1
con inued on nex page
Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709
ARCTIC
Ch onicles o he NSF A c ic Sciences P og am Sp ing 2000, Volume 8 Numbe 1
Na i e Obse a ions Cap u e Impac s o Sea Ice Changes
by Hen y P. Hun ing on
Many signs o change in he a c ic
en i onmen ha e been iden i ied
h ough scien i ic esea ch. Familia
examples include a hinning o sea ice,
ea lie g owing seasons on land, and ising
empe a u es in pe ma os . O he signs o
change ha e been obse ed by indigenous
esiden s o he A c ic, who epo changes
in sea-ice cha ac e is ics, a g ea e e-
quency o ex eme wea he , and declines
in he a ailabili y o body condi ion o
some ma ine mammals.
Caleb Pungowiyi, a Yup’ik Eskimo
om Wes e n Alaska, exp essed his con-
ce ns abou changes in ol ing a c ic
ma ine mammals and he en i onmen in
a No embe 1998 le e o he Ma ine
Mammal Commission. Pungowiyi is a
Special Ad iso on Na i e A ai s o he
Commission, an independen ede al
agency p o iding policy and p og am
guidance o Cong ess and he Execu i e
B anch on ma ine mammal conse a ion.
Pungowiyi no ed ha he Na i e
communi y had obse ed:
• in many a eas, he sea ice has been o
ela i ely poo quali y in ecen yea s;
• o e he pas 30 yea s o so, Be ing Sea
ice has become hinne , and i has been
o ming la e and disin eg a ing o
mel ing ea lie ; and
• he e a e mo e b oken ice loes.
These changes a ec he ma ine mammal
species upon which Na i e communi ies
ely o subsis ence. Fo example, wal us
cal p oduc ion in poo ice yea s has been
low. The e also is g owing conce n ha
inged seals, which depend upon s able
ice condi ions o success ully ea hei
young and a e p incipal p ey o pola
bea s, may decline in popula ion due o
poo ice condi ions.
Wi h hese conce ns in mind, he
Ma ine Mammal Commission b ough
oge he a oughly equal numbe o
scien is s and knowledgeable ep esen a-
i es o Alaska Na i e communi ies o a
wo kshop on Impac s o Changes in Sea Ice
and O he En i onmen al Pa ame e s in
he A c ic. Suppo o his wo kshop also
came om he Uni e si y o Alaska’s
No h Paci ic Ma ine Resea ch Ini ia i e,
he Na ional Ma ine Fishe ies Se ice, and
he Na ional Oceanic and A mosphe ic
Adminis a ion’s O ice o Oceanic and
A mosphe ic Resea ch.
The pu poses o he wo kshop, held in
Feb ua y 2000 in Gi dwood, Alaska we e:
• o e iew, om bo h adi ional know-
ledge and scien i ic pe spec i es, how
changes in sea ice and o he en i on-
men al pa ame e s may be a ec ing
a c ic li ing esou ces and he
indigenous cul u es and p ac ices
ha depend upon hose esou ces;
• o iden i y possible measu es ha can
be aken o mi iga e he impac s o
ealized and an icipa ed changes; and
• o de elop a documen ha p o ides
a compelling bluep in o ac ion by
legisla o s, conse a ionis s, a c ic
esiden s, and o he s.
The combina ion o mul idisciplina y
science and adi ional knowledge
Se e al s udies ha e documen ed a dec ease in he ex en o sea ice in he no he n hemisphe e o e he pas 25 yea s
(Vinniko e al. 19991).
1970 1980 1990 2000
Yea
13.0
12.5
12.0
11.5
11.0
Ice Ex en (in millions o squa e km)
Chapman & Walsh (1993), upda ed
Pa kinson e al. (1999), upda ed
Bjo go e al. (1997)
Ropelewski (1985), upda ed
Zakha o (1997)
2
Fea u e A icle
p o ided a s ong basis o add essing he
challenges posed by en i onmen al change
in he A c ic, and he e ec s ha hese
changes may ha e had, and in some cases
a e ha ing, on ma ine mammals and he
Alaska Na i e way o li e.
Wo kshop pa icipan s ecognized ha
he e ec s o en i onmen al change a e
al eady being seen in no he n Alaska and
ha u he a en ion is wa an ed o assess
and minimize he likely se e i y o
u u e impac s. Al hough he wo kshop
ocused la gely on he Alaskan A c ic, i s
implica ions a e in e na ional in scope,
because all a c ic egions ace simila chal-
lenges ela ed o en i onmen al change.
Se e al o he changes documen ed by
scien is s ha e been epo ed be o e (e.g.,
wa ming o pe ma os , hinning o pack
ice in he A c ic Ocean, mel ing o glacie s,
ising sea le el). Changes obse ed by
Elde s and Na i e hun e s, howe e , ha e
no gene ally been widely epo ed.
Examples o such obse a ions p esen ed
a he wo kshop included shi s in ma ine
mammal dis ibu ions and changes in he
cha ac e is ics o sea ice and i s o ma ion.
In Alaska, o example:
• mo e humpback whales a e seen
a Gambell in he Be ing Sea;
• bowhead whales a e seen nea Dee ing
in Ko zebue Sound;
• ewe bea ded seals a e seen nea
Dee ing;
• popula ions o some bi d species
(e.g., oldsquaws, sandpipe s) ha e
declined in some a eas;
• mul i-yea ice loes no longe d i
sou h h ough he Be ing S ai o
S . Law ence Island in he all;
• a Ba ow, b eak up o sea ice is much
ea lie han i used o be, occu ing
now in June a he han July; and
• sea wa e eezes only om he op
a he han also on he bo om as i
used o. (Bo om- o ming ice b ings
sedimen s and nu ien s o he su ace
when i b eaks ee and loa s.)
Physical e ec s ha e been obse ed as well:
• sandy beaches a e disappea ing on
S . Law ence Island, as e osion inc eases
because he e a e mo e s o ms and less
sea ice o p o ec sho elines in he all.
Obse a ions o his kind make clea he
need o ca e ul ca aloguing o Na i e
knowledge o he local en i onmen and
he changes ha a e occu ing in i . Link-
ing o he wise isola ed bi s o in o ma ion
om di e en communi ies and o e ime
can help iden i y signi ican ends and
s imula e u he esea ch in o he causes
o he obse ed changes.
Wi h his in mind, he wo kshop’s ec-
ommenda ions include se e al conce ning
he need o mo e collabo a i e esea ch,
buil on ue pa ne ships be ween coas al
communi ies and esea che s. In pa icu-
la , wo kshop pa icipan s ecommended
de elopmen o a o mal plan in ol ing
esiden s o coas al communi ies:
• o sys ema ically eco d obse a ions o
selec ed physical and biological pa am-
e e s (e.g., ice condi ions, empe a u e,
wind speed and di ec ion); and
• o conduc beach su eys o coun ,
iden i y, and collec samples om
s anded o beach-cas ma ine
mammals, sea bi ds, and ish.
Resul s o such local moni o ing
p og ams would include g ea e commu-
ni y in ol emen in clima e-change
esea ch, imp o ed moni o ing, and
enhanced quan i y and quali y o
da a collec ed. Fo example:
• Communi y-based moni o s can ack
e en s ha canno be moni o ed by
emo e ield s a ions (e.g., mig a ions,
s andings).
• T adi ional knowledge, d awing on
obse a ions o phenomena o e ime
pe iods a longe han hose o which
scien i ic eco ds a e a ailable, can help
iden i y ends and illumina e causal
ela ionships among en i onmen al
pa ame e s.
• Such unde s anding o en i onmen al
and ecological in e ac ions can help
o c ea e and es hypo heses ega ding
he likely impac s o clima e change.
• Local in ol emen in moni o ing
p o ides ano he a enue o iden i ying
communi y conce ns and in ol ing
local esiden s in decisions a ec ing
he u u e o hei communi ies.
O he wo kshop ecommenda ions
add essed esea ch needs, policy, commu-
nica ion, and educa ional ini ia i es o all
g oups, including s uden s, educa o s, and
decisionmake s. The pa icipan s ecom-
mended using ongoing local and egional
esea ch p og ams o in o m and exci e
s uden s and o he s, and o encou age
mo e Na i e s uden s o pu sue
science ca ee s.
The wo kshop epo will con ain he
conclusions and ecommenda ions o he
wo kshop, a summa y o he discussions
held by b eak-ou g oups du ing he wo k-
shop, and backg ound pape s desc ibing
a ious aspec s o en i onmen al change
in he A c ic. The epo is expec ed o
be comple ed and a ailable by mid-2000.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Robe
H. Ma lin, Assis an Scien i ic P og am
Di ec o o he Ma ine Mammal Com-
mission in Be hesda, MD (301/504-0087;
ax 301/504-0099; m[email p o ec ed]).
Hen y P. Hun ing on is owne o Hun-
ing on Consul ing. He wo ks on a numbe
o opics ela ed o a c ic esea ch and policy.
Re e ences
1. Vinniko , K.Y., A. Robock, R.J. S ou e ,
J.E. Walsh, C.L. Pa kinson, D.J. Ca alie i,
J.F.B. Mi chell, D. Ga e , and V.F. Zakha o .
1999. Global Wa ming and No he n Hemisphe e
Sea Ice Ex en . Science 286:1934–1936.
Wal us eed on he sea loo o
he shallow con inen al shel .
They es , ma e, and gi e
bi h on sea ice. I he pack
ice e ea s beyond he edge o
he con inen al shel ,
as i has done in some ecen
yea s, he wal us mus ei he
swim g ea dis ances o each
hei eeding g ounds o ind
haulou s on land, ei he o
which s esses he animals.
(Pho o © Bill Hess, Running
Dog Publica ions).
3
ARCSS P og am
The S udy o En i onmen al A c ic
Change (SEARCH) p oposes o
es ablish an o ganized esea ch p og am
in es iga ing he sui e o changes docu-
men ed in he A c ic o e he pas decade
ha coincide wi h he inc easing A c ic
Oscilla ion (AO) index, bu ha also coin-
cide wi h inc easing human use o he
A c ic’s esou ces (see Wi ness Sp ing/
Au umn 1999). An unde s anding o hese
po en ially in e ela ed changes, collec i ely
known as Onami, and hei implica ions
will equi e a coo dina ed p og am o :
• long- e m obse a ions,
• modeling,
• p ocess s udies, and
• assessmen o p obable ecological and
social impac s.
Inc easingly, SEARCH is being ecog-
nized in he la ge communi y o clima e-
o ien ed esea ch and U.S. unding agen-
cies. SEARCH was included as “ eady o
immedia e a en ion” in he mos ecen
e ision (Fall/Win e 1999) o he U.S.
A c ic Resea ch Plan o he In e agency A c-
ic Resea ch Policy Commi ee (IARPC).
An In e agency Wo king G oup on
SEARCH (IWGS) was es ablished and
asked in Ma ch 2000. The Na ional Oce-
anic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion
(NOAA) chai s he wo king g oup. O he
agencies ep esen ed include NSF, he
Na ional Ae onau ics and Space Adminis-
a ion, he En i onmen al P o ec ion
A join wo king g oup will o e see he
SEARCH-CLIVAR collabo a ion. Because
SEARCH plans o include social and eco-
logical aspec s o a c ic change ha a e
ou side o he usual domain o CLIVAR,
o ganiza ional decisions abou he collabo-
a ion emain o be made.
SEARCH has also ga ne ed in e na-
ional suppo . Many o he key obse a-
ions mus be made ou side he Uni ed
S a es, o in wa e s bes eached om
o he coun ies, necessi a ing in e na ional
coope a ion. Thus a , he ollowing in e -
na ional p og ams a e discussing collabo-
a i e a angemen s wi h SEARCH:
• he A c ic Clima e Sys em S udy
(ACSYS; see h p://www.npola .no/
acsys/impplan/index.h m) and he Cli-
ma e and C yosphe e P ojec (CLIC;
h p://www.npola .no/acsys/CLIC/
clic_may2.pd ), which a e bo h pa o
he WCRP (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn
1999 and h p://www.wmo.ch/web/
wc p/wc p-home.h ml); and
• he Va iabili y o Exchanges in No h-
e n Seas P ojec (VEINS; h p://
www.i m.uni-hambu g.de/~ eins/),
unded by he Eu opean Union.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he
SEARCH web si e (h p://psc.apl.
washing on.edu/sea ch), o con ac Jamie
Mo ison in Sea le, WA (206/543-1394;
ax 206/616-3142; mo ison@apl.
washing on.edu).
SEARCH Gains In e agency and In e na ional Recogni ion
Agency, and Depa men s o De ense and
Ene gy.
Du ing he nex se e al mon hs, he
IWGS plans o de elop an in e agency
plan o he conduc o SEARCH ac i i-
ies, wi h he ollowing en a i e imeline:
• An implemen a ion plan o Fiscal Yea
(FY) 2001, including plans o collabo-
a i e p ojec s in es iga ing ocean luxes
(see page 21) and imp o ed modeling o
ocean/a mosphe e in e ac ions, was sen
o IARPC a he end o June 2000;
• A summa y o agency budge eques s o
suppo SEARCH ac i i ies in FY 2002
will be p epa ed o he O ice o Man-
agemen and Budge by Decembe 2000;
• The in e agency SEARCH science plan
and a p oposed coo dina ed in e agency
budge eques o FY 2003 is expec ed
o be comple ed by Feb ua y 2001.
In addi ion, he U.S. componen o he
Clima e Va iabili y and P edic abili y
(CLIVAR) p og am has endo sed
SEARCH as he a c ic componen o i s
e o . CLIVAR is an in e disciplina y
esea ch p og am wi hin he Wo ld Cli-
ma e Resea ch P og amme (WCRP)
ocusing on he a iabili y and p edic abil-
i y o he slowly a ying componen s o
he clima e sys em (see h p://www.soc.
so on.ac.uk/CLIVAR). CLIVAR in es i-
ga es physical p ocesses in he clima e
sys em ha occu on seasonal, in e annual,
decadal, and cen ennial ime scales.
The A c ic Sys em Science (ARCSS)
Commi ee (AC) p o ides guidance on
behal o he a c ic esea ch communi y o
he ARCSS P og am o ensu e i s long-
e m ele ance and iabili y in ligh o new
esul s and science p io i ies. The AC is
pu suing a ious ac i i ies o iden i y new
ini ia i es and ad ance in eg a ion (see
Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999).
The AC is planning o an ARCSS-
wide All-Hands mee ing in la e 2001, wi h
goals including iden i ica ion o ARCSS
esea ch oppo uni ies ha will add ess
ques ions abou sys em in e ac ions h ough
in e disciplina y modeling e o s and
ac i e in ol emen o young in es iga o s.
Wo king wi h Rudy Dich l, who e-
cen ly eplaced Ma C oss as he Da a
Manage a he ARCSS Da a Coo dina-
ion Cen e (ADCC) a he Na ional
Snow and Ice Da a Cen e , he AC helped
o de elop a use su ey o e alua e he
pas da a managemen o ADCC and
ARCSS and o ga he sugges ions o im-
p o emen s. The su ey is a ailable a
h p://a css.colo ado.edu/ques ionnai e.
The AC o e saw publica ion o a new
b ochu e, Unde s anding Global Change in
he A c ic (see Publica ions, page 27),
designed o assis esea che s in educa ion
and ou each e o s by in oducing a
b oad gene al audience o he ARCSS P o-
g am and he signi icance o global change
in he egion.
Fo mo e in o ma ion on he ARCSS
P og am, see he ARCSS web si e (h p://
www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/sys em.h m)
o con ac P og am Di ec o Mike
Ledbe e (703/292-8029; ax 703/282-
9082; [email p o ec ed]) o AC Chai
Jack K use (413/367-2240; ax 413/367-
0092; [email p o ec ed]).
ARCSS Commi ee Encou ages In o ma ion Exchange
4
ARCSS P og am
OAII Resea che s Visi USCGC
Healy
and Plan Resea ch
A c ic oceanog aphe s con e ged on he
inne ha bo o Bal imo e in Ma ch
2000 o isi he Coas Gua d’s new
esea ch iceb eake , he USCGC Healy
(see page 24 and Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn
1999). The isi o s included colleagues
om he Uni e si y-Na ional Oceano-
g aphic Labo a o y Sys em (UNOLS) and
he A c ic Iceb eake Coo dina ing Com-
mi ee (AICC), bo h di ec ly in ol ed in
he de elopmen o he Healy’s scien i ic
capabili ies, and pe sonnel om NSF and
he O ice o Na al Resea ch (ONR), and
ARCSS Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac-
ions (OAII) scien is s.
Shel Basin In e ac ions (SBI)
Fo y SBI Phase I p incipal in es iga-
o s (PIs), co-PIs, pos doc o al and g adu-
a e s uden s, and NSF and ONR science
manage s me in Bal imo e o discuss ini-
ial esul s om SBI Phase I s udies. A
po ion o he mee ing held on he Healy
included ou s o he imp essi e new a c ic
esea ch pla o m and scien i ic p esen a-
ions in a pos e session o ganized by he
AICC (see page 24). Pa icipan s sha ed
in o ma ion abou shel -basin p ocesses in
he Wes e n A c ic Ocean, including:
• wa e -mass anspo and cha ac e is ics,
• biogeochemical cha ac e is ics in wa e
and sedimen s,
• highe and lowe biological popula ions
and dynamics, and
• modeling esul s o in e disciplina y
da a se s.
Resea ch esul s include:
• e idence o signi ican ecen changes
in he Paci ic and A lan ic in lows in o
he A c ic Ocean;
• ecen ecological changes in Paci ic
Wa e s en e ing he A c ic; and
• e idence o majo empe a u e changes
du ing he Holocene in he Wes e n
A c ic.
A summa y o he p esen a ions and
abs ac s is a ailable on he SBI web si e
(h p://u k-biogw.bio.u k.edu/sbi.ns ).
Pa icipan s also discussed he d a
SBI Phase II implemen a ion plan o ield
wo k o begin in Sp ing 2002.
In la e Ma ch 2000, he SBI Science
S ee ing Commi ee me o inalize he
SBI Phase II implemen a ion plan which
will o m he basis o an NSF Announce-
men o Oppo uni y expec ed in Janua y
2001. Resul s o his mee ing include:
• es uc u ing o he c oss-disciplina y
SBI objec i es unde h ee headings—
Inpu o he Be ing S ai Region,
T ans o ma ions in he Resea ch Box,
and Ou pu o he A c ic Basin;
• ocusing he p og am in o a de ined
s udy a ea on he ou e shel -slope o
he Chukchi and Beau o seas, wi h
se ansec lines o su ey and
p ocess- ype s udies;
• designa ion o moo ing ins umen a-
ion, and su ey and p ocess da a
equi emen s;
• u he de elopmen o goals o an
in e na ional pan-a c ic mee ing o
be held 7–9 No embe 2000 nea
A lan a, Geo gia;
• de elopmen o a ield plan including
in ense seasonal ield sampling in 2002
and 2004, and mo e limi ed seasonal
sampling in 2003 and 2005 on selec
ansec s; and
• ecommenda ions o he SBI Phase II
Announcemen o Oppo uni y.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he SBI web
si e (h p://u k-biogw.bio.u k.edu/sbi.ns ),
o con ac SBI co-chai s Jackie G ebmeie
a he SBI P ojec O ice in Knox ille, TN
(865/974-2592; ax 865/974-3067; jg eb
@u kux.u k.edu) and Te y Whi ledge in
Fai banks, AK (907/474-7229; ax 907/
474-5863; [email p o ec ed]).
Su ace Hea Budge o he A c ic Ocean
P og am (SHEBA)
Du ing he SHEBA Field Expe imen
in 1997–98, esea che s ga he ed a yea -
long da a se ha documen s key clima e-
o ming p ocesses in a column ex ending
om he uppe halocline in he A c ic
Ocean o he op o he a c ic a mosphe e
(see Wi ness Au umn 1998). A summa y o
ini ial da a and esul s om he Field
Expe imen was published in he 12 Oc o-
be 1999 issue o EOS (“Yea on Ice Gi es
Clima e Insigh s,” . 80, No. 41). SHEBA
da a se s a e a ailable on he web si e
main ained by he Join O ice o Science
Suppo (JOSS) (h p://www.joss.uca .
edu/cgi-bin/codiac/ds_p oj? SHEBA).
JOSS is coo dina ing he collec ion and
exchange o ield da a. The Na ional Snow
and Ice Da a Cen e (see Wi ness Au umn
1996) will con inue o a chi e SHEBA
da a as pa o ARCSS Da a Coo dina ion.
The Jou nal o Geophysical Resea ch—
Oceans will publish a special olume
emphasizing SHEBA s udies. Resea che s
a e encou aged o submi bo h obse a-
ional and heo e ical pape s. Fo mo e
in o ma ion, con ac Don Pe o ich in
Hano e , NH (603/646-4255; ax 603/
646-4644; [email p o ec ed]).
In Ap il 2000, SHEBA and he
Na ional A mosphe ic and Space Adminis-
a ion (NASA) held a join wo kshop in
Boulde , Colo ado on he A c ic Cloud
Expe imen conduc ed by he NASA FIRE
(Fi s ISCCP Regional Expe imen ) p o-
g am in collabo a ion wi h he SHEBA
Field Expe imen (see Wi ness Augus
1994). The wo kshop included:
• p esen a ion o esul s om SHEBA
Phase II,
• wo king g oup sessions on key p ocesses
ha a ec he hea budge and clima e
o he A c ic Ocean, and
• planning o in e disciplina y esea ch
du ing Phase III.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see h p://eosweb.
la c.nasa.go /ACEDOCS/wo kshop/.
The SHEBA P ojec is nea ing he end
o Phase II (1997–2000) and looks ahead
o i s hi d and inal phase (2000–02).
Phase III o SHEBA will ocus on model-
ing, syn hesis, and in eg a ion o SHEBA
da a se s o elucida e a c ic clima e eed-
backs and de elop imp o ed o mula ions
o a c ic p ocesses in global clima e
models (see h p://www.ns .go /cgi-bin/
ge pub?ns 0019). Phase III p ojec s
a e unde way in Summe 2000.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he SHEBA
web si e (h p://sheba.apl.washing on.
edu), o con ac Richa d Mo i z a he
SHEBA P ojec O ice in Sea le, WA
(206/543-8023; ax 206/543-3521;
[email p o ec ed]).
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou OAII,
see he OAII web si e (h p://a css-oaii.
hpl.umces.edu), o con ac Lou Codispo i
o Jane Hawkey a he Uni e si y o
Ma yland’s Ho n Poin Lab (410/221-
8479; ax 410/221-8390; codispo @hpl.
umces.edu, [email p o ec ed]).
5
ARCSS P og am
LAII P epa es o he 2000 Field Season
In Ma ch 2000, ATLAS esea che s Ma hew S u m, Jon Holmg en, Glen Lis on (abo e), and Ken Tape comple ed a
350-mile ansec ac oss he No h Slope o Alaska om I o uk o Ba ow, Alaska. Thei ield epo eads, in pa :
“The pu pose o he a e se was o es he hypo hesis ha he e a e egional pa e ns o snow cha ac e is ics, like dep h
and densi y, on he A c ic Slope, and ha hese pa e ns ake he o m o b oad eas -wes bands con olled by he
opog aphy. We also wan ed o es whe he he pa e ns o snow dis ibu ion we had obse ed in ou Kupa uk Basin
a e ses (1994–1997) could be applied u he o he wes . P elimina y examina ion o he da a... sugges s ha he
Kupa uk pa e ns a e epea ed in ema kable de ail in he wes , and ha hese pa e ns a e indeed con olled by he
in e ac ion o s o ms wi h he egional geog aphy. This is good news, because i means ha ex apola ion o ou snow
esul s ac oss he en i e A c ic Slope is possible” (pho o by Ma hew S u m).
The ARCSS Land-A mosphe e-Ice
In e ac ions (LAII) P og am, ini ia ed
in 1991, cu en ly unds s udies in wo
p incipal hema ic a eas:
•A c ic T ansi ions in he Land-
A mosphe e Sys em (ATLAS) is a
coo dina ed p og am o examine he
geog aphical pa e ns and con ols o e
clima e-land su ace exchange, and o
de elop scena ios o u u e change in
he A c ic (see Wi ness Au umn 1998).
Ele en p ojec s we e unded in 1998–99;
eigh a e conduc ing ieldwo k in 2000.
•The In e na ional Tund a Expe imen
(ITEX). ITEX is a collabo a ion among
in es iga o s om nine coun ies o
examine he e ec s o inc eased summe
empe a u e on und a ege a ion (see
Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999). ITEX
esea che s in No h Ame ica ha e
in eg a ed hei esea ch p ojec s in o
a collabo a i e p og am known as he
No h Ame ican Tund a Expe imen
(NATEX), which now includes
in es iga o s om he Uni ed S a es
and Canada. Fi e NATEX p ojec s
a e conduc ing ieldwo k in 2000.
In addi ion o hese hema ic esea ch p o-
g ams, se e al esea ch p ojec s a e unded o
in es iga e a ange o opics pe inen o
LAII goals, including:
• he ole o clima e ac o s on ca bon and
nu ien up ake by und a oo sys ems;
• ca bon s o age and he his o y o pea
o ma ion in d ained haw-lake basins;
• compa ison o ac o s con olling
ca bon lux om acidic s. non-acidic
ypes o und a;
• impac s o an h opogenic dis u bance
on und a land-co e ; and
• ac o s in luencing pe ma os
condi ions and spa ial a iabili y.
ITEX Plans
ITEX con inues o expand in No h
Ame ica as well as in he Eu opean Union
and Russia, al hough he h ee egions
ha e e y di e en wo king condi ions,
poli ical cons ain s, and po en ial unding
oppo uni ies. ITEX will hold i s 10 h
annual wo kshop F om Decade o Millen-
nium in Sweden, 22–25 Sep embe 2000
(see page 27) and a syn hesis wo kshop
in ea ly 2001 o analyze ITEX da a on
changes in communi y composi ion.
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he 2001
mee ing, con ac Ma ilyn Walke in Fai -
banks, AK (907/474-2424; ax 907/474-
6251; [email p o ec ed]). Fo mo e
in o ma ion abou ITEX, con ac ITEX
Chai Philip Wookey in Uppsala, Sweden
(+46/18471-2521; ax +46/1855-5920;
[email p o ec ed]) o
Gab ielle S ockmann a he Sec e a ia in
Copenhagen, Denma k (+45/3288-0118;
ax +45/3288-0101; [email p o ec ed]).
LAII Science Wo kshop
The annual LAII Science Wo kshop
con ened in Sea le, Washing on in Feb-
ua y 2000 wi h 100 esea che s, g adua e
s uden s, NSF manage s, logis ics p o id-
e s, and da a-managemen pe sonnel in
a endance. Pa icipan s:
• communica ed esea ch esul s;
• discussed u u e syn hesis ac i i ies;
• planned o add ess he NSF Biocom-
plexi y in he En i onmen ini ia i e
(see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999);
• me wi h pe sonnel om VECO Pola
Resou ces, he new a c ic logis ics
con ac o , o plan he 2000 ield season;
• in e ac ed wi h a new da a-managemen
eam including Rudy Dich l, he new
ARCSS Da a Manage a he Na ional
Snow and Ice Da a Cen e (NSIDC);
and Jim Moo e, Dick Di ks, and G eg
S ossmeis e om he Join O ice o
Science Suppo (JOSS) a he Uni e -
si y Cen e o A mosphe ic Resea ch.
JOSS suppo s he ongoing da a-collec-
ion and da a-exchange e o s o
ATLAS, while NSIDC is esponsible o
da a a chi ing and long- e m access.
The LAII Science S ee ing Commi ee
has ou new membe s: B ad G i i h
(Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks), Ga y
Ko inas (Da mou h College), And ea
Lloyd (Middlebu y College), and Gus
Sha e (Ma ine Biological Labo a o y).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he LAII
web si e (h p://www.laii.ua .edu/), o
con ac Pa icia A. Ande son a he LAII
Science Managemen O ice in Fai banks,
AK (907/474-5415; ax 907/474-6722;
[email p o ec ed]).

6
PARCS P ojec s Facili a e Syn hesis and Da ing
RAISE Sponso s A c ic Coas al Dynamics Wo kshop
ARCSS P og am
An unde s anding o he pas beha io
o he Ea h’s clima e sys em is essen-
ial o unde s anding p esen and possible
u u e condi ions. Fo his eason, in
1999, NSF consolida ed suppo o such
esea ch in he Paleoen i onmen al A c ic
Sciences (PARCS) ini ia i e wi hin he
Ea h Sys ems His o y (ESH) P og am
(see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999).
The PARCS S ee ing Commi ee (SC)
me o he i s ime in Oc obe 1999.
I s goal is o suppo he b oad-based U.S.
a c ic paleoen i onmen al communi y by:
• p o iding da a-managemen se ices,
• acili a ing scien i ic ac i i ies h ough
he unding o small wo kshops;
• p o iding access o Accele a o Mass
Spec ome y (AMS) adioca bon p epa-
a ion and da ing se ices; and
• de eloping u u e esea ch p io i ies ia
science mee ings.
PARCS esea ch includes a b oad ange
o Qua e na y paleoen i onmen al p o-
jec s in he A c ic and suba c ic, including
s udies o mode n p ocesses and calib a-
ions ha a e paleoen i onmen ally o i-
en ed. The 1999 PARCS documen , The
A c ic Paleosciences in he Con ex o Global
Change Resea ch, desc ibes cu en
esea ch di ec ions. PARCS esea ch is
unded o co- unded by ESH, ARCSS,
and he A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am
(see page 11). The SC in ends, howe e ,
o se e a c ic paleoen i onmen al
esea che s in he U.S. communi y and
hei in e na ional collabo a o s,
ega dless o hei sou ce o unding.
PARCS is commi ed o p omo ing
syn hesis o a c ic p oxy da a and da a-
model compa isons (e.g., BIOME 6000,
Ci cum-A c ic PaleoEn i onmen s [CAPE]
and i s Paleoen i onmen al A las, he
Paleoclima e Modeling In e compa ison
P ojec , he PARCS da abase). PARCS
esea che s a e obliga ed o a chi e hei
da a wi h he PARCS da abase; o he
esea che s can also do so and bene i
om da a a chi es s o ed he e. The da a
manage (Ma Du all, Uni e si y o
Washing on) is a ailable o assis wi h:
• a chi ing da a se s; and
• c ea ing syn he ic and alue-added da a
se s o use in modeling, da a-model
compa isons, and o he esea ch.
PARCS- unded p ojec s ha e access,
h ough ESH, o he AMS- adioca bon
p epa a ion acili y a he Uni e si y o
Colo ado and o he leading AMS-da ing
labo a o ies; hese ea u es educe u n-
a ound ime and cos s o PARCS in es i-
ga o s. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac
Sco Lehman (303/492-8980; ax 303/
492-6388; [email p o ec ed]).
In June 2000, PARCS esea che s
a ended a CAPE mee ing in Iceland on
unde s anding he ole o a c ic sea ice in
he a c ic and global clima e sys ems.
Fo mo e in o ma on, see he PARCS
web si e (h p://www.ngdc.noaa.go /paleo/
pa cs/index.h ml), o con ac SC co-chai s
Ma y Edwa ds in T ondheim, No way
(+47/7359-1915; ax +47/7359-1878;
[email p o ec ed]) and Mike
Re elle in Lewis on, ME (207/786-6155;
ax 207/786-8334; [email p o ec ed]).
In No embe 1999, a p ojec unded by
he Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on
Shel -Land En i onmen s (RAISE)
b ough 45 pa icipan s om Canada,
Ge many, Russia, and he U.S. o Woods
Hole, Massachuse s o a wo kshop on
A c ic Coas al Dynamics (ACD).
The RAISE p og am was ini ia ed in
1995 o acili a e collabo a i e esea ch
be ween Russian and Ame ican scien is s
on p ocesses and e en s in e es ial, shel ,
and ocean en i onmen s in no he n
Eu asia (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn
1999). The ACD wo kshop con ened
unde he auspices o he In e na ional
Pe ma os Associa ion’s (IPA) Coas al
and O sho e Pe ma os Wo king G oup.
The 200,000-km coas al ma gin o
he A c ic Ocean is he dynamic in e ace
be ween pe ma os - ich e es ial eco-
sys ems and shallow con inen al shel es,
which comp ise 30% o he a ea o he
A c ic Ocean and app oxima ely 20% o
he wo ld’s con inen al shel a ea. These
highly a iable coas lines a e key compo-
nen s o he a c ic sys em and si es o
mos human ac i i y ha occu s a high
la i udes. Li le is known, howe e , abou
sedimen sou ces and anspo a es along
he a c ic coas line, such as ela i e amoun s
o sedimen de i ed om coas al e osion
s. i e discha ge. Such da a a e necessa y
o in e p e ing geological his o y and p e-
dic ing he esponse o a c ic coas s and
shel es o changes in clima e and sea le el.
While local and egional s udies ha e
p o ided insigh in o high-la i ude sedi-
men budge s, no a emp s ha e been
made o syn hesize and expand in es iga-
ions o encompass he A c ic. As a i s
s ep, esea che s me o de elop in e na-
ional s anda ds o mapping and
measu ing high-la i ude coas s and
hei dynamics. Pa icipan s:
• de eloped a classi ica ion sys em o
high-la i ude coas s based on mo phol-
ogy and ma e ials, and iden i ied
speci ic egions o p o o ype mapping;
• enume a ed he p ima y o cing pa am-
e e s o coas al change in he A c ic;
• ag eed upon me hods o es ima ing
and mapping olumes o g ound-ice;
• p oposed ools and echniques o
long- e m moni o ing, including di ec
in ol emen o local communi ies.
P og ess om he ACD wo kshop was
p esen ed a he Lap e Sea con e ence in
Russia in No embe 1999, he AGU Fall
1999 Mee ing in he U.S., and he In e na-
ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC)
mee ing in Ap il 2000 (see page 20).
The ACD P og am has been accep ed
as an o icial IASC-IPA ac i i y. IASC will
und an in i ed wo kshop in Fall 2000 o
de elop a science and implemen a ion
plan. Fo mo e in o ma ion on he ACD
P og am, see he ACD web si e (h p://www.
awi-po sdam.de/www-po /geo/acd.h ml).
Fo mo e in o ma ion on RAISE, con-
ac Vladimi Romano sky in Fai banks,
AK (907/474-7459; ax 907/474-7290;
[email p o ec ed]).
7
ARCSS P og am
Wo kshop on Whaling Compa es Pas wi h P esen
James Sa elle (McGill Uni e si y) measu es a bowhead whale skull a he Pingasug uk si e, no h o Wainw igh ,
Alaska; he mo phome ic measu es indica e ha Eskimo whale s p e e en ially a ge ed ju enile whales when hun ing
(pho o by Allen McCa ney).
T adi ionally, whale hun ing has been
a majo subsis ence ac i i y o coas al
Na i e socie ies o he Wes e n A c ic, and
i emains a p ima y ocus oday along he
coas s o Alaska and Chuko ka. Na i es o
his egion ha e sys ema ically used baleen
whales (p incipally bowheads and g ays)
o a leas he pas millennium and p ob-
ably much o he p eceding millennium.
In Ma ch 2000, he ARCSS and A c ic
Social Sciences p og ams join ly sponso ed
a wo kshop in Ancho age, Alaska on
Na i e Whaling in he Wes e n A c ic:
De elopmen , Sp ead, and Responses o
Changing En i onmen s. Twen y social and
na u al scien is s om Canada, England,
Russia, Swi ze land, and he Uni ed S a es,
as well as ep esen a i es om he Na i e
communi ies o Ba ow, Gambell, Li le
Diomede, Poin Hope, and Wales, dis-
cussed p ehis o ic and his o ic whaling
and esponses o en i onmen al change.
Nume ous pa icipan s s essed he im-
po ance o in eg a ing adi ional knowl-
edge wi h scien i ic da a du ing wo kshop
sessions ocused on:
• En i onmen al Change and Whaling
o e he Pas Two Millennia,
• Bowhead Whales and hei P eda ion,
• P ehis o ic and His o ic Whale
Hun ing, and
• Con empo a y Whaling Pa e ns.
Discussions o en i onmen al change
and whaling co e ed ecen ends in a mo-
sphe ic ci cula ion and associa ed impli-
ca ions o sea-ice ex en and empe a u e
anomalies (see pages 1 and 3) o immedia e
conce n o con empo a y Eskimo whale s
acing en i onmen al unce ain y and
changes. In he longe e m, a e ospec-
i e compa ison o he 2000-yea eco d
o Be ing Sea s o ms wi h he his o y o
Eskimo cul u es shows ha pe iods o
inc eased s o miness ha e co esponded
wi h expansion o whaling ac i i y a si es
along he Alaskan coas and pe haps also
wi h he ise o majo Eskimo cul u es.
Th ee impo an and in e ela ed pe -
spec i es unde lie a de eloping unde -
s anding o he na u e o bowhead whales,
hei p eda ion, and he consequen e olu-
ion o Na i e whaling socie ies:
• he in luence o en i onmen al condi-
ions on access o whales (e.g., wind
speed and di ec ion, as -ice pa e ns in
he sp ing);
• he a chaeological eco d (e.g., whale
biology, a i ac echnologies); and
• he Na i e whale s hemsel es. Con em-
po a y whale s om Diomede and
Wales discussed issues o en i onmen al
change and ma ine pollu ion ela ed o
esou ce ex ac ion and ou ism.
Sessions on p ehis o ic whaling pa -
e ns ocused on whale s’ selec ion o spe-
cies and size cha ac e is ics o e ime on
bo h sides o he Be ing S ai . This his-
o y is ele an oday as mode n commu-
ni ies espond o quo as imposed by he
In e na ional Whaling Commission. Addi-
ionally, he p oximi y o Wales o Sibe ia
was shown o be pi o al in he a i al and
sp ead o whaling adi ions in Alaska.
Discussion o con empo a y whaling
ocused on se e al dimensions o adi-
ional whaling socie ies including:
• he shee su i al o he whaling
adi ion, exp essed in in e iews
wi h illage elde s om Gambell and
Li le Diomede;
• changes in communi y social o ganiza-
ion, e lec ed, o example, in changes
in he na u e o he qalgi (communi y
houses) in Iñupia communi ies; and
• changes in adi ional economic sys ems
ela ed o whaling on he no h coas
o Alaska.
Maggie Ahmaogak, Execu i e Di ec o o
he Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission
(AEWC), s essed he ole o he AEWC
in he p ese a ion o Na i e whaling in
he en communi ies ha i ep esen s.
Two impo an o e a ching issues
eme ged om he wo kshop:
• na u al scien is s should communica e
hei indings o Na i e communi ies in
ways ha aid he de elopmen o solu-
ions o local en i onmen al conce ns; and
• na u al and social scien is s should assis
he communi ies wi h ga he ing scien-
i ic and his o ic in o ma ion ela ed o
he de elopmen o Na i e whaling in
he wes e n Alaskan A c ic.
Acco ding o pa icipan s, hese wo
conce ns a e key o achie ing a mo e
comp ehensi e unde s anding o Na i e
Eskimo whaling socie ies and hei
esponses o en i onmen al changes.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac John
Dixon in Faye e ille, AR (501/575-5808;
ax 501/575-2642; [email p o ec ed].
edu), Allen McCa ney in Faye e ille, AR
(501/575-6374; ax 501/575-6595; apm@
comp.ua k.edu), o Roge Ha i in
Ancho age, AK (907/257-2704; ax 907/
257-2707; [email p o ec ed]).
8
A c ic Social Sciences P og am
The mul idisciplina y and in e discipli-
na y A c ic Social Sciences P og am
encompasses all social sciences esea ch
suppo ed by NSF.
A c ic socie ies ha e expe ienced
nume ous ans o ma ions and ansi ions
o e he millennia. The A c ic Social Sci-
ences P og am suppo s esea ch ha
documen s and analyzes he dynamic
cul u es, economies, and echnologies o
An In oduc ion o he A c ic Social Sciences P og am
Inui people ha e li ed in he a c ic
en i onmen o mo e han 1000 yea s,
obse ing and passing on knowledge abou
he egion’s clima e. To explo e he alue
o his in o ma ion in he con ex o a c ic
clima e change, he A c ic Social Sciences
P og am is unding wo k on Inui knowl-
edge o clima e and clima e change in
he eas e n Canadian A c ic.
The p incipal in es iga o s o his
mul i-yea p ojec a e Roge Ba y, Di ec-
o o he Na ional Snow and Ice Da a
Cen e , and geog aphy Ph.D. s uden
Sha i Fox o he Coope a i e Ins i u e o
Resea ch in En i onmen al Sciences, bo h
a he Uni e si y o Colo ado a Boulde .
Ba y b ings subs an ial knowledge o he
physical en i onmen and clima e in he
eas e n Canadian A c ic; Fox app oaches
he wo k wi h a backg ound in bo h
human and physical geog aphy, as well as
se e al yea s o wo king wi h Inui people.
Toge he , hey will documen Inui
clima e knowledge h ough in e iews,
pa icipan obse a ion, and con en
analysis o a chi ed o al his o ies.
Wea he is gene ally he p incipal
de e mining ac o o daily ac i i y o
he Inui ; o his eason, i is pe haps
he mos closely obse ed o all na u al
phenomena. Residen s o he A c ic ha e
de eloped an acu e awa eness o clima e
and wea he p ocesses, a iabili y, and
change. Clima e change and i s impac s
ha e become an u gen conce n o Inui
communi ies. Repo s om he 1996 Inui
Ci cumpola Con e ence1 and esea ch
by Fox documen Inui obse a ions o
en i onmen al changes including:
P ojec Documen s Inui Knowledge o Clima e Change
no he n popula ions. F om s udies o
ancien wo lds ( h ough a chaeology and
physical an h opology) o in es iga ions o
con empo a y and apidly shi ing a c ic
socie ies ( h ough sociology and poli ical
science), a c ic social scien is s compa e
how di e en communi ies shape and a e
shaped by hei en i onmen .
Cu en ly he A c ic Social Sciences
P og am suppo s abou 40 esea ch
p ojec s. Se e al no ewo hy p ojec s sup-
po ed by he A c ic Social Sciences P o-
g am a e highligh ed on his and he ol-
lowing wo pages.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic
Social Sciences P og am web si e (h p://
www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/social.h m) o
con ac P og am Manage Fae Ko smo in
A ling on, VA (703/292-8029; ax 703/
282-9082; [email p o ec ed]).
• changes in he iming o seasonal
cycles and seasonal cha ac e is ics,
• poo ege a ion g ow h,
• changes in ai empe a u e,
• changes in he iming o sea-ice
b eakup and eeze-up,
• mo e ain e en s in win e ,
• inc easing winds and s o m equency,
• changes in sea-ice dis ibu ion, and
• discolo a ion o sea ice.
Communi y inpu in o he design and
implemen a ion o he esea ch is an
impo an aspec o his p ojec . In Sp ing
and Summe 2000, p elimina y mee ings
and in e iews in he ou communi ies
pa icipa ing in he p ojec —Igloolik,
Iqalui , Bake Lake, and Clyde Ri e , all
in he e i o y o Nuna u in he eas e n
Canadian A c ic—a e helping o es ablish
local needs and objec i es o he esea ch.
Du ing se e al ex ended isi s in bo h
summe and win e , esea che s an icipa e:
• in e iewing Inui hun e s, Elde s,
and o he communi y membe s;
• spending ime wi h Inui a hun ing
camps and a eling on sea ice, which
will p o ide aluable oppo uni ies o
discuss wea he in con ex ;
• using pho og aphy and ideo o help
documen Inui unde s anding o
wea he phenomena and changes
h ough ime; and
• using maps, ae ial pho os, sa elli e
image y, and map o e lays as a basis o
discussion, and o documen obse ed
changes in sea-ice dis ibu ion and
cha ac e is ics, as well as snow co e .
Inui knowledge o empe a u e,
sea-ice dis ibu ion, and ex eme wea he
e en s can be c oss- e e enced and
calib a ed wi h eco ds om wea he
s a ions and sa elli es. Fo ins ance, Jacobs
e al. (1974)2 no ed ha ice condi ions
in 1972, an unusually cold yea , “we e
he wo s in li ing memo y o he Eskimo
[sic] popula ion o B ough on Island.”
Anomalous mild clima e e en s in he
ea ly 1950s also o e impo an oppo u-
ni ies o explo e he ex en o which Inui
clima e knowledge may be able o con i m
ins umen al clima e da a, and augmen
con empo a y unde s anding o hese
e en s and subsequen impac s. Fu he -
mo e, maps compiled by hun e s and
Elde s p e-da ing scien i ic obse a ions
may be able o ex end he sea-ice eco d.
This p ojec will con ibu e o a g ea e
unde s anding o how a c ic clima e has
changed h ough ime and a ec ed he
en i onmen . I will also p o ide a model
o coope a ion ha may be applicable in
in e ac ions wi h indigenous popula ions
h oughou he ci cuma c ic egion and
in wide esea ch opics.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Roge
Ba y in Boulde , CO (303/492-5488;
ax 303/492-2468; [email p o ec ed].
edu) o Sha i Fox (303/492-6115; ax
303/492-2468; [email p o ec ed].
edu).
Re e ences
1. Inui Ci cumpola Con e ence. 1996. The
silenced Inui s a emen . ECO Newsle e #7.
2. Jacobs, J.D., R.G. Ba y, R.S. B adley, and
R.L. Wea e . 1974. S udies o clima e and ice
condi ions in eas e n Ba in Island, 1971–73.
Occasional pape 9, Ins i u e o A c ic and
Alpine Resea ch, Uni e si y o Colo ado,
Boulde . 78 pp.
9
A c ic Social Sciences P og am
Gene ic Analysis In es iga es Aleu P ehis o y
The a chaeological eco d o he
Aleu ian Islands is ma ked by an
ab up ansi ion in he shapes o he ea ly
inhabi an s’ skulls. The ea lies people had
long, na ow c ania ypical o empe a e-
clima e popula ions. App oxima ely 1000
yea s ago, howe e , hese we e eplaced by
b oade , sho e , and ounde c ania mo e
ypical o con empo a y No h Ame ican
a c ic popula ions.
This ab up mo phological shi was
i s desc ibed by Ales H dlicka o he
Na ional Museum o Na u al His o y, a
pionee o Ame ican physical an h opol-
ogy. H dlicka a ibu ed his ansi ion o
a popula ion- eplacemen e en , while his
s uden William Laughlin a gued o
popula ion gene ic con inui y ac oss he
ansi ion o mo e ounded skulls.
Molecula echniques a e now being
used o dis inguish be ween hese hypo h-
eses. Dennis O’Rou ke and Geo ey
Hayes, an h opological gene icis s a he
Uni e si y o U ah, a e examining pa e ns
o gene ic a ia ion in emains ha we e
eco e ed by H dlicka and his s uden s in
he la e 1930s om he Chaluka midden
a Nikolski on Umnak Island, wo ca es
on Kagamil Island, and a hi d ca e on
Ship Rock Island. Pe mission o collec
and analyze hese ma e ials has been
g an ed by he Aleu Co po a ion, he
Aleu ian and P ibilo Islands Associa ion,
and he Chaluka Co po a ion. To da e,
O’Rou ke and Hayes ha e e ie ed mi o-
chond ial DNA (m DNA) samples om
emains o 35 indi iduals.
The mi ochond ial DNAs o Na i e
Ame icans sepa a e p ima ily in o ou
haplog oups, o lineages, de ined by a spe-
ci ic se o gene ic ma ke s in ou egions o
he m DNA. Al hough ini ial sample sizes
in he Aleu ian s udy a e small, O’Rou ke
and Hayes’ p elimina y compa isons
ound no subs an ial di e ences in
haplog oup equencies in p e- and pos -
ansi ion popula ions o be ween si es.
These ea ly esul s sugges ha he
mo phological ansi ion in skull shape
was no due o a popula ion eplacemen .
By he end o 2002, mo e han 150
p ehis o ic samples will ha e been
analyzed in ou ways:
• de e mina ion o haplog oup equencies;
• high- esolu ion sequencing o a highly
a iable segmen o he m DNA;
• di ec da ing by 14C accele a o mass
spec oscopy; and
• s able iso ope analyses o ca bon and
ni ogen o cha ac e ize he die s o he
indi iduals (see a icle his page).
This molecula analysis is unded by
he A c ic Social Sciences P og am as pa
o a la ge in es iga ion, in which Michael
C aw o d and Dixie Wes (Uni e si y o
Kansas) a e conduc ing gene ic analyses o
mode n Aleu communi ies and a chaeo-
logical emains om he egion, espec-
i ely (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Dennis
O’Rou ke and Geo ey Hayes in Sal
Lake Ci y, UT (801/581-6251; ax 801/
581-6252; [email p o ec ed],
[email p o ec ed]).
S able Iso opes Re eal Ea ly Die s
Some a chaeological e idence indica es
ha he Classic Thule who inhabi ed
he no hwes coas o Hudson Bay du ing
he la e pa o he Medie al Wa m
Pe iod (ca. AD 900–1350) ac i ely hun ed
bowhead whales (Balaena mys ice us) in
c ews o ou o eigh men om open sea
d i wood and seal-skin umiaks, a med
wi h lances and oggling ha poons—an
ex ao dina y en e p ise, gi en he size o
he whales. O he in es iga o s a gue ha
he Classic Thule sca enged, a he han
hun ed, he eno mous bowheads, which
we e seconda y o ca ibou and seal in
economic impo ance.
In ei he case, he Classic Thule who
used whales we e ollowed by Modi ied
Thule—de ined in pa by he appa en
absence o whaling—bu he iming o his
ansi ion is hus a poo ly de ined.
A chaeological e idence sugges s ha he
Medie al Wa m Pe iod eed sea lanes in he
cen al Canadian A chipelago om yea -
ound ice, opening ich eas e n eeding
g ounds o mig a ing bowheads. The sub-
sequen Neo-Bo eal cooling may ha e
es ic ed bowhead mig a ion ou es and led
o he end o open sea whaling by AD 1200.
Assessing he impo ance o whales in
Classic Thule die s on he basis o a i ac s
alone is p oblema ic. Assemblages o ani-
mal bone a Thule esiden ial si es a e
biased owa d easily anspo ed small
p ey. While bowhead skele al elemen s
o en comp ised he supe s uc u e o
win e houses, hei p e alence is no a
eliable e lec ion o p eda ion in ensi y o
he impo ance o whales in Thule die s.
The A c ic Social Sciences P og am has
unded esea ch o use s able and adio-
iso ope chemis y o human and aunal
skele al emains o examine he ole o
bowhead whales in eas e n a c ic die s.
Joan Col ain (Uni e si y o U ah) is
wo king closely wi h he Canadian Mus-
eum o Ci iliza ion and wi h he consen
o he Inui He i age T us and o he Fi s
Na ions g oups o examine emains o
humans and hei p ey om Kama ik,
Silimui , and Na i e Poin . Kama ik and
Silimui , on he no hwes sho e o Hudson
Bay, a e belie ed o ha e been occupied by
Classic Thule o age s. The Sadle mui
people o Na i e Poin , on he sou he n
coas o Sou hamp on Island, appea o
ha e elied p ima ily on inged seals.
S able iso ope analysis is ideally sui ed
o add ess issues o die in he eas e n
A c ic o he ollowing easons:
• s able ca bon iso ope a ios eco d he
ole o e es ial s. ma ine oods in
sampled die s, indica ing, o example,
he ela i e impo ance o ca ibou s.
ma ine esou ces; and
• s able ni ogen iso ope a ios in he
emains o a p eda o eco d whe he i
consumed he bi o es (e.g., bowhead
whales) o ca ni o es (e.g., seals).
Al hough wo k is no comple e, ini ial
esul s a e consis en wi h he a gumen
ha he Classic Thule ac i ely hun ed
bowhead whales.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Joan
Col ain in Sal Lake Ci y, UT (801/585-
6444; ax 801/581-6252; col ain@an h o.
u ah.edu).
16
(e.g., ield s a ions, ma ine labo a o ies,
long- e m ecological esea ch si es). The
a ay o obse a ional s a ions, comple-
men a y acili ies, and se ices ha can
be es ablished unde he auspices o one
obse a o y will be as impo an as he
dis ibu ion and in eg a ion o he
obse a o ies in he ne wo k as a whole.
Connec ions o ad anced compu a ional
acili ies and en i onmen al ne wo ks
main ained by o he ede al agencies will
be encou aged, as will liaisons wi h simila
ac i i ies ha a e being de eloped in
o he coun ies.
NSF has p oposed o launch each
obse a o y wi h $10 million and o
sus ain each wi h a $1.25 million annual
ope a ing budge o a leas 30 yea s,
depending upon he excellence o i s
se ice o he communi y and he quali y
o science enabled by ha se ice.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see h p://www.
a chbold-s a ion.o g/abs/neon/index.h ml,
o con ac Sco Collins a he NSF
Di ision o En i onmen al Biology in
A ling on, VA (703/306-1479; ax 703/
306-0367; [email p o ec ed]).
NSF News
NSF Plans In as uc u e o Suppo Biological Resea ch
Recognizing ha a signi ican in es -
men in in as uc u e is necessa y o
suppo s udies on ecological sys ems and
o in eg a e en i onmen al esea ch om
molecula o global scales, NSF is p epa -
ing o es ablish an in eg a ed ne wo k o
en majo en i onmen al obse a o ies
ac oss he coun y.
Indi idual obse a o ies wi hin he
planned Na ional Ecological Obse a o y
Ne wo k (NEON) will p o ide esou ces
o suppo esea ch a local and egional
scales. The ne wo k as a whole will sha e a
common in e disciplina y esea ch in a-
s uc u e, common p o ocols, and an
ad anced compu a ional ne wo k o sup-
po obse a ions, syn hesis, and analysis
a all scales. NEON is en isioned as a
na ional esea ch pla o m a ailable, bo h
physically and elec onically, o all scien-
is s wi h pe inen in e es s. I will
include a subs an ial educa ion and
ou each componen .
The ul ima e s uc u e o NEON will
be a unc ion o communi y inpu , NSF
goals, and unding cons ain s. In 1999
and ea ly 2000, NSF con ened h ee ad i-
so y wo kshops o ou line:
• gene al s uc u e and goals,
• in e disciplina y capabili ies and
concep ual b ead h o he ne wo k, and
• ins umen a ion and o he echnological
needs o he NEON obse a o ies.
Repo s om he second and hi d wo k-
shops a e a ailable a h p://www.sdsc.edu
/NEON. A ou h ad iso y wo kshop on
ne wo k managemen issues will con ene
la e in 2000.
NEON obse a o ies will be dis ib-
u ed ac oss he Uni ed S a es in unc ion-
ally impo an habi a s, a e habi a s,
ansi ion zones (eco ones), and along
majo en i onmen al g adien s. Such an
a ay is in ended o enhance he s udy
o hemes in en i onmen al biology o
na ional and in e na ional impo ance,
including he s uc u e and dynamics o
popula ions, communi ies, ecosys ems,
and landscapes; biodi e si y; global
change; and an h opogenic in luences.
NSF will selec NEON si es on he
basis o compe i i e p oposals om
conso ia o exis ing ecological and en i-
onmen al esea ch acili ies in a egion
In Ap il 2000, an in e na ional scien i ic
eam deployed a se o d i ing buoys
om he No h Pole o begin eco ding da a
o he i s long- e m en i onmen al
obse a o y in he A c ic Ocean. No camp
on he a c ic ice pack can be pe manen o
s a iona y, so he en i onmen al obse a-
o y a he No h Pole is designed o con-
sis o au oma ed ins umen s moo ed on
he ocean loo and on d i ing buoys
deployed om he Pole a egula in e als.
To suppo his long- e m p esence,
NSF has unded he No h Pole En i on-
men al Obse a o y p ojec o i e yea s
(see page 15). Jamie Mo ison (Uni e si y
o Washing on) is he p incipal in es iga-
o . Resea che s om O egon S a e Uni-
e si y, he Paci ic Ma ine En i onmen al
Labo a o y, he Japan Ma ine Science and
Technology Cen e , and Canada’s Me -
Ocean Co po a ion also a eled o he
Pole o launch he au oma ed ins umen s.
NSF Inaugu a es Au oma ed No h Pole Obse a o y
The buoys launched in Ap il 2000 a e
he i s se in a se ies ha will be launched
o e he cou se o se e al seasons. The
buoys a e expec ed o d i wi h he ice
pack om he Pole o he G eenland Sea
measu ing a mosphe ic p essu e, empe a-
u e, wind, sola adia ion, wa e empe a-
u e, salini y, ice empe a u e p o iles, and
ice hickness. Co e age will be enhanced
in subsequen yea s by ins umen s
ancho ed o he sea loo . The new U.S.
Coas Gua d Cu e Healy (see page 24)
also is expec ed o assis in deploying
buoys. The Japanese and Canadian g oups
a e con ibu ing in-kind suppo , includ-
ing ins umen a ion and some logis ics
assis ance, o he p ojec . Ul ima ely, NSF
in ends ha ins umen s deployed om
he No h Pole au oma ed obse a o y will
se e a b oad ange o sciences.
The long- e m scien i ic eco d a he
No h Pole will allow mo e comp ehensi e
moni o ing o he A c ic in o de o un-
de s and i s ole in he egula ion o global
clima e. Obse a ions ha e shown ha he
A c ic Ocean has, in ecen yea s, sus-
ained a apid hinning o sea ice (see Wi -
ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999) and shi s in
ocean ci cula ion (see Wi ness Au umn
1998). These changes appea o be ela ed
o a pa e n o change in he a mosphe ic
ci cula ion o he No he n Hemisphe e
(see page 3), which is oughly cen e ed a
he Pole. E en wi h he use o subma ines
(see Wi ness Sp ing 1998) and iceb eake s
(see Wi ness Au umn 1998), i has p o en
di icul o ob ain long- e m measu e-
men s o empe a u e and o he a iables
a he Pole.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he p ojec ’s
web si e (h p://psc.apl.washing on.edu/
no hpole), o con ac Jamie Mo ison in
Sea le, WA (206/543-1394; ax 206/616-
3142; [email p o ec ed]).

17
Capi ol Upda es
Houses App o es Small Inc eases o NSF Budge
This a icle has been abs ac ed om in o -
ma ion on he FY 2001 ede al app op ia-
ions p ocess de eloped by he Ame ican
Associa ion o he Ad ancemen o Science
(AAAS) O ice o Science and Policy P o-
g ams and he Ame ican Ins i u e o Physics
(AIP) O ice o Science Policy.
When in oducing his FY 2001
budge eques in Feb ua y, P esi-
den Clin on made NSF he cen e piece
o his Resea ch and De elopmen (R&D)
budge , which placed a s ong emphasis
on achie ing a be e balance among sci-
ence and enginee ing disciplines. Because
NSF is he only R&D unding agency
esponsible o he en i e ange o science
and enginee ing disciplines, wi h a pa -
icula emphasis on undamen al esea ch
and non-li e sciences disciplines, he bud-
ge eques singled ou NSF o an unp e-
ceden ed $675 million o 17.3% inc ease
in i s o al budge o $4.6 billion. The
eques ed inc ease was sp ead ac oss he
b ead h o NSF's esea ch po olio, wi h
special a en ion o he agency's leading
ole in se e al mul i-agency ini ia i es.
Cong ess has chosen o alloca e $17
billion less han he P esiden o disc e-
iona y spending in he ede al budge
while inc easing de ense spending mo e,
limi ing Cong essional budge s o domes-
ic p og ams such as NSF. On 21 June,
he House o Rep esen a i es app o ed an
FY 2001 VA-HUD app op ia ions bill
(HR 4635) ha would p o ide mos ly
le el unding o R&D p og ams in he
ede al independen agencies, including
NSF, ha a e co e ed by he bill.
The House would p o ide a o al NSF
budge o $4.0 billion, $526 million less
han he P esiden ’s eques , bu s ill $149
million o 3.8% mo e han FY 2000.
Resea ch and Rela ed Ac i i ies (R&RA)
would o al $3.1 billion, up 5.4% o e FY
2000, bu well below he eques ed 19.7%
inc ease. The ull House app o ed HR
4635 a e making se e al amendmen s,
including one ha educed he budge o
he O ice o Pola P og ams o $264.5
million, an $18 million cu om he bud-
ge p oposed by he House App op ia-
ions Commi ee.
Al hough he app op ia ion is less han
he Adminis a ion’s eques , he House
bill gene ally ollows NSF’s s a ed p io i-
ies on dis ibu ion o he unds among he
esea ch di ec o a es. The Compu e and
In o ma ion Science and Enginee ing
di ec o a e would ecei e $439 million, an
inc ease o 13.1%. The Biological Sciences
di ec o a e would ecei e $450 million, an
inc ease o 8.6%, while p og ams in he
ma hema ical and physical sciences, engi-
nee ing, ea h sciences, and social sciences
would ecei e inc eases be ween 6 and 8%.
The only p og am wi hin R&RA o
decline om FY 2000 le els would be In e-
g a i e Ac i i ies, which would all 32.5%
om $129 million o $87 million. The
Majo Resea ch Equipmen accoun ,
which unds cons uc ion o la ge-scale sci-
en i ic acili ies, would ecei e $77 million,
a less han he $139 million eques . The
House bill includes ull unding o $13.5
million o con inued cons uc ion o he
new Sou h Pole S a ion, bu would sa e
money by wi hholding unding o he
eques ed new s a o he Na ional Eco-
logical Obse a o y Ne wo k (see page 16).
NSF’s Educa ion and Human
Resou ces p og ams would ecei e $694
million, sligh ly below FY 2000 le els and
GPS Becomes Ten Times Mo e Accu a e
In May 2000, he U.S. mili a y s opped sc ambling signals om he 24 Global
Posi ioning Sys em (GPS) sa elli es, allowing ci ilian use s o access he wo ld-
wide na iga ional sys em accu a ely wi hou eso ing o expensi e echniques o
co ec he signal.
The p e ious delibe a e deg ada ion o he signals in he in e es o na ional
secu i y had limi ed he esolu ion o he sys em o app oxima ely 100 me e s,
which is no accu a e enough o mos scien i ic pu poses. Mo e p ecise GPS ead-
ings o use s no clea ed by he Depa men o De ense equi ed ins alla ion o
ixed and o ing ecei e s, labo -in ensi e a e aging o eadings o e ime, o bo h.
The decision no o sc amble he GPS signals will inc ease he esolu ion o he
ci ilian sys em o app oxima ely 9 me e s. The imp o ed esolu ion is likely o be
o subs an ial bene i o membe s o he a c ic esea ch communi y. Access
o accu a e GPS in o ma ion and inexpensi e ecei e s is expec ed o simpli y many
aspec s o da a collec ion in he ield, imp o e pe sonnel sa e y a emo e loca ions,
and s eamline he inc easingly widesp ead use o Geog aphic In o ma ion Sys ems
(GIS) o collec and manage da a.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he In e agency GPS Execu i e Boa d web si e
(h p://www.igeb.go ).
well below he $729 million eques .
Al hough he House would p o ide he
ull eques ed amoun s o Educa ional
Sys em Re o m, he Expe imen al P o-
g am o S imula e Compe i i e Resea ch
(EPSCoR), and o he EHR p og ams, he
bill educed he unding o Unde g adu-
a e Educa ion and G adua e Educa ion.
As o p ess ime, he Sena e had no
ye d a ed i s e sion o he VA-HUD
app op ia ions bill. This p ocess began
wi h a hea ing be o e he Sena e Commi -
ee on Heal h, Educa ion, Labo , and Pen-
sions, chai ed by James Je o ds (R-VT),
on 12 July.
Be o e he app op ia ions p ocess is
o e , inal unding le els o VA-HUD bill
p og ams a e expec ed o be highe han
le els p oposed by he House. Al hough i
is p obable ha addi ional unds will be
ound o NSF p og ams, especially i he
Sena e VA-HUD bill p oposes highe
unding le els, i appea s unlikely ha
Cong ess will ag ee o he P esiden ’s ull
eques ed inc eases.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he AAAS
web si e (h p://www.aaas.o g/spp/R&D),
he AIP web si e (h p://www.aip.o g/go ),
o he U.S. Cong ess web si e (h p://
homas.loc.go ).
18
A c ic Policy
A c ic Council Mee s in Alaska o Re iew P og ess
Senio o icials om he eigh a c ic
na ions, ep esen a i es om ou a c-
ic indigenous o ganiza ions, and acc ed-
i ed obse e s con ened in Fai banks,
Alaska in Ap il 2000 o he biannual A c-
ic Council Senio A c ic O icials (SAO)
Mee ing. Mo e han 150 delega es ac i ely
discussed and deba ed coope a i e mea-
su es o p omo e en i onmen al p o ec ion
and sus ainable de elopmen in he a c ic
egion. Chie Da id Salmon, Second
T adi ional Chie o In e io Alaska
A habascans om he Gwich’in illage o
Chalkyi sik, opened he mee ing, u ging
delega es o wo k oge he wi h indigenous
people o he A c ic o add ess h ea s o
he a c ic en i onmen .
The A c ic Council is a high-le el
in e go e nmen al o um es ablished in
1996. The eigh a c ic na ions a e Canada,
Denma k/G eenland, Finland, Iceland,
No way, Russia, Sweden, and he U.S.
The ou a c ic indigenous o ganiza ions
ha ha e Pe manen Pa icipan s (PP) s a-
us a e he Aleu In e na ional Associa ion,
he Inui Ci cumpola Con e ence, he
Russian Associa ion o Indigenous Peoples
o he No h, and he Saami Council.
The Gwich’in T ibal Council has applied
o become he i h PP o he Council.
Chai s om each o he Council’s
wo king g oups epo ed on p og ess hey
ha e made on asks assigned a he A c ic
Council Minis e ial Mee ing held in
Iqalui , Canada in Sep embe 1998.
En i onmen al P o ec ion
Fou o he Council’s i e wo king
g oups add ess en i onmen al issues such
as con aminan s, conse a ion o li ing
esou ces, p e en ion o ma ine pollu ion,
and en i onmen al eme gencies. Delega es
e iewed op ions o o ganizing and
implemen ing an ac ion plan o elimina e
pollu ion o he A c ic. The A c ic Coun-
cil Ac ion Plan (ACAP) is a key ini ia i e
ha will ou line possible na ional,
egional, and global ac ions o educe
emissions and clean up con aminan s (e.g.,
hea y me als, pe sis en o ganic pollu an s,
adioac i i y, chemicals ha deple e he
ozone laye ). The ACAP Wo king G oup,
chai ed by Pe Dø le, Depu y Di ec o o
he No wegian Pollu ion Con ol Au ho -
i y, me in la e June 2000 in Oslo, No way
o u he discuss implemen a ion. The
Senio O icials a e inqui ing whe he hei
espec i e go e nmen s a e in e es ed in
leading any one o 11 possible ACAP
p ojec s ha he Council has endo sed.
Delega es hea d a p og ess epo on he
A c ic Clima e Impac Assessmen (ACIA),
including a eques ha Council membe s
nomina e expe s om hei coun ies o
se e as au ho s o he p ojec , which aims
o examine comp ehensi ely he e ec s o
global clima e change and inc eased ul a-
iole adia ion on he a c ic egion and
i s inhabi an s (see page 21).
Rep esen a i es o he Council’s A c ic
Moni o ing and Assessmen P og am
(AMAP) and he U.S. En i onmen al P o-
ec ion Agency epo ed on he Council’s
mul ila e al p og am o iden i y and
emedia e PCB-con amina ed si es in he
Russian Fede a ion. A he end o June
2000, he Council expec s o ecei e esul s
om Phase I o he p ojec , which is iden i-
ying con amina ed si es. The Uni ed
S a es has o e ed o und a sizeable pa
o Phase II, which will assess he easibili y
o emedia ing con amina ed si es and
e i ing acili ies ha p oduce PCBs. I
app o ed by he Council in Oc obe 2000,
Phase II could be comple e by he nex
Senio A c ic O icials mee ing in Fall
2002. Phase III is in ended o be a pilo
p ojec o e i a p oduc ion acili y.
Sus ainable De elopmen
The A c ic Council’s Sus ainable
De elopmen Wo king G oup (SDWG)
hea d p og ess epo s on ini ia i es o:
• imp o e he heal h and well-being o a c ic
child en and you h (led by Canada),
• assess p ospec s o ci cumpola applica-
ions o elemedicine (led by he U.S.),
• manage egional ishe ies (led by he
Saami Council), and
• p omo e cul u al- and eco- ou ism in he
A c ic (led by he U.S. and S a e o
Alaska).
The SDWG also hea d p esen a ions on
heal h and social wel a e issues such as:
• eme ging in ec ious diseases,
• he heal h and en i onmen o a c ic
indigenous people, and
• a su ey o li ing condi ions in he A c ic.
Canada in oduced an ini ia i e on
capaci y building which i p oposed
should be an o ganizing heme o he
wo k o he Council. Quo ing om a
Uni ed Na ions De elopmen P og am
epo , Canada desc ibed capaci y build-
ing as “ he sum o e o s needed o nu -
u e, enhance, and u ilize he skills and
capabili ies o people and ins i u ions a
all le els—na ional, egional, and in e na-
ional—so hey can be e p og ess
owa d sus ainable de elopmen .”
No way epo ed on p ojec s di ec ly
ela ed o sus ainable de elopmen and o
in e es o he Council, including he ea-
sibili y o opening a No he n Sea Rou e
and in e na ional wo kshops i had
ecen ly held add essing eindee he ding
and husband y, he use and conse a ion
o li ing a c ic ma ine esou ces, and p o-
duc ion o oil and gas in he A c ic.
Public Awa eness, Educa ion, and
Ou each
Delega es we e upda ed on de elop-
men s o es ablish a ci cumpola Uni e -
si y o he A c ic (see Wi ness Sp ing/
Au umn 1999). They also discussed a
Canadian ini ia i e o b ing an a c ic
oice o he in e na ional ga he ing ha
will ma k he 10 h anni e sa y o he
1992 Rio de Janei o Con e ence on
he En i onmen .
The A c ic Council exe cised i s
In e ne capabili ies by b oadcas ing a li e
panel discussion on Con aminan s and
Human Heal h. Public ele ision and
adio also ai ed he aped discussion, and
copies will be a ailable o download om
he In e ne . Delega es we e b ie ed on
he A c ic Council web si e, he A c ic
En i onmen al Da a Di ec o y, and a
possible A c ic Council magazine.
The nex SAO and Minis e ial Mee -
ings will ake place on 10–13 Oc obe
2000 in Ba ow, Alaska. Finland has o e ed
o chai he Council when he U.S. chai -
manship expi es in Oc obe 2000.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic
Council web si e (h p://a c ic-council.
usgs.go ), o con ac T acy Hall a he
A c ic Council Sec e a ia in Washing on,
DC (202/647-4972; ax 202/647-1106;
[email p o ec ed]).
19
P esiden Names Th ee Membe s o he USARC
U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission
Pola Resea ch Boa d
The Pola Resea ch Boa d (PRB) has
ou new s udies unde way. Fi s ,
he PRB is e iewing NASA’s s a egy o
p o iding de i ed, geophysical da a se s
(e.g., Pola Pa h inde ) o he pola science
communi y. The s udy’s goals a e o:
• summa ize he s a egy, scope, and qual-
i y o NASA’s pola geophysical da a;
• sugges ways o make hese and u u e
da a se s mo e use ul o esea che s; and
• conside how well he p oduc s a e
eaching he app op ia e communi ies.
The commi ee is chai ed by John Walsh
(Uni e si y o Illinois). I is expec ed o
comple e i s wo k by Decembe 2000.
A he eques o he Exxon Valdez Oil
Spill T us ee Council, he PRB is o ming
a commi ee o p o ide independen scien-
i ic guidance abou a comp ehensi e plan
o a long- e m, in e disciplina y esea ch
and moni o ing p og am in he no he n
Gul o Alaska. The commi ee will:
• e iew esea ch and moni o ing ac i i-
ies in he egion since he oil spill;
• con ene one o mo e in o ma ion-
ga he ing mee ings in Alaska whe e
esea che s and he public can con ey
hei pe spec i es on wha he esea ch
Pola Resea ch Boa d Begins Fou New S udies
and moni o ing plan should accomplish;
• e iew he gene al s a egy p oposed
in he d a Science P og am (which
includes in o ma ion on he social and
poli ical con ex , mission, app oach, and
scien i ic backg ound); and ul ima ely,
• e iew he d a Resea ch and Moni o -
ing Plan, including he scope, s uc u e,
and quali y o he p oposed app oach.
The commi ee will also add ess b oade
issues ela ed o o e all e ec i eness o he
T us ee Council’s p og am and plan o
guiding con inued e o s o unde s and
biological change in he Gul o Alaska.
A hi d s udy will explo e he science
and policy implica ions o ab up clima e
change, as dis inc om g adual global
wa ming. Clea guidance is lacking o s ee
he my iad cu en esea ch e o s pe ain-
ing o ab up change and o be e blend
science and policy needs. This s udy will:
• desc ibe wha is known abou ab up
clima e change om paleoclima e p ox-
ies, his o ical obse a ions, and nume i-
cal modeling (e.g., pa e ns and magni-
udes o possible changes, mechanisms,
o cing h esholds, p obabili ies); and
• explo e he c i ical knowledge gaps
conce ning he po en ial o ab up
clima e changes, including hose aspec s
o change ha a e o g ea es po en ial
impo ance o socie y and economies.
Based on his in o ma ion, he commi ee
will ou line a esea ch s a egy o ill he
c i ical knowledge gaps. The s udy will be
chai ed by PRB membe Richa d Alley
(Pennsyl ania S a e Uni e si y).
The PRB will soon begin wo k on a
ou h s udy, eques ed by Cong ess, o
unde s and he cumula i e en i onmen al
impac s o oil and gas explo a ion, de el-
opmen , and p oduc ion on Alaska’s
No h Slope. This wo-yea e o will:
• e iew exis ing in o ma ion;
• assess known and p obable
cumula i e impac s; and
• a emp o desc ibe possible
cumula i e e ec s.
Nomina ions o he commi ee closed
15 May 2000.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he PRB
web si e (h p://na ional-academies.o g/
p b), o con ac PRB Execu i e Di ec o
Ch is El ing in Washing on, DC (202/
334-3479; ax 202/334-1477;
cel ing@nas. edu).
In Janua y 2000, P esiden Clin on
eappoin ed Geo ge New on as Chai
o he U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission
(USARC). New on, who has been a
membe o he Commission since 1989
and Chai since 1996, is ecognized o
concei ing and nego ia ing he es ablish-
men o he Science Ice Expedi ion
(SCICEX) p og am (see Wi ness Sp ing/
Au umn 1999). He is Di ec o o Resea ch
and E alua ion a Managemen Suppo
Technology, Inc. in Fai ax, Vi ginia.
The P esiden also has appoin ed
Jackie G ebmeie and Jim Llewellyn o he
Commission. G ebmeie is a specialis in
pola biological oceanog aphy a he Uni-
e si y o Tennessee in Knox ille. She has
se ed on ad iso y commi ees o he Na-
ional Resea ch Council, Na ional Acad-
emy o Sciences, and NSF. She is cu en ly
a p ojec co-leade o join Russian-U.S.
ecosys em s udies in he Be ing and
Chukchi seas (see page 4).
Llewellyn is an a o ney wi h BellSou h
Co po a ion p ac icing egula o y law. He
has se ed as Chie Counsel in he O ice
o o me Sena o Sam Nunn (D-GA) and
as Senio Assis an A o ney Gene al o
he S a e o Geo gia.
O he Commission membe s a e:
Richa d Glenn (Depa men o Ene gy
Managemen , No h Slope Bo ough, Ba -
ow, AK), John Hobbie (Ma ine Biologi-
cal Labo a o y, Woods Hole, MA), Wal e
Pa ke (Pa ke Associa es, Ancho age,
AK), and Jack Rode ick (Ancho age, AK).
The nex edi ion o he Commission’s
Repo on Goals and Objec i es o A c ic
Resea ch is being p epa ed du ing Sp ing
and Summe 2000 o publica ion in
Janua y 2001. Inpu om he a c ic
esea ch communi y is welcomed. The
1999 Repo can be ound on he
USARC web si e.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he
USARC web si e (h p://www.uaa.alaska.
edu/en i/a c_web/a chome.h m), o
con ac USARC Execu i e Di ec o Ga y
B ass in A ling on, VA (800-AURORAB
o 703/525-0111; ax 703/525-0114;
[email p o ec ed]).
20
In e na ional News
Canadian Pola Commission Raises P o ile o he A c ic
IASC Hos s A c ic Science Summi
Mo e han 200 scien is s and science
adminis a o s om se e al a c ic
science o ganiza ions a ended he second
A c ic Science Summi Week (ASSW) in
Ap il 2000 in Camb idge, UK. The In e -
na ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC,
see Wi ness Au umn 1998) ini ia ed ASSW
o p o ide oppo uni ies o coo dina ion,
collabo a ion, and complemen a i y in all
a eas o a c ic science. ASSW comp ises
mee ings o a c ic esea ch o ganiza ions, a
Join Science Day on a opical issue, and
ela ed wo kshops.
A majo pos e session p eceded he
Join Science Day on Impac s o Clima e
Change in he A c ic, which was a ended
by he local science communi y and media
as well as mee ing pa icipan s. The Join
Science Day b ough he A c ic Clima e
Impac Assessmen (ACIA, see page 21),
o he a en ion o he gene al a c ic sci-
ence communi y.
The ollowing o ganiza ions held hei
annual mee ings as pa o ASSW:
• he IASC Council, Regional Boa d,
and Execu i e Commi ee;
• he ACIA S ee ing Commi ee;
• he A c ic Ocean Sciences Boa d;
• he Eu opean Pola Boa d;
• he Fo um o A c ic Resea ch Ope a o s
(see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999);
• he Nansen A c ic D illing P og am
(see Wi ness Sp ing 1998); and
• he No dic Pola Resea ch G oup.
Wo kshops we e con ened on:
• a comp ehensi e geophysical mapping
p ojec co e ing he A c ic Ocean Basin
and su ounding a eas (see page 22);
• sus ained moni o ing o a c ic luxes
ha connec he A c ic Ocean o
lowe la i udes (see page 21); and
• a c ic ca bon cycling, o ganized by he
Feedbacks and A c ic Te es ial Ecosys-
ems (FATE) p ojec g oup.
Associa ed ecep ions, including one a
he Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e, o e ed
oppo uni ies o in o mal discussions.
The Local O ganizing Commi ee o
ASSW 2000 was headed by he B i ish
An a c ic Su ey and sponso ed by he
Na u al En i onmen Resea ch Council
and he Pola Regions Sec ion o he Fo -
eign and Commonweal h O ice.
A numbe o epo s based on he dis-
cussions a ASSW a e now in de elop-
men . The nex ASSW will be held in
Iqalui , Canada in la e Ap il 2001.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he IASC
web si e (h p://www.iasc.no), o con ac
IASC Execu i e Sec e a y Odd Rogne in
Oslo, No way (+47/2324-1602; ax +47/
2324-1601; [email p o ec ed]).
The Canadian Pola Commission
(CPC) was c ea ed by an ac o Pa -
liamen in 1991 o se e as Canada’s lead
agency in he de elopmen and
dissemina ion o pola knowledge. The
CPC (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999)
main ains wo king ela ionships wi h
go e nmen s, uni e si ies, esea ch
ins i u es, indus y, abo iginal o ganiza-
ions, and non-go e nmen al g oups
h oughou Canada.
A he in e na ional le el, he CPC
ep esen s Canada on he In e na ional
A c ic Science Commi ee (see a icle his
page and Wi ness Au umn 1998) and
he Scien i ic Commi ee on An a c ic
Resea ch. While no i sel engaged in pola
s udy, he CPC has esponsibili y o :
• moni o ing, p omo ing, and
dissemina ing knowledge o he
pola egions;
• con ibu ing o public awa eness o he
impo ance o pola science o Canada;
• enhancing Canada’s in e na ional
p o ile as a ci cumpola na ion; and
• de eloping ecommenda ions o
go e nmen on pola science policy.
In Sp ing 1999, he se en-membe
boa d o he CPC me o ede ine he
o ganiza ion’s mission and alues, and
o de elop, in consul a ion wi h s a ,
a h ee-yea s a egic plan, including:
• building a highe p o ile in Canada
o pola knowledge a he communi y,
egional, na ional, and in e na ional
le els;
• inding esh and inno a i e ways
o p omo e pola science; and
• collabo a ing e ec i ely wi h
public- and p i a e-sec o pa ne s.
Towa d hese ends, he Commission
app o ed se e al ini ia i es, including he
Canadian Pola In o ma ion Ne wo k
(CPIN), an on-line sou ce o a c ic and
An a c ic da a and in o ma ion. Newly
es ablished, he CPIN (h p://www.
pola com.gc.ca/cpin/de aul .h m) ea u es:
• he Pola Science Fo um, an
in e ac i e communica ions and
in o ma ion esou ce;
• a egis y o Canadian pola esea che s;
and
• links o sou ces o da a and in o ma ion
h oughou Canada and he ci cum-
a c ic egion (e.g., A c ic En i onmen al
Da a Di ec o y, An a c ic Mas e Di ec-
o y, Global Change Mas e Di ec o y).
An impo an s ep in he c ea ion o a
obus pola in o ma ion in as uc u e
in Canada, CPIN will, in he nea u u e,
include a me ada a sea ch and iling
acili y and a GIS-based da a display ool.
To enhance i s capaci y o moni o ing
and epo ing, he Commission also in o-
duced A c ic and An a c ic Resea ch in
Canada, a se ies o publica ions ha will
p o ile pola esea ch sec o s while helping
o iden i y key issues and ends ele an
o he de elopmen o public policy. Mo e
comp ehensi e epo s on a wide ange o
c oss-cu ing issues, including:
• adi ional knowledge,
• unding,
• logis ics and in as uc u e,
• licensing, and
• da a managemen
will also be by published by he CPC as
pa o he se ies, while a egula s a e-o -
pola -science epo will syn hesize in o -
ma ion pe iodically. The Commission will
complemen his wo k in 2000 by iden i-
ying a sui e o pola science indica o s
ha can be compiled and acked o e
ime as a b oad measu e o Canada’s
commi men o building pola knowledge.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he CPC
web si e (h p://www.pola com.gc.ca),
o con ac Alan Saunde s in O awa, ON
(888/POLAR01; ax 613/943-8607;
[email p o ec ed]).
21
In e na ional News
A c ic Council P epa es A c ic Clima e Impac Assessmen
The in e na ional A c ic Clima e
Impac Assessmen (ACIA) p ojec is
abou o commence unde he auspices o
wo wo king g oups o he A c ic Council
(see page 18 and Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn
1999) and he In e na ional A c ic Science
Commi ee (IASC, see page 20). The goal
o he ACIA is o e alua e and syn hesize
knowledge on clima e a iabili y, clima e
change, inc eased ul a iole adia ion, and
hei consequences. The aim is o p o ide
use ul and eliable in o ma ion o he go -
e nmen s, o ganiza ions, and peoples o
he A c ic on policy op ions o mee such
changes. The ACIA will examine possible
u u e impac s on:
• he en i onmen and i s li ing esou ces,
• human heal h, and
• in as uc u e.
Th ee majo olumes will be com-
ple ed by 2004; hey a e:
• a pee - e iewed scien i ic olume,
• a syn hesis documen summa izing
esul s, and
• a policy documen p o iding ecom-
menda ions o coping and adap ing.
B oad pa icipa ion o expe s om
many di e en disciplines and coun ies
is an icipa ed. Au ho s will be guided by
an Assessmen S ee ing Commi ee (ASC)
wi h ep esen a i es om:
• he A c ic Council’s A c ic Moni o ing
and Assessmen P og am, and Conse a-
ion o A c ic Fauna and Flo a;
• IASC; and
• indigenous peoples o he A c ic.
The Uni ed S a es is he lead coun y
o his e o ; ep esen a i es om NSF
and he Na ional Oeanog aphic and
A mosphe ic Adminis a ion (NOAA) will
also be membe s o he ASC. I s chai man
is Robe Co ell (Uni ed S a es); he Vice-
Chai is Pål P es ud (No way). An ACIA
Sec e a ia has been es ablished a he
In e na ional A c ic Resea ch Cen e o
he Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks and
unded by NSF and NOAA. Addi ional
con ibu ions a e expec ed om o he
a c ic coun ies.
Close ies will be main ained wi h he
g oup conduc ing a simila egional
assessmen as pa o he In e go e nmen-
al Panel on Clima e Change (see Wi ness
Au umn 1998 and Au umn 1997), bu
he ACIA expec s o p o ide conside ably
mo e de ail on he expec ed impac s in he
A c ic. The means by which i a i es a i s
conclusions is in ended o be anspa en ,
wi h c edible and igo ous e iew and clea
s a emen o he deg ees o unce ain y in
he conclusions.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Gun e
Welle , In e im Execu i e Di ec o o he
ACIA Sec e a ia in Fai banks, AK (907/
474-7371; ax 907/474-6722; gun e @gi.
alaska.edu).
Ini ia i e Will Coo dina e Measu emen o Ocean Fluxes
As pa o he A c ic Science Summi
Week in Ap il 2000 (see page 20), he
A c ic Ocean Science Boa d and In e na-
ional A c ic Science Commi ee held a
mee ing on a join ini ia i e o measu e
clima ically impo an oceanic exchanges
be ween he A c ic and suba c ic seas. The
objec i es o he A c ic/Suba c ic Ocean
Fluxes (ASOF) mee ing we e o discuss:
• c i ical measu emen s needed o unde -
s and he ole o high-la i ude oceans in
decadal clima e a iabili y, and
• ways o achie ing he coo dina ed long-
e m unding equi ed o implemen a sys-
em o such measu emen s ac oss all he
main ga eways o and om he A c ic
Ocean o e a pe iod o a decade o mo e.
The app oxima ely 50 mee ing pa ici-
pan s con i med ha an u gen esea ch
ocus is wa an ed on bo h hese issues, in
iew o he obse a ional and modeling
e idence ha appea s o link a iabili y in
hese luxes o ab up changes in he
s eng h o he he mohaline ci cula ion
(THC) in he No h A lan ic.
Fo example, he paleoclima e eco d
om ocean sedimen s sugges s ha p e i-
ous episodes o THC slowdown o shu -
down ha e coincided wi h pe iods when
ice and eshwa e we e mo e widesp ead
han hey a e oday and may ha e
occu ed apidly, in only a ew decades.
Ad anced coupled clima e models appea
o conclude ha g eenhouse gas o cing
may lead o a d ama ic educ ion in he
s eng h o he THC in he A lan ic, while
con empo a y ocean ci cula ion models
appea o con i m ha an inc ease in he
sou hwa d lux o ice and eshwa e
h ough F am S ai may be able, in a ew
yea s, o educe he in ensi y o he THC
in he No h A lan ic.
A p esen , howe e , esea che s lack
di ec measu emen s o oceanic hea and
eshwa e luxes needed o de elop and
es hese models. Model imp o emen
depends upon ob aining hese measu e-
men s simul aneously a all a c ic ga eways
and o e a pe iod long enough o cap u e
a iabili y. Pa icipan s iden i ied si es
whe e hese luxes migh bes be measu ed
and p oposed app op ia e me hodologies‚
including he use o new echniques o
wo king in di icul sub-ice loca ions.
The i s measu emen s o oceanic
exchanges be ween he A c ic Ocean and
suba c ic seas we e made in he Be ing
S ai (No h Paci ic) and F am S ai
(No h A lan ic) in he mid-1960s o
1970s, and obse a ions in he 1990s ha e
documen ed signi ican changes in hea
lux owa d he A c ic Ocean (see Wi ness
Sp ing 1998) and in eshwa e /ice lux
om he A c ic. While se e al p og ams
in ol ing esea che s om he Eu opean
Communi y, No way, Uni ed Kingdom,
he Uni ed S a es, and Canada now plan
ex ended lux s udies, he ASOF join ini-
ia i e is a signi ican s ep owa d achie -
ing a coo dina ed long- e m sys em o
such measu emen s ac oss he A c ic.
The ASOF science planning g oup is
chai ed by Ola O heim, Di ec o o he
No wegian Pola Ins i u e. The nex plan-
ning mee ing will ake place du ing he
S e d up Symposium in T omsø, No way,
22–23 Sep embe 2000 (see page 27).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Bob
Dickson in Su olk, UK (+44/1502-524-
282; ax +44/1502-513-865;
[email p o ec ed]).

22
In e na ional News
In e na ional E o Gene a es Cha o he A c ic Ocean
Since la e 1997, ba hyme ic specialis s
om he eigh a c ic coun ies ha e
been wo king o compile all a ailable
ba hyme ic da a no h o 64oN in o a
cohe en , s a e-o - he-a , publicly a ail-
able digi al da abase and a comp ehensi e
elie map o he A c ic Basin seabed and
adjacen land a eas.
The In e na ional Ba hyme ic Cha
o he A c ic Ocean (IBCAO) p ojec has:
• assembled o iginal dep h obse a ions
and in o ma ion ex ac ed om
published maps;
• cons uc ed a g id ha de ines dep h
and ele a ion h oughou he egion
a a esolu ion o 2.5 km;
• included he ele a ions o su ounding
land masses, so ha ma ine and e es-
ial elie no h o 64oN is desc ibed
in one seamless g id— he Be a G id;
• dis ibu ed he Be a G id, solici ing
eedback and ecommenda ions o
addi ional ele an da a se s; and
• used he Be a G id o cons uc a p o i-
sional shaded elie map, which has also
been eleased o he communi y, o
acili a e isualiza ion o he con en s o
he g id and enable compa isons wi h
exis ing maps.
Besides p o iding impo an co ec-
ions o olde maps, he new p oduc s ea-
u e inc eased de ail and esolu ion in bo h
deep and shallow a eas.
The Be a G id, p o isional map, and
associa ed documen a ion a e a ailable
om he IBCAO web si e (h p://www.
ngdc.noaa.go /mgg/ba hyme y/a c ic/
a c ic.h ml), which is main ained by he
U.S. Na ional Geophysical Da a Cen e .
The IBCAO p ojec has been o e seen
by an Edi o ial Boa d o ba hyme ic spe-
cialis s om Canada, Denma k, Ge many,
Iceland, No way, Russia, Sweden, and he
Uni ed S a es, as well as h ee in e na ional
o ganiza ions ha ha e in e es s in a c ic
mapping and esea ch— he In e na ional
Hyd og aphic O ganiza ion (IHO), he
In e go e nmen al Oceanog aphic Com-
mission (IOC), and he In e na ional A c-
ic Science Commi ee (see page 20).
The IBCAO p ojec has ecei ed und-
ing and in-kind suppo om IASC, IOC,
S ockholm Uni e si y, he Swedish Pola
Sec e a ia , he Swedish Pola Commi ee,
he Swedish Yme Founda ion, he U.S.
O ice o Na al Resea ch, and he U.S.
Na ional Geophysical Da a Cen e . These
ad hoc con ibu ions ha e supplemen ed
he olun a y e o s and in-kind con ibu-
ions o Edi o ial Boa d membe s, hei
associa es, and home ins i u ions.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Ron
Macnab a he Geological Su ey o
Canada in Da mou h NS, Canada (902/
426-5687; ax 902/426-6152; macnab@
agc.bio.ns.ca).
TUNDRA S udies A c ic Feedbacks in Russian Wa e shed
Tund a Deg ada ion in he Russian
A c ic (TUNDRA) is an in e discipli-
na y esea ch p ojec s udying he e ec s
o global change, indus ial pollu ion, and
he public pe cep ion o en i onmen al
deg ada ion in he Eas -Eu opean Russian
A c ic. The esea ch is unded o h ee
yea s (1998–2000) by he IV h F amewo k
En i onmen and Clima e P og amme o
he Eu opean Commission (EC).
TUNDRA is designed o assess p o-
cesses o igina ing in he A c ic ha eed
back o he global clima e sys em, pa icu-
la ly changes in g eenhouse gas emissions
and eshwa e uno . In es iga o s in
mul iple disciplines om Denma k,
Finland, he Ne he lands, Russia, and he
Uni ed Kingdom a e s udying:
• p esen clima e and i s na u al a iabil-
i y, using a egional clima e model and
analyses o pas clima e a iabili y;
• a c ic eedbacks o global wa ming,
including eeline dynamics, soil and
pea ca bon dynamics, me hane luxes,
changes in eshwa e uno , albedo
changes; and
• egional impac s o global change such
as land and wa e pollu ion, pe ma os
mel ing, and human esponses.
Pollu ion specialis s and social an h o-
pologis s also a e assessing how pollu ion
may be a ec ing ecosys em unc ion and
esiden s’ pe cep ions and how human
a i udes in u n a ec en i onmen al
legisla ion and i s implemen a ion.
The s udy a ea selec ed o he p ojec
is he 100,000-km2 Usa Ri e basin wes
o he U al Moun ains (see igu e). The
Usa Ri e lows in o he Pecho a Ri e
and he Ba en s Sea. The wa e shed
encompasses a c ic and alpine eelines,
ex ensi e lowland und a, and he sou h-
e n limi s o pe ma os . The Usa Basin
has also sus ained a ange o human
impac s, om almos uninhabi ed o
densely popula ed egions, om indig-
enous economies o Russian indus ializa-
ion, and om clean o pollu ed a eas.
The main indus ial cen e s in he a ea
a e Vo ku a and Usinsk.
A closely ela ed p ojec , Pe ma os in
he Usa Basin (PERUSA), is s udying pos-
sible u u e pe ma os deg ada ion and i s
e ec on in as uc u e. PERUSA is
unded by he In e na ional Associa ion
o Coope a ion wi h Scien is s om he
o me So ie Union P og amme (INTAS;
see h p://www.in as.be) o he EC.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he TUN-
DRA web si e (h p://www.u o a. i/home/
a k inen/ und a/ und a.h m), o con ac
Pe e Kuh y in Ro aniemi, Finland (+358/
16 3412755; ax +358/16 3412777;
[email p o ec ed]).
The Usa Basin is loca ed in he Eas -Eu opean Russian
A c ic (map by K. Mikkola, modi ied by S. Mi chell).
NORWAY
SWEDEN
FINLAND
RUSSIA
Pecho a
Ka a
Sea
Ba en s
Sea
No wegian Sea
A khangel’sk
Mu mansk
Moscow
The Usa Basin
23
In e na ional News
Ci cumpola Social Science Ph.D.s will Mee in Alaska
U.S. and No way Plan o Join Resea ch
As wo o he eigh a c ic na ions, No way and he Uni ed S a es a e majo
pa icipan s in ci cuma c ic esea ch. In Augus 1999, he wo coun ies co-
sponso ed a wo kshop o ganized by he No wegian Resea ch Council, No wegian
Pola Ins i u e, and ARCUS (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999). Wo king g oups
we e o ganized a ound s udies in:
• uppe a mosphe e,
• lowe a mosphe e,
• oceanog aphy and geophysics,
• paleoclima ology, and
• biology.
In addi ion, pa icipan s discussed mul idisciplina y esea ch ques ions app op ia e
o b oadened coope a ion in S alba d, including:
• How will clima e change be media ed, and wha will be he e ec on ca bon
cycles?
• How will clima ic changes in e ac wi h s a osphe ic ozone dynamics and
ul a iole adia ion?
• How can we use he syne gis ic co-loca ion o powe ul obse a ional acili ies
o uppe a mosphe ic p ocesses on S alba d o s udy how hese p ocesses a ec
consume , business, and de ense sa elli e communica ions?
Wo kshop pa icipan s and he wide a c ic esea ch communi y ha e e iewed
he d a epo om he wo kshop. ARCUS will publish Oppo uni ies o Collabo-
a ion be ween he Uni ed S a es and No way in A c ic Resea ch la e his summe .
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac ARCUS.
The Ci cumpola A c ic Social Science
(CASS) Ph.D. Ne wo k, now in i s
i h yea , will hold an in e na ional ield
cou se in Alaska in Augus 2000. The
heme o he cou se is No he n Communi-
ies and he Global Economy: New
app oaches o communi y esou ce manage-
men and use. The goal o CASS is o p e-
pa e he nex gene a ion o in e na ional
a c ic social scien is s o wo k collabo a-
i ely ac oss na ional and disciplina y
bounda ies on p essing ci cumpola
esea ch opics. CASS also p o ides Ph.D.
s uden s in social sciences wi h a sophis i-
ca ed unde s anding o cul u al, social,
and e hical issues essen ial o e ec i e
a c ic esea ch.
Eigh een Ph.D. s uden s and six senio
acul y a e expec ed o pa icipa e in he
Alaska ield cou se. Coun ies ep esen ed
will include Canada, Denma k (including
G eenland), Finland, Iceland, Japan,
No way, Russia, Sweden, and he Uni ed
S a es. F om 5–20 Augus 2000, pa ici-
pan s will:
• pa icipa e in a wo kshop on building an
in e na ional a c ic social sciences
esea ch ne wo k in Ancho age;
• expe ience he Old Min o Cul u al
He i age Camp in in e io Alaska; and
• in e ac wi h acul y and s uden s a he
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks.
In addi ion, plans a e unde way o pa -
icipan s o isi Red Dog Mine in no h-
wes Alaska and P udhoe Bay on he
No h Slope.
Since 1996, CASS has b ough
s uden s and acul y om a c ic na ions
oge he o a mul i-week ield cou se in
no he n loca ions, enabling hem o
p esen esea ch opics, heo ies, me hods,
and indings o o he s and c ea e a
pe sonal and p o essional ne wo k. CASS
seeks o de elop a cad e o younge social
scien is s wi h:
• an app ecia ion o he impo ance o
in e disciplina y esea ch;
• an unde s anding o he nuances o
in e na ional and c oss-cul u al collabo-
a ions; and
• a b oad unde s anding o di e se heo-
e ical and me hodological app oaches
ac oss scien i ic disciplines.
Mo eo e , inc eased in e es on he pa o
indigenous peoples and o he no he n
esiden s in esea ch abou hei commu-
ni ies equi es ha Ph.D. s uden s become
amilia wi h eme ging issues ela ed o:
• indigenous knowledge sys ems,
• e hics o esea ch in ol ing
communi ies,
• in ellec ual p ope y igh s, and
• local pe cep ions o esea ch p io i ies.
The ocus and loca ion o p e ious
ield cou ses a e as ollows:
• 1996—Di e si y and Local Communi ies
in Sou h G eenland;
• 1997—Mega-p ojec s and Local
Pa icipa ion in De elopmen in no h-
eas Quebec (policy and esea ch issues,
and he his o y su ounding he James
Bay and No he n Quebec Ag eemen );
• 1998—Secu i y in he A c ic in no he n
No way, S alba d, and Russia (Kola
Peninsula); and
• 1999—Poli ical Au onomy and
Economic De elopmen in he A c ic
in Quebec and Nuna ik.
Funding o he ield cou ses has come
la gely om he No dic Council o Minis-
e s, he No dic Academy o Ad anced
S udy, Canada’s Social Sciences and
Humani ies Resea ch Council, and
indi idual uni e si ies.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Richa d
Caul ield in Fai banks, AK (907/474-
5573; ax 907/474-6325; [email p o ec ed])
o Phyllis Mo ow (907/474-6608; ax
907/474-7453; [email p o ec ed]).
Ph.D. s uden s om eigh coun ies isi ed a Fi s
Na ions museum in No he n Quebec in Sep embe
1999 (pho o p o ided by Rick Caul ield).
24
USCGC
Healy
T ials P oceed o Cold Wa e s in Ba in Bay
AICC Ad oca es Science Suppo
As esea che s an icipa e he a ailabili y
o he USCGC Healy in 2001 (see
a icle his page), he commi ee cha ged
wi h o e seeing suppo o i s science
ope a ions con inues i s ad ocacy o p o-
duc i e collabo a ion be ween uni e si y
esea che s and U.S. Coas Gua d (USCG)
o ice s and c ew membe s.
The A c ic Iceb eake Coo dina ing
Commi ee (AICC) was es ablished in
1996 by he USCG, NSF, and he Uni e -
si y-Na ional Oceanog aphic Labo a o y
Sys em (UNOLS; see page 25) o suppo
scien is s who wish o conduc esea ch
aboa d he USCG iceb eake s ha a e
a ailable o he academic communi y—
speci ically, he USCGC Pola S a , Pola
Sea, and Healy (see Wi ness Sp ing 1997).
One o he goals o he AICC is o
ensu e ha he quali y o science suppo
on a c ic ma ine science missions aboa d
USCG iceb eake s equals ha a ailable on
he la ge essels adminis e ed by UNOLS;
he USCG en husias ically suppo s his
goal. To his end, in Ma ch 2000 he
AICC ci cula ed an in o mal le e o he
a c ic esea ch communi y, ecommending
ha one o mo e o he 27 ins i u ions
ha ope a e UNOLS essels (see able
page 23) p o ide companion suppo o
he p e-c uise, echnical, and ope a ional
aspec s o missions beginning in 2001
and 2002 (see h p://www.unols.o g/aicc/
healyuse.pd ). The AICC ecommended
ha he use communi y conside submi -
ing p oposals o NSF o p o ide app o-
p ia e companion suppo , such as:
• acili a ing equen di ec in e ac ions
among scien is s and USCG pe sonnel
o assu e ha scien i ic equi emen s o
ope a ional and echnical suppo will
be me ; and
• assis ing he USCG wi h aining,
ope a ion, and main enance o speci ic
science sys ems (e.g., CTD, co ing
sys ems, science da a ne wo k, SeaBeam,
Acous ic Dopple Cu en P o ile ).
Such assis ance could be unded as a
coope a i e ag eemen , which could be
modi ied as c uise needs become clea e .
The AICC no ed ha he NSF Di ision o
Ocean Sciences Resea ch Ship Ope a ions
P og am (see h p://www.ns .go /pubs/
2000/ns 0039/ns 0039.pd ) also may be
app op ia e o his pu pose. P oposals o
his p og am a e due 15 Oc obe .
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ull ex
o AICC’s le e o 1 Ma ch 2000 in he
A c icIn o a chi e on he ARCUS web si e
(h p://www.a cus.o g/a c icin o/
_sea ch.h ml), o con ac Jim Swi (see
a icle his page).
The U.S. Coas Gua d Cu e Healy,
deli e ed o he Coas Gua d in
No embe 1999 (see Wi ness Sp ing/
Au umn 1999), success ully comple ed
wa m wa e es s and ials o Pue o Rico
in Feb ua y 2000. Mos science sys ems
pe o med well; o he mos pa , ouble
occu ed in sys ems ha we e expec ed o
need longe pe iods o adjus men s.
The Healy unde wen ice ials and
cold-wa e science-sys ems es ing in
Ba in Bay in Ap il, May, and June 2000.
The Coas Gua d wo ked closely wi h
Canada, Denma k, and G eenland on
hese es s. Membe s o he A c ic Ice-
b eake Coo dina ing Commi ee (AICC)
o e saw all es ing o science sys ems and,
in addi ion o he es epo s, a e con ib-
u ing o an execu i e epo . A e comple-
ion o es ing, he Healy will a i e a he
home po o Sea le in Augus 2000.
Science planning o use o he Healy is
well unde way, ollowing In e ne solici a-
ion o use ideas and communi y plan-
ning and in o ma ion mee ings in Oc obe
1999 du ing he NSF Ocean-A mosphe e-
Ice In e ac ions All-Hands mee ing in Vi -
ginia Beach (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn
1999), he AGU 1999 Fall Mee ing, and
he 2000 Ocean Sciences mee ing. These
audiences we e p incipally conce ned wi h
he planning and scheduling p ocess,
science equipmen , and echnical suppo .
Thei eedback is being used o upda e
in o ma ion o p ospec i e use s.
An ab idged e sion o he i e-yea
olling plan o use o U.S. a c ic iceb eak-
e s is a ailable a h p://www.unols.o g/
aicc/healyuse.pd . Addi ional in o ma ion
will be a ailable la e his yea on he Uni-
e si y-Na ional Oceanog aphic Labo a-
o y Sys em (UNOLS, see page 25) new
web si e (h p://www.unols.o g) including:
• planning ideas;
• p oposals submi ed, unded, and
scheduled; and
• accompanying in o ma ion abou
logis ics and use con ac s.
The AICC will con inue o help he
a c ic esea ch communi y wi h coo dina-
ion and long- e m planning. Fo example,
las yea he AICC ale ed he communi y
ha he Healy migh wo k in he Eas e n
A c ic in Summe 2001, wi h Wes e n
A c ic wo k possible o Sp ing 2001.
Impo an de ails emain o be wo ked
ou , bu p og ess is being made on his
impo an planning issue.
P oposals o use he Healy mus be
submi ed o NSF—which is likely o be
he p ima y science unding agency—no
la e han 15 Feb ua y o he yea p io o
he sea wo k. In la e summe o ha yea ,
p oposals ha a e likely o be unded, and
any ha we e success ully e iewed om
ea lie yea s, will be examined by a g oup
comp ised o Coas Gua d and unding
agency ep esen a i es. Tha g oup will
de e mine he Healy’s science sea schedule
o he yea ahead.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he Healy
web si e (h p://www.uscg.mil/paca ea/
healy), o con ac AICC Chai Jim Swi
in La Jolla, CA (858/534-3387; ax 858/
534-7383; [email p o ec ed]).
Science-sys em es ing and ice ials o he USCGC
Healy a e unde way in Ba in Bay in Ap il, May, and
June 2000 ( igu e p o ided by Te y Tucke ).
Science News
25
Publica ions Science News
High-La i ude Resea ch Requi es New Mid-Sized Vessels
While moo ed ins umen a ion, d i -
ing buoys, and emo e sensing a e
inc easingly impo an in oceanog aphic
esea ch, in es iga o s con inue o equi e
access o ocean-going esea ch essels.
The U.S. oceanog aphic communi y has
bene i ed om a lee o esea ch essels
ope a ed by academic ins i u ions h ough
he Uni e si y-Na ional Oceanog aphic
Labo a o y Sys em (UNOLS). Es ablished
in 1971, he UNOLS lee is cu en ly
composed o 29 essels (see box) a ailable
o all esea che s; UNOLS coo dina es
schedules o op imal use. NSF, he lead-
ing ede al agency in ol ed wi h he lee ,
p o ides much o he ope a ing and main-
enance suppo o UNOLS essels.
The UNOLS Flee Imp o emen
Commi ee (FIC) is leading in e agency
e o s o de e mine he lee composi ion
app op ia e o mee ing u u e esea ch
needs. The mos se ious u u e sho all in
a ailable essels is likely o be in he in e -
media e size class (30–60 me e s long).
While emo e echnologies now accom-
plish pa o he esea ch ha had been
conduc ed aboa d he la ges essels, he
demand o in e media e ships is g owing
as a en ion o coas al issues inc eases.
These in e media e-sized essels a e aging
and, in many cases, need o be eplaced.
The R/V Alpha Helix, o ins ance, is
he oldes essel in he U.S. academic lee .
Now 35 yea s old and o e due o e i e-
men , he Alpha Helix is he only UNOLS
essel assigned o Alaskan wa e s, which
comp ise mo e han hal o he o al U.S.
coas al a ea.
The Alpha Helix has suppo ed
esea che s om many ins i u ions and
agencies, in es iga ing opics such as:
• he ecosys ems o he sou heas Be ing
Sea and Gul o Alaska,
• physical and biological esponses o he
Be ing and Chukchi seas o na u al
a iabili y,
• nea sho e oceanog aphy o he Chukchi
and Beau o seas,
• ocean dynamics and biological egimes
in he P ibilo Islands a ea, and
• in e ac ions among ma ine mammals,
bi ds, and ishe ies.
The FIC is placing a high p io i y on
an Alpha Helix eplacemen ; he Science
Mission Requi emen s s a emen no es
ha a eplacemen essel should be o
in e media e size, capable o ishe ies
esea ch as well as oceanog aphic s udies,
and mode a ely ice-s eng hened (no an
iceb eake ) o ea ly sp ing/la e all Be ing
Sea wo k. Such a essel is needed o sup-
po inc easing agency and academic wo k
on high-la i ude issues such as in e ac ions
be ween he endange ed S elle sea lion
and pollock o he Be ing Sea, which is he
la ges single-species ishe y in No h
Ame ica.
A Memo andum o Unde s anding has
been signed be ween he School o Fish-
e ies and Ocean Sciences, Uni e si y o
Alaska Fai banks and he Woods Hole
Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion wi h he in en
o enhancing oppo uni ies o esea che s
a bo h ins i u ions o conduc high la i-
ude esea ch. As a i s s ep, he wo o gani-
za ions will coope a e o design an in e me-
dia e-sized esea ch essel mee ing he FIC
speci ica ions ha migh also se e o he
locales as in e media e ships a e eplaced.
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou UNOLS
and i s esea ch essels, see he UNOLS
web si e (h p://www.unols.o g). Fo mo e
in o ma ion abou he Alpha Helix, con-
ac Ve a Alexande in Fai banks, AK
(907/474-6824; ax 907/474-7386;
[email p o ec ed]. edu).
UNOLS Resea ch Vessels
(see h p://www.unols.o g/ ic/planning/ l plan.h m)
Ship Ope a ing Ins i u ion Owne Leng h(m) Buil /Re i
Class I & II
Kno Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion Na y 85 1970/89
Mel ille Sc ipps Ins i u ion o Oceanog aphy Na y 85 1969/90
Mau ice Ewing Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y NSF 73 1983/90
Thomas G. Thompson Uni e si y o Washing on Na y 84 1991
Roge Re elle Sc ipps Ins i u ion o Oceanog aphy Na y 85 1996
A lan is Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion Na y 84 1997
Class III & IV
Alpha Helix Uni e si y o Alaska NSF 41 1966
Cape Henlopen Uni e si y o Delawa e U. Delawa e 37 1976
Gy e Texas A&M Uni e si y (TAMU) TAMU 55 1973/80
Poin Su Moss Landing Ma ine Labo a o ies NSF 41 1981
Cape Ha e as Duke Uni e si y/Uni e si y o No h Ca olina NSF 41 1981
Robe G. Sp oul Sc ipps Ins i u ion o Oceanog aphy SIO 38 1981/85
Pelican Louisiana Uni e si ies Ma ine Conso ium LUMCON 32 1985
Longho n Uni e si y o Texas U. Texas 32 1971/86
Edwin Link Ha bo B anch Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion (HBOI) HBOI 52 1982/88
Sea Di e Ha bo B anch Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion HBOI 35 1959/92
Endea o Uni e si y o Rhode Island NSF 56 1977/93
Wea he bi d II Be muda Biological S a ion o Resea ch (BBSR) BBSR 35 1981/93
Wecoma O egon S a e Uni e si y NSF 56 1976/94
Oceanus Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion NSF 54 1976/94
Sewa d Johnson Ha bo B anch Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion HBOI 63 1984/94
New Ho izon Sc ipps Ins i u ion o Oceanog aphy (SIO) SIO 52 1978/96
Class IV
Lau en ian Uni e si y o Michigan U. Mich. 24 1974
Blue Fin Uni e si y Sys em o Geo gia U. Geo gia 22 1972/75
Cli o d A. Ba nes Uni e si y o Washing on NSF 20 1966/84
U aca Smi hsonian T opical Resea ch Ins i u e (STRI) STRI 33 1986/94
Blue He on Uni e si y o Minneso a U. Minn. 26 1985/98
F.G. Wal on Smi h* Uni e si y o Miami U. Miami 29 2000
The Ronald H. B own also pa icipa es in he UNOLS scheduling p ocess, al hough she is no a UNOLS essel. She was
buil in 1996 (83 m), and is owned and ope a ed by he NOAA O ice o Ma ine and A ia ion Ope a ions.
* In 2000, F.G. Wal on Smi h is expec ed o eplace Calanus, buil in 1971 (23 m). Bo h essels a e owned and ope a ed
by he Uni e si y o Miami.
Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709
PARCS S ee ing Commi ee
Ma y E. Edwa ds, Co-Chai
Geog a isk Ins i u
No wegian Uni e si y o Science & Technology
(NTNU)
N-7034 T ondheim, No way
Phone: +47/7359-1915 • Fax: +47/7359-1878
[email p o ec ed]
Michael J. Re elle, Co-Chai
Depa men o Geology
Ba es College
44 Campus A enue
Lewis on, ME 04240
Phone: 207/786-6155 • Fax: 207/786-8334
[email p o ec ed]
Pa ick J. Ba lein
Depa men o Geog aphy
Uni e si y o O egon
Eugene, OR 97403-1251
Phone: 541/346-4967 • Fax: 541/346-2067
[email p o ec ed]
Julie B igham-G e e
Depa men o Geosciences
Uni e si y o Massachuse s
Mo ill Science Cen e
Campus Box 35820
Amhe s , MA 01003-5820
Phone: 413/545-4840 • Fax: 413/545-1200
[email p o ec ed]
Ma hieu Du all
Qua e na y Resea ch Cen e
Uni e si y o Washing on
Box 351360
Sea le, WA 98195
Phone: 206/543-0569 • Fax: 206/543-3836
[email p o ec ed]
Glen M. MacDonald
Depa men o Geog aphy
Uni e si y o Cali o nia Los Angeles
405 Hilga d A enue
Los Angeles, CA 90095
Phone: 310/825-2568 • Fax: 310/206-5976
[email p o ec ed]
Gi o d H. Mille
Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch
Uni e si y o Colo ado
Campus Box 450
Boulde , CO 80309-0450
Phone: 303/492-6962 • Fax: 303/492-6388
[email p o ec ed]
Be e L. O o-Bliesne
Clima e Change Resea ch
Na ional Cen e o A mosphe ic Resea ch
PO Box 3000
Boulde , CO 80307
Phone: 303/497-1723 • Fax: 303/497-1348
[email p o ec ed]
John P. Smol
Depa men o Biology-PEARL
Queen’s Uni e si y
116 Ba ie S ee
Kings on, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
Phone: 613/533-6147 • Fax: 613/533-6617
[email p o ec ed]
G ego y Zielinski
Clima e Change Resea ch Cen e
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e
Mo se Hall, 39 College Road
Du ham, NH 03824-3525
Phone: 603/862-1012 • Fax: 603/862-2124
[email p o ec ed]
B uce P. Finney
Ins i u e o Ma ine Science
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757220
Fai banks, AK 99775-7220
Phone: 907/474-7724 • Fax: 907/474-7204
[email p o ec ed]
Aslaug Gei sdo i
Depa men o Geosciences
Uni e si y o Iceland
Ja d aedahus Haskolans
IS-101 Reykja ik, Iceland
Phone: +354/5254477 • Fax: +354/5254499
[email p o ec ed]
Malcolm K. Hughes
Labo a o y o T ee-Ring Resea ch
Uni e si y o A izona
105 W. S adium, Building 58
Tuscon, AZ 85721
Phone: 520/621-6470 • Fax: 520/621-8229
[email p o ec ed]
Anne Jennings
Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch
Uni e si y o Colo ado
Campus Box 450
Boulde , CO 80309-0450
Phone: 303/492-1375 • Fax: 303/492-6388
[email p o ec ed]
Ana oly V. Lozhkin
No heas In e disciplina y Resea ch
Ins i u e—Fa Eas B anch
Russian Academy o Sciences
16 Po o aya S ee
685000 Magadan, Russia
Phone: +7/413-223-0944
Fax: +7/413-223-0051
[email p o ec ed],
[email p o ec ed]
ARCSS P og am Add esses Sp ing 2000

Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709
ARCUS Boa d o Di ec o s
Linda B ubake
College o Fo es Resou ces
Uni e si y o Washing on
PO Box 352100
Sea le, WA 98195-2100
Phone: 206/543-5778 • Fax: 206/543-3254
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.washing on.edu
Taqulik Hepa
Depa men o Wildli e Managemen
No h Slope Bo ough
PO Box 69
Ba ow, AK 99723
Phone: 907/852-0350 • Fax: 907/852-0351
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.co.no h-slope.ak.us
John E. Hobbie, Execu i e Commi ee
The Ecosys ems Cen e
Ma ine Biological Labo a o y
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Phone: 508/289-7470 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed] • h p://www.mbl.edu
Hen y P. Hun ing on
Hun ing on Consul ing
PO Box 773564
Ancho age, AK 99577
Phone: 907/696-3564 • Fax: 907/696-3565
[email p o ec ed]
Leslie A. King, Sec e a y
En i onmen al S udies
Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia
3333 Uni e si y Way
P ince Geo ge, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada
Phone: 250/638-5448 • Fax: 250/635-1395
[email p o ec ed] • h p://www.unbc.ca
ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2000
Alaska No h Slope Bo ough
Depa men o Wildli e Managemen
h p://www.co.no h-slope.ak.us
Thomas A. Albe
Depa men o Wildli e Managemen
No h Slope Bo ough
PO Box 69
Ba ow, AK 99723
Phone: 907/852-0350 • Fax: 907/852-0351
[email p o ec ed]
A izona S a e Uni e si y
h p://www.asu.edu
An hony J. B azel
Depa men o Geog aphy
A izona S a e Uni e si y
PO Box 870104
Tempe, AZ 85287-0104
Phone: 480/965-6436 • Fax: 480/965-8313
[email p o ec ed]
ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es
Da id R. Klein
AK Coope a i e Fish & Wildli e Resea ch Uni
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757020
Fai banks, AK 99775-7020
Phone: 907/474-6674 • Fax: 907/474-6967
[email p o ec ed] • h p://www.ua .edu
Wieslaw Maslowski
Depa men o Oceanog aphy - Code OC/Ma
Na al Pos g adua e School
833 Dye Road, Room 331
Mon e ey, CA 93943-5122
Phone: 831/656-3162 • Fax: 831/656-2712
[email p o ec ed] • h p://www.nps.na y.mil
Michael J. Re elle, Execu i e Commi ee
Depa men o Geology
Ba es College
44 Campus A enue
Lewis on, ME 04240
Phone: 207/786-6155 • Fax: 207/786-8334
[email p o ec ed] • h p://www.ba es.edu
Ma k C. Se eze
Coope a i e Ins i u e o Resea ch in
En i onmen al Sciences - NSIDC
Uni e si y o Colo ado
Campus Box 449
Boulde , CO 80309-0449
Phone: 303/492-2963 • Fax: 303/492-2468
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.colo ado.edu
Ma hew S u m, T easu e
Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y
PO Box 35170
F . Wainw igh , AK 99703-0170
Phone: 907/353-5183 • Fax: 907/353-5142
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.c el.usace.a my.mil
John E. Walsh
Depa men o A mosphe ic Sciences
Uni e si y o Illinois - U bana
105 S. G ego y A enue
U bana, IL 61801
Phone: 217/333-7521 • Fax: 217/244-4393
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.ed.uiuc.edu/coe
Pa icia A. Wheele
College o Oceanic & A mosphe ic Sciences
O egon S a e Uni e si y
104 Ocean Admin Building
Co allis, OR 97331-5503
Phone: 541/737-0558 • Fax: 541/737-2064
[email p o ec ed] • h p://www.o s .edu
Be na d D. Zak, P esiden
En i onmen al Cha ac e iza ion &
Moni o ing Sys ems Depa men
Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies
PO Box 5800
Albuque que, NM 87185-0755
Phone: 505/845-8631 • Fax: 505/844-0116
[email p o ec ed] • h p://in o.a m.go
Ba es College
h p://www.ba es.edu
William G. Amb ose
Biology Depa men
Ba es College
44 Campus A enue
Lewis on, ME 04240
Phone: 207/786-6114 • Fax: 207/786-6123
[email p o ec ed]
Ge ald F. Bigelow
Classical & Medie al S udies P og am
Ba es College
44 Campus A enue
Lewis on, ME 04240
Phone: 207/786-8320 • Fax: 207/786-8333
[email p o ec ed]
B own Uni e si y
h p://www.b own.edu
Douglas D. Ande son
Depa men o An h opology
B own Uni e si y
PO Box 1921
P o idence, RI 02912
Phone: 401/863-7060 • Fax: 401/863-7588
[email p o ec ed]
Shepa d K ech, III
add ess same as Douglas D. Ande son
Phone: 401/863-7056 • Fax: 401/863-7588
[email p o ec ed]
(con inued nex page)
ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2000
ARCUS • 907/474-1600 • Fax 907/474-1604 • [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.a cus.o g/
ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es
(
con inued
)
Michigan S a e Uni e si y
h p://www.msu.edu
Pa ick J. Webbe
Depa men o Bo any & Plan Pa hology
Michigan S a e Uni e si y
100 N. Kedzie Hall
Eas Lansing, MI 48824-1031
Phone: 517/355-1284 • Fax: 517/432-2150
[email p o ec ed]
Robe D. Hollis e
add ess same as Pa ick J. Webbe
Phone: 517/432-2399 • Fax: 517/432-2150
[email p o ec ed]
No he n Illinois Uni e si y
h p://www.niu.edu
Ross D. Powell
Depa men o Geology
No he n Illinois Uni e si y
312 Da is Hall
DeKalb, IL 60115-2854
Phone: 815/753-7952 • Fax: 815/753-1945
[email p o ec ed]
The Ohio S a e Uni e si y
h p://www.acs.ohio-s a e.edu
W. Be y Lyons
By d Pola Resea ch Cen e
The Ohio S a e Uni e si y
1090 Ca mack Road
Columbus, OH 43210-1002
Phone: 614/688-3241 • Fax: 614/292-4697
[email p o ec ed]
O egon S a e Uni e si y
h p://www.o s .edu
Timo hy Boyd
College o Oceanic & A mosphe ic Sciences
O egon S a e Uni e si y
104 Ocean Admin Building
Co allis, OR 97331-5503
Phone: 541/737-4035 • Fax: 541/737-2064
[email p o ec ed]
E elyn B. She
add ess same as Timo hy Boyd
Phone: 541/737-4369 • Fax: 541/737-2064
[email p o ec ed]
San Diego S a e Uni e si y
h p://www.sdsu.edu
W. Timo hy Hushen
San Diego S a e Uni e si y Founda ion—
Resea ch Managemen
San Diego S a e Uni e si y
5250 Campanile D i e
San Diego, CA 92182
Phone: 619/594-4102 • Fax: 619/582-9164
[email p o ec ed]
Douglas A. S ow
Depa men o Geog aphy
San Diego S a e Uni e si y
5500 Campanile D i e
San Diego, CA 92182-4493
Phone: 619/594-5498 • Fax: 619/594-4938
[email p o ec ed]
Emb y-Riddle Ae onau ical Uni e si y
h p://www.e au.edu
Gulamabas G. Si jee
Physical Sciences Depa men
Emb y-Riddle Ae onau ical Uni e si y
600 S. Clyde Mo is Boule a d
Day ona Beach, FL 32114-3900
Phone: 904/226-6711 • Fax: 904/226-6713
[email p o ec ed]
John J. Oli e o
add ess same as Gulamabas Si jee
Phone: 904/226-6709 • Fax: 904/226-6713
[email p o ec ed]
Iøisaå ik College
h p://ilisag ik.co.no h-slope.ak.us
F ank Willingham
Iøisaå ik College
PO Box 749
Ba ow, AK 99723-0749
Phone: 907/852-1803 • Fax: 907/852-1805
[email p o ec ed]
Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y
o Columbia Uni e si y
h p://www.ldeo.columbia.edu
William M. Sme hie
Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y
PO Box 1000
Palisades, NY 10964-8000
Phone: 914/365-8566 • Fax: 914/365-8155
[email p o ec ed]
James R. Coch an
add ess same as William M. Sme hie
Phone: 914/365-8396 • Fax: 914/365-8179
[email p o ec ed]
Louisiana S a e Uni e si y
h p://www.lsu.edu
H. Jesse Walke
Depa men o Geog aphy & An h opology
Louisiana S a e Uni e si y
Ba on Rouge, LA 70803-4105
Phone: 504/388-6130 • Fax: 504/388-4420
[email p o ec ed]
Geo ge M. S ain
Resea ch & G adua e S udies
Louisiana S a e Uni e si y
Ba on Rouge, LA 70803-4105
Phone: 504/388-5833 • Fax: 504/388-5983
[email p o ec ed]
Ma ine Biological Labo a o y
h p://www.mbl.edu
B uce J. Pe e son
The Ecosys ems Cen e
Ma ine Biological Labo a o y
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Phone: 508/289-7484 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
Knu e Nadelho e
add ess same as B uce J. Pe e son
Phone: 508/289-7493 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
The Cen e o No he n S udies
S e en Young
The Cen e o No he n S udies
479 C oss Road
Wolco , VT 05680-4088
Phone: 802/888-4331 • Fax: 802/888-3969
[email p o ec ed]
S e en Cox
add ess same as S e en Young
Phone: 802/888-4331 • Fax: 802/888-3969
[email p o ec ed]
Cold Regions Resea ch &
Enginee ing Labo a o y
h p://www.c el.usace.a my.mil
Deb a Meese
Snow & Ice Di ision
Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y
72 Lyme Road
Hano e , NH 03755-1290
Phone: 603/646-4594 • Fax: 603/646-4644
[email p o ec ed]
Wal e (Te y) Tucke , III
add ess same as Deb a Meese
Phone: 603/646-4268 • Fax: 603/646-4644
[email p o ec ed]
Da mou h College
h p://www.da mou h.edu
O an R. Young
Ins i u e o A c ic S udies
Da mou h College
6114 S eele Hall, Room 408A
Hano e , NH 03755-3577
Phone: 603/646-1278 • Fax: 603/646-1279
[email p o ec ed]
Ross A. Vi ginia
En i onmen al S udies P og am
Da mou h College
6182 S eele Hall
Hano e , NH 03755-3577
Phone: 603/646-1456 • Fax: 603/646-1682
[email p o ec ed]
Dese Resea ch Ins i u e
h p://www.d i.edu
Randy Bo ys
S o m Peak Labo a o y
Dese Resea ch Ins i u e
PO Box 770799
S eamboa Sp ings, CO 80477-0799
Phone: 970/879-8796 • Fax: 970/879-7819
[email p o ec ed]
Joseph R. McConnell
Wa e Resou ces Di ision
Dese Resea ch Ins i u e
2215 Raggio Pa kway
Reno, NV 89512
Phone: 775/673-7348 • Fax: 775/673-7363
[email p o ec ed]
Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709
ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es
(
con inued
)
ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2000
Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies
h p://www.sandia.go
Wayne Ein eld
En i onmen al Cha ac e iza ion &
Moni o ing Sys ems Depa men
Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies
PO Box 5800
Albuque que, NM 87185-0755
Phone: 505/845-8314 • Fax: 505/844-0968
[email p o ec ed]
Ma k D. I ey
add ess same as Wayne Ein eld
Phone: 505/845-9574 • Fax: 505/844-0116
[email p o ec ed]
Smi hsonian Ins i u ion
h p://www.si.edu
S ephen Lo ing
A c ic S udies Cen e
Depa men o An h opology
Smi hsonian Ins i u ion
10 h and Cons i u ion A enue, NW
Washing on, DC 20560
Phone: 202/357-4742 • Fax: 202/357-2684
[email p o ec ed]
A on L. C owell
Ancho age Museum o His o y & A
Smi hsonian A c ic S udies Cen e
Smi hsonian Ins i u ion
121 W. 7 h A enue
Ancho age, AK 99501
Phone: 907/343-6162 • Fax: 907/343-6130
[email p o ec ed]
Texas A&M Uni e si y
h p://www. amu.edu
Da id A. B ooks
College o Geosciences
Texas A&M Uni e si y
3148 CAMPUS
College S a ion, TX 77843-3148
Phone: 979/845-3651 • Fax: 979/845-0056
[email p o ec ed]
Mahlon C. Kennicu
Geochemical & En i onmen al Resea ch G oup
Texas A&M Uni e si y
833 G aham Road
College S a ion, TX 77845
Phone: 979/862-2323 • Fax: 979/862-2361
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age
h p://www.uaa.alaska.edu
Kim M. Pe e son
Depa men o Biological Sciences
Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age
3211 P o idence D i e
Ancho age, AK 99508
Phone: 907/786-4772 • Fax: 907/786-4607
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
h p://www.ua .edu
Roge W. Ruess
Ins i u e o A c ic Biology
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757000
Fai banks, AK 99775-7000
Phone: 907/474-7153 • Fax: 907/474-6967
[email p o ec ed]
Ted DeLaca
O ice o A c ic Resea ch
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757560
Fai banks, AK 99775-7560
Phone: 907/474-7314 • Fax: 907/474-1836
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Colo ado
h p://www.colo ado.edu
Amanda Lynch
CIRES/PAOS
Uni e si y o Colo ado
Campus Box 216
Boulde , CO 80309-0216
Phone: 303/492-5847 • Fax: 303/492-1149
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Massachuse s
h p://www.umass.edu
Julie B igham-G e e
Depa men o Geosciences
Uni e si y o Massachuse s
Campus Box 35820
Amhe s , MA 01003-5820
Phone: 413/545-4840 • Fax: 413/545-1200
[email p o ec ed]
Raymond S. B adley
add ess same as Julie B igham-G e e
Phone: 413/545-2120 • Fax: 413/545-1200
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Miami
h p://www.miami.edu
Pe e J. Minne
Rosens iel School o Ma ine &
A mosphe ic Science
Uni e si y o Miami
4600 Rickenbacke Causeway
Miami, FL 33149
Phone: 305/361-4104 • Fax: 305/361-4622
[email p o ec ed]
Za e Top
add ess same as Pe e J. Minne
Phone: 305/361-4110 • Fax: 305/361-4911
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Neb aska-Lincoln
h p://www.unl.edu
Ka l C. Kui inen
Snow & Ice Resea ch G oup
Uni e si y o Neb aska-Lincoln
2255 W. S ee , Sui e 101
Lincoln, NE 68583-0850
Phone: 402/472-9833 • Fax: 402/472-9832
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e
h p://www.unh.edu
Da id Ba le
Ins i u e o he S udy o Ea h,
Oceans, & Space
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e
Mo se Hall, 39 College Road
Du ham, NH 03824-3525
Phone: 603/862-0322 • Fax: 603/862-1915
[email p o ec ed]
Be ien Moo e, III
add ess same as Da id Ba le
Phone: 603/862-1766 • Fax: 603/862-0188
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Washing on
h p://www.washing on.edu
Ronald S. Sle en
Qua e na y Resea ch Cen e
Uni e si y o Washing on
Box 351360
Sea le, WA 98195-1360
Phone: 206/543-0571 • Fax: 206/543-3836
[email p o ec ed]
Jody W. Deming
School o Oceanog aphy
Uni e si y o Washing on
Box 357940
Sea le, WA 98195
Phone: 206/543-0845 • Fax: 206/543-0275
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison
h p://www.wisc.edu
Da id M. Mickelson
Depa men o Geology & Geophysics
Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison
1215 W. Day on S ee
Madison, WI 53711
Phone: 608/262-7863 • Fax: 608/262-0693
[email p o ec ed]
James G. Bockheim
Depa men o Soil Science
Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison
1525 Obse a o y D i e
Madison, WI 53706-1299
Phone: 608/263-5903
Fax: 608/265-2595
[email p o ec ed]
Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion
h p://www.whoi.edu
Susumu Honjo
Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Phone: 508/540-1162 • Fax: 508/540-9439
[email p o ec ed]
Richa d Pi enge
Ma ine Ope a ions
Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Phone: 508/289-2597 • Fax: 508/457-2185
[email p o ec ed]
ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2000
ARCUS • 907/474-1600 • Fax 907/474-1604 • [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.a cus.o g/
In e na ional A ilia es
Al ed Wegene Ins i u e o Pola &
Ma ine Resea ch
h p://www.awi-b eme ha en.de
Jö n Thiede
Al ed Wegene Ins i u e o Pola &
Ma ine Resea ch
Columbuss asse
D-27568 B eme ha en, Ge many
Phone: +49/471-4831-1100
Fax: +49/471-4831-1102
[email p o ec ed]
Raine Paulenz
add ess same as Jö n Thiede
Phone: +49/471-4831-1110
Fax: +49/471-4831-1102
[email p o ec ed]
Associa ion o Canadian Uni e si ies
o No he n S udies (ACUNS)
h p://aix1.uo awa.ca/associa ions/aucen-acuns
Pe e G. Johnson
Geog aphy Depa men
Uni e si y o O awa
PO Box 450, S a ion A
O awa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
Phone: 613/562-5800 ex . 1061
Fax: 613/562-5145
[email p o ec ed]
[email p o ec ed]
Michel Alla d
Cen e d’E udes No diques
Uni e si e La al
Pa illon Cha les DeKoninck (5268)
Sain e-Foy, QC G1K 7P4 Canada
Phone: 418/656-2512 • Fax: 418/656-3960
[email p o ec ed]
GEOMAR Resea ch Cen e o
Ma ine Geosciences
h p://www.geoma .de
Heidema ie Kassens
Resea ch Cen e o Ma ine Geosciences
GEOMAR
Wischho s asse 1-3, Geb 4
D-24148 Kiel, Ge many
Phone: +49/431-6002-850
Fax: +49/431-6002-941
[email p o ec ed]
McGill Uni e si y
h p://www.mcgill.ca
Ma ianne S enbaek
Cul u al S udies Depa men
McGill Uni e si y
853 She b ooke S ee
Mon eal, QC H3A 2T6 Canada
Phone: 514/398-6579 • Fax: 514/398-8146
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o No he n B i ish
Columbia
h p://www.unbc.ca
Ke in Hall
Geog aphy P og am
Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia
3333 Uni e si y Way
P ince Geo ge, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada
Phone: 250/960-5864 • Fax: 250/960-5538
[email p o ec ed]
Ka he ine Pa ke
Fo es y P og am
Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia
3333 Uni e si y Way
P ince Geo ge, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada
Phone: 250/960-5812 • Fax: 250/960-5539
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o T omsø
h p://www.adm.ui .no/s udie/ o eign/ind
Ing ild B och
Resea ch Depa men
Uni e si y o T omsø
N-9037 T omsø, No way
Phone: +47/7764-4262 • Fax: +47/7764-4900
[email p o ec ed]
F i s N. Jensen
Roald Amundsen Cen e o A c ic Resea ch
Uni e si y o T omsø
N-9037 T omsø, No way
Phone: +47/7764-5240 • Fax: +47/7767-6672
[email p o ec ed]
No wegian Pola Ins i u e
h p://www.npola .no
Ola O heim
Pola En i onmen al Cen e
No wegian Pola Ins i u e
Pola miljøsen e e
N-9296 T omsø, No way
Phone: +47/7775-0620
Fax: +47/7775-0501
[email p o ec ed]
Pål P es ud
Resea ch Depa men
No wegian Pola Ins i u e
Pola miljøsen e e
N-9296 T omsø, No way
Phone: +47/7775-0530
Fax: +47/7775-0501
[email p o ec ed]
Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e
h p://www.sp i.cam.ac.uk
Kei h S. Richa ds
Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e
Uni e si y o Camb idge
Lens ield Road
CB2 1ER Camb idge, UK
Phone: +44/1223-336-579
Fax: +44/1223-336-549
[email p o ec ed]
William J. Mills
add ess same as Kei h S. Richa ds
Phone: +44/1223-336-557
Fax: +44/1223-336-549
[email p o ec ed]
The Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d
(UNIS)
h p://www.unis.no
Lasse Lønnum
The Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d
PO Box 156
N-9171 Longyea byen, No way
Phone: +47/7902-3305
Fax: +47/7902-3301
[email p o ec ed]
T ond Dokken
Depa men o Geology
The Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d
PO Box 156
N-9171 Longyea byen, No way
Phone: +47/7902-3331
Fax: +47/7902-3301
[email p o ec ed]
Execu i e Di ec o
Wendy K. Wa nick
Business Manage
Alison A. Ca e
Execu i e Assis an
Diane Wallace
P ojec Manage s
Josh Klaude
Sue Mi chell
Alison Yo k
P ojec Coo dina o
Renée C ain
Indigenous Cu iculum Specialis
Sean Topkok
Accoun an
Ma ie Duncan
ARCUS S a