Rašybos norminimo apraiškos „Ewangelie polskie y litewskie“ 1647 ir 1674 metų leidimuose

ACTA LINGUISTICA LITHUANICA XLIX (2003), 51-59 The graphemics of two editions (1647 and 1674) of Jonas Jaknavicius’ Ewangelie polskie y litewskie. The graphemics of two editions (1647 and 1674) of Jonas Jaknavicius’ Ewangelie polskie y litewskie. The graphemics of two editions (1647 and 1674) of Jonas Jaknavicius’ Ewangelie polskie y litewskie. The differences between them reflect the author’s endeavours to arrive at a more consistent orthography. Such features are discussed as: the use of individual graphemes, the rendering of the diphthongoids in /m/, /n/, that of the diphthongs |au/, /uo/, ail, Jei], lui], and the use of the superscript macron to mark a postvocalic nasal. Elements of an established orthographical usage can be discerned in the use of “a pochylone”, the use of <w > to mark the second element of the diphthong |au/, and the spelling of individual lexemes and proper names. Direct influence of the Polish source text on these corrections is not evident. New in the 1674 edition is the use of the nasal abbreviations é, i, 6. Changes connected with the use of types reflect the intervention of proof-readers, perhaps of the printer himself. The 1679 and 1690 editions do not markedly differ from the 1674 edition, and the corrections introduced in the latter evidently maintained themselves until 1705, when the Ewangelie were rewritten in a Western Lithuanian language variety. 1. IVADAS The alphabets and spelling used by individual authors have been studied by many scholars of ancient Lithuanian writing, the most comprehensive overview has been given by Jonas Palionis. This review deals with the alphabet as a system of characters and with the principles of writing, namely on what basis individual characters were used, although the two are closely related (Palionis 1967: 19). In recent years, spelling has also been treated in a similar way: the term spelling is called graphic and orthographic. Graphics is understood as a system of drawing marks used in writing to represent phonemes of language and speech sounds, and orthography is the principles and rules of use of these marks (Michelini 2000: 44). This article reviews some graphic and orthographic differences between the 1647 and 1674 editions of Janas Jaknavičius’s Ewangelie polskie y litewskie (hereinafter —Evangelia). Thus, we will talk about the differences in alphabet and spelling, which arose as a result of corrections made by the editors, proofreaders, publishers during the preparation of the 1674 edition of the Gospels. It has been established that in Jaknavičius’ Gospels (1647, 1674, 1679 and 1690), as well as in Slavočinski’s hymnbook of 1646 and in part in the translation of the Bellarmine Catechism, the Sirvydas alphabet was used. The spelling of vowels relied mainly on the background- hn ro MILDA LUCINSKIENE was written according to the morphological principle, while the consonants of Sirvydas (Daukša, Kleino) and thus Jaknavičius were written according to the morphological principle (Palionis 1995: 28-30). The orthography of these publications is similar, but its inconsistency is due to the fact that the same phoneme was represented by several letters or combinations of letters, and vice versa — the same letter represented more than one phoneme or its variant (Michelini 2000: 44). 2. ANALYSIS OF CORRECTIONS One of the most common differences in spelling is the substitution of a for d (about 2500 examples)! and vice versa (about 100 examples): (i) a —a: JE, karalifte 2,, —JE,, Kdrdlifte 2,; JE,,Pranafio 4,,—JE, Pranafo 4,; JE, paraffin 4, —JE,, paraffin 5;; JE, pafakie 5,,—JE, pafakie 6,,; JE,,apJakidamas 7 —JE, apJakidamas 8; JE, wadina 9, —JE, wading 10; JE, wafara 2, —JE, wafara 2. The letter d was used in the Gospels, Petkevičius’ Catechism, Morkūnas’ Postilas (Zinkevičius 1988: 198, 203), Klein’s grammars, the Book of the Church (Jakulytė 2001: 73)°. This frequent acute accent on the di is due to the influence of the Polish character used for the vowel "a pochylone" on the Lithuanian text. It is known that the orthography of the old texts of the 16th and 17th centuries was not uniform and each printing press had its own tendency to use different scripts. This non-uniform notation of vowels in Samogltosek pochylonych creates difficulties when distinguishing language facts from spelling. There was no institution in Poland that could have instructed the printing houses to adopt a more uniform spelling (Birkenmajer 1971: 230). In the 17th century in Poland itself there were a lot of cases of incorrect spelling of a and d, this tendency was especially intensified in the first half of the 18th century, when d was used much more frequently and without following any norms, so the same word, the same form was written with a somewhere and with di elsewhere (Klemensiewicz 1985: 287). Palionis has pointed out that in the second part of Sirvydas’s PS, “a pochylone” is more frequent and that “[it] has no phonological or prosodic meaning” (Palionis 1979: 21). Since this part of the PS was prepared for the press by Jaknavičius, it is likely that he used this script more often than Sirvydas. JE,, the vowel a in the long or short syllable, and sometimes even all the vowels a in the word, marked with the acute sign. Sometimes the same words JE, were written twice, for example, very often 4 is written in the adjective pronouns mano, tavo, savo; The spelling of these pronouns varies as follows: /awo —98x, fawo —62x; hand —84x, hand —31x; tao —32x,! The comparative analysis of JE and JE | teksty was assisted by computer- -aided concordance of the word forms of these releases. They were prepared by the Lithuanian Language Institute employees Milda Lučinskienė and Vytautas Zinkevičius (programmer), under the direction of Saulius Ambraz, in accordance with the “1996-2005 Programme for the Use and Education of the State Language of the Republic of Lithuania”, financed by the State Lithuanian Language Commission to the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. 2 More about the use of d In the book nobaznystés writes D. Jakulyté. The Gospel of John | 53 tawo —54x. Especially often “a pochylone” is written in the word rare —145x (but there is also tare —83x), ira —47x (ira —120x). It may be assumed that to JE, the editor, such use of the letter “a pochylone” seemed normal: the society had already approved such a letter (grammar and other old writings- ), it was considered correct” (after all, the so carefully reviewed Gospel of Matthew was written in 1500). ta (ii) a —a (100x): JE, ataius 15, —JE,, dtaius 17,,; JE,, kad 28 JE, Tai 31, —JE,, Tay 34,; JE, waykieli 10,—JE, waykieli 11.. — YES, when 31; 20 JE, „a pochylone“ is used 286 times, but the JE,, author used this character almost ten times more often (2865x). This reverse correction illustrates the process of stabilization of the rate. 2.2. Use of RaSmenu /, s and // In the Grand Duchy of Lithuania alphabet, as in Polish, the grapheme s had two allographs: s was traditionally written at the end of the word, and /— in the middle of the word. The following examples show how the spelling of s and /, /f between vowels varied in Jaknavičius’ Gospels. The most unsettled was //writing. Unlike East Prussian Lithuanian scripts, which were written in German, in LDK scripts (mostly Catholic publications), as in Polish scripts of the time, only / was doubled. In East Prussian writings, this diphthongation was usually used to indicate the shortness of the vowel before the diphthongated consonant (Palionis 1995: 31). It is believed that the dualization of scripts was mainly influenced by the originals (Palionis 1967: 48). However, the principle of consistency was not maintained, as often the same authorization in one word alternated [ir ff (see gal. JE wifu 77, „ir JE,„wi/fu 129,,). (i) Jf —J (23x): JE, išg wiffo 119,, —JE, i5g wifo 125,,; JE, Tdffay 169,. — JE,, Tafay 175; JE, i358 iuffu 203, —JE, išg iufu 209; JE, iiffay 158, —JE., iifay 163. [= Jf (10x): JE, efi 61, —JE, effi 66 tafay 166, —JE. taffay 171,. JI —s (4x): JE, knigoffe 69, —JE, knigose 75; JE, anaffay 150, —JE. dndsay 155... Js = J (2x): IF, no tikiefsite 161, —IF, no tikiefites 166 [= fs (2x): IF, iffilled 2,, —IF, iffilled 3,,. J —s (5x): I, afliciu 53, —I, asli¢iu 58,; JE verifiaofius 17 19 13? JE, wiffas 148, —JE, wiffas 153,; JE, 10? 16-17° ja 3224 —JE,, wiriausius 15* (ii) s —J (5x): JE, swieciimu 13,, —JE,, fwiečimu 14 dunguofe 182, „„ JE,, dunguose 176,, —JE, # This understanding of the norm is presented in the book Encyklop19? edia wiedzy o ksigzce and by the researcher M. Cybulski, who analyzes the language of 17th-century Polish texts (Cybulski 1992: 17). 54 | MILDA LUČINSKIENĖ (iii) Js —JJ (13x): JE, efsi 51,, = JE, effi 56,(6x); JE„wifsi 89, —JE wiffi 94,,(5x): JE, ifsigundo 59,,,, —JE, iffigundo 64,. From the analysis of differences between JE, and JE,, based on computer concordance data, it was determined that quantitatively the characters / and ff are distributed equally in these editions, but some differences in their usage principles were observed. In the translation of J.D. klm. iufu was written only with single /(46x), and in the part attributed to the unknown editor — vice versa, only with double ff (14x). Since, as already mentioned, the doubled consonant was usually written after the short vowel, in this case JE,, the editor "corrected" the inconsistency of the spelling of JE "and chose a variant that at the time could be perceived as normative — namely iufu. The editor’s attempt to “normalize” the text would also be shown by the editing of the digraph /5 in the word e/si: JE, this word form is recorded 19 times, effi — only 1x (102,), and JE,, efsi is already half less (9x) and effi (8x) increases accordingly. After examining the usage of [ir /f in JE, the Polish original, it became clear that the digraph // is used 6x and only in real names (JE,, Ndaffona 143,.; JE, Ieffego 143, JE,,Manaffes 144, „). Thus, in this case we can talk about the tradition of Lithuanian writing, which was not directly influenced by the specific Polish original. (iv) f > 3 (12x)*: JE, Pharifeufkams 69,—-70, —JE,, Pharizeufams 75 Iphicrates 143,, —JE,, Isaac 148, (2x); JE, Ierufalem 60 (2x); JE, Iefus 53,, —JE,, IE3us 57,, (1x). 17-18 (5x); JE, JE,, Jerusal- — em 65 10-11 11-12 These corrections show that the phoneme /z/ in rare cases in non-Lithuanian JE, was marked by the grapheme /: JE, Pharifeuffas is written 5x, and Phari3(5)- euf; as —14x; Jeruphalem —2x, Jerusalem —8x; Iefus JE —1x, or IE3us —192x; 2x. However, JE,, precisely these lexems with the grapheme /"are no longer present — the grapheme j is consistently written. Although corrected, but not completely uniform JE_, only the spelling of the words I/(5)raelo and Ierof(3)olima. Thus, we can talk about the editor's attempt to arrange the spelling of non-Lithuanian real names. 2.3. the combination of a, u, e, i + m, n and o + m JE “abbreviations were not abundant in the Lithuanian text: a was written 14 times, while ū — only 5 times, the characters 7, ė, 0 were not used at all. In the Polish text of these Gospels, abbreviated letters are written more frequently: @ —33x, ė —8x, 0 -7x, i —only 1x. In the middle of the word above the letter was usually written a dashed dash (circumflex sign), and at the end of the word — straight, often with this character JE, the line ended (15x) or the word after the abbreviated letter was moved to the next line (7x)°. Such abbreviated letters were also written in other ancient scripts, for example, Wol- *—JE, majgot 56, (1x) —JE,,mdjgot 61, “. 5 In the word Evangelija JE "the abbreviated a is not written, since the second edition (mostly in titles) this letter is written 3x (Ewagelia), the word is abbreviated Ewa 9x. EWANGELIE POLSKIE Y LITEWSKIE WRITING NORMATIONS | 55 fenbiettel postilėje when the text had to (1573), fit in a limited format rectangle (Gelumbeckaitė 2000: 184). Thus, such an abbreviated letter with a diacritic marked two sounds. This tradition of marking originated in manuscript writing, when people tried to shorten words and individual syllables in a hurry and to save time (Birkenmajer 1971: 2-3). (i) un, um —i (16x): JE, dungaus 86, —JE,, dūgaus 91; JE,atlunkie 116,, —JE., attitkie 122; JE, mums 71, —JE, mis 77; JE, pardaweiump 154, —JE,, pardaweiūp am, 159,.; an — a (11x): JE, for pupils 127 ; — JE,, mokitinias 133 Yeah, take 92.5. JE, oman 189,, —JE, ora 196;; JE,,Gospel 6 im — i (3x): JE, fawimp 121 , . — JE,, fawip 127 148, ; om —O (2x): JE, dienoms 146,, —JE, dienos 151; en —ė (1x): JE, talentu 127, —JE, talétu 133. (ii) @ —am (10x): JE, pafkuciaufia 34,) —JE, pdfkuciaufiam 37, JE_vntra 58, = JE, vatram 63,; JE, ia 25, —JE, iam 27; JE, kuria 61, —JE,, kuriam 66.; JE, pupil 86,, —JE, pupil 92,,,; ū —um, un (4x): JE, fkayčiū 49, —JE, fkayčium 53; JE, mis 155 —JE, mums 159,,; JE, dūgui 209; — JE,, dungui iš 216. JE, iam 86 1 — 18-19 => JE, Ewagelia True 143, pp. 143. pagide 14? 13° A ar straight, slightly curved line above the letters a, e, i, u ir 0 marked the lack m ar n of letters. In the Middle Ages, this was especially common for the missing letter m in the combinations am, em, um (Cappelli 1967: xxiii—xxiv). These abbreviated letters are used only for nasal sounds, although nasal sounds are not graphically represented in these editions of the Gospels. The analysis of the spelling of the writings of that time shows that the “nasal” two-character letters of one form or another were used in many cases to mark true nasal vowels and were used based on the phonetic principle (Palionis ar ir mi 1967: 45). In the Gospels, as ir In Sirvydas writings, successively am, an, em, is in several cases: em, must communicate en with its derivative verbs, in the present past en participle of which these ir diphthongs break down; has a switch tų idant; am, an, em, is retained in proper and ar common names of non-Lithuanian origin (Morkūnas 1967: 140-142). an en Iš the examples provided clarify the JE , editor's inclination to compounds am, an, um, un, substitution examples (14x). Thus, from JE,, compounds en, im ir om to indicate additionally introduced abbreviations č, f ir 6, they are usually written at the end of a line by moving the ar word to the next į line. It is not excluded that the printer shortened a line of text at his discretion and therefore collected an abbreviation. ją ir 2.4. Diphthong [au], [uo] spelling in Sirvydo alphabet the spell marked u the sounds u ir ū; v was written to mark the short vowel at the u beginning o of the word, double w — sound v (Palionis 1967: 36, 40). Nors Sirvydo alphabet was based on JE ir IF,,, but the examples iš already given show that sometimes these 56 | MILDA LUČINSKIENĖ letters were confused. The sound [u] JE, usually represented by the letter v (JE, vbagay 197,,; JE _viweyidetoias 23.,,; JE,,vličiu 89,,) at the beginning of the word, only once at the end (JE, /akav 183,,)*, sometimes by the letter u (4x) (JE„uffwiro 119,; JE, unt (2x) 50,,, 131,,; 209, 209a (209b). Write w JE, Zymi sound [u] at the end of the word, except taw and faw", only once (JE, fakaw 208*,,) and JE,, already edited. The grapheme w is used fairly consistently for the sound [v] at the beginning of the word in both editions of the Gospels. (i) w, v and u at the end of a word (rarely in the middle of a word): w —u (31x): JE, taw 43, —JE,, tau 46, (20x); JE, fakaw 208,,—JE,, fakau 215 u —w (2x): JE, auksciaufieii 61,, —JE,, duksciawfieii 66,,; Yeah, bit 90, bit 96. (ii) w,v ir u at the beginning of the word: u —v (13x): JE, unt 50,,—JE, vnt 54, (4x); JE, ANuo 24, —JE, ANVO 26,; v =u (8x): JE, vnt 37, —JE, unt 40,, (3x); 106, no. 106. 112_; v => w (3x): JE, Vat 31, —JE, Wnt 34: JE, volakti 113, —JE,, wolakti 119 vogas 99, —JE., wuogas 104,,. 16° 9-20 5-10 7? JE, JE, Some of the JE,, editor's 15? spelling principles can be identified from the differences presented: 1) an effort is made to abandon the letter w, which denotes the short vowel [vu] in the diphthong [au], usually in monosyllabic words tau and sau (JE, taw 42x; JE, faw 3x). JE, taw is written twice less often —22x and only 1x faw * —so there is an effort to move to a more consistent and simpler spelling, although the spelling of these words is not completely uniform; 2) JE, and JE,,, except for the above pronouns, the compound aw is not written in one syllable, except for 1x in the part not attributable to Jaknavičius (JE,, fakaw 208,), but this JE,, is not left; 3) edited the variants of the prefix on unt, vnt and wnt, but these corrections are not essential, because in both editions the variant vat (JE., 266x) prevails, and the other two can be considered as “random” cases —unt (JE,, 3x), wnt (JE,,2x); 4) JE,, before the letter o, which denotes the diphthong uo, v (8x; Ix —w) is added in all cases. JE, this spelling is retained, only in a few cases the editor changes the adjective v to w. It is not clear whether this is a reflection of the dialect (such adding of v is still preserved in the southern and larger part of the eastern Highland dialect (Zinkevičius 1966: 188), or just a matter of spelling. 2.5 The spelling of the diphthongs [ai], [ei], [ui] is JE, and the combinations JE, [a, e, u + i] are noted in two ways: with i or y in the second element. Based on the analysis of the changes and on the data of the inverse concordance of word forms, it was found that JE, the grapheme y in the diphthongs ai, ei, ui is written up to six times more often than the grapheme i. 6 JE, there was not one case of using the letter v to mark the sound [4] in the middle of the word. . This form is recorded once in an additionally added pericope (JE, 166-167). EVANGELIE POLSKIE Y LITEWSKIE RASYBOS NORMINIMAS | 57 ai —ay (98x): JE, vbagai 3,, —JE. vbagay 4; JE kurfai 4 —JE, kurfay 5; JE kaip 83 045 105, = JE. Loss 8, 69. 110: JE, pdfnikais 15,, —JE, pd[nikays 17,; ay —ai (8x): JE kurfay 47, —JE, kurfai 51; JE _ kietweriopay 201, | —JE, kietweriopay 207, „; JE priefinikay 205,,,. —JE, priefinikai 212; ei —ey (28x): JE, funkiei 25, —JE,, funkiey 28: JE, erfikieciei 35 39,; JE, wagiei 209, —JE,, wagiey 216, ey —ei (10x): JE, ifieydis 84, —JE. iffeidis 90,; 1877. pp. 187. reikia 193; ui —uy (3x): JE, Diewui 15, —JE, Diewuy 17,; uy —wi (1x): JE, pafkuy 201,, —JE, pd [kui 208,. 7 18-19 —> JE, erGkiečiey JE,, the editor also tried to mark the second element of these diphthongs with the grapheme y. Examples of the opposite change (JE, a, e, u +y = JE. a, e, u +i) are six times fewer, so it is possible to assume that the spelling of these grapheme, although not uniformized, but the spelling principle of writing these diphthongs with the grapheme y is clear. In general, the short i is replaced by the long y (ygreku) as many as 140 times (89 times corrected at the end of the word, 51 times in the middle), and reverse editing is only found in 19 cases. The Polish orthography also influenced the writing of the words: at the beginning of the word in Polish it was usually written i (iako A 9), at the end of the word y (smutney J 3), before the consonants the grapheme y was also written consistently (bogoboyney P 12) (Książek-- Brytowa 1976: 341). In this way, compounds in the same syllable (with y) were marked both JE and JE, 2.6. In the system of letters used by K. Sirvydas, the sound [š] was marked by the letter f (in Latin antiquity printed texts — /ž and 5) and § (marked with this letter and soft s). 5 —Jz (22x): JE, aufįtunt 11, —JE,, aufztunt 12.; JE, Wiefpaties 14, |. —JE,, Wiefzpaties 16, ‘; JE, siefitos 30, —JE,, Siafztos 32,,; JE, fwétes 208,, —JE,, fzwētes 215,. § = f (7x): JE,, duusios 202, —JE,, dufjios 208,,,, (5x); JE,, parasinetus 8, —JE, parafiynetus 9; JE, sieyminos 31,, —JE, feyminos 35,,; 5 —s (7x): JE, fwintos 55,, —JE, swentos 60, (2x); JE, vimufs 95, —JE,, vimus 101; JE, fyrdis 209, —JE, širdis 216 _.. When talking about the replacement of 5 Jz, we should pay attention to the fonts used for JE, and JE. JE, the Polish and Lithuanian texts are compiled by the Gothic Schwabacher"", the Polish headings —by the Latin antiqua, and the Lithuanian headings and pericopes in the text are shown in fig. Note also the following corrections: 5 —53 (1x: JE, wiefipaties 41, —JE,, Wiesspdties 45. „); Jz —f (1x: JE, Scythians 4,,..—JE, Scythians 5); z —$ (1x: JE, Szwgtes 209, —JE, swigtes 216,.). "" The Gothic swabacher spread quickly and was used in many countries in the 16th and 17th centuries. Interestingly, the Schwabacher was most often used in texts printed in national languages (Polish, Lithuanian, etc.), Latin texts were usually collected in antiqua (Kawecka-Gryczowa 1982: 220). In this article, the term Schwabacher is used based on the encyclopedic dictionary of book history (Kaunas 1997: 360). 58 | MILDA LUČINSKIENĖ provided concomitant variants of lexicons —in Latin antiqua italics". JE,, the Polish text has already been revised in Latin antiqua, the Lithuanian one is still compiled in Gothic script, and the titles of the passages in both texts are highlighted in Latin antiqua in italics. The difference analysis revealed that the ligature f was replaced by the digraph Jz (22x) JE,, only in the titles of the pericopy. It turned out that the ligature 5 JE was used only in Gothic Schwabacher and Latin antiqua italics (there was no z (Jz), only 3), thus only in Lithuanian headings. Here we should also mention the four cases where JE, in the adjacent variants compiled in Latin antiqua italic, the grapheme z, JE,, is changed to, because the selected variant is already compiled in Gothic swabacher, which does not have the pressing z (JE, vžleios 27,,—JE, viteios 30,,; JE, ažurawgie 30, —JE, ajuraugie 34). Thus, 27 years after the first edition, not only the font of the Polish text and the titles of the passages were changed, but apparently the printing press of the Vilnius Academy was also changed- ." It is likely that for this reason, the ligature f was no longer present in the press case of the Latin antiquity italics and was therefore replaced by two letters Jz. 12 3. CONCLUSIONS Although there are still inconsistencies and variations in the alphabet and orthography, there are already attempts to standardize the text, move to more stable characters and spelling principles. In a fairly consistent way, following the tradition of Polish printed scripts, the diacritical character „a pochylone“ is used, which could already be perceived by the printing press proofreader as a standard variant. The correction of the spelling of the word iufu, the w for the short vowel [vu] in the diphthong au, and some real names also shows the application of certain established rules. These amendments have not directly affected the specific Polish original. Thus, in the Gospels from JE,, the abbreviated letters ė, 7 and O were added to mark the combinations en, im and om. The corrections related to the fonts testify to the contribution of the printing press proofreader or even the printer himself to the text. Since the Gospels reprinted in 1679 and 1690 differed only slightly from the 1674 edition (Lučinskienė 2001: 117-128), we can assume that these corrections were established until the 1705 edition, when these Gospels were rewritten in the western written language version. '' Latin antiqua, slightly inclined to the right, was called italic or italic. Such italics were used to distinguish individual words in the text or parts of the text collected in antiquity (Kawecka- -Gryczowa 1982: 221). 2 1. Petrauskienė points out that 1633-1652 was the most productive period of the Vilnius Academy- ’s printing press. “The situation improved especially after 1666, apparently after the purchase of new printing presses and fonts” (Petrauskienė 1976: 41). The fact that the Jesuits of the Vilnius Academy were concerned about the quality of the printed materials is also shown by the decree issued after August 28, 1634 by the Lithuanian Jesuit Provincial M. Lenčickis concerning the printing of publications in the Vilnius Academy printing press and their distribution. In one of the points it is stated that some of the payment taken for printing must remain “for the restoration and renewal of prints that are easily erased and for their repairing a lot of money is needed” (Petrauskienė 1992: 251). EWANGELIE POLIE Y LITEWSKIE RAŠYBOS NORMINIMAS | 59 SUTRUMPINIMAI JE,,-[Jonas Jaknavičius] EWANGELIE POLIE Y LITEWSKIE SO NIEŽELNE iško y visiting worlds, which in the Catholic Church, according to the Roman order throughout the year read. Published with permission of [tdrfiych. in Vilnius. In Drukarniey Akademiey soc. lesv Roku /1647. JE,, -[Jonas Jaknavi¢ius]| Gospel of John. So SUNDAY is the day of all the saints, which in the Catholic church, according to the Roman calendar, is read throughout the year. WILN/E. Typis Academicis soc: IESV. 1674. PS -[Konstantinas Sirvydas,] points kazan NA POST WIELKI I¢3ykiem Litewlkiem by W. X. 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