Textgrammatik und frühneuhochdeutsche Gebrauchstexte aus tschechischen und slowakischen Archiven (Urbar, Satzung, Kirchenlied): Analyse und Versuch der Didaktisierung

S aipsniai / A icles 29 ALBRECHT GREULE Uni e si ä Regensbu g Scien i ic esea ch a eas: Tex g amma , heolinguis ics and spi i ual song, onomas ics, and his o ical syn ax. TEXTGRAMMATIC and F ench Tex s o use OUT Czech and Du ch This is he case in he case o he Slo ak A chi es. (U ba , SATZUNG, KIRCHENLIED) This is he i s ime I' e seen his. And y i Dedica ion Teks o g ama ika i anks y ieji naująja okiečių aukš aičių kalba pa ašy i eks ai iš Čekijos i Slo akijos a chy ų (kadas ai, po a kiai, bažny inės giesmės): analizė i bandymas p i aiky i didak iškai The anno a ion Th ee ea ly New High Ge man ex s ha o igina ed in he Czech Republic (Bohemia and Mo a ia) and Slo akia a e analyzed in e ms o ex g amma . In his way i is o be desc ibed as in hese ex s o he 15 h and 16 h cen u ies. The aim o he p ojec is o imp o e he unde s anding o he ex s o he 20 h cen u y, which belong o di e en ex classes, o make he ex cohe ence comp ehensible o he ecipien and o enable him o g asp he heme o he ex . The analysis mainly uses wo s a egies: he iden i ica ion o he cen al ex objec s by elabo a ion o co- e e ence chains and he iden i ica ion o iso opy le els by ex ac ion o seman ic ea u es. F om he combina ion ALBRECHT GREULE 30 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXV o he Cen al Tex Objec s and he Iso opy Le els he heme o he ex s can be explo ed. The disse a ion also includes hin s on how ex g amma ical analysis can be used in language his o y lessons. SCÜSSELWÖRTER: His o y o language, his o ical g amma o ex s, didac ics o he a s, linguis ics o he ancien s, and hymnology. The anno a ion Th ee Ea ly New High Ge man ex s which o igina ed in he Czech Republic (Bohemia and Mo a ia) and Slo akia a e analyzed om a ex -g amma ical poin o iew. In his way he e ollows a desc ip ion o how in hese ex s o he 15 h and 16 h cen u ies, which belong o di e en ex classes, ex cohe ence was made unde s andable o he ecipien and how he was enabled o g asp he subjec o he ex . In he analysis wo s a egies a e used o his cen al issue: he s a emen o he cen al ex objec s by he cla i ica ion o ical analysis can be used in co- e e ence chains and he s a emen o iso opy-le els by he ex ac ion o seman ic ea- u es. F om he combina ion o hese cen al ex objec s and he iso opy-le els he subjec o he ex s can be classi ied. In his pape ips ha e been inco po a ed how ex -g amma- language his o y lessons. KEYWORDS: language his o y, his o ical ex g amma , subjec didac ics, cadas al linguis ics, and hymnology. 1. In oduc ion and se ing o objec i es Wi h he ollowing conside a ions, we con inue a p ojec whose ask is o es he signi icance o a ex -g amma ical model es ed on newspape ex s o he p esen on ex s o language his o y (see G eule, Kolbeck 2014). Wi h a iew o he didac ics o Ge man as a o eign language and he ole ha linguis ic ex s could play he e, we selec ea ly New High Ge man ex s om Czech and Slo ak a chi es, espec i ely in Bohemia, Mo a ia and Slo akia in he 15 h and 16 h cen u ies. cen u y ha e eme ged. I is he s a u e o he council o he ci y o Kaschau/Košice o 1404, he U ba o he P incipali y o Jäge ndo o 1531 and he Kan ional (Chu ch Songbook) o he Bohemian B o he s o 1531. F om a ex -linguis ic pe spec i e, all h ee sou ces a e "la ge ex s", which, howe e , a e di ided in o "small ex s" a di e en hie a chical le els (G eule 2012: 81[…]86). The ollowing analysis a emp s e e o h ee selec ed small ex s om he a o emen ioned sou ces. P e iously, he cul u al-his o ical peculia i ies o he S aipsniai A icles 31 and 31 Tex g amma ik und ühneuhochdeu sche Geb auchs ex e aus schechischen und slowakischen A chi en (U ba , Sa zung, Ki chenlied): Analyse und Ve such de Didak isie ung sou ce ex s a e discussed and he ques ion o he didac icisa ion o his o ical ex g amma is aised. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I deals wi h he ex -g amma ical desc ip ion o he p esen Ea ly New High Ge man, in he 15 h and 16 h cen u ies. Cen u y-old ex s o p o e he cohe ence o he ex . I is a ques ion o answe ing he ques ion o by wha linguis ic means o exp ession and con en he cohe ence o he ex is made comp ehensible o he ecipien o he ex and enables him o g asp he subjec o he ex and i s de elopmen . In addi ion, wo main s a egies come in o play: he iden i ica ion o he cen al ex objec s (ZTG) by elabo a ion o co- e e ence chains and he epe i i e seman ic ea u es, he classemes. I is unmis akable ha o he Fes s ellung on Iso opie-Ebenen du ch Ex ak ion on sich im Tex e lau analysis he aspec o he quan i ica ion o epea ing elemen s as well as he ope a ion a he sen ence le el play he main ole. In addi ion, he e is a suspicion ha he model needs o be adap ed and e ised acco dingly when applied o ex copies o di e en ypes o ex s, and he e is a signi ican need o ac ion wi h ega d o la ge ex s o linguis ic his o y (G eule 2011: 24 […] 26; G eule, Kolbeck 2014). I we also accep he no ion ha g amma is he doc ine o combina ion, which combines om he bo om up inc easingly la ge sign complexes acco ding o speci ic ules, hen we can de ine he complex "la ge ex s" as communica ions consis ing o se e al small ex s, be ween which also ex g amma ical ela ions mus be open. 3. U ba o he Fi s Hun e s DORF (1531) The U ba o he P incipali y o Jäge ndo /K no o. B un ál om 1531 is in he Landesa chi T oppau (Zémsky a chi Opa é) as an o iginal manusc ip , along wi h o he U bans w i en du ing he eign o he Ma g a es o B andenbu g-Ansbach. I was edi ed in 2010 by Sieg ied Hanke and Raine Vogel (Hanke, Vogel 2010: 18100). Ma g a e Geo ge o ALBRECHT GREULE 32 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXV (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) B andenbu g had he U ba w i en in Ge man and closely based on a p e ious U ba w i en in Old Czech om 1523. In he U bans a e eco ded he lying es a es, equi able and axes o a spi i ual o secula landlo d; They a e he e o e a ibu ed o he "domanial ex s". We know qui e a bi abou he p imo dial genesis. O iginally, i is assumed ha he goods and equi y we e collec ed on he spo by ques ioning he in e es -bea e s and hen ixed in w i ing in he p incely chance y in an U ba . F om his i ollows o he p imi i e linguis ics ha in he p imi i e w i en in one o he e nacula languages he e is a mix u e o spoken and w i en language, which was no eco ded in such a pe ec […]o hog aphy[…] as we would expec i oday (G eule 2003: 58[…]61). F om a unc ional poin o iew, egis e s a e ega ded as di ec o ies wi h an appeal unc ion: hey eco d goods and igh s and he income de i ed om hem, which, on he basis o he w i en Au zeichnung als Leis ungen de Zinsp lich igen einge o de we den können. (G eule 2003: 63) Das U ba des Fü s en ums Jäge ndo is als G oß ex un e gliede in die Collec ion o axes om en locali ies in he P incipali y; These ex complexes a e b oken down pe place in o small ex s, which eco d he du ies in he espec i e place unde hema ic headings. Analysis: pa ial ex o small ex […]Maye ho […] (Hanke, Vogel 2010: 18 .) Bo h in e ms o linguis ic analysis and he didac icisa ion o such a ex , i is necessa y o wo k ou i s syn ac ic s uc u es and i s lexical po en ial (special ocabula y) agains he backg ound o he communica i e unc ion. The analysis o syn ac ic s uc u es is mani es ed in he ollowing lis o 24 Minimal Tex Uni s (MTE). Sub i le: Maye ho 1: Vnnd e (m) cas le Lobens ain is ain maye ho , wol oe economy loca ed, he same wol buil , Vnd has da zue much ac e Vnd gue di ec ed, V weliche Ecke au en win e IX mal e Vnd au en summe equal so il Inn o ime mo e Vnd less may build y. 2: To he same cas le la e much hen da ed wysn, as well as Vnd en Vo zaichen , Scha VIc Vnd iech ain schock, zenn Zug, Rey p e d much, 3: his one da es o gi e a na i e nod. S aipsniai A icles 33 and 33 Tex g amma ik und ühneuhochdeu sche Geb auchs ex e aus schechischen und slowakischen A chi en (U ba , Sa zung, Ki chenlied): Analyse und Ve such de Didak isie ung 4: [i em] he gea s o his cas le be good, 5: In because one may see in he cake maniche ley Zuemuße one. [i em 6:] A la ge nd u ili y pai o o cha ds, which can be used wi h obis nd g ass. Fo he same ga den may be enjoyed by a man wi h an obis and g ass. 9: [i em] The d y ee ga den is a hind ance o he maye ho nd e m planken, 10: which is also en iched wi h obis nd g ass. [i em 11:] The ie y bawmga en mb he cas le open planks new buil , which (man) wi h obis nd g ass may be enjoyed. 12: [i em] The same ie ce bawm ga den Je lich may be enjoyed bey he XX , In which zai mo e nnd less. [i em 13:] Go o he cas le o be blackened by welding p e iously pu chased, 14: de selbenn den nu z Hie gese z , ain Ja Zuem ande n gese z XX , Zai en meh o less. 15: [i em] Inn denn selben welden sein pynbeu en on d ayen Hol ze n, 16: gieb man ain messel mehd Konnek o : nd 17: soliche messel hel Inn siech IIII qua med. 18: Die zs mag man Je lich genissen ain gulden zai en meh nnd wenige . [i em] Vnd e m cas le la e zway wa e , in which la e d i e, g ound nd 19: He li zen, 20: he same may be enjoyed Je lich au III golden Zue Zai en mo e nd less. […] 21: A good nd nu zpa bach nd e m schlos, In which la e a en, Eschenn nd o he wa e s iesch zue nod u used, 22: o he same one may enjoy Je lich VI golden inn o he Tzai mo e nd less. [i em 23:] Vnd e he cas le la e big wiesn 24: au he same one may IXc wagen hew make Inn he Zai nd less. ha e one o mo e p e ixes, ha e been Die MTE sind dadu ch gewonnen wo den, dass nach dem syn ak ischen K i e ium 20 ein ache und komplexe Ve balsä ze, also solche Äuße ungen, die sepa a ed. Only ou exp essions (MTE 5, MTE 6, MTE 10, MTE 21) do no con ain a main clause p edica e and a e conside ed o be so-called sen ences. The […] also didac ic […] u he p ocedu e p esupposes an unde s anding o he ex , which should also be se ed by he di ision in o smalles syn ac ic uni s. This depends bo h on he communica i e unc ion ( egis a ion ALBRECHT GREULE 34 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXV de Gü e und ih en E ag ü den Landeshe n) als auch om Ve s ändnis de Lexeme, especially he specialized lexeme such as mal e , shock, zuemuße, genissenn, pynbeu en, messel mehd, ah en, g undln, he li zen, and aschen. They can be easily iden i ied by he glossa y a ached o he edi ion by Hanke/Vogel. Howe e , he e emain he spellings ha make i di icul o unde s and he ex , which no only di e signi ican ly om oday's Ge man o hog aphy, bu also suppo he con empo a y sen ence s uc u e only sligh ly. Tha is why a linguis ically ewa ding exe cise can be unde aken he e, which consis s in adap ing he spelling o 1531 o oday's o hog aphy as bes i can be done. Th ough his exe cise, he communica i e alue o capi al le e s and double le e s becomes especially ecognizable. A i s s ep owa ds he iden i ica ion o he iso opy le els ha o m he seman ic backg ound o he ex is he classi ica ion o he p edica es se s, da , die zu o am bes en du ch Un e s eichen he ausgehoben we den. Quan- i izie man die sich wiede holenden P ädika e un e seman ischem Aspek , e geben sich au g und de Häu igkei olgende Iso opien mi den Klassemen ‘Exis enz’ (sein , ha ) und ‘bekommen/den Nu zen haben’ (mag geniessenn, mag genossen we den, lasse geniessenn, sein …zue nod u geb auchen, den nu z…ge- may gi e, gi es. In addi ion, he po en ial modali y exp essed by he equen modal e b may […] can […] is ema kable. Fu he mo e, he exis ence p edica es a e called he "exis ence ca ie s", bu no he use p edica es o he bene icia ies, unless by he gene alizing p o-noun man. The la e is no su p ising, since he bene icia y was he landlo d who ini ia ed he U ba , who does no need o be men ioned again and again (wi h all he i les). F om MTE 12 onwa ds, he espec i e bene i s will be con e ed in o (money) Amoun s gi en. On he subjec o he ex in he sense o a summa y, which also appea s as Übe sch i ungie en könn e, gelangen wi du ch die Fes s ellung de ZTG, he esul o he sequence o epea ed e e ences: maye ho (1) […] Hinde he maye ho (9) Schloss Lobens ain (1) […] To he same schlos (2) […] To his schlos (13) […] mb he schlos (4) (11) […] To he schlos […] Vnd e m schlos (19) […] nd e m schlos (21) […] Vnd e o he cas le (23) Ve y good wines (2) […] g ea wines (23)! ! […] au he same (24) he Ge en (4) […] In denn (5) […] A...bawmga en […] he nide ga en (7) - he same ga den ee […] The d y e baumga en (9) […] he (10) […] The ie y bawmga en (11) […] The same ie ce bawmga en (12) Weld ([…]Wälde )) (13) […] he selbenn (14) […] Inn i sel welden pynbeu en ([…]Hon messige ag) (15) […] ainel mehnde messel (19 (17) […] zway wa e (8) […] he same (20) […] Einbach (21 (16) […] he same (20). F om he combina ion o he Die zs (also known as Da on) (18) S aipsniai A icles 35 and Tex g amma ik und ühneuhochdeu sche Geb auchs ex e aus schechischen und slowakischen A chi en (U ba , Sa zung, Ki chenlied): Analyse und Ve such de Didak isie ung classemes (iso opes) wi h he ZTG, he ex heme can be de eloped and o mula ed as ollows: "F om he meadows, ga dens, o es s, honeycombs and wa e s belonging o he Meie ho below Lobens ein Cas le, he ollowing (indi idually speci ied) bene i s a e possible". The ac ha he subjec in his o mula ion does no appea as a heading (supe ex ) is due o he ac ha he locali y o Lobens ein Cas le is men ioned in he main heading and Meie ho in he heading. The es o he subjec would be he same in he heading o a ex s uc u e, and he unc ion o he ex , o name he goods and hei bene i s, is clea and known om he unc ion o he u ban. The la e ein oduc ion o he ca ego y "Wiesen" in MTE 23 sugges s an addi ion ha can be explained by a mis ake on he pa o he w i e . In i s unc ion, he i em ha can be speci ied g amma ically as a subdi ision connec o ul ima ely emains unclea (see also below 4.) A icle 4 o he Ci y Council KHAUASC o KOŠICE (1404) Schon die Besch eibung de Handsch i du ch Ilpo Tapani Pii ainen lie e wich ige Hinweise au ex g amma ische S uk u en, die an de Edi ion nach- ollzogen we den können (Pii ainen 1987: 239 .). Die Sa zung des Ra es de The ci y o Košice/Kaschau o 1404 (sho : S a u e) is a homogeneous, exis ing complex ex o small ex s ([…]A icles[…]) ha se e exclusi ely he unc ion o legisla ion ([…]Tex so e […]Sa zung[…]) and a e clea ly dema ca ed om each o he . In addi ion o he 47 a icles, he small ex s, he o e all ex ( he manusc ip ) includes an in oduc ion, which, howe e , does no exceed he scope o a small ex . The ex o he manusc ip is p in ed in he edi ion in a diploma ic, li e al o m. This p obably also applies o he punc ua ion, so ha he punc ua ion o commas as he only punc ua ion in he edi ion only con ibu es o he con en o he ex . The same applies o he Ve sailles. The sen ence dema ca ion impo an o he ex g amma ical analysis mus be in e p e ed by he analyze o he ex . ALBRECHT GREULE 36 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXV (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) Analysis o he 21s A icles (Pii ainen 1987: 246) Sup a ex : The eyn ndcz enczigs e a icle1 1: [I em] keyn ngebe ey elkey p o e b nnüczlich awmen üs e en In siczenden ed sol no seyn, Konnek o : sunde In he ed sol, which is he mos common o m o he wo d I' e sen you o hea wha 's going on, ha you' e no a nuisance, ha you' e no a hind ance. Connec o : I em also 3: keyn ngebe d ou wa d o he ed mid enande sol seyn be o e common ley en czu a oid e ge niß, connec o : Vnd also 4: Keyn ande sach sol eyenge agen will dye he same czey ha e seen especially u dy sach dy is o ac , Konnek o : nd 5: keyne ley o he hing o bea ye ouch, whom dy men ac s o he senses o he s anding Al hough MTE 5 is an in ini i e cons uc ion coo dina ed wi h he in ini i e cons uc ion in MTE 4 (especially i you ha e seen...) I ha e i as an independen , bu ellip ical sen ence, in which […]sol men[…] is o be added, abge enn . Co- e e ence by a) iden ical epe i ion o Nomina: - Dy sach (2) - keyn ande sach, dy sach (4) - keyne ley ande sach (5) - keyn ngebe (1) […] keyn ngebe d (3) - in siczenden ed (1) […] ou o he ed (3) b) iden ical epe i ion o e bs: - ac ing (2) ac ing (4) - ac ing (5) Simila ly, when he council si s, he e should be no indecen beha iou , no idleness, no "p o e b", no useless whispe ing, no oo s eps. Ra he , e e yone should be p epa ed o hea wha is o be nego ia ed so ha he ma e is nei he dis u bed no hinde ed. Simila ly, he e should be no imp ope beha iou ou side he Council in o de o a oid annoyance o he gene al public. And no o he ma e should be b ough up a he same ime, bu one should concen a e on he ma e ha is being nego ia ed. And do no b ing in o ouch any hing o he han wha you a e dealing wi h. S aipsniai A icles 37 and 37 Tex g amma ik und ühneuhochdeu sche Geb auchs ex e aus schechischen und slowakischen A chi en (U ba , Sa zung, Ki chenlied): Analyse und Ve such de Didak isie ung - ca ying (4) […] ca ying (5) Co espondence by con igui y (Tä igkei en des Ra s): siczenden o (1) o ac , dy sach (2) o ca y sach, o ac (4) o ca y sach, o ac (5) S uc u al ecu ence o syn ac ic pa allelism: nega ed modal p edica e: sol no seyn (1) (keyn...) sol seyn (3) (keyn sol a e ca ied eyed (4)...) (sol) eyn bea o ouch (5, ellip ical). Compa able a e he s a e passi e in he conjunc i e sey sen zw ho en and he passi e sen ence o m ha e no dis u bance (2), which could be unde s ood as exp essi e a ian s (ins ead o sol seyn sen , sol ha e no dis u bance). Iso opy wi h he class "undue beha iou ": ngebe ey elkey p o e b nnüczlich awmen üs e en (1) […] dis u bance...no hinde niß (2) […] ngebe d, e ge niß (3) - o he sach... eyn agen (4) - o he sach eyn agen s ill ouch (5) All i e MTE a e connec ed o each o he by ad e sa i e and coo dina ing connec o s. This inding may be due o he ype o ex , which equi es a clea s uc u e. Le 's y om his ex g amma ical in o ma ion, he opic o he 21. I you wan o cons uc an a icle, you i s no ice a nega ed modal p edica e in ou MTE's, which is almos s e eo ypically o mula ed as in he Ten Commandmen s (e.g. "You shall no s eal"). Only in MTE2 is he Ve Agens) called; ‘E e y ou e in MTE 2 is oo ague. The e is a gap he e, which is ei he anapho ic o ca apho ic om he 20 h o he 22nd. A icle […] in he hope ha an […]add ess[…] can be ound he e […] can be closed and hus becomes a p oblem o he g amma o he la ge ex . The subjec o bo im Konjunk i (sey, habe) e was abgeschwäch ausged ück . Die Modali ä , die Eins ellung des Sp echenden/Sch eibenden gegenübe dem Lesenden/Hö- enden, bleib die gleiche. Dabei äll au , dass kein Ad essa (syn ak isch: kein he 21s . A icles can be o mula ed om he in e ac ion o he ex -g amma ical ela ionships as ollows: […]An unnamed au ho X o de s unnamed add essees Y o a oid dis u bances o he Council mee ing[…]. The place and ime whe e his is o ake place a e no gi en. Since he con en o MTE 3 does no ela e o he beha iou in, bu ou side, he Council mee ing, i can be unde s ood as a sub- heme, which he au ho o he S a u e in oduces in a s iking way wi h I em, a coo dina ing connec o a he beginning o he small ex s. The a iables X and Y in he heme o mula ion a e in ended o e lec he independence o he ALBRECHT GREULE 44 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXV (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) Teks o g ama ika i anks y ieji naująja okiečių aukš aičių kalba pa ašy i eks ai iš Čekijos i Slo akijos a chy ų (kadas ai, po a kiai, bažny inės giesmės): analizė i bandymas p i aiky i didak iškai The SANTRAUKA S aipsnyje g ama iniu aspek u analizuojami ys anks y osios naujosios okiečių aukš aičių kalbos eks ai iš Čekijos Respublikos (Bohemia and Mo a ia) and Slo akia. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he Czech Republic ha he language has been analyzed in his way. Ap a iama, kokiais būdais šiuose XV a. and XVI a. ex uose, p iski iamuose ski ingoms ex s o classes, add essed pe eikiama ex s cohe ence i jo heme. This is he i s ime ha he ex has been ansla ed in o English. This is he main ques ion o analyzing he wo-s ep s a egy: he main ex objec s a he ecogni ion de e mining he co ela ion o he g andines wi h he iso opic le els o he dis inc i e seman ics o he požymius. The possible classi ica ion acco ding o he combina ion o hese main ex s o objec s and iso opic le els. We a e p esen ing ecommenda ions, how o analyze he g amma o he ex , how o adap i o he his o y o he language. I was published on 15 Decembe 2014. ALBRECHT GREULE Uni e si ä Regensbu g The Ins i u e o Ge man S udies, D-93040 Regensbu g. This is Alb ech .