Ci a ion: Dueñas, M.T.; López, P.
Func ional Analysis o Lac ic Acid
Bac e ia and Bi idobac e ia and Thei
E ec s on Human Heal h. Foods 2022,
11, 2293. h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/
oods11152293
Recei ed: 19 July 2022
Accep ed: 29 July 2022
Published: 1 Augus 2022
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oods
Edi o ial
Func ional Analysis o Lac ic Acid Bac e ia and Bi idobac e ia
and Thei E ec s on Human Heal h
Ma ía Te esa Dueñas 1and Paloma López 2,*
1Facul y o Chemis y, Uni e si y o he Basque Coun y (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebas ián, Spain;
[email p o ec ed]
2Cen o de In es igaciones Biológicas Ma ga i a Salas (CIB, CSIC), 28040 Mad id, Spain
*Co espondence: [email p o ec ed]; Tel.: +34-91109815
Many lac ic acid bac e ia (LAB) and Bi idobac e ia a e bene icial componen s o hu-
man, animal, oods, and be e age mic obio a. Due o hei p obio ic p ope ies, and he
unc ionali y o he me aboli es ha hey p oduce, hey a e widely used as componen s,
s a e s, and adjunc cul u es in dai y p oduc s and be e ages. Mo eo e , hei use is
ex ending o o he sec o s such as bake y and mea p oduc s.
The p obio ic p ope ies o bac e ia as well as he me aboli es p oduced by hem
a e s ain speci ic. The e o e, in his Special Issue, LAB and bi idobac e ia wi h po en ial
bene icial in luence agains human i al in ec ions [
1
,
2
] o obesi y [
3
] we e in es iga ed.
Mo eo e , he cu en knowledge and u u e pe spec i es conce ning he ole o pos bio ics
isola ed om LAB in diabe es melli us is p esen ed [
4
]. Thus, he e ec o Ligilac obacillus
sali a ius MP101 adminis a ed in a dai y p oduc o elde ly people in a nu sing home was
e alua ed. The unc ional (Ba hel index) and he nu i ional (MNA sco e) alues o he
s udied popula ion imp o ed signi ican ly a e he ial. Fu he mo e, he concen a ions
o se e al in lamma ion- ela ed immune ac o s we e al e ed a e he ial, wi h he esul s
indica ing ha L. sali a ius MP101 could be a po en ial p obio ic o elde ly people [
1
].
In addi ion, he an i i al and immunological in luence o Lac obacillus mucosae 1025 and
Bi idobac e ium b e e CCFM1026 we e in es iga ed in a mouse model o in luenza i us
in ec ion. The esul s showed ha a combina ion o bo h bac e ia educes he mouse
mo ali y and indica ed ha he an i i al mechanism is due o inhibi ion o he i al loading
because o inc eased exp ession o he an i i al p o ein MxA, which was closely associa ed
wi h inc eased bu y a e p oduc ion due o gu mic obio a al e a ion [
2
]. Fu he mo e,
Thi y-one LAB, isola ed om kimchi in Sou h Ko ea, we e analyzed
in i o
o an i-
obesi y p ope ies, and among hem, ou we e selec ed o es ing in an obese C57BL/6J
mouse model. Reduc ion o obesi y was e alua ed by weigh measu emen and se um
analyses. The exp ession o li e genes in ol ed in obesi y, and he le els o an ioxidan
p o eins in he li e we e also in es iga ed. The esul s suppo ed ha L. e men um
SMFM2017-NK4 has an i-obesi y e ec s by inhibi ing a accumula ion [
3
]. Pos bio ics
consis o bac e ial cell s uc u es, hei sec e ed molecules o me abolic by-p oduc s, and/o
dead mic oo ganisms. The e iew men ioned abo e [
4
] desc ibes he e ec s on diabe es
melli us o exopolysaccha ides, gamma-aminobu y ic acid (GABA), ex acellula esicles,
supe na an s, ex ac s, su ac an s, and dead mic oo ganisms. The au ho s concluded ha
pos bio ics ha e po en ial as new he apeu ic agen s o comba diabe es melli us [4].
The me abolic p oduc s om LAB such as some exopolysaccha ides (EPS) and i a-
mins ha e o he bene icial p ope ies o human heal h, such as an i-in lamma o y and
immunomodula o y ac i i ies. Mo eo e , hei p oduc ion in si u du ing ood ma ix
e men a ion can gene a e unc ional ood. Thus, in his Special Issue, o y- wo LAB
we e isola ed om e men ed doughs, and wen y-one o hem we e cha ac e ized as
homopolysaccha ide (dex an) and i amin B
2
p oduce s, wi h he aim o hei u u e
usage o p epa a ion o mul i unc ional b ead [
5
]. Mo eo e , he biological unc ions o
Foods 2022,11, 2293. h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/ oods11152293 h ps://www.mdpi.com/jou nal/ oods
Foods 2022,11, 2293 2 o 3
LAB exopolysaccha ides we e e iewed in his Special Issue and he po en ial bene i s o
human and a med animals we e de ailed and discussed [6].
The EPS play a ole in he o ganolep ic p ope ies o ood and be e ages. In he i s
case, hei e ec is posi i e. Howe e , o alcoholic be e ages he in luence o he EPS is
con o e sial, since adi ionally he p esence o
β
-glucan syn hesized by LAB gene a e
he “ opy” pheno ype ha p o oke he spoilage o cide and wine. Thus, in his Special
Issue, he cu en knowledge o EPS p oduc ion by LAB in alcoholic be e ages (wine, cide ,
e c.), was e iewed, including hei be e age spoilage cha ac e is ics and hei in luence on
wine senso ial p ope ies [
7
]. Addi ionally, LAB p oduce EPS du ing e men a ion o Ke i
g ains. In addi ion, in his Special Issue includes a e iew desc ibing he cha ac e is ics
and iden i ica ion o p obio ics om Lac icaseibacillus pa acasei. A special emphasis on
desc ip ion and unc ional p ope ies o he EPS p oduced by hese LAB has been made [
8
].
Addi ionally, LAB isola ed om Mexican ke i g ains and belonging o Lac ococcus,
Lac obacillus, and Leuconos oc gene a we e cha ac e ized. Thei p obio ic cha ac e is ics,
including, among o he s, esis ance o he gas oin es inal s ess, adhesion o en e ocy es,
pe meabili y o p ebio ics, and GABA p oduc ion we e in es iga ed wi h he u u e aim o
u iliza ion o hese bac e ia o elabo a ion o unc ional dai y p oduc s [9].
Fu he mo e, ano he ood ma ix (camel milk) was used o he isola ion and iden i-
ica ion o six GABA-p oducing Lac ococcus lac is s ains. The echnological p ope ies o
hese LAB we e in es iga ed as well as hei pe o mance du ing expe imen al cab ales-like
mini cheese making [10].
In addi ion, one hund ed and six LAB we e isola ed om e men ed mea (pance a
and p osciu o). The molecula iden i ica ion (de e mina ion o he 16S RNA coding gene
sequence) o he s ains e ealed ha he mos p edominan species was Lac iplan ibacillus
plan a um. Analysis o hei po en ial p obio ic p ope ies e ealed ha L. plan a um 41G
isola ed om p osciu o was he bes candida e and ha e men ed mea is a good subs a e
o isola e p obio ic LAB [11].
Finally, ood p ese a ion and sa e y is ano he issue whe e LAB can play a posi i e
ole. The e o e, in his Special Issue, a wo k is included in which he e ec o he nisin
A-p oducing Lac ococcus lac is ssp. lac is 32 s ain was in es iga ed (o he nisin i sel ) on
Clos idium y obu y icum using as a model sys em, a chedda cheese ma ix [12].
Au ho Con ibu ions:
W i ing— e iew and edi ing, M.T.D. and P.L. All au ho s ha e ead and
ag eed o he published e sion o he manusc ip .
Funding:
This esea ch was unded by he Spanish Minis y o Science, Inno a ion and Uni e si ies,
g an numbe RTI2018-097114-B-I00.
Acknowledgmen s: We hank S.W. Elson o c i ical eading o he manusc ip .
Con lic s o In e es : The au ho s decla e no con lic o in e es .
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