ACTA
LINGUISTICA
LITHUANICA
XLVI
(2002),
213
-
222
NAUJU
DARBU
APZVALGA
Su ey
o
ecen
publica ions
LITHUANIAN
LINGUISTICS
1998-2002:
STUDIES
PUBLISHED
OUTSIDE
LITHUANIA
Fi s
o
all,
one
should
men ion
he
es sch i s
ha
we e
published
in
honou
o
V.N.
Topo o
(Nikolae a
1998),
Ju.
V.
O kup8¢iko
(Zajce
1999),
V.
V.
I ano
(Osipo a
2000),
Ju.
S.
S epano
(Kub jako a
2001)
and
M.Hasiuk
(Ma cinkiewicz,
Osipowski
2001),
all
o
hem
well-known
au ho i ies
on
Bal ic
linguis ics.
Ac ually,
he
con ibu ions
do
no
exclusi ely
deal
wi h
Bal ic
opics,
which
e lec s
he
b oad
scope
o
in e es s
o
he
hono ands
( eg e a-
bly,
Topo o ’s
and
S epano ’s
es sch i s
do
no
con ain
a
bibliog aphy
o
hei
wo ks').
A
laconic
e iew
o
S epano ’s
in es iga ions
in
he
ield
o
Li huanian
s udies
( e bal
sys em
and
ca ego ies
o
aspec
and
oice,
syn ac ic
s uc u e
and
he
opposi ion
o
anima e
and
inanima e
objec s
and
e bs,
accen ological
s udies)
is
p esen ed
by
V.
A.
Rodiono
(2001).
O kup8¢iko
has
ecen ly
p epa ed
wo
collec ions
o
p e iously
published
a icles,
a
consid-
e able
numbe
o
which
a e
de o ed
o
he
p oblem
o
he
Bal o-Sla ic
uni y
(O kupS¢iko
2001a:
294-366)
and
o
Bal ic
(especially
Li huanian)
and
Sla ic
e ymology
(O kups¢iko
2001b:
81-239).
Impo an
epublica ions
also
appea ed
in
he
Polish
se ies
Bal ica
Va so iensia
ed-
i ed
by
Wojciech
Smoczyniski:
a
collec ion
o
a icles
by
Tama a
Buch
(1998)
and
a
collec ion
o
he
edi o ’s
publica ions
on
he
Li huanian
language
(Smoczynski
2001).
An
impo an
e en
in
Russian
Bal ology
is
he
publica ion
o
he
Russian
ansla ion
o
P.
U.
Dini’s
comp ehensi e
monog aph
on
he
Bal ic
languages
(Dini
2002,
ansla ion
om
he
I alian
o iginal
comple ed
by
A.
V.
Topo o a,
gene al
edi ing
o
he
book
ca ied
ou
by
V.N.
Topo o ).
Dini’s
book
had
al eady
been
ansla ed
in o
Li huanian
and
La ian
in
2000,
bu
Russian
is
he
i s
majo
language
in
which
i
is
published.
Un o una ely,
he
Russian
edi ion
comple ely
igno es
he
many
imp o emen s
ha
we e
in oduced
by he
edi o s
o
he
Li huanian
and
La ian
edi ions.
In
his
espec
he
Russian
ansla ion
is
o
be
conside ed
a
s ep
backwa ds
in
compa ison
wi h
he
Bal ic
edi ions.
An
impo an
pa
o
books
o
such
an
encyclopaedic
cha ac e
a e
indexes
ha
pe mi
he
eade
o
use
hem
as
e e ence
books.
Thus,
one
may
expec
publishe s
o
add
a
leas
an
index
o
opics
and
a
wo d
index.
In
his
case
one
is
amazed
o
ind
ha
e en
he
index
o
names
o
he
I alian
edi ion
is
lacking.
As
a
esul
o
his
a he
indi e en
a i ude
o
a
book
belonging
o
he
classics
o
Bal ic
philology,
a
specialis
in
Bal ic
philology
would
ha dly
conside
he
Russian
edi ion
o
ha e
supe seded
;
The
bibliog aphy
o
V.
V.
I ano
is
also
no
included
in
he
es sch i .
I
can
be
ound
in
I ano
(1998:
813-909);
o
Ju.
S.
S epano ’s
bibliog aphy
c .
Loguno ,
ed.
(2000).
214
|
ALEKSEY
ANDRONOV,
RICK
DERKSEN
he
Li huanian
one.
The
book
shows
some
echnical
laws
as
well.
Besides
many
misp in s,
he
equen
use
o
unusual
symbols
o
he
Li huanian
nasalized
le e s
is
pa icula ly
dis u bing.
Spli ing
he
bibliog aphy
in o
a
La in
and
a
Cy illic
pa
esul ed
in
some
duplica ions
(e.g.
Max osuc
1974b
(p.
472)
and
Maiiulis
1974b
(p.
513),
which
e e
o
one
and
he
same
wo k).
On
a
inal
no e,
glued
binding
will
no
las
a
long
ime.
Ano he
publica ion
o
a
gene al
cha ac e
ha
dese es
o
be
men ioned
is
he
encyclopaedia
o
he
languages
o
he
Russian
Fede a ion
and
con iguous
s a es,
whose
i s
olume
con-
ains
V.
N.
Topo o ’s
a icle
on
Bal ic
languages
(Topo o
2001).
In
he
second
olume
we
ind
concise
p esen a ions
o
Li huanian
(Bulygina
2001)
and
La ian
(Blinkena
2001).
These
p esen a ions,
howe e ,
a e
no
well
coo dina ed.
Un o una ely,
all
Bal ological
publica ions
con ain
many
misp in s®.
I
should
also
be
no ed
ha
he
a icle
on
he
Li huanian
language,
w i en
by
he
la e
T.
V.
Bulygina,
a
enowned
specialis
in
Li huanian
g amma ,
was
ob iously
p epa ed
much
ea lie .
Though
he
change
o
he
linguis ic
si ua ion
a e
he
es o a ion
o
independence
in
1991
is
men ioned,
he
bibliog aphy
does
no
go
beyond
1986
( he
14 h
olume
o
he
Academy
dic iona y
o
Li huanian),
which
means
ha
i
says
no hing
abou
he
Academy
g amma s
o
1994
and
1997
and
men ions
only
old
(da ing
back
o
he
i ies!)
edi ions
o
Russian-Li huanian
and
Li huanian-Russian
dic iona ies,
which
is
pa icula ly
s ange
in
an
encyclopaedia
in ended
o
Russians’.
T.
V.
Bulygina’s
essay
may
be
called
a
good
example
o
a
p esen a ion
o
he
Li huanian
language
om
he
poin
o
iew
o
gene al
linguis ics
and
language
ypology.
An
impo an
ad an age
o
his
s udy
is
ha
i
is
no
me ely
an
accoun
o
adi ional
iews,
bu
e lec s
he
au ho ’s
pe sonal
ideas,
which
ins ead
o
being
sca e ed
o e
sepa a e
publica ions
a e
now
collec ed
in
one
place.
Some
o
hem
we e
inco po a ed
in
he
Academy
g amma
o
V.
Amb azas,
bu
o he
ideas
ha e
ecei ed
less
a en ion
om
he
Li huanian
schola ly
com-
muni y
and
a e
wo h
men ioning
he e.
Li huanian
plu alia
an um
a e
ea ed
as
ha ing
wo
homonymous
se s
o
o ms
o
singula
and
plu al
(Bulygina
2001:
248),
i.
e.
in
a
simila
way
o
A. A.
Zaliznjak’s
(1967:
57-61,
75-80)
app oach
o
he
Russian
language
(c .
Bulygina
1970:
16-17).
Seman ically
his
in e p e a ion
is
co ec ,
bu
whe eas
in
Russian
i
is
suppo ed
by
some
o mal
peculia i ies
o
ag eemen
(7 h
ag eemen
class
in
Zaliznjak
1967
esul ing
in
he
pos ula ion
o
a
ou h
gende ),
in
Li huanian
i
is
no
so
clea -cu :
he e
a e
no
p oblems
connec ed
wi h
gende ,
so
only
he
usage
o
mul ipli-
ca i e
nume als
(disappea ing
in
colloquial
speech)
suppo s
Bulygina’s
in e p e a ion
o mally.
Fo
he
discussion
o
he
g amma ical
s a us
o
he
so-called
neu e
o m
o
he
adjec i e
an
in e p e a ion
o
he
compa a i e
su ix
as
ha ing
wo
allomo phs
(-iau
in
he
impe sonal
p edica i e
o m
(c .
supe la i e
-iausia-)
and
-esn-
be o e
case
endings
is
in e es ing
(Bulygina
2001:
250,
c .
Bulygina
1970:
35-36).
s
In
he
bibliog aphy
his
esul s
in
some
e o s:
“F aenkel
E.
<ins ead
o
Endzelins
J.>
Da bu
izlase.
1-4.
Riga,
1971-1982”
(Topo o
2001:
154),
“Cepeiickuc
5.
[paMMa uka
AWTOBCKOTO
A3bIKa.
Buabu c,
1985”
—
?!
(Bulygina
2001:
258).
The
essay
on
he
La ian
language
compiled
by A.
Blinkena,
hough
somewha
old- ashioned
and
comple ely
adi ional,
is
no
so
old
—
i
could
be
da ed
a he
p ecisely:
a e
he
comple ion
o
he
Dic iona y
o
he
mode n
La ian
li e a y
language
(1996)
bu
be o e
he
ise
o
he
pe iodical
Linguis ica
Le ica
(1997).
NAUJU
DARBU
APZVALGA
|
215
No
a gumen s
a e
pu
o wa d
in
a ou
o
he
speci ic
segmen a ion
o
nominal
endings
in
“p e-desinence”
(nmpexoxonyanue)
and
ending
p ope
( y -a-ms)
in
he
publica ion
unde
e iew
(Bulygina
2001:
249).
This
in e p e a ion
was
i s
sugges ed
and
discussed
in
de ail
in
Bulygina
(1970:
18-23).
I
makes
he
mo phological
s uc u e
o
nominal
endings
mo e
simila
o
he
e bal
sys em
i
he e
he
s em
owels
a e
iewed
as
mo phemes
o
p esen
and
pas
ense
(equally
wi h
-si-
o
he
u u e
ense
and
-da o-
o
he
equen a i e
pas )
and
a
unique
pa a-
digm
o
pe sonal
endings
is
added
o
hem,
wi h
di e ences
be ween
conjuga ions
explained
as
mo phonological
al e na ions
(Bulygina
2001:
253;
1977:
268-269;
c .
Amb azas
1985:
263).
In
Bulygina
2001:
252,
i
is
claimed
ha
in e oga i e- ela i e
and
inde ini e
p onouns
show
no
opposi ion
be ween
anima e
and
inanima e
gende ,
hus
abandoning
he
au ho ’s
o me
idea
o
spli ing
hese
p onouns
in
wo,
e. g.
anima e
kas!
(possessi e
geni i e
kieno,
non-
possessi e
geni i e
ko)
and
inanima e
kas?
(bo h
possessi e
and
non-possessi e
geni i es
ko),
c .
kieno
Cia
bi a
:
ko
cia
bii a
(Bulygina
1985:
134).
This
o me
in e p e a ion,
howe e ,
seemed
p omising.
An
in e es ing
p oblem
o
a
o mal
desc ip ion
o
Li huanian
conjuga ion
a e
he
in e e-
la ions
be ween
he
h ee
main
s ems
(see
also
he
discussion
o
J.
F.
Le in’s
a icle
below).
In
Bulygina
1977
(252-253)
we
ind
an
explana ion
o
he
p incipal
di e ence
be ween
p esen
and
non-p esen
a ian s
o
he
s em,
bu
nei he
in
he
Academy
G amma
(Amb azas
1985),
no
in
he
publica ion
unde
discussion
was
his
dis inc ion
explici ly
made
(c .
he
opposi ion
o
p e e i
and
non-p e e i
s ems
in
Topo o
2001
(152)
acco ding
o
his
ea lie
publica ion
on
he
sys em
o
in lec ional
endings
in
he
e b
(Topo o
1965)).
Bulygina’s
posi ion
wi h
ega d
o
he
ques ion
o
oice
is
no
qui e
clea .
On
he
one
hand,
she
de ends
a
s ic ly
mo phological
app oach,
oice
being
mo phologically
exp essed
only
in
pa iciples
(Bulygina
2001:
252,
c .
Bulygina
1970:
66-67).
On
he
o he
hand,
compound
o ms
o
he
passi e
oice
a e
now
conside ed
as
well
(Bulygina
2001:
253).
EX
A
conside able
block
is
o med
by
publica ions
on
accen ology.
One
may
dis inguish
a
leas
h ee
se ies
he e.
The
i s
se ies
is
cons i u ed
by
he
publica ions
o
V.
A.
Dybo,
he
main
p o agonis
o
he
Moscow
school
o
mo phological
(pa adigma ic)
accen ology.
The
second
se ies
p esen s
an
al e na i e
app oach
o
he
desc ip ion
(and
a emp
a
an
explana ion)
o
accen
ma e s
de eloped
by
Ju.
S.
S epano .
Finally,
we
should
men ion
J. F.
Le in’s
s udy,
whe e
a en ion
is
paid
o
he
cogni i e
aspec
o
accen ua ion
ules.
Na u ally,
hese
publica-
ions
canno
be
analyzed
sepa a ely
om
some
ea lie
s udies
by
he
same
au ho s,
e en
hough
hey
may
be
sepa a ed
by
a
long
in e al.
The
Moscow
accen ological
school
(hence o h
MAS),
which
has
made
nume ous
signi i-
can
con ibu ions
o
Sla ic
accen ology
since
he
ea ly
six ies,
has
always
shown
a
keen
in e es
in
Bal ic
accen ual
da a,
one
o
he
highligh s
being
Illié-S i yé’s
monog aph
on
nominal
accen ua ion
in
Bal ic
and
Sla ic
(1963).
V.
A.
Dybo’s
la es
publica ions
a e
de o ed
o
de
Saussu e’s
Law
and
he
p oblem
o
seconda y
dominan
mo phemes
in
Bal ic
and
Li huanian*.
In
1998,
V.
A.
Dybo
published
an
analysis
o
Old
P ussian
nominal
accen ua ion
.
I
should
be
no ed
ha
he
a icles
o en
epea
one
ano he .
Thus,
Dybo’s
su mise
abou
he
di ec
connec ion
be ween
ci cum lex
me a ony
and
ecessi eness
o
he
oo
(Dybo
2000:
59-73),
216
|
ALEKSEY
ANDRONOV,
RICK
DERKSEN
as
e lec ed
in
he
Enchi idion.
I
is
gene ally
assumed
ha
in
his
ex
accen ed
long
owels
and
diph hongs
a e
indica ed
by
a
mac on.
In
he
case
o
diph hongs,
he
place
o
he
mac on
seems
o
e lec
a
dis inc ion
be ween
o iginally
acu e
and
ci cum lex
diph hongs.
Much
mo e
con o e sial
is
he
accen og aphic
unc ion
o
he
double
consonan s.
Dybo
adop s
Ko land ’s
hypo hesis
ha
double
consonan s
indica e
ha
he
ollowing
syllable
is
s essed.
Finally,
Dybo
assumes
ha
acu e
7
and
@
we e
diph hongized
unde
he
s ess.
Cu iously
enough,
his
mos
equen
examples
o
he
la e
de elopmen
in ol e
ij,
which
is
usually
in e p e ed
as
[i].
This
does
no
appea
o
ha e
impo an
consequences
o
Dybo’s
analysis,
howe e .
D awing
a
compa ison
wi h
Li huanian
accen ual
da a,
including
da a
om
Dauk$a’s
Pos illa,
Dybo
es ablishes
ou
accen ual
pa adigms
o
disyllabic
nouns
wi h
a
long
(acu e
o
ci cum-
lex)
s em
and
a
single
pa adigm
o
disyllabic
nouns
wi h
a
sho
s em.
The
la e
me ge
would
be
a
consequence
o
he
Old
P ussian
p og essi e
s ess
shi
om
sho
s essed
owels
o
he
immedia ely
ollowing
syllable.
As
his
shi
was
p oposed
by
Ko land
in
1974,
Dybo
e e s
o
i
as
“Ko land ’s
law”,
while
adding
ha
he
had
disco e ed
he
ule
indepen-
den ly.
In
ecen
yea s,
Ko land ’s
law,
which
had
gone
la gely
unno iced
o
a
long
ime,
as
well
as his
in e p e a ion
o
he
unc ion
o
he
Old
P ussian
double
consonan s
ha e
been
ho ly
deba ed
(Pa en i
1998;
Young
1999;
Ko land
1999;
2000;
Schmals ieg
2001).
The
classi ica ion
o
Old
P ussian
nouns
acco ding
o
he
ou
Li huanian
accen ual
pa a-
digms
only
makes
sense
i
i
can
be
shown
ha
de
Saussu e’s
law
also
ope a ed
in
Old
P us-
sian.
Dybo
concludes
ha
Old
P ussian
ep esen s
a
Bal ic
s age
when
de
Saussu e’s
law
exclusi ely
ope a ed
be o e
dominan
acu e
su ixes
o
in
hose
cases
whe e
he
alency
o
he
accen ed
syllable
was
no
highe
han
he
alency
o
he
acu e
syllable
(17-18).
The
e idence
o
o
agains
de
Saussu e’s
law,
be
i
in
he
adi ional
o
in
Dybo’s
o mula ion,
is
ex emely
limi ed,
howe e .
In
iew
o
“Ko land ’s
law”,
one
is
o ced
o
u n
o
he
ele an
case
o ms
o
nouns
wi h
a
ci cum lex
long
owel
o
diph hong
in
he
oo .
I is
no
a
all
clea
ha
hese
o ms
jus i y
Dybo’s
conclusion.
The
oo
s ess
o
ankans
‘hands’
and
dusins
‘ea s’
(Li h.
ankas,
ausis),
o
ins ance,
may
jus
as
well
be
aken
as
di ec
e idence
agains
he
ope a ion
o
de
Saussu e’s
law.
Nouns
such
as
im d
‘ aken’
o
spigsnd
‘ba h’
may
ha e
been
mobile
(c .
S ang
1966:
173).
One
canno
escape
he
imp ession
ha
Dybo’s eage ness
o
ind
e idence
ha
would
pe mi
him
o
o mula e
some
e sion
o
de
Saussu e’s
law
seems
o
hampe
his
abili y
o
s udy
he
ac s
objec i ely
and
p e en
him
om
aking
al e na i e
solu ions
in o
conside -
a ion,
which
is
ema kable
conside ing
he
ease wi h
which
he
p oposes
a
e ac ion
o
he
s ess
om
ci cum lex
inal
syllables
(17).
Dybo’s
a icle
on
Old
P ussian
accen ua ion
mus
be
iewed
wi hin
he
con ex
o
he
ecen
de elopmen s
in
he
MAS.
While
he
scope
o
he
P o o-Sla ic
e ac ion
known
as
S ang’s
law
is
educed,
he
p og essi e
shi
e e ed
o as
Illi¢-S i yé’s
law
o
Dybo’s
law
is
eplaced
by
a
“npapocTopoHHHii
Apeiic)”
ha
is
assumed
o
ha e
ope a ed
in
a
numbe
o
s ages
and
is
connec ed
wi h
ea ly
dialec al
di e en ia ion.
Acco ding
o
Dybo,
he
only
uly
P o o-Sla ic
based
on
S.
L.
Nikolae ’s
in es iga ions
(Nikolae
1989:
75-97)
was
al eady
published
in
Dybo
1997
(165-184)
and,
as
a
as
he
pa
on
seconda y
dominan
mo phemes
(2000:
63-73)
is
con-
ce ned,
also
in
Dybo
1998a
(119-129).
The
la e
publica ion
con ains
he
same
desc ip ion
o
he
Abkhazian
accen
sys em
and
some
gene al
ema ks
(Dybo
1998a:
129-202
=
Dybo
1997:
65-
163),
c .
Dybo
1989,
which
is
e y
simila .
NAUJU
DARBU
APZVALGA
[217
p og essi e
shi
is
he
ans e
o
he
ic us
om
a
ci cum lex
o
sho
syllable
o
a
ollowing
dominan
acu e
syllable
(Dybo
2000a:
94).
As
de
Saussu e’s
law
in
Li huanian
is
e o mula ed
as
a
shi
o
he
ic us
om
a
ci cum lex
o
sho
syllable
o
a
ollowing
in e nal
acu e
i
bo h
syllables
ha e
he
same
alency
o
o
a
inal
acu e
syllable
i espec i e
o
alency
(Dybo
1998:
57;
Dybo
2000b:
75),
i
seems
na u al
o
assume
a
Bal o-Sla ic
o igin
o
hese
shi s.
This
is
i ually
an amoun
o
a
ehabili a ion
o
de
Saussu e’s
law
—
o
a he
de
Saussu e’s
and
Fo una o ’s
law
— as
a
Bal o-Sla ic
de elopmen ,
he
ejec ion
o
which
was
one
o
he
co ne s ones
o
mode n
accen ology.
Since
i
is
no
e y
plausible
ha
his
accen
shi ,
which
is
o
a
phone ic
na u e,
would
be
condi ioned
by
pu ely
mo phological
p ope ies,
i
seems
ha
a
ha
s age
he e
was
an
inhe en
phone ic
di e ence
be ween
dominan
and
ecessi e
mo phemes.
Acco ding
o
Dybo’s
main
hypo hesis,
he e
mus
ha e
exis ed
a
onal
opposi ion
(Dybo
2000b:
68).
The
ecen
de elopmen s
in
he
MAS
a e
summa ized
in
Leh eld
2001
(an
imp o ed
and
comple ed
edi ion
o
Leh eld
1993),
which
is
an
in oduc ion
o
he
mo phological
concep-
ion
o
Sla ic
accen ology
as
p opaga ed
by
his
school.
I
should
be
no ed
ha
his
book,
which
con ains
a
chap e
on
Li huanian
accen ua ion
in
synch onic
and
diach onic
pe spec i e,
is
essen ially
an
in oduc ion
o
he
concep ions
and
achie emen s
o
he
MAS
p io
o
he
adical
de elopmen s
ha
ha e
aken
place
since
he
ea ly
nine ies.
The
appendix
by
Willem
Ve mee ,
on
he
o he
hand,
is
a
c i ical
discussion
o
he
modus
ope andi
o
he
MAS
ha
de o es
pa icula
a en ion
o
i s
mo e
ecen
publica ions.
Among
o he
hings,
he
c i icizes
he
MAS
o
no
paying
su icien
a en ion
o
he
eliabili y
o
he
da a
hey
a e
wo king
wi h,
neglec ing
exis ing
knowledge
and
o he
ele an
schola ship,
and
unde es ima ing
he
possi-
bili y
o
seconda y
(pos -P o o-Sla ic)
de elopmen s.
Whe eas
Ve mee ’s
heo e ical
amewo k
is
compa ible
wi h
ha
o
he
MAS
and
his
c i icism
may
be
ega ded
as
c i icism
., om
wi hin“,
Ju.
S.
S epano
has
undamen al
objec-
ions
o
he
pa adigma ic
app oach
o
he
MAS
(S epano
1997a;
1997b),
which
he
aces
back
o
de
Saussu e.
S epano
disapp o es
o
concep ions
ha
assign
inhe en
p osodic
p ope -
ies
o
mo phemes
(such
as
one
o
alency).
Ins ead,
he
s esses
he
impo ance
o
syllable
and
ph ase
s uc u e
and
o en
eso s
o
mo aic
analysis.
S epano
pu s
o wa d
a
numbe
o
me hodological
heses,
opposing
his
iew
o
he
heo-
ies
o
V.
A.
Dybo,
P.
Ga de
and
B.
S undzia.
These
c i ical
ema ks
should
be
ega ded
as
s ong
s imuli
o
he
de elopmen
o
mo phological
accen ology
a he
han
as
a
comple e
ejec ion
o
he
la e .
An
imp o ed
app oach
should
ob iously
combine
bo h
iews.
Some
e isions
may
be
obse ed
wi hin
he
amewo k
o
mo phological
accen ology
i sel .
Thus,
S epano ’s
claim
ha
no
in es iga ions
in o
he
ela ionship
be ween
mo pheme
and
syllable
segmen a ion
we e
conduc ed
(S epano
1997a:
65)
is
inco ec ,
c .
Gi denis,
S undzia
(1994).
I
seems
ha
aking
in o
conside a ion
de i a ional
cha ac e is ics
is
no
a
a iance
wi h
a
mo phological
app oach
(S epano
1997a:
79;
1997b:
7):
dominance
(unde s ood
as
he
abili y
o
change
accen ological
ea u es,
gene ally
s eng h/ eakness,
o
o he
mo phemes
(S undzia
1995:
8-12))
should
p obably
no
be
asc ibed
o
a
mo pheme
bu
o
he
de i a ional
model
(c .
And ono
1999
on
he
dynamic
aspec
o
he
desc ip ion
o
Li huanian
s ess).
A
gene al
analogy
o
ic us
mo emen
o
he
le
in
Li huanian
dialec s
and
a
olde
s ages
o
Li huanian
emains
a
b igh
hypo hesis
since
S epano
(1972).
A
u he
de elopmen
o
he
same
ap-
p oach
esul ed
in
an
in e p e a ion
o
Leskien’s
law
in
he
same
e ms
and
an
a emp
o
explain

218
|
ALEKSEY
ANDRONOV,
RICK
DERKSEN
he
,, e e sed“
cha ac e
o
Li huanian
syllable
accen s
( alling
acu e
and
ising
ci cum lex)
(S epano
1997b:
22).
An
impo an
ole
in
he
his o y
o
accen
shi s
in
Li huanian
is
played
by
a
e ision
o
Wacke nagel’s
law,
which
is
gene alized
o
he
whole
o ganiza ion
o
he
peaks
o
in ensi y
in
Indo-Eu opean
ph ase
(S epano
1997b:
15).
On
he
whole,
S epano ’s
a icles
con ain
in e es ing
commen s
on
he
his o y
o
accen ological
heo ies
and
c ucial
heo e ical
p oblems
as
well
as
sub le
obse a ions
on
ma e ial
om
Li huanian
and
Ancien
G eek.
The
ecen
pape
“On
he
ep esen a ion
o
Li huanian
mo phology”
by
J. F.
Le in
(2000)
is
a
sequel
o
his
s udy
on
Li huanian
accen
ma king
(Le in
1990).
I
ecapi ula es
he
la e
s udy’s
main
ideas
and
ex ends
hem
o
he
e bal
sys em
agains
he
common
backg ound
o
cogni i e
specula ions*.
Le in’s
app oach
e eals
some
in e es ing
ea u es
o
he
Li huanian
accen
sys em.
The
au ho
s esses
he
speci ic s a us
o
he
las
s em
mo a,
which
loses
he
s ess
bo h
o
ce ain
nominal
and
e bal
endings
and
o
e bal
p e ixes.
The
app oach
i sel ,
howe e ,
seems
o
cause
some
incon eniences.
On
he
whole,
he
educ ion
o
he
symme ic
ou
adi ional
accen
classes
o
nouns
o
h ee
(me ge
o
he
i s
and
second
classes)
obscu es
he
pa allel
co ela ion
be ween
he
classes
implica ed
by
he
de
Saussu e’s
law,
which
now
is
inco po a ed
in
a
se
o
ules
de e mining
he
place
o
he
s ess.
The
accen ual
cha ac e is ics
o
some
nominal
endings
also
con adic
he
p ope ies
asc ibed
o
hem
wi hin
he
amewo k
o
classical
mo phological
accen ology
(S undzia
1995).
Thus,
sho
accen ed
endings
in
Le in’s
sys em
(p.
179)
include
Nom.
Sg.
-a
(s ong
a ac able
acco ding
o
S undzia),
-ls
(s ong,
no
a ac able),
Ins.
Sg.
-%
(weak,
a ac able).
This
esul s
in
some
special
amend-
men s
o
he
gene al
ules
o
s ess
assignmen
(p.
180).
The
p oposed
de ia ion
om
he
adi ion
would
be
a
complica ion
o
his o ical
s udies.
Simila ly,
i
does
no
ha e
any
ob ious
ad an ages
o
he
desc ip ion
o
s ess
placemen
in
de i a ion.
The
applica ion
o
he
same
app oach
o
he
e bal
sys em
leads
Le in
o
he
conclusion
ha
wo
ypes
o
accen ua ion
o
e bs
a e
analogous
o
he
adi ional
nominal
accen
classes
1
and
2
(p.
182),
i.
e.
o
nouns
wi h
an
accen ologically
s ong
s em.
This,
oo,
can
be
ega ded
as
a
con adic ion
o
he
esul s
o
mo phological
accen ology:
aking
in o
conside a ion
he
accen ua ion
o
p e ixed
e bs,
p i-
ma y
s ems
seem
o
be
accen ologically
weak
in
he
ini e
o ms
(And ono as
1995).
In
he
second
pa
o
he a icle
Le in
shows
he
seman ic/semio ic
ole
o
he
s uc u al
elemen s
which
o m
a
con as
be ween
e bal
s ems
and
includes
he
accen
con as s
o
p e ixed
e bs
in
he
same
sys em.
His
obse a ions
on
he
dependence
o
he
seman ics
o
a
e b
and
ma kedness
o
i s
p esen
o
pas
ense
o ms
a e
e y
in e es ing
and,
by he
way,
no
neces-
sa ily
connec ed
wi h
he
dispu able
accen ological
desc ip ion
in
he
i s
pa
o
he
pape .
eee
Finally,
we
would
like
o
d aw
a en ion
o
a
ew
ecen
publica ions
by
wo
schola s
o
a
younge
gene a ion
om
Wes e n
Eu ope.
Apa
om
an
in oduc ion
o
Li huanian
(1999,
see
Amb azas
2000),
Daniel
Pe i
has
published
a
numbe
o
publica ions
on Bal ic
his o ical
linguis ics.
He e
we
shall
limi
ou sel es
o
h ee
e ymological
s udies
ha
ocus
on
Li huanian
da a.
Pe i
(1998)
deals
wi h
he
e ymol-
5
One
o
Le in’s
gene al
me hodological
ema ks
is
he
claim
ha
“ he e
is
no
compelling
need
o
p opose
mo phological
models
whose
only
pu pose
is
o
educe
all
lexemes
o
unique
unde lying
o ms”
(Le in
2000:
176),
which
sounds
as
a
kind
o
a
challenge
o
such
publica ions
as
Topo o
1966
(119)
and
Bulygina
1977
(238-239).
NAUJU
DARBU
APZVALGA
|
219
ogy
o
Li h.
sdémba is
‘ga he ing’.
The
a icle
con es s
Dini’s
claim
ha
sdmba is
and
Sla ic
*spbo s
‘cong ega ion’
can
be
aced
o
a
Bal o-Sla ic
cul .
Pe i
combines
a
e y
ex ensi e
philological
accoun
o
he
Bal ic
da a
wi h
an
in es iga ion
o
he a e
o
he
oo
*b‘e -
in
Bal o-
Sla ic.
Pe i
(2000a)
is
a
discussion
o
a
numbe
o
Bal ic
o ms
ha
Ka aliiinas
(1976)
had
connec ed
o
Li h.
au a
‘people’.
The
au ho
ejec s
he
e ymological
connec ion
o
e e y
one
o
hese
cases.
A
he
end
o
he
a icle
he
a gues
ha
he
o- ocalism
o
au a
may
be
analogical
a e
o he
d-s ems.
The
objec i e
o
Pe i
(2000b)
is
o
demons a e
on
he
basis
o
Li h.
s uomuo
/
s omué
and
ela ed
o ms
ha
*oh,
yields
*6,
no
*d.
I
is
a gued
ha
he e
we e
o iginally
wo
nouns,
*s eh,-me/on-
and
*s oh,-mo-,
which
yielded
s omud
and
s iomas,
espec-
i ely.
The
oo
ocalism
o
hese
nouns
we e
subsequen ly
mixed
up,
yielding
s uomué
/
s iomas.
A
a
la e
s age,
s uomud,
which
belonged
o
a
p oduc i e
ype,
was
in luenced
by he
e b
s 6o i.
Pe i ’s
app oach
o
Bal ic
e ymology
is
cha ac e ized
by
a
ca e ul
analysis
o
all
he
ele an
ma e ial,
including
da a
om
old
ex s
and
dialec s.
He
does
no
ely
on
he
o ms
ha
appea
in
he
schola ly
li e a u e,
bu
makes
use
o
all
he
esou ces
ha
a e
accessible
o
he
p esen
day
Bal ologis .
As
a
esul ,
Pe i ’s
a icles
a e
ins uc i e
and
use ul,
whe he
he
eade
subsc ibes
o
his
conclusions
o
no .
Bjé n
Wieme ’s
a icle
(2001)
is
de o ed
o
he
p oblem
o
e bal
aspec
in
Li huanian.
I
should
be
emphasized
ha
he
au ho
consciously
keeps
himsel
away
om
he
e oneous
p ac ice
o
looking
a
Li huanian
aspec
h ough
he
glasses
o
he
Russian
language
(o ,
Sla ic
in
gene al)
(p.
34-35,
43-44).
Wieme
bases
his
in es iga ion
on
a
ho ough
s udy
o
“aspec ual”
e b
pai s
connec ed
by
mo phologically
de i a i e
ela ions
s essing
he
impo -
ance
o
combining
he
analysis
o
lexical
in e ela ions
be ween
such
e bs
wi h
an
in es iga-
ion
o
he
egula i y
o
hei
unc ions
and
obliga o iness
o
use.
An
impo an
heo e ical
claim
is
ha
g amma ical
ca ego y
is
no
necessa ily
connec ed
wi h
in lec ion
as
opposed
o
de i a ion:
hus,
he e
is
no
con adic ion
in
he
ac
ha
he
ca ego y
o
aspec
in
Russian,
al hough
i s
membe s
a e
connec ed
by
de i a i e
ela ions,
is
conside ed
g amma ical
(p.
30).
In
o he
wo ds,
he
opposi ion
“in lec ion
s.
de i a ion”
is
no
iden ical
o
he
opposi ion
“g amma ical
s.
lexical
meaning”.
Wieme
shows
ha
Li huanian
lacks
g amma ical
aspec
because
he
choice
be ween
mem-
be s
o
an
,,aspec ual*
pai
depends
on
hei
lexical
ea u es
(whe eas
in
Russian
i
is
o ced
by
he
g amma ical
con ex ).
The
ich
and
p oduc i e
se
o
Li huanian
e bal
a ixes esul s
in
an
elabo a ed
sys em
o
Ak ionsa ,
which
has
no
ye
de eloped
in o
a
g amma ical
opposi ion
o
aspec s
(p.
44).
The
a icle
p o ides
clea
e idence
o
he
al eady
in ui i ely
pe cei ed
imp es-
sion
o
simila i y
be ween
he
si ua ion
in
mode n
Li huanian
and
an
ea lie
s age
o
he
de elopmen
o
he
ca ego y
o
aspec
in
Sla ic
(p.
51).
I
is
a
good
example
o
he
ole
which
heo e ical
synch onic
g amma
can
play
in
his o ical
language
s udies.
The
s ic
app oach
sugges ed
in
Wieme ’s
a icle
clea ly
indica es
he
di ec ion
and
me hod
o
u he
aspec
s udies
o
Li huanian.
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