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con inued on nex page
Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709
USCGC Healy, he i s pola ice-
b eake o be commissioned by
he Uni ed S a es Coas Gua d since
1978, was launched in 1997 (see Wi ness
Sp ing and Au umn 1998) and deli e ed
in No embe 1999.
The ship is named o Cap ain
Michael A. Healy, a legenda y igu e o
Alaskan his o y and Commanding O ice
o he U.S. Re enue Cu e s Co win
(1884–85) and Bea (1886–95); Cap ain
Healy’s oyages we e impo an in ea ly
explo a ion and mapping o he A c ic.
USCGC Healy was designed as a high-
la i ude esea ch pla o m o conduc ing
a wide a ie y o esea ch asks in di e se
ields o science and enginee ing, and o
ex ended pola ope a ions including he
abili y o win e o e o planned science
missions. The Coas Gua d in ends o
ope a e he ship p ima ily as an a c ic
esea ch essel scheduled o up o 200
Healy
P epa es o A c ic Ope a ions
by Jona han Be kson and Geo ge Dup ee
ope a ional days pe yea . USCGC Healy
is commanded by Cap ain Je ey Ga e .
E en be o e he U.S. Cong ess au ho-
ized unds o build he Healy in 1990,
essel equi emen s o a esea ch ice-
b eake we e de eloped wi h inpu om
go e nmen al, academic, and indus ial
g oups. The de ailed design and cons uc-
ion con ac , managed by he Na al Sea
Sys ems Command, was awa ded o
A ondale Indus ies, Inc. in July 1993.
The p og am o ice consis s o Na al Sea
Sys ems Command o ice s, ci ilian
employees, and Coas Gua d o ice s.
Coas Gua d Cap ain G eg Johnson is he
P og am Manage . The Na y Supe iso
o Shipbuilding in New O leans, h ough
a Coas Gua d o ice o echnical pe son-
nel, managed he cons uc ion con ac ,
and will also manage he enginee ing
shakedown, as well as he iceb eaking and
science ials.
To inc ease in ol emen o he scien-
i ic communi y du ing cons uc ion and
es ing, he Uni e si y-Na ional Oceano-
g aphic Labo a o y Sys em (UNOLS)
A c ic Iceb eake Coo dina ing Commi -
ee (AICC) was o med in Sep embe 1996,
wi h D . James H. Swi as Chai man (see
Wi ness Sp ing 1997). The ini ial design o
he scien i ic spaces on Healy was modi ied
on he basis o inpu om scien is s. The
AICC, which is suppo ed join ly by he
U.S. Coas Gua d and NSF, p o ided
aluable inpu o he design o he science
sui e. I also p o ides ad ice o he plan-
ning and ope a ion o a c ic science sup-
po o he wo Pola Class iceb eake s
Pola S a and Pola Sea.
Healy
’s Capabili ies
Wi h a leng h o 420 ee , beam o
82 ee , and displacemen o o e 16,000
ons, Healy will be one o he wo ld’s la g-
es non-nuclea pola iceb eake s. The
ship, buil by A ondale Indus ies, Inc.,
New O leans, Louisiana, has diesel elec ic
p opulsion wi h 30,000 sha ho sepowe .
The ship con ol sys ems include:
• an an i- oll s abiliza ion ank,
• a bow h us e ,
• wo udde s,
• ixed pi ch p opelle s, and
The Healy is equipped wi h a highly au oma ed
enginee ing plan , a s a e-o - he-a a ay o na iga-
ional equipmen , ex ensi e communica ion and
compu e sys ems, a oyage-managemen sys em, and
a mode n sui e o science sys ems ( igu e cou esy o he
U.S. Coas Gua d).
ARCTIC
Ch onicles o he NSF A c ic Sciences P og am Sp ing/Au umn 1999, Volume 7 Numbe 1
2
Fea u e A icle
• a bow wash-bow h us e sys em ha
can lub ica e he hull du ing iceb eaking
ope a ions.
The minimum iceb eaking design
equi emen s a e 4.5 ee a 3 kno s going
ahead and 8 ee backing and amming.
The compu e ized, in eg a ed na iga ion
sys em will use elec onic cha s, an au o-
pilo , and elec onic posi ioning in o ma-
ion o au oma e many ship con ol unc-
ions. A dynamic posi ioning sys em
allows p ecise s a ion-keeping and
mo emen .
In addi ion o a a ie y o ship
communica ion sys ems, a sepa a e sys em
will p o ide dedica ed sa elli e communi-
Labo a o y and
Science Suppo
Spaces
(in squa e ee )
Main Labo a o y 1,233
We Labo a o y 390
Biological/Chemical Analysis Lab 310
Clima e-Con olled Chambe s (2) 200
Alo Conning S a ion 256
(Wildli e Obse a ion Pla o m)
Me eo ological Labo a o y 64
Lounge/Lib a y/Con e ence Room 300
Di e Locke Facili ies 225
Pho og aphy Labo a o y 105
Communica ions Cen e 62
Elec onics/Compu e Labo a o y 528
Fu u e Labo a o y 475
Conning S a ion 439
Haza dous Ma e ials Locke 100
F eeze 130
Re ige a o 130
D y Assembly A ea 152
Ves ibule/A c ic Gea Locke 240
Science S aging A eas
S a boa d S aging A ea 315
A S aging A ea 315
Ex e io Suppo Spaces
Dayligh Incuba ion A ea 108
Fo wa d Wo king Deck 820
S a boa d O e side Handling A ea 600
A Wo king Deck 3,000
ca ions o scien i ic wo k. Healy is also
equipped wi h a ship-wide compu e ized
da a-logging sys em o eco d and s o e
da a om he na iga ion, oceanog aphic,
enginee ing, and communica ions sys ems.
Healy was designed speci ically o accom-
moda e scien i ic ope a ions. Fo example:
• sona hyd ophones a e lush-moun ed
in he hull,
• he ship’s engines a e loca ed on he
main deck o educe noise o he sona
sys ems, and
• he ship has he abili y o hold o e -
boa d discha ges up o 24 hou s o allow
uncon amina ed wa e sampling.
Wi h a c ew o 75 and maximum
scien i ic pa y o 50, Healy accommoda es
mo e scien is s han he Coas Gua d’s
Pola Class iceb eake s wi h hal he c ew.
The ship no mally will ca y 35 scien is s
li ing wo o a s a e oom. Each science
s a e oom can accommoda e a hi d
pe son in a old-down ack; his allows a
su ge capaci y o 50 people. Li ing spaces
dedica ed o he science use s include wo
con e ence ooms, a lounge, and lib a y.
In addi ion, all pe sonnel ha e access o
he cen al mess oom, laund y, gym, he
ship’s s o e, and medical ea men .
Healy is well equipped o owing and
o handling he wide a ie y o senso
a ays and oceanog aphic gea needed o
ocean esea ch. Deck equipmen and i e
c anes a e s a egically loca ed o :
• loading supplies and equipmen ,
• se ing up expe imen s,
• posi ioning ans, and
• deploying/ eco e ing scien i ic gea and
boa s.
Two sepa a e ocean winches and a
double-d um awl/co e winch a e
a ailable o scien i ic ope a ions. A- ames
loca ed on he s e n and s a boa d qua e
p o ide e sa ili y o o e - he-side ope a-
ions. Two helicop e s and i e boa s a e
a ailable o aiding science ope a ions and
logis ics. Healy has a helicop e deck, a
hanga , and will no mally ca y wo HH-
65 helicop e s. The ship can also ca y:
• one 39- oo A c ic Su ey (ABS) boa ,
• wo 36- oo LCVP ca go boa s, and
• wo 23- oo Rigid Hull In la able Boa s.
Science sys ems and equipmen on
Healy include he:
• Acous ic Dopple Cu en P o ile
(ADCP);
• Ba hy2000 dep h sounding and
subbo om p o iling sys em;
• SeaBeam 2112 mul ibeam sona sys em;
• Oceanog aphic Da a Acquisi ion Sys em
(ODAS) o expendable oceanog aphic
p obes (e.g., Expendable Ba hy he mo-
g aphs);
• Te aScan wea he sa elli e sys em;
• me eo ological measu emen sys em;
• Conduc i i y-Dep h-Tempe a u e
(CDT) acquisi ion and analysis sys em;
• ose e wa e sampling sys em;
• a bow owe o clean ai expe imen s;
• a dedica ed a ea o dayligh incuba ion
expe imen s;
• a con inuous low, seawa e sampling
sys em; and
• a jumbo co ing sys em.
Da a will be s o ed and analyzed wi h
he aid o a dedica ed ibe op ic Science
Da a Ne wo k (SDN) wi h compu e
jacks h oughou he ship, including wo
in each s a e oom. The SDN will da e-
and ime-s amp all da a collec ed om he
24 ins alled scien i ic, na iga ional, and
enginee ing sys ems and will ha e he
capabili y o handling 12 addi ional
sys ems, such as o he senso s ha scien-
is s may ins all. To minimize he e ec
o disk c ashes, iles will be simul aneously
s o ed on wo sepa a e ha d disks. Fo
con enience o he scien is s, he sys em
will allow he use o Mic oso , OS-2,
Apple, and UNIX ope a ing sys ems. Da a
can be ans e ed by e-mail ia INMAR-
SAT h ough he dedica ed science com-
munica ions sys em.
Pe o mance T ials
Healy will s a a se ies o wa m wa e
shakedown es s in he Gul o Mexico and
Ca ibbean Sea in ea ly 2000. Du ing hese
pos -deli e y es s, all scien i ic equipmen
will be es ed, and he bo om mapping
sona will be calib a ed. Following he
wa m wa e es s, Healy will begin a no h-
wa d ansi o he eas e n A c ic o con-
duc six weeks o iceb eaking pe o mance
ials ollowed by ou weeks o science
sui e es ing and e alua ion. In conjunc-
ion wi h he AICC and he UNOLS
Resea ch Vessel Technical Enhancemen
Commi ee (RVTEC), chai ed by John
S. F ei ag, he Healy p ojec o ice has con-
ac ed wi h a g oup o enginee s, scien-
is s, and echnicians o conduc igo ous
3
The e a e o e 5,000 squa e ee o in e io science labo a o ies and science suppo ooms in addi ion o co e ed science
s aging a eas and ex e io space on he Healy. The main science lab is he scien i ic ope a ions cen e and has immedia e
access o he we lab, he d y assembly a ea, science es ibule, haza dous ma e ial locke , wo o he science ans, he wo
science s aging a eas, and he a e wo king deck. The layou allows scien is s o mo e om he s a e oom o mess a ea o
he a e wo king deck wi hou going h ough he main science lab o he wea he . The biological/chemical analysis lab
and he clima e-con olled chambe s a e also accessible om he in e io o he ship wi hou going h ough he main
science lab. The h ee science ca go holds p o ide o up o 20,000 cubic ee o s o age space wi h hois . Each o he wo
s aging a eas o science ope a ions has olle doo access wi h a eeze cu ain o he wea he deck. In addi ion he e a e
spaces o eigh 20- oo science ans ( wo on he 01 le el bow, wo on he 02 le el po and s a boa d, and ou on he
an ail, wo o which open in o he ship and wo on o he an ail) and wo 40- oo science ans (02 le el po and
s a boa d in he loca ion o he science wo k boa and he LCVPs). The science an spaces a e p o ided wi h mos ship
se ices, including elephone, Science Da a Ne wo k, a ious wa e sys ems, and elec ical powe ( igu e cou esy o he
U.S. Coas Gua d and James Swi ).
in eg a ed es ing o all science sys ems
h oughou he shakedown pe iod.
Healy will ansi o he homepo o
Sea le a he conclusion o he es ing
and ials p og am.
Healy will be ope a ed by he Coas
Gua d as a dedica ed esea ch essel o
he di e se needs o he U.S. science
communi y, wi h se ices equi alen o
hose p o ided on UNOLS la ge esea ch
essels. Du ing he shakedown c uises, he
Coas Gua d will e ine adminis a i e and
ope a ional p ocedu es o op imize se -
ices. The complex a ay o science equip-
men will be ope a ed by Coas Gua d
Ma ine Science Technicians wi h suppo
om con ac ed specialis s as equi ed.
Science C uises
Healy’s i s un es ic ed science c uise
is an icipa ed o 2001, a e comple ion
o main enance and wa an y wo k
equi ed by shakedown ope a ions. E i-
cien and ull u iliza ion o Healy in he
A c ic will equi e expedi iona y planning
o iden i y and coo dina e schedules and
logis ics, and o a ange o companion
essels when high-a c ic missions a e
made. The AICC held he i s annual
a c ic planning mee ing in Decembe
1999, a he annual all Ame ican Geo-
physical Union mee ing in San F ancisco,
o discuss a i e-yea olling communi y-
d a ed plan o a c ic ma ine science use
o Coas Gua d iceb eake s. The ad en
o Healy, wi h i s ex ensi e capabili ies
and dedica ed scien i ic mission signals an
unp eceden ed e a o esea ch oppo uni y
in he A c ic.
To schedule ime on Healy, see he
UNOLS web si e h p://gso.u i.edu/unols/
unols.h ml. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he
Coas Gua d web page o Healy h p://
www.uscg.mil/hq/g-a/Healy.
Jona han Be kson is he Ma ine Science
Ad iso a Coas Gua d Headqua e s.
Geo ge DuP ee is a U.S. Coas Gua d Com-
mande and he Chie o he Iceb eaking
Di ision.
Main Deck
01 Deck
HAZ
MAT'L
LKR
CLIMATE
CONTROL
CHAMBER
CLIMATE
CONTROL
CHAMBER
BIO-CHEM LAB
WET LAB
DRY
ASSEMBLY
AREA
SCIENCE
CONTAINER
(TYP)
HELO
DECK
(OVER)
MAIN LAB
VESTIBULE/ARCTIC GEAR LOCKER
STAGING
AREA
(LOWER
LEVEL)
SCIENCE
FREEZER
SCIENCE
HOIST
MACHINERY
HOIST
AFT
STAGING
AREA
"A"
FRAME
STAGING
AREAS CONTAINERS LABS
BENCHES
SCIENCE
REFRIGERATOR
ELECT/COMPUTER
LAB
PHOTO
LAB
(UNA
LAB)
STAGING
AREA
(BELOW)
SCIENCE
CONNING
STA
MAIN
DECK
(BELOW)
HELO
DECK
(OVER)
SCIENCE
CONTAINER
(ON MAIN DECK)
Fea u e A icle
4
• iden i y echnical expe s o e iew he
de elopmen o speci ic capabili ies;
• epo o he a c ic esea ch communi y
abou logis ics imp o emen s and hei
po en ial impac s on science; and
• assis in he de elopmen o he A c ic
Logis ics In o ma ion Access Se ice
(ALIAS) web si e as a esea ch suppo
and logis ics in o ma ion esou ce.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ARCUS
web si e (h p://www.a cus.o g) o con ac
ARCUS ([email p o ec ed]).
o ganized by he No wegian Resea ch
Council and ARCUS, o discuss join sci-
ence plans o S alba d esea ch. The 20-
membe Ame ican delega ion wo ked wi h
No wegian colleagues o explo e esea ch
ac i i ies, possibili ies, policies, and in a-
s uc u e in bo h Longyea byen, whe e
majo esea ch ins alla ions a e loca ed,
and in Ny-Ålesund, whe e se e al in e na-
ional esea ch s a ions ope a e (see Wi ness
Au umn 1998). The wo kshop empha-
sized he impo ance o long- e m obse a-
ions and esea ch pla o ms. Pa icipan s
discussed he po en ial o :
• coope a i e p ojec s in uppe
a mosphe e esea ch;
• collabo a i e wo k in global-change
esea ch, including new oppo uni ies
o U.S. esea che s o pa icipa e in
p og ams unded by he Eu opean
Communi y;
• educa ion o Ame ican s uden s a Uni-
e si y Cou ses on S alba d (UNIS; see
page 22),
• es ablishmen o a U.S. obse a ion
pla o m in S alba d; and
• collabo a ions among U.S., Russian,
and No wegian in es iga o s o wo k
in Russian wa e s.
Fo mo e in o ma ion on he U.S.-
No way wo kshop, con ac ARCUS. A
d a o he wo kshop epo will be a ail-
able soon on he ARCUS web si e (h p://
www.a cus.o g). Fo in o ma ion abou
S alba d, see he No sk Pola ins i u web
si e (h p://www.npola .no/np/).
S ephenson Named A c ic Resea ch Suppo
and Logis ics P og am Manage
In June 1999, he NSF O ice o Pola P og ams (OPP) announced he appoin -
men o Simon S ephenson as he P og am Manage o A c ic Resea ch Suppo
and Logis ics. S ephenson will p o ide leade ship and se e as a liaison wi h he science
communi y in imp o ing esea ch in as uc u e o suppo i s -class na ional and
in e na ional a c ic p og ams.
S ephenson comes o he A c ic P og am wi h 21 yea s expe ience in pola
esea ch. He holds a Mas e o Philosophy in Glacie Geophysics om he Council
o Na ional Academic Awa ds, UK. He wo ked 11 yea s as a glacie geophysicis
wi h B i ish An a c ic Su ey and hen wi h a eam based a NASA’s Godda d Space
Fligh Cen e s udying he dynamics o Wes An a c ic ice s eams. In hese oles, he
pa icipa ed in ligh , wo-pe son ield eams and la ge, in eg a ed, mul i-ins i u ional
ield campaigns. Mo e ecen ly, S ephenson wo ked in OPP as he Resea ch Suppo
Manage o he An a c ic P og am, leading de elopmen o suppo plans o mo e
han 100 p ojec s annually and esea ch in as uc u e in he disciplines o ae onomy,
as ophysics, biology, geology, geophysics, clima e s udies, and oceanog aphy.
S ephenson can be eached a NSF in A ling on, VA (703/306-1029; ax 703/
306-0648; [email p o ec ed]).
In Oc obe 1999, he NSF OPP signed
a “S a emen o Coope a ion” (SOC)
wi h he No sk Pola ins i u in T omsø,
No way o p omo e in e ac ions among
U.S. and No wegian scien is s in a c ic
and An a c ic esea ch e o s. The SOC
ocuses on po en ial expanded U.S. e o s
on S alba d and po en ial U.S. p esence a
he a chipelago’s mul ina ional acili ies.
The wo coun ies also co-sponso ed
an Augus 1999 communi y wo kshop,
In No embe 1999, he A c ic Resea ch
Suppo and Logis ics Wo king G oup
(RSLWG) me o ou line he scope and
iden i y p io i ies o an upda e o a c ic
logis ics needs and oppo uni ies. ARCUS
o med he RSLWG a he eques o he
O ice o Pola P og ams (OPP), o build
upon he wo k o he o me Logis ics
Wo king G oup, con ened in 1995 a
he eques o he U.S. A c ic Resea ch
Commission (USARC) and NSF. The
new g oup’s mission is o ep esen he
a c ic esea ch communi y in p o iding o
OPP long- e m expe ise and ad ice on
a c ic logis ics and science-suppo issues.
The new wo king g oup will i s
eexamine science p io i ies and associa ed
esea ch suppo and logis ics equi e-
men s, which ha e shi ed in he pas wo
yea s because o new esea ch indings and
imp o emen s in logis ical capabili y. The
g oup will upda e Logis ics Recommenda-
ions o an Imp o ed U.S. A c ic Resea ch
Capabili y, he 1997 epo ha has p o-
ided guidance o he OPP A c ic P og am
in making logis ics imp o emen s. The
epo was designed o be a li ing docu-
men ha would be upda ed pe iodically
o e lec changing science p io i ies.
A c ic Logis ics
The wo king g oup will examine a c ic
esea ch suppo issues om a hema ic
a he han disciplina y pe spec i e.
O e a ching esea ch issues ha anscend
adi ional disciplines and he suppo
necessa y o add ess hose issues will be
iden i ied. The g oup also will:
• guide he de elopmen o an implemen-
a ion plan o imp o ing a c ic
logis ics, wo king wi h he esea ch
communi y, he USARC, NSF, and
o he ede al agencies;
Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics G oup Upda es P io i ies
U.S. and No way Sign Ag eemen
o P omo e Join Pola Resea ch
5
A c ic Logis ics
No he nmos Communi y Focuses on Resea ch Suppo
In Decembe 1998, a he eques o he
NSF O ice o Pola P og ams, ARCUS
o ganized a communi y wo kshop o con-
side means and p io i ies o suppo sci-
ence ac i i ies in he a ea se iced by Ba -
ow, Alaska. The a ea a ound Ba ow has
suppo ed ma ine, coas al, eshwa e , e -
es ial, and a mosphe ic esea ch o mo e
han 100 yea s.
Ba ow is loca ed a 72o N la i ude,
whe e he No h Slope o he con inen
mee s he A c ic Ocean. The p edomi-
nan ly Iñupia communi y is he si e o
he o me Na al A c ic Resea ch Labo a-
o y (NARL), which was es ablished in
1947 and is now owned by he local Na-
i e co po a ion, Ukpeag ik Iñupia Co -
po a ion (UIC). Adjacen o he o me
NARL is he Ba ow En i onmen al
Obse a o y (BEO), a 7,466-ac e esea ch
p ese e, which was se aside by UIC as a
pe manen si e o scien i ic esea ch in
1992. In addi ion o he na u al esou ces
and subs an ial in as uc u e in he a ea,
he human esou ces ha he indigenous
communi y has o e ed o scien is s a e
he ounda ion o impo an esea ch
p ojec s in he U.S. A c ic (see Wi ness
Au umn 1997).
The Ba ow A ea Resea ch Suppo
(BARS) wo kshop, which con ened in
Ma shall, Cali o nia included 63 esea ch
scien is s, Ba ow esiden s, ede al agency
ep esen a i es, logis ics p o ide s, and
egional go e nmen o icials. The goal o
he NSF and pa icipan s in his planning
p ocess is o inc ease he e iciency, e ec-
i eness, and ex en o esea ch aking
place in he Ba ow a ea.
Pa icipan s ecommended in es men s
o build upon he ich combina ion o ac-
o s in Ba ow o he bene i o esea ch
in he a ea. Expanded logis ical capabili y
will make possible he pu sui o new
esea ch oppo uni ies in he Ba ow a ea.
Imp o ed coo dina ion o logis ical and
esea ch suppo also could ealize consid-
e able economies o scale o he many
esea che s who now base ieldwo k in
Ba ow. The ede al agencies ha we e
ep esen ed a he wo kshop indica ed a
desi e o imp o e in e agency coope a ion
in suppo o a c ic esea ch e o s in he
Ba ow a ea.
Fi e o e a ching ecommenda ions
de eloped a he wo kshop we e e ined
h ough communi y discussion. They a e:
• Iden i y and und an o ganiza ion
based in Ba ow o p o ide esea ch
suppo , in as uc u e de elopmen ,
and coo dina ion.
• E alua e egula ly esea che s’ needs
and he adequacy o acili ies and
esou ces o ensu e ha suppo e ol es
adequa ely and ha in es men s a e
e ec i ely sha ed among app op ia e
agencies.
• P omo e, h ough coo dina ion o
esea ch and da a, in eg a ed mul i-
disciplina y and in e disciplina y s ud-
ies ha imp o e he scien i ic unde -
s anding o he a c ic sys em.
• P omo e in e ac ions be ween he com-
muni y and esea che s o dissemina e
esea ch plans and esul s, inco po a e
communi y pa icipa ion, p omo e use
o adi ional knowledge, and
de elop collabo a i e p ojec s.
• P o ide educa ional oppo uni ies o
young esea che s and local esiden s
h ough in e nships and ellowships o
encou age local in ol emen as well as
he de elopmen o local scien i ic capa-
bili ies and a s ong coho o a c ic
esea che s in he u u e.
In addi ion o hese o e a ching
ecommenda ions and basic suppo
(e.g., housing, anspo a ion, ield gea ),
pa icipan s ci ed se e al speci ic, high-
p io i y needs. These include:
• The A c ic Resea ch Facili y a UIC-
NARL mus be suppo ed in he sho -
e m o p o ide some li ing and wo k
space o isi ing esea che s.
• Planning should begin o cons uc ion
o a dedica ed mul ipu pose acili y o
suppo esea ch.
• A mas e plan o use o he Ba ow
En i onmen al Obse a o y (BEO)
should be p epa ed. The plan should
add ess app op ia e uses o he BEO,
scien i ic esea ch equi emen s, in a-
s uc u al needs, and en i onmen al and
cul u al issues.
• A high-speed, high-capaci y da a link
om Ba ow o he lowe 48 s a es
should be ins alled. Ha dwa e and so -
wa e a e needed o suppo he da a link
and o un a web si e o p o ide logis i-
cal in o ma ion.
Copies o The Fu u e o an A c ic
Resou ce: Recommenda ions om he
Ba ow A ea Resea ch Suppo Wo kshop
a e a ailable om ARCUS and as a PDF
ile on he ARCUS web si e (h p://
www.a cus.o g).
The A c ic Resea ch Facili y (ARF) has been con e ed by he No h Slope Bo ough Depa men o Wildli e
Managemen in o modes labo a o y space and bunkhouse li ing qua e s o isi ing esea che s. Since he closu e o
NARL, he ARF has been he only mul ipu pose acili y a ailable o assis indi idual in es iga o s and i s capaci y o 20
pe sons is o en exceeded du ing he summe ield season.The skull in on and shoulde blades on he wall a e om a
bowhead whale (pho o by Da e Ramey).

6
NSF News
NSF Ini ia i es Open Doo s o A c ic Resea ch
In ea ly 1999, NSF made se e al
announcemen s ha a e expanding
oppo uni ies o a c ic esea che s.
Al hough he deadlines o he 1999 com-
pe i ions unde hese new announcemen s
ha e passed, he p og ams a e expec ed o
con inue in FY 2000. Two p og ams a e
agency-wide; wo a e wi hin he O ice o
Pola P og ams (OPP). In addi ion, OPP
has made unding a ailable o imp o e
long- e m obse a ions in he A c ic and
es ablished an o ice in Moscow o acili-
a e logis ics o collabo a i e esea ch in
he Russian A c ic.
Biocomplexi y in he En i onmen (BE)
An NSF-wide e o , Biocomplexi y
in he En i onmen (BE) includes bo h
ongoing p og ams and ocused ini ia i es
designed o os e esea ch and educa ion
on he complex in e dependencies among
he elemen s o speci ic en i onmen al sys-
ems and in e ac ions o di e en ypes o
sys ems. Th ee o e lapping and in e ac i e
ca ego ies o esea ch ac i i y desc ibe
NSF’s ongoing e o s ela ed o en i on-
men al sciences:
• Global and En i onmen al Change,
• En i onmen and he Human
Dimension, and
• Biodi e si y and Ecosys ems Dynamics.
In he 1999 Biocomplexi y: Phase I
ini ia i e, NSF solici ed p oposals ha
ocused explici ly on he ole ha mic o-
o ganisms play in s uc u ing o con ol-
ling complex sys ems. In FY 2000, NSF
has announced a special Biocomplexi y
compe i ion o imp o e unde s anding o
he complex in e dependencies among li -
ing o ganisms and he en i onmen s ha
a ec , sus ain, and a e modi ied by hem.
The mul idisciplina y $50 million Biocomp-
lexi y ini ia i e will emphasize enhancing
analy ical and p edic i e capabili ies in he
s udy o en i onmen al sys ems.
Fo mo e in o ma ion on Biocom-
plexi y in he En i onmen , see he NSF
web si e (h p://www.ns .go /home/
c ssp gm/be/s a .h m). Fo mo e in o -
ma ion on he special Biocomplexi y com-
pe i ion, see h p://www.ns .go /pubs/
2000/ns 0022/ns 0022.h m. Messages o
in en o submi a p oposal a e due 31
Janua y and ull p oposals 1 Ma ch 2000.
Li e in Ex eme En i onmen s (LExEn)
Li e in Ex eme En i onmen s
(LExEn) is an NSF-wide p og am o
pa icula in e es o a c ic esea che s ha
explo es he ela ionships be ween o gan-
isms and he en i onmen s wi hin which
hey exis , wi h a s ong emphasis upon
hose li e-suppo ing en i onmen s ha
exis nea he ex emes o plane a y condi-
ions. Examples include hyd o he mal sys-
ems, high- adia ion ields, sea ice and ice
shee s, anoxic habi a s, hype saline lakes,
high-al i ude o pola dese s, and indus-
ial en i onmen s.
LExEn is ocusing, a leas ini ially, on
mic obial sys ems, hei di e si y, and he
mechanisms ha allow hem o su i e
and al e ex eme en i onmen s. The
LExEn p og am announcemen is a ail-
able a h p://www.ns .go /cgi-bin/
ge pub?ns 9943. Se en een p oposals we e
unded in 1999, o aling $7.4 million.
Human Dimensions o he A c ic Sys em
In Feb ua y 1999, he OPP dissemi-
na ed i s i s Announcemen o Oppo u-
ni y o Human Dimensions o he A c ic
Sys em (HARC) esea ch, an ongoing
addi ion o he A c ic Sys em Science
p og am (see Wi ness Au umn 1998 and
h p://www.ns .go /cgi-bin/ge pub?
ns 9961).
Two p oposals we e unded o a o al o
$1.6 million. Fu u e HARC p oposals can
be submi ed a he egula A c ic Sec ion
deadlines (15 Feb ua y and 1 Augus ).
Long-Te m Obse a ions in he A c ic
Based on ecommenda ions o mula ed
a he Oppo uni ies in A c ic Resea ch
wo kshop in Sep embe 1998 (see Wi ness
Au umn 1998), OPP announced a new
p og am o imp o e he obse a ional
in as uc u e in he A c ic, including:
•En i onmen al Obse a o ies—The
coo dina ed de elopmen o s a egically
placed acili ies, equipped o on-si e
esea ch and collec ion o yea - ound
obse a ions.
•Remo e/Au onomous Ins umen s—
Rele an ac i i ies no di ec ly ied o
speci ic en i onmen al obse a o ies
include moo ings, d i ing and land-
and ice-based sampling s a ions, hyd o-
g aphic su eys, obse a ions o animal
popula ions, subma ine su eys o ice,
moni o ing o e es ial and oceanic
wea he , a mosphe ic sampling, and
snow measu emen s. Rela ed needs
include he de elopmen o imp o ed
sensing de ices and deploymen o
be e spa ial and empo al co e age.
•Sample Reposi o ies—Facili ies o
new a c ic samples o pa icula alue
due o hei a i y, impo ance o s udies
and educa ion, o expense o e-collec ion.
The p og am solici a ion is a h p://
www.ns .go /cgi-bin/ge pub?ns 99101.
P oposals we e due in June 1999. Nine
p oposals we e unded o a o al o
app oxima ely $14.3 million, wi h addi-
ional awa ds expec ed in he nea u u e.
Con aminan Beha io and Impac
in No he n Pola Regions
Ano he p og am solici a ion ha
de eloped om he Oppo uni ies in A c ic
Resea ch wo kshop encou ages esea ch
on he physical, chemical, and biological
p ocesses ha seques e and dispe se con-
aminan s in a c ic na u al sys ems and on
he socio-economic impac s and human
esponses o such con aminan s.
The p og am solici a ion can be ound
a h p://www.n s .go /pubs/1999/
ns 9997/ns 9997.h m. P oposals we e due
in May 1999. App oxima ely $2.7 million
has been awa ded in 10 g an s.
Imp o ing Logis ics Coo dina ion
in Russia
The A c ic Sciences Sec ion o OPP
has es ablished a science liaison o ice in
Moscow o assis U.S. and Russian esea ch-
e s conduc ing collabo a i e esea ch in he
geosciences and a c ic esea ch.
This suppo is he esul o collabo a-
ion be ween OPP and wo o he b anches
o NSF— he Geosciences Di ec o a e and
he In e na ional O ice—and he U.S.
Ci ilian Resea ch and De elopmen
Founda ion (CRDF).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic
In o a chi e on he ARCUS web si e
(h p://www.a cus.o g) o he message
pos ed on 30 Ma ch 1999. In es iga o s
in e es ed in using hese se ices should
con ac hei NSF P og am Manage .
7
a ing wi h LAII in es iga o s (see page
10) on long- e m changes in land-co e
on he No h Slope and coas al plain o
Alaska; he mu ual in e es o PARCS
and LAII in me ging long- e m eco ds
o change wi h mode n, p ocess-o ien ed
da a p omises o be an impo an u u e
di ec ion in ARCSS.
Wo k con inues on de elopmen o
new paleoclima e p oxy indica o s, includ-
ing a e-based sedimen eco ds, ossil
bee le assemblages, and alkenones in
lake sedimen s.
Synop ic clima e s udies and da a syn-
heses con inue o unde sco e he egional
he e ogenei y in a c ic clima e pa e ns.
No heas Sibe ia, Be ingia, and Alaska
show clea di e ences in ci cula ion ea-
u es cen e ed in he No h Paci ic sec o ;
he e ogenei y is also seen in pas eco ds
and a smalle scales. This a iabili y
emphasizes he need o comp ehensi e
si e co e age, and has implica ions o scal-
ing obse a ions and o p edic ions abou
he A c ic’s esponse o clima e changes.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he PARCS
web si e (h p://www.ngdc.noaa.go /
paleo/pa cs/index.h ml) o con ac Mike
Re elle, co-chai o he PARCS S ee ing
Commi ee, in Lewis on, ME (207/786-
6155; ax 207/786-8334;
[email p o ec ed]).
ARCSS P og am Upda es
ARCSS Commi ee Ad ances In eg a i e Agenda
The A c ic Sys em Science (ARCSS)
Commi ee (AC) me in Vi ginia
Beach, Vi ginia in Oc obe 1999. The AC
p o ides guidance o he ARCSS P og am
and ac s as a liaison be ween he p og am
and he a c ic esea ch communi y. A he
1999 mee ing, he AC assessed p og ess on
wo e ol ing esea ch agendas in ARCSS:
• in e ac ions be ween global and a c ic
sys ems, and
• assessmen s o he e ec s o global
changes on a c ic and sub-a c ic egions.
The AC discussed imp o ing ex apo-
la ion, in eg a ion, and p edic ion in he
ARCSS P og am and de eloped s a egies
o ad ance he e ol ing esea ch agenda.
The AC was b ie ed on se e al ARCSS
ini ia i es, including he S udy o En i-
onmen al A c ic Change (see page 9) and
he Wes e n A c ic Shel -Basin In e ac-
ions (see page 8). The AC also discussed:
• de elopmen o an ARCSS-wide
educa ion ini ia i e,
• encou agemen o ARCSS- ocused
Biocomplexi y p oposals (see page 6),
• he s a us o he Long-Te m Obse a o-
ies p og am (see page 6), and
• s a egies o imp o ing esponse o
he Human Dimensions o he A c ic
Sys em (HARC; see page 6) solici a ion.
Plans o immedia e ac ion include:
• Fo m a HARC Science S ee ing
Commi ee o acili a e he de elopmen
o e ec i e p oposals.
• Sponso a wo kshop o de elop
an ARCSS-wide science-educa ion
ini ia i e, including i s ocus, s a egy,
and pa ne ships.
• Plan o an ARCSS-wide All-Hands
Mee ing in 2001.
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou AC
discussions and plans see he ARCUS
web si e (h p://www.a cus.o g).
Fo mo e in o ma ion on he ARCSS
P og am, con ac P og am Di ec o Mike
Ledbe e (703/306-1029; ax 703/306-
0648; [email p o ec ed]) o AC Chai
Jack K use (413/367-2240; ax 413/367-
0092; [email p o ec ed]) o see he
ARCSS web si e (h p://www.ns .go /od/
opp/a c ic/sys em.h m).
PARCS Resea ch Encompasses PALE and ESH
Because a c ic paleoclima ic esea ch
alls unde bo h he ARCSS and Ea h
Sys ems His o y (ESH) P og ams a NSF,
he wo p og ams a e coo dina ing a new
o e a ching e o —Paleoen i onmen al
A c ic Science (PARCS). A science and
implemen a ion plan o he p og am, The
A c ic Paleosciences in he Con ex o Global
Change Resea ch, was ecen ly published.
PARCS will os e new oppo uni ies
o in e ac ion among he disciplines ha
a e con ibu ing o a c ic paleo esea ch.
The S ee ing Commi ee will include
ep esen a i es om:
• he Paleoclima es om A c ic Lakes and
Es ua ies (PALE) communi y, as well as
• o he essen ial PARCS esea ch sec o s
(e.g., ice co e, ma ine sedimen , ee ing
analysis, glacial and sea-le el dynamics).
PARCS will also build on he in e na ional
collabo a ions de eloped unde he GISP2
and PALE paleoen i onmen al p og ams.
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he
ini ia i e, see he ecen ly eleased PARCS
epo (see Publica ions page 23).
Ongoing PALE/PARCS Resea ch P ojec s
The PALE p og am, which began in
1990, has es ablished a solid ne wo k o
paleo-si es in he A c ic. Some o he
esea ch ha con inues wi hin he PARCS
ini ia i e is desc ibed below.
New clima e-model simula ions om
he eas e n Canadian A c ic and no hwes
No h A lan ic con i m he impo an ole
o oceans in a c ic clima e change. Wi h
Icelandic colleagues, PALE esea che s a e
documen ing glacial and deglacial ice
dynamics o he coas o Iceland, and
esea ch wi h Danish colleagues will
desc ibe high- equency and long- e m
a iabili y in he Lab ado Sea egion.
The Russian A c ic gene ally lacks da a
ega ding pas land-co e and clima ic
change. A lake-sedimen co e ecen ly
e ie ed by an Ame ican-Russian-Ge man
eam om a eas e n Sibe ia p omises a
paleoclima e eco d spanning he Qua e -
na y. This si e will con ibu e subs an ially
o he clima e ch onology o he Paci ic
sec o . In Eu opean Russia, a p ojec
documen ing eeline changes on he Kola
Peninsula is illing a da a gap in he pos -
glacial eco d o he a c ic eeline.
PALE in es iga o s ha e been collabo-
a ing wi h he Long-Te m Ecological
Resea ch P og am a Bonanza C eek in
in e io Alaska o examine he in luence o
hyd ologic change on he bo eal o es .
Wi h Canadian colleagues, hey a e de el-
oping a paleolimnological desc ip ion o a
ansec o lakes om bo eal o es o un-
d a as he basis o u u e in eg a ed paleo-
mode n s udies. Two g oups a e collabo-
8
mo e in o ma ion, see he SBI web si e
(h p://u k-biogw.bio.u k.edu/SBI.ns /
pages/A c ic), o con ac Jackie G ebmeie
in Knox ille, TN (423/974-2592; ax
423/974-3067; [email p o ec ed]).
The OAII Science S ee ing Commi ee
(SSC) also me in Oc obe 1999. Lou
Codispo i succeeded Jackie G ebmeie as
chai o he SSC. Two new membe s o
he SSC a e Pa icia Ma ai (Bigelow
Labo a o y o Ocean Science) and Paul
Shepson (Pu due Uni e si y).
Fo mo e in o ma ion on OAII, see he
OAII web si e (h p://a css-oaii.hpl.umces.
edu/index.h ml) o con ac Lou Codispo i
a he Uni e si y o Ma yland’s Ho n
Poin Lab in Camb idge, MD (410/221-
8479; ax 410/221-8390; codispo @hpl.
umces.edu).
ARCSS P og am Upda es
OAII Sha es Resul s a Second All-Hands Mee ing
The second Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice
In e ac ions (OAII) All-Hands
mee ing con ened in Vi ginia, in Oc obe
1999. Mo e han 100 in e na ional scien-
is s pa icipa ed in b ie ings and sessions
on logis ics, wi h an emphasis on plans o
Healy (see page 1), ou each and educa-
ion, he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic
Change ini ia i e (see page 9), SHEBA
(see below), and he Wes e n A c ic Shel -
Basin In e ac ions (SBI) ini ia i e.
The All-Hands mee ing was ollowed
by he o ganiza ional mee ing o SBI
Phase I, which is beginning implemen a-
ion. SBI is designed o imp o e unde -
s anding o shel -basin exchange p ocesses
and lead o:
• an enhanced p edic i e capabili y o
global change impac s in he A c ic, and
In Oc obe 1999, da a se s om he
Su ace Hea Budge o he A c ic
Ocean (SHEBA) ield expe imen we e
submi ed o he SHEBA da a-manage-
men sys em. These unp eceden ed da a
se s simul aneously documen he uppe
ocean, sea ice, and a mosphe e as a con-
inuous ime se ies o e a ull yea . They
ha e al eady imp o ed simula ions o a c-
ic clima e using global clima e models.
The da a se s will be a chi ed a he
Na ional Snow and Ice Da a Cen e .
The O ice o Pola P og ams (OPP)
eleased he P og am Solici a ion o Phase
3 o SHEBA in Decembe 1999 (see h p:/
/www.ns .go /cgi-bin/ge pub?ns 0019).
P oposals a e due 8 Ma ch 2000. The
goals o Phase 3 a e o u ilize da a se s
collec ed du ing he ield p og am o:
• de e mine he ice-ocean-a mosphe e
p ocesses ha con ol he ice albedo
eedback and cloud- adia ion eedback
mechanisms o e an annual cycle, lead-
ing o imp o emen o models o a c ic
ocean-a mosphe e-ice p ocesses; and
• de elop models ha imp o e simula-
ions o he p esen a c ic clima e, using
coupled Gene al Ci cula ion Models.
To accomplish hese goals, Phase 3
p ojec s will combine modeling, syn hesis,
• an imp o ed unde s anding o how a c-
ic p ocesses migh cause o modula e
global change (see Wi ness Sp ing and
Au umn 1998).
The SBI p og am will include ield and
modeling s udies o elucida e he physical
and biological shel and slope p ocesses
ha in luence he s uc u e and unc ion
o he A c ic Ocean.
Eigh een SBI Phase I p ojec s, wi h 31
p incipal in es iga o s (PIs) and co-PIs
and a ious in e na ional collabo a o s,
we e unded in he i s compe i ion.
Funded p ojec s include e ospec i e,
expe imen al, and modeling s udies in
ields o biological, chemical, geological,
and physical oceanog aphy. An SBI
P ojec O ice is coo dina ed by Jackie
G ebmeie and Te y Whi ledge. Fo
SHEBA Resea che s Plan Analysis o Da a
and in eg a ion o he SHEBA da a se o
in es iga e eedback mechanisms and
de elop imp o ed o mula ions o clima e
models. Resul s om he SHEBA expe i-
men we e discussed in mo e han 60 p e-
sen a ions a he Decembe 1998 mee ing
o he Ame ican Geophysical Union
(AGU) and he Janua y 1999 mee ing o
he Ame ican Me eo ological Socie y.
Highligh s included:
• On hei a i al in Fall 1997, he sea ice
was conside ably hinne han SHEBA
in es iga o s expec ed, and ins ead o
ge ing hicke o e he yea as p e-
dic ed, he ice g ew hinne by app oxi-
ma ely 35 cen ime e s.
• Sea-ice co e in he s udy egion
emained g ea e han 90–95%.
• In win e , he snow-co e ed ice e lec ed
abou 80% o incoming sola adia ion.
Mel ponds, which ha e lowe albedo
han he ice i sel , co e ed mo e han
20% o he s udy egion du ing mid-la e
summe , lowe ing he e lec i i y o he
su ace o app oxima ely 40%.
• Liquid pa icles cons i u ed app oxi-
ma ely 20% o he cloud mass du ing
he coldes season (No embe -Janua y)
and 100% du ing he peak mel season
(la e July).
• The SHEBA mel season was longe
han no mal; p elimina y esul s sugges
ha ne su ace adia ion was enhanced
by cloud co e du ing he summe .
• Measu emen s by he Depa men o
Ene gy A mosphe ic Radia ion
Measu emen (ARM) P og am’s A mo-
sphe ic Emi ed Radiance In e e om-
e e indica e ha cu en models o
clea -sky adia i e ans e sys ema ically
unde es ima e he downwa d spec al
i adiance in he wa e - apo con inuum
abso p ion bands a he low empe a-
u es o he a c ic oposphe e in win e .
• The insula i e alue o he snow co e
on sea ice has been conside ably unde -
es ima ed in p e ious models.
Addi ional esul s om he SHEBA
ield expe imen we e p esen ed in sessions
a he Decembe 1999 AGU mee ing in
San F ancisco. In es iga o s will also be
mee ing wi h collabo a o s a a join
SHEBA/FIRE (Fi s ISCCP Regional
Expe imen ) wo kshop 17-20 Ap il 2000.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he SHEBA
web si e (h p://sheba.apl.washing on.edu)
o con ac Richa d Mo i z in Sea le, WA
(206/543-8023; ax 206/543-3521;
[email p o ec ed]).
9
In July 1999, 38 esea che s om a wide
ange o ields ga he ed o d a a sci-
ence plan o he S udy o En i onmen al
A c ic Change (SEARCH) p og am.
SEARCH is en isioned as a long- e m
p og am o in es iga e he changes associ-
a ed wi h he inc easing A c ic Oscilla ion
(AO) index documen ed in he A c ic in
he pas decade (see Wi ness Au umn
1998). The AO appea s o be a na u al
mode o a mosphe ic a ia ion ha is
ac i e o e a b oad ange o ime scales
and is linked o global a mosphe ic and
ocean ci cula ion pa e ns. The ecen
complex o changes ela ed o he AO may
be pa o an oscilla ion o he beginning
o a long- e m modal shi .
Because he inc ease in he AO index
appea s o be linked o many o he en i-
onmen al changes, wo kshop pa icipan s
ecommended a mul idisciplina y p og am
social science e o s will examine he
human impac s o he Onami.
Jamie Mo ison, who is leading he
SEARCH planning e o , p esen ed he
d a plan a he Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice
In e ac ions (OAII) All-Hands mee ing in
Oc obe 1999 (see page 8). Pa icipan s in
hose discussions ag eed ha SEARCH
should be an ARCSS-wide esea ch p o-
g am, a he han con ained wi hin OAII.
SEARCH Science S ee ing Commi ee
membe s a e Da id Ba is i, Ed Ca mack,
Lou Codispo i, Hajo Eicken, Doug
Ma inson, Jamie Mo ison, Jim O e land,
Jona han O e peck, Pe e Schlosse , Ma k
Se eze, and Cha les Vö ösma y.
Fo in o ma ion, see he SEARCH web
si e (h p://psc.apl.washing on.edu/sea ch/
index.h ml) o con ac Jamie Mo ison in
Sea le, WA (206/543-1394; ax 206/616-
3142; [email p o ec ed]).
ARCSS P og am Upda es
SEARCH Plan is Designed o E ol e wi h New Insigh s
ocused on he ai -ice-ocean a ia ions ha
appea connec ed o he AO, a he han a
p og am de ined by discipline o scale.
Pa icipan s p oposed ha his sui e o
changes be named Onami, o “ omo ow”
in Inui —much as he pe iodic dis up ion
in he ocean-a mosphe e sys em o he
opical Paci ic is known as El Niño.
SEARCH aims o unde s and Onami
and i s implica ions. The ecommended
p og am includes long- e m obse a ions,
modeling, p ocess s udies, and assessmen
in he physical, biological, and social sci-
ences. Physical science e o s will y o
elucida e he eedbacks be ween land, ai ,
ice, and ocean ha d i e he Onami com-
plex and couple i o he es o he globe,
wi h he goal o p edic ing he cou se o
Onami. The biological science e o will
look o he ecosys em changes ha a e
d i en by he physical changes, and he
The objec i e o he Russian-Ame ican
Ini ia i e on Shel -Land En i on-
men s in he A c ic (RAISE) is o acili a e
collabo a i e esea ch be ween Russian
and Ame ican scien is s in o de o unde -
s and p ocesses and e en s in e es ial,
shel , and ocean en i onmen s in no he n
Eu asia (see Wi ness Sp ing 1996, Au umn
1997). RAISE was c ea ed in 1995 in
acco dance wi h an ag eemen be ween
NSF and he Russian Founda ion o Basic
Resea ch (RFBR).
The In e na ional RAISE S ee ing
Commi ee me in No embe 1999 and
made he ollowing ecommenda ions:
• Con inue o in o m Russian, Ame ican,
and in e na ional a c ic science commu-
ni ies abou he RAISE p og am.
• Publish he RAISE “P ospec us” in
Russian.
• Publish (in bo h languages) a lis o
scien i ic p ojec s in he A c ic (wi h
abs ac s) unded by he NSF O ice
o Pola P og ams and RFBR.
• O ganize an in e na ional wo kshop
in Russia in 2000, o p esen esul s o
RAISE and o he ARCSS p ojec s.
Fi s RAISE P ojec s Recei e Funding
• C ea e a mechanism o suppo o join
RAISE scien i ic expedi ions.
• P epa e a d a o an in e go e nmen al
ag eemen o scien i ic coope a ion in
he Russian A c ic.
RAISE P oposals Funded in 1999
• An In e na ional Wo kshop on A c ic Coas line Dynamics (E. Bie ly and J. B own);
• The La e Pleis ocene Glacial and Sea Le el His o y o W angel Island, No heas
Sibe ia (P.M. Ande son, J.B. G e e, S.L. Va anyan, A.V. Lozhkin, and
L. Gual ie i);
• Linkages Be ween Ri e ine F eshwa e Dispe sal, Sea-Ice Fo ma ion, and La ge-
Scale Sedimen T anspo in he Cen al and Eas Sibe ian A c ic (H. Eicken and
A.Y. P oshu insky);
• Recons uc ing he Limi s o he Las Glacia ion and Pos glacial En i onmen s in
he Sou heas e n Ba en s and Sou hwes e n Ka a Seas (L. Polyak and S. Fo man);
• Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on Shel -Land En i onmen s in he A c ic (RAISE)
Science Managemen O ice (V.E. Romano sky and S.L. Fo man);
• Sensi i i y o he Wes Sibe ian Lowland o Pas and P esen Clima e (L.C. Smi h,
G. MacDonald, A. Velichko, and R. Fos e ); and
• Wa e and Cons i uen Fluxes Ac oss he Eu asian A c ic: E ol ing Land-Ocean
Connec ions O e he Pas 20,000 Yea s (B.J. Pe e son, R.M. Holmes,
C. Vö ösma y, C. Willmo , S. Fo man, R. Lamme s, V.V. Go dee , M. Meybeck,
and I. Shiklomano ).
Fo in o ma ion, con ac Vladimi
Romano sky in Fai banks, AK (907/474-
7459; ax 907/474-7290; [email p o ec ed])
o S e e Fo man in Chicago, IL (312/413-
9404; ax 312/413-2279; [email p o ec ed]).
16
o epeal he o iginal ide ; in July 1999,
hea ings we e held on B own’s bill, which
had 54 co-sponso s, be o e he House
Commi ee on Go e nmen Re o m’s
Subcommi ee on Go e nmen Manage-
men , In o ma ion and Technology.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he AAAS
web si e (h p://www.aaas.o g/), he OMB
web si e (h p://www.whi ehouse.go /
omb/), and he U.S. Cong ess web si e
(h p:// homas.loc.go /).
NSF Budge Inc eases in FY 2000
This a icle has been abs ac ed om
in o ma ion on FY 2000 ede al unding
o esea ch and de elopmen p epa ed each
yea by he Ame ican Associa ion o he
Ad ancemen o Science (AAAS) O ice o
Science and Policy P og ams. Fo mo e
in o ma ion, see he AAAS web si e
(h p://www.aaas.o g/spp/R&D).
In Oc obe 1999, P esiden Clin on
signed in o law an FY 2000 VA-HUD
app op ia ions bill (HR 2684) ha in-
c eases he NSF budge by 5.4% ($202
million). Each NSF di ec o a e ecei es an
inc ease o a leas 3%, and he Resea ch
and Rela ed Accoun s budge climbs 5.5%
o $2.9 billion. The budge ag eemen o
18 No embe 1999 applied an ac oss- he-
boa d cu o 0.38% o all app op ia ed
p og ams, including NSF, o b ing he
budge echnically in line wi h he FY
1997 spending caps.
Al hough g ow h in he NSF budge
slowed in he mid-1990s, ecen yea s ha e
b ough signi ican inc eases o he
agency, and mos disciplines ha e sha ed
in his g ow h. Highligh s o he FY 2000
esea ch app op ia ions o NSF include:
• inc eased a c ic esea ch logis ics und-
ing o $25 million, $3 million mo e
han he P esiden ’s budge eques ;
• $50 million o he new Biocomplexi y
ini ia i e (see page 6);
• a majo inc ease in NSF’s in es men s in
in o ma ion echnology (IT) esea ch—
The Clin on Adminis a ion has
p oposed a mul i-agency In o ma ion
Technology o he 21s Cen u y (IT2)
ini ia i e in compu ing and IT esea ch.
Cong ess app op ia ed $90 million o
he NSF Di ec o a e o Compu e and
In o ma ion Science and Enginee ing o
ake he lead on his ini ia i e;
• $95 million o Majo Resea ch Equip-
men , $10 million mo e han eques ed.
The addi ional $10 million will und a
new high-al i ude esea ch ai c a ; and
• $60 million o he hi d yea o he
Plan Genome Resea ch P og am.
The Educa ion and Human Resou ces
Di ec o a e ecei es $697 million, $35
million mo e han FY 1999. This includes
$55 million, up om $48 million, o he
Expe imen al P og am o S imula e Com-
pe i i e Resea ch (EPSCoR), a p og am o
imp o e he esea ch compe i i eness o
18 s a es (and Pue o Rico) adi ionally
unde - ep esen ed as ecipien s o ede al
esea ch unding. The inal bill ans e s
he EPSCoR p og am and i s unds o a
new O ice o Inno a ion Pa ne ship; he
bill also dedica es $10 million beyond he
EPSCoR unds o he new o ice o assis
non-EPSCoR ins i u ions ha ecei e li le
ede al esea ch unding o expand hei
esea ch capaci y and compe i i eness.
OMB Publishes New Regula ions on Da a Access
Capi ol Upda es
Re ision o OMB Ci cula A-110.36
The Fede al Go e nmen has he igh o (1) ob ain, ep oduce, publish o
o he wise use he da a i s p oduced unde an awa d, and (2) au ho ize o h-
e s o ecei e, ep oduce, publish, o o he wise use such da a o Fede al pu poses.
In addi ion, in esponse o a FOIA eques o da a ela ing o published esea ch
indings p oduced unde an awa d ha we e used by he Fede al Go e nmen in
de eloping an agency ac ion ha has he o ce and e ec o law, he Fede al awa ding
agency shall eques and he ecipien shall p o ide, wi hin a easonable ime, he
esea ch da a so ha hey can be made a ailable o he public h ough he p ocedu es
es ablished unde he FOIA.
implemen ing he law “will likely ha m
he p ocess o esea ch in all ields.” In
Ap il 1999, he Ame ican Associa ion o
he Ad ancemen o Science (AAAS)
w o e ha “ he p oposed e isions...
ep esen a undamen al shi in ede al
policy ha will c ea e se ious unin ended
consequences o scien is s, hei ins i u-
ions, ede al unding agencies, and he
wide public.”
The la e Cong essman Geo ge B own
(D-CA) in oduced legisla ion (HR 88)
A ide a ached o he FY 1999 omni-
bus app op ia ions bill by Sena o
Richa d Shelby (R-AL) e ec i ely subjec s
ede al nonp o i g an ees o he F eedom
o In o ma ion Ac (FOIA), essen ially
o e u ning a 1980 Sup eme Cou deci-
sion limi ing FOIA o go e nmen al agen-
cies. The Shelby amendmen makes “all
da a” p oduced unde a g an subjec o
he p ocedu es o FOIA and would pe mi
he ede al agency o impose a use ee on
he eques o equaling he inc emen al
cos o ob aining he da a.
In acco dance wi h he new law, he
ede al O ice o Managemen and Budge
(OMB) published d a e isions o i s
da a-disclosu e egula ions (Ci cula
A-110) in Feb ua y and Augus 1999.
A e ecei ing commen s on he d a s,
OMB published he inal e isions, some
o which limi ed he scope o he law, in
Sep embe 1999 (see box).
The scien i ic communi y has
exp essed conce n abou he ex ension o
he FOIA o ede al g an ees. NSF Di ec-
o Ri a Colwell s a ed, in he Feb ua y
1999 commen s o OMB, ha egula ions

17
U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission
In i s mos ecen epo , Ocean
D illing Resea ch: An A c ic Pe spec i e
(see Publica ions page 23), he Pola
Resea ch Boa d (PRB) a gues ha he
A c ic Ocean Basin should be included
in any ocean-d illing esea ch p og am
ha eaches pas he cu en p og am’s
scheduled expi a ion in 2003.
Acco ding o he epo , jus i ica ion
o he pe pe ua ion o scien i ic ocean
d illing should be based, a leas in pa ,
on he need o in o ma ion om he las
eal on ie in ocean d illing. The A c ic
Basin con ains he Alpha-Mendeleye
Ridge sys em— he la ges essen ially
unexplo ed geologic ea u e on Ea h, and
he basin i sel is he only one in he wo ld
ha has ne e been d illed. As a conse-
quence, i s geologic and clima ologic
his o ies a e la gely unknown. The epo :
• e iews wha is known abou Ea h’s
c us and paleoclima e in he A c ic;
• ou lines ques ions abou he o igin and
e olu ion o he A c ic Ocean Basin ha
emain un esol ed;
• e iews he echnical challenges ha
ha e his o ically p e en ed deep ocean
d illing a a c ic si es; and
• p oposes ways ha hese migh now
be add essed.
The PRB has wo new s udies unde -
way. A he eques o he Na ional
A mosphe ic and Space Adminis a ion
(NASA), he commi ee is e iewing i s
pola geophysical da a se s and p o iding
ad ice o make hem mo e use ul. Ano he
commi ee will e iew he Gul o Alaska
Ecosys em Moni o ing P og am o he
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill T us ee Council.
Donal Manahan (Uni e si y o Sou h-
e n Cali o nia) succeeded Da id Cla k as
Chai o he PRB in Sp ing 1999.
Manahan is a ma ine en i onmen al physi-
ologis wi h ex ensi e expe ience in An -
a c ica as well as empe a e oceans a ound
he globe. His esea ch add esses la al
biology o ma ine in e eb a es, en i on-
men al chemis y, and de elopmen al
changes in physiology. New membe s o
he PRB a e Hen y Hun ing on (Hun ing-
on Consul ing), P. Bu o d P ice (Uni e -
si y o Cali o nia, Be keley), and Ma ilyn
Walke (Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks).
Re i ing membe s we e John Ande son
(Rice Uni e si y), Wal e Oechel (San
Diego S a e Uni e si y), Glenn Shaw
(Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks), and
Robe Walke (Washing on Uni e si y).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Ch is
El ing, PRB Di ec o , in Washing on,
DC (202/334-3479; ax 202/334-1477;
[email p o ec ed]; h p://www4.nas.edu/
cge /p b.ns ).
PRB S esses Impo ance o Ocean D illing in he A c ic
Pola Resea ch Boa d
The USARC S udies A c ic In as uc u e and Be ing Sea
s uc u e. Robe Pe y, Commande o
he 1999 SCICEX subma ine, ga e a
de ailed epo on ope a ions. Ri a
Colwell, Di ec o o NSF and ex o icio
Commissione , joined he mee ing o a
b oad discussion o a c ic esea ch needs.
In Decembe 1999, he Commissione s
con ened in Alaska o add ess esea ch
needs and p og ess in planning o he
s udy o he Be ing Sea ecosys em. A
mul iagency o um was held a he Alaska
Resou ces Lib a y and In o ma ion Se -
ices (ARLIS) in Ancho age; he Fishe ies
Indus y Technology Cen e hos ed he
Kodiak segmen o he mee ing.
The USARC published he 1999
edi ion o i s biennial Repo on Goals and
P io i ies o A c ic Resea ch (see Wi ness
Sp ing 1998) in Janua y 1999, p o iding
guidance o he In e agency A c ic
Resea ch Policy Commi ee (IARPC) in
i s biennial e ision o he Na ional A c ic
Resea ch Plan. The Plan coo dina es he
12 ede al agencies engaged in a c ic
esea ch—NSF ( he IARPC lead agency);
he Depa men s o Ag icul u e, Com-
me ce, De ense, Ene gy, Heal h and
Human Se ices, In e io , S a e, and
T anspo a ion; as well as he Na ional
Ae onau ics and Space Adminis a ion,
he En i onmen al P o ec ion Agency,
and he Smi hsonian Ins i u ion. Fo mo e
in o ma ion on IARPC, see h p://www.
ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/ia pc/s a .h m.
The Janua y 2001 edi ion o he Repo
on Goals and P io i ies o A c ic Resea ch
will be p epa ed du ing Sp ing and
Summe 2000. The 1999 Repo can be
ound on he USARC web si e (h p://
www.uaa. alaska.edu/en i/a c_web/
a chome.h m). Inpu om he a c ic
esea ch communi y is welcomed.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Ga y
B ass in A ling on, VA (800-AURORAB
o 703/525-0111; ax 703/525-0114;
[email p o ec ed]).
The U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission
(USARC) me in July 1999 a he
Ins i u e o A c ic and Alpine Resea ch
(INSTAAR) a he Uni e si y o Colo ado
in Boulde . Ma go Edwa ds, Chie Scien-
is o he 1999 SCICEX expedi ion,
b ie ed he Commissione s on he esul s
o ha subma ine c uise (see page 12).
The Commissione s we e b ie ed on
INSTAAR esea ch ac i i ies and, du ing
isi s o hei espec i e acili ies, hea d
epo s om:
• he Na ional Snow and Ice Da a
Cen e ,
• he Na ional Geophysical Da a Cen e ,
• he Na ional Ice Co e Reposi o y, and
• he Na ional Cen e o A mosphe ic
Resea ch.
The Commission me again in Oc o-
be 1999 in A ling on, Vi ginia o discuss
in as uc u e, including he basic and
applied esea ch needed o cope wi h he
e ec s o clima e change on a c ic in a-
18
Public Awa eness, Educa ion, and
Ou each
A Council p io i y is public ou each
conce ning a c ic issues wi hin i s
manda e. Delega ions we e b ie ed on:
• he science educa ion p og am Global
Lea ning and Obse a ion o Bene i
he En i onmen (GLOBE), which
links p ima y and seconda y schools
wo ld-wide h ough he in e ne and
collec s aluable en i onmen al da a;
• p og ess in o ming a Uni e si y o
he A c ic, which will p omo e use o
in e ne and s uden / acul y exchanges
among ins i u ions o highe lea ning
in he A c ic (see page 22);
• use o he A c ic Council web si e
o build an in en o y o a c ic esea ch
and o he p og amma ic ac i i ies;
• he A c ic En i onmen al Da a
Di ec o y; and
• he A c ic En i onmen al A las.
The Senio A c ic O icials will mee
nex in Ap il 2000 in Fai banks, Alaska.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic
Council web si e (h p://a c ic-council.
usgs.go ) o con ac T acy Hall a he
S a e Depa men in Washing on, DC
(202/647-4972; ax 202/647-1106;
[email p o ec ed]).
A c ic Policy
A c ic Council Mee s Unde U.S. Leade ship
In No embe 1999, mo e han 150
delega es o he A c ic Council me in
Washing on, DC, unde he chai manship
o he Uni ed S a es, o discuss coope a i e
measu es o p omo e en i onmen al p o-
ec ion and sus ainable de elopmen in he
A c ic. The mee ing ollowed up on issues
discussed a he p e ious A c ic Council
mee ing in Ancho age, Alaska in May
1999. Delega es included senio o icials
o he eigh a c ic na ions, ep esen a i es
o a c ic indigenous o ganiza ions ha
ha e Pe manen Pa icipan s a us, and
ep esen a i es o acc edi ed obse e s.
The A c ic Council is a high-le el,
in e go e nmen al o um o he a c ic
na ions es ablished in 1996 (see Wi ness
Sp ing 1997). The Council g ew ou o
he g oundwo k ini ia ed be ween 1991
and 1996 as hose na ions pionee ed he
A c ic En i onmen al P o ec ion S a egy
(see Wi ness Au umn 1997).
En i onmen al P o ec ion
Fou o he Council’s i e wo king
g oups add ess en i onmen al issues such
as con aminan s, conse a ion o li ing
esou ces, and en i onmen al h ea s.
These g oups— he A c ic Moni o ing and
Assessmen P og am; Conse a ion o
A c ic Flo a and Fauna; Eme gency
P e en ion, P epa edness, and Response;
and P o ec ion o he A c ic Ma ine En i-
onmen — epo ed on p og ess hey ha e
made since he May 1999 mee ings.
Delega es e iewed plans o u he
de elop an A c ic Council Ac ion Plan,
which iden i ies p io i ies o educing
emissions and cleaning up con aminan s.
E o s a e also unde way o de elop a
comp ehensi e A c ic Clima e Impac
Assessmen o examine he implica ions
o clima e change and inc eased ul a iole
(UV) adia ion on he A c ic. Delega es
encou aged a c ic s a es o a i y he p o o-
cols on pe sis en o ganic pollu an s and
hea y me als ha a e pa o he Uni ed
Na ions’ con en ion on long- ange
ansbounda y ai pollu ion. Canada is he
only na ion o ha e a i ied he p o ocols.
Sus ainable De elopmen
The Council’s newly es ablished
Sus ainable De elopmen Wo king G oup
(SDWG), chai ed by Ray A naudo o he
U.S. S a e Depa men , held i s i s mee -
ings in May and No embe 1999. Mem-
be s epo ed on p og ess hey ha e made
in imp o ing he well-being o a c ic chil-
d en and you h, managing egional ishe -
ies, and expanding use o elemedicine on a
ci cumpola basis. The wo king g oup
endo sed a p ojec o p omo e cul u al and
eco- ou ism and ecei ed an upda e on he
compa a i e Su ey o Li ing Condi ions
in he A c ic.
The SDWG hea d p esen a ions and
p oposals on heal h issues such as eme ging
in ec ious diseases, occupa ional heal h and
sa e y in he ishing indus y, and he
heal h and en i onmen al needs o indig-
enous communi ies. Fae Ko smo, di ec o
o he NSF A c ic Social Sciences P og am
(see pages 14-15), e iewed social science
wo k in he A c ic, calling a en ion o se -
e al in e na ional join p ojec s and he
pa icipa ion o indigenous communi ies in
such esea ch.
The SDWG also discussed common
hemes and possible p io i ies o he
Council’s sus ainable de elopmen p o-
g am. The discussion ad anced e o s o
d a a amewo k documen o guide i s
ac i i ies.
The exis ence o he A c ic Council ce ainly ecognizes ha e e yone he e is
neighbo s. Alaska sha es a common bo de wi h ou neighbo s o he eas , in
Canada...; less han h ee miles away a he closes poin a e ou neighbo s in Russia...;
jus o e he op o he wo ld a e ou Eu opean neighbo s in Denma k, Finland, No -
way, Sweden, G eenland, and Iceland. And ce ainly we a e neighbo s as well o ... he
Council’s pe manen pa icipan s: he Inui Ci cumpola Con e ence, he Saami
Council, he Russian Associa ion o Indigenous Peoples o he No h, and he Aleu
In e na ional Associa ion.
“As we look o a p ospe ous socie y in he new cen u y, I belie e i mus be buil on
he unde s anding ha economic and en i onmen al policies a e no con on a ional
bu a e joined— ha in p og ess, each is dependen on he o he .... Pa o ou common
wo k he e s ems om he legacy o pas con amina ion. The wo k o he A c ic Moni-
o ing and Assessmen P og am, he Russian PCB-si es assessmen p ojec , and he co e
blood moni o ing s udy all poin o he need o plan and p e en .... Responsible de el-
opmen p o ides he esou ces necessa y o add ess ou o he p io i ies—educa ing ou
child en, keeping police on ou s ee s, plowing he snow om ou oads, ca ing o ou
elde s, and making he necessa y in es men s o p o ec ou en i onmen .”
—Alaska Go e no Tony Knowles
om an add ess welcoming he A c ic Council
4 May 1999
19
discussions on he e ms o e e ence,
membe ship, and asks, which include
de eloping:
• a ci cuma c ic ne wo k o en i on-
men al obse a o ies;
• uses o inno a i e echnologies (e.g.,
sa elli e obse a ions) and semina s on
a c ic echnologies; and
• a da abase o logis ical in o ma ion.
Pa icipan s also elec ed he FARO
Execu i e Commi ee, whose main ask
will be o plan he de elopmen o FARO.
The membe s a e:
• Bonni H ycyk, Chai (Canada),
• Ande s Ka lq is (Sweden),
• Ola O heim (No way), and
• Tom Pyle (Uni ed S a es).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he IASC
web si e (h p://www.iasc.no).
In 1998, he Canadian Cen e o
Fo eign Policy De elopmen a he
Depa men o Fo eign A ai s and In e -
na ional T ade held a se ies o mee ings,
a he eques o Minis e Lloyd Axwo hy,
add essing he de elopmen o a no he n
o eign policy o Canada. These consul a-
ions, wo kshops, and expe panels
esul ed in ecommenda ions on he s uc-
u e o Canadian policy, which a e being
discussed in he go e nmen and will be
submi ed o he cabine by Axwo hy.
Membe s o a pos -seconda y educa-
ion commi ee o he go e ning Libe al
Pa y o Canada ha e ou ed a numbe
o a c ic esea ch p og ams and com-
muni ies. They ha e been ac i e in ele a -
ing unde s anding o no he n esea ch
and aining among pa liamen a ians.
O he ini ia i es on no he n science and
echnology, such as hea ings on a c ic
esea ch by he S anding Commi ee on
Indus y and he inc ease in suppo o
he Pola Con inen al Shel P ojec in
1999, a e u he indica ions o a changing
clima e o no he n esea ch in Canada.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Pe e
Johnson in O awa, ON (613/562-5800
ex 1061; ax 613/562-5145; pe e j@aix1.
uo awa.ca).
A c ic Policy
IASC S a s Fo um o A c ic Ope a o s
Changing Clima e o A c ic Resea ch in Canada
The In e na ional A c ic Science
Commi ee (IASC) has led he de el-
opmen o a Fo um o A c ic Resea ch
Ope a o s (FARO). The Fo um, which
would be simila o he Council o Manag-
e s o Na ional An a c ic P og ammes,
would assis communica ion and coope a-
ion among he a ious en i ies in ol ed in
a c ic esea ch logis ics managemen . An
ini ial mee ing, held in Augus 1998, was
a ended by 24 ep esen a i es om ele en
coun ies who ag eed o ini ia e he
Fo um, appoin ed a small g oup o d a
e ms o e e ence, and had an ini ial
discussion abou asks.
The second FARO mee ing, held du -
ing IASC’s A c ic Science Summi Week
in Ap il 1999 in T omsø, No way also
was well a ended. Pa icipan s s a ed
A he same ime ha Canada is expe i-
encing poli ical de olu ion wi h he
o ma ion o sepa a e e i o ies o
Nuna u and he No hwes Te i o ies,
se e al na ional ini ia i es on no he n sci-
ence and echnology, esea ch, and o eign
policy a e demons a ing an inc eased ec-
ogni ion o science needs in he Canadian
No h. The new e i o ial go e nmen s
and land claims o ganiza ions in he No h
a e, howe e , aking much o he lead in
esea ch, p omo ing esea ch in a wide
ange o disciplines, de eloping esea ch
capaci y wi hin he communi ies, and
s imula ing economic ac i i y.
In Feb ua y 1999, a new Chai and
Boa d we e appoin ed o he Canadian Po-
la Commission, which se es as he link
be ween he popula ion o Canada and he
ede al go e nmen in bo h no h and
sou h pola a ai s. The Chai is Michael
Robinson, o me ly execu i e di ec o o
he A c ic Ins i u e o No h Ame ica a
he Uni e si y o Calga y, and cu en ly
P esiden and Chie Execu i e O ice o
he Glenbow Museum. The no he n esi-
den s on he Boa d a e Richa d Binde , a
Na i e ha es e and ou ism en ep eneu
om Inu ik; Josie Sias, an educa o and
o me pa k in e p e e om he Kluane
egion; and Jean Dupuis, who has been ac-
i e in he egional go e nmen o Ka i ik
in no he n Quebec. The academic com-
muni y is ep esen ed by Julie C uikshank,
a p o esso o An h opology (Uni e si y
o B i ish Columbia), and Pe e Johnson,
a p o esso o Physical Geog aphy (Uni-
e si y o O awa) and P esiden o he
Associa ion o Canadian Uni e si ies o
No he n S udies. Johnson was appoin ed
Vice-Chai o he Boa d. Wayne Adams, a
consul an and o me cabine minis e in
he go e nmen o No a Sco ia, comple es
he Boa d. In Augus 1999, S e en Big as
was appoin ed Execu i e Di ec o o he
Commission. The Canadian Pola Com-
mission is now implemen ing a Canadian
Pola In o ma ion Ne wo k (CPIN) and
has es ablished indica o s o moni o he
s a e o pola science in he coun y (see
h p://www. pola com.gc.ca).
The Associa ion o Canadian Uni e si-
ies o No he n S udies has es ablished a
communica ion sys em o no he n
esea che s, NORTHSCI, and has been
wo king o p omo e no he n esea ch in
academia and go e nmen (see h p://aix1.
uo awa.ca/associa ions/aucen-acuns/).
The Na u al Sciences and Enginee ing
Resea ch Council (NSERC) and he Social
Sciences and Humani ies Resea ch Coun-
cil (SSHRC) a e collabo a ing on a ask
o ce on no he n esea ch which has been
appoin ed by NSERC. The manda e o
he ask o ce is:
• o documen he s a e o no he n
science in Canada, and
• o ecommend ways in which he
challenges o no he n science migh
be add essed in he g an ing councils.
A e ex ensi e consul a ion wi h he
uni e si y and no he n communi ies,
he inal epo is now being d a ed.
A commi ee o Assis an Depu y Min-
is e s om all ede al go e nmen depa -
men s wi h an in e es in he No h, and
ep esen a i es om he Canadian Pola
Commission and he g an ing councils has
been discussing a No he n Science and
Technology S a egy o Canada. A wo k-
ing g oup es ablished by his commi ee
has d a ed a amewo k o no he n
science and echnology wi hin he
ede al go e nmen .
20
on he de elopmen o a collabo a i e ne -
wo k o high-la i ude e es ial esea ch
si es (SCANTRAN) o acili a e in eg a-
i e and compa a i e esea ch. The eme g-
ing SCANTRAN ne wo k, i i can be
es ablished, will con ibu e o ac i i ies o
o he in e na ional a c ic esea ch p o-
g ams, including he A c ic Moni o ing
and Assessmen P og amme (AMAP) and
Conse a ion o A c ic Flo a and Fauna
(CAFF) (see page 18), and he Ba en s Sea
Impac S udy.
An ARTERI wo kshop in Oc obe
1997 explo ed a case s udy o he en i on-
men al, social, cul u al, and economic
issues conce ning Sami peoples in Uppe
Lapland. The wo kshop highligh ed:
• he di e ences be ween o icial and
local iewpoin s, and
• pe cep ions o issues and esea ch
p io i ies.
The o ganiza ion o he wo kshop also
p o ided a model o pa icipa o y plan-
ning applicable o o he si ua ions whe e
in e ac ion be ween esea che s and
s akeholde s a e essen ial.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he
ARTERI web si e (h p://www.dpc.dk/
ARTERI.h ml) o con ac Bill Heal in
Edinbu gh, UK (+44/1968-674-927; ax
+44/1968-674-927; [email p o ec ed]).
bu was designed o enhance communica-
ion by p o iding a o um o he
exchange o in o ma ion and de elopmen
o collabo a ion wi hin he esea ch com-
muni y. ARTERI has in ol ed app oxi-
ma ely 200 esea che s om a leas 14
Eu opean coun ies and om Russia,
Canada, and he Uni ed S a es. Nine
wo kshops co e ed he ollowing opics:
• clima e-change impac scena ios in
cold egions;
• a high-la i ude e es ial ansec
(SCANTRAN);
• a Uni e si y o he A c ic (see page 22);
and
• human-en i onmen in e ac ions.
Pa icipan s a ou wo kshops
ocusing on he esponses o plan s,
animals, soils, and landscapes o clima e
change in cold egions de eloped de ailed
clima e-change impac scena ios. Pa ici-
pan s a ending he inal ARTERI
wo kshop in Janua y 1999 de eloped:
• a summa y o he p edic ed impac s o
clima e changes, and
• implica ions o policy.
The impac scena ios ep esen wo king
hypo heses ha can guide u he esea ch.
In collabo a ion wi h he In e na ional
Geosphe e Biosphe e P og amme,
ARTERI con ibu ed o h ee wo kshops
In e na ional News
The A c ic-Alpine Te es ial Ecosys-
em Resea ch Ini ia i e (ARTERI) has
jus comple ed i s h ee yea s (1996–99) o
conce ed ac ion ocusing on he in e ac-
i e e ec s o changes in land-use, clima e,
and composi ion on a c ic and alpine e -
es ial ecosys ems. The a c ic-alpine ocus
was unded by he Eu opean Commission
as a componen o he Te es ial Ecosys-
em Resea ch Ini ia i e (TERI) p og am. A
inal epo is now a ailable on he
ARTERI web si e (h p://www.dpc. dk/
ARTERI.h ml).
ARTERI based i s wo k on he esea ch
plan de eloped by he In e na ional A c ic
Science Commission (IASC) wo king
g oup on Te es ial Ecosys ems and Feed-
backs on Clima e Change. Objec i es o
he la e included unde s anding he
en i onmen al and biological con ols on,
and spa ial and empo al a ia ion in:
• eedbacks om su ace ene gy and
wa e balances;
• eedbacks o cycling and s o age o
ca bon and nu ien s, and consequences
o ecosys em s uc u e;
• eedbacks om ace-gas luxes; and
• edis ibu ion o species and eco ones,
and changes in biodi e si y, ocusing on
causes and consequences o he changes.
ARTERI was no a esea ch p og am
Since Ma ch 1997, he ole o he
c yosphe e in he clima e sys em has
been he subjec o discussions wi hin he
Wo ld Clima e Resea ch P og amme
(WCRP).
In Ma ch 1998, he A c ic Clima e
Sys em S udy (ACSYS) Scien i ic S ee ing
G oup p esen ed a pape a he annual
mee ing o he Join Scien i ic Commi ee
(JSC) o he WCRP:
• iden i ying gaps in knowledge o some
c yosphe ic p ocesses in he clima e
sys em, and
• summa izing he a ious op ions o
he o ganiza ion o c yosphe ic s udies
p o ided he basis o he endo semen .
On he basis o his summa y, he JSC
endo sed he idea o a b oade p og am
ACSYS B oadens in o Global C yosphe e
ARTERI Links Eu opean Resea ch E o s
on Clima e and C yosphe e (CLIC) and
es ablished a Task G oup o de elop a
science and coo dina ion plan o p esen-
a ion o he JSC in Ma ch 2000. A ha
ime, he JSC will decide whe he o
ini ia e CLIC as a ull WCRP p ojec .
The d a science and coo dina ion
plan ou lines equi emen s o :
• de eloping a globally in eg a ed
c yosphe ic componen in he WCRP;
• including c yosphe ic elemen s o
p esen global clima e change p og ams;
• enhancing links among global and
egional c yosphe ic s udies;
• ensu ing app op ia e ea men s o
c yosphe ic p ocesses in clima e models;
• assembling global and egional
c yosphe ic da a se s;
• in e ac ing wi h o he WCRP e o s,
pa icula ly he Global Ene gy and
Wa e Expe imen (GEWEX) and he
Clima e Va iabili y P ojec (CLIVAR);
and
• iden i ying app op ia e mechanisms o
collabo a ion wi h o he ela ed p ojec s.
The d a plan is now a ailable o e iew
and commen on he ACSYS CLIC web
si e (h p://www.npola .no/acsys/CLIC/
clic_d a .PDF).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ACSYS
CLIC web si e, o con ac Howa d Ca le
in B acknell, UK (+44/344-856-209; ax
+44/344-854-898; [email p o ec ed]).
21
managemen o pola bea popula ions and
ep esen a ion a in e na ional mee ings.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Cha lie
Johnson a he Nanuuq Commission in
Nome, AK (907/443-5044; ax 907/443-
5060; [email p o ec ed]) o Susanne
Kalxdo a he USFWS in Ancho age
(907/786-3828; ax 907/786-3816;
[email p o ec ed]).
Webbe is U.S. Delega e o IASC
Pa ick J. Webbe o Michigan S a e Uni e si y has been appoin ed as he new
U.S. delega e o he In e na ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC). He suc-
ceeds O an Young o Da mou h College, who se ed wo h ee-yea e ms and
made signi ican con ibu ions o IASC in i s o ma i e yea s. P o esso Young made
majo con ibu ions o he planning and implemen a ion o he IASC-sponso ed
Fi s In e na ional Con e ence o A c ic Resea ch Planning in 1995. He con inues
o ad oca e o in eg a ing social dimensions in o IASC-sponso ed p ojec s and will
emain ac i e in IASC a ai s as a membe o se e al science p ojec commi ees.
IASC was ounded in 1990 as a nongo e nmen al, in e na ional o ganiza ion
wi h he mission o encou aging, acili a ing, and p omo ing he ull ange o
basic and applied esea ch in he A c ic, including “encou aging coope a ion and
in eg a ion o human, social, and na u al sciences conce ned wi h he A c ic a a
ci cuma c ic o in e na ional le el and p o iding scien i ic ad ice on a c ic issues.”
Webbe is a plan ecologis who is ac i e in he In e na ional Tund a Expe imen
(ITEX; see page 10) and conce ned wi h he syne gism be ween clima e change and
su ace dis u bance om human ac i i ies. He was Di ec o o he Ins i u e o A c ic
and Alpine Resea ch a he Uni e si y o Colo ado om 1979 o 1986 and ARCSS
P og am Di ec o a NSF om 1993 o 1995.
The U.S. Pola Resea ch Boa d (PRB; see page 17) se es as he U.S. Na ional
Commi ee o IASC. Webbe will be wo king closely wi h he PRB o imp o e and
inc ease U.S. pa icipa ion in and unde s anding o IASC ac i i ies. He is pa icu-
la ly keen o ep esen he b oades possible spec um o U.S. schola ship o IASC
and in he coming mon hs will be a ending as many na ional mee ings as is possible
in o de o inc ease his e ec i eness as a delega e. He is in e es ed in hea ing om
U.S. a c ic schola s.
The nex mee ing o IASC is scheduled o 2-7 Ap il 2000 in Camb idge, Uni ed
Kingdom (see Calenda page 23). This mee ing will ea u e A c ic Science Summi
Week 2000 (ASSW 2000) and back- o-back mee ings o se e al o ganiza ions (e.g.,
A c ic Ocean Sciences Boa d, Eu opean Pola Boa d, and Fo um o A c ic Resea ch
Ope a o s). The i s ASSW was held in T omsø, No way in
1999. A numbe o in e na ional a c ic science o ganiza ions
ook pa and many held hei annual mee ings du ing his week.
Fo mo e in o ma ion on IASC and ASSW 2000, see he IASC
web si e (h p://www.iasc.no) o he PRB web si e (h p:/
www4.na ionalacademies.o g/cge /p b.ns ) o con ac Pa ick
Webbe in Eas Lansing, MI (517/355-1284; ax 517/432-2150;
[email p o ec ed]).
In e na ional News
Na i e Knowledge o Pola Bea s In o ms Th ee
In e na ional Su eys
The i s U.S. Fish and Wildli e Se ice
(USFWS) su ey ha o icially inco -
po a ed adi ional ecological knowledge
in o a managemen decision documen is
now se ing as he basis o a compa able
su ey on he Chuko ka Peninsula
in Russia.
Pola bea s a e di icul o s udy,
because hei anges a e la ge (e.g., in he
Chukchi Sea up o 5,500 miles/yea , o
app oxima ely 15 miles/day) and hei
habi a use in Alaska is no well docu-
men ed. Na i e people who sha e habi a
wi h pola bea s, howe e , ha e specialized
knowledge o he la ge a c ic mammals
ha is use ul o managemen pu poses.
In 1994, hun e s om 12 Alaskan
illages along he coas line o he Be ing,
Chukchi, and Beau o seas pa icipa ed
in a USFWS pola bea habi a -use su ey.
The hun e s iden i ied on maps a eas used
by he bea s o denning, eeding, and sea-
sonal mo emen s. Agency ep esen a i es
compiled he da a, en e ed he in o ma-
ion in o a geog aphic in o ma ion sys em
(GIS), and me again wi h he illage s
o con i m he da a and epo o he
communi ies. The esul s o his wo k
a e documen ed in Collec ion o Local
Knowledge Rega ding Pola Bea Habi a
Use in Alaska (see Publica ions page 23).
As a esul o his s udy, a simila s udy
is being ini ia ed in Russia. Iden i ying
pola bea habi a is pa o a la ge join
ag eemen be ween he Uni ed S a es and
Russia o conse a ion o he sha ed
Be ing/Chukchi seas s ock o pola bea s.
This ag eemen , commonly e e ed o as
he Bila e al Ag eemen , is awai ing
con i ma ion by he S a e Commi ee on
En i onmen and he Duma in Russia,
and ul ima ely by he U.S. Sena e.
The Na ional Pa k Se ice, unde i s
Be ingia P og am, has joined e o s o
p omo e pola bea conse a ion by
p o iding unding o he Alaska Nanuuq
Commission o conduc ing he pola bea
habi a -use su ey in Russia. The USFWS
will p o ide echnical assis ance o he
Alaska Nanuuq Commission and he
Union o Ma ine Mammal Hun e s in
Chuko ka, Russia as hey conduc a h ee-
yea s udy in an a ea nea Anady and
Pe ek on he Chuko ka Peninsula. Hun -
e s will map habi a a eas based on obse -
a ions collec ed o e hei li e imes.
The Alaska Nanuuq Commission was
ounded in 1994 o ensu e pola bea
conse a ion and subsis ence oppo uni ies
o Na i e esiden s o coas al illages, as
well as Alaska Na i e in ol emen in he

22
Applica ions o one-yea s udies in
a c ic geology, geophysics, and echnology
a e due in mid-Ap il o each yea . (S udies
begin in Augus .) Applica ions o one-
yea s udies in a c ic biology a e due in
mid-Oc obe . (S udies begin in Janua y.)
In addi ion o semes e s udies, UNIS
hos s academic con e ences and semina s,
and is conside ing o e ing indi idual
cou ses in he social sciences and humani-
ies. Ul ima ely, he ounda ion will o m
he co e o he S alba d Science Cen e,
an in e na ional a c ic cen e o expe ise
in esea ch and educa ion on S alba d,
which also will inco po a e many o he
p o essional and scien i ic ins i u ions on
he a chipelago.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he UNIS
web si e (h p://www.unis.no) o con ac
UNIS (+47/7902-3300; ax +47/7902-
3301; [email p o ec ed]).
Uni e si y o he A c ic
Mo es in o Implemen a ion
The In e im Council o he Uni e si y o he A c ic (UA c ic) (see Wi ness
Au umn 1998) me in Aku ey i, Iceland in Ap il 1999, hos ed by he S e ansson
A c ic Ins i u e and he Uni e si y o Aku ey i, Iceland. Discussions ela ed o
UA c ic implemen a ion included:
• plans o a Bachelo o Ci cumpola S udies in e disciplina y deg ee p og am;
• he p oposed Go e nance Sys em; and
• unding op ions and s a egies.
The In e im Council also discussed UA c ic pa icipa ion in:
• a join wo kshop wi h AMAP in Ro aniemi in Janua y 2000;
• ield schools ope a ing in he No h;
• a No he n Resea ch Fo um; and
• a Ci cumpola Mobili y Fo um.
Wi h suppo om he Go e nmen o Finland, a ci cumpola Coo dina ion
O ice has been es ablished a he A c ic Cen e, Uni e si y o Lapland, o suppo
he In e im Council du ing he implemen a ion pe iod. The Coo dina ion O ice
has de eloped a web si e, elec onic mailing lis , and newsle e .
The UA c ic co-sponso ed a Wo kshop on Sus ainable De elopmen in he A c ic
immedia ely p io o he Aku ey i mee ing, and ga e a p esen a ion o he Senio
A c ic O icials a he A c ic Council mee ing in Ancho age, Alaska in May 1999
(see page 18). A wo kshop on he UA c ic also con ened in June 1999 du ing he
Six h Ci cumpola Uni e si ies Coope a ion Con e ence in Abe deen, Sco land. The
In e im Council me on S alba d in Oc obe 1999 and will mee nex in May 2000
a he Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia in P ince Geo ge, Canada.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he UA c ic web si e (h p://www.u o a. i/home/
ua c ic) o con ac he Ci cumpola Coo dina ion O ice in Ro aniemi, Finland
(+358/16-341-2716; ax +358/16-341-2777; [email p o ec ed]).
Educa ion News
UNIS is “ he A c ic Al e na i e” o Uni e si y S uden s
Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d
(UNIS) is a p i a e ounda ion
es ablished in 1994 by he No wegian
go e nmen in coope a ion wi h No way’s
ou uni e si ies o o e esea ch-based
educa ion in he high A c ic (see Wi ness
Au umn 1998). Because high-calibe
ieldwo k and c uises a e he co e o
ins uc ion, UNIS e e s o i sel as
“ he a c ic al e na i e o [unde g adua e,
mas e s, and doc o al] s uden s o biology,
geology, geophysics, and echnology.”
UNIS o e s semes e - and yea -long
p og ams o s udy o s uden s om No -
way and ab oad. Cou ses a e designed o
complemen he eaching a ailable a
mainland uni e si ies. S uden s ypically
ha e a leas h ee yea s o expe ience in
unde g adua e science and/o enginee ing.
They a e expec ed o help plan and pa -
icipa e in eal esea ch p ojec s unde
demanding pola condi ions. As one
esea che ecen ly obse ed, “ hey end
o be a highly sel -selec ed g oup.”
UNIS is loca ed in Longyea byen (78o
N), in he S alba d a chipelago. Mean
empe a u es a e ela i ely mild o his
la i ude, anging om -14oC o +6oC in
he summe ; annual ex emes each -49oC
and +21oC in own. App oxima ely 66%
o S alba d is glacie -co e ed, and pe ma-
os is p esen elsewhe e o dep hs o as
much as 500 m. E en so, S alba d hos s
app oxima ely 165 plan species.
Reindee and oxes equen own, pola
bea s numbe 2,000 in he a chipelago
as a whole, and he la ges bi d colony
in he No h A lan ic is ound in
he a chipelago.
Longyea byen i sel (pop. 1,500) is
a mode n own whose economy is based
on ou ism as well as coal mining. Eigh
weekly ligh s o T omsø p o ide con e-
nien access o and om he es o he
wo ld. The es ablished in as uc u e in
he con ex o a c ic wilde ness p o ides
an excep ional se ing o bo h ield and
labo a o y wo k, bo h he collec ion and
analysis o da a.
Longyea byen has been he s aging
poin o many la ge mul ina ional p o-
jec s in he pas (e.g., he Ma ginal Ice
Zone Expe imen [MIZEX] in 1983–84,
he Coope a i e Eas A c ic Resea ch
Expedi ion [CEAREX] in 1988–89).
S alba d also o e s oppo uni ies o
smalle , ocused s udies ha would be
di icul elsewhe e. The logis ics base and
esea ch acili ies a e s able, con enien ,
and ela i ely inexpensi e. Fu he mo e,
UNIS and he No wegian Pola Ins i u e
p o ide an excep ional concen a ion o
alen ed scien i ic pe sonnel, in bo h
pe manen s a and ansien lec u e s.
The ounda ion is unded by he
No wegian go e nmen and No wegian
and in e na ional s uden s pay no cou se
ee. UNIS i s o e ed cou ses in Au umn
1993; in 1999, i o e ed 33 di e en
cou ses—16 a he g adua e and doc o al
le els— o app oxima ely 220 s uden s.
UNIS aims o ec ui up o hal o i s s u-
den s om ab oad. Facul y come o UNIS
om all o e he wo ld. Ins uc ion is in
English.
23
The A c ic Paleosciences in he Con ex o Global Change Resea ch. PARCS. 1999. Ea h
Sys ems His o y Sec e a ia , Ame ican Geophysical Union. Washing on, DC. A ailable
on he ARCUS web si e (h p://www.a cus.o g/pa cs/ _pa cs.h ml).
Collec ion o Local Knowledge Rega ding Pola Bea Habi a Use in Alaska. S. Kalxdo .
1997. U.S. Fish and Wildli e Se ice, Technical Repo MMM 97-2, Ancho age, AK.
72 pp.
Impac s o Global Clima e Change in he A c ic Regions. Gun e Welle and Man ed
Lange, edi o s. 1999. Repo om a wo kshop on he Impac s o Global Change, Ap il
25-26, 1999. In e na ional A c ic Science Commi ee. Cen e o Global Change and
A c ic Sys em Resea ch, Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks.
Inui , Whaling and Sus ainabili y. M. Mil on, R. F eeman, L. Bogoslo skaya,
R.A. Caul ield, I. Egede, I.I. K upnik, and M.G. S e enson. 1998. Con empo a y
Na i e Ame ican Se ies, Vol. 1. Al aMi a P ess, Walnu C eek, CA. Pb/ha d $25/$52.
(805/499-9774; ax 805/499-0871; [email p o ec ed]; h p://www.al ami ap ess.
com).
Ocean D illing Resea ch: An A c ic Pe spec i e. 1999. Na ional Resea ch Council, Pola
Resea ch Boa d, Commission on Geosciences, En i onmen and Resou ces. Na ional
Academy P ess, Washing on, DC. 9 pp. (h p://www.nap.edu/books/NI000766/h ml).
Ma ch 16-18 The 30 h In e na ional A c ic Wo kshop. Uni e si y o Colo ado,
Boulde , CO. Con ac ([email p o ec ed]; h p://ins aa .colo ado.edu/AW2000/).
Ap il 2-7 A c ic Science Summi Week 2000. Camb idge, Uni ed Kingdom. Ini ial
con ac is he IASC Sec e a ia ([email p o ec ed]; h p://www.iasc.no/de aul .h m).
Ap il 26 A c ic Council Sus ainable De elopmen WG Mee ing. Fai banks, AK.
Con ac he A c ic Council Sec e a ia in Washing on, DC (202/647-0241; ax 202/
647-4353; [email p o ec ed]; h p://a c ic-council.usgs.go /).
May 6-7 Six h Na ional S uden Con e ence on No he n S udies. Uni e si é La al,
Québec, Canada. Con ac he GÉTIC O ice in S e-Foy, Quebec, Canada (418/656-
2131 ex 8365; [email p o ec ed]; h p://www.uo awa.ca/associa ions/aucen-
acuns/en/n_s_con .h ml).
May 16-19 ARCUS 12 h Annual Mee ing and A c ic Fo um. A ling on, VA. Con ac
ARCUS (907/474-1600; ax 907/474-1604; [email p o ec ed]; h p://www.a cus.o g).
May 30-June 3 Ame ican Geophysical Union (AGU) 2000 Sp ing Mee ing. Washing-
on, DC. Con ac AGU in Washing on, DC (800/966-2481; ax: 202/328-0566;
[email p o ec ed] [Subjec : Sp ing 2000 Mee ing]; h p://www.agu.o g).
June 2-6 CAPE 2000–Sea Ice in he Clima e Sys em–The Reco d o he No h A lan ic
A c ic. Ki kjubaeja klaus u , Iceland. Con ac O ganizing Commi ee Chai , Aslaug
Gei sdo i ([email p o ec ed]; h p://ins aa .colo ado.edu/~du all/cape/cape2000.h ml).
June 12-17 18 h Pola Lib a ies Colloquy. Winnipeg, Mani oba, Canada. Con ac he
Con e ence O ganize Ba ba a Kelcey ([email p o ec ed]) o he P og am
Chai Anne Mo on ([email p o ec ed]; h p://www.go .mb.ca/chc/a chi es/
hbca/abou /plc/pola pg.h ml).
June 19-23 In e na ional Glaciological Socie y Symposium on Sea Ice and i s In e ac-
ions wi h he Ocean, A mosphe e, and Biosphe e. Fai banks, AK. Con ac Sec e a y
Gene al, In e na ional Glaciological Socie y in Camb idge, UK (+44/1223-355-974; ax
+44/1223-336-543; [email p o ec ed]) o Ma in Je ies in Fai banks,
AK (Chai man, Local O ganizing Commi ee; [email p o ec ed]; h p://
www.gi.alaska.edu/seaicesymposium/).
Publica ions
ARCUS
600 Uni e si y A enue, Sui e 1
Fai banks, Alaska 99709 USA
Phone: 907/474-1600
Fax: 907/474-1604
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.a cus.o g
Execu i e Di ec o
Wendy K. Wa nick
ARCUS is a nonp o i o ganiza ion
consis ing o ins i u ions o ganized
and ope a ed o educa ional,
p o essional, o scien i ic pu poses.
ARCUS was es ablished by i s
membe ins i u ions in 1988 wi h
he p ima y mission o s eng hening
A c ic esea ch o mee na ional
needs. ARCUS ac i i ies a e unded
h ough a coope a i e ag eemen
wi h NSF; by DOE, AFN; and by
membe ship dues.
Wi ness he A c ic is published
biannually by ARCUS. Any opinions,
indings, conclusions, o ecommen-
da ions exp essed in his publica ion
do no necessa ily e lec he iews
o NSF. Submi ideas o he Sp ing
2000 newsle e by 15 Ma ch 2000.
Managing Edi o : Wendy Wa nick
Edi o /Designe : Ma y Peale
Edi o s: Alison Yo k, Sue Mi chell
Copy Edi o : Diane Wallace
Con ibu o s: P.A. Ande son, J. Be kson,
G. B ass, J. B igham-G e e, W. B is ow,
H. Ca le, F.S. Chapin III, L. Codispo i,
D. Co be , J. Deming, J. Dionne, L. Duguay,
G. Dup ee, M. Edwa ds, C. El ing,
S. Fo man, J. G ebmeie , T. Hall, O. Heal,
R. Hollis e , H. Hun ing on, G. Jacoby,
C. Johnson, P. Johnson, S. Kalxdo , L. King,
F. Ko smo, J. K use, R. Langlais, M.
Ledbe e , G. LeMoine, L. Lønnum,
L. Ma inco ich, P. Minne , J. Mo ison,
R. Mo i z, T. Pyle, V. Romano sky,
D. Ro h ock, T.S. Rupp, R. Samb o o,
B. Sme hie, A. S a ield, S. S ephenson,
W. Tucke , M. Walke , P. Webbe , D. Wes .
wi .ness (wi nis) n. 1.a. One who has hea d
o seen some hing. b. One who u nishes
e idence. 2. Any hing ha se es as
e idence; a sign. 3. An a es a ion o a ac ,
s a emen , o e en . — . . 1. To be
p esen a o ha e pe sonal knowledge o .
2. To p o ide o se e as e idence o . 3. To
es i y o; bea wi ness. —in . To u nish o
se e as e idence; es i y. [Middle English
wi nes(se), Old English wi nes, wi ness,
knowledge, om wi , knowledge, wi .]
Check he ARCUS Web si e Calenda (h p://www.a cus.o g) o mo e...
Publica ions Calenda
24
We a e pleased o b ing o you,
h ough Wi ness he A c ic, in o -
ma ion abou no able a c ic esea ch
e o s and scien i ic indings, imp o ed
logis ical capabili y, and signi ican
ad ances in ou unde s anding o he
A c ic as a egion— hese comp ise impo -
an miles ones o ou p og ess in a c ic
esea ch a he dawn o a new cen u y.
Some signi ican scien i ic ques ions
ha we ace include:
• Wha is he expec ed magni ude o
clima e change in he A c ic, and wha
h ea does i pose?
• Wha is happening o he ishe ies o
he No h A lan ic and No h Paci ic?
• How should go e nmen s deal wi h he
aspi a ions and igh s o Fi s Na ions
people?
• Wha is he na u e and magni ude o
he h ea o con aminan s o a c ic
ecosys ems and ood webs?
Whe he you hink o he yea 2000 as
he end o he 20 h cen u y o he begin-
ning o he 21s , and he beginning o end
o a millennium, he i s decades o he
21s cen u y a e likely o b ing o a c ic
esea ch mo e compelling ques ions,
unexpec ed p oblems and ensions—and
p o oca i e and exci ing indings. Such is
he na u e o he in e na ional, mul i-
disciplina y en e p ise in which we a e
engaged, seeking o unde s and a pa o
he wo ld abou which ela i ely li le is
known, in a ime o majo en i onmen al
Non-P o i O g.
U.S. Pos age
PAID
Pe mi No. 99
Fai banks, AK
P in ed on Recycled Pape
A c ic
Resea ch
Conso ium
o he
Uni ed S a es
600 Uni e si y
A enue,
Sui e 1
Fai banks, AK
99709
USA
An In i a ion o he ARCUS 12 h Annual Mee ing and
A c ic Fo um
—2000
and cul u al change. In such an endea o ,
a s eady exchange o ideas is essen ial and
he ellowship o colleagues i al.
The scien i ic adi ion o p in ed li -
e a u e and he nea ly ins an aneous elec-
onic communica ions now possible a e
impo an o such exchanges. ARCUS
emphasizes he alue o going beyond
hese me hods, howe e , by b inging
oge he he disciplina ily di e se and geo-
g aphically dispe sed communi y o a c ic
esea che s. While being in each o he s’
p esence does no gua an ee in e ac ion,
oppo uni ies o collabo a ion and in e-
g a ion a e c ea ed ha o he wise do no
occu . One impo an ga he ing is he
ARCUS Annual Mee ing and A c ic Fo um.
The ARCUS 12 h Annual Mee ing
will ake place 16–19 May 2000 in A ling-
on, Vi ginia. The annual mee ing se es
as an in o ma ion clea inghouse a which
pa icipan s discuss issues impo an o
a c ic esea ch, de elop ecommenda ions
on key ques ions, and plan s a egies and
ac i i ies o ad ance a c ic esea ch e o s.
The A c ic Fo um, a science symposium
ha includes o al and pos e p esen a ions,
will ocus his yea on change in he
A c ic, looking a signi ican aspec s o
obse ed and p edic ed en i onmen al,
social, economic, and cul u al changes.
O he mee ing ac i i ies will include:
• b ie ings om agency pe sonnel;
• a panel discussion examining scien i ic
p io i ies in a c ic esea ch, new
oppo uni ies, and impedimen s o
he a c ic esea ch en e p ise; and
• in o ma ion abou in e na ional a c ic
esea ch p og ams and ini ia i es.
Mee ings o he Council ( ep esen a-
i es o he 35 ARCUS membe ins i u-
ions) and he 13-membe ARCUS Boa d
o Di ec o s will ocus on he di ec ion
and business o he o ganiza ion.
We encou age communi y pa icipa-
ion in hese ac i i ies, and he in ol e-
men o agency pe sonnel and legisla o s
and hei s a s. I you a e in e es ed in
a ending, please con ac us. Fo mo e
in o ma ion abou he mee ing, see he
ARCUS web si e (h p://www.a cus.o g).
Please join us.
Inside
A c ic Logis ics 4
NSF News 6
ARCSS P og am News 7
A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am News 11
A c ic Social Sciences P og am News 14
Capi ol Upda es 16
U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission 17
Pola Resea ch Boa d 17
A c ic Policy 18
In e na ional News 20
Educa ion News 22
Calenda and Publica ions 23