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con inued on nex page
Ch onicles o he NSF A c ic Sciences P og am Sp ing 2002, Volume 9 Numbe 2
ARCTIC
In No embe 2001, Ancien Ice, Cool
Science: Clima e Change in he No h
opened a he Pea y-MacMillan A c ic
Museum a Bowdoin College in B uns-
wick, Maine. On iew un il all 2003,
he new exhibi , designed o he gene al
public, p esen s a b oad a ay o in o ma-
ion abou con empo a y esea ch on
clima e change in he A c ic. The A c ic
Museum’s Russell and Jane Doubleday
endowmen unded he de elopmen and
p oduc ion o Ancien Ice.
The idea o an exhibi on clima e
change g ew in pa om isi o s’ eac-
ions o p e ious exhibi s and p og ams
add essing he ela ionship o a ious
no he n g oups o he en i onmen .
Local elemen a y school s uden s,
Bowdoin College unde g adua es, ou is s,
and o he isi o s we e o en su p ised o
lea n, o example, he ex en o pas
clima ic and en i onmen al changes and
ha no all changes we e caused by
humans. Museum s a no ed ha , while
media p esen a ions o opics in clima e
change may o e simpli y and sensa ional-
ize he issues, mo e de ailed schola ly
p esen a ions a e less accessible o gene al
audiences. As he s a pe cei ed a need
o dissemina e in o ma ion abou clima e
change esea ch, hey also ecognized he
inc easing numbe o Bowdoin acul y
eaching and in es iga ing opics ela ed o
clima ic and en i onmen al change. They
saw an oppo uni y o engage and chal-
lenge isi o s wi h a wide a ay o in o ma-
ion abou clima e change by using h ee-
dimensional objec s, suppo ed by pho o-
g aphs and o he g aphics, o ell s o ies.
Ancien Ice ells i s complex s o ies
h ough case s udies based on pa icula
issues o speci ic esea ch p ojec s. D aw-
ing on con ibu ions om museum s a ,
college acul y, and o he colleagues, he
exhibi explo es how:
•wea he and clima e a e ela ed,
•pas and cu en clima es a e s udied,
•a c ic clima es ha e changed in he pas
and a e changing now,
•a c ic people ha e adap ed o pas
clima e change, and
•p esen and u u e change may a ec
no he n esiden s.
Fo housands o yea s, Inui ha e used sea ice, an
in eg al pa o he a c ic ma ine ecosys em, as a hun ing
pla o m and a highway. Employing Inui echniques,
explo e s such as Robe E. Pea y a eled wi h dog-
d awn sleds o e he sea ice o he A c ic Ocean in hopes
o eaching he No h Pole. On his 1906 and 1908
expedi ions, Pea y, his c ews, and Inui companions
e ied dogs, men, and supplies ac oss nume ous leads—
c acks ha open in he ice—using blocks o ice as ba ges.
Ul ima ely, Pea y’s pa h o he No h Pole in Ap il 1906
was blocked by a la ge expanse o open wa e and mo ing
ice. Today, a el o e sea ice is inc easingly di icul and
dange ous, as he ice co e is hinning (hand- in ed glass
lan e n slide by Donald B. MacMillan, 1908–09. Gi
o Donald and Mi iam MacMillan, © Bowdoin College).
Ch onicles o he NSF A c ic Sciences P og am Sp ing 2002, Volume 9 Numbe 2
Ancien Ice, Cool Science
B ings he Public Face o Face
Wi h Clima e Change Resea ch in he No h
Gene ie e LeMoine and Susan A. Kaplan
Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 3535 College Road • Sui e 101 • Fai banks, AK 99709
2
Fea u e A icle
Se ing he Con ex : Wea he and Clima e
Because mos isi o s ha e li le back-
g ound in clima e s udies, Ancien Ice
in oduces basic concep s o wea he and
clima e. Fo he exhibi , Bowdoin College
acul y Pe e Lea (Geology), Ca ey Phillips
(Biology), and p og amme Randall
Downe expanded hei me eo ological
s udy om he college’s Coas al S udies
Cen e on nea by O ’s Island o he
own o B unswick and p epa ed a web
si e so ha isi o s can obse e eal- ime
da a om he wo loca ions. They can
also explo e his o ic wea he ends and,
h ough access o he Wea he Unde g ound
web si e (www.wunde g ound.com), iew
wea he condi ions ac oss he A c ic and
An a c ica. O he in o ma ion ha helps
isi o s connec wea he in he sho e m
wi h clima e in he long e m includes:
•snow all da a om ecen decades in
Maine (cou esy o Ma k Zielinski,
Uni e si y o Maine, O ono);
•a compa ison o ins umen al eco ds
and p oxy da a om England o e he
pas millennium, including in o ma ion
de i ed om ice co es, co al, lake sedi-
men s, and ee ings (p epa ed by
Philip Jones and colleagues, Uni e si y
o Eas Anglia); and
•lake sedimen co e sec ions (cou esy
o Mike Re elle, Ba es College, and
Ma ianne Douglas, Uni e si y o
To on o).
The exhibi uses ee ings o illus a e
he links among wea he , g ow h a e, and
clima e. E en young child en equen ly
a e amilia wi h he concep o annual
g ow h ings and can g asp how his
in o ma ion can be used o econs uc
clima e. Visi o s a e s uck by he ob ious
dispa i ies in g ow h a es in a ious spe-
cies o ees and in specimens om di e -
en clima ic a eas. The exhibi con as s:
•small (15–25 cm diame e ) ee cookies
aken om Lab ado ees ha we e
abou 200 yea s old; he ma e ial is
om a dend och onology p ojec un
by Susan Kaplan (di ec o o he A c ic
Museum) and Rosanne D’A igo and
B endan Buckley (Lamon -Dohe y
Ea h Obse a o y); wi h
•slabs o wood wo ee in diame e om
wo ees om he Bowdoin campus.
One ee, an oak, was abou 200 yea s
old when i died, while a simila -sized
pine ee was only hal ha age.
Long- e m Clima e Change
Mos people a e amilia wi h clima e
change in he o m o ice ages— okens o
Pleis ocene ice shee s abound in Maine—
bu in Ancien Ice, isi o s come ace o ace
wi h p ehis o ic indica o s o opical
clima e in he High A c ic. Fossil wood, 45
million yea s old, om he Eocene o es s
o Axel Heibu g Island (len by James
Basinge , Uni e si y o Saska chewan) and
cas s o dinosau bones and oo p in s om
Bylo Island and he No h Slope o Alaska
(cou esy o Roland Ganglo and Ke in
May, Uni e si y o Alaska Museum) show
isi o s ha he A c ic was once a much
wa me place.
The eco ds om co es ex ac ed om
he G eenland ice shee in 1992 and 1993
(see Wi ness Sp ing 1997) desc ibe 110,000
yea s o clima ic and en i onmen al change
in unp eceden ed de ail. In Oc obe 1999,
as esea che s inished collec ing and ca a-
loging da a om he co es, he Na ional
Ice Co e Labo a o y began making he
deaccessioned ice co es a ailable o educa-
ional pu poses. Wi h he assis ance o
Ma k Twickle (Uni e si y o New Hamp-
shi e), a one-me e sec ion o he 3,029-
me e ice co e ob ained by he G eenland
Ice Shee P ojec Two (GISP2) became one
o he ancho pieces o he Ancien Ice
exhibi (see pho o). Visi o s d awn o i s
jewel-like quali y a e soon engaged in
displays ha add dep h o he exhibi ,
including:
•pho og aphs o esea che s a he d ill
si e (cou esy o he Paleoclima ology
P og am o he Na ional Oceanic and
A mosphe ic Adminis a ion; www.
ngdc.noaa.go /paleo/educa ion.h ml);
•a d ill bi used in co ing glacial ice in
An a c ica (loaned by Ma k Ba le,
Bowdoin College); and
•a 2.4 m g aph o changes in oxygen
iso ope (18O) a ios, a p oxy indica o o
empe a u e, h oughou he eco d
p o ided by he GISP2 ice co e,
illus a ed wi h images and cap ions
highligh ing signi ican geological and
his o ical e en s.2
Clima e Change and Wildli e
Case s udies o he e ec s o clima e
change on a c ic wildli e explo e he e ec s
o apidly wa ming and cooling empe a-
u es on animals, he impo ance o bo h
sea ice and polynyas o ma ine ecosys ems,
and he dynamics o he No h A lan ic
Oscilla ion. G an Gilch is and Ian
S i ling (Canadian Wildli e Se ice) and
Mike Hammill (Depa men o Fishe ies
and Oceans, Canada) a e among he biolo-
gis s who supplied ecen da a on a c ic
species, including eide ducks, inged seals,
pola bea s, and eindee . Animal moun s,
ca ings, Inui implemen s and clo hing,
pho og aphs, and o he g aphics help
communica e hese complex s o ies and
hei signi icance o a c ic esiden s.
Clima e Change and Human His o y
O he Ancien Ice case s udies examine
how clima e change has a ec ed human
socie ies and demons a e how paleo-
clima ic esea ch, a chaeology, his o y, and
o he paleoscience disciplines can be used
o unde s and cul u al esponses o clima e
change. Thomas McGo e n (Ci y Uni e -
si y o New Yo k-Hun e College) and
his colleagues in es iga ed he G eenland
No se, whose cul u al in lexibili y doomed
hem o ex inc ion a ound AD 1350
(see Wi ness Au umn 1994). This s o y is
illus a ed wi h G eenlandic No se objec s
on loan om he Na ional Museum
o Denma k.
The No se case s udy con as s wi h
ha o he Thule people—ances o s o
p esen -day G eenlandic and No h
Ame ican Inui —who success ully adap ed
o he Medie al Wa m Pe iod and he
Li le Ice Age. This s o y is old wi h deco-
a i e clo hing, elabo a e weapons used o
hun e es ial and ma ine mammals in a
a ie y o en i onmen s, and e hnohis o ic
pho og aphs om he museum’s collec-
ions. The case s udy illus a es how he
A sec ion o he G eenland Ice Shee P ojec Two
(GISP2) ice co e (113–114 m, da ing o he 17 h
cen u y) is one o he s a s o he Ancien Ice show. Li
wi h ibe op ics agains a backg ound o black el e , he
sec ion is displayed in a cus omized household eeze wi h
a he moplane op amed in che y1. (pho o by Da id
Maschino, © Bowdoin College).
3
Fea u e A icle
In Maine, he summe o 1816 was bo h colde and
d ie han usual. F os s hi inland a ms in e e y mon h
o he yea , and sou he n Maine expe ienced he sho es
g owing season e e eco ded—jus 68 days. The igu e
shows daily and mon hly mean empe a u es o 1816
a B unswick, on sou he n Maine’s coas . William R.
Ba on, His o ic Clima e Reco ds O ice. In: Yea
Wi hou a Summe ? Wo ld Clima e in 1816, C. R.
Ha ing on, ed., 1992 ( igu e cou esy o he au ho ).
To adap success ully o changing condi ions in di e en egions o he A c ic, Thule people and hei p esen -day Inui
descendan s ha e de eloped a complex a ay o ools and echniques o hun a a ie y o species, depending on
a ailabili y. In his July 1922 pho o, a Ba in Island man holds a ish lu e. In his o he hand, he g asps a spea o
impale ish d awn o he lu e (gela in p in by Donald B. MacMillan. Ka a an and Nipa chee ishing, Goding Lake.
Gi o Donald and Mi iam MacMillan, © Bowdoin College).
JF
MAMJ JASOND
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Daily and Mon hly A e age Tempe a u es a B unswick, Maine, 1816
Deg ees Celsius
Mon h
Inui lou ished in condi ions ha
de as a ed he No se.
Ancien Ice also explo es he ami ica-
ions o apid change by ocusing on
olcanic e up ions. Geological specimens,
pho og aphs o e up ions and o ca s
co e ed in ash gene a ed by Moun
S . Helens, and a canis e o eph a
om ha e up ion b ing his uni o li e.
Scien is s a e no he only people
obse ing and cul i a ing an in-dep h
unde s anding o how no he n en i on-
men s ha e been changing. Anne Henshaw
(di ec o o Bowdoin’s Coas al S udies
Cen e ) in e iewed Inui om Ba in
Island conce ning changing en i onmen al
condi ions hey ha e wi nessed in hei
li e imes. Visi o s can wa ch ideos o
some o hese in e iews a an Ancien Ice
kiosk. Ano he display de o ed o 1816,
known as “ he yea wi hou a summe ,”
includes he o iginal no ebook in which
Pa ke Clea eland, hen p esiden o
Bowdoin College, eco ded wea he condi-
ions h ee imes a day, documen ing he
unusually cold summe ha doomed
Maine’s ag icul u al indus y (see igu e).
Ancien Ice also explo es he e ec s ha
humans can ha e on Ea h’s en i onmen ,
using he oxic elemen lead as an example.
This display includes:
•a Roman cup and piece o pipe made o
lead (on loan om he Museum o A ,
Bowdoin College, and P o esso James
Higginbo ham, Classics);
•lead o e om he Pola is Mine in
Nuna u , Canada (dona ed by
Cominco, L d.);
•ad e isemen s o “e hyl,” a lead-based
addi i e o gasoline; and
•da a om he GISP2 ice co e3 ha
documen he use o lead by he Romans,
he apid ise in a mosphe ic lead wi h
he in oduc ion o leaded gasoline, and
i s p ecipi ous d op since he enac men
o he 1970 Clean Ai Ac .
Beyond Museum Walls
Ancien Ice is no con ined o i s
display cases. A yea be o e he exhibi
opened, he museum collabo a ed wi h
Ma k Ba le and he Bowdoin College
Physics Depa men o hos a con e ence,
“Un a eling Clima e Change.” In Ap il
2002, he museum hos ed a second
symposium, “Coas al Communi ies and
Clima e Change in he No h A lan ic,”
in collabo a ion wi h he Coas al S udies
Cen e and he En i onmen al S udies
P og am. The museum also sponso ed
“Wea he Whys,” a mo ning o amily
ac i i ies abou wea he , ice, and no he n
peoples ha a ac ed app oxima ely
250 isi o s in Ap il 2002.
Dozens o clima e esea che s a ound
he wo ld con ibu ed o he de elopmen
and p oduc ion o Ancien Ice. Indi idual
esea che s, a chi es, and go e nmen al
agencies we e e y gene ous, helping
museum s a ob ain, in e p e , and
cus omize massi e da ase s and ex ensi e
pho og aphic iles. On he s eng h o his
unp eceden ed gene osi y, we ha e been
able o inc ease he public’s unde s anding
o his impo an esea ch and he ole o
he A c ic in he Ea h’s dynamic his o y.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic
Museum web si e (h p://academic.
bowdoin.edu/a c icmuseum), o con ac
Susan A. Kaplan (207/725-3289; ax 207/
725-3499; [email p o ec ed]).
No es
1. The case was designed and de eloped by
Da id Maschino, exhibi coo dina o a
he A c ic Museum. Fo in o ma ion on case
plans and he challenges o exhibi ing ice,
please con ac he au ho s.
2. The g aph was p oduced using da a om
he “G eenland Summi Ice Co es CD-
ROM, GISP2/GRIP,” 1997, p oduced by
he In e na ional Ice Co e Da a Coope a i e
and he Na ional Snow and Ice Da a Cen-
e , Uni e si y o Colo ado, and he Wo ld
Da a Cen e o Paleoclima ology, Na ional
Geophysical Da a Cen e .
3. Hong, S., J. P. Candelone, C. C. Pa e son,
and C. F. Bou on. 1994. G eenland ice
e idence o hemisphe ic lead pollu ion wo
millennia ago by G eek and Roman ci iliza-
ions. Science 265:1841–43; Leg and, M.
and R. J. Delmas. 1998. T ends eco ded
in G eenland in ela ion wi h No he n
Hemisphe e an h opogenic pollu ion.
Global Change Newsle e 36:14–17.
Gene ie e LeMoine is cu a o / egis a ,
and Susan A. Kaplan is di ec o o he
Pea y-MacMillan A c ic Museum and
A c ic S udies Cen e , Bowdoin College.
4
This a icle con inues a se ies on cu en
opics in a c ic uppe a mosphe ic esea ch.
S udies o noc ilucen clouds, hei connec-
ion o wo majo g eenhouse gases, and he
de ec able changes expec ed in he uppe
a mosphe e due o hese gases, a e highly
ele an o clima e-change esea ch and
o a mosphe ic science in gene al.
In 1885, obse e s in no he n Ge many
i s epo ed he appea ance o high,
hin clouds ha seemed o glow a dusk.
By 1887, nume ous obse e s had epo ed
nigh luminous clouds o e no he n
Eu ope. Da a om he pas 30 yea s indi-
ca e ha he numbe o noc ilucen cloud
(NLC) occu ences has nea ly doubled,
and in he pas ew yea s, NLC ha e been
seen o e he cen al Uni ed S a es nea
40° N— he lowes la i udes ye eco ded.
The highes clouds in he Ea h’s
a mosphe e, noc ilucen clouds o m in
he uppe mesosphe e a an a e age al i-
ude o 82 km. A mos a ew kilome e s
hick, NLC o m in bo h pola egions
du ing hei espec i e summe mon hs—
ypically om abou 3–5 weeks be o e
summe sols ice o 7–9 weeks a e wa d.
The gene al ci cula ion o he global
mesosphe e is cha ac e ized by upwa d
winds in he summe hemisphe e ha
cycle la i udinally o downwa d winds in
he win e hemisphe e. The expansion o
gases caused by he upwa d winds esul s
in summe empe a u es a high la i udes
in he uppe mesosphe e ha a e ypically
below 140 K (-133°C). NLC o m as
mesosphe ic wa e apo eezes on con-
densa ion nuclei in his pool o ex eme
cold as i sp eads om he “summe ” pole
o 50° la i ude by la e May and e ac s
again by la e Augus . The na u e o he
nuclei is an ac i e esea ch opic; he mos
likely candida es a e me eo ic dus pa -
icles and p o on hyd a e ions. The adius
o a cloud pa icle is ypically less han
100 nanome e s. Pa icle size dis ibu ion
and shape a e s ill unde in es iga ion.
Connec ions o Global Change
The wo main ac o s leading o NLC
o ma ion a e an inc ease in wa e apo
and/o a dec ease in he local empe a-
u e. A mosphe ic me hane and ca bon
Noc ilucen Clouds Connec ed o G eenhouse Gases
dioxide le els di ec ly a ec NLC o ma-
ion h ough hese wo ac o s. Me hane is
an impo an sou ce o mesosphe ic wa e
apo . While oposphe ic wa e apo is
p e en ed om dispe sing in o he meso-
sphe e by he cold ap o he opopause,
me hane escapes. Once anspo ed in o
he uppe a mosphe e, me hane can o m
wa e apo by in e ac ing wi h a omic
oxygen and hyd oxyl adicals. Roughly
speaking, each me hane molecule leads
o wo wa e molecules. The wo- old
inc ease in me hane concen a ions o e
he Indus ial e a may, he e o e, pa ly
explain he inc ease in NLC obse a ions.
The ac ha NLC we e i s epo ed
in 1885—only 117 yea s ago, a ela i ely
sho ime, conside ing ha he au o a has
been obse ed o cen u ies—may also be
connec ed o he massi e 1883 e up ion
o K aka au. I is possible ha a g ea deal
o he wa e apo injec ed in o he s a o-
sphe e by he olcano was anspo ed o
he pola uppe mesosphe e wi hin wo
yea s, apidly in oducing enough new
ma e ial o b ing he de eloping, bu no
ye de ec able, NLC in o isibili y.
Models indica e ha he expec ed
doubling o ca bon dioxide in he nex 100
yea s will lead o a 10 K dec ease in meso-
sphe ic empe a u e. This will inc ease he
al i udinal egion suppo ing NLC o ma-
ion and ex end he pool o low empe a-
u es in which he clouds o m o middle
la i udes. P edic ions o global change also
include inc eased oposphe ic s o m ac i -
i y and he associa ed buoyancy o g a i y
wa es ha anspo ene gy in o he
mesosphe e egion. These wa es b eak a
mesosphe e al i udes, ans e ing momen-
um o he wind sys em ha gene a es he
cold empe a u es o he summe uppe
mesosphe e. An inc ease in g a i y wa e
ac i i y could u he dec ease uppe
mesosphe e empe a u es.
Science Suppo
A ne wo k o g ound obse e s om
No h Ame ica o Asia has eco ded NLC
beha io on an o ganized basis o decades,
p o iding in aluable in o ma ion on NLC
occu ence and s uc u e (www.nlcne .co.
uk). Since 1970, sa elli e-bo ne op ical
ins umen a ion has allowed unobs uc ed
iews o NLC, imp o ing knowledge o
hei global dis ibu ion and mig a ion
du ing he summe mon hs.
The NSF Uppe A mosphe ic Resea ch
Sec ion (www.geo.ns .go /a m/uppe .h m)
and NASA ocke and sa elli e p og ams
(h p://spacescience.nasa.go ) und U.S.
esea ch on NLC, including no el emo e-
sensing app oaches and sophis ica ed
ocke payloads. G ound s a ions, such as
ALOMAR in No way (www. ocke ange.
no/aloma ) and Sønd es øm in G eenland
(h p://is .s i.com), use ada s, lida s, and
o he op ical ins umen s o s udy NLCs.
Ins umen a ion on a NASA sa elli e
known as TIMED, launched in 2001
(www. imed.jhuapl.edu), will p o ide new
insigh s in o NLC and he mesosphe e.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see h p://lasp.
colo ado.edu/noc ilucen _clouds/, o
con ac Je Thaye in Menlo Pa k, CA
(650/859-3557; ax 650/322-2318;
[email p o ec ed]).
Because noc ilucen clouds a e op ically
hin, hey can be obse ed only when
he sun is 6–12° below he ho izon.
Unde hese condi ions, he Ea h’s
shadow da kens he oposphe e, while
he sun con inues o illumina e he
uppe mesosphe e. In his Augus 2000
pho o aken in Valkeakoski, Finland
(24° E, 61° N), he oposphe ic clouds
a e da k bands on he ho izon, and he
noc ilucen clouds a e he whi e clouds
abo e (pho o by Tom Eklund).
A c ic Uppe A mosphe e Resea ch
5
NSF News
The Biocomplexi y in he En i on-
men (BE) ini ia i e, which NSF
began in FY 1999 (see Wi ness Sp ing/
Au umn 1999) is a mul iyea , agency-wide
e o in en i onmen al science, enginee -
ing, and educa ion. Biocomplexi y e e s
o phenomena ha a ise om dynamic
in e ac ions wi hin biological sys ems and
be ween hese sys ems and he physical
en i onmen .
In he 2000 BE compe i ion, NSF
awa ded $52.5 million o 16 ull-scale
p ojec s and 57 incuba ion ac i i ies. In
2001, NSF unded 32 esea ch p ojec s
and 41 explo a o y p ojec s o a o al o
$55 million. Fo he 2002 BE ini ia i e,
NSF expec s o ha e $37.5 million a ail-
able o und 40–50 p ojec s. P oposals
we e due ea lie his yea ; awa ds will be
announced his au umn in i e
in e disciplina y a eas:
•Dynamics o Coupled Na u al and
Human Sys ems (CNH),
•Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles (CBC),
•Ma e ials Use: Science, Enginee ing,
and Socie y (MUSES),
•Genome-Enabled En i onmen al Sci-
ence and Enginee ing (GENEN), and
•Ins umen a ion De elopmen o
En i onmen al Ac i i ies (IDEA).
In he keyno e add ess o he 2002
A c ic Fo um, held in May in A ling on,
VA, NSF Di ec o Ri a Colwell no ed ha
h ee o he 2002 BE a eas—CNH, CBC,
and IDEA—ha e “di ec applica ions in
he A c ic.”
A c ic Topics Funded in 2000 and 2001
In 2000 and 2001, he BE ini ia i e
awa ded i e yea s o unding o wo a c ic
esea ch p ojec s:
•in es iga ions o a c ic os -boil
ecosys ems—Donald (Skip) Walke
(Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks); and
• he bio- eedback basis o sel -
o ganiza ion in plank onic ecosys ems
—Pe e Ve i y (Skidaway Ins i u e o
Oceanog aphy).
BE incuba ion awa ds ele an o he
A c ic include:
•assembling esou ces o s udies on
he e ec s o oceanog aphic a iabili y
on ma ine mammal popula ions and
Na i e subsis ence hun ing—Ca in
Biocomplexi y Awa ds Fund A c ic Resea ch Topics
ships and s imula e p oposals o
in es iga e he Human Dimensions o
he A c ic Sys em (HARC; see Wi ness
Au umn 2001 and page 11)—Hen y
Hun ing on (ARCUS); and
•wo kshops o plan esea ch on he
impac o a c ic en i onmen al change
on ecosys ems and socie y (see Wi ness
Au umn 2001 and page 8)—James
Mo ison (Uni e si y o Washing on).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, including he
comple e lis o Biocomplexi y awa ds,
see www.geo.ns .go /e e/e e_be-
compe i ions.h ml.
Ashjian (Woods Hole Oceanog aphic
Ins i u e);
•mul idisciplina y in es iga ions o
human-salmon-ecosys em in e ac ions
in he Be ing Sea—He be Maschne
(Idaho S a e Uni e si y);
• e iewing ac o s known o egula e
dime hyl sul ide concen a ions in
seawa e wi h he goal o de eloping
acomp ehensi e unde s anding o
biogenic sul u dynamics and hei links
o global clima e—Pa icia Ma ai
(Bigelow Labo a o y o Ocean Sciences);
•wo kshops o de elop esea ch pa ne -
Funds A ailable o S udy A c ic F eshwa e
Cycle and Land/Ocean Linkages
In Feb ua y 2002, NSF announced ha $30 million is expec ed o be a ailable
o e i e yea s o und 20–30 awa ds ha add ess he physical, chemical, and/o
biogeochemical cha ac e o he a c ic eshwa e sys em and in e ac ions wi h he
subpola oceans. The p og am solici a ion emphasizes pa icula ly he esea ch
planning o h ee p og ams:
•A c ic/SubA c ic Ocean Fluxes (ASOF; see Wi ness Win e 2000/2001),
•Pan-A c ic Communi y-wide Hyd ological Analysis and Moni o ing P og am
(A c ic-CHAMP; see page 9), and
• he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH; see Wi ness Au umn 2001
and page 8).
The solici a ion does no seek p oposals o he ull ASOF, CHAMP, o
SEARCH p ojec s bu ins ead will ocus on he ollowing opics:
•implemen a ion o in e na ionally coo dina ed obse a ion sys ems ha ake
ad an age o inno a i e echnological ad ances and can se e as p o o ypes
o sus ained, long- e m e o s o documen and unde s and a iabili y in
key eshwa e , ice, and chemical ace luxes and/o p ocesses wi hin he
a c ic land, a mosphe e, and uppe -ocean sys ems and he eleconnec ion o he
suba c ic oceans;
•syn hesis and in eg a ion o a ailable da a and modeling s udies o e eal
p ocesses, linkages, and causes o a iabili y in he a c ic e es ial, a mosphe e,
and uppe -ocean hyd ologic cycle; and
•documen a ion and assessmen on he decade- o-cen u y imescale o he
a iabili y o he a c ic hyd ologic eshwa e cycle and associa ed changes
in oceanic wa e -mass p ope ies in he A c ic Ocean.
The p oposed esea ch mus con ibu e o:
•a pan-a c ic unde s anding o he eshwa e land/ocean sys em and i s
in luence on egional o global-scale p ocesses, and
• he goals o SEARCH.
P oposals we e due in ea ly June 2002. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac
Neil Swanbe g (703/292-8029; ax 703/292-9082; [email p o ec ed]) o
Robin Muench (703/292-7436; ax 703/292-9082; [email p o ec ed])
in A ling on, VA, o see www.ns .go /pubs/2002/ns 02071/ns 02071.h ml o
he comple e solici a ion.

6
ARCSS P og am
The A c ic Sys em Science (ARCSS)
P og am held i s second All-Hands
Wo kshop in Sea le, Washing on 20–23
Feb ua y 2002. Mo e han 300 membe s
o he a c ic esea ch communi y came
oge he o sha e in o ma ion and help
plan he u u e o he ARCSS P og am.
In he weeks be o e he wo kshop,
in es iga o s conside ed speci ic esea ch
opics and ini ia i es in se e al online dis-
cussions. This i ual discussion p ocess
allowed pa icipan s o e lec on ARCSS
p io i ies be o e he wo kshop i sel .
The opening plena y p esen a ions
emphasized he p ima y goal o he All-
Hands Wo kshop—a icula ing u u e
di ec ions o he ARCSS P og am. Jack
K use, ou going ARCSS Commi ee (AC)
chai , ou lined he p og am’s s uc u e
and objec i es o u u e esea ch. Mike
Ledbe e , ARCSS P og am di ec o ,
s essed he in eg a i e, coo dina ed, and
hema ic app oach o a c ic sys em science
ha cha ac e izes ARCSS.
On behal o he AC, Amanda Lynch
in oduced a p ocess o mo ing om
cu en ARCSS knowledge o u u e
ARCSS esea ch, s essing majo
disco e ies, key unce ain ies and eadiness
o educing hose unce ain ies, and
p io i ies o in eg a i e esea ch. The same
guidelines s uc u ed e iews o each
exis ing ARCSS componen :
•Paleoen i onmen al A c ic Sciences
(PARCS; see page 11),
•Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions
(OAII; see page 9),
•Land-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions
(LAII; see page 9),
•Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on Shel -
Land En i onmen s in he A c ic
(RAISE; see page 10), and
•Human Dimensions o he A c ic
Sys em (HARC; see page 11);
and o eme ging a c ic esea ch ini ia i es:
•Pan-A c ic Communi y-wide Hyd ologi-
cal Analysis and Moni o ing P og am
(A c ic-CHAMP; see page 9), and
•S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change
(SEARCH; see page 8).
A mode a ed panel e alua ed p og ess
on he b oad hema ic ques ions ou lined
in he 1998 ARCSS science plan (see Wi -
ness Sp ing 1998). Fou wo king g oups
discussed u u e di ec ions o he eme ging
ARCSS P og am:
•Modes o Va iabili y in he A c ic
Sys em (see page 8),
•The Hyd ologic Cycle and i s Role in
A c ic and Global En i onmen al
Change (A c ic-CHAMP; see page 9),
•Land-Shel In e ac ions (LSI) ini ia i e
(see page 10), and
•Pan-A c ic Cycles, T ansi ions, and
Sus ainabili y: Changes in Biophysical,
Biogeochemical, and Social Sys ems
(PACTS; see page 10).
In addi ion, an ad hoc wo king g oup
o s uden s discussed young in es iga o s’
pe spec i es on he p og am (see page 8).
Each wo king g oup iden i ied
nume ous oppo uni ies o in eg a ion
and collabo a ion (see ollowing pages o
summa ies o he wo king g oup discus-
sions). Plena y discussions e ealed a
b oad consensus o con inue he delibe -
a ely in eg a ed app oach o ARCSS
esea ch and o coo dina e u u e e o s
a ound science-d i en hema ic ques ions
and esea ch ini ia i es, a he han
disciplina y componen s. In he inal
session, Jack K use in oduced Jona han
O e peck o he Uni e si y o A izona as
he incoming AC chai .
Fo mo e in o ma ion on he ARCSS
All-Hands Wo kshop and online discus-
sions, see he ARCUS web si e (www.
a cus.o g/ARCSS/allhands2002), o con-
ac Ac ing ARCSS P og am Di ec o Neil
Swanbe g o Associa e P og am Di ec o
Luis Tupas in A ling on, VA (703/292-
8030; ax 703/292-9082; nswanbe @
ns .go ; [email p o ec ed]), o AC Chai
Jona han O e peck in Tucson, AZ
(520/622-9065; ax 520/792-8795;
[email p o ec ed]).
ARCSS All-Hands Wo kshop Shapes Fu u e Di ec ions
A he 2002 ARCSS All-Hands Wo kshop, mo e han 45
unde g adua e and g adua e s uden s o med a young
in es iga o s’ wo king g oup o iden i y common conce ns
and sha e in o ma ion (pho o by Ben Wade).
Ledbe e Passes he To ch
In May 2002, ARCSS P og am Di ec o Mike Ledbe e announced ha he will
lea e NSF in mid-2002 o join he Uni e si y o A kansas a Li le Rock as dean
o he College o Science and Ma hema ics. Ledbe e began wo king wi h he
ARCSS esea ch communi y as he associa e p og am di ec o in 1994 and has been
he di ec o o he ARCSS P og am since 1995.
Neil Swanbe g, who has been a p og am manage in he NSF A c ic Na u al
Sciences P og am since 2000, becomes ac ing p og am di ec o o ARCSS
beginning 17 June 2002. A biological oceanog aphe by aining, Swanbe g se ed
as depu y execu i e di ec o o he In e na ional Geosphe e-Biosphe e P og am
om 1992–2000 be o e joining he OPP s a (see Wi ness Sp ing 2000).
Luis Tupas joined OPP as ARCSS associa e p og am di ec o in No embe
2001 on an In e go e nmen al Pe sonnel Ac (IPA) o a ion. Tupas is on lea e
om he Depa men o Oceanog aphy a he Uni e si y o Hawaii.
In announcing his depa u e om NSF, Ledbe e p aised he ARCSS commu-
ni y, saying, “The esea che s, s ee ing commi ees, da a manage s, and logis ics
p o ide s ha e all wo ked in conce o p oduce a uly in e disciplina y esea ch
p og am ha has con inually inc eased i s p o ile in a c ic esea ch.”
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ARCSS P og am web si e (www.ns .go /od/opp/
a c ic/sys em.h m). Fo mo e in o ma ion on he NSF IPA p og am, see
www.ns .go /oi m/h m/jobs/ o a o s/s a .h m.
7
ARCSS P og am
Following he All-Hands Wo kshop,
he ARCSS Commi ee (AC) me wi h
ARCSS science managemen o ice di ec-
o s and science s ee ing commi ee chai s
o u he de elop he wo kshop’s ecom-
menda ions in he con ex o he u u e
ARCSS P og am. The g oup e ised and
e ined he i e b oad hema ic ques ions
om he 1998 ARCSS science plan (see
p e ious page), based on he accomplish-
men s and new p io i ies iden i ied du ing
he wo kshop. This summa y in oduces:
• he new ARCSS hema ic ques ions,
•a en a i e plan o he e ised o ganiza-
ion o he ARCSS P og am, and
• he cu en ly ac i e o planned ARCSS
esea ch ini ia i es.
Thema ic Ques ions
The AC ecommended ha ARCSS
P og am esea ch be o ganized acco ding
o h ee hema ic ques ions, which ha e
de eloped om:
• he ques ions p esen ed in he 1998
ARCSS science plan,
•ongoing esea ch and new indings, and
•planning discussions wi hin he esea ch
communi y.
The e ised ques ions emphasize h ee
in e ela ed concep s undamen al o an
imp o ed unde s anding o he a c ic
sys em as a whole:
•sus ainabili y,
•p edic abili y, and
• eedbacks.
An impo an assump ion unde lying
hese ques ions is ha many changes in
he global clima e sys em a ec he a c ic
sys em. Changes in he A c ic may, in
u n, eed back on he globe.
Sus ainabili y
How do human ac i i ies in e ac
wi h changes in he A c ic o a ec he
sus ainabili y o ecosys ems and socie ies?
Since human ac i i ies in he A c ic
depend closely upon he en i onmen ,
a c ic esiden s and esou ce de elope s a e
suscep ible o a c ic change and capable o
con ibu ing signi ican ly o i . Fo
example, bo h human de elopmen and
a wa ming clima e can haw pe ma os ,
wi h implica ions o a c ic enginee ing
and de elopmen and o global
biogeochemis y and hyd ology. Resea ch
add essing his ques ion includes:
• he eme ging Land-Shel In e ac ions
(LSI; see page 10) and Pan-A c ic
Cycles, T ansi ions, and Sus ainabili y
(PACTS; see page 10) ini ia i es,
• he Human Dimensions o he A c ic
Sys em (HARC; see page 11), and
• esea ch ele an o ARCSS suppo ed
by he NSF-wide Biocomplexi y in he
En i onmen p og am (see page 5).
P edic abili y
Wha a e he limi s o a c ic sys em
p edic abili y? Recen da a indica e changes
o he a c ic clima e o e he pas hal -
cen u y ha a e wi hou p eceden o e
a leas he p e ious h ee cen u ies.
Al hough hese changes ha e impo an
epe cussions o science and socie y, hei
causes, ex en , and p obable ou comes
emain unclea and di icul o p edic .
Fo example, obse a ional da a sugges
ha wa me A lan ic wa e s a e pene a -
ing a he in o he A c ic Ocean, a ec ing
global wea he and clima e. Can we
de elop enough o a p edic i e unde -
s anding o his and many o he phenom-
ena o be able o o mula e policy esponses
o hese changes? Resea ch ela ed o his
ques ion includes:
•aspec s o long- e m obse a ional
p og ams, such as Paleoen i onmen al
A c ic Sciences (PARCS; see page 11)
and he In e na ional Tund a
Expe imen (ITEX; see Wi ness Win e
2000/2001);
•planned p og ams such as he S udy o
En i onmen al A c ic Change
(SEARCH; see page 8);
• he modeling componen s o e e y
aspec o ARCSS esea ch; and
•a possible ini ia i e conce ning modes o
a iabili y in he a c ic sys em (see page 8).
Feedbacks
How will changes in a c ic cycles and
eedbacks a ec a c ic and global sys ems?
The a c ic sys em is linked o he global
sys em h ough complex, dynamic physical
and biogeochemical mechanisms, which
will espond o changes in he a c ic sys-
em and eed back o he global sys em.
Fo example, global clima e models
sugges ha CO2-induced wa ming is
ampli ied by declining sea ice in he
A c ic, bu models e u n widely a iable
esul s on he deg ee o he ampli ica ion.
This ques ion, pa icula ly conce ning
eedbacks wi hin he a c ic sys em, has
been he ocus o much o he esea ch
unded by ARCSS o da e, including:
• he Wes e n A c ic Shel -Basin
In e ac ions P ojec (SBI; see page 18),
• he Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on
Shel -Land En i onmen s in he A c ic
(RAISE; see page 10),
•A c ic T ansi ions in he Land-
A mosphe e Sys em (ATLAS; see
Wi ness Au umn 2001), and
•Su ace Hea Budge o he A c ic Ocean
(SHEBA; see Wi ness Au umn 2001).
The new Communi y-wide Hyd ological
Analysis and Moni o ing P og am (A c ic-
CHAMP; see page 9) ini ia i e also
add esses his ques ion.
P og am O ganiza ion
As he ARCSS P og am con inues o
de elop i s in eg a i e s uc u e, each o
he cu en and eme ging ARCSS esea ch
ini ia i es will con ibu e p ima ily o one
o he h ee hema ic ques ions desc ibed
abo e. The hema ically d i en ARCSS
P og am, howe e , will no be a es ic i e
s uc u e; a p ojec o ini ia i e may well
add ess mul iple esea ch ques ions.
While science s ee ing commi ees and
science managemen o ices will con inue
o guide ocused esea ch e o s, exis ing
componen science s ee ing commi ees
may be eplaced g adually by mo e in e-
g a i e heme-based o e sigh commi ees.
The ARCSS Commi ee, which will o a e
and expand i s membe ship, will con inue
o ep esen he communi y o ARCSS
esea che s and p o ide o e sigh and
di ec ion o he p og am.
De eloping Resea ch Ini ia i es
The ini ia i es discussed by he wo k-
ing g oups a he All-Hands Wo kshop
ep esen cu en o po en ial esea ch
e o s ha will de elop u he o e he
nex ew yea s (see p e ious page and
ollowing pages o mo e de ails).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he sou ces
lis ed on page 6.
ARCSS Focuses on Sus ainabili y, P edic abili y, Feedbacks
8
ARCSS P og am
Dis inguishing na u al a iabili y
om an h opogenic change in he
a c ic clima e sys em is challenging
because o limi a ions in:
•obse a ional da a se ies,
• empo al esolu ion and spa ial ex en o
many paleoen i onmen al da ase s, and
• heo e ical and mechanis ic unde s and-
ing o he s uc u e and e olu ion o
in e annual and decadal a iabili y.
The issue is u he complica ed by he
inc easing e idence ha he a c ic sys em,
like any sys em, mani es s p e e ed s a es
ha a e bo h pe sis en and ecu en ,
e e ed o as modes o a iabili y. The
sea ch o and analysis o such s a es is
undamen al o unde s anding bo h na u-
al a iabili y and esponses o o cing.
A he 2002 All-Hands Wo kshop, he
Modes o Va iabili y wo king g oup dis-
cussed he ele ance o his impo an new
esea ch a ea o he a c ic sys em and iden-
i ied some key unce ain ies, including:
Wo king G oup Discusses A c ic Sys em Va iabili y
•Wha is known abou h esholds,
ab up changes, high a es o change,
and ex eme e en s?
•How do we de ine he ex eme s a es
o he a c ic sys em?
•How do we p oduce use ul scena ios
o u u e change?
•Wha a e he in e ac ions be ween
global and a c ic modes o a iabili y?
How migh a c ic en i onmen al
changes a ec en i onmen s and
socie ies a lowe la i udes?
Add essing hese unce ain ies will
equi e imp o ed concep ual models o
a iabili y as well as enhanced obse a-
ional ime se ies and paleoen i onmen al
da a. The wo king g oup also iden i ied
speci ic oppo uni ies o collabo a ion
wi h o he esea ch e o s, including:
•NSF p og ams such as Long-Te m
Ecological Resea ch (see page 15) and
Long-Te m Obse a o ies (see Wi ness
Sp ing 2000), as well as p og ams in
o he NSF Di ec o a es; and
•In e na ional p og ams such as A c ic/
Suba c ic Ocean Fluxes (see page 5) and
Clima e Va iabili y and P edic abili y
(see Wi ness Win e 2000/2001).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ARCUS
web si e (www.a cus.o g/ARCSS/
allhands2002/modes_discussion.h ml).
Modes o Va iabili y and SEARCH
The in e agency S udy o En i onmen-
al A c ic Change (SEARCH; see Wi ness
Au umn 2001) is a majo eme ging
esea ch ini ia i e, which, like he ARCSS
P og am, seeks o unde s and en i on-
men al change in he A c ic.
Because bounda ies be ween ARCSS
and SEARCH a e some imes di icul o
de ine, discussions in he ARCSS Modes
o Va iabili y wo king g oup encompassed
se e al issues ela ed o SEARCH. Topics
ela ed o he de eloping SEARCH
implemen a ion plan included:
•es ablishing he dominan modes o
a iabili y o he A c ic Ocean and a c-
ic ma ine and e es ial ecosys ems;
•unde s anding he in e ac ions o hese
modes; and
•de eloping a modeling and obse a ion
sys em ha will allow p edic i e
unde s anding o hese modes.
SEARCH Wo kshop Repo A ailable
In No embe 2001, 68 in es iga o s
me in Sea le o he SEARCH Wo kshop
on La ge-Scale A mosphe e/C yosphe e
Obse a ions. Pa icipan s e iewed exis -
ing land, sea ice, and a mosphe ic obse a-
ions o de e mine how cu en obse a-
ion sys ems can bes be used and enhanced
o unde s and and an icipa e he cou se o
he ongoing changes in he A c ic.
The wo kshop epo is a ailable on
he NOAA A c ic Theme web si e
(www.a c ic.noaa.go ). Fo mo e in o ma-
ion, con ac Jim O e land in Sea le, WA
(206/526-6795; ax 206/526-6485;
[email p o ec ed]).
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou
SEARCH, see he SEARCH web si e
(h p://psc.apl.washing on.edu/sea ch), o
con ac Jamie Mo ison in Sea le, WA
(206/543-1394; ax 206/616-3142;
[email p o ec ed]).
Young In es iga o s Sha e Pe spec i es
App oxima ely 80 s uden s pa icipa ed in he ARCSS All-Hands Wo kshop. An
ad hoc s uden wo king g oup o med on he las day o he wo kshop and
de eloped ecommenda ions in he ollowing ca ego ies. They p esen ed hei ideas
o he ARCSS communi y in plena y session.
In e disciplina y Science
•Ne wo king is especially impo an in he ARCSS P og am, whe e la ge
in e disciplina y p ojec s a e he no m.
•Specialis s a e i al o in e disciplina y p ojec s; hey should no be dis ega ded
in he ques o g ea e in eg a ion.
•S uden s mus be ained o wo k e ec i ely wi h colleagues in o he ields.
Collabo a ion
•Compe i ion o limi ed unds canno o e ide impo an science ques ions.
•Because o he eno mous size o he A c ic, da a is spa se. In e na ional
collabo a ions could help ill some o hese gaps.
•Indus ies wi h expe ience wo king in he A c ic may ha e use ul in o ma ion
o a c ic logis ics planning.
Human Impac s in he A c ic
•A c ic esiden s mus ha e a oice in a c ic science as s akeholde s and as bea e s
o accumula ed knowledge o he A c ic.
•Impo an issues ela ed o human impac s on he A c ic ha a e complex o
poli ically cha ged (e.g., con aminan s, bioaccumula ion) a e ele an o
unde s anding he a c ic sys em and should be explo ed by ARCSS esea che s.
Spa ial and Tempo al Scale in ARCSS O ganiza ion
•S uc u e he ARCSS P og am in such a way ha he global, egional, and local
scales a e all accoun ed o , since he scaling issue has he po en ial o con ound
many pan-a c ic s udies.
9
ARCSS P og am
Following a 1998 ecommenda ion o
he ARCSS Commi ee, he ARCSS
P og am sponso ed a communi y wo k-
shop on pan-a c ic hyd ologic s udies in
Sep embe 2000 a he Na ional Cen e
o Ecological Analysis and Syn hesis in
San a Ba ba a, Cali o nia. Mo e han 30
in es iga o s ga he ed a he wo kshop o:
•assess he s a e o he a in a c ic
sys ems hyd ology, and
•iden i y esea ch p io i ies o achie ing
p edic i e unde s anding o he ole o
he a c ic wa e cycle in global change.
A majo p oduc o he wo kshop is
The Hyd ological Cycle and i s Role in
A c ic and Global En i onmen al Change,
published by ARCUS in 2001. This epo :
•de ines majo esea ch and syn hesis
challenges in a c ic sys ems hyd ology,
•p o ides ecommenda ions o in es -
men s in a c ic sys ems hyd ology, and
•ou lines he de elopmen o a new pan-
A c ic Communi y-wide Hyd ological
Analysis and Moni o ing P og am
(A c ic-CHAMP).
The A c ic-CHAMP p og am aims o
ca alyze and coo dina e in e disciplina y
esea ch and o cons uc a holis ic unde -
s anding o a c ic hyd ology, h ough:
•in eg a ion o ou ine obse a ions,
•p ocess-based ield s udies, and
•in eg a i e modeling.
Fou majo goals guide he A c ic-
CHAMP e o :
• o assess and be e unde s and he
s ocks and luxes ha cons i u e he
a c ic hyd ologic cycle;
•by documen ing changes o he a c ic
wa e cycle, o con ibu e a hyd ological
componen o he mul iagency S udy o
En i onmen al A c ic Change
(SEARCH; see page 8);
• o unde s and he causes o changes in
he a c ic wa e cycle and assess hei
di ec impac s on biological and
biogeochemical sys ems; and
• o de elop p edic i e simula ions o
global and human social esponses o
eedbacks a ising om p og essi e
changes o a c ic hyd ological sys ems.
All-Hands Wo kshop Discussions
Du ing he wo king g oup discussions
a he ARCSS All-Hands Wo kshop,
Hyd ological Analysis and Moni o ing Wo k Ad ances
pa icipan s epea edly a icula ed:
• he u gen need o main ain long- e m
hyd ological da a se ies, and
• he impo ance o biogeochemical
cycling and hyd ological p ocess s udies
in he A c ic-CHAMP e o .
Key unce ain ies iden i ied du ing he
discussions included:
•Wha is he ole o lakes in a c ic wa e ,
ene gy, and biogeochemical cycles?
•Wha a e he mechanisms o cloud
o ma ion and dissipa ion, and wha
ole do a c ic clouds play in he sys em?
•Wha a e he con ols on he iming,
magni ude, and quali y o i e inpu s
in o he A c ic Ocean, and wha is he
a e o his inpu ?
•Wha a e he impac s o changes in he
hyd ological cycle on humans?
Add essing hese unce ain ies will
equi e imp o emen s in he leng h and
quali y o da a eco ds. Aspec s o he
sys em ha in luence hese unce ain ies,
such as pe ma os dynamics, ae osols,
snow, and ege a ion, also will need s udy.
Fu he , changes in hese cycles will a ec
no jus humans bu also ege a ion,
mic obial p ocesses, and mac o auna.
The A c ic-CHAMP Science S ee ing
Commi ee (SSC) is de eloping a de ailed
in e disciplina y implemen a ion plan, and
some unding has been made a ailable o
suppo esea ch e o s con ibu ing o he
objec i es o A c ic-CHAMP (see page 5).
An online wo kshop in Ap il 2002
ocused on de eloping a human dimen-
sions componen o he A c ic-CHAMP
e o (see page 11 and 28).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see www.a cus.
o g/ARCSS/hyd o/index.h ml, o con ac
A c ic-CHAMP co-chai s La y Hinzman
in Fai banks, AK (907/474-7331; ax 907/
474-7979; [email p o ec ed]) o Cha les
Vö ösma y in Du ham, NH (603/862-
0850; ax 603/862-0587;
[email p o ec ed]).
ARCSS Componen s Sha e Resul s and Plans
In No embe 2001, mo e han 200 esea che s unded by he ARCSS Land-
A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (LAII) and Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (OAII)
componen s ga he ed o hei espec i e All-Hands mee ings in Sal Lake Ci y,
U ah (see Wi ness Au umn 2001), as well as o join sessions ha included ep esen-
a i es o Paleoen i onmen al A c ic Sciences (PARCS; see page 11) and he
Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on Shel -Land En i onmen s in he A c ic (RAISE;
see page 10). The g oup endo sed a de eloping ini ia i e o add ess c ucial en i on-
men al esea ch p oblems ela ed o he a c ic land-sea bounda y (see page 10).
LAII Upda e
The eco d o he No embe LAII mee ing is a ailable on he LAII web si e.
Ma hew S u m o he Cold Regions Resea ch and Enginee ing Lab eplaces Te y
Chapin as he chai o he LAII Science S ee ing Commi ee (SSC); he SSC is
d a ing a majo new science plan based on discussions a he No embe 2001 and
Feb ua y 2002 All-Hands mee ings (see page 10). The LAII Science Managemen
O ice will emain a he Uni e si y o Alaska Cen e o Global Change. Fo mo e
in o ma ion, see he LAII web si e (www.laii.ua .edu), o con ac Pa icia Ande son
in Fai banks, AK (907/474-5415; ax 907/474-6722; [email p o ec ed]).
OAII Upda e
Don Pe o ich o he Cold Regions Resea ch and Enginee ing Lab eplaces
Lou Codispo i as he chai o he OAII Science S ee ing Commi ee. The OAII Sci-
ence Managemen O ice will emain a he Uni e si y o Ma yland Cen e o En-
i onmen al Science. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he OAII web si e (h p://a css-
oaii.hpl.umces.edu), o con ac Jane Hawkey in Camb idge, MD (410/221-8416;
ax 410/221-8490; [email p o ec ed]).
16
A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am
S alba d’s Geology Holds Clues o Ancien Clima es
The geological eco d indica es ha
he la e hal o he Neop o e ozoic
pe iod (app oxima ely 750–543 million
yea s ago) was a umul uous ime. Gla-
cie s shed deb is on e e y con inen , e en
on as opical shel es whe e wa m-wa e
ca bona es had been mo e common.
Se e al ea u es associa ed wi h he
Neop o e ozoic glacial deposi s a e no able:
•In places, he glacial deb is is in e -
bedded wi h i on o ma ion, which
o ms only a e oceans ha e been
de icien in oxygen. I on o ma ion
is absen om he geological eco d
du ing he p eceding billion yea s.
•Wo ldwide, he glacial deposi s a e
sha ply o e lain by wa m-wa e
ca bona es, signaling a apid end
o he glacia ions.
•The nega i e ca bon iso ope anomalies
(low 12C/13C a ios) in he ca bona es
indica e a majo dec ease in he global
bu ial o o ganic ma e .
The many unusual cha ac e is ics o
he Neop o e ozoic geological eco d ha e
led se e al in es iga o s o ad ance he
con o e sial “Snowball Ea h” hypo hesis,
which pos ula es ha he Neop o e ozoic
glacia ions we e so se e e ha he en i e
ocean oze o e . Such a global deep eeze
would occu i he ice line eached abou
30° la i ude, a which poin he ice-albedo
eedback would c oss he c i ical h eshold
o “ unaway” glacia ion. The “snowball”
would ha e pe sis ed o up o ens o mil-
lions o yea s, un il ca bon dioxide (CO2)
om olcanic sou ces buil up su icien ly
o wa m he lowe a mosphe e o he
mel ing poin o ice. A ha poin , he
ice-albedo eedback would ha e e e sed,
ans o ming he Ea h in o a ansien
ul a-g eenhouse un il con inen al wea h-
e ing could scou much o he CO2 om
he a mosphe e. These apocalyp ic clima e
swings may ha e occu ed as many as ou
imes du ing he Neop o e ozoic, wi h
he inal episode jus p eceding he i s
appea ance o animals in he ossil eco d.
The NSF A c ic Na u al Sciences P o-
g am has unded Paul Ho man (Ha a d
Uni e si y), a majo p oponen o he
Snowball Ea h hypo hesis, o in es iga e
he s a ig aphy and geochemis y o he
uppe Hecla Hoek succession in no h-
eas e n S alba d. The uppe pa
o he Hecla Hoek, known as he
Pola isb een G oup, con ains
wo dis inc glacial ho izons.
P elimina y esul s om hese
glacial o ma ions sugges e y
di e en condi ions p eceding
each glacia ion. The olde glacia-
ion is p esaged by a nega i e
ca bon iso ope anomaly ha is
a iably unca ed benea h an
e osional discon o mi y. The
younge glacia ion, on he o he
hand, is p eceded by a posi i e
anomaly and appea s ab up ly
in he s a ig aphic eco d,
wi hou e idence o e osion.
Below he Pola isb een G oup lies he
Akadmike b een G oup, 2000 m o nea ly
con inuous ma ine ca bona es de oid o
glacial deposi s. Radiome ic da es con-
s ain hei app oxima e age o less han
950 million yea s old, so hey may ha e
been deposi ed en i ely du ing nonglacial
imes. Ea lie wo k on hese ocks,
howe e , e ealed la ge swings in ca bon
iso ope a ios, which may indica e he
changes in biological p oduc i i y
associa ed wi h ice ages.
Ho man and g adua e s uden Galen
Hal e son easoned ha , i hese ocks
spanned a snowball e en , an e osional
discon o mi y o e lain by a dis inc i e cap
ca bona e sequence would be e iden . I
he cap ca bona e also p ese ed a nega i e
ca bon iso ope anomaly, hey would ha e
a leas ci cums an ial e idence o glacia-
ion. In 1999, Hal e son and ellow g adu-
a e s uden Adam Maloo ound a possible
cap ca bona e in he G usdie b een Fo ma-
ion, he lowe mos uni in he Akademi-
ke b een G oup. The base o his 30 m
hick sequence consis s o g een, hen ed,
shales o e lying a conspicuous e osional
su ace. The sequence s ands ou agains a
backg ound s a ig aphy o con inuous
shallow-wa e ca bona es. Geochemical
analyses e ealed a la ge nega i e ca bon
iso ope anomaly a he exposu e su ace,
con i ming a majo pe u ba ion o he
global ca bon cycle.
Hal e son and Maloo iden i ied his
sequence o ocks and documen ed he
ca bon iso ope anomaly in wo o he loca-
ions. Paleomagne ic analyses show ha :
• hese ocks we e deposi ed in low
la i udes, and
• he exposu e su ace ep esen s
along hia us in sedimen a ion.
Wi hou associa ed glacial deposi s o
adiome ic da es o link his sequence o
o he cap ca bona es, i s ela ion o glacia-
ion emains specula i e. Ho man’s g oup
is pu suing u he analy ical wo k o
econs uc o he changes in ocean
chemis y ac oss his bounda y, es ing
he hypo hesis ha hey ha e unco e ed
ac yp ic glacia ion.
Se e al hund ed me e s abo e he
G usdie b een cap ca bona e is ano he
majo sequence bounda y o e lain by
o ganic- ich shales, which pass upwa d
in o mid-shel limes ones. In con as o
he G usdie b een su ace, his one co e-
sponds o a posi i e ca bon iso ope anomaly,
indica ing en i onmen al condi ions ha
p omo ed high biological p oduc i i y.
By iden i ying di e ences be ween suc-
cessi e glacia ions, Ho man’s g oup hopes
o be able o make co ela ions wi h o he
glacial deposi s wo ldwide and o unco e
clues o wha ac ually igge ed he glacia-
ions. Ul ima ely, hey also hope o unde -
s and wha paleogeog aphical and bio-
geochemical condi ions we e esponsible
o his p olonged pe iod o clima ic
ins abili y a he close o he P ecamb ian.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Paul
Ho man in Camb idge, MA (617/495-
3636; ax 617/496-0434; ho man@
eps.ha a d.edu), o see www.sciam.com/
2000/0100issue/0100ho man.h ml.
The d ama ic ca bon iso ope anomalies ound in he Akademike b een
G oup o he Hecla Hoek succession p esen an enigma: wha en i on-
men al condi ions d o e he appa en ly ab up oscilla ions be ween
ex emely high and ex emely low a es o o ganic ma e bu ial in he
Neop o e ozoic oceans? (pho o © Galen Hal e son).

17
150˚W
120˚W
90
o
W
120
o
E
150˚E
180˚W
70˚N
75˚N
80˚N
85˚N
Mendelee Ridge
Chukchi
Bo de land
A lan ic
Paci ic
in o basin?
Hyd og aphic
Moo ing
Pola S a
2002 lines
sec ion
A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am
The mos impo an subsu ace A c ic
Ocean anspo sys em is an an i-
clockwise bounda y cu en unning along
he con inen al slopes and majo
ansa c ic idges. This cu en dis ibu es
wa e s, con aminan s, and ace s om he
A lan ic ( ia F am S ai and he Ba en s
Sea) and he Paci ic ( ia Be ing S ai )
a ound and in o he deep a c ic basins.
On i s ci cuma c ic pa hway, pa s o he
opog aphically s ee ed cu en a e
di e ed away om he con inen al
ma gin, gene ally along oceanic idges.
The mos complex obs acle encoun-
e ed by he bounda y cu en is he
Mendelee Ridge/Chukchi Bo de land
complex, no h o he Paci ic en ance o
he A c ic. This egion is he c oss oads o
Paci ic wa e s om he sou h and A lan ic
wa e s ca ied om he wes wi h he
bounda y cu en (see igu e). The a ea’s
o uous ba hyme y o e s many ou es
o a opog aphically s ee ed cu en . The
spa se exis ing da a on he cu en show:
•high spa ial a iabili y, e lec ing he
ba hyme ic complexi y o he egion;
•signi ican in e annual a iabili y, con-
sis en wi h he changes obse ed in he
pas decade h oughou he A c ic; and
•possible e idence ha he egion may
di e signi ican amoun s o wa e
in o he deep basins.
The Chukchi/Mendelee egion is
impo an o shel -basin exchange, deep
basin en ila ion, and ci cum- and
A lan ic Mee s Paci ic a an A c ic C oss oads
ansa c ic ci cula ion (wi h he associa ed
implica ions o eedbacks o he wo ld
ocean). Because o a lack o su icien ly
concen a ed obse a ions, howe e , he
pa hways and exchanges in his a ea
emain unclea , bo h quali a i ely and
quan i a i ely. Unde a h ee-yea g an
om he NSF A c ic Na u al Sciences
P og am, a eam o U.S. and Canadian
scien is s will in es iga e he physical and
chemical oceanog aphy o his egion.
The p ojec ’s objec i es a e o:
•delinea e he pa hways o he bounda y
cu en ca ying he A lan ic wa e pas
he Mendelee Ridge and h ough he
Chukchi Bo de land;
•asce ain he inpu om he bounda y
cu en and he shel es o he deep A c ic
Ocean in he icini y o he Mendelee
Ridge and he Chukchi Bo de land;
•unde s and and quan i y he pa hways
and ans o ma ions o he Paci ic
wa e s h ough his egion;
•desc ibe he ho izon al and e ical
s uc u e o he bounda y cu en
and es ima e i s anspo ; and
•quan i y ecen empo al changes in his
egion by combining he spa ially spa se
da a ex ending h ough mos o he pas
decade wi h new de ailed synop ic
measu emen s.
In la e summe 2002, he USCG ice-
b eake Pola S a will moun a six-week
expedi ion in o he ice-co e ed Chukchi
Bo de land and Mendelee Ridge egion
(see igu e). A high-spa ial- esolu ion
hyd og aphic and ace su ey will be
complemen ed by sho - e m moo ed
cu en and CTD measu emen s.
Tempe a u e, salini y, dissol ed oxygen,
nu ien s, chlo o luo oca bons, ba ium,
and 18O will be measu ed on 12 sec ions
ha c oss bo h he bounda y low and
he Paci ic inpu s o he egion be o e
and a e opog aphic junc ions and
hypo hesized egions o low di e sion.
This ace sui e will:
•iden i y he pa hways o he bounda y
cu en and he Paci ic-o igin wa e s;
•quan i y he di e en A lan ic and
Paci ic in luences; and
•es ima e eshwa e inpu om
ice mel and di e en i e s.
In addi ion, h ee moo ings, deployed
ac oss he bounda y cu en o he du a-
ion o he c uise, will allow quan i ica ion
o he p ope ies and a iabili y o he
bounda y cu en . The en i e da ase will
be analyzed collec i ely and in andem
wi h hyd og aphic, ace , and moo ed
ime-se ies da a om he pas decade.
Since he ansi ime o signals h ough
his egion is wo o ou yea s, he olde
da a p o ide a empo al backg ound o
he high-spa ial- esolu ion da a, while he
newe da a will supply an essen ial spa ial
amewo k o in e p e ing he a iabili y
o he olde su eys. These s udies will:
• ill a hia us in hyd og aphic su eys in
he Canadian Basin a a ime when he
mos d ama ic changes e e obse ed
in he A c ic a e p opaga ing h ough
he Chukchi Bo de land egion;
•p o ide impo an backg ound and
mechanis ic in o ma ion o he S udy
o En i onmen al A c ic Change
(SEARCH; see page 8), A c ic-Suba c ic
Ocean Fluxes (ASOF; see Wi ness
Win e 2000/2001), and Wes e n
A c ic Shel -Basin In e ac ions (SBI;
see page 18) p og ams; and
•con ibu e o alida ing and imp o ing
high- esolu ion compu e and concep-
ual models o he A c ic.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Rebecca
Woodga e in Sea le, WA (206/221-3268;
ax 206/616-3142; woodga e@apl.
washing on.edu), o see h p://psc.apl.
washing on.edu/HLD/CBL/CBL.h ml.
A schema ic ep esen a ion o he hypo hesized ci cula ion in he Chukchi Bo de land/Mendelee Ridge complex,
showing he p oposed c uise ack and moo ing posi ions ( igu e cou esy o Rebecca Woodga e).
18
A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics
Healy
Suppo s Tes s o Au onomous Unde wa e Vehicle
The new U.S. Coas Gua d (USCG)
Cu e Healy success ully comple ed
a challenging i s yea o unded science
in he eas e n A c ic. On he i s c uise
(July–Oc obe 2001), Healy wo ked wi h
he Ge man iceb eake Pola s e n o com-
ple e a se ies o s a ions in he icini y
o he ul a-slow-sp eading Gakkel Ridge
(see Wi ness Au umn 2001) in suppo o
he A c ic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedi ion
(AMORE; see www.ea hscape.o g/
ames/news2 ame.h ml).
A join U.S.-Ge man e o , he
AMORE p ojec mapped and sampled
he deepes and mos emo e pa o he
global mid-ocean idge sys em. The
AMORE p ojec , he U.S. po ion o
which was unded by NSF, ecei ed
ex ensi e p ess co e age o a se ies o
s iking esul s, including:
•disco e y o 12 new olcanoes,
•abundan e idence o hyd o he mal
en ac i i y,
•unexpec edly success ul d edging
ope a ions in a c ic condi ions, and
•de elopmen o a e y de ailed map o
he idge using da a collec ed by Healy’s
mul ibeam sona sys em.
In addi ion, Healy and Pola s e n isi ed
he No h Pole and endez oused wi h
he Swedish iceb eake Oden o ans e
su plus uel and exchange scien i ic in o -
ma ion. The h ee essels ook ad an age
o hei mee ing o sha e an ice picnic and
in e na ional socce ou ney. Mo e han
250 esea che s and c ew om 17 na ions
ook pa in he es i i ies a 85° N, 15° E.
Healy’s second c uise (Oc obe –
No embe 2001) es ed a new au onomous
unde wa e ehicle (AUV) de eloped a he
Mon e ey Bay Aqua ium Resea ch Ins i u e
(MBARI) o he A lan ic Laye T acking
Expe imen (ALTEX):
• o help de e mine wha happens o
A lan ic wa e as i en e s he A c ic
Ocean, and
• o demons a e a sa e and economical
pla o m capable o basin-scale su eys.
A eache suppo ed by he NSF Teache s Expe iencing
An a c ica and he A c ic (TEA) P og am (see Wi ness
Win e 2000/2001) accompanied he AMORE c uise.
Michele Adams, a se en h-g ade science eache om
Bunke Hill, Wes Vi ginia, pos ed an online jou nal o
he expe iences, which included packing mud om he
No h Pole in o ials (see h p:// ea. ice.edu/
ea_adams on page.h ml; pho o cou esy o TEA).
2002 C uises
In he summe o 2002, Healy will
suppo wo main science p ojec s in he
wes e n A c ic Ocean:
• he i s yea o ieldwo k o he Shel -
Basin In e ac ions p ojec (see h p://
u k-biogw.bio.u k.edu/sbi.ns , and Wi -
ness Au umn 2001); and
•co ing su eys in he Be ing and
Chukchi seas o de elop high- esolu ion
eco ds o he his o y o sea le els and
condi ions in he egion since he Las
Glacial Maximum; his esea ch is led
by Lloyd Keigwin (Woods Hole Ocean-
og aphic Ins i u ion), Julie B igham-
G e e (Uni e si y o Massachuse s,
Amhe s ), and Neal D iscoll (Sc ipps
Ins i u e o Oceanog aphy, Uni e si y
o Cali o nia, San Diego).
The USCG Cu e Pola S a also will
suppo a se ies o SBI c uises and a
physical oceanog aphy c uise in he
wes e n A c ic.
AICC Pos -C uise Assessmen s
The A c ic Iceb eake Coo dina ing
Commi ee (AICC; see Wi ness Au umn
2001) con inues i s commi men o
science acili a ion o he h ee USCG
iceb eake s. The AICC has de eloped
an assessmen p ocedu e o ecen ly
comple ed science missions ha includes
pos -c uise deb ie ings. These discussions
engage ep esen a i es om:
• he unding agency,
• he USCG,
• he ship’s c ew,
• he chie scien is , and
• he AICC i sel .
The deb ie ing co e s some 20 opics
anging om p ec uise communica ions
and logis ics o echnical science se ices,
he pe o mance o he c ew, and he qual-
i y o ood on boa d. This in o ma ion
exchange has gene a ed se e al aluable
sugges ions o con inued imp o emen o
science ope a ions on USCG iceb eake s.
Fo mo e in o ma ion on he
AICC, see he Uni e si y-Na ional
Oceanog aphic Labo a o y Sys em web
si e (www. unols.o g), o con ac AICC
Chai Lisa Clough in G een ille, NC
(252/328-1834; ax 252/328-4178;
[email p o ec ed]).
In la e 2001, Healy suppo ed es ing o a new au ono-
mous unde wa e ehicle (AUV) being de eloped a
he Mon e ey Bay Aqua ium Resea ch Ins i u e o he
A lan ic Laye T acking Expe imen o help scien is s
de e mine wha happens o A lan ic wa e as i en e s
he A c ic Ocean (pho o by T. Walsh © MBARI 2001).
While AUVs ha e been used o a c ic
science since he 1970s, hei anges ha e
been limi ed o app oxima ely 1 km and
dep hs o a ew hund ed me e s. In con-
as , he ALTEX AUV is designed o ange
1,000 km and o dep hs o 4,500 me e s,
na iga ing and deploying ice-pene a ing
buoys o elay da a ia sa elli e. In wa e s
no h o S alba d, he MBARI eam es ed
senso s, ice-buoy ope a ion, high-la i ude
na iga ion, and ope a ional echniques (see
www.mba i.o g/educa ion/c uises/Al ex/
logbook.h m).
The ALTEX science expe imen is
unded h ough he NSF O ice o Pola
P og ams; he AUV’s de elopmen is
unded h ough a Na ional Ocean Pa ne -
ship P og am g an and managed by he
O ice o Na al Resea ch. Jim Bellingham
(MBARI) leads he g oup de eloping he
ALTEX AUV; collabo a o s include Fuel
Cell Technologies, he Massachuse s
Ins i u e o Technology, he Na ional
Oceanic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion
Paci ic Ma ine En i onmen al Labo a o y,
and Scien i ic Solu ions, Inc.
19
A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics
VPR Equipping and T aining Sa e Field Resea che s
G ea e a en ion o sa e y issues was a
cen al ecommenda ion o NSF in
Logis ics Recommenda ions o an Imp o ed
U.S. A c ic Resea ch Capabili y, he 1997
epo published by ARCUS (see Wi ness
Au umn 1997). To implemen his ecom-
menda ion, VECO Pola Resou ces (VPR)
has made majo e o s o ensu e ha
in es iga o s can conduc esea ch sa ely
in he A c ic. VPR has been he NSF
A c ic Resea ch Logis ics Suppo Se ices
con ac o since No embe 1999 (see Wi -
ness Au umn 2001), supplying sa e y
equipmen and se ices o NSF- unded
a c ic esea che s, including:
•sa elli e elephones, which can suppo
bo h oice and da a communica ions
om he ield;
•access o a 24/7 medical ca e ho line o
eme gency and noneme gency si ua ions;
•an online ield manual;
•ex ensi e medical ki s; and
• ield-sa e y cou ses.
F ee cou ses in ield sa e y, acili a ed
by Lea n o Re u n T aining Sys ems
(www.su i al aining.com), a e a ailable
pe iodically in a ious loca ions. Cou ses
a e ailo ed o mee speci ic needs and o
be ele an o pa icula a eas o he
A c ic. T a el assis ance is a ailable i he
cou se loca ion is no wi hin d i ing
dis ance o he pa icipan s.
In Feb ua y 2001, VPR o e ed i s i s
ield- aining cou se o a c ic esea che s
in Fai banks, AK; opics included aining
in ield skills and wilde ness medical eme -
gencies. In he sp ing o 2002, ou -day
cou ses in Mon e ey, CA and Amhe s ,
MA also included co e age o helicop e ,
bea , and gun sa e y. An on-si e cou se
speci ically o Toolik Field S a ion
esea che s was o e ed in June 2002.
VPR plans o expand sa e y cou se con en
and o e ings u he in 2003.
In addi ion o sa e y equipmen and
aining, VPR o e s a c ic esea che s an
In May 2002, su ey-g ade (dual-
equency) Di e en ial GPS (DGPS)
became a ailable o esea che s in he
Ba ow a ea h ough he Ba ow A c ic
Science Conso ium (BASC). The
T imble 5700 sys em consis s o :
•a base s a ion a BASC, and
•a o e sys em o science-su ey use.
DGPS pos -p ocessing so wa e is a ailable
on a dedica ed compu e , and eal- ime
kinema ic (RTK) capabili y is possible
wi hin app oxima ely 10 km o BASC,
including he 7,466-ac e Ba ow En i on-
men al Obse a o y (BEO; see Wi ness
Win e 2000/2001). Accu acy is on he
scale o cen ime e s.
The Uni e si y NAVSTAR Conso -
ium (UNAVCO) ins alled he sys em as
pa o i s pola suppo se ices o OPP.
An in e na ional o ganiza ion o mo e
han 90 uni e si ies and esea ch ins i u-
ions using GPS, UNAVCO p o ides
echnical suppo and aining o in es i-
ga o s. Resea che s in ending o use he
Ba ow sys em should a ange o aining
a UNAVCO in Boulde , CO be o e
heading o Ba ow, since on-si e echnical
suppo is o en no a ailable.
In addi ion, he Uni e si y o Alaska
Fai banks and UNAVCO ha e ins alled a
pe manen GPS s a ion o a mosphe ic
and geode ic applica ions a he Na ional
Oceanic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion/
Clima e Moni o ing and Diagnos ics
Labo a o y (NOAA/CMDL) acili y in
Ba ow. This sys em is pa o he
Uni e si y Co po a ion o A mosphe ic
New DGPS In as uc u e Suppo s Resea ch in Ba ow
Resea ch (UCAR) SuomiNe p ojec .
SuomiNe is an in e na ional ne wo k
o GPS ecei e s con igu ed and managed
o gene a e nea eal- ime measu emen s
o a mosphe ic p ecipi able wa e apo
and o he me e ological and geode ic
in o ma ion. The Ba ow s a ion uses
dual- equency GPS, and he GPS an enna
is on a s able, geode ic-quali y monumen .
Daily RINEX (Recei e Independen
Exchange Fo ma ) iles will be a ailable
om he UNAVCO da a a chi e.
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he
Ba ow a ea DGPS sys em o SuomiNe ,
see he UNAVCO web si e (www.una co.
uca .edu), o con ac Bjo n Johns in
Boulde , CO (303/497-8034; ax 303/
497-8028; [email p o ec ed]). Fo
mo e in o ma ion abou BASC suppo o
science, see he BASC web si e
(www.a c icscience.o g), o con ac
Execu i e Di ec o Glenn Sheehan in
Ba ow, AK (907/852-4881; ax 907/852-
4882; [email p o ec ed]).
As pa o he long- e m imp o emen s o esea ch
in as uc u e on Alaska’s No h Slope, DGPS is now
a ailable in he Ba ow a ea (pho o by Bjo n Johns).
a ay o esea ch suppo and logis ics se -
ices, including an ex ensi e in en o y o
ield equipmen and supplies, anspo a-
ion assis ance, and cons uc ion se ices.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he VPR
web si e (www. ecopola .com), o con ac
P ojec Manage Jill Fe is in Englewood,
CO (720/344-5619; ax 720/344-6514;
[email p o ec ed]).
B ian Ho ne o Lea n o Re u n helps a sa e y cou se
pa icipan escape om an ai ame du ing a c ash
simula ion (pho o by Diana Ga cia-No ick).
20
Capi ol Upda es
The demands o addi ional de ense
and homeland-secu i y unding a e
cons aining he ede al budge , including
unding o esea ch. In Sep embe 2001,
Cong ess passed, and he Adminis a ion
signed in o law, a $40-billion eme gency
supplemen al app op ia ion o an i-
e o ism e o s; a leas one mo e la ge
supplemen al bill is likely o ollow be o e
he end o FY 2002 (30 Sep embe 2002).
FY 2002 Budge
By he end o he FY 2002 budge
p ocess in Janua y 2002, he ede al bud-
ge s ood a $718 billion, compa ed wi h
he $661 billion eques submi ed by
P esiden Bush. This o al included a
6.8% inc ease in disc e iona y unding,
and a 12.7% inc ease in ede al esea ch
and de elopmen spending— he la ges
dolla inc ease in his o y. Once Cong ess
had comple ed i s budge p ocess, mos
ede al agencies had ecei ed budge
inc eases, no he dec eases ha he
P esiden ’s budge had p oposed. The
FY 2002 NSF budge is $4.8 billion, an
8.4% inc ease o e FY 2001, al hough
he P esiden had p oposed an inc ease o
only 1.3%. The NSF O ice o Pola
P og ams (OPP) ecei ed a 9% inc ease
o $229.7 million.
FY 2003 Budge
The P esiden ’s p oposed FY 2003
budge submi ed in Feb ua y 2002 o e s
dec eased o s a ic budge s o nonde ense
spending, including basic esea ch, in
mos ede al agencies.
Fo NSF, he P esiden has eques ed
an inc ease o 5% o jus o e $5 billion.
Almos one hi d o he 5% inc ease in
he FY 2003 NSF budge is ac ually due
o he P esiden ’s p oposal o mo e
se e al p og ams om o he agencies o
NSF, including:
• he Na ional Oceanic and
A mosphe ic Adminis a ion (NOAA)
Na ional Sea G an p og am,
• he U.S. Geological Su ey (USGS)
oxic subs ances hyd ology esea ch
p og am, and
• he En i onmen al P o ec ion
Agency (EPA) O ice o En i onmen al
Educa ion.
Few addi ional unds a e included o sup-
po hese eloca ed p og ams, esul ing in
ne losses o he depa men s asked wi h
hese new esponsibili ies. Cong ess may,
howe e , op o lea e hese p og ams in
hei o iginal agencies be o e i e u ns i s
e ised budge o he P esiden ’s desk in
la e 2002 o ea ly 2003.
Wi hin NSF, he p oposed budge :
•inc eases he Resea ch and Rela ed
Ac i i ies budge by 5.1%, o $3.78
billion;
•inc eases he Educa ion and Human
Resou ces budge by 3.8%, o $908
million; and
•dec eases he Majo Resea ch Equipmen
budge by 9%, o $126 million.
P esiden Bush con inues o emphasize
educa ion in he NSF budge , wi h a p o-
posed 25% inc ease o Ma h and Science
Pa ne ships o $200 million, and a 27%
inc ease in a new NSF ini ia i e called
Lea ning o he 21s Cen u y Wo k o ce.
O he p io i ies in he p oposed NSF
budge include:
•Biocomplexi y in he En i onmen ,
up 36.3% o $79 million;
•con inuing inc eases in numbe s and
amoun s o g adua e s uden s ipends,
up 21% o $175.8 million; and
•es ablishmen o wo p o o ype si es o
he Na ional Ecological Obse a o y
Ne wo k (NEON; see Wi ness Sp ing
2000), o a o al o $12 million.
In ea ly June 2002, he House passed
HR 4664, he NSF Au ho iza ion Ac . The
bill, which passed 397–25, au ho izes 15%
inc eases in he NSF budge s o FY 2003,
2004, and 2005. This plan pu s he agency
on ack o a doubling o i s budge o e
he cou se o he nex i e yea s. The bill
has been e e ed o he Sena e o consid-
e a ion by he Heal h, Educa ion, Labo ,
and Pensions Commi ee.
The NSF OPP Budge
The P esiden ’s FY 2003 budge
eques o OPP o als $303.81 million,
a2% ($6 million) inc ease o e FY 2002.
Wi hin he OPP budge , A c ic P og am
unding would inc ease 2.9% ($1.06
million) o $37.84 million. The A c ic
Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics budge
would emain he same ($26 million). The
Agency Budge s Re lec Shi ing Fede al P io i ies
budge o he U.S. A c ic Resea ch Com-
mission inc eases 5.9% o $1.08 million.
In FY 2002, NSF designa ed $30 mil-
lion o be alloca ed o e i e yea s o he
S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change
(SEARCH) and ela ed p og ams (see
page 8). In addi ion, NSF has eques ed
$1 million pe yea o suppo SEARCH
beginning in FY 2003.
Ba ow A c ic Resea ch Cen e
Sena o Ted S e ens (R-AK) o e ed an
amendmen o he Sena e e sion o he
Ene gy Policy Ac o 2002 (HR 4), app o-
p ia ing unds o es ablish a esea ch cen-
e in Ba ow, Alaska. Speci ically, he
amendmen would equi e he Sec e a y o
Comme ce, in consul a ion wi h he Sec-
e a ies o Ene gy and he In e io , he
Di ec o o NSF, and he Adminis a o o
he EPA, o es ablish a join esea ch acil-
i y o suppo clima e-change and o he
scien i ic esea ch ac i i ies in he A c ic.
The amendmen app op ia es $35 million
o he planning, design, cons uc ion, and
suppo o he cen e . A con e ence com-
mi ee has been named o esol e di e -
ences, including S e ens’ amendmen , in
he House and Sena e e sions o he bill.
Clima e Change Resea ch Ini ia i e
In a Feb ua y 2002 add ess a NOAA
headqua e s, P esiden Bush ou lined he
Adminis a ion’s new mul iagency Global
Clima e Change Resea ch Ini ia i e, which
includes unding o SEARCH and has
he po en ial o und o he a c ic-based
esea ch. As o p ess ime (June 2002), no
legisla ion has been in oduced in Con-
g ess ha would und o di ec agencies o
ake he ac ions pu o h in he ini ia i e.
Fo a copy, see he Whi e House web si e
(www.whi ehouse.go /news/ eleases/2002/
02/clima echange.h ml).
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he NSF
budge , see he NSF web si e (www.ns .
go /od/lpa/cong ess/s a .h m). Fo in o -
ma ion abou he P esiden ’s p oposed
budge , see he Whi e House web si e
(www.whi ehouse.go ). Fo in o ma ion
abou he Ba ow A c ic Resea ch Cen e ,
see he NOAA web si e (www.legisla i e.
noaa.go /in o me may1402.h ml).
21
Capi ol Upda es
The Bush adminis a ion is seeking o
imp o e go e nmen e iciency and
con ol ede al spending ela ed o
academic esea ch unding by:
•de eloping new pe o mance- e iew
c i e ia o ede ally unded basic
esea ch and de elopmen (R&D), and
•discou aging cong essional “ea ma king”
o unds o speci ic esea ch p og ams.
Pe o mance C i e ia o Basic Resea ch
In keeping wi h P esiden Bush’s
cha ge o “imp o e he managemen ,
pe o mance, and esul s o he ede al
go e nmen ,” he Whi e House O ice
o Managemen and Budge (OMB) is
de eloping pe o mance c i e ia o all
ede ally unded R&D.
OMB has d a ed a se o pe o mance
c i e ia o ede al R&D based on:
• esul s om an FY 2001 pilo p og am
ocused on he pe o mance o some
applied R&D p og ams a he
Depa men o Ene gy (DOE);
•con ibu ions om he Whi e House
O ice o Science and Technology
Policy (OSTP); and
•discussions a a Feb ua y 2002 wo k-
shop sponso ed by he Na ional Acad-
emy o Sciences (NAS) Commi ee on
Science, Enginee ing, and Public Policy
(COSEPUP).
The OMB in ends o all ede al
agencies o use hese c i e ia o e alua e
hei R&D e o s a he p og am o po -
olio le el. These c i e ia would be based
on h ee p inciples:
•quali y, ensu ed p ima ily h ough
pee - e iew mechanisms;
• ele ance, including de ining p og am
di ec ion, p io i ies, and links o iden i-
ied na ional and agency goals; and
•pe o mance, including demons a ing
e ec i e use o esou ces and p og ess
owa d objec i es.
The OMB en isions ha hese
assessmen s will in ol e bo h:
•p ospec i e e iews o he planning,
design, and jus i ica ion o R&D
p og ams; and
• e ospec i e e iews o p og am
quali y, ele ance, and ou comes,
conduc ed pe iodically (app oxima ely
e e y h ee o i e yea s).
Fede al Agencies Face Re iew, Ea ma king Issues
Acco ding o Da id T inkle o OMB,
issues s ill o be esol ed abou his
e alua ion p ocess include:
•how o i all ede al R&D e o s in o
a simila assessmen amewo k;
•how o de ine he di e ences among
ypes o R&D p og ams and selec i ely
use he e alua ion c i e ia;
•which agencies will begin using he
c i e ia in 2004;
•how he c i e ia will be implemen ed
a each agency;
•which p og ams a hose agencies will
use he c i e ia; and
•a wha le el he c i e ia will be applied.
COSEPUP no ed in i s epo ha
applying pe o mance me ics o basic
esea ch will equi e an app oach ailo ed
o he wo k o each agency. Je ey Kie ,
he Roge Re elle Fellow in Global S ew-
a dship a OSTP, spoke a he May 2002
ARCUS Annual Mee ing in A ling on, VA
on hese issues; he no ed ha i is likely
ha a se o basic c i e ia will be de el-
oped, o which addi ional c i e ia
app op ia e o each agency will be added.
In la e May 2002, OMB announced
ha i will c ea e a six-membe Pe o -
mance Measu emen Ad iso y Council o:
•p o ide independen expe ad ice o
OMB ega ding measu es o p og am
pe o mance, and
•make ecommenda ions ega ding
managemen and budge decisions.
The council, which will exis o nine
mon hs unless enewed, will ad ise OMB
on speci ic p ocesses and means o be used
in assessing ede al p og ams and ini ia i es.
Council membe s will be asked wi h:
•c ea ing, implemen ing, and e alua ing
pe o mance-measu emen s anda ds; and
•making ecommenda ions on he ypes
and measu es o benchma king sys ems
ha depa men s and agencies can
employ mos e ec i ely o ack
p og am pe o mance.
The OMB hopes o name he council by
la e June 2002. Fo mo e in o ma ion on
he p oposed basic esea ch pe o mance
me ics, see he Na ional Academy o Sci-
ences web si e (www7.na ionalacademies.
o g/gp a/Basic%20Resea ch.h ml) o he
Associa ion o Ame ican Uni e si ies web
si e (www.aau.edu/ esea ch/ unding.h ml).
G owing Cong essional Ea ma ks
Acco ding o he Ch onicle o Highe
Educa ion, in 2001 Cong ess di ec ed ed-
e al agencies o awa d a eco d amoun o
“ea ma ked” unds o p ojec s in ol ing
speci ic uni e si ies. Ea ma king— he
p ac ice o designa ing unds in an app o-
p ia ions bill o a pa icula p ojec —has
long been used by legisla o s o “b ing
home” unding o hei cons i uen s.
Academic ea ma ks ha e g own
s eadily in ecen yea s om $296 million
in 1996 o an es ima ed $1.67 billion in
2001. Fo example, ea ma ks in he
Depa men o Comme ce (DOC) budge
o FY 2000 we e $92 million; in FY
2002, DOC ea ma ks inc eased o $202
million. Almos e e y agency budge
includes simila inc eases in ea ma ked
unds, wi h he excep ion o he NSF.
The ea ma ks a e also an inc easing sha e
o o al ede al unding o colleges and
uni e si ies—9.4% in 2001. The 25 s a es
wi h he la ges sha es o ede al esea ch
dolla s ecei ed 74% o ea ma ked unds
in ha unding yea . Alaska and Wes
Vi ginia headed he lis .
The Ame ican Associa ion o he
Ad ancemen o Science, he Associa ion
o Ame ican Uni e si ies, he Na ional
Associa ion o S a e Uni e si ies and Land
G an Colleges, and NAS sponso ed a
wo kshop on Ea ma king o Science in
Oc obe 2001. A he wo kshop, Sa ah
Ho igan o OMB made a s ong appeal o
colleges and uni e si ies—and hei lobby-
is s— o s op encou aging cong essional
ea ma ks. Adminis a ion o icials, includ-
ing OMB di ec o Mi ch Daniels, con end
ha he inc ease in ea ma king educes he
R&D unds a ailable o agencies o mee
unding p io i ies and und pee - e iewed
esea ch and ha , gi en cu en budge
condi ions, addi ional unding o p io i y
esea ch will no be o hcoming. Lan-
guage discou aging ea ma king is p omi-
nen in nea ly e e y FY 2003 OMB
budge documen .
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou cong es-
sional ea ma king in he ede al budge ,
see he OMB web si e (www.whi ehouse.
go /omb/budge / y2003/budge .h ml), o
he Ch onicle o Highe Educa ion web si e
(h p://ch onicle.com).

22
U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission
PRB Explo es Ab up Clima e Change, Pola Biology
The echnologies and me hods o
biology a e changing d ama ically and
opening new a enues o esea ch. A he
eques o he NSF O ice o Pola P o-
g ams and Di ec o a e o Biological Sci-
ences, he Pola Resea ch Boa d (PRB)
o med a commi ee o examine oppo u-
ni ies and challenges ela ed o using hese
ools o conduc esea ch on a c ic and
An a c ic o ganisms. The new Commi ee
on F on ie s in Pola Biology will seek o:
•iden i y impo an esea ch ques ions
o pola egions, and
• ecommend ways o acili a e and
accele a e he ans e and use o
genomic echnologies o ques ions
abou he A c ic and An a c ic.
The commi ee will:
•discuss he po en ial applica ions o
genomic sciences and unc ional
genomics o molecula biology,
mic obiology, biochemis y, physiol-
ogy, e olu iona y p ocesses, and
mic obial ecology in pola egions;
•no e he need o de elopmen o new
echnologies o me hods speci ically
o pola egions;
•seek ways o acili a e inc eased
in e ac ion be ween biological scien is s
wo king in pola egions and o he
biological scien is s; and
•assess impedimen s o he conduc o
pola genomics esea ch (e.g., issues
ela ed o acili ies, in as uc u e,
main enance o biological sample
collec ions, educa ion needs).
William H. De ich, III (No heas e n
Uni e si y) chai s he nine-membe
commi ee, which began mee ing in June
2002. The commi ee will hos an
in o ma ion-ga he ing wo kshop in
Sep embe 2002 and hen p oduce a epo
wi h indings and ecommenda ions.
In o he PRB news, he Na ional
Academy P ess published Ab up Clima e
Change: Ine i able Su p ises in May 2002
(see page 27). The epo , by he PRB’s
Commi ee on Ab up Clima e Change,
desc ibes wha is known abou ab up
clima e changes and hei impac s—
based on paleoclima e p oxies, his o ical
obse a ions, and modeling—and
highligh s new indings ha ab up
clima e change can occu when g adual
causes push he Ea h sys em ac oss a
h eshold. The epo no es ha we do no
ye unde s and ab up clima e changes
clea ly enough o p edic hem, and ha
he models used o p ojec u u e clima e
changes and impac s do no simula e he
size, speed, and ex en o pas changes
well, complica ing assessmen s o po en ial
u u e changes. The p epublica ion
elease o he epo ecei ed ex ensi e
p ess co e age, including a icles in he
New Yo k Times and Washing on Pos .
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he PRB,
see he Na ional Academies web si e
(www.na ional-academies.o g/p b), o
con ac PRB Di ec o Ch is El ing in
Washing on, DC (202/334-3479; ax
202/334-1477; [email p o ec ed]).
Pola Resea ch Boa d
New Depu y Di ec o and Commissione s Join USARC
In Sep embe 2001, he U.S. A c ic
Resea ch Commission (USARC) wel-
comed Lawson B igham as i s new depu y
execu i e di ec o . B igham is a o me
U.S. Coas Gua d cap ain wi h expe ience
commanding a c ic iceb eake s, including
he Pola Sea. An oceanog aphe whose
esea ch in e es s include sea ice and ocean
p ocesses in he Russian A c ic, B igham
ea ned his Ph.D. om he Sco Pola
Resea ch Ins i u e a Camb idge Uni e -
si y. He held he O ice o Na al Resea ch
A c ic Chai in Ma ine Science a he
Na al Pos g adua e School om 1996–97.
In la e Janua y 2002, he USARC
in oduced wo new commissione s—
Ma y Jane Fa e, an Alaska Na i e leade
om Rampa , Alaska, and Mead T ead-
well, managing di ec o o he Ins i u e o
he No h, based in Ancho age, Alaska.
Fa e and T eadwell eplace Richa d
Glenn and Wal e Pa ke , espec i ely.
In he pas se e al mon hs, USARC
ep esen a i es ha e a ended a numbe
o mee ings. Highligh s include:
• he Ap il 2002 A c ic Science Summi
Week in G oningen, he Ne he lands;
•a Eu opean Union wo kshop in
B ussels on a c ic in as uc u e;
•a Uni ed Na ions mee ing wi h Russian,
No wegian, and Canadian ep esen a-
i es o e iew a Russian claim o a c ic
e i o y unde A icle 76 o he U.N.
Con en ion on he Law o he Sea; he
USARC and o he ede al agencies a e
planning he conduc o he equisi e
su eys o he U.S. a c ic ma gin;
•a mee ing wi h he No h Paci ic
Resea ch Boa d, which has ag eed upon
aschedule o eques s o p oposals o
esea ch in he boa d’s egion o in e es
( he No h Paci ic, Be ing Sea, and
adjacen pa s o he A c ic Ocean);
•a mee ing o he Pola Resea ch Boa d a
which USARC Execu i e Di ec o
Ga y B ass eques ed help in launching
a planning p ocess o he design and
managemen o he nex gene a ion o
pola iceb eake s;
•a Ma ine Technology Socie y luncheon
a which Commande S e en Wa en,
di ec o o he Na y/Na ional Ice
Cen e , spoke on he issues in ol ed in
na al ope a ions in an ice- ee A c ic;
•an in oduc ion o Canada’s newes
p o ince by Paul Okalik, he P emie
o Nuna u ; and
•a mee ing wi h Pe e Spo s, epo e
o he Ch is ian Science Moni o , o
discuss a c ic issues.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he USARC
web si e (www.uaa.alaska.edu/en i/
a c_web/a chome.h m), o con ac Ga y
B ass in A ling on, VA (800/AURORAB
o 703/525-0111; ax 703/525-0114;
[email p o ec ed]).
23
In e na ional News
A c ic Council Wo king G oups Launch Ini ia i es
The Senio A c ic O icials (SAOs) o
he eigh -na ion A c ic Council me
in No embe 2001 in Espoo, Finland o
e iew p og ess on en i onmen al and
sus ainable de elopmen p ojec s. Council
Chai Pe e S enlund o Finland, SAOs,
Pe manen Pa icipan indigenous g oups,
and obse e s discussed eo ganiza ion
plans o he council and how o p esen
an “a c ic oice” a he Augus 2002
Wo ld Summi on Sus ainable
De elopmen in Sou h A ica.
Wo king G oup Ac i i ies
The A c ic Moni o ing and Assessmen
P og am (AMAP; see www.amap.no)
wo king g oup is upda ing i s 1997 con-
aminan s udies. Focused on pe sis en
o ganic pollu an s (POPs), hea y me als,
human heal h, and adioac i i y, he
upda ed assessmen s, including a con-
densed e sion o he gene al public, a e
o be comple ed by Oc obe 2002. U.S.
agencies—including he S a e Depa -
men , Na ional Oceanic and A mosphe ic
Adminis a ion, NSF, Na ional Ins i u es
o Heal h, En i onmen al P o ec ion
Agency, and U.S. A c ic Resea ch Com-
mission (see page 22)—ha e con ibu ed
mo e han $100,000 in he pas yea o-
wa d hese publica ions, and many U.S.
expe s ha e been in ol ed wi h esea ch
and d a ing o he epo s.
The Conse a ion o A c ic Flo a and
Fauna (CAFF; see www.ca .is) wo king
g oup ecen ly eleased wo epo s:
•Seabi d Ha es Regimes in he
Ci cumpola Na ions, and
•P oceedings o he Fi s CAFF Flo a
G oup Wo kshop.
CAFF’s book A c ic Flo a and Fauna:
S a us and Conse a ion, published in 2001
(see Wi ness Au umn 2001), is ecei ing
excellen e iews. This i s ci cumpola
o e iew o a c ic biodi e si y and ela ed
conse a ion issues concludes ha :
•species a e showing he e ec s o
o e exploi a ion, habi a loss, and
pollu ion; and
•dis ance has no made he A c ic
immune o global en i onmen al issues.
Based on he indings, CAFF is de eloping
policy ecommenda ions o be p esen ed
a he Oc obe 2002 Minis e ial mee ing.
The Eme gency P e en ion, P epa ed-
ness, and Response (EPPR) wo king g oup
has launched a sou ce-con ol manage-
men p ojec led by he U.S. Depa men
o Ene gy and Russia’s Eme com. The
pilo p ojec will de elop and es a
me hodology o educing he po en ial
o eme gencies a acili ies ha handle
haza dous and adioac i e ma e ials.
The esul ing me hodology and o e all
app oach will be applicable o a b oad
spec um o a - isk ac i i ies in he A c ic.
An eme gency- esponse exe cise is
planned o summe 2002 a he Bilibino
nuclea acili y in he Chuko ka egion o
Russia. The adiological elease scena io
will demons a e capabili ies bo h on-si e
(e.g., plan esponse, communica ions,
decision-making) and o -si e (e.g., no i i-
ca ion p ocedu es, public in o ma ion dis-
semina ion, da a ga he ing om adia ion
moni o ing s a ions, plume modeling).
In Decembe 2001, he Global En i-
onmen Facili y (see www.ge web.o g)
app o ed $10 million o und a p ojec o
he P o ec ion o he A c ic Ma ine En i-
onmen (PAME) wo king g oup— he
Russian Na ional Plan o Ac ion o he
P o ec ion o he A c ic Ma ine En i on-
men om An h opogenic Pollu ion
(NPA-A c ic). The plan will add ess bo h
damage and h ea s o he a c ic en i on-
men in Russia. P oposed demons a ion
p ojec s include:
• he use o b own algae ma s in
coas al a eas o abso b con aminan s;
• ans e o wo decommissioned
mili a y bases o ci ilian con ol; and
•enhancemen o he en i onmen al-
and esou ce-managemen capaci y
o indigenous people in Russia.
The Uni ed S a es plans o o ganize a
mee ing o encou age go e nmen s, he
p i a e sec o , and in e na ional inancial
ins i u ions o in es in he NPA-A c ic.
The Sus ainable De elopmen Wo k-
ing G oup (SDWG) held a wo kshop in
Helsinki in No embe 2001 o begin
de eloping an o e all capaci y-building
s a egy o he A c ic Council. Canada
is p epa ing ecommenda ions.
Finland is o ganizing an Augus 2002
con e ence on he s a us o women in he
A c ic. The agenda o “Taking Wing”
includes sessions on Women and Wo k,
Sel -De e mina ion, and Women and
Violence.
An ini ia i e o he A c ic Council
Ac ion Plan o Elimina e Pollu ion o he
A c ic (ACAP)—a p ojec o phase ou
PCBs in Russia—has ecei ed su icien
inancial pledges ha a con ac wi h he
Russian pa icipan can be signed. Th ee
published ac shee s on hea y me als,
POPs, and adioac i i y will be ansla ed
in o Russian and ep in ed o imp o e
indigenous people’s access o he in o ma-
ion. Denma k is p epa ing a e ised wo k
plan o he a mosphe ic me cu y p ojec ,
which is linked o he Uni ed Na ions
En i onmen P og amme (UNEP) global
me cu y in en o y; he i s phase in ol es
da a collec ion in Russia. A p ojec on
obsole e pes icides, co-chai ed by he
Uni ed S a es and Russia, was launched in
Oc obe 2001 in Moscow; UNEP Chemi-
cals will p o ide sec e a ia suppo .
The A c ic Clima e Impac Assessmen
(ACIA; see Wi ness Sp ing 2000) will
in es iga e pas and p esen indica o s o
changes in clima e and UV adia ion, pos-
sible changes in he u u e, and po en ial
impac s o hese changes (see www.acia.
ua .edu). By 2004, ACIA will publish:
•a scien i ic olume,
•a syn hesis documen , and
•a policy documen p o iding
ecommenda ions o coping wi h
clima e change and a iabili y.
NSF and NOAA a e majo sponso s,
and many U.S. expe s a e con ibu ing.
Mee ings on he A c ic Ho izon
The SAO me in May 2002 in Oulu,
Finland and will mee again immedia ely
be o e he hi d Minis e ial mee ing,
which will con ene 9–10 Oc obe 2002 in
Ina i, Finland. The Second AMAP
In e na ional Symposium on En i onmen-
al Pollu ion o he A c ic will be held
1–4 Oc obe 2002 in Ro aniemi.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic
Council web si e (www.a c ic-council.o g).
Fo mo e in o ma ion on U.S. in ol e-
men in he A c ic Council, con ac Hale
VanKoughne a he Depa men o S a e
in Washing on, DC (202/647-4972; 202/
647-4353; [email p o ec ed]).
24
In e na ional News
CPC Add esses Global Change, So e eign y, and Secu i y
Educa ion News
The Canadian Pola Commission,
Canada’s lead agency in he a ea o
pola esea ch, is esponsible o p omo -
ing he de elopmen and dissemina ion
o pola knowledge (see Wi ness Sp ing
2000). In Janua y 2002, he CPC co-
sponso ed an in e na ional con e ence on
“So e eign y and Secu i y in he Cana-
dian A c ic” in O awa. Global expe s
add essed impo an issues, including:
• he implica ions o Canada should
he no hwes passage become na igable
o comme cial shipping, and
•pos -11 Sep embe secu i y issues on
he open a c ic on ie .
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he con e -
ence, see he Sp ing/Summe edi ion o
Me idian, he newsle e o he CPC,
o see he Canadian A c ic Resou ces
Commi ee web si e (www.ca c.o g).
In 1999, he CPC launched he Indica-
o s P ojec o p o ide an assessmen o he
s a e o Canadian pola knowledge as
abasis o nongo e nmen al and go e n-
men al decision-making and policy o mu-
la ion. The p ojec has de ined 15 quan i i-
able indica o s o he s a e o Canada’s
pola knowledge (e.g., he s a e o
co-managemen esea ch, incidence o
pola ma e s aised in Canadian Pa lia-
men deba es, numbe o Canadian uni e -
si y cou ses on pola subjec s). While such
indica o s a e no conside ed de ini i e,
hey highligh impo an ends. Thus a ,
he p ojec has iden i ied key a eas o
Canadian pola knowledge, iden i ied
in o ma ion use ul in e ining esea ch
me hods, and published wo epo s.
The CPC ecen ly es ablished he Pola
Science Fo um, an online communica ion
cen e ha enables he exchange o in o -
ma ion and ideas wi hin he Canadian
pola esea ch communi y, and an online
di ec o y ha lis s Canadian pola special-
is s by name, special y, and geog aphical
a ea in which hey wo k. The di ec o y
will soon also lis publica ions and cu en
esea ch p ojec s.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he
commission’s web si e (www.pola com.
gc.ca), o con ac Communica ions Man-
age John Benne in O awa, ON (613/
943-0716; ax 613/943-8607; benne j@
pola com.gc.ca).
Educa ion Recommenda ions A ailable
ARCUS published A c ic Science Educa ion: Recommenda ions om he
Wo king G oup on A c ic Science Educa ion o he Na ional Science Founda-
ion in May 2002. The epo esul ed om a planning p ocess ini ia ed in Ma ch
2000, when a g oup o scien is s, educa o s, and Alaska Na i e educa ion special-
is s me in Fai banks, AK o de elop ecommenda ions o guide he A c ic
Sec ion o he NSF O ice o Pola P og ams (OPP) in i s educa ion and ou each
e o s. The epo is a ailable on he ARCUS web si e (www.a cus.o g) o as a
ha d copy. Fo mo e in o ma ion o o eques a copy, con ac ARCUS Educa ion
P ojec Manage Jane Wa bu on (907/474-1600; ax 907/474-1604;
jane[email p o ec ed]; ).
In Janua y 2000, ARCUS launched he
A c ic Visi ing Speake s’ (AVS) Se ies
o p o ide suppo o o ganiza ions o
engage in and os e a c ic science educa-
ion on he local le el (see Wi ness Sp ing
2000). The p og am is in ended o:
•inc ease communica ion and collabo a-
ion wi hin he dispe sed a c ic esea ch
communi y;
•nu u e be e communica ion among
a c ic esea che s and a c ic communi y
esiden s; and
A c ic Speake s Sha e Expe ise wi h Va ied Audiences
•imp o e he gene al public’s app ecia ion
o he impo ance o a c ic esea ch.
The se ies sponso s dis inguished schol-
a s and expe s on he A c ic o isi aca-
demic ins i u ions and communi y o gani-
za ions o semina s, lec u es, and discus-
sions. Funded by he NSF O ice o Pola
P og ams, he p og am co e s a el cos s
and a modes hono a ium o abou 15
speake s each yea . Speake s isi academic
ins i u ions, schools, and public enues
such as lib a ies o adio b oadcas s.
Since he p og am began, 24 speake s
om i e coun ies ha e add essed audi-
ences a 51 ins i u ions in he U.S.,
Russia, G eenland, and Canada on a b oad
ange o opics, including linguis ics,
Na i e ways o knowing, geology, ma ine
law, a cheology, and oceanog aphy.
Pa icipan s ha e ound he p og am is
especially aluable o :
•helping scien is s communica e di ec ly
wi h a c ic communi ies;
•in ol ing ep esen a i es o a c ic com-
muni ies wi h esea ch and educa ion
e o s a lowe la i udes;
•in e na ional isi s, pa icula ly wi h
Russian esea che s o o ganiza ions;
•science educa ion pa ne ships in ol ing
academic ins i u ions and schools; and
•enhancing educa ional oppo uni ies
associa ed wi h a mee ing o wo kshop.
ARCUS accep s applica ions o he
AVS se ies yea - ound. Fo mo e in o ma-
ion, see he ARCUS web si e
(www.a cus.o g/a c ic_speake /), o con-
ac ARCUS Educa ion P ojec Manage
Jane Wa bu on (907/474-1600; ax 907/
474-1604; jane[email p o ec ed]).
25
Publica ions Educa ion News
UNIS Ou g ows O iginal Facili ies
Iceland’s En i onmen al Resea ch Ins i u e Expands
Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d
(UNIS) was es ablished as a bene i-
cial us in Janua y 1994 by No way’s
ou mainland uni e si ies (see Wi ness
Sp ing/Au umn 1999). UNIS has g own
s eadily h oughou i s i s eigh yea s o
ope a ion in e ms o he numbe s o
cou ses o e ed, s uden s, esea ch unding
and ac i i ies, scien i ic pape s published,
and p ojec s ecognized by he Cen es o
Ou s anding Resea ch.
In 2001, UNIS o e ed 38 cou ses
wi hin ou ields o s udy—A c ic Biol-
ogy, A c ic Geology, A c ic Geophysics,
and A c ic Technology. O hese, ully hal
we e mas e s- o doc o al-le el cou ses.
O 272 s uden s, 58% we e om 21
coun ies o he han No way.
The main UNIS building, comple ed
in 1995, p o ides inadequa e labo a o y
space and o ices o oday’s s a , isi ing
lec u e s, esea che s, and ellows. In Janu-
a y 1999, ep esen a i es om UNIS, he
No wegian Pola Ins i u e (S alba d), and
a go e nmen building co po a ion— he
Cul u al He i age O ice o he Coun y
Go e no o S alba d and S a sbygg
No d—selec ed a design o a 5,200-
squa e-me e S alba d Science Cen e o
be de eloped a Longyea byen in connec-
ion wi h he exis ing UNIS building and
neighbo ing plo s.
The new S alba d Science Cen e,
scheduled o comple ion in Decembe
2005, is designed o accommoda e he
ins i u ion’s g ow h and o hos a wide
ange o ac i i ies and ins i u ions wi h
di e se isions and agendas. Loca ing aca-
demic ins i u ions in Longyea byen a he
same si e will p o ide scien i ic, logis ical,
social, and economic bene i s. The new
cen e’s design, submi ed by Ja mund &
Visnæs o Oslo:
• ea u es new o ices, a lib a y, lec u e
ooms, labo a o ies, a cul u al he i age
eposi o y, wo kshops, and s o age space;
•o e s space o in e na ional esea che s
and eams wi h p ojec s and campaigns
on he island o some du a ion; and
•a o ds UNIS added lexibili y in i s
esea ch ac i i ies and s uden numbe s.
Cons uc ion is o begin in 2003.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he UNIS
web si e (www.unis.no), o con ac
Di ec o Lasse Lønnum in Longyea byen
(+47/7902-3305; ax +47/7902-3301;
[email p o ec ed]) o Execu i e
O ice Eys ein Ma kusson (+47/7902-
3306; ax +47/7902-3301;
[email p o ec ed]).
The En i onmen al Resea ch Ins i u e
(ERI) a he Uni e si y o Iceland
in Reykja ik has many new oppo uni ies
o esea ch scien is s and s uden s in
en i onmen al sciences. ERI os e s he
global exchange o in o ma ion and ideas
o p omo e en i onmen al awa eness and
esponsibili y, applying an in e discipli-
na y Ea h-sys ems app oach o p oblem
sol ing.
ERI welcomes isi ing schola s, educa-
ional exchange p og ams, and coope a i e
esea ch. Iceland’s many esou ces include
a c ic and suba c ic eshwa e and ma ine
ecosys ems, ac i e glacial and olcanic
p ocesses, and geo he mal and hyd o-
powe esou ces. En i onmen al s esses
ha wa an ca e ul s udy include global
ma ine pollu ion and global wa ming.
In e disciplina y esea ch p ojec s a
ERI include bu a e no limi ed o:
•using GIS o map na u al haza ds in
Iceland and imp o e local communi ies’
capaci y o assess isk and plan land use;
•analysis o he po en ial o use enew-
able ene gy (e.g., geo he mal, hyd o-
powe ) in Iceland o p ocess ecyclables;
•analysis o pas and p esen biodi e si y
and s esses in ex eme en i onmen s
in he No h A lan ic and Iceland; and
•assessmen o coas al-zone p ocesses
and ecosys em e ec s in Iceland.
In June–July 2002, ERI will hos a
wo-week ield cou se on “Iceland’s Wil-
de ness, Na u al Resou ces, and Resou ce
Managemen .” Pa icipan s will explo e
Iceland’s coas s and emo e olcanic
in e io , s udying:
•unique glacial and olcanic o ma ions;
•na u al esou ce managemen issues
(e.g., ishe ies and aquacul u e; o es y,
ag icul u e, soils, and e osion con ol;
wilde ness p o ec ion); and
•Iceland’s sus ainable de elopmen
ini ia i es (e.g., eco ou ism, geo he mal,
and hyd opowe ).
ERI will begin eaching he Uni e si y
o Iceland’s mas e s p og am in en i on-
men al sciences in he English language
beginning in all 2002. This p og am
cul i a es an in e disciplina y app oach
o p oblem sol ing, emphasizing:
•p ac ical aspec s o en i onmen al sci-
ences, a he han heo e ical analysis;
• he in e ac ion o scien i ic knowledge
and policy o mula ion.
S uden s o all backg ounds a e encou -
aged o apply. S uden s may do elec i e
cou se wo k and hesis esea ch a o eign
uni e si ies. Applica ions o he 2003
all e m a e due on 15 Ma ch 2003.
ERI is wo king wi h he Uni e si y o
Iceland, he Icelandic go e nmen , and
go e nmen al and p i a e esea ch and
unding o ganiza ions in Iceland o
es ablish he In e na ional Cen e o he
En i onmen (ICE) a he Uni e si y o
Iceland. ICE acili ies, p og ams, and
se ices will:
•suppo in e na ional collabo a ion
on la ge-scale in e disciplina y esea ch
and moni o ing p ojec s; and
•c ea e a o um o he in e na ional
exchange o ideas, esea ch esul s, and
in o ma ion on en i onmen al issues.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ERI web
si e (www.uhi.hi.is/english), o con ac
Di ec o Bjo n Gunna sson in Reykja ik,
Iceland (+354/525-5286; ax +354/525-
5829; [email p o ec ed]).
The new 56,000-squa e- oo S alba d Science Cen e is
designed o accommoda e many educa ional and esea ch
ini ia i es a Longyea byen by 2006 ( igu e by Ja mund
& Visnæs).
4
Louisiana S a e Uni e si y: ARCUS Membe Ins i u ion
Mac oscale a iabili y o he coas is he
esul o geologic s uc u e, i e dis ibu-
ion, oceanic ci cula ion, he mal egime,
ice-pack condi ions, open-wa e pe iods,
and wa e powe . A majo di e ence
be ween he Beau o and Chukchi coas s
is ha all o he majo i e s o he No h
Slope d ain in o he Beau o Sea—a ec -
ing he de elopmen o del as and he
in oduc ion o sedimen in o he A c ic
Ocean. Compa ed o he Beau o Sea
coas , along he Chukchi Sea coas :
•b eakup was ea lie ,
•open wa e las ed longe and
co e ed a la ge a ea, and
•wa e ene gy was g ea e .
Beach P ocesses and Responses
The CSI eam s udied beach p ocess-
esponse in e ac ions in he con ex o
b eakup, open wa e , and eeze-up. Ri e -
ice b eakup p ecedes sea-ice b eakup,
o en by weeks. Beach haw is highly a i-
able; iming and ex en depend la gely on
wa e condi ions du ing eeze-up, as ice
inco po a ed in o he beach du ing s o ms
a ec s beach haw and beach mo phology.
A s udy o ice mo emen e ealed di e -
ences seawa d and landwa d o an o sho e
ba because o he in e ac ion be ween
wa es and ides and he bo om opog a-
phy. Fa home e p o iles a Pingok Island
e ealed ou ba s wi h s eep sho ewa d
slopes and gen le seawa d slopes, in e sec -
ing he sho eline a an angle be ween 8°
and 10°. These a c ic ba s we e he i s
known e idence o ou e ba s consis en ly
ex ending o and ac i ely modi ying he
sho eline in he absence o inne ba s.
Onsho e beach idges we e well p e-
se ed compa ed wi h simila ea u es
in o he clima es because:
•se e e s o ms a e a e,
• he idges a e ozen 10 mon hs/yea ,
•a g a el pa emen on hei su ace
educes de la ion, and
•swales ull o wa e du ing summe
unde go li le eolian e osion.
Subsequen Coas al Resea ch
Al hough he abo e ep esen s he ac i e
ield and labo a o y phase o CSI’s Alaskan
A c ic Coas al P ocesses and Mo phology
S udy, many o he p incipals o ha
g oup ex ended hei in ol emen :
•Sho and W igh iden i ied wo majo
se s o lineamen s on he No h Slope
and sugges ed ha he e is a di ec
associa ion be ween hem and a c ic
coas al mo phology;
•Sho demons a ed he ole o
o sho e s anding wa es in
con olling he pa e n o sand ba s;
•Ha pe and Wiseman w o e on he
empo al a ia ion o su ace oughness
on a und a su ace;
•Ha pe comple ed a disse a ion on
he physical p ocesses a ec ing und a
cli s abili y;
•Douglas Fishe in es iga ed ac i e laye
de elopmen on a ba ie island; and
•CSI and Depa men o Geology pe -
sonnel, especially Wiseman, Don Lowe,
and Da id P io , s udied slope ins abili-
ies in a c ic and sub-a c ic jo ds,
which cause some o he mos in ense
cu en s obse ed in deep jo ds.
A c ic Biology
Since 1980, a eam om LSU’s Depa -
men o Compa a i e Biomedical
Sciences—Yahya Abdelbaki, Dennis
Du ield, Je old Haldiman, William
Henk, Robe Hen y, Daniel Hillmann,
and Diana Mullan—has been leading a
s udy o collec baseline da a on he
ana omy o he bowhead whale (Balaena
mys ice us) p io o po en ial en i onmen-
al al e a ion. They a e s udying he
ana omy o he lungs, kidneys, eyes,
hea s, and b ains, and he s uc u e and
hickness o he skin o whales ha es ed
by Iñupia and Yupik Eskimos o a leas
six coas al illages.
This is one o many esea ch p ojec s in
a c ic Alaska ha ha e in ol ed esiden s
(e.g., whaling cap ains and c ews), and i
e lec s he Inui ’s conce n o hei en i-
onmen . Sponso s ha e included he U.S.
Bu eau o Land Managemen ; he NSB,
he Chinese Academy o Sciences, and
he LSU School o Ve e ina y Medicine.
LSU is also in ol ed in long- e m
esea ch on he popula ion biology o
geese a Ka ak Lake in Nuna u , Canada.
Alan A on (LSU’s Biological Resou ces
Di ision) has been a isi ing esea ch sci-
en is wi h he Canadian Wildli e Se ice
since 1993. Along wi h g adua e s uden s,
he is ocusing on he beha io al aspec s,
o aging ecology, and nu i ion o Ross’s
geese (Chen ossii) and lesse snow geese
(Chen cae ulescens cae ulescens).
De elopmen o he pe oleum indus-
y and mode niza ion o No h
Slope illages since he 1970s b ough
la ge demands o sand and g a el. The
NSB op ed o use un ozen deposi s
benea h deepe i e s, lakes, lagoons, and
nea sho e ocean wa e s. D edging began
in 1981 on he Col ille Ri e del a. The
NSB Public Wo ks Depa men ini ia ed
en i onmen al moni o ing, wi h which
Jesse Walke was associa ed om 1980
o 1994, no ing al e a ions in he und a
su ace a e unway cons uc ion and
changes in he d edge channels in he
Kokolik, Meade, and Col ille i e s.
En i onmen al
Geomo phology
LSU Compa a i e Biomedical Sciences esea che s collec
baseline da a on he dimensions o he skull o a bowhead
whale ha es ed by No h Slope esiden s a Ba ow,
Alaska (pho o by Daniel Hillmann).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac :
H. Jesse Walke
Dep . o Geog aphy &
An h opology
Louisiana S a e Uni e si y
Ba on Rouge, LA 70803
Phone: 225/578-6130
Fax: 225/578-4420
[email p o ec ed]
www.lsu.edu
An unab idged e sion o
his o e iew o LSU esea ch in
he A c ic is a ailable on
he ARCUS web si e a :
www.a cus. o g/Wi ness_ he_A c ic/
Sp ing_02/Con en s.h ml

Publica ions
NSF O ice o Pola P og ams A c ic Sec ion Add esses Sp ing 2002
O ice o Pola P og ams (OPP)
Na ional Science Founda ion (NSF)
4201 Wilson Boule a d, Sui e 755 S
A ling on, VA 22230
Phone: 703/292-8029 • Fax: 703/292-9082
Thomas E. Pyle, Sec ion Head
[email p o ec ed]
Cha les E. Mye s, Head o In e agency
A c ic S a
[email p o ec ed]
Robin Muench, P og am O ice
[email p o ec ed]
Renée C ain, Science Assis an
[email p o ec ed]
A c ic Sys em Science P og am
(ARCSS)
www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/sys em.h m
Neil Swanbe g, Ac ing P og am Di ec o
[email p o ec ed]
Luis M. Tupas, Associa e P og am Di ec o
[email p o ec ed]
A c ic Social Sciences P og am
www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/social.h m
Robin Muench, Ac ing P og am Manage
[email p o ec ed]
A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am
www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/na u al.h m
Jane V. Dionne, P og am Manage
[email p o ec ed]
Robin Muench, Ac ing P og am Manage
[email p o ec ed]
Resea ch Suppo & Logis ics
www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/suplog.h m
Simon N. S ephenson, P og am Manage
[email p o ec ed]
A c ic Sciences Sec ion • www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/s a .h m
A c ic Sys em Science P og am (ARCSS) P og am Add esses
Jona han T. O e peck, Chai
Ins i u e o he S udy o Plane Ea h
Uni e si y o A izona, Tucson
Phone: 520/622-9065 • Fax: 520/792-8795
[email p o ec ed]
F. S ua (Te y) Chapin, III
Ins i u e o A c ic Biology
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-7922 • Fax: 907/474-6967
[email p o ec ed]
Rudy J. Dich l
Coope a i e Ins i u e o Resea ch in
En i onmen al Sciences (CIRES)
Na ional Snow & Ice Da a Cen e (NSIDC)
Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde
Phone: 303/492-5532 • Fax: 303/492-2468
[email p o ec ed]
Law ence C. Hamil on
Depa men o Sociology HSSC
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, Du ham
Phone: 603/862-1859 • Fax: 603/862-3558
[email p o ec ed]
Lloyd D. Keigwin
Depa men o Geology & Geophysics
Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion, MA
Phone: 508/289-2784 • Fax: 508/457-2183
[email p o ec ed]
ARCSS Commi ee Coo dina ion
www.a cus.o g
Wendy K. Wa nick, Execu i e Di ec o
A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed
S a es (ARCUS)
Fai banks, AK
Phone: 907/474-1600 • Fax: 907/474-1604
[email p o ec ed] • [email p o ec ed]
Dan Fe guson, P ojec Manage
ARCUS
Phone: 907/474-1600 • Fax: 907/474-1604
[email p o ec ed]
ARCSS Da a Coo dina ion Cen e
h p://a css.colo ado.edu
Rudy J. Dich l, Da a Manage
CIRES/NSIDC
Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde
Phone: 303/492-5532 • Fax: 303/492-2468
[email p o ec ed]
Ch is McNea e, Da a Coo dina o
CIRES/NSIDC
Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde
Phone: 303/492-1390 • Fax: 303/492-2468
[email p o ec ed]
ARCSS Commi ee (AC) • www.a cus.o g/ARCSS/ARCSS.h ml
Amanda Lynch
CIRES
P og am in A mosphe ic & Oceanic Sciences
Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde
Phone: 303/492-5847 • Fax: 303/492-1149
[email p o ec ed]
Glen M. MacDonald
Depa men s o Geog aphy & O ganismic
Biology, Ecology & E olu ion
Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Los Angeles
Phone: 310/825-2568 • Fax: 310/206-5976
[email p o ec ed]
B uce J. Pe e son
The Ecosys ems Cen e
Ma ine Biological Labo a o y (MBL)
Woods Hole, MA
Phone: 508/289-7484 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
John Wea he ly
Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing
Labo a o y (CRREL)
Hano e , NH
Phone: 603/646-4741 • Fax: 603/646-4644
[email p o ec ed]
HARC Science Managemen O ice
Hen y P. Hun ing on, Di ec o
Hun ing on Consul ing
Eagle Ri e , AK
Phone: 907/696-3564 • Fax: 907/696-3565
[email p o ec ed]
Human Dimensions o he A c ic Sys em (HARC) • www.a cus.o g/ha c
Dan Fe guson, P ojec Manage
ARCUS
Fai banks, AK
Phone: 907/474-1600 • Fax: 907/474-1604
[email p o ec ed]
LAII Science S ee ing Commi ee
F. S ua (Te y) Chapin, III, Co-chai
Ins i u e o A c ic Biology
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-7922 • Fax: 907/474-6967
[email p o ec ed]
Ma hew S u m, Co-chai
CRREL
F . Wainw igh , AK
Phone: 907/353-5183 • Fax: 907/353-5142
[email p o ec ed]
Ma y E. Edwa ds
Geog a isk Ins i u
No wegian Uni . o Science & Technology
T ondheim, No way
Phone: +47/7359-1915 • Fax: +47/7359-1878
[email p o ec ed]
B ad G i i h
Alaska Coop. Fish & Wildli e Resea ch Uni
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-5067 • Fax: 907/474-6716
[email p o ec ed]
Hen y P. Hun ing on
Hun ing on Consul ing
Eagle Ri e , AK
Phone: 907/696-3564 • Fax: 907/696-3565
[email p o ec ed]
Land-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (LAII) p og am • www.laii.ua .edu
Ga y Ko inas
Ins i u e o A c ic S udies
Da mou h College
Hano e , NH
Phone: 603/646-1278 • Fax: 603/646-1279
[email p o ec ed]
And ea H. Lloyd
Depa men o Biology
Middlebu y College, VT
Phone: 802/443-3165 • Fax: 802/443-2072
[email p o ec ed]
B uce J. Pe e son
The Ecosys ems Cen e , MBL
Woods Hole, MA
Phone: 508/289-7484 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
Joshua Schimel
Depa men o Ecology, E olu ion &
Ma ine Biology
Uni e si y o Cali o nia, San a Ba ba a
Phone: 805/893-7688 • Fax: 805/893-4724
[email p o ec ed]
ARCSS P og am Add esses Sp ing 2002
Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (OAII) p og am • h p://a css-oaii.hpl.umces.edu
OAII Science S ee ing Commi ee
Don Pe o ich, Chai -Elec
Snow & Ice Di ision
CRREL
Hano e , NH
Phone: 603/646-4255 • Fax: 603/646-4644
[email p o ec ed]
Leona d A. Ba ie
A mosphe ic Sci. & Global Change Resou ces
Paci ic No hwes Na ional Labo a o y
Richland, WA
Phone: 509/375-3998 • Fax: 509/372-6153
[email p o ec ed]
Dennis A. Da by
Dep . o Ocean, Ea h & A mosphe ic Science
Old Dominion Uni e si y
No olk, VA
Phone: 757/683-4701 • Fax: 757/683-5303
[email p o ec ed]
Thomas L. Delwo h
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Labo a o y
Na ional Oceanic & A mosphe ic Adminis a-
ion (NOAA)
P ince on, NJ
Phone: 609/452-6565 • Fax: 609/987-5063
[email p o ec ed]
Hajo Eicken
Geophysical Ins i u e
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-7280 • Fax: 907/474-7290
[email p o ec ed]
Rob W. Macdonald
Ins i u e o Ocean Sciences
Depa men o Fishe ies & Oceans
Sidney, BC Canada
Phone: 250/363-6409 • Fax: 250/363-6807
[email p o ec ed]
Pa icia A. Ma ai
Bigelow Labo a o y o Ocean Sciences
Wes Boo hbay Ha bo , ME
Phone: 207/633-9614 • Fax: 207/633-9641
[email p o ec ed]
As id E. J. Ogil ie
Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch
Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde
Phone: 303/492-6072 • Fax: 303/492-6388
[email p o ec ed]
Paul B. Shepson
Depa men s o Chemis y, Ea h &
A mosphe ic Sciences
Pu due Uni e si y
Wes La aye e, IN
Phone: 765/494-7441 • Fax: 765/494-0239
[email p o ec ed]
Michael S eele
Applied Physics Labo a o y
Pola Science Cen e (PSC)
Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le
Phone: 206/543-6586 • Fax: 206/616-3142
[email p o ec ed]
Da id Thompson
Depa men o A mosphe ic Science
Colo ado S a e Uni e si y, Fo Collins
Phone: 970/491-3338 • Fax: 970/491-8449
[email p o ec ed]
Cyn hia Tynan
NOAA
No hwes Fishe ies Science Cen e
Sea le, WA
Phone: 206/860-6793 • Fax: 206/860-3267
[email p o ec ed]
John Wea he ly (non-OAII Rep esen a i e)
CRREL
Hano e , NH
Phone: 603/646-4741 • Fax: 603/646-4644
[email p o ec ed]
OAII Science Managemen O ice
Louis A. Codispo i, Di ec o
Ho n Poin Labo a o y
Uni e si y o Ma yland
Phone: 410/221-8479 • Fax: 410/221-8490
[email p o ec ed]
Jane Hawkey, Manage
Ho n Poin Labo a o y
Uni e si y o Ma yland
Phone: 410/221-8416 • Fax: 410/221-8490
[email p o ec ed]
Ma k C. Se eze
CIRES/NSIDC
Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde
Phone: 303/492-2963 • Fax: 303/492-2468
[email p o ec ed]
Gaius Sha e
The Ecosys ems Cen e , MBL
Woods Hole, MA
Phone: 508/289-7492 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
LAII Science Managemen O ice
F. S ua (Te y) Chapin, III, Di ec o
Ins i u e o A c ic Biology
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-7922 • Fax: 907/474-6967
[email p o ec ed]
Pa icia A. Ande son, Depu y Di ec o
Cen e o Global Change & A c ic Sys em
Resea ch
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-5415 • Fax: 907/474-6722
[email p o ec ed]
Sp ing 2002 ARCSS P og am Add esses
Paleoen i onmen al A c ic Sciences (PARCS) • www.ngdc.noaa.go /paleo/pa cs
PARCS Science S ee ing Commi ee
Da ell S. Kau man, Co-Chai
Depa men o Geology
No he n A izona Uni e si y, Flags a
Phone: 928/523-7192 • Fax: 928/523-9220
[email p o ec ed]
Glen M. MacDonald, Co-Chai
Depa men s o Geog aphy & O ganismic
Biology, Ecology & E olu ion
Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Los Angeles
Phone: 310/825-2568 • Fax: 310/206-5976
[email p o ec ed]
Ma ianne Douglas
Depa men o Geology
Uni e si y o To on o, ON, Canada
Phone: 416/978-3709 • Fax: 416/978-3938
[email p o ec ed]
Ma hieu Du all, Da a Manage
Depa men o Geology
Ba es College, Lewis on, ME
Phone: 207/753-6945 • Fax: 207/786-8334
[email p o ec ed]
B uce P. Finney
Ins i u e o Ma ine Science
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-7724 • Fax: 907/474-7204
[email p o ec ed]
Aslaug Gei sdo i
Depa men o Geosciences
Uni e si y o Iceland, Reykja ik
Phone: +354/5254477 • Fax: +354/5254499
[email p o ec ed]
Feng Sheng Hu
Depa men o Plan Biology
Uni e si y o Illinois, U bana
Phone: 217/244-2982 • Fax: 217/244-7246
[email p o ec ed]
Malcolm K. Hughes
Labo a o y o T ee-Ring Resea ch
Uni e si y o A izona, Tucson
Phone: 520/621-6470 • Fax: 520/621-8229
[email p o ec ed]
Anne E. Jennings
Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch
Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde
Phone: 303/492-7621 • Fax: 303/492-6388
[email p o ec ed]
Ana oly V. Lozhkin
No heas In e disciplina y Scien i ic Resea ch
Ins i u e—Fa Eas B anch
Russian Academy o Sciences
16 Po o aya S ee
685000 Magadan, Russia
Phone: +7413/223-0944
Fax: +7413/223-0051
[email p o ec ed]
Gi o d H. Mille , CAPE Rep esen a i e
Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch
Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde
Phone: 303/492-6962 • Fax: 303/492-6388
[email p o ec ed]
Be e L. O o-Bliesne
Clima e Change Resea ch
Na ional Cen e o A mosphe ic Resea ch
Boulde , CO
Phone: 303/497-1723 • Fax: 303/497-1348
[email p o ec ed]
E ic J. S eig
Depa men o Ea h & Space Sciences
Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le
Phone: 206/685-3715 • Fax: 206/685-3836
[email p o ec ed]
PARCS Science Managemen O ice
La y Coa s, Manage
Depa men o Geology
No he n A izona Uni e si y, Flags a
Phone: 928/523-0958 • Fax: 928/556-7500
[email p o ec ed]
Russian Science S ee ing Commi ee
Igo Melniko , Co-chai
P.P. Shi sho Ins i u e o Oceanology
36, Nakhimo ski P .
117997 Moscow, Russia
Phone: +7095/124-5996
Fax: +7095/124-5983
[email p o ec ed]
Se gey P iamiko , Co-chai
A c ic & An a c ic Ins i u e
38, Be ing S ee
199397 S . Pe e sbu g, Russia
Phone: +7812/352-0096
Fax: +7812/352-2685
[email p o ec ed] • [email p o ec ed]
Vladimi Pi ulko (Pending)
Ins i u e o he His o y o Ma e ial Cul u e
Russian Academy o Sciences
18, D o so aya nab.
191186 S . Pe e sbu g, Russia
Phone: +7812/233-6802
Fax: +7812/311-6271
[email p o ec ed]
Nikolai N. Romano skii
Moscow S a e Uni e si y Facul y o Geology
Depa men o Geoc yology
Vo obyo y Go y
119899 Moscow, Russia
Phone: +7095/939-1937
Fax: +7095/932-8889
[email p o ec ed]
Igo P. Semile o
Paci ic Oceanological Ins i u e in Vladi os ok
h ough mid-2002:
F on ie Resea ch Sys em o Global Change
In e na ional A c ic Resea ch Cen e (IARC)
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-6286 • Fax: 907/474-2643
[email p o ec ed] • [email p o ec ed]
Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on Shel -Land En i onmen s
in he A c ic (RAISE) • www. aise.ua .edu
U.S. Science S ee ing Commi ee
Lee Coope , Chai
Dep . o Ecology & E olu iona y Biology
Uni e si y o Tennessee, Knox ille
Phone: 865/974-2990 • Fax: 865/974-3067
[email p o ec ed]
S e e Fo man
Depa men o Geological Sciences
Uni e si y o Illinois, Chicago
Phone: 312/413-9404 • Fax: 312/413-2279
[email p o ec ed]
Richa d Lamme s
Wa e Sys ems Analysis G oup
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, Du ham
Phone: 603/862-4699 • Fax: 603/862-0587
[email p o ec ed]
B uce Pe e son
The Ecosys ems Cen e , MBL
Woods Hole, MA
Phone: 508/548-3705 ex . 7484
Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
And ey P oshu insky
Depa men o Physical Oceanog aphy
Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion, MA
Phone: 508/289-2796 • Fax: 508/457-2181
[email p o ec ed]
Vladimi Romano sky, P ojec O ice Di ec o
Geophysical Ins i u e
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-7459 • Fax: 907/474-7290
[email p o ec ed]
Lau ence Smi h (Pending)
Depa men o Geog aphy
Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Los Angeles
Phone: 310/825-1071 • Fax: 310/206-5976
[email p o ec ed]
La y D. Hinzman, Co-chai
Wa e & En i onmen al Resea ch Cen e
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-7331 • Fax: 907/474-7979
[email p o ec ed]
Cha les Vö ösma y, Co-chai
Wa e Sys ems Analysis G oup
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, Du ham
Phone: 603/862-0850 • Fax: 603/862-0587
[email p o ec ed]
Hen y P. Hun ing on
Hun ing on Consul ing
Eagle Ri e , AK
Phone: 907/696-3564 • Fax: 907/696-3565
[email p o ec ed]
Rob W. Macdonald
Ins i u e o Ocean Sciences
Depa men o Fishe ies and Oceans
Sidney, BC Canada
Phone: 250/363-6409 • Fax: 250/363-6807
[email p o ec ed]
Kyle C. McDonald
Te es ial Science Resea ch Elemen
Je P opulsion Labo a o y (JPL)
Cali o nia Ins i u e o Technology, Pasadena
Phone: 818/354-3263 • Fax: 818/354-9476
[email p o ec ed]
Da id A. McGui e
Ins i u e o A c ic Biology
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-6242 • Fax: 907/474-6716
[email p o ec ed]
Don K. Pe o ich
CRREL
Hano e , NH
Phone: 603/646-4255 • Fax: 603/646-4644
[email p o ec ed]
B uce J. Pe e son
The Ecosys ems Cen e , MBL
Woods Hole, MA
Phone: 508/289-7484 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
Michael S eele
Applied Physics Labo a o y, PSC
Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le
Phone: 206/543-6586 • Fax: 206/616-3142
[email p o ec ed]
Ma hew S u m
CRREL
F . Wainw igh , AK
Phone: 907/353-5183 • Fax: 907/353-5142
[email p o ec ed]
James Sy i ski
Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch
Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde
Phone: 303/492-7909 • Fax: 303/492-6388
[email p o ec ed]
John E. Walsh
Depa men o A mosphe ic Sciences
Uni e si y o Illinois, U bana
Phone: 217/333-7521 • Fax: 217/244-4393
[email p o ec ed]
Robe S. Webb
Na ional Geophysical Da a Cen e E/GC
NOAA
Boulde , CO
Phone: 303/497-6967 • Fax: 303/497-7013
[email p o ec ed]
Pan-A c ic Communi y-wide Hyd ological Analysis & Moni o ing P og am (A c ic-CHAMP)
www.a cus.o g/ARCSS/hyd o/index.h ml
Sp ing 2002 ARCSS P og am Add esses
SEARCH Science S ee ing Commi ee
Jamie Mo ison, Chai & P ojec O ice Di ec o
Applied Physics Lab, PSC
Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le
Phone: 206/543-1394 • Fax: 206/616-3142
[email p o ec ed]
Ve a Alexande
School o Fishe ies & Ocean Sciences
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-6824 • Fax: 907/474-7386
[email p o ec ed]
Louis A. Codispo i
Cen e o En i onmen al Science
Ho n Poin Labo a o y
Uni e si y o Ma yland
Phone: 410/221-8479 • Fax: 410/221-8490
[email p o ec ed]
Thomas L. Delwo h
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Labo a o y
NOAA
P ince on, NJ
Phone: 609/452-6565 • Fax: 609/987-5063
[email p o ec ed]
Bob Dickson
Cen e o En i onmen , Fishe ies &
Aquacul u e Science (CEFAS)
Su olk, UK
Phone: +44/1502-524282
Fax: +44/1502-513865
[email p o ec ed]
Hajo Eicken
Geophysical Ins i u e
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-7280 • Fax: 907/474-7290
[email p o ec ed]
Jacqueline M. G ebmeie
Dep . o Ecology & E olu iona y Biology
Uni e si y o Tennessee, Knox ille
Phone: 865/974-2592 • Fax: 865/974-7896
[email p o ec ed]
Geo ge Hun
Dep . o Ecology & E olu iona y Biology
Uni e si y o Cali o nia, I ine
Phone: 949/824-2181 • Fax: 949/824-2181
[email p o ec ed]
Jack K use
Depa men o Geosciences
Uni e si y o Massachuse s, Le e e
Phone: 413/367-2240 • Fax: 413/367-0092
[email p o ec ed]
Dennis Le enmaie
Ci il & En i onmen al Enginee ing
Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le
Phone: 206/543-2532 • Fax: 206/685-3836
[email p o ec ed]
Da e McGui e
Ins i u e o A c ic Biology
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-6242 • Fax: 907/474-6716
[email p o ec ed]
Jim O e land
Paci ic Ma ine En i onmen al Labo a o y
NOAA, Sea le, WA
Phone: 206/526-6795 • Fax: 206/526-6485
[email p o ec ed]
Jona han O e peck
Ins i u e o he S udy o Plane Ea h
Uni e si y o A izona, Tucson
Phone: 520/622-9065 • Fax: 520/792-8795
[email p o ec ed]
Pe e Schlosse
Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y
Columbia Uni e si y, Palisades, NY
Phone: 914/365-8707 • Fax: 914/365-8155
Ma k C. Se eze
CIRES/NSIDC
Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde
Phone: 303/492-2963 • Fax: 303/492-1149
[email p o ec ed]
Gus Sha e
The Ecosys ems Cen e , MBL
Woods Hole, MA
Phone: 508/289-7492 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
John Walsh
Depa men o A mosphe ic Sciences
Uni e si y o Illinois, U bana
Phone: 217/333-7521 • Fax: 217/244-4393
[email p o ec ed]
S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH)
h p://psc.apl.washing on.edu/sea ch
Roge G. Ba y
CIRES/NSIDC
Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde
Phone: 303/492-5488 • Fax: 303/492-2468
[email p o ec ed]
Ma k Fahnes ock
Complex Sys ems Resea ch Cen e
Ins . o he S udy o Ea h, Oceans & Space
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, Du ham
Phone: 603/862-5065 • Fax: 603/862-0188
[email p o ec ed]
A c ic-CHAMP Science S ee ing Commi ee
Publica ions
ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2002
Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 3535 College Road • Sui e 101 • Fai banks, AK 99709
Hen y P. Hun ing on, P esiden
Hun ing on Consul ing
23834 The Clea ing D i e
Eagle Ri e , AK 99577
Phone: 907/696-3564 • Fax: 907/696-3565
[email p o ec ed]
Lilian Alessa
Depa men o Biology
Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age
3211 P o idence D i e
Ancho age, AK 99508
Phone: 907/786-1507 • Fax: 907/786-4607
[email p o ec ed] • www.uaa.alaska.edu
Raymond S. B adley
Depa men o Geosciences
Uni e si y o Massachuse s
Mo ill Science Cen e
Campus Box 35820
Amhe s , MA 01003-5820
Phone: 413/545-2120 • Fax: 413/545-1200
[email p o ec ed] • www.umass.edu
Louis A. Codispo i, Sec e a y
Cen e o En i onmen al Science
Ho n Poin Labo a o y
Uni e si y o Ma yland
PO Box 775
Camb idge, MD 21601-0775
Phone: 410/221-8479 • Fax: 410/221-8490
[email p o ec ed] • www.umd.edu
G ego y M. Fla o
Canadian Cen e o Clima e Modeling &
Analysis–A mosphe ic En i onmen Se ice
Uni e si y o Vic o ia
PO Box 1700
Vic o ia, BC V8W2Y2 Canada
Phone: 250/363-8233 • Fax: 250/363-8247
[email p o ec ed] • www.u ic.ca
Ha ald Gaski
Facul y o Humani ies–Depa men o Sámi
Uni e si y o T omsø
N-9037 T omsø, No way
Phone: +47/7764-4259 • Fax: +47/7764-4239
[email p o ec ed] • www.ui .no
Taqulik Hepa
Depa men o Wildli e Managemen
No h Slope Bo ough
PO Box 69
Ba ow, AK 99723
Phone: 907/852-0350 • Fax: 907/852-0351
[email p o ec ed] •
www.co.no h-slope.ak.us
Da id R. Klein, T easu e
Ins i u e o A c ic Biology
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757020
Fai banks, AK 99775-7020
Phone: 907/474-6674 • Fax: 907/474-6967
[email p o ec ed] • www.ua .edu
Daniel H. Mann
Ins i u e o A c ic Biology
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757000
Fai banks, AK 99775-7000
Phone: 907/474-2419 • Fax: 907/474-7640
[email p o ec ed] • www.ua .edu
ARCUS Boa d o Di ec o s • www.a cus.o g/ARCUS/di ec o s.h ml
Wieslaw Maslowski, Execu i e Commi ee
Depa men o Oceanog aphy–Code OC/Ma
Na al Pos g adua e School
833 Dye Road, Room 331
Mon e ey, CA 93943-5122
Phone: 831/656-3162 • Fax: 831/656-2712
[email p o ec ed] • www.nps.na y.mil
As id E. J. Ogil ie
Ins i u e o A c ic and Alpine Resea ch
Uni e si y o Colo ado Boulde
Campus Box 450
1560 30 h S ee
Boulde , CO 80309-0450
Phone: 303/492-6072 • Fax: 303/492-6388
[email p o ec ed] • www.colo ado.edu
Ma k C. Se eze, Execu i e Commi ee
CIRES/Na ional Snow & Ice Da a Cen e
Uni e si y o Colo ado Boulde
Campus Box 216
Boulde , CO 80309-0449
Phone: 303/492-2963 • Fax: 303/492-2468
[email p o ec ed] • www.colo ado.edu
Be na d D. Zak
En i onmen al Cha ac e iza ion & Moni o ing
Sys ems Depa men
Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies
PO Box 5800
Albuque que, NM 87185-0755
Phone: 505/845-8631 • Fax: 505/844-0116
[email p o ec ed] • www.sandia.go
ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es
Alaska No h Slope Bo ough
Depa men o Wildli e Managemen
www.co.no h-slope.ak.us
Robe Suydam
Depa men o Wildli e Managemen
No h Slope Bo ough
PO Box 69
Ba ow, AK 99723
Phone: 907/852-0350 • Fax: 907/852-0351
[email p o ec ed]
Todd O’Ha a
add ess, phone, & ax same as Robe Suydam
[email p o ec ed]
A izona S a e Uni e si y
www.asu.edu
An hony J. B azel
Depa men o Geog aphy
A izona S a e Uni e si y
PO Box 870104
Tempe, AZ 85287-0104
Phone: 480/965-6436 • Fax: 480/965-8313
[email p o ec ed]
Ba es College
www.ba es.edu
Michael Re elle
Geology Depa men
Ba es College
44 Campus A enue
Lewis on, ME 04240
Phone: 207/786-6155 • Fax: 207/786-8334
[email p o ec ed]
William G. Amb ose
Biology Depa men
add ess same as Michael Re elle
Phone: 207/786-6114 • Fax: 207/786-6123
[email p o ec ed]
B own Uni e si y
www.b own.edu
Douglas D. Ande son
Depa men o An h opology
B own Uni e si y
PO Box 1921
P o idence, RI 02912
Phone: 401/863-7060 • Fax: 401/863-7588
[email p o ec ed]
The Cen e o No he n S udies
h p://communi y.middlebu y.edu/~cns
S e en Young
The Cen e o No he n S udies
479 C oss Road
Wolco , VT 05680-4088
Phone: 802/888-4331 • Fax: 802/888-3969
[email p o ec ed]
S e en Cox
con ac in o ma ion same as S e en Young
Cold Regions Resea ch &
Enginee ing Labo a o y (CRREL)
www.c el.usace.a my.mil
Deb a Meese
Snow & Ice Di ision
Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y
72 Lyme Road
Hano e , NH 03755-1290
Phone: 603/646-4594 • Fax: 603/646-4644
[email p o ec ed]
Wal e (Te y) Tucke , III
add ess same as Deb a Meese
Phone: 603/646-4268 • Fax: 603/646-4644
[email p o ec ed]
(con inued nex page)

ARCUS • 907/474-1600 • Fax 907/474-1604 • [email p o ec ed] • www.a cus.o g
ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2002
ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es
(con inued)
Da mou h College
www.da mou h.edu
O an R. Young
Ins i u e o A c ic S udies
Da mou h College
6214 Fai child
Hano e , NH 03755-3517
Phone: 603/646-1278 • Fax: 603/646-1279
[email p o ec ed]
Ross A. Vi ginia
En i onmen al S udies P og am
Da mou h College
6182 S eele Hall
Hano e , NH 03755-3577
Phone: 603/646-1456 • Fax: 603/646-1682
[email p o ec ed]
Dese Resea ch Ins i u e
www.d i.edu
Randy Bo ys
S o m Peak Labo a o y
Dese Resea ch Ins i u e
PO Box 770799
S eamboa Sp ings, CO 80477-0799
Phone: 970/879-8796 • Fax: 970/879-7819
[email p o ec ed]
Joseph R. McConnell
Di ision o Hyd ologic Sciences
Dese Resea ch Ins i u e
2215 Raggio Pa kway
Reno, NV 89512
Phone: 775/673-7348 • Fax: 775/673-7363
[email p o ec ed]
Emb y-Riddle Ae onau ical Uni e si y
www.e au.edu
Gulamabas G. Si jee
Physical Sciences Depa men
Emb y-Riddle Ae onau ical Uni e si y
600 S. Clyde Mo is Boule a d
Day ona Beach, FL 32114-3900
Phone: 904/226-6711 • Fax: 904/226-6713
[email p o ec ed]
John J. Oli e o
add ess same as Gulamabas G. Si jee
Phone: 904/226-6709 • Fax: 904/226-6713
[email p o ec ed]
Founda ion o Glacie
and En i onmen al Resea ch
www.mines.uidaho.edu/glacie
Mayna d M. Mille
Founda ion o Glacie & En i onmen al Resea ch
Uni e si y o Idaho
514 Eas Fi s S ee
Moscow, ID 83843
Phone: 208/882-1237 • Fax: 208/882-6207
[email p o ec ed]
Lance D. Mille
Founda ion o Glacie & En i onmen al Resea ch
4470 No h Douglas Highway
Juneau, AK 99801
Phone & Fax: 907/463-5186
[email p o ec ed]
Iøisaå ik College
h p://ilisag ik.co.no h-slope.ak.us
Edna MacLean
Iøisaå ik College
PO Box 749
Ba ow, AK 99723-0749
Phone: 907/852-9101 • Fax: 907/852-9102
[email p o ec ed]
Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y
o Columbia Uni e si y
www.ldeo.columbia.edu
William M. Sme hie
Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y
PO Box 1000
Palisades, NY 10964-8000
Phone: 845/365-8566 • Fax: 845/365-8176
[email p o ec ed]
James R. Coch an
add ess same as William M. Sme hie
Phone: 845/365-8396 • Fax: 845/365-8179
[email p o ec ed]
Louisiana S a e Uni e si y
www.lsu.edu
H. Jesse Walke
Depa men o Geog aphy & An h opology
Louisiana S a e Uni e si y
Ba on Rouge, LA 70803-4105
Phone: 225/578-6130 • Fax: 225/578-4420
[email p o ec ed]
Robe H. Baumann
Cen e o Ene gy S udies
120 Ene gy Cen e
Louisiana S a e Uni e si y
Ba on Rouge, LA 70803
Phone: 225/578-4400 • Fax: 225/578-4541
[email p o ec ed]
Ma ine Biological Labo a o y
www.mbl.edu
B uce J. Pe e son
The Ecosys ems Cen e
Ma ine Biological Labo a o y
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Phone: 508/289-7484 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
Knu e Nadelho e
add ess same as B uce J. Pe e son
Phone: 508/289-7493 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
Michigan S a e Uni e si y
www.msu.edu
Pa ick J. Webbe
Depa men o Bo any & Plan Pa hology
Michigan S a e Uni e si y
100 N. Kedzie Hall
Eas Lansing, MI 48824-1031
Phone: 517/355-1284 • Fax: 517/432-2150
[email p o ec ed]
Robe D. Hollis e
add ess same as Pa ick J. Webbe
Phone: 517/432-2399 • Fax: 517/432-2150
[email p o ec ed]
No he n Illinois Uni e si y
www.niu.edu
Ross D. Powell
Depa men o Geology
No he n Illinois Uni e si y
312 Da is Hall
DeKalb, IL 60115-2854
Phone: 815/753-7952 • Fax: 815/753-1945
[email p o ec ed]
The Ohio S a e Uni e si y
www.acs.ohio-s a e.edu
W. Be y Lyons
By d Pola Resea ch Cen e
The Ohio S a e Uni e si y
1090 Ca mack Road
Columbus, OH 43210-1002
Phone: 614/688-3241 • Fax: 614/292-4697
[email p o ec ed]
O egon S a e Uni e si y
www.o s .edu
Timo hy Boyd
College o Oceanic & A mosphe ic Sciences
O egon S a e Uni e si y
104 Ocean Adminis a ion Building
Co allis, OR 97331-5503
Phone: 541/737-4035 • Fax: 541/737-2064
[email p o ec ed]
E elyn B. She
add ess same as Timo hy Boyd
Phone: 541/737-4369 • Fax: 541/737-2064
[email p o ec ed]
San Diego S a e Uni e si y
www.sdsu.edu
W. Timo hy Hushen
San Diego S a e Uni e si y Founda ion—
Resea ch Managemen
San Diego S a e Uni e si y
5250 Campanile D i e
San Diego, CA 92182
Phone: 619/594-4102 • Fax: 619/582-9164
[email p o ec ed]
Douglas A. S ow
Depa men o Geog aphy
San Diego S a e Uni e si y
5500 Campanile D i e
San Diego, CA 92182-4493
Phone: 619/594-5498 • Fax: 619/594-4938
[email p o ec ed]
Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies
www.sandia.go
Je ey Zi zow
Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies
PO Box 5800, MS 0755
Albuque que, NM 87185-0755
Phone: 505/284-4446 • Fax: 505/844-0968
[email p o ec ed]
ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2002
Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 3535 College Road • Sui e 101 • Fai banks, AK 99709
ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es
(con inued)
Smi hsonian Ins i u ion
www.si.edu
A on L. C owell
Ancho age Museum o His o y & A
Smi hsonian A c ic S udies Cen e
Smi hsonian Ins i u ion
121 W. 7 h A enue
Ancho age, AK 99501
Phone: 907/343-6162 • Fax: 907/343-6130
[email p o ec ed]
S ephen Lo ing
A c ic S udies Cen e
Depa men o An h opology
Smi hsonian Ins i u ion
NMNH MRC-112
10 h and Cons i u ion NW
Washing on, DC 20560
Phone: 202/357-4742 • Fax: 202/357-2684
[email p o ec ed]
SRI In e na ional
www.s i.com
John D. Kelly
Ionosphe ic & Space Physics G oup
SRI In e na ional
333 Ra enswood A enue
Menlo Pa k, CA 94025
Phone: 650/859-3749 • Fax: 650/322-2318
[email p o ec ed]
Je Thaye
Enginee ing & Sys ems Di ision
add ess same as John D. Kelly
Phone: 650/859-3557 • Fax: 650/322-2318
[email p o ec ed]
Texas A&M Uni e si y
www. amu.edu
Da id A. B ooks
College o Geosciences
Texas A&M Uni e si y
3148 CAMPUS
College S a ion, TX 77845-3148
Phone: 979/845-3651 • Fax: 979/845-0056
[email p o ec ed]
Mahlon C. Kennicu , II
Geochemical & En i onmen al Resea ch G oup
Texas A&M Uni e si y
833 G aham Road
College S a ion, TX 77845
Phone: 979/862-2323 • Fax: 979/862-2361
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age
www.uaa.alaska.edu
Bja ma S einbjo nsson
Depa men o Biological Sciences
Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age
3211 P o idence D i e
Ancho age, AK 99508
Phone: 907/786-1366 • Fax: 907/786-4607
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
www.ua .edu
Roge W. Ruess
Ins i u e o A c ic Biology
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757000
Fai banks, AK 99775-7000
Phone: 907/474-7153 • Fax: 907/474-6967
[email p o ec ed]
Ted DeLaca
O ice o A c ic Resea ch
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757560
Fai banks, AK 99775-7560
Phone: 907/474-7314 • Fax: 907/474-1836
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Alaska S a ewide
www.alaska.edu
C aig E. Do man
Uni e si y o Alaska S a ewide
PO Box 755000
Fai banks, AK 99775-5000
Phone: 907/474-5750 • Fax: 907/474-7570
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Colo ado
www.colo ado.edu
Rudy J. Dich l
CIRES/NSIDC
Uni e si y o Colo ado
Campus Box 449
Boulde , CO 80309-0449
Phone: 303/492-5532 • Fax: 303/492-2468
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Massachuse s
www.umass.edu
Julie B igham-G e e
Depa men o Geosciences
Uni e si y o Massachuse s
Mo ill Science Cen e
Campus Box 35820
Amhe s , MA 01003-5820
Phone: 413/545-4840 • Fax: 413/545-1200
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Miami
www.miami.edu
Pe e J. Minne
Rosens iel School o Ma ine &
A mosphe ic Science
Uni e si y o Miami
4600 Rickenbacke Causeway
Miami, FL 33149
Phone: 305/361-4104 • Fax: 305/361-4622
[email p o ec ed]
Za e Top
add ess same as Pe e J. Minne
Phone: 305/361-4110 • Fax: 305/361-4911
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Neb aska-Lincoln
www.unl.edu
Clin on M. Rowe
Depa men o Geosciences
Uni e si y o Neb aska–Lincoln
Bessey Hall, Room 305C
Lincoln, NE 68588-0340
Phone: 402/472-1946 • Fax: 402/472-4917
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e
www.unh.edu
Came on Wake
Clima e Change Resea ch Cen e
Ins i u e o he S udy o Ea h, Oceans, & Space
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e
39 College Road–Mo se Hall
Du ham, NH 03824-3525
Phone: 603/862-2329 • Fax: 603/862-2124
[email p o ec ed]
Jack Dibb
Glacie Resea ch G oup
add ess same as Came on Wake
Phone: 603/862-3063 • Fax: 603/862-2124
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Washing on
www.washing on.edu
Ronald S. Sle en
Qua e na y Resea ch Cen e
Uni e si y o Washing on
Box 351360
Sea le, WA 98195-1360
Phone: 206/543-0571 • Fax: 206/543-3836
[email p o ec ed]
Jody W. Deming
School o Oceanog aphy
Uni e si y o Washing on
Box 357940
Sea le, WA 98195
Phone: 206/543-0845 • Fax: 206/543-0275
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison
www.wisc.edu
James G. Bockheim
Depa men o Soil Science
Uni e si y o Wisconsin–Madison
1525 Obse a o y D i e
Madison, WI 53706-1299
Phone: 608/263-5903 • Fax 608/265-2595
[email p o ec ed]
Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion
www.whoi.edu
And ey P oshu insky
Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion, MS 29
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Phone: 508/289-2796 • Fax: 508/457-2181
[email p o ec ed]
Susumu Honjo
Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion, MS 23
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Phone: 508/540-1162 • Fax: 508/540-9439
[email p o ec ed]
ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2002
ARCUS • 907/474-1600 • Fax 907/474-1604 • [email p o ec ed] • www.a cus.o g
Al ed Wegene Ins i u e o Pola &
Ma ine Resea ch
www.awi-b eme ha en.de
Jö n Thiede
Al ed Wegene Ins i u e o Pola &
Ma ine Resea ch
Columbuss asse
D-27568 B eme ha en, Ge many
Phone: +49/471-4831-1100
Fax: +49/471-4831-1102
[email p o ec ed]
Raine Paulenz
add ess, phone, & ax same as Jö n Thiede
[email p o ec ed]
Associa ion o Canadian Uni e si ies
o No he n S udies (ACUNS)
www.cybe us.ca/~acuns
Robe C. Bailey
Depa men o Zoology & Aqua ic Ecology
Uni e si y o Wes e n On a io
Biological and Geological Sciences Building
London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
Phone: 519/661-4022 • Fax: 519/661-2014
[email p o ec ed]
F ances Abele-Kinloch
School o Public Adminis a ion
Ca le on Uni e si y
1125 Colonel By D i e
O awa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
Phone: 613/520-2600 ex 2553
Fax: 613/520-2551
[email p o ec ed]
GEOMAR Resea ch Cen e o Ma ine
Geosciences
www.geoma .de
Heidema ie Kassens
Depa men o Paleoceanog aphy
GEOMAR Resea ch Cen e o Ma ine Geosciences
Wischho s asse 1-3, Geb 4
D-24148 Kiel, Ge many
Phone: +49/431-6002-850
Fax: +49/431-6002-941
[email p o ec ed]
McGill Uni e si y
www.mcgill.ca
Ma ianne S enbaek
Cul u al S udies Depa men
McGill Uni e si y
853 She b ooke S ee
Mon eal, QC H3A 2T6 Canada
Phone: 514/398-6579 • Fax: 514/398-8146
[email p o ec ed]
No wegian Pola Ins i u e
www.npola .no
Ola O heim
Pola En i onmen al Cen e
No wegian Pola Ins i u e
Pola miljøsen e e
N-9296 T omsø, No way
Phone: +47/7775-0620 • Fax: +47/7775-0501
[email p o ec ed]
Pål P es ud
Resea ch Depa men
No wegian Pola Ins i u e
Pola miljøsen e e
N-9296 T omsø, No way
Phone: +47/7775-0530 • Fax: +47/7775-0501
[email p o ec ed]
Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e
www.sp i.cam.ac.uk
Kei h S. Richa ds
Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e
Uni e si y o Camb idge
Lens ield Road
CB2 1ER Camb idge, UK
Phone: +44/1223-336-579
Fax: +44/1223-336-549
[email p o ec ed]
William J. Mills
add ess same as Kei h S. Richa ds
Phone: +44/1223-336-557
Fax: +44/1223-336-549
[email p o ec ed]
The Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d
www.unis.no
Lasse Lønnum
The Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d
PO Box 156
N-9170 Longyea byen, No way
Phone: +47/7902-3305 • Fax: +47/7902-3301
[email p o ec ed]
T ond Dokken
Depa men o Geology
Uni e si y o Be gen
Allég 55
N-5007 Be gen, No way
Phone: +47/7902-3331 • Fax: +47/7902-3301
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia
www.unbc.ca
Ke in Hall
Geog aphy P og am
Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia
3333 Uni e si y Way
P ince Geo ge, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada
Phone: 250/960-5864 • Fax: 250/960-5538
[email p o ec ed]
Ka he ine Pa ke
Fo es y P og am
add ess same as Ke in Hall
Phone: 250/960-5812 • Fax: 250/960-5539
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o T omsø
www.ui .no
Ing ild B och
Resea ch Depa men
Uni e si y o T omsø
N-9037 T omsø, No way
Phone: +47/7764-4262 • Fax: +47/7764-4900
[email p o ec ed]
Gei Go aas
Roald Amundsen Cen e o A c ic Resea ch
add ess same as Ing ild B och
Phone: +47/7764-5241 • Fax: +47/7767-6672
[email p o ec ed]
ARCUS In e na ional A ilia es
(con inued nex column)
ARCUS A c ic Resea ch
Suppo and Logis ics
Wo king G oup •
www.a cus.o g/Logis ics/RSLWG/
wo king_g oup.h ml
Pe e Schlosse , Co-chai
Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y
Palisades, NY
Phone: 845/365-8707 • Fax: 845/365-8155
[email p o ec ed]
Te y Tucke , Co-chai
Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y
Hano e , NH
Phone: 603/646-4268 • Fax: 603/646-4644
[email p o ec ed]
Julie B igham-G e e
Depa men o Geosciences
Uni e si y o Massachuse s, Amhe s
Phone: 413/545-4840 • Fax: 413/545-1200
[email p o ec ed]
Jack Dibb
Glacie Resea ch G oup
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, Du ham
Phone: 603/862-3063 • Fax: 603/862-2124
[email p o ec ed]
Jack K use
Depa men o Geosciences
Uni e si y o Massachuse s, Amhe s
Phone: 413/367-2240 • Fax: 413/367-0092
[email p o ec ed]
Miles McPhee
McPhee Resea ch
Naches, WA
Phone: 509/658-2575 • Fax: 509/658-2575
[email p o ec ed]
C aig Nicolson
Depa men o Na u al Resou ces Conse a ion
Uni e si y o Massachuse s, Amhe s
Phone: 413/545-3154 • Fax: 413/545-4358
[email p o ec ed]
Roge W. Smi h
Geophysical Ins i u e
Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks
Phone: 907/474-7416 • Fax: 907/474-5882
[email p o ec ed]
Ma hew S u m
Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y
F . Wainw igh , AK
Phone: 907/353-5183 • Fax: 907/353-5142
[email p o ec ed]
Taneil U al
En i onmen al Resea ch Labo a o y
Na ional Oceanic & A mosphe ic Adminis a ion
(NOAA)
Boulde , CO
Phone: 303/497-6409 • Fax: 303/497-6978
[email p o ec ed]