Marijampolės apskrities Marijampolės valsčiaus vietovardžių darybos ir kilmės polinkiai

ACTA LINGUISTICA LITHUANICA LII (2005), 91-118 Marijampoles apskrities Marijampoles valsciaus vietovardziy An attempt is here undertaken to analyse the toponymy of one borough in the Marijampole district with regard to formation and origin. The investigation is based on authentic material from pre-war and field names. With regard to origin, names derived from appellatives predominate and make up 71% of the Lithuanian questionnaires, now in the collections of the Onomastics Department of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language. The toponyms are classified into water names, names of settlements hydronyms and 61% of the field names. Names of settlements are more often (in 70% of the cases) based on proper names, or on appellatives referring to persons. With regard to derivational type, secondary place names clearly predominate and make up 66% of the names of settlements and 86% of the water names. 0. IVADAS The article is based on valuable material —interwar Lithuanian questionnaire data. These are written place names in the living language, the collection of which began in the 1930s by the State Archaeology Commission of the Ministry of Education, which at that time belonged to the Vytautas the Great Museum in Kaunas, and the Commission for Surname and Place Name Change. Place-name search sheets were prepared, called Zemés nevek. These sheets were sent to primary school teachers and foresters, who, following a specially prepared instruction (Alminauskis 1934), for several years (mostly 1935-1937) discovered the place names and returned the filled sheets to the commission. The questionnaires remained and are currently stored in the fonds of the Lithuanian Language Institute Names Section. They contain about 150,000 names. Up to now, about 500 names of villages and places in Viduklés have been published, which are presented without any commentary in the order of the names of villages and places given in the questionnaires (Razmukaité 2002: 1065-1068). In the article it is stated that they have different origins and origins, it is noted that it is mainly from generic words that have arisen and made names related to the characteristics of the Earth's surface and so on, but to talk about this in more detail — it is the task of another, separate article. Thus, from the point of view of authenticity, the valuable wood is unexplored. 92 | DALIA SVIDERSKIENE ISsamesniy arealiniy researches, isry$kinanciy different Lithuanian regions place names! of production and origin, almost no. It is possible to mention Ilona Mickiené’s doctoral dissertation (Mickiené 2001) and researches on the origin and origin of the names of some of the Lithuanian provinces — Kvedarna, Lygumy, Raguvos, SeredZiaus, Stacitiny, Vidukle, published as separate articles in publications prepared and published by the publishing house Versmés (Razmukaite 2001a: 589-593; 2001b: 788-792; 2001c: 1062-1071; 2003: 929-931; 2004: 865-869). This article is the first attempt to evaluate the origin and composition of place names of one municipality (Marijampoles) in Marijampoles county. The author of the article intends to test further studies of the interwar Lithuania- ’s Sia County in terms of the aforementioned aspects. When collecting the data in the iSraSyti 488 questionnaire, the authors of the article were standardized. The main criteria and principles were followed, which have long traditions in the management of water names, names of places of residence, and various other names of objects on the Earth’s surface (see Vanagas 1975: 48-57; 1991a: 11-14; 1991b: 4-7). Thus, the article will provide authentic genders, i.e., those used by the local elderly, but the significant phonetic changes of the dialect (vakary aukStai¢iy southern part —kauniskiy- ), reflected in the place names, will be replaced by general language equivalents. According to this provision, it was not difficult to determine the normative genders (perhaps also because the common language began with Si, and not with another Straipsnyje pateikiami visi anketose uZraSyti ty paciy vietovardziy kirciavimo ir jy dialect), but when ambiguity arose, it was attempted to rely on the wider context of one or another place name. lyciy variants. When discussing the local name making in Šiauliai County, we follow the structural-grammatical classification chosen by Aleksandrs Vanags for the study of hydronymy making (see Vanagas 1970: 21-27). According to it, place names are divided into primary and secondary. The secondary are also divided into j derivative (prieSdéliy, prefix, final), compound (or intrinsic), compound. The primary are those place names which in the process of construction (or toponymic) have not been given a constructive formant. This group also includes plural (so-called pluralia tantum) place names. The latter may have been derived from the appellative or the one-numbered plural denominator, on the other hand, the change of the number may also indicate a constructive element — the final of the plural form. Place names are also considered to be plural when the form of the adjective and the Vedic genus differ. Starting the scientific evaluation of the collected material, the basic words, the definition of the work affixes, it was clear that this is a complex, much knowledge, knowledge-requiring work. Having in mind the basic principle of understanding the origin of Lithuanian place names (the origin of a place name is understood not as its genetic etymology, 0 only as the source of the toponymic lexem itself (see Vanagas 1980 and others)), it seems that the examined place name etymologies can be Lithuanian and other languages (in this region more often Slavic, German) general and specific words. In determining the basic words (general words, personal names, other place names) used in the questionnaires for the various kinds of place names, the following basic criteria were used: MARIJAMPOLES VALSCIAUS VIETOVARDIAI | 93 volumes: Lithuanian Language Zodyno (LKZ), Lithuanian Surname Zodynu (LPZ), Lithuanian SSR Administrative-Territorial Division Register (ATSZ) and Lithuanian Name Origin Zodynu (Kuzavinis, Savukynas 1997). All bibliographical data of Siy Saltiniy are listed in the literature list at the end of the article. In Aleksandro Vanago iSanalizuoty water names in terms of origin and origin (they make up the majority) reference is given to Lietuvos hidronimy etymologinj zodynq (Vilnius, 1981; hereinafter —LHEZ). In other languages, general and specific words are also used for the origin of Marijampoles apylinkiy place name aiSkinti. These Sources are various and reliable works — diary, lists, etc., alphabetical historical personal name records, stored in the LKI Names Section (hereinafter — IAK). They were used mainly when the corresponding common words, personal names or local names in Lithuanian anthroponymy and toponymy works could not be found. All these sources are also included in the literature list. Placenames of Marijampoles province are presented in abecelées order in separate groups and subgroups. In the questionnaires, untranslated place names are left untranslated. The affixes (prepositions, suffixes, etc.) of the pronoun construction are connected to the basic Root with a brickle, as well as the compound pronoun (diriniy) compounds are connected with brickles. To all the mentioned placenames are added certain data: location indications of objects named by placenames (water names, places of residence, etc.). Based on the lists of abbreviations of the Lithuanian Place Names Directory (the list of abbreviations is given at the end of the article). After the two-digit number, indicating with which common word or noun the placename is associated, are given the names of persons and places commonly used in the region of Lithuania in the forms baltas, slavy, etc. An asterisk indicates the gender of a noun or a general word when it is reconstructed, i.e. it is not found in the available sources, but could theoretically have been. If the origin of the researched place name is not quite clear, a brief is written and the descriptive bid tries to explain the origin tendencies. After the abbreviation,- ,plg.“ the place name is further linked to the common origin generic or actual ZodZi. In some cases it was almost impossible to determine which: general or proper (usually personal) word is the source of the local name. In such and other cases (when it is not clear whether the placename originated from the § neiSvestinis or from the § i8vestinis appellative), all possible versions of the origin are presented in the respective sections, entitled »Possible placenames of dual origin*«, taking into account the nature of the object of the name and the structure of the placename. The determination of the lexical status of adverbial deminutivyniy pronoun of the verb and the basis of the verb also proved problematic. In Lithuanian toponymics, there is a provision that,,the absolute majority of deminutives, which theoretically could be basic words, are not nominative nomenclatural geographical terms, since in lexical sense they are not neutral, specific and have a certain valued emotional aspect. When the name of the waterway, place of residence, entered in the forms and published in the Saltines (ATSZ, LHEZ), the location references do not match, they are presented as in the published Saltines (Salia in parentheses). 94 | DALIA SVIDERSKIENE at least nominative term upélis. Such an appellativy beafiksé toponymization is not a common way of creating a place name. Of course, this does not mean that it is not possible, but it is almost impossible to distinguish between these cases, so all helonyms* with suffixes that allow for the formation of deminutives are to be considered prepositional derivatives* (Bilkis 1999: 52). This evaluation of diminutives has also been applied to various other classes of place names discussed in this article. All the place names of Marijampole County are divided into three large groups: water names (names of pools, lakes, ditches, marshes, marshes, salt ponds, ponds, rivers, streams, etc., hydro-objects), names of residential places (manors, villages, their parts, villages, railway stations, gardens, etc.) and various other objects of the land surface (fields, fields, plains, forests, meadows, islands, paths, etc.). In this article, the latter place names are referred to as land names*, in the belief that this term best describes the actual names of the land —both larger (drimonimus, oronimus, etc.) and smaller (agronimus, dromonimus, etc.)°. 1. WATERNAMES There are 70 of them (~14%). 1.1. IS common words (appellative lexems) kile vandenvardZiai 1.1.1. PRIMARY: Burn b.: lit. degimas ‘burnt place (meadow, marsh, mi8kas), degesé’; Darpinyéia b.: lit. diirpinyéia ‘a place where we dig or cut peat’; 1000 BC) and Zheng He (c. : lit. i§grauza ‘water grazing place’; Laikité up. is believed to be with the determinant -tiS lit. /aiksés ‘a large swamp, kimsynas, thin’, cf. Laiksés plk. (VG), pv. (SAUK) (LHEZ 178); Nendrynas b.: lit. nendrynas ‘area covered with reed’; Priidas b., prd., tv. : the adverb ‘tvenkinys’; Statius (|| Statilis) rv. : lit. statiijis, cf. lit. statu sis, also cf. lit. statis, -i ‘directly or almost directly rising up’; Svendrjné kdr. : let. Svendryné ‘Svendriy ar Svendry priauges plotas’. 1.1.2. FEEDS: 1.1.2.1. End derivatives: -é: Vowel-é up.: lit. *balsas ‘white’, cf. lit. balsis ‘white animal’, balsys ‘white Suo, kiskis’, balsius ‘white Suo’, balsvas, balsvas ‘balzganas, apybaltis’ (LHEZ 57); Ratisvé up. (G2): lit. ratisvas ‘Light red, yellowish’ (LHEZ 274); Zvifgid-e up.: 4 South end Zr. Jones liet. ZviFgzdas ‘zvyras, upés dugne akmenukai’ (LHEZ 408); Z Dél termino Zr. Bilkis (1997: 35-57). (1990): 563. This article distances itself from a more detailed discussion of terms and reasons for their choice, as this is the task of another article. MARIJAMPOLES VALSCIAUS VIETOVARDZIAI | 95 -is: Smilg-is up.: liet. smilga ‘varpiniy Seimos Zolé su Sluotos pavidalo Ziedynu’ (LHEZ 309). 1.1.2.2. Priesagu vediniai: -ainis: Sil-ainis up.: liet. Silas ‘spygliuociu miskas, Zalgiris’, plg. pr. sylo ‘Silas’, lat. sils ‘Silas’ (LHEZ 331); -anta: Slav-anta up. —related to lit. s/ioti ‘to clean with a Sluota, to sweep’, lit. slavii ‘with a Sluota’, lit. Slavia, lat. slaiicit 'Sluoti? (LHEZ 333); -elis: Pritd-élis b.: lit. prudas ‘pond’ (Bilkis 1999: 65-66); -imas: Praplés-imas b. —related to lit. praplésti, praplésti, -ia, praplésé ‘when making a hole, a gap, a slit’ (Bilkis 1998: 103), cf. lit. plésti, -ia, -é ‘when making a hole, a gap, a slit’; -iné: As-iné b.: lit. aSis ‘the straight line passing through the centre of someone’ (Bilkis 1998: 115); Druskiné b.: lit. druska ‘a certain sulphurous mineral compound (sodium chloride)’ (Bilkis 1998: 109); -yné: Marm-fné b. —related to lit. marméti, mdrma, -éjo ‘with the sound of squeezing, feeding’; burbuliuoti, gurguliuoti’ (Bilkis 1998: 124); Totork-fné b.: lit. totorka, totorké ‘balinis ajeras (Acorus calamus)’; -inis: Kermus-inis up.: lit. kermusé ‘wild garlic’ (LHEZ 153); Sodyb-inis up.: lit. sodyba ‘land about the house with all the huts; the place where the cottages were —in the sense of the place of flow’ (LHEZ 310); -ynas: Riid-Ynas up. —related to lit. rida ‘unprocessed natural material from which metals are made; rioted; prasta pelkéta zemé su turpiy priemaisa’, riidas ‘ridis’, riidé ‘prasta pelkéta Zemé su turpiy priemaisa’, riidis ‘riidynas’, riidys ‘iron oxidation medZiaga’; ‘Red Spots’ (LHEZ 282); Totork-ynas b.: lit. totorka, totorke ‘white hawk (Acorus calamus)’; -iSké: Nendr-iské b.: lit. néndré ‘varpiniy Seimos water plant with long tuSCiamiduriu stems (Phragmites communis)’ (Bilkis 1998: 130); Pirtin-iské b.: lit. pirtinis, -é ‘suitable for a bath <...>’, also cf. lit. pirtis ‘a certain building or room where people take a bath’; -iskis: Ridgl-iskis up|. —related to lit. ridglinti (-yti), -ina, -ino ‘to walk clumsily, to drag’, cf. lit. rioglys, -é ‘someone who is clumsy, uncomfortable’; Vedeg-iskis Slt. : lit. vedega ‘a bendted axe for chopping trees or trees’; -onis: Jev-6nis up.: *Ievonis, which in lit. ieva (t. jieva) ‘a tree with white fragrant Flowers (Padus)’ (LHEZ 135, 136); -(i)ukai: Sané-itkai b.: lit. Saficius ‘i8rausta duobé, griovys’ (Bilkis 1999: 80); -uké(s): Aps-ukés plk. —relates to *apsis and so on, cf. pr. abse ‘eruption, trembling’ (Maziulis 1988: 42); 2000: The State of the Art (St. Louis). : lit. statis, -i ‘ascending straight or almost straight up’. The prevalence of waterborne illness is shown in Table 1. s Del vandenvardziy su Saknimi S/avsemantikos dar Zr. "Savukynas (1960: 297)". 96 | DALIA SVIDERSKIENE 1 TABLE. PRODUCTIVITY OF WATERWORDS a -ainis /_ to 5 - " Priesagos Kiekybiné Procentiné israiska israiska ___anta 1a $e diverse wi Oo -elis 1 ona oe ate --imas—that 1 - 5 we! -yn--ynas 2 10 -yneé 2 10 -in- -iné 2 10 alien __cinispaler 2 10 -iSk--iské 2 10 oie: -13kis Leal, 2 10 —_ - _ 1 5 -uk--(i)ukai 1 a -week(s) SRN Hh i NY 1S vulis 1 5 The I§ tables show that the most common watervarziy suffixes are -ynas, -yné, -iné, -inis, -iSké, -iskis — they make up about 10% of vediniy. Other suffixes (-ainis, -anta, -elis, -imas, -onis, -(i)ukai, -uké(s), -ulis —pavieneés. 1.1.3. COMPOSITE WATERNAMES (DURINIAI): 1.1.3.1. The second sand i$ the adjectives bald, upé, upis: (a) the first sand binomial: Jtiod-upé up. ; Jéiod-upis upl.: lit. iodas, black (LHEZ 137-138); Skriaid-upis up. — apparently related to lit. skriaudits ‘sraunus’ (LHEZ 305); (b) first-person noun: Karkl-a-bale b.: lit. ‘gluosniniy Seimos medis or krimas (Salix cinerea)’; Kiailia-balé b.: lit. kiatilé ‘domestic animal, raised for meat, fat (Sus domesticus)’; Ryt-upis || Ryt-upélis’ up. —apparently related to lit. rytas ‘beginning of the day’ (LHEZ 279); Ses-upé up. —The origin of the root is not quite clear, but it is linked to liet. Sesélis ‘the dark place where the light stops’; on the other hand, hydronyms with Sesgali biti in iSlaike have an older meaning ‘Saltas, vésus’ (LHEZ 329-330); Siin-ia-balé b.: lit. 5u6, Sufis ‘domestic animal, kept to guard the house, for hunting, etc.’ ; Varl-ia-balé b.: lit. varlé ‘an amphibian class animal with long hind legs (Rana)’. 7 South of the ridge is the ridge of Rydberget. Vanga (1970: 127). MARIJAMPOLES STATE PLACE-NAMES | 97 1.1.3.2. The second sand — the proper Zodis (river name): Sen-d-rausvé || Sen-G-rausvis up.: lit. sénas, -a ir Ratisvé up. (GZ) (LHEZ 295); Sén-Sesupé upstream: lit. sénas, -a ‘existing for some time, long ago <...>’ and Sestpé upstream. 1.1.4. SUDETINIC ALMININAR WATERNAMES: 1.1.4.1. The metaphorical nobleman is only mentioned once —Ezio kareema b.: lit. exys ‘such a small, conspicuous animal (Erinaceus europaeus)’ and sk. kareema ‘smukle’, the first demu of which is an incoherent pronoun, the second is the noun of the figurative adjective. 1.1.4.2. Topographical noble waters with localing significance: Piliakalnio éeras e2. : lit. piliakalnis ‘hill where a castle stands or stové’ and lit. éZeras; Kapinig upélis upl.: lit. kapinés ‘burying place, tombs’ and lit. upélis; Sddo upélis upl.: lit. sodas ‘area of land where fruit trees and fruit beetles grow’ and lit. upélis. 1.2. IS other waters with local names In this section only one example —Tarpaciy brasta br. It is a Sudétic noble name of the brook, the first part of which comes from the village name Tarpiiciai (SN), the second part is a topographical noun in Lithuanian brasta ‘shallow river place, where you can cross, cross’. 1.3. Water names, personal names and personal adjectives In Marijampole county, 16 cases were recorded in the last year. Some of their prefixes -in-, -yn-, -iskvediniai, kita dalis (apie du treédaliai) — sudurtiniai vandenvardziai, like — sudétiniai. 1.3.1. APPENDICES: -in-: Buoz-other hair. : pyd. BuoZis or lit. buozé ‘<...> rich peasant, otherwise exploiter’; Zyd-other b., prd. : let. Zdas, -é ‘the man of the day’; -yn-: Medel-yné shit. : pvd Medellín; -iSk-: Mélnyk-iské kdr. : pyd. Deep. 1.3.2. COMPOSITE WATERNAMES (DURINIAI): 1.3.2.1. The second sand is derived from common words, such as: bala, kdlnas, upélis, upis (geografiniy nomenklaturiniy terminy): Daiks-ia-- kalnis b.: pyd. Dauksys or so. ; 2000. pp. 10. "Kamen's bridge". www.kamen-bridge.ru. Kamentavicius; Packed b.: pvd. Kliticius; Puddz-iu-- pelis (< *Puodz-iu-upelis) up. —may be related to lit. puddzius ‘puody dirbéjas’ or to Puddzius avd. (LHEZ 268); Ramésk-- a-balé b.: pvd. Ramoska; R6z-balé b.: pyd. Rezas; Sab-a-balé b.: pvd. Sabas; "Zyd-balé b.: liet". Zdas, -é ‘man of Jewish nationality’. a Due to expiry date Zr. p. 32. 98 | DALIA SWIDERSKIENE 13.2.2. The second sand — the real Zodis (river name): Zjd-sesupé (|| [3grauza] prd. : let. Zvdas, -é ‘a Jewish person’ in Sestipé up. 1.3.3. The Sweet Water Names. The first demu of the waterwardzi — the form of the personal noun of the waterwardzi, the second — the general Zodis (brasta, plyné): Kriauéiiino brasta br. : pvd Kraauciiinas and lit. brasta ‘shallow river place, where you can cross’; "Pudziaus plyné b.: pyd. Puddzius or lit. puddzius ‘puody dirbéjas’ and lit. plyné ‘a flat place, plain’. 1.4. Possible water bodies of dual origin This group consists of two examples: the preposition -iné derivative Slek-iné prd. : pvd Slekys or associated with lit. s/ék ‘SliurkS (repeatedly described as Zliugséjimas)’, cf. lit. slekéti, sleka, -éjo ‘to flow, flowing’; diry Zyd-grabé up., whose first sand probably originated from § liet. Zydas ‘a person of the Jewish ethnicity’, but may have nothing to do with this ethnonime and be associated with Zydéjimo, Ziedy (géliy) or similar meanings’ (LHEZ 401); the second sand —i8 of the common word lit. grabé ‘ditch’. 1.5. Non-skiing waters Only one Kalavynas prd. —perhaps in S lit. *kalavynas, cf. lit. *kalavijynas, also cf. lit. kalavijas ‘a plant growing near a lake, river or lake with leaves similar to a sword’; ajeras (Acorus calamus)’. After a brief overview of the origin and functioning of the Marijampolė State Watershed in Marijampolė County, certain conclusions can be drawn (see table 2): TABLE 2. ORIGIN AND FUNCTION OF WATERNAMES Waternames by function Waternames —as in total : | Vedic es: dia accordiol ng to origin Primary ——————Compound Subjunctive A Galiiniy —_Priesagy Priesdéliy (diphthongs); 7 IS bendriniy 9 4 20 -13 4 50 zodziu (~71%) IS other - - - - -1 1 placevardziy /(~1,5%) I§ asmenvardziy --5 -9 2 16 and apeliatyviniy (~23%) asmenu pavadinimy Possible doubles - -1 -1 -2 acer by origin Primary —_—__—_—_§_——Compound Sudétniy Galiniy —Priesagy_ Priesdéliy (derived) Uncertain 1 -----1 origins (~1,5%) __ kilmed (~3%) MARIJAMPOLES STATE PLACE NAMES [99 TABLE 2 THESIS Waters by darybq Water guards = ——Total / a Vedic ae ce IS total 10 4 26 -23 7 70 (~14%) (6%) (~37%) (~33 %) (~10%) IS tablelés shows that in the spoken territory predominate i$ common words (apeliative leksemy) in the form of water names, most often formed with prefixes and with the addition of a suffix. 2. Names of places of residence 73 (~15%) responded to the questionnaire. 2.1. Names of places of residence in the form of common words (appellative lexems) in IS 2.1.1. PRIMARY: Naftas k. (LDvN): lit. nartas ‘camp, kerté, saspara’; Sandwich soda. : lit. sendveé ‘recently harvested field’. Pluralia tantum gentis: Kazérmés k. dalis: lit. *kazermé, plg. lit. kazdrmé ‘carriers’; End k. (MSKC): lietuv. pabaigas ‘may be the final part of something’; Pagiriai k. part: lit. pagirys ‘the edge of a hillside’; Piliakalniai k. (SN): lit. piliakalnis, piliakalnis ‘hill where stands or stood a castle, castle hill’. 2.1.2. HYDRATES OF THE OATH: -élis: Tabiin-élis k.: skol. tabiinas ‘flock, herd’; -iskiai: Molyn-ixkiai k. part: lit. molynas ‘clay, clay earth, soil’; Triob-iskiai k. (IrkS): lit. rioba ‘residential house, buys’. 2.1.3. COMPOSITE NAME OF RESIDENTIAL PLACE (DURINIAI- ). The second verbs are the general noun kdlnas, laikas, vieta, the first verbs are also nouns: kalnas: C§k-a-kalnis (|| Bendoriai) k.: liet. eSkas ‘baravykus anksčiau vadino éykais’; Dyb-a-kalnis k. (Trk8): lit. dyba, dybas ‘pointing pole of the road’; field: V¥sn-ia-laukis k. (PDV): lit. vySnia ‘erskétiniy Seimos fruit tree with juicy, red, boned berries (Cerasus- )’; place: Bid-vieciai k. (JRGZ): lit. biida ‘palapiné, pastogé, namelis (sargo, piemens ar kt.)’; Svirn-a-viéciai of. (|| Migliai) k.: liet. svifnas ‘huts where grids are poured’. There is one place name, both of which are Slavisms —Star-a-- polé (|| Marijampole of.) mst.; pirmasis sandas sietinas su lenk. stary, rus. cmapoiti ‘senas’, antrasis — su brus., rus. nose, lenk. pole ‘laukas’ (plg. Vanagas 1996: 146). 106 | DALIA SVIDERSKIENE'S 5 TABLETS. APPELATIVUS KILUSIU ZEMEVARDZIU PRIEJAGOS Pemevardiiai ___L. Lithuanian Priesagos Kiekybiné Procentiné israiska israiska (baltiSkos) ae teh een j nl -elis, -eliai -ait- -aité 2, ia __-aitis fiuama dey 2 3 gat c 2 ein 4 tt i) eight oe sherbass aly rene 1 2 = -yn--ynas 1 2 vail Stloneges ABR Sp pot tay tlle gam sea a -in--other 13 23 -inis 3 5 kis nen 3 sk sonia ica ng das tiedall lati -lé gl 2. he -(iJuk--(i)- ukas, -(iJukai 5 9 a oa 2 aint purr nag aegas, Rael eset - -using 7 CT scans of the stomach IS face 5 8B al 2. Slavic /it SS ee -ka (slav.) 7 iam aeons 2 IS face a" to 2 The IS table shows that the most common suffix in Marijampole province is -iné — about 23 percent of vediniy is composed of it. In second place by prevalence -yné (~12%), then: -(i)ukas, -(i)ukai, -elé(s) (~9%); -elixir, -ute (~7%); -inis, -iskis, -(i)uké(s) (~S%); -aite, -elis, -eliai (~4%); -aitis, -iené, -ynas, -lé (~2%). With the Slavic suffix -ka, it is made up of about 2% lead. LOCATIONS OF THE STATE OF MARIJAMPOLE | 107 3.1.3. COMPOSITED SUBSTANTIVE NAME: 3.1.3.1. Antrieji Siy vietovardziy sandai yra i$ apeliatyvy — geografiniy nomenklatiriniy terminy (bald, éeras, girid, kdlnas, pieva) ir kity objekty pavadinimy (bada, garden, logging, grass, place): bala: Alksn-ia-- balé pv. : lit. alksnis ‘berziniy Seimos medis (Alnus)’; Dalk-ia-balé pv. : lit. diilké ‘a very small crystal, a particulate matter, a fragment’, e.g. lit. dulkéti, dilka (-éja), -éo ‘to rise, to become dust’; Darp-a-balé (|| Darplé) pv. : lit. darpa, dirpé, dirpés ‘aggregated and enlarged residues of marshy plants’; Gdis-balés drb. z.: lit. *eaisas or similar, cf. lit. gaisti, gaista, gaiso ‘to vanish, disappear, fall away’; Gal-a-balis drp., niy pv.: liet. galas ‘mazas kokio daikto gabalas’; Garn-a-bale pv.: liet. garnys ‘guzas, guzutis, garnys, starkus, busilas, didutis (Ciconia)’; Kafkl-a-balé pv.: liet. karklas ‘gluosniSeimos medis ar krimas (Salix cinerea)’; Kares-bale pv. : lit. kardsas ‘bony carp (Cyprinidae) family Zuvis’; Kiaiil-ia-bale pv. : lit. kiatilé ‘domestic animal, raised for meat, fat (Sus domesticus)’; Kump-a-balé pv. : lit. kumpas, -d@ ‘with a rise, a bulge, an unevenness’, cf. lit. kwmpti, -sta, -o ‘to become full, to be bumped’; Milk-and-- balé pv. : lit. malkos ‘cut and split wood for fuel’; Murg-a-balé pv. : liet. murgas ‘low-grown trees’; Pelé-bale drp., pv. : lit. peléda ‘pleSrus didelémis akimis nakties paukStis (Strix)’; Priid-balé pv. : lit. pritdas ‘pond’; Sais-balé pv. : lit. satisas, -a ‘without dryness, without water, without sleep, without life’; Spard-a-- bale pv. —related to lit. spardyti, -o, -é ‘to move the feet, to kick, to play, to talk’; Staddl-packed pv. : lit. stadalé ‘perennial ornamental shrub or tree (Cornus)’; Jumping ball pv. : let. Saltinis ‘is zemés tekanti vandens versmé’; San-iabale pv. : let. Sud, Suns ‘a domestic animal kept for the protection of a house, for hunting, etc.’ ; Inter-u-baliai pv. : liet. tarpas ‘space, place’; Trak-a-balé pv. : lit. trakas ‘auk8ta, dry meadow, covered with rare shrubs and woods, miSko aik8telé; meadow with birch trees’; Waffle-a- -ball pv. : lit. varlé ‘varliagyviy klasés gyviinas su ilgomis uzpakalinémis kojomis (Rana)’; biida ‘palapiné, pastogeé, namelis (sargo, piemens ar kt.)’: Pakité-biidis pv. : school. pakiicia, pakiicia ‘the corner of the altar where the idol stands’; darzas ‘land plot near a farm garden’: Karéem-- darzis dr., drz. : school. karcema, kareema ‘smukle’; eras: Akl-a-Zeris (< *Akl-a-ezeris) pv. : lit. dklas, -a ‘dark; uZdaras, aklinas’; giria ‘big forest’: Sais-giria m%. : lit. satisas, -4 ‘without dryness, without water, without sleep, without life’; Tafp-giris pv. : liet. tarpas ‘space, place’; kdlnas: Barabon-- kalnis k\n. : school. ‘bignas’ barbells; Barsit-kalnis (< *Barsuk- -kalnis) kln.: lit. barstikas ‘plésrus Zvérelis SiurkS¢iais plaukais; opsrus (Ursus meles)’; Raud6n-kalnis ar., k\n. : lit. raud6nas, -a ‘rusty and reddish’; Spic-a-mountain cold. : school. spicas ‘pointed tip, spike’; "Dr. Zjr-ia-kalnis: liet. Zvyras ‘smélio, Zvirgzdo ir gargzdo miSinys’; Kiftis ‘ikirtimo zymé, rantas; ‘one-tailed spear-cut area’: Sikn-a-kirtis krnt. part: lit. sikna ‘ass, seat’; margas ‘low-grown bull’: Bul-ia-margis dr.: lit. biilius ‘bred bull’; Field-marked pv. : lit. /atikas ‘a flat, unmet place; dirbama zemé, paséliy plotas’; 108 | DALIA SVIDERSKIENE pieva: Autumn-- Winter 2015-2016 : lit. flesa ‘parasitic sowing insect (Pulex irritans)’; Cyk-d-pievé pv. : lit. épkas ‘baravykus formerly called éykais’; Long-standing pv. : lit. ilgas, -a ‘what happens in the length of time (in space)’; I'm gonna be there. : lit. jducias, jdutis ‘domestic animal, male cow’; Ply-d-pievé pv. : lit. briketa ‘square burnt clay chip for construction’; San-pievé pv. : lit. sud, Sufis ‘domestic animal, kept to guard houses, for meat, etc.’ ; Vist-a-pievé pv. : lit. vista ‘domestic poultry kept for eggs and meat (Gallina)’; vieta ‘area, space, where something is or happens’: Bravor-vieté dr.: skol. bravoras ‘spirito varykla or alaus darykla’; Siar-vietis pv. —related to lit. sitirti, Sitira, Sito ‘to bathe’. The following is a table of secondary sand prevalence (see Table 6): TABLE 6. IS APPELLATIVU KILUSIU ZEMEVARDZIV SECOND SANDAI Nioal alk lian israiska a _iraiska - Antrieji sandai Kiekybiné Procentiné -balcimt 24 aie 49 1 Scat, Pita, -darz-EY 2 Z 4 ___ thousand-J to 1 2 =girs to join 2 eae t m ___ckalnth Ae -6 13 Seine: mee SH git. Seelertlmg ear: Aue, Be 0 emg 2. Ba = ys = Hig,Syrie) Blojmen eee ean x stints 2 As the results of the study show, most of the fish in the second sand have the lexem bala (~49%), much less meeva (~15%) and kdlnas (~13%). Other lexemes are very rare. 3.1.3.2. The second sand —the real word (the name of the river): Sén-SeSupis dr., pv. : lit. sénas, -a ‘existing for some time, long ago <...>‘ and Sesapé up. 3.1.4. The Southern Suburbs. According to the first démenj they are divided into noble and qualified (cf. Vanagas 1970: 25, 258, 273). They can be divided into metaphorical and topographical (regarding the term see Savukynas 1963: 237). 3.1.4.1. Nobles: 3.1.4.1.1. Metaphorical nobles: Asary kelélis k\. : lit. dSara, GSaros ‘pure, clear eye gland fluid’ and lit. kelélis, cf. lit. kélias ‘low stretch of road used for walking, driving’. As can be seen from the diagram, the first dému is an incompatible pronoun, 0 the second is the nominative of the adjective used in figurative meaning. MARIJAMPOLES STATE PLACE-NAMES | 109 3.1.4.1.2. Topographical names: Jevq kdlnas pkrnt. : lit. iévos, cf. lit. ieva ‘medis, zydintis baltais kvepianciais ziedais (Prunus padus)’ and lit. kdlnas; Kapinig sala s.: lit. kapinés ‘a burial place, graves’ and lit. sala ‘a land area surrounded by water on all sides’; "Karcéemés dafzas dr.: skol. karCema ‘smukle’ and liet. darzas ‘land plot near a farmyard’; Melting arc pv. : lit. l¥dimas ‘cut or burned area in the forest, felling, harvesting’ and lit. Janka ‘a large, flat meadow, usually near a river, flooded during a flood’; Plytnycia kdlnas kin. : school. plytnycia ‘plyty factory’ and lit. kdlnas; Cemetery of Vidkaimio kp. : lit. *vidikaimis ‘the middle of the village’, cf. lit. vidiis ‘the inner part of the village’ and lit. kaimas, also cf. lit. vidtipievis ‘the middle of the meadow’. Recent findings show that in one case the first dému of a placename is the origin of the appellative, indicating a local characteristic: iev, vidukimio, in another case it has a local meaning: kapiniq, kareemos, lydimo, plytnycios. The second persons of all found place names are usually geographical nomenclatural terms (kd/nas, kapinditées, kapinés, lanka, meeva, sala, etc.) and other names. 3.1.4.2. Qualifying Zemévardziai: Igosios pievos pv. : lit. ilgosios, cf. lit. ilgas, -a ‘what happens in the length of time, far away (in space)’ and lit. pievos, cf. lit. pieva; Naitjos temető kp. : lit. naiijas, -a ‘recently appeared <...>’ and lit. kapinés; Senna capability kp. : lit. sénas, -d ‘existing for some time, long ago <...>‘ and lit. kapindités, cf. lit. kapinés. 3.2. IS other toponyms in the region 3.2.1. PRINCIPAL: The hurtful py. : Skraudutis (|| Skriaudutélis) up. 3.2.2. PRIESAGOS -iné VEDINYS: Balsup-iné drb. z.: Bdlsupiai k. (M8KC). 3.2.3. COMPOSITED LAND NAME: Naft-kelis vsk1. : Nartas k. (LDvN) and lietuv. kélias ‘low stretch of road used for walking, driving’. 3.2.4. COMPOSITED NAME OF EARTH SURFACE OBJECTS. All uZrazytieji —pronoun (topographic) nobles with second-degree topographic noun: Nemurgq sandtyné |., |g. : Nemurai k. and lit. smiltyné ‘a place where there is a lot of sand, smélynas’; "Pyrolysin" (PDF) (PDF). : Pempyné pv. and lit. kelélis, cf. lit. kélias ‘a low stretch of road used for walking, driving’; Raisvés pieva drb. z., py. : Ratisvé up. (GZ) and lit. meeva; Simynés kelélis kl. : Simyné vs. ir lirt. kelélis, plg. lit. kélias; Tarpnéiy kapindités kp. : Between (Sn) and lit. kapindités, cf. lit. kapaves. 3.3. IS asmenvardziy and apeliatyviniy names of persons kil zemenvardzZii. 3.3.1. PRIORITY: Cigdnka d.: skuld. cigdnka ‘cigoné; prk. about a twisted woman’. 3.3.2. VEDINIAI. Preamble: -auka (slav.): Dambr-duka dr.: avd. *Dambra or similar, cf. pyd. Dambrdauskas; -ynas: Rusl-ynas kln.: pyd. Trash; -other: Abrom-other drb. z.: avd. Abrémas; Arminait-iné drb. Z.: pvd. Arminditis; Bender- -other pv. : pvd Benderis; Bielsk-iné pv. : pvd Bielskis; Bogus-other gossip. z.: pyd. Bogus or 110 | DALIA SWIDERSKIENE pan. ; Buoz-iné py. : pvd Buiozis or lit. buozé ‘<...> rich peasant, exploiter of others’; Degut-iné py. : pvd Degittis or lit. degiitis, -é ‘whatever burns burns, it burns’; Didval-other stuff. z.: pvd. Didvalis; Gavén-iné drb. z.: pvd. Cabinets; Gram-negative. z.: pvd. Grams; Kellert-iné drb. z.: pvd. Kélertas; Lasavié-other drb. z.: pvd. Lasavicius; Miliauck-- -other buzz. z.: pyd. Miliduckas, Miliatickas; Peters, P.D. Petersilia; Radus-other buzz. z.: pvd. Radtisis; Nothing else. : pvd Sefikus; Some other pv. : v. Tadas, plg. pvd. Tadduskas; Zyd-other pv. : lit. 2vdas, -é ‘Zydu tautybés Zmogus’; "Dr. Pip". Zitkus; "Abro-jné" (|| Walled) |. : avd. Abromas; Antan-jné dr.: v. Antanas; Baltrukonyné ar., drb. z.: pvd. Baltruk6nis; Bucinsk-fné drb. z.: pyd. Bucinskas or the like. ; Girait-fné dr., pv. : pvd Hearing loss; Grin-fné pv. : pvd Grinius; "Gvazdik-fné ar., drb. Z.: pyd. Carnation; Janulait-jné drb. z.: pvd. Janulditis; Jaudeg-fjné ar. : pvd Agitation; "Dr. Pyd. Jerys; "Dr. P.J.D.". Jufgelis or something like that. ; Jusel-jné drb. z.: pvd. Jissel; Katil-yneé dr., pv. : pvd Katilius or lit. katilius ‘katily dirbéjas, taisytojas or pardavéjas’; Kibiz-jné pv. : avd. *Kibiza or similar, cf. lit. kibyza ‘skinny, tall man’; stypla’; Maus-yné pv. *MausSa et al., cf. Wojciech Mauszas 1662 m. (IAK), also plg. prvd. Mausa, Matisas, Madsius (Butkus 1995: 304); Miliausk-yné drb. z.: pvd. Miliduskas, Miliatiskas; 1990. pp. 10. "Mitsubishi, P.A.". Minitics; Mokol-jne drb. z.: pvd. Mokola; Oliadrisk-§né py. : avd. *Oliadriskis, plg. pvd. Olis and lit. driskis, -é; driskius, -é ‘sudriskes’; Ol-jné dr., pv. : pvd Oils; Paliok-jné drb. z.: pvd. Palidkas; Pleckait-jné drb. z.: pvd. Spotted dermatitis; Raul-fné sklp. : pavd. Railas; Silvestr-jné dr., pv. : v. Silvestras, Silvestras; Skink-fné drb. z.: pyd. Skifikis, Skinkys; "Smalensk-yné drb. z.: pyd. Smalénskas; TamoS-fné |. : avd. Tamosius; Virbick-jné drb. z.: pd. Virbickas; 1999) (I) (A.S.) Zydas, -é “man of Jewish nationality”; -iské(s): ASmon-iské dr.: pyd. Aimona, Aimonas; Barben-iské drb. z.: avd. *Barbénas, plg. pvd. "Barbéna, plg. lenk". pvd. Barba, Barbas (SNP, 171, 172); 1.: pvd. Kazys; M.I.S.E.. : pyd. Mélnykas; Zil-iskés py. : pvd Blue, Blue or so. ; -issue: B6b-issue py. : pvd Bob or similar or lit. boba ‘married woman; old woman, sené’; Maly-iskis pv. *Malvis et al., cf. Brasowa Malwiene 1673 m. (IAK); also see lenk. pyd. Malwa (SNP,,, 159); Mantvil-iskis py. : pyd. Mantvila, Mantvilas; Paulel-ixkis py. : avd. *Paulelis, plg. v. Pailius, prd. Paulévicius; Siauciuk-iskis pv. : pvd Siauciikas or liet. A little bit of ‘bacillus sinus’. The 1999-2000 season saw the team reach the play-offs. 7 ft. 7 LENSES. AND OTHERS LOCATIONS KILUSIU EEMEVARDZIVU PRIEJAGOS Zemeévardziai a Zemévardziai ia Priesagos Kiekybiné Procentiné israiska israiska -auka (slav.) 1 5 -ynas 1 15 -other * 19 29 MARIJAMPOLES VALSCIAUS VIETOVARDZIAI | 111 7 LENTELES TESINYS Priesagos Kiekybiné Procentiné israiska israiska 7 -yné Bay 53 vere a -isk -ISke(s) ores 5 eafte 2 1) torye _ -13kis -_ 5 -735 IS total 66 98.5 The IS tables show that most vediniy are made with the suffix -yné (~53%), as below: -other (~29%), -iské(s), -iskis (~7.5%). Other suffixes are less common (~1.5% each). 3.3.3. COMPOSITED SUBSTANTIVE NAME (DURINIAI): 3.3.3.1. The second syllables in the adjective form are used in geographical nomenclature terms (bala, kdlnas, kélias, latikas, meadow, island, tipi) and in the names of other objects (garden, cemetery, arch, ridge): bala: Brazak-balé py. : avd. *Brazakas et al., cf. polk. pvd. Brazek (SNP, 472); Daitks-ia- -balé py. : pyd. Dauksys; Nemur-balé py. : pyd. Némura, Némuras; French packed pv. : lit. pranctizas, -é ‘pranciizy tautos zmogus’; Priis-balé pv. : pvd Priisas or liet. priisas, -é ‘formerly of East Prissia, inhabitant of the Klaipėda coast, German; luteronas’; "Ramosk- -a-balé drp.: pyd. Ramoska; Skerdz-ia-balé pv. : lit. skerdZius ‘the chief shepherd, the head of the herd, kerdZius- ’; Sab-a-balé pv. : pvd Sabas; Sik-a-balé pv. : pvd Pigs; darzas: Kdlv-ia-darzis drz. : pvd Kdlvis or lietuv. kdlvis ‘who engages in metal forging’; Salduk-darzis z.: pyd. Sweet; kdlnas: Bliidz-ia-- kalnis k\n. : pvd Blitidzius or lit. bliudzius ‘blitidy pardavéjas’; blitidy taisytojas’; Gudaé Mountain : avd. *Gudacius et al., cf. p.p. "Gudaéevskis, plg. lenk. pvd. Gudacz (SNP, 577); "Kedzja-- ia-kalnis kln.: pvd". Kedys or similar or lit. kedys ‘the little Ugio man’; Pauz-ia-kalnis kin. : pvd Pause, pause; Ramésk-- a-kalnis k\n. : pvd Ramoska; Rail-ia-kalnis k\n. : avd. Railas; kapinés: Pranciiz-- kapinés (|| Kapindités) |. : lit. pranciizas, -é ‘pranctizy man of the people’; Zyd-kapinés kp. : let. Zydas, -é ‘a Jewish man’; 2009. (in Greek) Kélias: Pimp-ia-kelis (|| Pempynés kelélis) kl.: pyd. Pimpé; Raiil-a-kelis k\. : avd. Railas; Sikité-kelis k\. : pvd Sikucius, Sikitis; lanka ‘large level meadow, usually near a river, flooded during a flood’: Zyd-lanké pv. : let. Zdas, -é ‘a Jewish man’; latikas: Gudyn-lauké pv. : pvd Gudynas; margas: Kazik-margis ar. : avd. *Kazukas or similar, cf. pvd. Kazukditis, dar plg. avd. Shymon Kazukas in 1816 (IAK); 112 || DALIA SVIDERSKIENE pieva: Dumé-ia-- pievé py. : pvd Duméius or lit. dumdius ‘heads, heads; Zybes zmogus’; mus virSininkas, prievaizdas’; Mefg-a-pievé pv.: liet. merga ‘suaugusi netekéjusi moteris, mergina’; Sers-ia-pievé pyv.: pvd. Semiys; Zjd-pieve pv.: liet. das, -é ‘zydu tautyisland ‘i8 area of land entirely surrounded by water’: Biél-salé s.: pyd. White or so. ; Inscription: Kament-- upis py. : avd. *Kamentas or similar, cf. p.d. Kamentdavicius. The prevalence of Zemévardziy second sand is shown in Table 8. 8 LENSES. IS THE SECOND SANDS OF OTHER LOCATION NAMES IN KILUSIU ZEMEVARDZIU Antrieji sandai Kiekybiné Procentiné israiska israiska _-bal-; Pl Tone Metin 7 72? Remove the arrow -darzoe BS: hele 1 toi | Ghtmancrembe Om, eiektiees Fitch Saipan aoe ___ockelee is 3 10 oe ss -lank-Darfijuteurs Sead see lL tet dew -lauk-_a ee “amare: Hii ie eae witli deR aareld Midd Ri ___-pievee Dies pissed Wendt, Wea, Ie 4 tasal-7 cre Ley fey tS Ts _Up--; aul shade level The table shows that the most duriniy in the second demen are the lexems bala (~29%), kdlnas (~19%) and meeva (~13%). Rare lexical elements are kélias (~10%), dafzas and kapinés (~6%), and rare lexical elements are —lanka, laiikas, margas, sala, wis. The second sand — the real Zodis (river name): Zyd-seSupé (|| Isgrauza) pv. : let. Zvdas, -é ‘a Jewish person’ in Sesiypé up. 3.3.4. The Southern Suburbs. All of the above-mentioned —nobles: Brandzy girdité grv. : avd. Briindza is lit. girdité, cf. lit. giria; Evangelical tombs kp. : lit. evangélikai, cf. lit. evangeélikas, -é ‘protestant’ and lit. kapi; Kdlvio daFzas dr.: lietuv. kdlvis ‘one who works in metal forging’ and lietuv. darZas ‘a plot of land near a farmyard for gardening’; Marijeny kapi kp. : lit. marijonai, cf. lit. marijénas ‘monk of the Order of Mary’ and lit. kapi; Staciatikiy kapi kp. : lit. staciatikiai, plg. lit. staciatikis, -é ‘someone iSpazista MARIJAMPOLES STATE PLACE-NAMES | 113 staciatikybe’ and lit. graves; Zuvélés pieva py. : pvd Zuvélé, Zuvélis is lit. pasture. All given place names have possessive meaning. 3.4. Possible geographical names of dual origin In several cases it was difficult to determine whether the place names were derived from plant, bird and other animal names, geobotanical terms or similar personal names, or from appellatives — plant names or other generic words. The positions of action are Vedic and Hanuman. 3.4.1. APPENDICES: -other: Baland-other pv. : pvd Balavidis or lit. balafdis ‘such a bird, dove; laukinis pilvelis (Columba- )’; Mesk-other pv. : pvd Meska, Méskis or lit. meska ‘bear’; lit. méskis, méskis ‘bear, me’ka (female); riebus apystambis kumeliukas’; Padaz-other pv. : lit. padazas ‘food colouring’ or i8 lit. padazinis, -é ‘like a sauce, liquid’; Ser-iné pv. : pvd Servs or liet. Serys ‘poor, hard Zolé’; on the other hand, does not rule out the possibility of origin i8 liet. Serinis, -é ‘Siurk8tus, hard as Seriai’; Vanag-other pv. : pvd Vanagas or lit. vanagas ‘vanagu poSeimio riSis, plSrus paukStis with a short curved beak and sharp claws’; -iské: Qatar-iské dr., pv. : avd. *Qatara or similar, see pvd. Katarskis, also plg. avd. Stanislaw Katarunes 1638 (IAK) or credit. katara ‘biida, palapiné’; Sain-iské py. : pvd Salina or lit. Salna ‘Sarma, SerkSnas’; Brid-iskis drp., pv. : avd. *Bridys or similar, cf. pvd. Bridzius, or lit. brida ‘brydé; Slapumas, purvas’; Hemp-iscis pv. : pvd ‘Candpis or lit. kanadpé (Cannabis sativa)’. ‘kultirinis augalas, i$ jo stiebo gaunamas pluoStas, o i$ seklu spaudziamas aliejus; to 3.4.2. 2000: The Battle of the Bulls (TV series) 2001: The Battle of the Bulls (TV series) Strazdas or lit. strazdas ‘giesmininky Seimos paukstis (Turdus)’; Sark-a-balé pv. : pvd Sdrka or liet. Sérka ‘varny Seimos paukstis su baltomis plunksnėmis sparnuose (Pica pica)’; Slek-balé pv. : pvd Slekys or related to liet. Slék ‘Sliurk8 (repeatedly described as Zliugséjimas)’, cf. lit. slekéti, Sleka, -éjo ‘flowing, flowing’; Vanag-bale py. : pyd. Vanagas or lit. vanagas ‘the vanag of the sea, a bird with a short curved beak and sharp claws’; biida: Zebr-a-biidis pv. : pvd Zebry or similar. or lit. Zébras, -a ‘striped, mottled’; Beech: Galin-pievé pv. : pvd Talinis or liet. galinis, -é ‘the krastiné part of an object (beginning, end)’, cf. liet. galas ‘the edge, the wall’; ‘riba’. 3.5. NeaiSkios descendants There are a number of uncertain origins and uses of the place name, which can be speculated: Drapiev-iskis py. —maybe suffix -iskvedinys, whose root Drapiev-- (< *Drappiev-) is related to pvd. Drapa, Drapas or similar, is lit. meadow; Grainés Dr. — galéty biti susijes su skol. *grained ar pan., plg. vok. greinen ‘verkSlenti, bédoti, dejuoti’ (Krizi- 114 | DALIA SVIDERSKIENE nauskas 1992: 450); Silage bales pv. —probably incorrect gender of the meadow name in the questionnaires; The correspondance of the first sando of the Sudetian place name Silamleksema was not found, but considering that due to the consonant supanessie Silamatsirado i§ Silan-, the latter sando may be of personal name origin, arising in the 8th avd. *Silanas or similar, cf. pvd. Silenskas, Sildnskis. In the table below you can see the origin of the names of other objects of the Earth's surface in Marijampole province and the most common form of the name. The data are presented in numbers and percentages (see Table 9). 9 LENSES. FORM AND ORIGIN OF LANDNA- ; MES Landnames by form Landnames —ee —_._ I$ total wed Vedic He find by origin Primary i Composite Sud etiniai niniat wo a Galiiniy Priesagy Priesdeliy (dairiniai) estes _ I§ bendriniy 91 2 55 ~ 50 11 209 words (~61%) IS kity 1 -1 -1 7 10 vietovardziy -; (~3%) IS asmenvardziy 1 = 66 -32 6 105 ir apeliaciniu (~30%) asmen pavadinimy 1 bry git #8 bah Possible duality - -11 = 6 _ AZ kilmes f aia nee (-5%) Unknown 1 -1 -1 -4 if ee IS total 94 2 134 -90 24 345 (~27%) (~1%) (~39%) ; (-26%) —(~7%) _— The results of the research show that in the Slovak state the name of smaller land-based objects is mostly derived from a common word, half less from personal names and adjectives; The most common way of making jy —priesagu vediniai. 4. MISVADOS Having carried out the analysis of the origin and formation of all three layers of place names in Marijampole province (water names, names of residential places, land names), it is possible to say that the layers of place names are different, distinct, but also have similarities. Therefore, the following conclusions can be drawn: LOCATIONS OF THE STATE OF MARIJAMPOLE | 115 4.1. Operation 4.1.1. Research on the formation of place names shows that there are more secondary place names (their number varies from 66% in the residential place name layer to 86% in the water name layer). Primary place names are more abundant in the name layer of residential places (they make up about a third of these place names — 34%; in the name layer of land names they are 27%, water names — 14%). 4.1.2. In $ antriniy pronounziy in all layers the most abundant is the adverbial derived group. Most of the adverbial verbs are in the names of places of residence (~45%), the least — in the water names (~37%). 4.1.3. Placenames made by conjunction are more common for water names (~33%) and land names (~26%); composed place names, which are not abundant in the respective layers, are more common in the water layer (~10%). 4.1.4. In all the placename layers there is at least a final and a preSdéliu derivative. In the lower watershed layer ~6%, in the upper watershed —only ~4% of the inhabited area watershed layer. 4.2. Kilmé 4.2.1. In terms of origin, the majority of place names are common names (appellatives): vandenvardziy ~71% and zemévardziy ~61%. 4.2.2. In the layer of place names, place names in the form of personal and adjective personal names are predominant (~70%). This base is common for subjunctives (~30%) and adjectives (~23%). LOCATION REFERENCE ABBREVIATIONS Graz —Graziskiai (Vilkaviškio r.) Gz —Gizai (Vilkaviškio r.) JRGZ—Jurgezeriai (Marijampoles r.) Lpvn —Liudvinavas (Marijampoles r.) Lzp -Lazdijai MrJ—Marijampole MSKC —MeSkuiai (Marijampoles r.) PDvn —Padovinys (Marijampoles r.) PRN —Prienai Ras —Rasiai (Vilkaviškio r.) Sauk —Saukénai (Kelmés r.) Sit -Silavotas (Prienu r.) $n -Sunskai (Marijampolés r.) Sst —SeS8tokai (Lazdijy r.) TrkS —Trakiskiai (Marijampoles r.) VG —Vaiguva (Kelmés r.)