ACTA
LINGUISTICA
LITHUANICA
LI
(2004),
45
-
48
The
Bal o-Sla ic
da i e
complemen
wi h
he
e b
‘ o
be’
WILLIAM
R.
SCHMALSTIEG
Pennsyl ania
S a e
Uni e si y
I
is
sugges ed
in his
pape
ha
he
da i e
complemen
wi h
he
e b
‘ o
be’
in
Bal ic
and
Sla ic
in ini i al
clauses
ul ima ely
goes
back
o
he
IE
da i e
o
pu pose
also
a es ed
in
Old
Indic
and
o he
IE
languages.
Hol oe
(2004:
80
and
passim)
demons a es
ha
in
such
a
La ian
sen ence
as:
(1)
Lagsim
inu
a i
Sodien
bii
miisu
iesim.
“Le
us ask
him
acc
o
be
ou
gues
Da
oday
as
well’
he da i e
complemen
o
bi
‘ o
be’
is
e ymologically
mo e
ancien
han
he
possible
use
o
an
ins umen al
in
syn ac ically
simila
clauses
in
Li huanian
(and
Sla ic).
I
p opose
ha
e ymologically
his
La ian
cons uc ion
e lec s
a
sub ype
o
he
‘double
da i e’
o
‘da i e
o
pu pose’.
This
sen ence
migh
hen
be
in e p e ed
as
o iginally
meaning
‘Le
us
ask
him
in
o de
ha
(so
ha )
he
migh
become
ou
gues
oday
as
well’.
Le
us
conside
some
o he
examples
which
Hol oe
o e s:
(John
1:12)
...
2axe
ad ois
2Eouc ay
éx a
Seo
ye éo9a
is
ansla ed
in o
Old
Chu ch
Sla ic
as:
(2)
__...das bimp las e
éedom
bziemb
pa
by i
(Codex
Ma ianus)
*... o
hem
ga e
he
powe
o
become
he
sons o
God...’
(King
James
e sion
ansla ion).
No e
ha
ye éo9a
‘ o
become’
is
ansla ed
by
OCS
by i
which
he eby
e ains
he
Indo-
Eu opean
meaning
o
he
oo
*bhii-
‘ o
become,
o
come
in o
exis ence,
o
begin
o
exis ’.
I
in e p e
he
OCS
cons uc ion
also
as a
‘double
da i e’
o
‘da i e
o
pu pose’
and
an
al e na i e
ansla ion
o
his
migh
be
‘he
ga e
hem
powe
in
o de
ha
hey
migh
become
sons
o
God’.
No e
also
he
Old
Russian
exp ession:
(3)
Ona
Ze
ucaSe
syna
s oego
by i
x is ijanu
which
Hol oe
(2004:
80),
om
whom
I
ha e
he
example,
ansla es
as:
‘She,
howe e ,
augh
he
son
acc
o
be
a
Ch is ian
pa ’.
I
could
unde s and
his
also
as
‘She
augh
he
son,
so
ha
he
migh
become
a
Ch is ian’.
The
double
da i e
o
da i e
o
pu pose
is
well
ep esen ed
in
many
Indo-Eu opean
languages
and
acco ding
o
Amb azas
(1981:
20-21)
is
a
e lec ion
o
he
double
46
|
WILLIAM
R.
SCHMALSTIEG
da i e
wi h
e bal
abs ac s.
Haud y
(1977:
105)
w i es:
,,Le
ype
ind dya
pa a e
(‘pou
qu’Ind a
boi e’)
es
cons i ué
d’un
subs an i
o dinai e
(la
plupa
du
emps,
mais
non
obliga oi emen ,
un
nom
pe sonnel)
e
d’un
nom
e bal
(nom
d’ac ion
ou
in ini i );
le
lien
en e
le
p emie
e
le
second
es
celui
d’un
suje
a
un
p édica :
ind aya
pa a e.“
Conce ning
he
Old
Indic
ype
aya
hdn a e
‘pou
ue
V a’
Haud y
w i es (1977:
105-106):
,,...mémes
cons i uan s,
le
subs an i
o dinai e
é an
quelconque;
le
lien
es
celui
d’un
obje
a
un
e be
ansi i ...
Na u ellemen ,
ce
exemple
peu
é e
in e p é é
ho s
con ex e
selon
le
ype
p écéden
‘pou
que
V a
ue’:
exp ession
es
donc
ambigue.“
Simila
g amma ical
ambigui y
exis s
in
Li huanian.
Thus:
(4)
Jis
nupi ko
li i q
ka éms
es i
o mally
could
mean
ei he :
(4a)
‘He
bough
a
lion
o
ea
he
cows
DAT
OF
GOAL’
o
(4b)
‘He
bough
a
lion
o
he
cows
pa
suBI o
ea .’
Likewise
he
sen ence
(5)
Jis
nu edé
Jong
banginiui
és i
(Sa)
‘He
b ough
Jonah
o
ea
he
whale
Da
OF
GOAL’
o
(5b)
‘He
b ough
Jonah
o
he
whale
pa
susj
o
ea ’.
Acco ding
o
P o .
Vy au as
Amb azas
in
his
le e
o
1996-03-19
he
ambigui y
can
only
be
esol ed
by
con ex .
Now
da i e
wi h
an
in ini i e
(Li h.)
ba i,
(La .)
bi ,
(Sla ic)
by i
deno ing
‘ o
become’
migh
be
unde s ood
ei he
as
he
subjec
o
he
complemen .
The
o iginal
da i e
o
pu pose
meaning
is
illus a ed
in
sen ences
(1),
(2)
and
(3)
abo e
and
pe haps
also
in
he
u he
La ian
examples
gi en
by
Hol oe
(2004:
79):
(6)
kas
aiskawe
manni
k is i am
ap
‘wha
do h
hinde
me
acc
o
be
bap ized
pa ’,
which
I
could
unde s and
as
‘wha
hinde s
me
so
ha
I
migh
be
bap ized’
and
(7)
unwinsch
pawehleja
eem
k is i eem
ap
eeksch
a
Kunga
Wah da
‘and
he
commanded
hem
pa
o
be
bap ized
in
he
name
o
he
Lo d’
which
I
could
in e p e
as
‘and
he
commanded
ha
hey
should
be
bap ized
(in
o de
o
bap ize
hem)
in
he
name
o
he
Lo d’.
THE
DATIVE
COMPLEMENT
WITH
‘TO
BE’
|
47
A
some
poin
he
da i e
sp ead
om
he
pu pose
clauses
o
become
wha
Hol oe
(2004:
77-78)
e ms
‘a
syn ac ic
de aul ’
case
in
such
sen ences
as
La .
(8)
Pa ikamii
bi
aks niekam
‘I
is
pleasan
o
be
a
w i e ’
and
(9)
Valodas
ini
cen as
a as
ci s
ci a
ajakas
ie as,
kas
os
piespieda
bii
uzmanigiem.
‘In
hei
alk
hey
a emp ed
o
disco e
each
o he ’s
weak
spo s,
which
compelled
hem
acc
o
be
ca e ul
pa .’
Pe haps
i
is
on
he
basis
o
jus
such
sen ences
as
(9)
which
can
almos
be
in e p e ed
as
a
pu pose
clause
(‘ ha
hey
migh
be
ca e ul,
ha
hey
should
be
ca e ul,
in
o de
o
hem
o
be
ca e ul’)
which
led
o
he
sp ead
o
he
e ymological
da i e
o
pu pose
beyond
i s
o iginal
seman ic
bo de s.
I
should
u he
be
ema ked
ha
he
use
o
he
ins umen al
in
simila
cons uc ions
in
Li huanian
was
oundly
c i icized
by
Jablonskis.
Typically
gua dians
o
he
language
sup-
po
he
e en ion
o
ea lie
no ms,
so
we
can
assume
ha
Jablonskis
is
encou aging
an
olde
syn ac ic
cons uc ion.
Pi ockinas
(1986:
193)
gi es
a
numbe
o
examples
whe e
Jablonskis
co ec s
he ins umen al
o
he
da i e,
e.g.:
(10)
pa a iu
bii i
a sa giais
INSTR
=
a sa giems
DAT
‘I
ad ise
(someone)
o
be
ca e ul’;
(11)
be
s uden ams
eikia
bii i i
s eikais
INSTR
=
s eikiems
DAT
‘bu
s uden s
mus
be
heal hy
oo’;
(12)
Ka ei iui
nede a
bi i
Ziau iu
INSTR
=
Ziau iam
DAT
‘I
does
no
be i
a
soldie
o
be
c uel’;
(13)
Dide
il j
duoda
no as
ge esniu
INSTR
ap i
=
ge esniam
ba
ap i
‘The wish
o
become
be e
gi es
g ea
hope’.
The
use
o
he
p edica i e
ins umen al
in
Sla ic
is
appa en ly
no
an
Indo-Eu opean
inhe i ance.
Danylenko
(2003:
44)
quo es
A.
Po ebnja
who
w o e
ha
he
p edica i e
ins umen al
is
one
o
he
mos
cha ac e is ic
ea u es
o
he
Sla ic
languages
and
is
a
ela i ely
la e
phenomenon
compa ed
wi h
he
use
o
he
second
nomina i e.
(Danylenko
s esses
he
ac
ha
Po ebnja
says
ha
bo h
cases
we e
equal
‘ a nop a ny’,
no
synony-
mous.)
In
ac ,
howe e ,
Old
Uk ainian
ex s
show
he
use
o
he
nomina i e
case
mo e
equen ly.
Danylenko
quo es
om
he
Hypa ian
Ch onicle:
(14)
asée
bo
byls
pe e ozniko
NoM
SG
kyj
NOM
SG
‘I
Kyi
had
been
a
e y-boa
ope a o ...’;
(15)
uJa opolka
zena
g ékin(i)
Nom
sG
béi
bjase
byla
e niceju
INSTR
SG
‘Ja opolk’s
wi e
was
a
G eek
and
she
had
been
a
nun’
(Danylenko
2003:
40).
48
|
WILLIAM
R.
SCHMALSTIEG
Iam
ce ainly
willing
o
belie e
ha
he
ins umen al
he e
is
an
inno a ion,
pa icula ly
since
his
unc ion
seems
o
be
limi ed
o
Bal o-Sla ic.
Danylenko
ag ees
wi h
Po ebnja
who
saw
he
use
o
he
nomina i e
in
p edica e
posi ion
as
being
mo e
a chaic
han
he
use
o
he
ins umen al.
I
seems
o
me
ha
any
syn ac ic
unc ion
mus
ha e
i s
o igin
in
a
seman ic
unc ion.
The
o iginal
seman ic
unc ion
o
he
da i e
o
pu pose
was,
howe e ,
some imes
los
and
he
da i e
became
he
au oma ic
complemen
wi h
he
e b
‘ o
be’.
Thus
Hol oe ’s
conclu-
sion
ha
he
La ian
da i e
is
mo e
o iginal
han
a
Bal ic
o
Sla ic
ins umen al
in
simila
cons uc ions
is
comple ely
c edible.
REFERENCES
Amp azas,
V.
1981:
Zu
Geschich e
eine
indoeu opiischen
Kons uk ion:
Da i us
cum
In ini i o
im
Bal ischen.
Kalbo y a
33
(3),
12-24.
Jacic,
V.,
ed.,
1960:
Codex
Ma ianus
glagoli icus,
G az:
Ins i u
i
Sla is ik
de
Uni e si a
G az.
DANYLENKO,
A.
I.
2003:
P edyka y,
idminky
i
dia ezy
uk ajinks’kij
mo i:
is o iényj
i
ypolohiényj
aspek y,
Xa ki :
Oko.
Haun y,
J.
1977:
L’emploi
des
cas
en
édique,
Lyon:
Edi ions
LHe més.
Ho oe ,
A.
2004:
On
he
ma king
o
p edica e
nominals
in
Bal ic,
in
Baldi,
Ph.
and
Dini,
P.
U.,
eds.,
2004.
S udies
in
Bal ic
and
Indo-Eu opean
linguis ics
in
hono
o
William
R.
Schmals ieg
(Ams e dam
S udies
in
he
Theo y
and
His o y
o
Linguis ic
Science.
Cu en
Issues
in
Linguis ic
Theo y,
254),
Ams e dam-Philadelphia:
John
Benjamins
Publishing
Company,
75-90.
Pi ockinas,
A.
1986:
Jono
Jablonskio
kalbos
aisymai,
Kaunas:
S iesa.
William
R.
Schmals ieg
Gau a
2005
01
11
814
Co nwall
Road
S a e
College,
pA
16803,
USA