Witness the Arctic - Spring 2000, Volume 8 Number 1

1 con inued on nex page Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709 ARCTIC Ch onicles o he NSF A c ic Sciences P og am Sp ing 2000, Volume 8 Numbe 1 Na i e Obse a ions Cap u e Impac s o Sea Ice Changes by Hen y P. Hun ing on Many signs o change in he a c ic en i onmen ha e been iden i ied h ough scien i ic esea ch. Familia examples include a hinning o sea ice, ea lie g owing seasons on land, and ising empe a u es in pe ma os . O he signs o change ha e been obse ed by indigenous esiden s o he A c ic, who epo changes in sea-ice cha ac e is ics, a g ea e e- quency o ex eme wea he , and declines in he a ailabili y o body condi ion o some ma ine mammals. Caleb Pungowiyi, a Yup’ik Eskimo om Wes e n Alaska, exp essed his con- ce ns abou changes in ol ing a c ic ma ine mammals and he en i onmen in a No embe 1998 le e o he Ma ine Mammal Commission. Pungowiyi is a Special Ad iso on Na i e A ai s o he Commission, an independen ede al agency p o iding policy and p og am guidance o Cong ess and he Execu i e B anch on ma ine mammal conse a ion. Pungowiyi no ed ha he Na i e communi y had obse ed: • in many a eas, he sea ice has been o ela i ely poo quali y in ecen yea s; • o e he pas 30 yea s o so, Be ing Sea ice has become hinne , and i has been o ming la e and disin eg a ing o mel ing ea lie ; and • he e a e mo e b oken ice loes. These changes a ec he ma ine mammal species upon which Na i e communi ies ely o subsis ence. Fo example, wal us cal p oduc ion in poo ice yea s has been low. The e also is g owing conce n ha inged seals, which depend upon s able ice condi ions o success ully ea hei young and a e p incipal p ey o pola bea s, may decline in popula ion due o poo ice condi ions. Wi h hese conce ns in mind, he Ma ine Mammal Commission b ough oge he a oughly equal numbe o scien is s and knowledgeable ep esen a- i es o Alaska Na i e communi ies o a wo kshop on Impac s o Changes in Sea Ice and O he En i onmen al Pa ame e s in he A c ic. Suppo o his wo kshop also came om he Uni e si y o Alaska’s No h Paci ic Ma ine Resea ch Ini ia i e, he Na ional Ma ine Fishe ies Se ice, and he Na ional Oceanic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion’s O ice o Oceanic and A mosphe ic Resea ch. The pu poses o he wo kshop, held in Feb ua y 2000 in Gi dwood, Alaska we e: • o e iew, om bo h adi ional know- ledge and scien i ic pe spec i es, how changes in sea ice and o he en i on- men al pa ame e s may be a ec ing a c ic li ing esou ces and he indigenous cul u es and p ac ices ha depend upon hose esou ces; • o iden i y possible measu es ha can be aken o mi iga e he impac s o ealized and an icipa ed changes; and • o de elop a documen ha p o ides a compelling bluep in o ac ion by legisla o s, conse a ionis s, a c ic esiden s, and o he s. The combina ion o mul idisciplina y science and adi ional knowledge Se e al s udies ha e documen ed a dec ease in he ex en o sea ice in he no he n hemisphe e o e he pas 25 yea s (Vinniko e al. 19991). 1970 1980 1990 2000 Yea 13.0 12.5 12.0 11.5 11.0 Ice Ex en (in millions o squa e km) Chapman & Walsh (1993), upda ed Pa kinson e al. (1999), upda ed Bjo go e al. (1997) Ropelewski (1985), upda ed Zakha o (1997) 2 Fea u e A icle p o ided a s ong basis o add essing he challenges posed by en i onmen al change in he A c ic, and he e ec s ha hese changes may ha e had, and in some cases a e ha ing, on ma ine mammals and he Alaska Na i e way o li e. Wo kshop pa icipan s ecognized ha he e ec s o en i onmen al change a e al eady being seen in no he n Alaska and ha u he a en ion is wa an ed o assess and minimize he likely se e i y o u u e impac s. Al hough he wo kshop ocused la gely on he Alaskan A c ic, i s implica ions a e in e na ional in scope, because all a c ic egions ace simila chal- lenges ela ed o en i onmen al change. Se e al o he changes documen ed by scien is s ha e been epo ed be o e (e.g., wa ming o pe ma os , hinning o pack ice in he A c ic Ocean, mel ing o glacie s, ising sea le el). Changes obse ed by Elde s and Na i e hun e s, howe e , ha e no gene ally been widely epo ed. Examples o such obse a ions p esen ed a he wo kshop included shi s in ma ine mammal dis ibu ions and changes in he cha ac e is ics o sea ice and i s o ma ion. In Alaska, o example: • mo e humpback whales a e seen a Gambell in he Be ing Sea; • bowhead whales a e seen nea Dee ing in Ko zebue Sound; • ewe bea ded seals a e seen nea Dee ing; • popula ions o some bi d species (e.g., oldsquaws, sandpipe s) ha e declined in some a eas; • mul i-yea ice loes no longe d i sou h h ough he Be ing S ai o S . Law ence Island in he all; • a Ba ow, b eak up o sea ice is much ea lie han i used o be, occu ing now in June a he han July; and • sea wa e eezes only om he op a he han also on he bo om as i used o. (Bo om- o ming ice b ings sedimen s and nu ien s o he su ace when i b eaks ee and loa s.) Physical e ec s ha e been obse ed as well: • sandy beaches a e disappea ing on S . Law ence Island, as e osion inc eases because he e a e mo e s o ms and less sea ice o p o ec sho elines in he all. Obse a ions o his kind make clea he need o ca e ul ca aloguing o Na i e knowledge o he local en i onmen and he changes ha a e occu ing in i . Link- ing o he wise isola ed bi s o in o ma ion om di e en communi ies and o e ime can help iden i y signi ican ends and s imula e u he esea ch in o he causes o he obse ed changes. Wi h his in mind, he wo kshop’s ec- ommenda ions include se e al conce ning he need o mo e collabo a i e esea ch, buil on ue pa ne ships be ween coas al communi ies and esea che s. In pa icu- la , wo kshop pa icipan s ecommended de elopmen o a o mal plan in ol ing esiden s o coas al communi ies: • o sys ema ically eco d obse a ions o selec ed physical and biological pa am- e e s (e.g., ice condi ions, empe a u e, wind speed and di ec ion); and • o conduc beach su eys o coun , iden i y, and collec samples om s anded o beach-cas ma ine mammals, sea bi ds, and ish. Resul s o such local moni o ing p og ams would include g ea e commu- ni y in ol emen in clima e-change esea ch, imp o ed moni o ing, and enhanced quan i y and quali y o da a collec ed. Fo example: • Communi y-based moni o s can ack e en s ha canno be moni o ed by emo e ield s a ions (e.g., mig a ions, s andings). • T adi ional knowledge, d awing on obse a ions o phenomena o e ime pe iods a longe han hose o which scien i ic eco ds a e a ailable, can help iden i y ends and illumina e causal ela ionships among en i onmen al pa ame e s. • Such unde s anding o en i onmen al and ecological in e ac ions can help o c ea e and es hypo heses ega ding he likely impac s o clima e change. • Local in ol emen in moni o ing p o ides ano he a enue o iden i ying communi y conce ns and in ol ing local esiden s in decisions a ec ing he u u e o hei communi ies. O he wo kshop ecommenda ions add essed esea ch needs, policy, commu- nica ion, and educa ional ini ia i es o all g oups, including s uden s, educa o s, and decisionmake s. The pa icipan s ecom- mended using ongoing local and egional esea ch p og ams o in o m and exci e s uden s and o he s, and o encou age mo e Na i e s uden s o pu sue science ca ee s. The wo kshop epo will con ain he conclusions and ecommenda ions o he wo kshop, a summa y o he discussions held by b eak-ou g oups du ing he wo k- shop, and backg ound pape s desc ibing a ious aspec s o en i onmen al change in he A c ic. The epo is expec ed o be comple ed and a ailable by mid-2000. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Robe H. Ma lin, Assis an Scien i ic P og am Di ec o o he Ma ine Mammal Com- mission in Be hesda, MD (301/504-0087; ax 301/504-0099; m[email p o ec ed]). Hen y P. Hun ing on is owne o Hun- ing on Consul ing. He wo ks on a numbe o opics ela ed o a c ic esea ch and policy. Re e ences 1. Vinniko , K.Y., A. Robock, R.J. S ou e , J.E. Walsh, C.L. Pa kinson, D.J. Ca alie i, J.F.B. Mi chell, D. Ga e , and V.F. Zakha o . 1999. Global Wa ming and No he n Hemisphe e Sea Ice Ex en . Science 286:1934–1936. Wal us eed on he sea loo o he shallow con inen al shel . They es , ma e, and gi e bi h on sea ice. I he pack ice e ea s beyond he edge o he con inen al shel , as i has done in some ecen yea s, he wal us mus ei he swim g ea dis ances o each hei eeding g ounds o ind haulou s on land, ei he o which s esses he animals. (Pho o © Bill Hess, Running Dog Publica ions). 3 ARCSS P og am The S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH) p oposes o es ablish an o ganized esea ch p og am in es iga ing he sui e o changes docu- men ed in he A c ic o e he pas decade ha coincide wi h he inc easing A c ic Oscilla ion (AO) index, bu ha also coin- cide wi h inc easing human use o he A c ic’s esou ces (see Wi ness Sp ing/ Au umn 1999). An unde s anding o hese po en ially in e ela ed changes, collec i ely known as Onami, and hei implica ions will equi e a coo dina ed p og am o : • long- e m obse a ions, • modeling, • p ocess s udies, and • assessmen o p obable ecological and social impac s. Inc easingly, SEARCH is being ecog- nized in he la ge communi y o clima e- o ien ed esea ch and U.S. unding agen- cies. SEARCH was included as “ eady o immedia e a en ion” in he mos ecen e ision (Fall/Win e 1999) o he U.S. A c ic Resea ch Plan o he In e agency A c- ic Resea ch Policy Commi ee (IARPC). An In e agency Wo king G oup on SEARCH (IWGS) was es ablished and asked in Ma ch 2000. The Na ional Oce- anic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion (NOAA) chai s he wo king g oup. O he agencies ep esen ed include NSF, he Na ional Ae onau ics and Space Adminis- a ion, he En i onmen al P o ec ion A join wo king g oup will o e see he SEARCH-CLIVAR collabo a ion. Because SEARCH plans o include social and eco- logical aspec s o a c ic change ha a e ou side o he usual domain o CLIVAR, o ganiza ional decisions abou he collabo- a ion emain o be made. SEARCH has also ga ne ed in e na- ional suppo . Many o he key obse a- ions mus be made ou side he Uni ed S a es, o in wa e s bes eached om o he coun ies, necessi a ing in e na ional coope a ion. Thus a , he ollowing in e - na ional p og ams a e discussing collabo- a i e a angemen s wi h SEARCH: • he A c ic Clima e Sys em S udy (ACSYS; see h p://www.npola .no/ acsys/impplan/index.h m) and he Cli- ma e and C yosphe e P ojec (CLIC; h p://www.npola .no/acsys/CLIC/ clic_may2.pd ), which a e bo h pa o he WCRP (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999 and h p://www.wmo.ch/web/ wc p/wc p-home.h ml); and • he Va iabili y o Exchanges in No h- e n Seas P ojec (VEINS; h p:// www.i m.uni-hambu g.de/~ eins/), unded by he Eu opean Union. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he SEARCH web si e (h p://psc.apl. washing on.edu/sea ch), o con ac Jamie Mo ison in Sea le, WA (206/543-1394; ax 206/616-3142; mo ison@apl. washing on.edu). SEARCH Gains In e agency and In e na ional Recogni ion Agency, and Depa men s o De ense and Ene gy. Du ing he nex se e al mon hs, he IWGS plans o de elop an in e agency plan o he conduc o SEARCH ac i i- ies, wi h he ollowing en a i e imeline: • An implemen a ion plan o Fiscal Yea (FY) 2001, including plans o collabo- a i e p ojec s in es iga ing ocean luxes (see page 21) and imp o ed modeling o ocean/a mosphe e in e ac ions, was sen o IARPC a he end o June 2000; • A summa y o agency budge eques s o suppo SEARCH ac i i ies in FY 2002 will be p epa ed o he O ice o Man- agemen and Budge by Decembe 2000; • The in e agency SEARCH science plan and a p oposed coo dina ed in e agency budge eques o FY 2003 is expec ed o be comple ed by Feb ua y 2001. In addi ion, he U.S. componen o he Clima e Va iabili y and P edic abili y (CLIVAR) p og am has endo sed SEARCH as he a c ic componen o i s e o . CLIVAR is an in e disciplina y esea ch p og am wi hin he Wo ld Cli- ma e Resea ch P og amme (WCRP) ocusing on he a iabili y and p edic abil- i y o he slowly a ying componen s o he clima e sys em (see h p://www.soc. so on.ac.uk/CLIVAR). CLIVAR in es i- ga es physical p ocesses in he clima e sys em ha occu on seasonal, in e annual, decadal, and cen ennial ime scales. The A c ic Sys em Science (ARCSS) Commi ee (AC) p o ides guidance on behal o he a c ic esea ch communi y o he ARCSS P og am o ensu e i s long- e m ele ance and iabili y in ligh o new esul s and science p io i ies. The AC is pu suing a ious ac i i ies o iden i y new ini ia i es and ad ance in eg a ion (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999). The AC is planning o an ARCSS- wide All-Hands mee ing in la e 2001, wi h goals including iden i ica ion o ARCSS esea ch oppo uni ies ha will add ess ques ions abou sys em in e ac ions h ough in e disciplina y modeling e o s and ac i e in ol emen o young in es iga o s. Wo king wi h Rudy Dich l, who e- cen ly eplaced Ma C oss as he Da a Manage a he ARCSS Da a Coo dina- ion Cen e (ADCC) a he Na ional Snow and Ice Da a Cen e , he AC helped o de elop a use su ey o e alua e he pas da a managemen o ADCC and ARCSS and o ga he sugges ions o im- p o emen s. The su ey is a ailable a h p://a css.colo ado.edu/ques ionnai e. The AC o e saw publica ion o a new b ochu e, Unde s anding Global Change in he A c ic (see Publica ions, page 27), designed o assis esea che s in educa ion and ou each e o s by in oducing a b oad gene al audience o he ARCSS P o- g am and he signi icance o global change in he egion. Fo mo e in o ma ion on he ARCSS P og am, see he ARCSS web si e (h p:// www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/sys em.h m) o con ac P og am Di ec o Mike Ledbe e (703/292-8029; ax 703/282- 9082; [email p o ec ed]) o AC Chai Jack K use (413/367-2240; ax 413/367- 0092; [email p o ec ed]). ARCSS Commi ee Encou ages In o ma ion Exchange 4 ARCSS P og am OAII Resea che s Visi USCGC Healy and Plan Resea ch A c ic oceanog aphe s con e ged on he inne ha bo o Bal imo e in Ma ch 2000 o isi he Coas Gua d’s new esea ch iceb eake , he USCGC Healy (see page 24 and Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999). The isi o s included colleagues om he Uni e si y-Na ional Oceano- g aphic Labo a o y Sys em (UNOLS) and he A c ic Iceb eake Coo dina ing Com- mi ee (AICC), bo h di ec ly in ol ed in he de elopmen o he Healy’s scien i ic capabili ies, and pe sonnel om NSF and he O ice o Na al Resea ch (ONR), and ARCSS Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac- ions (OAII) scien is s. Shel Basin In e ac ions (SBI) Fo y SBI Phase I p incipal in es iga- o s (PIs), co-PIs, pos doc o al and g adu- a e s uden s, and NSF and ONR science manage s me in Bal imo e o discuss ini- ial esul s om SBI Phase I s udies. A po ion o he mee ing held on he Healy included ou s o he imp essi e new a c ic esea ch pla o m and scien i ic p esen a- ions in a pos e session o ganized by he AICC (see page 24). Pa icipan s sha ed in o ma ion abou shel -basin p ocesses in he Wes e n A c ic Ocean, including: • wa e -mass anspo and cha ac e is ics, • biogeochemical cha ac e is ics in wa e and sedimen s, • highe and lowe biological popula ions and dynamics, and • modeling esul s o in e disciplina y da a se s. Resea ch esul s include: • e idence o signi ican ecen changes in he Paci ic and A lan ic in lows in o he A c ic Ocean; • ecen ecological changes in Paci ic Wa e s en e ing he A c ic; and • e idence o majo empe a u e changes du ing he Holocene in he Wes e n A c ic. A summa y o he p esen a ions and abs ac s is a ailable on he SBI web si e (h p://u k-biogw.bio.u k.edu/sbi.ns ). Pa icipan s also discussed he d a SBI Phase II implemen a ion plan o ield wo k o begin in Sp ing 2002. In la e Ma ch 2000, he SBI Science S ee ing Commi ee me o inalize he SBI Phase II implemen a ion plan which will o m he basis o an NSF Announce- men o Oppo uni y expec ed in Janua y 2001. Resul s o his mee ing include: • es uc u ing o he c oss-disciplina y SBI objec i es unde h ee headings— Inpu o he Be ing S ai Region, T ans o ma ions in he Resea ch Box, and Ou pu o he A c ic Basin; • ocusing he p og am in o a de ined s udy a ea on he ou e shel -slope o he Chukchi and Beau o seas, wi h se ansec lines o su ey and p ocess- ype s udies; • designa ion o moo ing ins umen a- ion, and su ey and p ocess da a equi emen s; • u he de elopmen o goals o an in e na ional pan-a c ic mee ing o be held 7–9 No embe 2000 nea A lan a, Geo gia; • de elopmen o a ield plan including in ense seasonal ield sampling in 2002 and 2004, and mo e limi ed seasonal sampling in 2003 and 2005 on selec ansec s; and • ecommenda ions o he SBI Phase II Announcemen o Oppo uni y. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he SBI web si e (h p://u k-biogw.bio.u k.edu/sbi.ns ), o con ac SBI co-chai s Jackie G ebmeie a he SBI P ojec O ice in Knox ille, TN (865/974-2592; ax 865/974-3067; jg eb @u kux.u k.edu) and Te y Whi ledge in Fai banks, AK (907/474-7229; ax 907/ 474-5863; [email p o ec ed]). Su ace Hea Budge o he A c ic Ocean P og am (SHEBA) Du ing he SHEBA Field Expe imen in 1997–98, esea che s ga he ed a yea - long da a se ha documen s key clima e- o ming p ocesses in a column ex ending om he uppe halocline in he A c ic Ocean o he op o he a c ic a mosphe e (see Wi ness Au umn 1998). A summa y o ini ial da a and esul s om he Field Expe imen was published in he 12 Oc o- be 1999 issue o EOS (“Yea on Ice Gi es Clima e Insigh s,” . 80, No. 41). SHEBA da a se s a e a ailable on he web si e main ained by he Join O ice o Science Suppo (JOSS) (h p://www.joss.uca . edu/cgi-bin/codiac/ds_p oj? SHEBA). JOSS is coo dina ing he collec ion and exchange o ield da a. The Na ional Snow and Ice Da a Cen e (see Wi ness Au umn 1996) will con inue o a chi e SHEBA da a as pa o ARCSS Da a Coo dina ion. The Jou nal o Geophysical Resea ch— Oceans will publish a special olume emphasizing SHEBA s udies. Resea che s a e encou aged o submi bo h obse a- ional and heo e ical pape s. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Don Pe o ich in Hano e , NH (603/646-4255; ax 603/ 646-4644; [email p o ec ed]). In Ap il 2000, SHEBA and he Na ional A mosphe ic and Space Adminis- a ion (NASA) held a join wo kshop in Boulde , Colo ado on he A c ic Cloud Expe imen conduc ed by he NASA FIRE (Fi s ISCCP Regional Expe imen ) p o- g am in collabo a ion wi h he SHEBA Field Expe imen (see Wi ness Augus 1994). The wo kshop included: • p esen a ion o esul s om SHEBA Phase II, • wo king g oup sessions on key p ocesses ha a ec he hea budge and clima e o he A c ic Ocean, and • planning o in e disciplina y esea ch du ing Phase III. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see h p://eosweb. la c.nasa.go /ACEDOCS/wo kshop/. The SHEBA P ojec is nea ing he end o Phase II (1997–2000) and looks ahead o i s hi d and inal phase (2000–02). Phase III o SHEBA will ocus on model- ing, syn hesis, and in eg a ion o SHEBA da a se s o elucida e a c ic clima e eed- backs and de elop imp o ed o mula ions o a c ic p ocesses in global clima e models (see h p://www.ns .go /cgi-bin/ ge pub?ns 0019). Phase III p ojec s a e unde way in Summe 2000. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he SHEBA web si e (h p://sheba.apl.washing on. edu), o con ac Richa d Mo i z a he SHEBA P ojec O ice in Sea le, WA (206/543-8023; ax 206/543-3521; [email p o ec ed]). Fo mo e in o ma ion abou OAII, see he OAII web si e (h p://a css-oaii. hpl.umces.edu), o con ac Lou Codispo i o Jane Hawkey a he Uni e si y o Ma yland’s Ho n Poin Lab (410/221- 8479; ax 410/221-8390; codispo @hpl. umces.edu, [email p o ec ed]). 5 ARCSS P og am LAII P epa es o he 2000 Field Season In Ma ch 2000, ATLAS esea che s Ma hew S u m, Jon Holmg en, Glen Lis on (abo e), and Ken Tape comple ed a 350-mile ansec ac oss he No h Slope o Alaska om I o uk o Ba ow, Alaska. Thei ield epo eads, in pa : “The pu pose o he a e se was o es he hypo hesis ha he e a e egional pa e ns o snow cha ac e is ics, like dep h and densi y, on he A c ic Slope, and ha hese pa e ns ake he o m o b oad eas -wes bands con olled by he opog aphy. We also wan ed o es whe he he pa e ns o snow dis ibu ion we had obse ed in ou Kupa uk Basin a e ses (1994–1997) could be applied u he o he wes . P elimina y examina ion o he da a... sugges s ha he Kupa uk pa e ns a e epea ed in ema kable de ail in he wes , and ha hese pa e ns a e indeed con olled by he in e ac ion o s o ms wi h he egional geog aphy. This is good news, because i means ha ex apola ion o ou snow esul s ac oss he en i e A c ic Slope is possible” (pho o by Ma hew S u m). The ARCSS Land-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (LAII) P og am, ini ia ed in 1991, cu en ly unds s udies in wo p incipal hema ic a eas: •A c ic T ansi ions in he Land- A mosphe e Sys em (ATLAS) is a coo dina ed p og am o examine he geog aphical pa e ns and con ols o e clima e-land su ace exchange, and o de elop scena ios o u u e change in he A c ic (see Wi ness Au umn 1998). Ele en p ojec s we e unded in 1998–99; eigh a e conduc ing ieldwo k in 2000. •The In e na ional Tund a Expe imen (ITEX). ITEX is a collabo a ion among in es iga o s om nine coun ies o examine he e ec s o inc eased summe empe a u e on und a ege a ion (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999). ITEX esea che s in No h Ame ica ha e in eg a ed hei esea ch p ojec s in o a collabo a i e p og am known as he No h Ame ican Tund a Expe imen (NATEX), which now includes in es iga o s om he Uni ed S a es and Canada. Fi e NATEX p ojec s a e conduc ing ieldwo k in 2000. In addi ion o hese hema ic esea ch p o- g ams, se e al esea ch p ojec s a e unded o in es iga e a ange o opics pe inen o LAII goals, including: • he ole o clima e ac o s on ca bon and nu ien up ake by und a oo sys ems; • ca bon s o age and he his o y o pea o ma ion in d ained haw-lake basins; • compa ison o ac o s con olling ca bon lux om acidic s. non-acidic ypes o und a; • impac s o an h opogenic dis u bance on und a land-co e ; and • ac o s in luencing pe ma os condi ions and spa ial a iabili y. ITEX Plans ITEX con inues o expand in No h Ame ica as well as in he Eu opean Union and Russia, al hough he h ee egions ha e e y di e en wo king condi ions, poli ical cons ain s, and po en ial unding oppo uni ies. ITEX will hold i s 10 h annual wo kshop F om Decade o Millen- nium in Sweden, 22–25 Sep embe 2000 (see page 27) and a syn hesis wo kshop in ea ly 2001 o analyze ITEX da a on changes in communi y composi ion. Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he 2001 mee ing, con ac Ma ilyn Walke in Fai - banks, AK (907/474-2424; ax 907/474- 6251; [email p o ec ed]). Fo mo e in o ma ion abou ITEX, con ac ITEX Chai Philip Wookey in Uppsala, Sweden (+46/18471-2521; ax +46/1855-5920; [email p o ec ed]) o Gab ielle S ockmann a he Sec e a ia in Copenhagen, Denma k (+45/3288-0118; ax +45/3288-0101; [email p o ec ed]). LAII Science Wo kshop The annual LAII Science Wo kshop con ened in Sea le, Washing on in Feb- ua y 2000 wi h 100 esea che s, g adua e s uden s, NSF manage s, logis ics p o id- e s, and da a-managemen pe sonnel in a endance. Pa icipan s: • communica ed esea ch esul s; • discussed u u e syn hesis ac i i ies; • planned o add ess he NSF Biocom- plexi y in he En i onmen ini ia i e (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999); • me wi h pe sonnel om VECO Pola Resou ces, he new a c ic logis ics con ac o , o plan he 2000 ield season; • in e ac ed wi h a new da a-managemen eam including Rudy Dich l, he new ARCSS Da a Manage a he Na ional Snow and Ice Da a Cen e (NSIDC); and Jim Moo e, Dick Di ks, and G eg S ossmeis e om he Join O ice o Science Suppo (JOSS) a he Uni e - si y Cen e o A mosphe ic Resea ch. JOSS suppo s he ongoing da a-collec- ion and da a-exchange e o s o ATLAS, while NSIDC is esponsible o da a a chi ing and long- e m access. The LAII Science S ee ing Commi ee has ou new membe s: B ad G i i h (Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks), Ga y Ko inas (Da mou h College), And ea Lloyd (Middlebu y College), and Gus Sha e (Ma ine Biological Labo a o y). Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he LAII web si e (h p://www.laii.ua .edu/), o con ac Pa icia A. Ande son a he LAII Science Managemen O ice in Fai banks, AK (907/474-5415; ax 907/474-6722; [email p o ec ed]). 6 PARCS P ojec s Facili a e Syn hesis and Da ing RAISE Sponso s A c ic Coas al Dynamics Wo kshop ARCSS P og am An unde s anding o he pas beha io o he Ea h’s clima e sys em is essen- ial o unde s anding p esen and possible u u e condi ions. Fo his eason, in 1999, NSF consolida ed suppo o such esea ch in he Paleoen i onmen al A c ic Sciences (PARCS) ini ia i e wi hin he Ea h Sys ems His o y (ESH) P og am (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999). The PARCS S ee ing Commi ee (SC) me o he i s ime in Oc obe 1999. I s goal is o suppo he b oad-based U.S. a c ic paleoen i onmen al communi y by: • p o iding da a-managemen se ices, • acili a ing scien i ic ac i i ies h ough he unding o small wo kshops; • p o iding access o Accele a o Mass Spec ome y (AMS) adioca bon p epa- a ion and da ing se ices; and • de eloping u u e esea ch p io i ies ia science mee ings. PARCS esea ch includes a b oad ange o Qua e na y paleoen i onmen al p o- jec s in he A c ic and suba c ic, including s udies o mode n p ocesses and calib a- ions ha a e paleoen i onmen ally o i- en ed. The 1999 PARCS documen , The A c ic Paleosciences in he Con ex o Global Change Resea ch, desc ibes cu en esea ch di ec ions. PARCS esea ch is unded o co- unded by ESH, ARCSS, and he A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am (see page 11). The SC in ends, howe e , o se e a c ic paleoen i onmen al esea che s in he U.S. communi y and hei in e na ional collabo a o s, ega dless o hei sou ce o unding. PARCS is commi ed o p omo ing syn hesis o a c ic p oxy da a and da a- model compa isons (e.g., BIOME 6000, Ci cum-A c ic PaleoEn i onmen s [CAPE] and i s Paleoen i onmen al A las, he Paleoclima e Modeling In e compa ison P ojec , he PARCS da abase). PARCS esea che s a e obliga ed o a chi e hei da a wi h he PARCS da abase; o he esea che s can also do so and bene i om da a a chi es s o ed he e. The da a manage (Ma Du all, Uni e si y o Washing on) is a ailable o assis wi h: • a chi ing da a se s; and • c ea ing syn he ic and alue-added da a se s o use in modeling, da a-model compa isons, and o he esea ch. PARCS- unded p ojec s ha e access, h ough ESH, o he AMS- adioca bon p epa a ion acili y a he Uni e si y o Colo ado and o he leading AMS-da ing labo a o ies; hese ea u es educe u n- a ound ime and cos s o PARCS in es i- ga o s. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Sco Lehman (303/492-8980; ax 303/ 492-6388; [email p o ec ed]). In June 2000, PARCS esea che s a ended a CAPE mee ing in Iceland on unde s anding he ole o a c ic sea ice in he a c ic and global clima e sys ems. Fo mo e in o ma on, see he PARCS web si e (h p://www.ngdc.noaa.go /paleo/ pa cs/index.h ml), o con ac SC co-chai s Ma y Edwa ds in T ondheim, No way (+47/7359-1915; ax +47/7359-1878; [email p o ec ed]) and Mike Re elle in Lewis on, ME (207/786-6155; ax 207/786-8334; [email p o ec ed]). In No embe 1999, a p ojec unded by he Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on Shel -Land En i onmen s (RAISE) b ough 45 pa icipan s om Canada, Ge many, Russia, and he U.S. o Woods Hole, Massachuse s o a wo kshop on A c ic Coas al Dynamics (ACD). The RAISE p og am was ini ia ed in 1995 o acili a e collabo a i e esea ch be ween Russian and Ame ican scien is s on p ocesses and e en s in e es ial, shel , and ocean en i onmen s in no he n Eu asia (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999). The ACD wo kshop con ened unde he auspices o he In e na ional Pe ma os Associa ion’s (IPA) Coas al and O sho e Pe ma os Wo king G oup. The 200,000-km coas al ma gin o he A c ic Ocean is he dynamic in e ace be ween pe ma os - ich e es ial eco- sys ems and shallow con inen al shel es, which comp ise 30% o he a ea o he A c ic Ocean and app oxima ely 20% o he wo ld’s con inen al shel a ea. These highly a iable coas lines a e key compo- nen s o he a c ic sys em and si es o mos human ac i i y ha occu s a high la i udes. Li le is known, howe e , abou sedimen sou ces and anspo a es along he a c ic coas line, such as ela i e amoun s o sedimen de i ed om coas al e osion s. i e discha ge. Such da a a e necessa y o in e p e ing geological his o y and p e- dic ing he esponse o a c ic coas s and shel es o changes in clima e and sea le el. While local and egional s udies ha e p o ided insigh in o high-la i ude sedi- men budge s, no a emp s ha e been made o syn hesize and expand in es iga- ions o encompass he A c ic. As a i s s ep, esea che s me o de elop in e na- ional s anda ds o mapping and measu ing high-la i ude coas s and hei dynamics. Pa icipan s: • de eloped a classi ica ion sys em o high-la i ude coas s based on mo phol- ogy and ma e ials, and iden i ied speci ic egions o p o o ype mapping; • enume a ed he p ima y o cing pa am- e e s o coas al change in he A c ic; • ag eed upon me hods o es ima ing and mapping olumes o g ound-ice; • p oposed ools and echniques o long- e m moni o ing, including di ec in ol emen o local communi ies. P og ess om he ACD wo kshop was p esen ed a he Lap e Sea con e ence in Russia in No embe 1999, he AGU Fall 1999 Mee ing in he U.S., and he In e na- ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC) mee ing in Ap il 2000 (see page 20). The ACD P og am has been accep ed as an o icial IASC-IPA ac i i y. IASC will und an in i ed wo kshop in Fall 2000 o de elop a science and implemen a ion plan. Fo mo e in o ma ion on he ACD P og am, see he ACD web si e (h p://www. awi-po sdam.de/www-po /geo/acd.h ml). Fo mo e in o ma ion on RAISE, con- ac Vladimi Romano sky in Fai banks, AK (907/474-7459; ax 907/474-7290; [email p o ec ed]). 7 ARCSS P og am Wo kshop on Whaling Compa es Pas wi h P esen James Sa elle (McGill Uni e si y) measu es a bowhead whale skull a he Pingasug uk si e, no h o Wainw igh , Alaska; he mo phome ic measu es indica e ha Eskimo whale s p e e en ially a ge ed ju enile whales when hun ing (pho o by Allen McCa ney). T adi ionally, whale hun ing has been a majo subsis ence ac i i y o coas al Na i e socie ies o he Wes e n A c ic, and i emains a p ima y ocus oday along he coas s o Alaska and Chuko ka. Na i es o his egion ha e sys ema ically used baleen whales (p incipally bowheads and g ays) o a leas he pas millennium and p ob- ably much o he p eceding millennium. In Ma ch 2000, he ARCSS and A c ic Social Sciences p og ams join ly sponso ed a wo kshop in Ancho age, Alaska on Na i e Whaling in he Wes e n A c ic: De elopmen , Sp ead, and Responses o Changing En i onmen s. Twen y social and na u al scien is s om Canada, England, Russia, Swi ze land, and he Uni ed S a es, as well as ep esen a i es om he Na i e communi ies o Ba ow, Gambell, Li le Diomede, Poin Hope, and Wales, dis- cussed p ehis o ic and his o ic whaling and esponses o en i onmen al change. Nume ous pa icipan s s essed he im- po ance o in eg a ing adi ional knowl- edge wi h scien i ic da a du ing wo kshop sessions ocused on: • En i onmen al Change and Whaling o e he Pas Two Millennia, • Bowhead Whales and hei P eda ion, • P ehis o ic and His o ic Whale Hun ing, and • Con empo a y Whaling Pa e ns. Discussions o en i onmen al change and whaling co e ed ecen ends in a mo- sphe ic ci cula ion and associa ed impli- ca ions o sea-ice ex en and empe a u e anomalies (see pages 1 and 3) o immedia e conce n o con empo a y Eskimo whale s acing en i onmen al unce ain y and changes. In he longe e m, a e ospec- i e compa ison o he 2000-yea eco d o Be ing Sea s o ms wi h he his o y o Eskimo cul u es shows ha pe iods o inc eased s o miness ha e co esponded wi h expansion o whaling ac i i y a si es along he Alaskan coas and pe haps also wi h he ise o majo Eskimo cul u es. Th ee impo an and in e ela ed pe - spec i es unde lie a de eloping unde - s anding o he na u e o bowhead whales, hei p eda ion, and he consequen e olu- ion o Na i e whaling socie ies: • he in luence o en i onmen al condi- ions on access o whales (e.g., wind speed and di ec ion, as -ice pa e ns in he sp ing); • he a chaeological eco d (e.g., whale biology, a i ac echnologies); and • he Na i e whale s hemsel es. Con em- po a y whale s om Diomede and Wales discussed issues o en i onmen al change and ma ine pollu ion ela ed o esou ce ex ac ion and ou ism. Sessions on p ehis o ic whaling pa - e ns ocused on whale s’ selec ion o spe- cies and size cha ac e is ics o e ime on bo h sides o he Be ing S ai . This his- o y is ele an oday as mode n commu- ni ies espond o quo as imposed by he In e na ional Whaling Commission. Addi- ionally, he p oximi y o Wales o Sibe ia was shown o be pi o al in he a i al and sp ead o whaling adi ions in Alaska. Discussion o con empo a y whaling ocused on se e al dimensions o adi- ional whaling socie ies including: • he shee su i al o he whaling adi ion, exp essed in in e iews wi h illage elde s om Gambell and Li le Diomede; • changes in communi y social o ganiza- ion, e lec ed, o example, in changes in he na u e o he qalgi (communi y houses) in Iñupia communi ies; and • changes in adi ional economic sys ems ela ed o whaling on he no h coas o Alaska. Maggie Ahmaogak, Execu i e Di ec o o he Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission (AEWC), s essed he ole o he AEWC in he p ese a ion o Na i e whaling in he en communi ies ha i ep esen s. Two impo an o e a ching issues eme ged om he wo kshop: • na u al scien is s should communica e hei indings o Na i e communi ies in ways ha aid he de elopmen o solu- ions o local en i onmen al conce ns; and • na u al and social scien is s should assis he communi ies wi h ga he ing scien- i ic and his o ic in o ma ion ela ed o he de elopmen o Na i e whaling in he wes e n Alaskan A c ic. Acco ding o pa icipan s, hese wo conce ns a e key o achie ing a mo e comp ehensi e unde s anding o Na i e Eskimo whaling socie ies and hei esponses o en i onmen al changes. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac John Dixon in Faye e ille, AR (501/575-5808; ax 501/575-2642; [email p o ec ed]. edu), Allen McCa ney in Faye e ille, AR (501/575-6374; ax 501/575-6595; apm@ comp.ua k.edu), o Roge Ha i in Ancho age, AK (907/257-2704; ax 907/ 257-2707; [email p o ec ed]). 8 A c ic Social Sciences P og am The mul idisciplina y and in e discipli- na y A c ic Social Sciences P og am encompasses all social sciences esea ch suppo ed by NSF. A c ic socie ies ha e expe ienced nume ous ans o ma ions and ansi ions o e he millennia. The A c ic Social Sci- ences P og am suppo s esea ch ha documen s and analyzes he dynamic cul u es, economies, and echnologies o An In oduc ion o he A c ic Social Sciences P og am Inui people ha e li ed in he a c ic en i onmen o mo e han 1000 yea s, obse ing and passing on knowledge abou he egion’s clima e. To explo e he alue o his in o ma ion in he con ex o a c ic clima e change, he A c ic Social Sciences P og am is unding wo k on Inui knowl- edge o clima e and clima e change in he eas e n Canadian A c ic. The p incipal in es iga o s o his mul i-yea p ojec a e Roge Ba y, Di ec- o o he Na ional Snow and Ice Da a Cen e , and geog aphy Ph.D. s uden Sha i Fox o he Coope a i e Ins i u e o Resea ch in En i onmen al Sciences, bo h a he Uni e si y o Colo ado a Boulde . Ba y b ings subs an ial knowledge o he physical en i onmen and clima e in he eas e n Canadian A c ic; Fox app oaches he wo k wi h a backg ound in bo h human and physical geog aphy, as well as se e al yea s o wo king wi h Inui people. Toge he , hey will documen Inui clima e knowledge h ough in e iews, pa icipan obse a ion, and con en analysis o a chi ed o al his o ies. Wea he is gene ally he p incipal de e mining ac o o daily ac i i y o he Inui ; o his eason, i is pe haps he mos closely obse ed o all na u al phenomena. Residen s o he A c ic ha e de eloped an acu e awa eness o clima e and wea he p ocesses, a iabili y, and change. Clima e change and i s impac s ha e become an u gen conce n o Inui communi ies. Repo s om he 1996 Inui Ci cumpola Con e ence1 and esea ch by Fox documen Inui obse a ions o en i onmen al changes including: P ojec Documen s Inui Knowledge o Clima e Change no he n popula ions. F om s udies o ancien wo lds ( h ough a chaeology and physical an h opology) o in es iga ions o con empo a y and apidly shi ing a c ic socie ies ( h ough sociology and poli ical science), a c ic social scien is s compa e how di e en communi ies shape and a e shaped by hei en i onmen . Cu en ly he A c ic Social Sciences P og am suppo s abou 40 esea ch p ojec s. Se e al no ewo hy p ojec s sup- po ed by he A c ic Social Sciences P o- g am a e highligh ed on his and he ol- lowing wo pages. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic Social Sciences P og am web si e (h p:// www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/social.h m) o con ac P og am Manage Fae Ko smo in A ling on, VA (703/292-8029; ax 703/ 282-9082; [email p o ec ed]). • changes in he iming o seasonal cycles and seasonal cha ac e is ics, • poo ege a ion g ow h, • changes in ai empe a u e, • changes in he iming o sea-ice b eakup and eeze-up, • mo e ain e en s in win e , • inc easing winds and s o m equency, • changes in sea-ice dis ibu ion, and • discolo a ion o sea ice. Communi y inpu in o he design and implemen a ion o he esea ch is an impo an aspec o his p ojec . In Sp ing and Summe 2000, p elimina y mee ings and in e iews in he ou communi ies pa icipa ing in he p ojec —Igloolik, Iqalui , Bake Lake, and Clyde Ri e , all in he e i o y o Nuna u in he eas e n Canadian A c ic—a e helping o es ablish local needs and objec i es o he esea ch. Du ing se e al ex ended isi s in bo h summe and win e , esea che s an icipa e: • in e iewing Inui hun e s, Elde s, and o he communi y membe s; • spending ime wi h Inui a hun ing camps and a eling on sea ice, which will p o ide aluable oppo uni ies o discuss wea he in con ex ; • using pho og aphy and ideo o help documen Inui unde s anding o wea he phenomena and changes h ough ime; and • using maps, ae ial pho os, sa elli e image y, and map o e lays as a basis o discussion, and o documen obse ed changes in sea-ice dis ibu ion and cha ac e is ics, as well as snow co e . Inui knowledge o empe a u e, sea-ice dis ibu ion, and ex eme wea he e en s can be c oss- e e enced and calib a ed wi h eco ds om wea he s a ions and sa elli es. Fo ins ance, Jacobs e al. (1974)2 no ed ha ice condi ions in 1972, an unusually cold yea , “we e he wo s in li ing memo y o he Eskimo [sic] popula ion o B ough on Island.” Anomalous mild clima e e en s in he ea ly 1950s also o e impo an oppo u- ni ies o explo e he ex en o which Inui clima e knowledge may be able o con i m ins umen al clima e da a, and augmen con empo a y unde s anding o hese e en s and subsequen impac s. Fu he - mo e, maps compiled by hun e s and Elde s p e-da ing scien i ic obse a ions may be able o ex end he sea-ice eco d. This p ojec will con ibu e o a g ea e unde s anding o how a c ic clima e has changed h ough ime and a ec ed he en i onmen . I will also p o ide a model o coope a ion ha may be applicable in in e ac ions wi h indigenous popula ions h oughou he ci cuma c ic egion and in wide esea ch opics. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Roge Ba y in Boulde , CO (303/492-5488; ax 303/492-2468; [email p o ec ed]. edu) o Sha i Fox (303/492-6115; ax 303/492-2468; [email p o ec ed]. edu). Re e ences 1. Inui Ci cumpola Con e ence. 1996. The silenced Inui s a emen . ECO Newsle e #7. 2. Jacobs, J.D., R.G. Ba y, R.S. B adley, and R.L. Wea e . 1974. S udies o clima e and ice condi ions in eas e n Ba in Island, 1971–73. Occasional pape 9, Ins i u e o A c ic and Alpine Resea ch, Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde . 78 pp. 9 A c ic Social Sciences P og am Gene ic Analysis In es iga es Aleu P ehis o y The a chaeological eco d o he Aleu ian Islands is ma ked by an ab up ansi ion in he shapes o he ea ly inhabi an s’ skulls. The ea lies people had long, na ow c ania ypical o empe a e- clima e popula ions. App oxima ely 1000 yea s ago, howe e , hese we e eplaced by b oade , sho e , and ounde c ania mo e ypical o con empo a y No h Ame ican a c ic popula ions. This ab up mo phological shi was i s desc ibed by Ales H dlicka o he Na ional Museum o Na u al His o y, a pionee o Ame ican physical an h opol- ogy. H dlicka a ibu ed his ansi ion o a popula ion- eplacemen e en , while his s uden William Laughlin a gued o popula ion gene ic con inui y ac oss he ansi ion o mo e ounded skulls. Molecula echniques a e now being used o dis inguish be ween hese hypo h- eses. Dennis O’Rou ke and Geo ey Hayes, an h opological gene icis s a he Uni e si y o U ah, a e examining pa e ns o gene ic a ia ion in emains ha we e eco e ed by H dlicka and his s uden s in he la e 1930s om he Chaluka midden a Nikolski on Umnak Island, wo ca es on Kagamil Island, and a hi d ca e on Ship Rock Island. Pe mission o collec and analyze hese ma e ials has been g an ed by he Aleu Co po a ion, he Aleu ian and P ibilo Islands Associa ion, and he Chaluka Co po a ion. To da e, O’Rou ke and Hayes ha e e ie ed mi o- chond ial DNA (m DNA) samples om emains o 35 indi iduals. The mi ochond ial DNAs o Na i e Ame icans sepa a e p ima ily in o ou haplog oups, o lineages, de ined by a spe- ci ic se o gene ic ma ke s in ou egions o he m DNA. Al hough ini ial sample sizes in he Aleu ian s udy a e small, O’Rou ke and Hayes’ p elimina y compa isons ound no subs an ial di e ences in haplog oup equencies in p e- and pos - ansi ion popula ions o be ween si es. These ea ly esul s sugges ha he mo phological ansi ion in skull shape was no due o a popula ion eplacemen . By he end o 2002, mo e han 150 p ehis o ic samples will ha e been analyzed in ou ways: • de e mina ion o haplog oup equencies; • high- esolu ion sequencing o a highly a iable segmen o he m DNA; • di ec da ing by 14C accele a o mass spec oscopy; and • s able iso ope analyses o ca bon and ni ogen o cha ac e ize he die s o he indi iduals (see a icle his page). This molecula analysis is unded by he A c ic Social Sciences P og am as pa o a la ge in es iga ion, in which Michael C aw o d and Dixie Wes (Uni e si y o Kansas) a e conduc ing gene ic analyses o mode n Aleu communi ies and a chaeo- logical emains om he egion, espec- i ely (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999). Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Dennis O’Rou ke and Geo ey Hayes in Sal Lake Ci y, UT (801/581-6251; ax 801/ 581-6252; [email p o ec ed], [email p o ec ed]). S able Iso opes Re eal Ea ly Die s Some a chaeological e idence indica es ha he Classic Thule who inhabi ed he no hwes coas o Hudson Bay du ing he la e pa o he Medie al Wa m Pe iod (ca. AD 900–1350) ac i ely hun ed bowhead whales (Balaena mys ice us) in c ews o ou o eigh men om open sea d i wood and seal-skin umiaks, a med wi h lances and oggling ha poons—an ex ao dina y en e p ise, gi en he size o he whales. O he in es iga o s a gue ha he Classic Thule sca enged, a he han hun ed, he eno mous bowheads, which we e seconda y o ca ibou and seal in economic impo ance. In ei he case, he Classic Thule who used whales we e ollowed by Modi ied Thule—de ined in pa by he appa en absence o whaling—bu he iming o his ansi ion is hus a poo ly de ined. A chaeological e idence sugges s ha he Medie al Wa m Pe iod eed sea lanes in he cen al Canadian A chipelago om yea - ound ice, opening ich eas e n eeding g ounds o mig a ing bowheads. The sub- sequen Neo-Bo eal cooling may ha e es ic ed bowhead mig a ion ou es and led o he end o open sea whaling by AD 1200. Assessing he impo ance o whales in Classic Thule die s on he basis o a i ac s alone is p oblema ic. Assemblages o ani- mal bone a Thule esiden ial si es a e biased owa d easily anspo ed small p ey. While bowhead skele al elemen s o en comp ised he supe s uc u e o win e houses, hei p e alence is no a eliable e lec ion o p eda ion in ensi y o he impo ance o whales in Thule die s. The A c ic Social Sciences P og am has unded esea ch o use s able and adio- iso ope chemis y o human and aunal skele al emains o examine he ole o bowhead whales in eas e n a c ic die s. Joan Col ain (Uni e si y o U ah) is wo king closely wi h he Canadian Mus- eum o Ci iliza ion and wi h he consen o he Inui He i age T us and o he Fi s Na ions g oups o examine emains o humans and hei p ey om Kama ik, Silimui , and Na i e Poin . Kama ik and Silimui , on he no hwes sho e o Hudson Bay, a e belie ed o ha e been occupied by Classic Thule o age s. The Sadle mui people o Na i e Poin , on he sou he n coas o Sou hamp on Island, appea o ha e elied p ima ily on inged seals. S able iso ope analysis is ideally sui ed o add ess issues o die in he eas e n A c ic o he ollowing easons: • s able ca bon iso ope a ios eco d he ole o e es ial s. ma ine oods in sampled die s, indica ing, o example, he ela i e impo ance o ca ibou s. ma ine esou ces; and • s able ni ogen iso ope a ios in he emains o a p eda o eco d whe he i consumed he bi o es (e.g., bowhead whales) o ca ni o es (e.g., seals). Al hough wo k is no comple e, ini ial esul s a e consis en wi h he a gumen ha he Classic Thule ac i ely hun ed bowhead whales. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Joan Col ain in Sal Lake Ci y, UT (801/585- 6444; ax 801/581-6252; col ain@an h o. u ah.edu). 16 (e.g., ield s a ions, ma ine labo a o ies, long- e m ecological esea ch si es). The a ay o obse a ional s a ions, comple- men a y acili ies, and se ices ha can be es ablished unde he auspices o one obse a o y will be as impo an as he dis ibu ion and in eg a ion o he obse a o ies in he ne wo k as a whole. Connec ions o ad anced compu a ional acili ies and en i onmen al ne wo ks main ained by o he ede al agencies will be encou aged, as will liaisons wi h simila ac i i ies ha a e being de eloped in o he coun ies. NSF has p oposed o launch each obse a o y wi h $10 million and o sus ain each wi h a $1.25 million annual ope a ing budge o a leas 30 yea s, depending upon he excellence o i s se ice o he communi y and he quali y o science enabled by ha se ice. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see h p://www. a chbold-s a ion.o g/abs/neon/index.h ml, o con ac Sco Collins a he NSF Di ision o En i onmen al Biology in A ling on, VA (703/306-1479; ax 703/ 306-0367; [email p o ec ed]). NSF News NSF Plans In as uc u e o Suppo Biological Resea ch Recognizing ha a signi ican in es - men in in as uc u e is necessa y o suppo s udies on ecological sys ems and o in eg a e en i onmen al esea ch om molecula o global scales, NSF is p epa - ing o es ablish an in eg a ed ne wo k o en majo en i onmen al obse a o ies ac oss he coun y. Indi idual obse a o ies wi hin he planned Na ional Ecological Obse a o y Ne wo k (NEON) will p o ide esou ces o suppo esea ch a local and egional scales. The ne wo k as a whole will sha e a common in e disciplina y esea ch in a- s uc u e, common p o ocols, and an ad anced compu a ional ne wo k o sup- po obse a ions, syn hesis, and analysis a all scales. NEON is en isioned as a na ional esea ch pla o m a ailable, bo h physically and elec onically, o all scien- is s wi h pe inen in e es s. I will include a subs an ial educa ion and ou each componen . The ul ima e s uc u e o NEON will be a unc ion o communi y inpu , NSF goals, and unding cons ain s. In 1999 and ea ly 2000, NSF con ened h ee ad i- so y wo kshops o ou line: • gene al s uc u e and goals, • in e disciplina y capabili ies and concep ual b ead h o he ne wo k, and • ins umen a ion and o he echnological needs o he NEON obse a o ies. Repo s om he second and hi d wo k- shops a e a ailable a h p://www.sdsc.edu /NEON. A ou h ad iso y wo kshop on ne wo k managemen issues will con ene la e in 2000. NEON obse a o ies will be dis ib- u ed ac oss he Uni ed S a es in unc ion- ally impo an habi a s, a e habi a s, ansi ion zones (eco ones), and along majo en i onmen al g adien s. Such an a ay is in ended o enhance he s udy o hemes in en i onmen al biology o na ional and in e na ional impo ance, including he s uc u e and dynamics o popula ions, communi ies, ecosys ems, and landscapes; biodi e si y; global change; and an h opogenic in luences. NSF will selec NEON si es on he basis o compe i i e p oposals om conso ia o exis ing ecological and en i- onmen al esea ch acili ies in a egion In Ap il 2000, an in e na ional scien i ic eam deployed a se o d i ing buoys om he No h Pole o begin eco ding da a o he i s long- e m en i onmen al obse a o y in he A c ic Ocean. No camp on he a c ic ice pack can be pe manen o s a iona y, so he en i onmen al obse a- o y a he No h Pole is designed o con- sis o au oma ed ins umen s moo ed on he ocean loo and on d i ing buoys deployed om he Pole a egula in e als. To suppo his long- e m p esence, NSF has unded he No h Pole En i on- men al Obse a o y p ojec o i e yea s (see page 15). Jamie Mo ison (Uni e si y o Washing on) is he p incipal in es iga- o . Resea che s om O egon S a e Uni- e si y, he Paci ic Ma ine En i onmen al Labo a o y, he Japan Ma ine Science and Technology Cen e , and Canada’s Me - Ocean Co po a ion also a eled o he Pole o launch he au oma ed ins umen s. NSF Inaugu a es Au oma ed No h Pole Obse a o y The buoys launched in Ap il 2000 a e he i s se in a se ies ha will be launched o e he cou se o se e al seasons. The buoys a e expec ed o d i wi h he ice pack om he Pole o he G eenland Sea measu ing a mosphe ic p essu e, empe a- u e, wind, sola adia ion, wa e empe a- u e, salini y, ice empe a u e p o iles, and ice hickness. Co e age will be enhanced in subsequen yea s by ins umen s ancho ed o he sea loo . The new U.S. Coas Gua d Cu e Healy (see page 24) also is expec ed o assis in deploying buoys. The Japanese and Canadian g oups a e con ibu ing in-kind suppo , includ- ing ins umen a ion and some logis ics assis ance, o he p ojec . Ul ima ely, NSF in ends ha ins umen s deployed om he No h Pole au oma ed obse a o y will se e a b oad ange o sciences. The long- e m scien i ic eco d a he No h Pole will allow mo e comp ehensi e moni o ing o he A c ic in o de o un- de s and i s ole in he egula ion o global clima e. Obse a ions ha e shown ha he A c ic Ocean has, in ecen yea s, sus- ained a apid hinning o sea ice (see Wi - ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999) and shi s in ocean ci cula ion (see Wi ness Au umn 1998). These changes appea o be ela ed o a pa e n o change in he a mosphe ic ci cula ion o he No he n Hemisphe e (see page 3), which is oughly cen e ed a he Pole. E en wi h he use o subma ines (see Wi ness Sp ing 1998) and iceb eake s (see Wi ness Au umn 1998), i has p o en di icul o ob ain long- e m measu e- men s o empe a u e and o he a iables a he Pole. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he p ojec ’s web si e (h p://psc.apl.washing on.edu/ no hpole), o con ac Jamie Mo ison in Sea le, WA (206/543-1394; ax 206/616- 3142; [email p o ec ed]). 17 Capi ol Upda es Houses App o es Small Inc eases o NSF Budge This a icle has been abs ac ed om in o - ma ion on he FY 2001 ede al app op ia- ions p ocess de eloped by he Ame ican Associa ion o he Ad ancemen o Science (AAAS) O ice o Science and Policy P o- g ams and he Ame ican Ins i u e o Physics (AIP) O ice o Science Policy. When in oducing his FY 2001 budge eques in Feb ua y, P esi- den Clin on made NSF he cen e piece o his Resea ch and De elopmen (R&D) budge , which placed a s ong emphasis on achie ing a be e balance among sci- ence and enginee ing disciplines. Because NSF is he only R&D unding agency esponsible o he en i e ange o science and enginee ing disciplines, wi h a pa - icula emphasis on undamen al esea ch and non-li e sciences disciplines, he bud- ge eques singled ou NSF o an unp e- ceden ed $675 million o 17.3% inc ease in i s o al budge o $4.6 billion. The eques ed inc ease was sp ead ac oss he b ead h o NSF's esea ch po olio, wi h special a en ion o he agency's leading ole in se e al mul i-agency ini ia i es. Cong ess has chosen o alloca e $17 billion less han he P esiden o disc e- iona y spending in he ede al budge while inc easing de ense spending mo e, limi ing Cong essional budge s o domes- ic p og ams such as NSF. On 21 June, he House o Rep esen a i es app o ed an FY 2001 VA-HUD app op ia ions bill (HR 4635) ha would p o ide mos ly le el unding o R&D p og ams in he ede al independen agencies, including NSF, ha a e co e ed by he bill. The House would p o ide a o al NSF budge o $4.0 billion, $526 million less han he P esiden ’s eques , bu s ill $149 million o 3.8% mo e han FY 2000. Resea ch and Rela ed Ac i i ies (R&RA) would o al $3.1 billion, up 5.4% o e FY 2000, bu well below he eques ed 19.7% inc ease. The ull House app o ed HR 4635 a e making se e al amendmen s, including one ha educed he budge o he O ice o Pola P og ams o $264.5 million, an $18 million cu om he bud- ge p oposed by he House App op ia- ions Commi ee. Al hough he app op ia ion is less han he Adminis a ion’s eques , he House bill gene ally ollows NSF’s s a ed p io i- ies on dis ibu ion o he unds among he esea ch di ec o a es. The Compu e and In o ma ion Science and Enginee ing di ec o a e would ecei e $439 million, an inc ease o 13.1%. The Biological Sciences di ec o a e would ecei e $450 million, an inc ease o 8.6%, while p og ams in he ma hema ical and physical sciences, engi- nee ing, ea h sciences, and social sciences would ecei e inc eases be ween 6 and 8%. The only p og am wi hin R&RA o decline om FY 2000 le els would be In e- g a i e Ac i i ies, which would all 32.5% om $129 million o $87 million. The Majo Resea ch Equipmen accoun , which unds cons uc ion o la ge-scale sci- en i ic acili ies, would ecei e $77 million, a less han he $139 million eques . The House bill includes ull unding o $13.5 million o con inued cons uc ion o he new Sou h Pole S a ion, bu would sa e money by wi hholding unding o he eques ed new s a o he Na ional Eco- logical Obse a o y Ne wo k (see page 16). NSF’s Educa ion and Human Resou ces p og ams would ecei e $694 million, sligh ly below FY 2000 le els and GPS Becomes Ten Times Mo e Accu a e In May 2000, he U.S. mili a y s opped sc ambling signals om he 24 Global Posi ioning Sys em (GPS) sa elli es, allowing ci ilian use s o access he wo ld- wide na iga ional sys em accu a ely wi hou eso ing o expensi e echniques o co ec he signal. The p e ious delibe a e deg ada ion o he signals in he in e es o na ional secu i y had limi ed he esolu ion o he sys em o app oxima ely 100 me e s, which is no accu a e enough o mos scien i ic pu poses. Mo e p ecise GPS ead- ings o use s no clea ed by he Depa men o De ense equi ed ins alla ion o ixed and o ing ecei e s, labo -in ensi e a e aging o eadings o e ime, o bo h. The decision no o sc amble he GPS signals will inc ease he esolu ion o he ci ilian sys em o app oxima ely 9 me e s. The imp o ed esolu ion is likely o be o subs an ial bene i o membe s o he a c ic esea ch communi y. Access o accu a e GPS in o ma ion and inexpensi e ecei e s is expec ed o simpli y many aspec s o da a collec ion in he ield, imp o e pe sonnel sa e y a emo e loca ions, and s eamline he inc easingly widesp ead use o Geog aphic In o ma ion Sys ems (GIS) o collec and manage da a. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he In e agency GPS Execu i e Boa d web si e (h p://www.igeb.go ). well below he $729 million eques . Al hough he House would p o ide he ull eques ed amoun s o Educa ional Sys em Re o m, he Expe imen al P o- g am o S imula e Compe i i e Resea ch (EPSCoR), and o he EHR p og ams, he bill educed he unding o Unde g adu- a e Educa ion and G adua e Educa ion. As o p ess ime, he Sena e had no ye d a ed i s e sion o he VA-HUD app op ia ions bill. This p ocess began wi h a hea ing be o e he Sena e Commi - ee on Heal h, Educa ion, Labo , and Pen- sions, chai ed by James Je o ds (R-VT), on 12 July. Be o e he app op ia ions p ocess is o e , inal unding le els o VA-HUD bill p og ams a e expec ed o be highe han le els p oposed by he House. Al hough i is p obable ha addi ional unds will be ound o NSF p og ams, especially i he Sena e VA-HUD bill p oposes highe unding le els, i appea s unlikely ha Cong ess will ag ee o he P esiden ’s ull eques ed inc eases. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he AAAS web si e (h p://www.aaas.o g/spp/R&D), he AIP web si e (h p://www.aip.o g/go ), o he U.S. Cong ess web si e (h p:// homas.loc.go ). 18 A c ic Policy A c ic Council Mee s in Alaska o Re iew P og ess Senio o icials om he eigh a c ic na ions, ep esen a i es om ou a c- ic indigenous o ganiza ions, and acc ed- i ed obse e s con ened in Fai banks, Alaska in Ap il 2000 o he biannual A c- ic Council Senio A c ic O icials (SAO) Mee ing. Mo e han 150 delega es ac i ely discussed and deba ed coope a i e mea- su es o p omo e en i onmen al p o ec ion and sus ainable de elopmen in he a c ic egion. Chie Da id Salmon, Second T adi ional Chie o In e io Alaska A habascans om he Gwich’in illage o Chalkyi sik, opened he mee ing, u ging delega es o wo k oge he wi h indigenous people o he A c ic o add ess h ea s o he a c ic en i onmen . The A c ic Council is a high-le el in e go e nmen al o um es ablished in 1996. The eigh a c ic na ions a e Canada, Denma k/G eenland, Finland, Iceland, No way, Russia, Sweden, and he U.S. The ou a c ic indigenous o ganiza ions ha ha e Pe manen Pa icipan s (PP) s a- us a e he Aleu In e na ional Associa ion, he Inui Ci cumpola Con e ence, he Russian Associa ion o Indigenous Peoples o he No h, and he Saami Council. The Gwich’in T ibal Council has applied o become he i h PP o he Council. Chai s om each o he Council’s wo king g oups epo ed on p og ess hey ha e made on asks assigned a he A c ic Council Minis e ial Mee ing held in Iqalui , Canada in Sep embe 1998. En i onmen al P o ec ion Fou o he Council’s i e wo king g oups add ess en i onmen al issues such as con aminan s, conse a ion o li ing esou ces, p e en ion o ma ine pollu ion, and en i onmen al eme gencies. Delega es e iewed op ions o o ganizing and implemen ing an ac ion plan o elimina e pollu ion o he A c ic. The A c ic Coun- cil Ac ion Plan (ACAP) is a key ini ia i e ha will ou line possible na ional, egional, and global ac ions o educe emissions and clean up con aminan s (e.g., hea y me als, pe sis en o ganic pollu an s, adioac i i y, chemicals ha deple e he ozone laye ). The ACAP Wo king G oup, chai ed by Pe Dø le, Depu y Di ec o o he No wegian Pollu ion Con ol Au ho - i y, me in la e June 2000 in Oslo, No way o u he discuss implemen a ion. The Senio O icials a e inqui ing whe he hei espec i e go e nmen s a e in e es ed in leading any one o 11 possible ACAP p ojec s ha he Council has endo sed. Delega es hea d a p og ess epo on he A c ic Clima e Impac Assessmen (ACIA), including a eques ha Council membe s nomina e expe s om hei coun ies o se e as au ho s o he p ojec , which aims o examine comp ehensi ely he e ec s o global clima e change and inc eased ul a- iole adia ion on he a c ic egion and i s inhabi an s (see page 21). Rep esen a i es o he Council’s A c ic Moni o ing and Assessmen P og am (AMAP) and he U.S. En i onmen al P o- ec ion Agency epo ed on he Council’s mul ila e al p og am o iden i y and emedia e PCB-con amina ed si es in he Russian Fede a ion. A he end o June 2000, he Council expec s o ecei e esul s om Phase I o he p ojec , which is iden i- ying con amina ed si es. The Uni ed S a es has o e ed o und a sizeable pa o Phase II, which will assess he easibili y o emedia ing con amina ed si es and e i ing acili ies ha p oduce PCBs. I app o ed by he Council in Oc obe 2000, Phase II could be comple e by he nex Senio A c ic O icials mee ing in Fall 2002. Phase III is in ended o be a pilo p ojec o e i a p oduc ion acili y. Sus ainable De elopmen The A c ic Council’s Sus ainable De elopmen Wo king G oup (SDWG) hea d p og ess epo s on ini ia i es o: • imp o e he heal h and well-being o a c ic child en and you h (led by Canada), • assess p ospec s o ci cumpola applica- ions o elemedicine (led by he U.S.), • manage egional ishe ies (led by he Saami Council), and • p omo e cul u al- and eco- ou ism in he A c ic (led by he U.S. and S a e o Alaska). The SDWG also hea d p esen a ions on heal h and social wel a e issues such as: • eme ging in ec ious diseases, • he heal h and en i onmen o a c ic indigenous people, and • a su ey o li ing condi ions in he A c ic. Canada in oduced an ini ia i e on capaci y building which i p oposed should be an o ganizing heme o he wo k o he Council. Quo ing om a Uni ed Na ions De elopmen P og am epo , Canada desc ibed capaci y build- ing as “ he sum o e o s needed o nu - u e, enhance, and u ilize he skills and capabili ies o people and ins i u ions a all le els—na ional, egional, and in e na- ional—so hey can be e p og ess owa d sus ainable de elopmen .” No way epo ed on p ojec s di ec ly ela ed o sus ainable de elopmen and o in e es o he Council, including he ea- sibili y o opening a No he n Sea Rou e and in e na ional wo kshops i had ecen ly held add essing eindee he ding and husband y, he use and conse a ion o li ing a c ic ma ine esou ces, and p o- duc ion o oil and gas in he A c ic. Public Awa eness, Educa ion, and Ou each Delega es we e upda ed on de elop- men s o es ablish a ci cumpola Uni e - si y o he A c ic (see Wi ness Sp ing/ Au umn 1999). They also discussed a Canadian ini ia i e o b ing an a c ic oice o he in e na ional ga he ing ha will ma k he 10 h anni e sa y o he 1992 Rio de Janei o Con e ence on he En i onmen . The A c ic Council exe cised i s In e ne capabili ies by b oadcas ing a li e panel discussion on Con aminan s and Human Heal h. Public ele ision and adio also ai ed he aped discussion, and copies will be a ailable o download om he In e ne . Delega es we e b ie ed on he A c ic Council web si e, he A c ic En i onmen al Da a Di ec o y, and a possible A c ic Council magazine. The nex SAO and Minis e ial Mee - ings will ake place on 10–13 Oc obe 2000 in Ba ow, Alaska. Finland has o e ed o chai he Council when he U.S. chai - manship expi es in Oc obe 2000. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic Council web si e (h p://a c ic-council. usgs.go ), o con ac T acy Hall a he A c ic Council Sec e a ia in Washing on, DC (202/647-4972; ax 202/647-1106; [email p o ec ed]). 19 P esiden Names Th ee Membe s o he USARC U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission Pola Resea ch Boa d The Pola Resea ch Boa d (PRB) has ou new s udies unde way. Fi s , he PRB is e iewing NASA’s s a egy o p o iding de i ed, geophysical da a se s (e.g., Pola Pa h inde ) o he pola science communi y. The s udy’s goals a e o: • summa ize he s a egy, scope, and qual- i y o NASA’s pola geophysical da a; • sugges ways o make hese and u u e da a se s mo e use ul o esea che s; and • conside how well he p oduc s a e eaching he app op ia e communi ies. The commi ee is chai ed by John Walsh (Uni e si y o Illinois). I is expec ed o comple e i s wo k by Decembe 2000. A he eques o he Exxon Valdez Oil Spill T us ee Council, he PRB is o ming a commi ee o p o ide independen scien- i ic guidance abou a comp ehensi e plan o a long- e m, in e disciplina y esea ch and moni o ing p og am in he no he n Gul o Alaska. The commi ee will: • e iew esea ch and moni o ing ac i i- ies in he egion since he oil spill; • con ene one o mo e in o ma ion- ga he ing mee ings in Alaska whe e esea che s and he public can con ey hei pe spec i es on wha he esea ch Pola Resea ch Boa d Begins Fou New S udies and moni o ing plan should accomplish; • e iew he gene al s a egy p oposed in he d a Science P og am (which includes in o ma ion on he social and poli ical con ex , mission, app oach, and scien i ic backg ound); and ul ima ely, • e iew he d a Resea ch and Moni o - ing Plan, including he scope, s uc u e, and quali y o he p oposed app oach. The commi ee will also add ess b oade issues ela ed o o e all e ec i eness o he T us ee Council’s p og am and plan o guiding con inued e o s o unde s and biological change in he Gul o Alaska. A hi d s udy will explo e he science and policy implica ions o ab up clima e change, as dis inc om g adual global wa ming. Clea guidance is lacking o s ee he my iad cu en esea ch e o s pe ain- ing o ab up change and o be e blend science and policy needs. This s udy will: • desc ibe wha is known abou ab up clima e change om paleoclima e p ox- ies, his o ical obse a ions, and nume i- cal modeling (e.g., pa e ns and magni- udes o possible changes, mechanisms, o cing h esholds, p obabili ies); and • explo e he c i ical knowledge gaps conce ning he po en ial o ab up clima e changes, including hose aspec s o change ha a e o g ea es po en ial impo ance o socie y and economies. Based on his in o ma ion, he commi ee will ou line a esea ch s a egy o ill he c i ical knowledge gaps. The s udy will be chai ed by PRB membe Richa d Alley (Pennsyl ania S a e Uni e si y). The PRB will soon begin wo k on a ou h s udy, eques ed by Cong ess, o unde s and he cumula i e en i onmen al impac s o oil and gas explo a ion, de el- opmen , and p oduc ion on Alaska’s No h Slope. This wo-yea e o will: • e iew exis ing in o ma ion; • assess known and p obable cumula i e impac s; and • a emp o desc ibe possible cumula i e e ec s. Nomina ions o he commi ee closed 15 May 2000. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he PRB web si e (h p://na ional-academies.o g/ p b), o con ac PRB Execu i e Di ec o Ch is El ing in Washing on, DC (202/ 334-3479; ax 202/334-1477; cel ing@nas. edu). In Janua y 2000, P esiden Clin on eappoin ed Geo ge New on as Chai o he U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission (USARC). New on, who has been a membe o he Commission since 1989 and Chai since 1996, is ecognized o concei ing and nego ia ing he es ablish- men o he Science Ice Expedi ion (SCICEX) p og am (see Wi ness Sp ing/ Au umn 1999). He is Di ec o o Resea ch and E alua ion a Managemen Suppo Technology, Inc. in Fai ax, Vi ginia. The P esiden also has appoin ed Jackie G ebmeie and Jim Llewellyn o he Commission. G ebmeie is a specialis in pola biological oceanog aphy a he Uni- e si y o Tennessee in Knox ille. She has se ed on ad iso y commi ees o he Na- ional Resea ch Council, Na ional Acad- emy o Sciences, and NSF. She is cu en ly a p ojec co-leade o join Russian-U.S. ecosys em s udies in he Be ing and Chukchi seas (see page 4). Llewellyn is an a o ney wi h BellSou h Co po a ion p ac icing egula o y law. He has se ed as Chie Counsel in he O ice o o me Sena o Sam Nunn (D-GA) and as Senio Assis an A o ney Gene al o he S a e o Geo gia. O he Commission membe s a e: Richa d Glenn (Depa men o Ene gy Managemen , No h Slope Bo ough, Ba - ow, AK), John Hobbie (Ma ine Biologi- cal Labo a o y, Woods Hole, MA), Wal e Pa ke (Pa ke Associa es, Ancho age, AK), and Jack Rode ick (Ancho age, AK). The nex edi ion o he Commission’s Repo on Goals and Objec i es o A c ic Resea ch is being p epa ed du ing Sp ing and Summe 2000 o publica ion in Janua y 2001. Inpu om he a c ic esea ch communi y is welcomed. The 1999 Repo can be ound on he USARC web si e. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he USARC web si e (h p://www.uaa.alaska. edu/en i/a c_web/a chome.h m), o con ac USARC Execu i e Di ec o Ga y B ass in A ling on, VA (800-AURORAB o 703/525-0111; ax 703/525-0114; [email p o ec ed]). 20 In e na ional News Canadian Pola Commission Raises P o ile o he A c ic IASC Hos s A c ic Science Summi Mo e han 200 scien is s and science adminis a o s om se e al a c ic science o ganiza ions a ended he second A c ic Science Summi Week (ASSW) in Ap il 2000 in Camb idge, UK. The In e - na ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC, see Wi ness Au umn 1998) ini ia ed ASSW o p o ide oppo uni ies o coo dina ion, collabo a ion, and complemen a i y in all a eas o a c ic science. ASSW comp ises mee ings o a c ic esea ch o ganiza ions, a Join Science Day on a opical issue, and ela ed wo kshops. A majo pos e session p eceded he Join Science Day on Impac s o Clima e Change in he A c ic, which was a ended by he local science communi y and media as well as mee ing pa icipan s. The Join Science Day b ough he A c ic Clima e Impac Assessmen (ACIA, see page 21), o he a en ion o he gene al a c ic sci- ence communi y. The ollowing o ganiza ions held hei annual mee ings as pa o ASSW: • he IASC Council, Regional Boa d, and Execu i e Commi ee; • he ACIA S ee ing Commi ee; • he A c ic Ocean Sciences Boa d; • he Eu opean Pola Boa d; • he Fo um o A c ic Resea ch Ope a o s (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999); • he Nansen A c ic D illing P og am (see Wi ness Sp ing 1998); and • he No dic Pola Resea ch G oup. Wo kshops we e con ened on: • a comp ehensi e geophysical mapping p ojec co e ing he A c ic Ocean Basin and su ounding a eas (see page 22); • sus ained moni o ing o a c ic luxes ha connec he A c ic Ocean o lowe la i udes (see page 21); and • a c ic ca bon cycling, o ganized by he Feedbacks and A c ic Te es ial Ecosys- ems (FATE) p ojec g oup. Associa ed ecep ions, including one a he Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e, o e ed oppo uni ies o in o mal discussions. The Local O ganizing Commi ee o ASSW 2000 was headed by he B i ish An a c ic Su ey and sponso ed by he Na u al En i onmen Resea ch Council and he Pola Regions Sec ion o he Fo - eign and Commonweal h O ice. A numbe o epo s based on he dis- cussions a ASSW a e now in de elop- men . The nex ASSW will be held in Iqalui , Canada in la e Ap il 2001. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he IASC web si e (h p://www.iasc.no), o con ac IASC Execu i e Sec e a y Odd Rogne in Oslo, No way (+47/2324-1602; ax +47/ 2324-1601; [email p o ec ed]). The Canadian Pola Commission (CPC) was c ea ed by an ac o Pa - liamen in 1991 o se e as Canada’s lead agency in he de elopmen and dissemina ion o pola knowledge. The CPC (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999) main ains wo king ela ionships wi h go e nmen s, uni e si ies, esea ch ins i u es, indus y, abo iginal o ganiza- ions, and non-go e nmen al g oups h oughou Canada. A he in e na ional le el, he CPC ep esen s Canada on he In e na ional A c ic Science Commi ee (see a icle his page and Wi ness Au umn 1998) and he Scien i ic Commi ee on An a c ic Resea ch. While no i sel engaged in pola s udy, he CPC has esponsibili y o : • moni o ing, p omo ing, and dissemina ing knowledge o he pola egions; • con ibu ing o public awa eness o he impo ance o pola science o Canada; • enhancing Canada’s in e na ional p o ile as a ci cumpola na ion; and • de eloping ecommenda ions o go e nmen on pola science policy. In Sp ing 1999, he se en-membe boa d o he CPC me o ede ine he o ganiza ion’s mission and alues, and o de elop, in consul a ion wi h s a , a h ee-yea s a egic plan, including: • building a highe p o ile in Canada o pola knowledge a he communi y, egional, na ional, and in e na ional le els; • inding esh and inno a i e ways o p omo e pola science; and • collabo a ing e ec i ely wi h public- and p i a e-sec o pa ne s. Towa d hese ends, he Commission app o ed se e al ini ia i es, including he Canadian Pola In o ma ion Ne wo k (CPIN), an on-line sou ce o a c ic and An a c ic da a and in o ma ion. Newly es ablished, he CPIN (h p://www. pola com.gc.ca/cpin/de aul .h m) ea u es: • he Pola Science Fo um, an in e ac i e communica ions and in o ma ion esou ce; • a egis y o Canadian pola esea che s; and • links o sou ces o da a and in o ma ion h oughou Canada and he ci cum- a c ic egion (e.g., A c ic En i onmen al Da a Di ec o y, An a c ic Mas e Di ec- o y, Global Change Mas e Di ec o y). An impo an s ep in he c ea ion o a obus pola in o ma ion in as uc u e in Canada, CPIN will, in he nea u u e, include a me ada a sea ch and iling acili y and a GIS-based da a display ool. To enhance i s capaci y o moni o ing and epo ing, he Commission also in o- duced A c ic and An a c ic Resea ch in Canada, a se ies o publica ions ha will p o ile pola esea ch sec o s while helping o iden i y key issues and ends ele an o he de elopmen o public policy. Mo e comp ehensi e epo s on a wide ange o c oss-cu ing issues, including: • adi ional knowledge, • unding, • logis ics and in as uc u e, • licensing, and • da a managemen will also be by published by he CPC as pa o he se ies, while a egula s a e-o - pola -science epo will syn hesize in o - ma ion pe iodically. The Commission will complemen his wo k in 2000 by iden i- ying a sui e o pola science indica o s ha can be compiled and acked o e ime as a b oad measu e o Canada’s commi men o building pola knowledge. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he CPC web si e (h p://www.pola com.gc.ca), o con ac Alan Saunde s in O awa, ON (888/POLAR01; ax 613/943-8607; [email p o ec ed]). 21 In e na ional News A c ic Council P epa es A c ic Clima e Impac Assessmen The in e na ional A c ic Clima e Impac Assessmen (ACIA) p ojec is abou o commence unde he auspices o wo wo king g oups o he A c ic Council (see page 18 and Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999) and he In e na ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC, see page 20). The goal o he ACIA is o e alua e and syn hesize knowledge on clima e a iabili y, clima e change, inc eased ul a iole adia ion, and hei consequences. The aim is o p o ide use ul and eliable in o ma ion o he go - e nmen s, o ganiza ions, and peoples o he A c ic on policy op ions o mee such changes. The ACIA will examine possible u u e impac s on: • he en i onmen and i s li ing esou ces, • human heal h, and • in as uc u e. Th ee majo olumes will be com- ple ed by 2004; hey a e: • a pee - e iewed scien i ic olume, • a syn hesis documen summa izing esul s, and • a policy documen p o iding ecom- menda ions o coping and adap ing. B oad pa icipa ion o expe s om many di e en disciplines and coun ies is an icipa ed. Au ho s will be guided by an Assessmen S ee ing Commi ee (ASC) wi h ep esen a i es om: • he A c ic Council’s A c ic Moni o ing and Assessmen P og am, and Conse a- ion o A c ic Fauna and Flo a; • IASC; and • indigenous peoples o he A c ic. The Uni ed S a es is he lead coun y o his e o ; ep esen a i es om NSF and he Na ional Oeanog aphic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion (NOAA) will also be membe s o he ASC. I s chai man is Robe Co ell (Uni ed S a es); he Vice- Chai is Pål P es ud (No way). An ACIA Sec e a ia has been es ablished a he In e na ional A c ic Resea ch Cen e o he Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks and unded by NSF and NOAA. Addi ional con ibu ions a e expec ed om o he a c ic coun ies. Close ies will be main ained wi h he g oup conduc ing a simila egional assessmen as pa o he In e go e nmen- al Panel on Clima e Change (see Wi ness Au umn 1998 and Au umn 1997), bu he ACIA expec s o p o ide conside ably mo e de ail on he expec ed impac s in he A c ic. The means by which i a i es a i s conclusions is in ended o be anspa en , wi h c edible and igo ous e iew and clea s a emen o he deg ees o unce ain y in he conclusions. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Gun e Welle , In e im Execu i e Di ec o o he ACIA Sec e a ia in Fai banks, AK (907/ 474-7371; ax 907/474-6722; gun e @gi. alaska.edu). Ini ia i e Will Coo dina e Measu emen o Ocean Fluxes As pa o he A c ic Science Summi Week in Ap il 2000 (see page 20), he A c ic Ocean Science Boa d and In e na- ional A c ic Science Commi ee held a mee ing on a join ini ia i e o measu e clima ically impo an oceanic exchanges be ween he A c ic and suba c ic seas. The objec i es o he A c ic/Suba c ic Ocean Fluxes (ASOF) mee ing we e o discuss: • c i ical measu emen s needed o unde - s and he ole o high-la i ude oceans in decadal clima e a iabili y, and • ways o achie ing he coo dina ed long- e m unding equi ed o implemen a sys- em o such measu emen s ac oss all he main ga eways o and om he A c ic Ocean o e a pe iod o a decade o mo e. The app oxima ely 50 mee ing pa ici- pan s con i med ha an u gen esea ch ocus is wa an ed on bo h hese issues, in iew o he obse a ional and modeling e idence ha appea s o link a iabili y in hese luxes o ab up changes in he s eng h o he he mohaline ci cula ion (THC) in he No h A lan ic. Fo example, he paleoclima e eco d om ocean sedimen s sugges s ha p e i- ous episodes o THC slowdown o shu - down ha e coincided wi h pe iods when ice and eshwa e we e mo e widesp ead han hey a e oday and may ha e occu ed apidly, in only a ew decades. Ad anced coupled clima e models appea o conclude ha g eenhouse gas o cing may lead o a d ama ic educ ion in he s eng h o he THC in he A lan ic, while con empo a y ocean ci cula ion models appea o con i m ha an inc ease in he sou hwa d lux o ice and eshwa e h ough F am S ai may be able, in a ew yea s, o educe he in ensi y o he THC in he No h A lan ic. A p esen , howe e , esea che s lack di ec measu emen s o oceanic hea and eshwa e luxes needed o de elop and es hese models. Model imp o emen depends upon ob aining hese measu e- men s simul aneously a all a c ic ga eways and o e a pe iod long enough o cap u e a iabili y. Pa icipan s iden i ied si es whe e hese luxes migh bes be measu ed and p oposed app op ia e me hodologies‚ including he use o new echniques o wo king in di icul sub-ice loca ions. The i s measu emen s o oceanic exchanges be ween he A c ic Ocean and suba c ic seas we e made in he Be ing S ai (No h Paci ic) and F am S ai (No h A lan ic) in he mid-1960s o 1970s, and obse a ions in he 1990s ha e documen ed signi ican changes in hea lux owa d he A c ic Ocean (see Wi ness Sp ing 1998) and in eshwa e /ice lux om he A c ic. While se e al p og ams in ol ing esea che s om he Eu opean Communi y, No way, Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed S a es, and Canada now plan ex ended lux s udies, he ASOF join ini- ia i e is a signi ican s ep owa d achie - ing a coo dina ed long- e m sys em o such measu emen s ac oss he A c ic. The ASOF science planning g oup is chai ed by Ola O heim, Di ec o o he No wegian Pola Ins i u e. The nex plan- ning mee ing will ake place du ing he S e d up Symposium in T omsø, No way, 22–23 Sep embe 2000 (see page 27). Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Bob Dickson in Su olk, UK (+44/1502-524- 282; ax +44/1502-513-865; [email p o ec ed]). 22 In e na ional News In e na ional E o Gene a es Cha o he A c ic Ocean Since la e 1997, ba hyme ic specialis s om he eigh a c ic coun ies ha e been wo king o compile all a ailable ba hyme ic da a no h o 64oN in o a cohe en , s a e-o - he-a , publicly a ail- able digi al da abase and a comp ehensi e elie map o he A c ic Basin seabed and adjacen land a eas. The In e na ional Ba hyme ic Cha o he A c ic Ocean (IBCAO) p ojec has: • assembled o iginal dep h obse a ions and in o ma ion ex ac ed om published maps; • cons uc ed a g id ha de ines dep h and ele a ion h oughou he egion a a esolu ion o 2.5 km; • included he ele a ions o su ounding land masses, so ha ma ine and e es- ial elie no h o 64oN is desc ibed in one seamless g id— he Be a G id; • dis ibu ed he Be a G id, solici ing eedback and ecommenda ions o addi ional ele an da a se s; and • used he Be a G id o cons uc a p o i- sional shaded elie map, which has also been eleased o he communi y, o acili a e isualiza ion o he con en s o he g id and enable compa isons wi h exis ing maps. Besides p o iding impo an co ec- ions o olde maps, he new p oduc s ea- u e inc eased de ail and esolu ion in bo h deep and shallow a eas. The Be a G id, p o isional map, and associa ed documen a ion a e a ailable om he IBCAO web si e (h p://www. ngdc.noaa.go /mgg/ba hyme y/a c ic/ a c ic.h ml), which is main ained by he U.S. Na ional Geophysical Da a Cen e . The IBCAO p ojec has been o e seen by an Edi o ial Boa d o ba hyme ic spe- cialis s om Canada, Denma k, Ge many, Iceland, No way, Russia, Sweden, and he Uni ed S a es, as well as h ee in e na ional o ganiza ions ha ha e in e es s in a c ic mapping and esea ch— he In e na ional Hyd og aphic O ganiza ion (IHO), he In e go e nmen al Oceanog aphic Com- mission (IOC), and he In e na ional A c- ic Science Commi ee (see page 20). The IBCAO p ojec has ecei ed und- ing and in-kind suppo om IASC, IOC, S ockholm Uni e si y, he Swedish Pola Sec e a ia , he Swedish Pola Commi ee, he Swedish Yme Founda ion, he U.S. O ice o Na al Resea ch, and he U.S. Na ional Geophysical Da a Cen e . These ad hoc con ibu ions ha e supplemen ed he olun a y e o s and in-kind con ibu- ions o Edi o ial Boa d membe s, hei associa es, and home ins i u ions. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Ron Macnab a he Geological Su ey o Canada in Da mou h NS, Canada (902/ 426-5687; ax 902/426-6152; macnab@ agc.bio.ns.ca). TUNDRA S udies A c ic Feedbacks in Russian Wa e shed Tund a Deg ada ion in he Russian A c ic (TUNDRA) is an in e discipli- na y esea ch p ojec s udying he e ec s o global change, indus ial pollu ion, and he public pe cep ion o en i onmen al deg ada ion in he Eas -Eu opean Russian A c ic. The esea ch is unded o h ee yea s (1998–2000) by he IV h F amewo k En i onmen and Clima e P og amme o he Eu opean Commission (EC). TUNDRA is designed o assess p o- cesses o igina ing in he A c ic ha eed back o he global clima e sys em, pa icu- la ly changes in g eenhouse gas emissions and eshwa e uno . In es iga o s in mul iple disciplines om Denma k, Finland, he Ne he lands, Russia, and he Uni ed Kingdom a e s udying: • p esen clima e and i s na u al a iabil- i y, using a egional clima e model and analyses o pas clima e a iabili y; • a c ic eedbacks o global wa ming, including eeline dynamics, soil and pea ca bon dynamics, me hane luxes, changes in eshwa e uno , albedo changes; and • egional impac s o global change such as land and wa e pollu ion, pe ma os mel ing, and human esponses. Pollu ion specialis s and social an h o- pologis s also a e assessing how pollu ion may be a ec ing ecosys em unc ion and esiden s’ pe cep ions and how human a i udes in u n a ec en i onmen al legisla ion and i s implemen a ion. The s udy a ea selec ed o he p ojec is he 100,000-km2 Usa Ri e basin wes o he U al Moun ains (see igu e). The Usa Ri e lows in o he Pecho a Ri e and he Ba en s Sea. The wa e shed encompasses a c ic and alpine eelines, ex ensi e lowland und a, and he sou h- e n limi s o pe ma os . The Usa Basin has also sus ained a ange o human impac s, om almos uninhabi ed o densely popula ed egions, om indig- enous economies o Russian indus ializa- ion, and om clean o pollu ed a eas. The main indus ial cen e s in he a ea a e Vo ku a and Usinsk. A closely ela ed p ojec , Pe ma os in he Usa Basin (PERUSA), is s udying pos- sible u u e pe ma os deg ada ion and i s e ec on in as uc u e. PERUSA is unded by he In e na ional Associa ion o Coope a ion wi h Scien is s om he o me So ie Union P og amme (INTAS; see h p://www.in as.be) o he EC. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he TUN- DRA web si e (h p://www.u o a. i/home/ a k inen/ und a/ und a.h m), o con ac Pe e Kuh y in Ro aniemi, Finland (+358/ 16 3412755; ax +358/16 3412777; [email p o ec ed]). The Usa Basin is loca ed in he Eas -Eu opean Russian A c ic (map by K. Mikkola, modi ied by S. Mi chell). NORWAY SWEDEN FINLAND RUSSIA Pecho a Ka a Sea Ba en s Sea No wegian Sea A khangel’sk Mu mansk Moscow The Usa Basin 23 In e na ional News Ci cumpola Social Science Ph.D.s will Mee in Alaska U.S. and No way Plan o Join Resea ch As wo o he eigh a c ic na ions, No way and he Uni ed S a es a e majo pa icipan s in ci cuma c ic esea ch. In Augus 1999, he wo coun ies co- sponso ed a wo kshop o ganized by he No wegian Resea ch Council, No wegian Pola Ins i u e, and ARCUS (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999). Wo king g oups we e o ganized a ound s udies in: • uppe a mosphe e, • lowe a mosphe e, • oceanog aphy and geophysics, • paleoclima ology, and • biology. In addi ion, pa icipan s discussed mul idisciplina y esea ch ques ions app op ia e o b oadened coope a ion in S alba d, including: • How will clima e change be media ed, and wha will be he e ec on ca bon cycles? • How will clima ic changes in e ac wi h s a osphe ic ozone dynamics and ul a iole adia ion? • How can we use he syne gis ic co-loca ion o powe ul obse a ional acili ies o uppe a mosphe ic p ocesses on S alba d o s udy how hese p ocesses a ec consume , business, and de ense sa elli e communica ions? Wo kshop pa icipan s and he wide a c ic esea ch communi y ha e e iewed he d a epo om he wo kshop. ARCUS will publish Oppo uni ies o Collabo- a ion be ween he Uni ed S a es and No way in A c ic Resea ch la e his summe . Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac ARCUS. The Ci cumpola A c ic Social Science (CASS) Ph.D. Ne wo k, now in i s i h yea , will hold an in e na ional ield cou se in Alaska in Augus 2000. The heme o he cou se is No he n Communi- ies and he Global Economy: New app oaches o communi y esou ce manage- men and use. The goal o CASS is o p e- pa e he nex gene a ion o in e na ional a c ic social scien is s o wo k collabo a- i ely ac oss na ional and disciplina y bounda ies on p essing ci cumpola esea ch opics. CASS also p o ides Ph.D. s uden s in social sciences wi h a sophis i- ca ed unde s anding o cul u al, social, and e hical issues essen ial o e ec i e a c ic esea ch. Eigh een Ph.D. s uden s and six senio acul y a e expec ed o pa icipa e in he Alaska ield cou se. Coun ies ep esen ed will include Canada, Denma k (including G eenland), Finland, Iceland, Japan, No way, Russia, Sweden, and he Uni ed S a es. F om 5–20 Augus 2000, pa ici- pan s will: • pa icipa e in a wo kshop on building an in e na ional a c ic social sciences esea ch ne wo k in Ancho age; • expe ience he Old Min o Cul u al He i age Camp in in e io Alaska; and • in e ac wi h acul y and s uden s a he Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks. In addi ion, plans a e unde way o pa - icipan s o isi Red Dog Mine in no h- wes Alaska and P udhoe Bay on he No h Slope. Since 1996, CASS has b ough s uden s and acul y om a c ic na ions oge he o a mul i-week ield cou se in no he n loca ions, enabling hem o p esen esea ch opics, heo ies, me hods, and indings o o he s and c ea e a pe sonal and p o essional ne wo k. CASS seeks o de elop a cad e o younge social scien is s wi h: • an app ecia ion o he impo ance o in e disciplina y esea ch; • an unde s anding o he nuances o in e na ional and c oss-cul u al collabo- a ions; and • a b oad unde s anding o di e se heo- e ical and me hodological app oaches ac oss scien i ic disciplines. Mo eo e , inc eased in e es on he pa o indigenous peoples and o he no he n esiden s in esea ch abou hei commu- ni ies equi es ha Ph.D. s uden s become amilia wi h eme ging issues ela ed o: • indigenous knowledge sys ems, • e hics o esea ch in ol ing communi ies, • in ellec ual p ope y igh s, and • local pe cep ions o esea ch p io i ies. The ocus and loca ion o p e ious ield cou ses a e as ollows: • 1996—Di e si y and Local Communi ies in Sou h G eenland; • 1997—Mega-p ojec s and Local Pa icipa ion in De elopmen in no h- eas Quebec (policy and esea ch issues, and he his o y su ounding he James Bay and No he n Quebec Ag eemen ); • 1998—Secu i y in he A c ic in no he n No way, S alba d, and Russia (Kola Peninsula); and • 1999—Poli ical Au onomy and Economic De elopmen in he A c ic in Quebec and Nuna ik. Funding o he ield cou ses has come la gely om he No dic Council o Minis- e s, he No dic Academy o Ad anced S udy, Canada’s Social Sciences and Humani ies Resea ch Council, and indi idual uni e si ies. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Richa d Caul ield in Fai banks, AK (907/474- 5573; ax 907/474-6325; [email p o ec ed]) o Phyllis Mo ow (907/474-6608; ax 907/474-7453; [email p o ec ed]). Ph.D. s uden s om eigh coun ies isi ed a Fi s Na ions museum in No he n Quebec in Sep embe 1999 (pho o p o ided by Rick Caul ield). 24 USCGC Healy T ials P oceed o Cold Wa e s in Ba in Bay AICC Ad oca es Science Suppo As esea che s an icipa e he a ailabili y o he USCGC Healy in 2001 (see a icle his page), he commi ee cha ged wi h o e seeing suppo o i s science ope a ions con inues i s ad ocacy o p o- duc i e collabo a ion be ween uni e si y esea che s and U.S. Coas Gua d (USCG) o ice s and c ew membe s. The A c ic Iceb eake Coo dina ing Commi ee (AICC) was es ablished in 1996 by he USCG, NSF, and he Uni e - si y-Na ional Oceanog aphic Labo a o y Sys em (UNOLS; see page 25) o suppo scien is s who wish o conduc esea ch aboa d he USCG iceb eake s ha a e a ailable o he academic communi y— speci ically, he USCGC Pola S a , Pola Sea, and Healy (see Wi ness Sp ing 1997). One o he goals o he AICC is o ensu e ha he quali y o science suppo on a c ic ma ine science missions aboa d USCG iceb eake s equals ha a ailable on he la ge essels adminis e ed by UNOLS; he USCG en husias ically suppo s his goal. To his end, in Ma ch 2000 he AICC ci cula ed an in o mal le e o he a c ic esea ch communi y, ecommending ha one o mo e o he 27 ins i u ions ha ope a e UNOLS essels (see able page 23) p o ide companion suppo o he p e-c uise, echnical, and ope a ional aspec s o missions beginning in 2001 and 2002 (see h p://www.unols.o g/aicc/ healyuse.pd ). The AICC ecommended ha he use communi y conside submi - ing p oposals o NSF o p o ide app o- p ia e companion suppo , such as: • acili a ing equen di ec in e ac ions among scien is s and USCG pe sonnel o assu e ha scien i ic equi emen s o ope a ional and echnical suppo will be me ; and • assis ing he USCG wi h aining, ope a ion, and main enance o speci ic science sys ems (e.g., CTD, co ing sys ems, science da a ne wo k, SeaBeam, Acous ic Dopple Cu en P o ile ). Such assis ance could be unded as a coope a i e ag eemen , which could be modi ied as c uise needs become clea e . The AICC no ed ha he NSF Di ision o Ocean Sciences Resea ch Ship Ope a ions P og am (see h p://www.ns .go /pubs/ 2000/ns 0039/ns 0039.pd ) also may be app op ia e o his pu pose. P oposals o his p og am a e due 15 Oc obe . Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ull ex o AICC’s le e o 1 Ma ch 2000 in he A c icIn o a chi e on he ARCUS web si e (h p://www.a cus.o g/a c icin o/ _sea ch.h ml), o con ac Jim Swi (see a icle his page). The U.S. Coas Gua d Cu e Healy, deli e ed o he Coas Gua d in No embe 1999 (see Wi ness Sp ing/ Au umn 1999), success ully comple ed wa m wa e es s and ials o Pue o Rico in Feb ua y 2000. Mos science sys ems pe o med well; o he mos pa , ouble occu ed in sys ems ha we e expec ed o need longe pe iods o adjus men s. The Healy unde wen ice ials and cold-wa e science-sys ems es ing in Ba in Bay in Ap il, May, and June 2000. The Coas Gua d wo ked closely wi h Canada, Denma k, and G eenland on hese es s. Membe s o he A c ic Ice- b eake Coo dina ing Commi ee (AICC) o e saw all es ing o science sys ems and, in addi ion o he es epo s, a e con ib- u ing o an execu i e epo . A e comple- ion o es ing, he Healy will a i e a he home po o Sea le in Augus 2000. Science planning o use o he Healy is well unde way, ollowing In e ne solici a- ion o use ideas and communi y plan- ning and in o ma ion mee ings in Oc obe 1999 du ing he NSF Ocean-A mosphe e- Ice In e ac ions All-Hands mee ing in Vi - ginia Beach (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999), he AGU 1999 Fall Mee ing, and he 2000 Ocean Sciences mee ing. These audiences we e p incipally conce ned wi h he planning and scheduling p ocess, science equipmen , and echnical suppo . Thei eedback is being used o upda e in o ma ion o p ospec i e use s. An ab idged e sion o he i e-yea olling plan o use o U.S. a c ic iceb eak- e s is a ailable a h p://www.unols.o g/ aicc/healyuse.pd . Addi ional in o ma ion will be a ailable la e his yea on he Uni- e si y-Na ional Oceanog aphic Labo a- o y Sys em (UNOLS, see page 25) new web si e (h p://www.unols.o g) including: • planning ideas; • p oposals submi ed, unded, and scheduled; and • accompanying in o ma ion abou logis ics and use con ac s. The AICC will con inue o help he a c ic esea ch communi y wi h coo dina- ion and long- e m planning. Fo example, las yea he AICC ale ed he communi y ha he Healy migh wo k in he Eas e n A c ic in Summe 2001, wi h Wes e n A c ic wo k possible o Sp ing 2001. Impo an de ails emain o be wo ked ou , bu p og ess is being made on his impo an planning issue. P oposals o use he Healy mus be submi ed o NSF—which is likely o be he p ima y science unding agency—no la e han 15 Feb ua y o he yea p io o he sea wo k. In la e summe o ha yea , p oposals ha a e likely o be unded, and any ha we e success ully e iewed om ea lie yea s, will be examined by a g oup comp ised o Coas Gua d and unding agency ep esen a i es. Tha g oup will de e mine he Healy’s science sea schedule o he yea ahead. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he Healy web si e (h p://www.uscg.mil/paca ea/ healy), o con ac AICC Chai Jim Swi in La Jolla, CA (858/534-3387; ax 858/ 534-7383; [email p o ec ed]). Science-sys em es ing and ice ials o he USCGC Healy a e unde way in Ba in Bay in Ap il, May, and June 2000 ( igu e p o ided by Te y Tucke ). Science News 25 Publica ions Science News High-La i ude Resea ch Requi es New Mid-Sized Vessels While moo ed ins umen a ion, d i - ing buoys, and emo e sensing a e inc easingly impo an in oceanog aphic esea ch, in es iga o s con inue o equi e access o ocean-going esea ch essels. The U.S. oceanog aphic communi y has bene i ed om a lee o esea ch essels ope a ed by academic ins i u ions h ough he Uni e si y-Na ional Oceanog aphic Labo a o y Sys em (UNOLS). Es ablished in 1971, he UNOLS lee is cu en ly composed o 29 essels (see box) a ailable o all esea che s; UNOLS coo dina es schedules o op imal use. NSF, he lead- ing ede al agency in ol ed wi h he lee , p o ides much o he ope a ing and main- enance suppo o UNOLS essels. The UNOLS Flee Imp o emen Commi ee (FIC) is leading in e agency e o s o de e mine he lee composi ion app op ia e o mee ing u u e esea ch needs. The mos se ious u u e sho all in a ailable essels is likely o be in he in e - media e size class (30–60 me e s long). While emo e echnologies now accom- plish pa o he esea ch ha had been conduc ed aboa d he la ges essels, he demand o in e media e ships is g owing as a en ion o coas al issues inc eases. These in e media e-sized essels a e aging and, in many cases, need o be eplaced. The R/V Alpha Helix, o ins ance, is he oldes essel in he U.S. academic lee . Now 35 yea s old and o e due o e i e- men , he Alpha Helix is he only UNOLS essel assigned o Alaskan wa e s, which comp ise mo e han hal o he o al U.S. coas al a ea. The Alpha Helix has suppo ed esea che s om many ins i u ions and agencies, in es iga ing opics such as: • he ecosys ems o he sou heas Be ing Sea and Gul o Alaska, • physical and biological esponses o he Be ing and Chukchi seas o na u al a iabili y, • nea sho e oceanog aphy o he Chukchi and Beau o seas, • ocean dynamics and biological egimes in he P ibilo Islands a ea, and • in e ac ions among ma ine mammals, bi ds, and ishe ies. The FIC is placing a high p io i y on an Alpha Helix eplacemen ; he Science Mission Requi emen s s a emen no es ha a eplacemen essel should be o in e media e size, capable o ishe ies esea ch as well as oceanog aphic s udies, and mode a ely ice-s eng hened (no an iceb eake ) o ea ly sp ing/la e all Be ing Sea wo k. Such a essel is needed o sup- po inc easing agency and academic wo k on high-la i ude issues such as in e ac ions be ween he endange ed S elle sea lion and pollock o he Be ing Sea, which is he la ges single-species ishe y in No h Ame ica. A Memo andum o Unde s anding has been signed be ween he School o Fish- e ies and Ocean Sciences, Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks and he Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion wi h he in en o enhancing oppo uni ies o esea che s a bo h ins i u ions o conduc high la i- ude esea ch. As a i s s ep, he wo o gani- za ions will coope a e o design an in e me- dia e-sized esea ch essel mee ing he FIC speci ica ions ha migh also se e o he locales as in e media e ships a e eplaced. Fo mo e in o ma ion abou UNOLS and i s esea ch essels, see he UNOLS web si e (h p://www.unols.o g). Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he Alpha Helix, con- ac Ve a Alexande in Fai banks, AK (907/474-6824; ax 907/474-7386; [email p o ec ed]. edu). UNOLS Resea ch Vessels (see h p://www.unols.o g/ ic/planning/ l plan.h m) Ship Ope a ing Ins i u ion Owne Leng h(m) Buil /Re i Class I & II Kno Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion Na y 85 1970/89 Mel ille Sc ipps Ins i u ion o Oceanog aphy Na y 85 1969/90 Mau ice Ewing Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y NSF 73 1983/90 Thomas G. Thompson Uni e si y o Washing on Na y 84 1991 Roge Re elle Sc ipps Ins i u ion o Oceanog aphy Na y 85 1996 A lan is Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion Na y 84 1997 Class III & IV Alpha Helix Uni e si y o Alaska NSF 41 1966 Cape Henlopen Uni e si y o Delawa e U. Delawa e 37 1976 Gy e Texas A&M Uni e si y (TAMU) TAMU 55 1973/80 Poin Su Moss Landing Ma ine Labo a o ies NSF 41 1981 Cape Ha e as Duke Uni e si y/Uni e si y o No h Ca olina NSF 41 1981 Robe G. Sp oul Sc ipps Ins i u ion o Oceanog aphy SIO 38 1981/85 Pelican Louisiana Uni e si ies Ma ine Conso ium LUMCON 32 1985 Longho n Uni e si y o Texas U. Texas 32 1971/86 Edwin Link Ha bo B anch Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion (HBOI) HBOI 52 1982/88 Sea Di e Ha bo B anch Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion HBOI 35 1959/92 Endea o Uni e si y o Rhode Island NSF 56 1977/93 Wea he bi d II Be muda Biological S a ion o Resea ch (BBSR) BBSR 35 1981/93 Wecoma O egon S a e Uni e si y NSF 56 1976/94 Oceanus Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion NSF 54 1976/94 Sewa d Johnson Ha bo B anch Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion HBOI 63 1984/94 New Ho izon Sc ipps Ins i u ion o Oceanog aphy (SIO) SIO 52 1978/96 Class IV Lau en ian Uni e si y o Michigan U. Mich. 24 1974 Blue Fin Uni e si y Sys em o Geo gia U. Geo gia 22 1972/75 Cli o d A. Ba nes Uni e si y o Washing on NSF 20 1966/84 U aca Smi hsonian T opical Resea ch Ins i u e (STRI) STRI 33 1986/94 Blue He on Uni e si y o Minneso a U. Minn. 26 1985/98 F.G. Wal on Smi h* Uni e si y o Miami U. Miami 29 2000 The Ronald H. B own also pa icipa es in he UNOLS scheduling p ocess, al hough she is no a UNOLS essel. She was buil in 1996 (83 m), and is owned and ope a ed by he NOAA O ice o Ma ine and A ia ion Ope a ions. * In 2000, F.G. Wal on Smi h is expec ed o eplace Calanus, buil in 1971 (23 m). Bo h essels a e owned and ope a ed by he Uni e si y o Miami. Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709 PARCS S ee ing Commi ee Ma y E. Edwa ds, Co-Chai Geog a isk Ins i u No wegian Uni e si y o Science & Technology (NTNU) N-7034 T ondheim, No way Phone: +47/7359-1915 • Fax: +47/7359-1878 [email p o ec ed] Michael J. Re elle, Co-Chai Depa men o Geology Ba es College 44 Campus A enue Lewis on, ME 04240 Phone: 207/786-6155 • Fax: 207/786-8334 [email p o ec ed] Pa ick J. Ba lein Depa men o Geog aphy Uni e si y o O egon Eugene, OR 97403-1251 Phone: 541/346-4967 • Fax: 541/346-2067 [email p o ec ed] Julie B igham-G e e Depa men o Geosciences Uni e si y o Massachuse s Mo ill Science Cen e Campus Box 35820 Amhe s , MA 01003-5820 Phone: 413/545-4840 • Fax: 413/545-1200 [email p o ec ed] Ma hieu Du all Qua e na y Resea ch Cen e Uni e si y o Washing on Box 351360 Sea le, WA 98195 Phone: 206/543-0569 • Fax: 206/543-3836 [email p o ec ed] Glen M. MacDonald Depa men o Geog aphy Uni e si y o Cali o nia Los Angeles 405 Hilga d A enue Los Angeles, CA 90095 Phone: 310/825-2568 • Fax: 310/206-5976 [email p o ec ed] Gi o d H. Mille Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch Uni e si y o Colo ado Campus Box 450 Boulde , CO 80309-0450 Phone: 303/492-6962 • Fax: 303/492-6388 [email p o ec ed] Be e L. O o-Bliesne Clima e Change Resea ch Na ional Cen e o A mosphe ic Resea ch PO Box 3000 Boulde , CO 80307 Phone: 303/497-1723 • Fax: 303/497-1348 [email p o ec ed] John P. Smol Depa men o Biology-PEARL Queen’s Uni e si y 116 Ba ie S ee Kings on, ON K7L 3N6 Canada Phone: 613/533-6147 • Fax: 613/533-6617 [email p o ec ed] G ego y Zielinski Clima e Change Resea ch Cen e Uni e si y o New Hampshi e Mo se Hall, 39 College Road Du ham, NH 03824-3525 Phone: 603/862-1012 • Fax: 603/862-2124 [email p o ec ed] B uce P. Finney Ins i u e o Ma ine Science Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks PO Box 757220 Fai banks, AK 99775-7220 Phone: 907/474-7724 • Fax: 907/474-7204 [email p o ec ed] Aslaug Gei sdo i Depa men o Geosciences Uni e si y o Iceland Ja d aedahus Haskolans IS-101 Reykja ik, Iceland Phone: +354/5254477 • Fax: +354/5254499 [email p o ec ed] Malcolm K. Hughes Labo a o y o T ee-Ring Resea ch Uni e si y o A izona 105 W. S adium, Building 58 Tuscon, AZ 85721 Phone: 520/621-6470 • Fax: 520/621-8229 [email p o ec ed] Anne Jennings Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch Uni e si y o Colo ado Campus Box 450 Boulde , CO 80309-0450 Phone: 303/492-1375 • Fax: 303/492-6388 [email p o ec ed] Ana oly V. Lozhkin No heas In e disciplina y Resea ch Ins i u e—Fa Eas B anch Russian Academy o Sciences 16 Po o aya S ee 685000 Magadan, Russia Phone: +7/413-223-0944 Fax: +7/413-223-0051 [email p o ec ed], [email p o ec ed] ARCSS P og am Add esses Sp ing 2000 Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709 ARCUS Boa d o Di ec o s Linda B ubake College o Fo es Resou ces Uni e si y o Washing on PO Box 352100 Sea le, WA 98195-2100 Phone: 206/543-5778 • Fax: 206/543-3254 [email p o ec ed] h p://www.washing on.edu Taqulik Hepa Depa men o Wildli e Managemen No h Slope Bo ough PO Box 69 Ba ow, AK 99723 Phone: 907/852-0350 • Fax: 907/852-0351 [email p o ec ed] h p://www.co.no h-slope.ak.us John E. Hobbie, Execu i e Commi ee The Ecosys ems Cen e Ma ine Biological Labo a o y Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone: 508/289-7470 • Fax: 508/457-1548 [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.mbl.edu Hen y P. Hun ing on Hun ing on Consul ing PO Box 773564 Ancho age, AK 99577 Phone: 907/696-3564 • Fax: 907/696-3565 [email p o ec ed] Leslie A. King, Sec e a y En i onmen al S udies Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia 3333 Uni e si y Way P ince Geo ge, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada Phone: 250/638-5448 • Fax: 250/635-1395 [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.unbc.ca ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2000 Alaska No h Slope Bo ough Depa men o Wildli e Managemen h p://www.co.no h-slope.ak.us Thomas A. Albe Depa men o Wildli e Managemen No h Slope Bo ough PO Box 69 Ba ow, AK 99723 Phone: 907/852-0350 • Fax: 907/852-0351 [email p o ec ed] A izona S a e Uni e si y h p://www.asu.edu An hony J. B azel Depa men o Geog aphy A izona S a e Uni e si y PO Box 870104 Tempe, AZ 85287-0104 Phone: 480/965-6436 • Fax: 480/965-8313 [email p o ec ed] ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es Da id R. Klein AK Coope a i e Fish & Wildli e Resea ch Uni Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks PO Box 757020 Fai banks, AK 99775-7020 Phone: 907/474-6674 • Fax: 907/474-6967 [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.ua .edu Wieslaw Maslowski Depa men o Oceanog aphy - Code OC/Ma Na al Pos g adua e School 833 Dye Road, Room 331 Mon e ey, CA 93943-5122 Phone: 831/656-3162 • Fax: 831/656-2712 [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.nps.na y.mil Michael J. Re elle, Execu i e Commi ee Depa men o Geology Ba es College 44 Campus A enue Lewis on, ME 04240 Phone: 207/786-6155 • Fax: 207/786-8334 [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.ba es.edu Ma k C. Se eze Coope a i e Ins i u e o Resea ch in En i onmen al Sciences - NSIDC Uni e si y o Colo ado Campus Box 449 Boulde , CO 80309-0449 Phone: 303/492-2963 • Fax: 303/492-2468 [email p o ec ed] h p://www.colo ado.edu Ma hew S u m, T easu e Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y PO Box 35170 F . Wainw igh , AK 99703-0170 Phone: 907/353-5183 • Fax: 907/353-5142 [email p o ec ed] h p://www.c el.usace.a my.mil John E. Walsh Depa men o A mosphe ic Sciences Uni e si y o Illinois - U bana 105 S. G ego y A enue U bana, IL 61801 Phone: 217/333-7521 • Fax: 217/244-4393 [email p o ec ed] h p://www.ed.uiuc.edu/coe Pa icia A. Wheele College o Oceanic & A mosphe ic Sciences O egon S a e Uni e si y 104 Ocean Admin Building Co allis, OR 97331-5503 Phone: 541/737-0558 • Fax: 541/737-2064 [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.o s .edu Be na d D. Zak, P esiden En i onmen al Cha ac e iza ion & Moni o ing Sys ems Depa men Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies PO Box 5800 Albuque que, NM 87185-0755 Phone: 505/845-8631 • Fax: 505/844-0116 [email p o ec ed] • h p://in o.a m.go Ba es College h p://www.ba es.edu William G. Amb ose Biology Depa men Ba es College 44 Campus A enue Lewis on, ME 04240 Phone: 207/786-6114 • Fax: 207/786-6123 [email p o ec ed] Ge ald F. Bigelow Classical & Medie al S udies P og am Ba es College 44 Campus A enue Lewis on, ME 04240 Phone: 207/786-8320 • Fax: 207/786-8333 [email p o ec ed] B own Uni e si y h p://www.b own.edu Douglas D. Ande son Depa men o An h opology B own Uni e si y PO Box 1921 P o idence, RI 02912 Phone: 401/863-7060 • Fax: 401/863-7588 [email p o ec ed] Shepa d K ech, III add ess same as Douglas D. Ande son Phone: 401/863-7056 • Fax: 401/863-7588 [email p o ec ed] (con inued nex page) ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2000 ARCUS • 907/474-1600 • Fax 907/474-1604 • [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.a cus.o g/ ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es ( con inued ) Michigan S a e Uni e si y h p://www.msu.edu Pa ick J. Webbe Depa men o Bo any & Plan Pa hology Michigan S a e Uni e si y 100 N. Kedzie Hall Eas Lansing, MI 48824-1031 Phone: 517/355-1284 • Fax: 517/432-2150 [email p o ec ed] Robe D. Hollis e add ess same as Pa ick J. Webbe Phone: 517/432-2399 • Fax: 517/432-2150 [email p o ec ed] No he n Illinois Uni e si y h p://www.niu.edu Ross D. Powell Depa men o Geology No he n Illinois Uni e si y 312 Da is Hall DeKalb, IL 60115-2854 Phone: 815/753-7952 • Fax: 815/753-1945 [email p o ec ed] The Ohio S a e Uni e si y h p://www.acs.ohio-s a e.edu W. Be y Lyons By d Pola Resea ch Cen e The Ohio S a e Uni e si y 1090 Ca mack Road Columbus, OH 43210-1002 Phone: 614/688-3241 • Fax: 614/292-4697 [email p o ec ed] O egon S a e Uni e si y h p://www.o s .edu Timo hy Boyd College o Oceanic & A mosphe ic Sciences O egon S a e Uni e si y 104 Ocean Admin Building Co allis, OR 97331-5503 Phone: 541/737-4035 • Fax: 541/737-2064 [email p o ec ed] E elyn B. She add ess same as Timo hy Boyd Phone: 541/737-4369 • Fax: 541/737-2064 [email p o ec ed] San Diego S a e Uni e si y h p://www.sdsu.edu W. Timo hy Hushen San Diego S a e Uni e si y Founda ion— Resea ch Managemen San Diego S a e Uni e si y 5250 Campanile D i e San Diego, CA 92182 Phone: 619/594-4102 • Fax: 619/582-9164 [email p o ec ed] Douglas A. S ow Depa men o Geog aphy San Diego S a e Uni e si y 5500 Campanile D i e San Diego, CA 92182-4493 Phone: 619/594-5498 • Fax: 619/594-4938 [email p o ec ed] Emb y-Riddle Ae onau ical Uni e si y h p://www.e au.edu Gulamabas G. Si jee Physical Sciences Depa men Emb y-Riddle Ae onau ical Uni e si y 600 S. Clyde Mo is Boule a d Day ona Beach, FL 32114-3900 Phone: 904/226-6711 • Fax: 904/226-6713 [email p o ec ed] John J. Oli e o add ess same as Gulamabas Si jee Phone: 904/226-6709 • Fax: 904/226-6713 [email p o ec ed] Iøisaå ik College h p://ilisag ik.co.no h-slope.ak.us F ank Willingham Iøisaå ik College PO Box 749 Ba ow, AK 99723-0749 Phone: 907/852-1803 • Fax: 907/852-1805 [email p o ec ed] Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y o Columbia Uni e si y h p://www.ldeo.columbia.edu William M. Sme hie Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y PO Box 1000 Palisades, NY 10964-8000 Phone: 914/365-8566 • Fax: 914/365-8155 [email p o ec ed] James R. Coch an add ess same as William M. Sme hie Phone: 914/365-8396 • Fax: 914/365-8179 [email p o ec ed] Louisiana S a e Uni e si y h p://www.lsu.edu H. Jesse Walke Depa men o Geog aphy & An h opology Louisiana S a e Uni e si y Ba on Rouge, LA 70803-4105 Phone: 504/388-6130 • Fax: 504/388-4420 [email p o ec ed] Geo ge M. S ain Resea ch & G adua e S udies Louisiana S a e Uni e si y Ba on Rouge, LA 70803-4105 Phone: 504/388-5833 • Fax: 504/388-5983 [email p o ec ed] Ma ine Biological Labo a o y h p://www.mbl.edu B uce J. Pe e son The Ecosys ems Cen e Ma ine Biological Labo a o y Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone: 508/289-7484 • Fax: 508/457-1548 [email p o ec ed] Knu e Nadelho e add ess same as B uce J. Pe e son Phone: 508/289-7493 • Fax: 508/457-1548 [email p o ec ed] The Cen e o No he n S udies S e en Young The Cen e o No he n S udies 479 C oss Road Wolco , VT 05680-4088 Phone: 802/888-4331 • Fax: 802/888-3969 [email p o ec ed] S e en Cox add ess same as S e en Young Phone: 802/888-4331 • Fax: 802/888-3969 [email p o ec ed] Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y h p://www.c el.usace.a my.mil Deb a Meese Snow & Ice Di ision Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y 72 Lyme Road Hano e , NH 03755-1290 Phone: 603/646-4594 • Fax: 603/646-4644 [email p o ec ed] Wal e (Te y) Tucke , III add ess same as Deb a Meese Phone: 603/646-4268 • Fax: 603/646-4644 [email p o ec ed] Da mou h College h p://www.da mou h.edu O an R. Young Ins i u e o A c ic S udies Da mou h College 6114 S eele Hall, Room 408A Hano e , NH 03755-3577 Phone: 603/646-1278 • Fax: 603/646-1279 [email p o ec ed] Ross A. Vi ginia En i onmen al S udies P og am Da mou h College 6182 S eele Hall Hano e , NH 03755-3577 Phone: 603/646-1456 • Fax: 603/646-1682 [email p o ec ed] Dese Resea ch Ins i u e h p://www.d i.edu Randy Bo ys S o m Peak Labo a o y Dese Resea ch Ins i u e PO Box 770799 S eamboa Sp ings, CO 80477-0799 Phone: 970/879-8796 • Fax: 970/879-7819 [email p o ec ed] Joseph R. McConnell Wa e Resou ces Di ision Dese Resea ch Ins i u e 2215 Raggio Pa kway Reno, NV 89512 Phone: 775/673-7348 • Fax: 775/673-7363 [email p o ec ed] Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709 ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es ( con inued ) ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2000 Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies h p://www.sandia.go Wayne Ein eld En i onmen al Cha ac e iza ion & Moni o ing Sys ems Depa men Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies PO Box 5800 Albuque que, NM 87185-0755 Phone: 505/845-8314 • Fax: 505/844-0968 [email p o ec ed] Ma k D. I ey add ess same as Wayne Ein eld Phone: 505/845-9574 • Fax: 505/844-0116 [email p o ec ed] Smi hsonian Ins i u ion h p://www.si.edu S ephen Lo ing A c ic S udies Cen e Depa men o An h opology Smi hsonian Ins i u ion 10 h and Cons i u ion A enue, NW Washing on, DC 20560 Phone: 202/357-4742 • Fax: 202/357-2684 [email p o ec ed] A on L. C owell Ancho age Museum o His o y & A Smi hsonian A c ic S udies Cen e Smi hsonian Ins i u ion 121 W. 7 h A enue Ancho age, AK 99501 Phone: 907/343-6162 • Fax: 907/343-6130 [email p o ec ed] Texas A&M Uni e si y h p://www. amu.edu Da id A. B ooks College o Geosciences Texas A&M Uni e si y 3148 CAMPUS College S a ion, TX 77843-3148 Phone: 979/845-3651 • Fax: 979/845-0056 [email p o ec ed] Mahlon C. Kennicu Geochemical & En i onmen al Resea ch G oup Texas A&M Uni e si y 833 G aham Road College S a ion, TX 77845 Phone: 979/862-2323 • Fax: 979/862-2361 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age h p://www.uaa.alaska.edu Kim M. Pe e son Depa men o Biological Sciences Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age 3211 P o idence D i e Ancho age, AK 99508 Phone: 907/786-4772 • Fax: 907/786-4607 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks h p://www.ua .edu Roge W. Ruess Ins i u e o A c ic Biology Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks PO Box 757000 Fai banks, AK 99775-7000 Phone: 907/474-7153 • Fax: 907/474-6967 [email p o ec ed] Ted DeLaca O ice o A c ic Resea ch Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks PO Box 757560 Fai banks, AK 99775-7560 Phone: 907/474-7314 • Fax: 907/474-1836 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Colo ado h p://www.colo ado.edu Amanda Lynch CIRES/PAOS Uni e si y o Colo ado Campus Box 216 Boulde , CO 80309-0216 Phone: 303/492-5847 • Fax: 303/492-1149 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Massachuse s h p://www.umass.edu Julie B igham-G e e Depa men o Geosciences Uni e si y o Massachuse s Campus Box 35820 Amhe s , MA 01003-5820 Phone: 413/545-4840 • Fax: 413/545-1200 [email p o ec ed] Raymond S. B adley add ess same as Julie B igham-G e e Phone: 413/545-2120 • Fax: 413/545-1200 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Miami h p://www.miami.edu Pe e J. Minne Rosens iel School o Ma ine & A mosphe ic Science Uni e si y o Miami 4600 Rickenbacke Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Phone: 305/361-4104 • Fax: 305/361-4622 [email p o ec ed] Za e Top add ess same as Pe e J. Minne Phone: 305/361-4110 • Fax: 305/361-4911 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Neb aska-Lincoln h p://www.unl.edu Ka l C. Kui inen Snow & Ice Resea ch G oup Uni e si y o Neb aska-Lincoln 2255 W. S ee , Sui e 101 Lincoln, NE 68583-0850 Phone: 402/472-9833 • Fax: 402/472-9832 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o New Hampshi e h p://www.unh.edu Da id Ba le Ins i u e o he S udy o Ea h, Oceans, & Space Uni e si y o New Hampshi e Mo se Hall, 39 College Road Du ham, NH 03824-3525 Phone: 603/862-0322 • Fax: 603/862-1915 [email p o ec ed] Be ien Moo e, III add ess same as Da id Ba le Phone: 603/862-1766 • Fax: 603/862-0188 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Washing on h p://www.washing on.edu Ronald S. Sle en Qua e na y Resea ch Cen e Uni e si y o Washing on Box 351360 Sea le, WA 98195-1360 Phone: 206/543-0571 • Fax: 206/543-3836 [email p o ec ed] Jody W. Deming School o Oceanog aphy Uni e si y o Washing on Box 357940 Sea le, WA 98195 Phone: 206/543-0845 • Fax: 206/543-0275 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison h p://www.wisc.edu Da id M. Mickelson Depa men o Geology & Geophysics Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison 1215 W. Day on S ee Madison, WI 53711 Phone: 608/262-7863 • Fax: 608/262-0693 [email p o ec ed] James G. Bockheim Depa men o Soil Science Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison 1525 Obse a o y D i e Madison, WI 53706-1299 Phone: 608/263-5903 Fax: 608/265-2595 [email p o ec ed] Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion h p://www.whoi.edu Susumu Honjo Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone: 508/540-1162 • Fax: 508/540-9439 [email p o ec ed] Richa d Pi enge Ma ine Ope a ions Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone: 508/289-2597 • Fax: 508/457-2185 [email p o ec ed] ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2000 ARCUS • 907/474-1600 • Fax 907/474-1604 • [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.a cus.o g/ In e na ional A ilia es Al ed Wegene Ins i u e o Pola & Ma ine Resea ch h p://www.awi-b eme ha en.de Jö n Thiede Al ed Wegene Ins i u e o Pola & Ma ine Resea ch Columbuss asse D-27568 B eme ha en, Ge many Phone: +49/471-4831-1100 Fax: +49/471-4831-1102 [email p o ec ed] Raine Paulenz add ess same as Jö n Thiede Phone: +49/471-4831-1110 Fax: +49/471-4831-1102 [email p o ec ed] Associa ion o Canadian Uni e si ies o No he n S udies (ACUNS) h p://aix1.uo awa.ca/associa ions/aucen-acuns Pe e G. Johnson Geog aphy Depa men Uni e si y o O awa PO Box 450, S a ion A O awa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada Phone: 613/562-5800 ex . 1061 Fax: 613/562-5145 [email p o ec ed] [email p o ec ed] Michel Alla d Cen e d’E udes No diques Uni e si e La al Pa illon Cha les DeKoninck (5268) Sain e-Foy, QC G1K 7P4 Canada Phone: 418/656-2512 • Fax: 418/656-3960 [email p o ec ed] GEOMAR Resea ch Cen e o Ma ine Geosciences h p://www.geoma .de Heidema ie Kassens Resea ch Cen e o Ma ine Geosciences GEOMAR Wischho s asse 1-3, Geb 4 D-24148 Kiel, Ge many Phone: +49/431-6002-850 Fax: +49/431-6002-941 [email p o ec ed] McGill Uni e si y h p://www.mcgill.ca Ma ianne S enbaek Cul u al S udies Depa men McGill Uni e si y 853 She b ooke S ee Mon eal, QC H3A 2T6 Canada Phone: 514/398-6579 • Fax: 514/398-8146 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia h p://www.unbc.ca Ke in Hall Geog aphy P og am Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia 3333 Uni e si y Way P ince Geo ge, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada Phone: 250/960-5864 • Fax: 250/960-5538 [email p o ec ed] Ka he ine Pa ke Fo es y P og am Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia 3333 Uni e si y Way P ince Geo ge, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada Phone: 250/960-5812 • Fax: 250/960-5539 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o T omsø h p://www.adm.ui .no/s udie/ o eign/ind Ing ild B och Resea ch Depa men Uni e si y o T omsø N-9037 T omsø, No way Phone: +47/7764-4262 • Fax: +47/7764-4900 [email p o ec ed] F i s N. Jensen Roald Amundsen Cen e o A c ic Resea ch Uni e si y o T omsø N-9037 T omsø, No way Phone: +47/7764-5240 • Fax: +47/7767-6672 [email p o ec ed] No wegian Pola Ins i u e h p://www.npola .no Ola O heim Pola En i onmen al Cen e No wegian Pola Ins i u e Pola miljøsen e e N-9296 T omsø, No way Phone: +47/7775-0620 Fax: +47/7775-0501 [email p o ec ed] Pål P es ud Resea ch Depa men No wegian Pola Ins i u e Pola miljøsen e e N-9296 T omsø, No way Phone: +47/7775-0530 Fax: +47/7775-0501 [email p o ec ed] Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e h p://www.sp i.cam.ac.uk Kei h S. Richa ds Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e Uni e si y o Camb idge Lens ield Road CB2 1ER Camb idge, UK Phone: +44/1223-336-579 Fax: +44/1223-336-549 [email p o ec ed] William J. Mills add ess same as Kei h S. Richa ds Phone: +44/1223-336-557 Fax: +44/1223-336-549 [email p o ec ed] The Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d (UNIS) h p://www.unis.no Lasse Lønnum The Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d PO Box 156 N-9171 Longyea byen, No way Phone: +47/7902-3305 Fax: +47/7902-3301 [email p o ec ed] T ond Dokken Depa men o Geology The Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d PO Box 156 N-9171 Longyea byen, No way Phone: +47/7902-3331 Fax: +47/7902-3301 [email p o ec ed] Execu i e Di ec o Wendy K. Wa nick Business Manage Alison A. Ca e Execu i e Assis an Diane Wallace P ojec Manage s Josh Klaude Sue Mi chell Alison Yo k P ojec Coo dina o Renée C ain Indigenous Cu iculum Specialis Sean Topkok Accoun an Ma ie Duncan ARCUS S a