ACTA
LINGUISTICA
LITHUANICA
XLVII
(2002),
109-115
Li huanian
Ziau us
:
Z e is
STEVEN
YOUNG
Uni e si y
o
Ma yland
Bal imo e
Coun y,
Bal imo e,
MD
Li h.
ziau is
‘g ausam’
is
linked
by
F aenkel
o
he
wo d
nes
ziaudis
Ziau us
[o
bei
Daukan as]’,
iiud is
‘ auh,
uneben’,
Ziud é i
‘ auh,
uneben
we den’;
hese
a e
associa ed
in
u n
wi h
ei he
Li h.
Za i
Cug unde
gehen’,
zudy i
‘umb ingen’
o
Russ.
*ynd
‘En se zen,
Elend’.
Bu
F aenkel’s
compa ison
alls
sho
bo h
phonologically
( he
de i a ion
o
*ziau -
om
*ziaud( )-
is
no
e iden )
and
seman ically
( he
basic
meaning
o
*ziau -
is
‘c uel’
a he han
‘ ough,
coa se’).
A
be e -mo i a ed
solu ion
is
sug-
ges ed
by
he
seman ic
ela ion
La .
e us
:
e ox:
Ziau is
may
be
seen
as
a
‘s a e
I’
o ma ion
(*g"éu -)
o
he
s a e
II
o
z é is
(*¢"ué -).
In his
explana ion,
(*g"éu -)
would
o iginally
ha e
ep esen ed
a
hema ic
adjec i e
o
appu enance,
e ashioned
in
Li huanian
as
a
u-s em.
Li h.
Ziau is,
-i
(s em
Ziaii -)
‘c uel,
e ocious,
b u al,
sa age’
is
linked
by
F aenkel
(1965:
1303)
o
he
wo d
nes
Ziaudus
“=
ziau iis
(o
bei
Daukan as
...),”
Ziaud is,
Ziud us
‘ auh,
uneben’,
Ziud é i ‘ auh,
uneben
we den’,
all
o
which
a e
said
o
belong
ei he
o
he
se
o
Li h.
Zi i
‘zug unde
gehen’,
zudy i
‘umb ingen’,
La .
zaudé
‘ e nich en,
e lie en,
e de ben’,
o
o
Russ.
acydd
‘En se zen,
Elend’ (which
i sel
may
be
ela ed
o
he
zii i
se :
Vasme ,
T ubaée
1987,,:
63).
Unde
he
en y
Ziud is
(cha ac e ized
as
he
“Tie s u e
zu
Ziau s”),
F aenkel
expands
his
se
o
phone i-
cally
and
seman ically
dispa a e
i ems
o
include
Ziub is
‘ auh,
uneben’,
Zi b in i
‘ auh
machen’,
and
unde
nuzu do i,
nuzu do i
(1962:
514)
‘zu
Tode
qualen’
we
ead:
“Nach
meine
Ansich
sind
die
Wo e
e w.
mi
li .
Ziaw is
‘g ausam,
e ba mungslos,
wild,
auh’,
Ziaudus
dass[elbe]...”
Rega ding
he
compa ison
o
Ziau is
o
Ziaudis
and
ela ed
o ms,
i
is
di icul
o
imagine
how
he
-d-
o
he
la e
s em
( o
say
no hing
o
he
-b-
o
ziub iis)
could
be
econciled
wi h
he
- -
o
Ziau is,
unless
he
sou ce
o
bo h
wo ds
is
aken
o
be
*ziaa-,
wi h
an
op ional
-d-
enla gemen
(IEW
448
*gheu-,
*gheu-d-
‘ e schwinden,
umkommen’,
he
sou ce
o
Zi i)
oge he
wi h
he
- -
su ix
p esen
in
Zaud i s
( o
Ziaudus;
c .
also
dial.
skaud i s
‘aS us,
pik as’
alongside
skaudus,
Ska dzius
1941:
300).
Bu
his
di ec ion
need
no
be
pu sued,
since
Ziau is
and
Ziaudus
a e
no
easily
ec-
onciled
seman ically.
Buga
(1959:
327,
688)
p esen s
his
seman ic
ske ch
o
Ziaudiis:
“CypoBblii,
WepxoBaTbIii,
He maqKHi ;
...
ace bus;
...
ch opawy’.
The
‘cypopp ii’
mean-
ing
seems
o
be
ypical
in
e e ence
o
he
wind:
sziau es
a
ki i
Ziaudi
wiejej;
‘6 ’s
y a
...
Ziaudiis
i
nepa ogus’
(Daukan as);
NW
Zem.
Ziaud us
‘cyposbiii,
MpOHM3pIBaIOMUMi ,
ocTpb ii;
wepmiaBbiii,
HepoBHI ;
hi us’;
NW
Zem.
Ziud us
( educed
g ade
o
Ziaud is)
‘epmlaBblii,
He magkui
(Siu ks us)’,
Ziud é i
“c aHoBUTbCA
WeplulaBbIM:
nuzi id o
ankos
ni
bul iy
inkimo’.
To
his
we
can
add
Vi kauskas
(1976:
453,
458):
Ziaud iss,
Ziud us
“Siu kS us,
kie as’:
(examples
appea
in
dialec
o m
in
he
o iginal)
ma skiniai
110
|
STEVEN
YOUNG
Ziaud i
bu o
...
kaip
Sepeciai;
pakulinis
Ziaud us:
nuga a
d aské;
iké is
Zud us:
pjaus a
lieZu j
gy uliy;
pakulinis
labai
Zud us
audeklas.
I
seems
clea
om
hese
glosses
and
samples
ha
he
cen al
meaning
o
he
Ziaud( )-,
Zi d -
oo
is
‘ ough,
coa se,
ha sh’,
a he
han
‘c uel,
e ocious’,
and
hus
he e
is
no
need
o
link
Ziaud( )us,
Ziud i s
seman ically
(any
mo e
han
phonologi-
cally)
wi h
Ziau iis.
The
occasional
con ex s
in
which
he
usages
may
coincide
( o
example,
in
e e ence
o
a
ha sh
~
aw
~
c uel
wind)
should
no
obscu e
his
ac .
Fo
Li h.
Ziau i s,
seman ic
pa allels
such
as
La .
e us
:
e dx,
Russ.
36epp
:
3eepcKUull
‘b u al’,
and
Li h.
z é is
:
Z é iskas
sugges
a he
a
compa ison
wi h
Li h.
S é is
‘wild
animal’.
Conside
also
Zem.
Z é is
in
he
sense
o
‘kas
Ziau us’
(Vi kauskas
1976:
462)
and
he
ac
ha
Li h.
Z é iskas,
a
anspa en
de i a i e
o
Z é is,
is
de ined
by
he
‘DZ
as
‘Ziau is”.
Gi en
he
seman ic
app ochemen
Ziau is
:
Z é is,
we
u n
nex
o
he
phone ic
ela-
ionship
be ween
he
wo
wo ds.
A
Li huanian
sequence
§’V,,
7°V-
( ep esen ed
o ho-
g aphically
as
5iV-,
iV-),
such
as
we
ha e
in
Ziau is,
e lec s
in
p inciple
an
ances al
*kiV-,
*giV-.
One
Bal o-Sla ic
sou ce
o
such
sequences
is
ound
in
au osyllabic
*(C)éu-
>
(in
Bal ic
e ms)
(C)iau-:
IEW
597
*Kéu[e] -
‘No d,
No dwind’
>
Li h.
sidu -[é]
‘no h’,
IEW
684
*leud"i-
‘Nachwuchs,
Volk’
>
Li h.
lidudis,
SI.
*Ijud-?.
Ac-
co dingly,
he
mos
likely
an eceden
o
a
Li huanian
oo
o
he
shape
Ziau -
would
be
*g“eu -.
The
one
o
he
o iginal
(acu e
o
ci cum lex)
canno
be
deduced
om
Ziau s,
since
mode n
u-s em
adjec i es
end
o
gene alize
accen
pa adigm
4,
i.e.,
impose
ci -
cum lex
me a ony:
Sidu é
‘no h’
:
Siau i s,
s em
Sia i -
‘Siau inis’
(S undZia
1995:
94).
We
a i e
hen
a
a
compa ison
o
a
p e-Bal ic
*g”eu -
(essen ially
‘Z é iskas’)
and
*g"ué -,
IEW
493
‘wildes
Tie ’,
he
sou ce
o
Li h.
é is
‘id.’.
Since
his
ela ionship
is
( o
use
E ic
Hamp’s
e m)
one
o
an
‘adjec i e
o
appu enance’
*g"eu -
o
a
nominal
base
*g”ué -,
and
such
adjec i es
a e
o med
by
hema ic
de i a ion
and
he
addi ion
o
he
“ ocalism
e
in
he
i s
possible
posi ion”
(Hamp
1978:
186,
193-94),
and
mo eo e
a e
oxy onic
(Hamp
1984:
141),
we
a e
dealing
in
ac
wi h
a
hema ic
s em
*g"eu o-.
Go ab
(1967:
770)
e e s
o
he
de i a ional
p ocess
in ol ed
he e
as
(a
ype
o )
ddhi,
and
explains
i
a
g ea e
leng h:
“V ddhi
can
be
de ined
as
a
ype
o
seconda y
(denomina i e)
adjec i e-gene a ing
de i a ion
which
combines
wo
de-
ices:
a)
su ixa ion
(chie ly
-o/e-
and
-(i)io/e-);
b)
g ada ion
o
he
ini ial
syllable
o
basic
wo d
(noun).
The
g ada ion
o
he
owel
in
he
ini ial
syllable
...
can
be
in e -
p e ed
as
he
esul
o
he
‘addi ion’
o
‘inse ion’
o
e
o
he
basic
ocalism
@
...”
Ye
ano he
seman ic
pa allel
o
his
so
is
p o ided
by
Sla ic
*s e po/s e éps
(e.g.
Russ.
ceupensiii),
ul ima ely
o
IE
*g”ué -
‘animal’
(Holze
1989:
78-81,
in
his
p o oca i e
heo y
o
a
Sla ic
wo ds ock
e lec ing
an
ads a e
[possibly
Cimme ian]
in luence).
On
he
de elopmen
o
*ew
in
bo h
Sla ic
and
Bal ic,
see
A umaa
(1964:
86
.
and
96
.).
A umaa
challenges
Vaillan ’s
claim
ha
he
change
ook
place
only
be o e
a
so
consonan :
“Vaillan
...
mach
den
Wechsel
sla .
u
~
iu,
bal .
au
~
iau
om
ha en
ode
weichen
Cha ak e
des
olgenden
Konsonan en
abhangig,
wo ii
abe
cine
siche e
Beweis iih ung
unmdglich
is ,
weil
die
lau liche
Spal ung
hie
schon
in
den
U zus and
diese
Sp achen
zu iickzu e legen
is
und
wi
eine
siche en
Kon olle
da ii
en beh en.”
She elo
(1965:
273)
is
mo e
ca ego ical:
“Ye
an
examina ion
o
e e y
ins ance
shows
ha
he
only
pho-
ne ic
e lex
o eu
was
[Sla ic]
ji,
while
all
o he
o ms
a e
due
o
ex a-phone ic
ac o s
and
cons i u e
de ia ions
o
a
la e
da e”.
LITHUANIAN
Ziau is
:
Z é is
}
111
Ou
hema ic
de i a ion
*g*eu d-
<
*g"yé -
hus
pa allels
ha
o
he
(subs an i -
ized)
adjec i e
*deiud-
(Ku y owicz
1968:
303:
‘himmlisch’
>
‘Go ’)
o
he
o iginal
base
*dieu-
(o
OI
dyduh,
dyoh)
h ough
he
educed
g ade
*diu/diu,
excep
ha
he
in e media e
s age
o
a
educed-g ade
**g”u -
( o
*g”ué -)
is
appa en ly
una es ed.
Rega ding
such
‘Schwebeablau ’
ela ions
(which
con inue
he
s a e
I
and
II
o ma-
ions
o
Ben enis e’s
binomial
oo s),
Szeme enyi
(1980:
126)
says
ha
he
assump-
ion
o
a
educed-g ade
s age
is
no
necessa y:
“In
einigen
Fallen
(z.
B.
bei
mi le em
R)
kénnen
Ums ellungen
s a ge unden
haben,
d.
h.
* e p-
di ek
zu
* ep-
gewo den
sein”,
Wi h
he
phone ic
de elopmen
o
*g”eu d-
o
he
ecognizably
Bal ic
shape
*Ziau-
a;
we
ha e
a
o m
wi h
he
appea ance
o
an
o-g ade
(Bal ic
a-g ade)
adjec i e.
Such
adjec i es
(chie ly
de e bal)
in
Bal ic
we e
suscep ible
o
a
shi
o
he
o iginally
educed-g ade
oxy onic
u-s ems:
“ he
no able
ac
o
Bal ic
is
he
appea ance
o
o-
g ade
bases
in
-u-s ems:
ka is
‘bi e ’,
gajus
‘li ely,
i acious’,
e c.;
o
e en
o
pseudo-
o-g ade:
saldis
‘swee ’”
(Hamp
1984:
141;
Vanags
1989:
118
sugges s
a
mo i a ion
o
his
la ge-scale
shi ).
Acco dingly,
he
hema ic
oxy one
*Ziau a-
was
e ash-
ioned
as
he
u-s em
*Ziau -.
In
summa y,
we
ha e
an
oxy onic
hema ic
adjec i e
o
appu enance
*g”eu é-,
es-
sen ially
‘z é i8kas’,
o
he
inhe i ed
base
*g”ué -
‘z é is’,
by
a
Schwebeablau
de i a-
ional
p ocess.
This yielded,
by
egula
phone ic
change,
a
‘pseudo-o-g ade’
Ziau é-,4
which
oge he
wi h
o he
hema ic
o-g ade
adjec i es
was
e ashioned
as
a
u-s em,
gi ing
he
mode n
Ziau is
‘c uel,
e ocious’.
Ha ing
secu ed
he
an eceden
*g”eu d-
o
Li h.
Ziau iis,
we
migh
ask
i
his
base
is
e lec ed
in
Sla ic
as
well;
he
expec ed
o mal
de elopmen
o
he
oo
*g”eu -
in
Sla ic
would
be
*Zu -,
h ough
he
in e media e
s age
*ziou -,
wi h
a
change
o
he
-eu-
diph hong
analogous
o
ha
in
Bal ic
( o
Sla ic
Z
om
z
o
pala o- ela
o igin
plus
7,
no e
Russ.
é
‘hedgehog’
<
*eg"'io-
=
Li h.
es).
In
ac ,
a
e b
Zu i i
(se)
is
widely
a es ed
in
he
Sla ic
languages,
bu
in
a
bewilde ing
a ay
o
meanings,
sum-
ma ized
as
ollows.
Czech
zu i
(in ansi i e
only,
eplacing
olde
Czech
zuji i
se)
p esen s
a
single
un-
ambiguous
meaning:
‘ age,
be
u ious’
(Poldau
1971:
1213);
‘csupenc Bosa p’
(Pa lo ic
1989:
808),
which
appea s
again
in
he
de i ed
adjec i e
zu i y
‘ aging
[mad],
e ocious,
u ious’
(Poldau ,
loc.
ci .)°.
Acco ding
o
Dybo
(1981:
40)
Li h.
2é is
shows
apophonic
oo
leng h
which
was
gene alized
in
his
oo
as
ea ly
as
Indo-Eu opean.
O he s
posi
a
la yngeal
base
he e.
As
no ed
abo e,
he
o iginal
si ua ion
is
obscu ed
in
Ziau i s
by
a
endency
o
gene alize
ci cum lex
s ems.
I
would
en a i ely
sugges
ha
an
in e media e
Bal ic
s age
*Zeu a-
is
e lec ed
in
Fi
hi ed
‘d ead ul,
igh ul,
ho ible,
hideous’,
which
lacks
an
e ymology
in
bo h
SKES
78
and
SSA
167.
Finnish
h
is
he
expec ed
e lex
o
a
Bal ic
pala al;
conce ning
he
egula
me a hesis
o
-u -
>
- -
in
Finnish,
see
Koi uleh o
(1991:
34).
The
pa e n
example
is
Fi.
ka a
‘hai ’
<
Bal ic
*gau a-
‘id.’
Machek
is
undoub edly
co ec
in
ea ing
Cz.
zu i
( o
*Zu/i )
as
he
esul
o
dissimila ion:
on
he
one
hand,
he
Czech
oo
zu -
is
isola ed
(Machek
sugges s
Slo ak
zu i ’,
zui i ’
is
bo owed
om
Czech),
and
on
he
o he
hand
he e
is
no
Zu -
in
Czech.
Old
Czech
ze i i,
b ough
in o
he
equa ion
by
Holub
(1952:
440),
ha dly
belongs
he e.
112
|
STEVEN
YOUNG
In
Polish
he
now
a chaic
zu zyé
sie
( e lexi e
only)
has
as
i s
co e
meaning
‘be
ang y,
indignan ’,
o ,
ma king
g ea e
in ensi y,
‘ age,
s o m’
(Do oszewski
1968:
1458:
‘gniewaé
sig
na
kogo,
obu zaé
sie,
s ozyé
sig’),
as
in
Czech.
Ka owicz
(1927:
726)
no es
he
addi ional
senses
kwasié
sig
‘become
embi e ed’,
byé
ma ko nym
‘be
gloomy,
sullen’,
and
also
che pic
sie
‘boas ,
b ag’,
nadymaé
sie
‘pu
on
ai s’.
Lowe
So bian
(Mucke
1928,:
1161)
has
bo h
a
ansi i e
Zw i
‘saue
machen;
iibe .
e bi e n,
ce1aTb
KUCJIbIM,
03106/11Tb,
OxKecTOYATD’
and
a
e lexi e
wi h
he
meaning
‘saue
we den;
iibe .
sich
e bi e n;
cKucaTb,
O3106/ATbCA,
THEBATECA,
oxec oua besn’,
hence
essen ially
he
‘gniewaé
sig’
and
‘kwasié
sie’
meanings
ound
in
Polish.
The
Eas
Sla ic
languages
lack
he
‘be
ang y/ u ious’
meaning.
Belo ussian
and
Uk ai-
nian
sha e
a
co e
sense
o
‘g ie e,
be
dis essed’
( e b)
and
‘g ie -s icken,
dis essed’
(adjec i e):
Belo ussian
scyp iuua
‘ pycTuTb,
MewannTbes;
KpyyHHu Ecs’
(A axo ic
1988,:
414);
oeypiiueya
CoB.
3axcypiuoya
‘cKOp6eTb,
IpeqaBaTbca
mesa’
(Noso ié
1870:
158);
Uk ainian
»cypimy,
-10,
-
uu
‘coKpylaTb,
KPyUIMTb,
MeyasHTh’,
#cypluimuca,
-10CA,
-UUICA
“TIeYANMTbCA,
PPYCTHTb,
TOpeBaTb,
KLPYYMHUTbCA,
KPYUIHTbCA;
YHBIBATD’
(Ki i¢éenko
1953:
505).
In
addi ion,
Belo ussian
and
Uk ainian
show
compa able
de e bal
nouns
and
co esponding
adjec i es:
B .
»yp6d,
»yp6dma
(pa3 .)
‘ pycTs,
Tewaslb,
KPyuHHa’,
#cypOdmuol
‘TpyCTHbIM,
Ne abHbIii;
CKOpOHbIi’
(A axo ié
1988:
413);
Uk .
ocypéd
‘neuanb,
pyc s’,
wypmieuil
‘ne anbub ii,
pyc upii ’
(Ki icenko
loc.
ci .).
Uk ainian,
howe e ,
also
p o ides
he
base
om
which
he
e bal
»cypuimu(ca)
is
de i ed:
(Ki iéenko
1953:
506,
s. .
acyp6d)
06.1.
#cypd,
PelK.
acyp
‘Meyamb,
TpycTe’
and
he
co esponding
denominal
adjec i e
»#ypwii
‘nme anbubii,
pycTHbIi ;
COKPYIEHHbIi ’.
The
cen al
meaning
o
Russian
xcypiimo,
-p ,
-piiwe
( ansi i e
only)
is
‘scold’:
‘(pas .)
Hea h
1é kKui
BEITOBOp;
cue ka
OpaHuTE’
(OZego
1989:
199).
The
wo d
seems
o
be
a es ed
no
ea lie
han
A akum’s
Kumue
(1673).
The
e lexi e
o«ypimeca,
-piocb,
-piiueca
is
known
dialec ally
in
he
meanings
o
‘ opeBa s,
lewauTpes’
(sou he n
Russian)
and
‘sopya b,
Opanu sca’,
which
eappea s
in
he
de i ed
ocyp iao,
»xyp iaa
‘g umble ’
(SRNG,,:
231).
As
in
Uk ainian,
dialec al
Rus-
sian also
has
a#o%pneui,
acypnou
‘neyanbub i ’,
al hough
he
base
2#yp
seems
o
be
ab-
sen
in
Russian.
Sou h
Sla ic
in oduces
he
meaning
‘hu y’,
in
Slo ene
(a chaic)
Zi i i
se,
-im,
and
SC
opumu
ce,
which
alongside
i s
co e
meaning
also
shows
(dialec ally)
‘complain’,
which
Pe le a
(1969:
178)
connec s
wi h
he
‘g ie e’
and
( o
non- e lexi es)
‘scold’
meanings
ound
in
Eas
Sla ic.
The
abo e
su ey
sugges s
a
consis en
dis inc ion
be ween
a
Wes
Sla ic
*Zu i i,
which
is
ypically
e lexi e/in ansi i e,
lacks
a
de i ed
noun
Zu bd,
and
cen e s
a ound
he
no ion
o
‘ange ,
age’;
and
he
es
o
Sla ic,
whe e
he
ange
o
meanings
is
mo e
sca e ed,
bu
‘g ie e,
cause
g ie ’
is
ypical,
and
he
de e bal
noun
Zu ba
is
ound
along
wi h
an
appa en ly
unde i ed
base
Zu ,
Zu d.
Among
he
Sla ic
e ymological
dic iona ies
consul ed,
B iickne
(1957:
668)
is
alone
in
linking
he
Polish
zu zyé
sig
wi h
he
Eas
and
Sou h
Sla ic
o ms;
cu iously,
he
seman ically
iden ical
Czech
zu/i
is
no
men ioned.
Machek
(1968:
589
s. .
zu i i)
LITHUANIAN
Ziau us
:
Z é is
|
413
app op ia ely
uni es
he
Czech
and
Polish
o ms
wi hou
men ioning
Eas
and
Sou h
Sla ic,
while
Vasme ,
T ubaée
(1987,:
68
s. .
oypiimo),
Ce nyx
(1993:
309
s. .
ocypime),
and
Mel’nyéuk
(1985:
210
s. .
acypiimu,
xcypimuca)
make
no
e e ence
o
he
Wes
Sla ic
o ms;
he
Eas
and
Sou h
Sla ic
o ms
a e
compa ed
wi h
OI
gho ds
“CTpaliHbIH,
yKACHbIii,
CTPeMHTeIbHBI’
and
Go hic
gau s
‘BosMyuléHHBIi ,
omeyaneHHbli ’
(IEW
453
*ghou- o-s
‘ u ch ba ’,
‘ olle
Fu ch ’).
Ce nyx,
while
con-
ceding
ha
he
oo
is
e ymologically
unclea
(Mel’nyéuk
ag ees)
and
ha
he
mean-
ings
in
he
mode n
Sla ic
languages
a e
qui e
di e gen ,
en u es
ha
he
olde
mean-
ing
o
he
Russian
e m
was
‘cause
someone
g ie ’,
‘upse
someone’,
whence
also
‘ ush’
and
‘wo y’.
Bal ic
*gu -,
wi h
he
gene al
meaning
o
‘impo e ishmen ’,
may
also
belong
he e
(Topo o
1979:
346
.,
s. .
gu ins
‘OexHpii ’).
This
lea es
us
wi h
he
ques-
ion
o
he
o igin
o
he
Wes
Sla ic
o ms.
Fo
Lowe
So bian
Zwi
‘saue
machen,
iibe .
e bi e n’,
Zw i
se
‘saue
we den,
iibe .
sich
e bi e n’
and
o
he
occasional
meaning
‘kwasié¢
sie’
o
he
co espond-
ing
Polish
e b,
a
solu ion
is
sugges ed
by
Mucke’s
no e
accompanying
he
o mally
co esponding
adjec i e
Zu iwy
(compa able
o
Czech
zu i y)
‘wide se zlich;
ynpsMbli ...”:
“abg.
.
Zu ”,
ha
is,
de i ed
om
he
widesp ead
Wes
Sla ic
wo d
o
a
sou
mash
used
o
soup
o
b ead,
he
gene ally
accep ed
sou ce
o
which
is
MHG
su
‘sou ’.
The
e b
Zu is
may
ei he
be
a
di ec
de i a i e
o
LSo.
Zw;
o
he
o iginal
meaning
o
he
e b
may
ha e
been
ex ended
om
‘be
ang y’
o
‘be
sou ,
bi e ’
h ough
a
olk-e ymological
associa ion
wi h
Zu .
B ickne
o e s
no
e ymology
o
zu zyé
sie.
Machek
sees
Czech
zu/i i
(se)
and
Po-
lish
zu zyé
sie
as
de i ing
om
an
ea lie
* z-ju i i
(he
adduces
Pol.
ju zyé
sie
‘ ly
in o
a
age’,
‘ ume,
s o m’,
Uk .
xasopumuca
‘ge
ang y’)
h ough
a
alse
b eak
(* -zju i i
)
and
Z-
om
he
sequence
zj-.
Al hough
he
seman ics
a e
sugges i e,
he
compa ison
canno
be
upheld:
he
wo d
seems
no
o
know
a
p e ix
z-
o
-
(mode n
Czech
uses
only
na-,
oz-,
y-,
za-
wi h
his
oo ).
Mo e
impo an ly,
he
pala aliza ion
o
z+j
ac oss
a
p e ix- oo
mo pheme
bounda y
is
no
expec ed
a
such
a
la e
s age
in
Sla ic
(al hough
+j
>
¢
is
ound
in
e.g.
Russ.
oxymumoca
<
om+iomumeca
:
Li h.
jads i,
jus i;
Vasme ,
T ubaée
1987,
179).
In
ac ,
he
e ymology
o
he
o he wise
isola ed
Wes
Sla ic
*Zu i i
(se)
is,
om
ou
newly-gained
Bal ic
pe spec i e,
clea :
i
is
a
denominal
e b
om
he
same
base
as
Li h.
Ziau is
‘c uel’,
in
Sla ic
e ms
*g”eu -
>
*ziou -
>
*Zu -,
he
Schwebeablau
o m
o
*g’wé -
‘wild
animal’.
Indeed
his
connec ion
was
p ecociously
hi
upon
by
Jose
Jungmann
in
his
1839
Slo nik
éesko-némecky
(1839:
793)
unde
he
lemma
ye
zu i y,
whe e
he
no es
“c .
zwé#.”
In
i s
de i a ional
seman ics,
Wes
Sla ic
*Zu -
(<
*g"eu -)
:
Zu i i
(se)
is
analogous
o
Russ.
ceupensiii
:
ceupencmeogamb,
o ,
using
a
e
C .
B ickne
(1957:
668):
zu —
niemiecka
nazwa
‘kisielu’;
od
15.
wieku
ogélne,
p zeje e
na
calym
Zachodzie
s owianskim
(u
nas,
S owiencéw,
Czechow,
Luzyczan),
a
od
nas
na
Rusi;
z
niem.
si
(dzis
saue )
‘kis y’.
G ina eckiené
(1975:
174-5)
ea s
B .
acyp
‘OBCAHDbIi
KHCeb’
asa
bo owing
om
he
Bal ic
sou ce
o
Li h.
Zi i é,
Zi i a
and
La .
Zii a,
Zi e,
a guing
ha
he
Bal ic
o ms
ha e
he
b oade
seman ic
ange
and
a e
he e o e
o iginal.
Bu
his
a gumen
does
no
ake
in o
accoun
he
p esence
o
Zu
in
Polish,
Uppe
and
Lowe
So bian,
Czech,
and
e en
Slo ene,
whe e
i
canno
possibly
ep esen
a
bo owing
om
Bal ic.

114
|
STEVEN
YOUNG
close
o mal
analogy
(a
e lexi e
-umb
e b),
Russ.
6ec
:
6ecumoca.
Alongside
he
e b
*Zu i i
(se),
Wes
Sla ic
has
appa en ly
los
he
o iginal
base
p ese ed
in
Li huanian
Ziau is,
a
phenomenon
no
unknown
in
he
his o y
o
Bal o-Sla ic
(e.g.,
Sl.
* oka
‘hand’
:
Li h.
anka
:
ink i
‘ga he ’
:
Sl.
* e e e
[Russ.
pmyme]
‘me cu y’
:
Li h.
is i
:
i an -
‘ oll’).
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Young
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2002
11
24
Depa men
o
Mode n
Languages
Uni e si y
o
Ma yland
Bal imo e
Coun y
1000
Hill op
Ci cle
Bal imo e,
MD
21250,
USA
[email p o ec ed]