Witness the Arctic - Spring 2002, Volume 9 Number 2

1 con inued on nex page Ch onicles o he NSF A c ic Sciences P og am Sp ing 2002, Volume 9 Numbe 2 ARCTIC In No embe 2001, Ancien Ice, Cool Science: Clima e Change in he No h opened a he Pea y-MacMillan A c ic Museum a Bowdoin College in B uns- wick, Maine. On iew un il all 2003, he new exhibi , designed o he gene al public, p esen s a b oad a ay o in o ma- ion abou con empo a y esea ch on clima e change in he A c ic. The A c ic Museum’s Russell and Jane Doubleday endowmen unded he de elopmen and p oduc ion o Ancien Ice. The idea o an exhibi on clima e change g ew in pa om isi o s’ eac- ions o p e ious exhibi s and p og ams add essing he ela ionship o a ious no he n g oups o he en i onmen . Local elemen a y school s uden s, Bowdoin College unde g adua es, ou is s, and o he isi o s we e o en su p ised o lea n, o example, he ex en o pas clima ic and en i onmen al changes and ha no all changes we e caused by humans. Museum s a no ed ha , while media p esen a ions o opics in clima e change may o e simpli y and sensa ional- ize he issues, mo e de ailed schola ly p esen a ions a e less accessible o gene al audiences. As he s a pe cei ed a need o dissemina e in o ma ion abou clima e change esea ch, hey also ecognized he inc easing numbe o Bowdoin acul y eaching and in es iga ing opics ela ed o clima ic and en i onmen al change. They saw an oppo uni y o engage and chal- lenge isi o s wi h a wide a ay o in o ma- ion abou clima e change by using h ee- dimensional objec s, suppo ed by pho o- g aphs and o he g aphics, o ell s o ies. Ancien Ice ells i s complex s o ies h ough case s udies based on pa icula issues o speci ic esea ch p ojec s. D aw- ing on con ibu ions om museum s a , college acul y, and o he colleagues, he exhibi explo es how: •wea he and clima e a e ela ed, •pas and cu en clima es a e s udied, •a c ic clima es ha e changed in he pas and a e changing now, •a c ic people ha e adap ed o pas clima e change, and •p esen and u u e change may a ec no he n esiden s. Fo housands o yea s, Inui ha e used sea ice, an in eg al pa o he a c ic ma ine ecosys em, as a hun ing pla o m and a highway. Employing Inui echniques, explo e s such as Robe E. Pea y a eled wi h dog- d awn sleds o e he sea ice o he A c ic Ocean in hopes o eaching he No h Pole. On his 1906 and 1908 expedi ions, Pea y, his c ews, and Inui companions e ied dogs, men, and supplies ac oss nume ous leads— c acks ha open in he ice—using blocks o ice as ba ges. Ul ima ely, Pea y’s pa h o he No h Pole in Ap il 1906 was blocked by a la ge expanse o open wa e and mo ing ice. Today, a el o e sea ice is inc easingly di icul and dange ous, as he ice co e is hinning (hand- in ed glass lan e n slide by Donald B. MacMillan, 1908–09. Gi o Donald and Mi iam MacMillan, © Bowdoin College). Ch onicles o he NSF A c ic Sciences P og am Sp ing 2002, Volume 9 Numbe 2 Ancien Ice, Cool Science B ings he Public Face o Face Wi h Clima e Change Resea ch in he No h Gene ie e LeMoine and Susan A. Kaplan Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 3535 College Road • Sui e 101 • Fai banks, AK 99709 2 Fea u e A icle Se ing he Con ex : Wea he and Clima e Because mos isi o s ha e li le back- g ound in clima e s udies, Ancien Ice in oduces basic concep s o wea he and clima e. Fo he exhibi , Bowdoin College acul y Pe e Lea (Geology), Ca ey Phillips (Biology), and p og amme Randall Downe expanded hei me eo ological s udy om he college’s Coas al S udies Cen e on nea by O ’s Island o he own o B unswick and p epa ed a web si e so ha isi o s can obse e eal- ime da a om he wo loca ions. They can also explo e his o ic wea he ends and, h ough access o he Wea he Unde g ound web si e (www.wunde g ound.com), iew wea he condi ions ac oss he A c ic and An a c ica. O he in o ma ion ha helps isi o s connec wea he in he sho e m wi h clima e in he long e m includes: •snow all da a om ecen decades in Maine (cou esy o Ma k Zielinski, Uni e si y o Maine, O ono); •a compa ison o ins umen al eco ds and p oxy da a om England o e he pas millennium, including in o ma ion de i ed om ice co es, co al, lake sedi- men s, and ee ings (p epa ed by Philip Jones and colleagues, Uni e si y o Eas Anglia); and •lake sedimen co e sec ions (cou esy o Mike Re elle, Ba es College, and Ma ianne Douglas, Uni e si y o To on o). The exhibi uses ee ings o illus a e he links among wea he , g ow h a e, and clima e. E en young child en equen ly a e amilia wi h he concep o annual g ow h ings and can g asp how his in o ma ion can be used o econs uc clima e. Visi o s a e s uck by he ob ious dispa i ies in g ow h a es in a ious spe- cies o ees and in specimens om di e - en clima ic a eas. The exhibi con as s: •small (15–25 cm diame e ) ee cookies aken om Lab ado ees ha we e abou 200 yea s old; he ma e ial is om a dend och onology p ojec un by Susan Kaplan (di ec o o he A c ic Museum) and Rosanne D’A igo and B endan Buckley (Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y); wi h •slabs o wood wo ee in diame e om wo ees om he Bowdoin campus. One ee, an oak, was abou 200 yea s old when i died, while a simila -sized pine ee was only hal ha age. Long- e m Clima e Change Mos people a e amilia wi h clima e change in he o m o ice ages— okens o Pleis ocene ice shee s abound in Maine— bu in Ancien Ice, isi o s come ace o ace wi h p ehis o ic indica o s o opical clima e in he High A c ic. Fossil wood, 45 million yea s old, om he Eocene o es s o Axel Heibu g Island (len by James Basinge , Uni e si y o Saska chewan) and cas s o dinosau bones and oo p in s om Bylo Island and he No h Slope o Alaska (cou esy o Roland Ganglo and Ke in May, Uni e si y o Alaska Museum) show isi o s ha he A c ic was once a much wa me place. The eco ds om co es ex ac ed om he G eenland ice shee in 1992 and 1993 (see Wi ness Sp ing 1997) desc ibe 110,000 yea s o clima ic and en i onmen al change in unp eceden ed de ail. In Oc obe 1999, as esea che s inished collec ing and ca a- loging da a om he co es, he Na ional Ice Co e Labo a o y began making he deaccessioned ice co es a ailable o educa- ional pu poses. Wi h he assis ance o Ma k Twickle (Uni e si y o New Hamp- shi e), a one-me e sec ion o he 3,029- me e ice co e ob ained by he G eenland Ice Shee P ojec Two (GISP2) became one o he ancho pieces o he Ancien Ice exhibi (see pho o). Visi o s d awn o i s jewel-like quali y a e soon engaged in displays ha add dep h o he exhibi , including: •pho og aphs o esea che s a he d ill si e (cou esy o he Paleoclima ology P og am o he Na ional Oceanic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion; www. ngdc.noaa.go /paleo/educa ion.h ml); •a d ill bi used in co ing glacial ice in An a c ica (loaned by Ma k Ba le, Bowdoin College); and •a 2.4 m g aph o changes in oxygen iso ope (18O) a ios, a p oxy indica o o empe a u e, h oughou he eco d p o ided by he GISP2 ice co e, illus a ed wi h images and cap ions highligh ing signi ican geological and his o ical e en s.2 Clima e Change and Wildli e Case s udies o he e ec s o clima e change on a c ic wildli e explo e he e ec s o apidly wa ming and cooling empe a- u es on animals, he impo ance o bo h sea ice and polynyas o ma ine ecosys ems, and he dynamics o he No h A lan ic Oscilla ion. G an Gilch is and Ian S i ling (Canadian Wildli e Se ice) and Mike Hammill (Depa men o Fishe ies and Oceans, Canada) a e among he biolo- gis s who supplied ecen da a on a c ic species, including eide ducks, inged seals, pola bea s, and eindee . Animal moun s, ca ings, Inui implemen s and clo hing, pho og aphs, and o he g aphics help communica e hese complex s o ies and hei signi icance o a c ic esiden s. Clima e Change and Human His o y O he Ancien Ice case s udies examine how clima e change has a ec ed human socie ies and demons a e how paleo- clima ic esea ch, a chaeology, his o y, and o he paleoscience disciplines can be used o unde s and cul u al esponses o clima e change. Thomas McGo e n (Ci y Uni e - si y o New Yo k-Hun e College) and his colleagues in es iga ed he G eenland No se, whose cul u al in lexibili y doomed hem o ex inc ion a ound AD 1350 (see Wi ness Au umn 1994). This s o y is illus a ed wi h G eenlandic No se objec s on loan om he Na ional Museum o Denma k. The No se case s udy con as s wi h ha o he Thule people—ances o s o p esen -day G eenlandic and No h Ame ican Inui —who success ully adap ed o he Medie al Wa m Pe iod and he Li le Ice Age. This s o y is old wi h deco- a i e clo hing, elabo a e weapons used o hun e es ial and ma ine mammals in a a ie y o en i onmen s, and e hnohis o ic pho og aphs om he museum’s collec- ions. The case s udy illus a es how he A sec ion o he G eenland Ice Shee P ojec Two (GISP2) ice co e (113–114 m, da ing o he 17 h cen u y) is one o he s a s o he Ancien Ice show. Li wi h ibe op ics agains a backg ound o black el e , he sec ion is displayed in a cus omized household eeze wi h a he moplane op amed in che y1. (pho o by Da id Maschino, © Bowdoin College). 3 Fea u e A icle In Maine, he summe o 1816 was bo h colde and d ie han usual. F os s hi inland a ms in e e y mon h o he yea , and sou he n Maine expe ienced he sho es g owing season e e eco ded—jus 68 days. The igu e shows daily and mon hly mean empe a u es o 1816 a B unswick, on sou he n Maine’s coas . William R. Ba on, His o ic Clima e Reco ds O ice. In: Yea Wi hou a Summe ? Wo ld Clima e in 1816, C. R. Ha ing on, ed., 1992 ( igu e cou esy o he au ho ). To adap success ully o changing condi ions in di e en egions o he A c ic, Thule people and hei p esen -day Inui descendan s ha e de eloped a complex a ay o ools and echniques o hun a a ie y o species, depending on a ailabili y. In his July 1922 pho o, a Ba in Island man holds a ish lu e. In his o he hand, he g asps a spea o impale ish d awn o he lu e (gela in p in by Donald B. MacMillan. Ka a an and Nipa chee ishing, Goding Lake. Gi o Donald and Mi iam MacMillan, © Bowdoin College). JF MAMJ JASOND -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Daily and Mon hly A e age Tempe a u es a B unswick, Maine, 1816 Deg ees Celsius Mon h Inui lou ished in condi ions ha de as a ed he No se. Ancien Ice also explo es he ami ica- ions o apid change by ocusing on olcanic e up ions. Geological specimens, pho og aphs o e up ions and o ca s co e ed in ash gene a ed by Moun S . Helens, and a canis e o eph a om ha e up ion b ing his uni o li e. Scien is s a e no he only people obse ing and cul i a ing an in-dep h unde s anding o how no he n en i on- men s ha e been changing. Anne Henshaw (di ec o o Bowdoin’s Coas al S udies Cen e ) in e iewed Inui om Ba in Island conce ning changing en i onmen al condi ions hey ha e wi nessed in hei li e imes. Visi o s can wa ch ideos o some o hese in e iews a an Ancien Ice kiosk. Ano he display de o ed o 1816, known as “ he yea wi hou a summe ,” includes he o iginal no ebook in which Pa ke Clea eland, hen p esiden o Bowdoin College, eco ded wea he condi- ions h ee imes a day, documen ing he unusually cold summe ha doomed Maine’s ag icul u al indus y (see igu e). Ancien Ice also explo es he e ec s ha humans can ha e on Ea h’s en i onmen , using he oxic elemen lead as an example. This display includes: •a Roman cup and piece o pipe made o lead (on loan om he Museum o A , Bowdoin College, and P o esso James Higginbo ham, Classics); •lead o e om he Pola is Mine in Nuna u , Canada (dona ed by Cominco, L d.); •ad e isemen s o “e hyl,” a lead-based addi i e o gasoline; and •da a om he GISP2 ice co e3 ha documen he use o lead by he Romans, he apid ise in a mosphe ic lead wi h he in oduc ion o leaded gasoline, and i s p ecipi ous d op since he enac men o he 1970 Clean Ai Ac . Beyond Museum Walls Ancien Ice is no con ined o i s display cases. A yea be o e he exhibi opened, he museum collabo a ed wi h Ma k Ba le and he Bowdoin College Physics Depa men o hos a con e ence, “Un a eling Clima e Change.” In Ap il 2002, he museum hos ed a second symposium, “Coas al Communi ies and Clima e Change in he No h A lan ic,” in collabo a ion wi h he Coas al S udies Cen e and he En i onmen al S udies P og am. The museum also sponso ed “Wea he Whys,” a mo ning o amily ac i i ies abou wea he , ice, and no he n peoples ha a ac ed app oxima ely 250 isi o s in Ap il 2002. Dozens o clima e esea che s a ound he wo ld con ibu ed o he de elopmen and p oduc ion o Ancien Ice. Indi idual esea che s, a chi es, and go e nmen al agencies we e e y gene ous, helping museum s a ob ain, in e p e , and cus omize massi e da ase s and ex ensi e pho og aphic iles. On he s eng h o his unp eceden ed gene osi y, we ha e been able o inc ease he public’s unde s anding o his impo an esea ch and he ole o he A c ic in he Ea h’s dynamic his o y. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic Museum web si e (h p://academic. bowdoin.edu/a c icmuseum), o con ac Susan A. Kaplan (207/725-3289; ax 207/ 725-3499; [email p o ec ed]). No es 1. The case was designed and de eloped by Da id Maschino, exhibi coo dina o a he A c ic Museum. Fo in o ma ion on case plans and he challenges o exhibi ing ice, please con ac he au ho s. 2. The g aph was p oduced using da a om he “G eenland Summi Ice Co es CD- ROM, GISP2/GRIP,” 1997, p oduced by he In e na ional Ice Co e Da a Coope a i e and he Na ional Snow and Ice Da a Cen- e , Uni e si y o Colo ado, and he Wo ld Da a Cen e o Paleoclima ology, Na ional Geophysical Da a Cen e . 3. Hong, S., J. P. Candelone, C. C. Pa e son, and C. F. Bou on. 1994. G eenland ice e idence o hemisphe ic lead pollu ion wo millennia ago by G eek and Roman ci iliza- ions. Science 265:1841–43; Leg and, M. and R. J. Delmas. 1998. T ends eco ded in G eenland in ela ion wi h No he n Hemisphe e an h opogenic pollu ion. Global Change Newsle e 36:14–17. Gene ie e LeMoine is cu a o / egis a , and Susan A. Kaplan is di ec o o he Pea y-MacMillan A c ic Museum and A c ic S udies Cen e , Bowdoin College. 4 This a icle con inues a se ies on cu en opics in a c ic uppe a mosphe ic esea ch. S udies o noc ilucen clouds, hei connec- ion o wo majo g eenhouse gases, and he de ec able changes expec ed in he uppe a mosphe e due o hese gases, a e highly ele an o clima e-change esea ch and o a mosphe ic science in gene al. In 1885, obse e s in no he n Ge many i s epo ed he appea ance o high, hin clouds ha seemed o glow a dusk. By 1887, nume ous obse e s had epo ed nigh luminous clouds o e no he n Eu ope. Da a om he pas 30 yea s indi- ca e ha he numbe o noc ilucen cloud (NLC) occu ences has nea ly doubled, and in he pas ew yea s, NLC ha e been seen o e he cen al Uni ed S a es nea 40° N— he lowes la i udes ye eco ded. The highes clouds in he Ea h’s a mosphe e, noc ilucen clouds o m in he uppe mesosphe e a an a e age al i- ude o 82 km. A mos a ew kilome e s hick, NLC o m in bo h pola egions du ing hei espec i e summe mon hs— ypically om abou 3–5 weeks be o e summe sols ice o 7–9 weeks a e wa d. The gene al ci cula ion o he global mesosphe e is cha ac e ized by upwa d winds in he summe hemisphe e ha cycle la i udinally o downwa d winds in he win e hemisphe e. The expansion o gases caused by he upwa d winds esul s in summe empe a u es a high la i udes in he uppe mesosphe e ha a e ypically below 140 K (-133°C). NLC o m as mesosphe ic wa e apo eezes on con- densa ion nuclei in his pool o ex eme cold as i sp eads om he “summe ” pole o 50° la i ude by la e May and e ac s again by la e Augus . The na u e o he nuclei is an ac i e esea ch opic; he mos likely candida es a e me eo ic dus pa - icles and p o on hyd a e ions. The adius o a cloud pa icle is ypically less han 100 nanome e s. Pa icle size dis ibu ion and shape a e s ill unde in es iga ion. Connec ions o Global Change The wo main ac o s leading o NLC o ma ion a e an inc ease in wa e apo and/o a dec ease in he local empe a- u e. A mosphe ic me hane and ca bon Noc ilucen Clouds Connec ed o G eenhouse Gases dioxide le els di ec ly a ec NLC o ma- ion h ough hese wo ac o s. Me hane is an impo an sou ce o mesosphe ic wa e apo . While oposphe ic wa e apo is p e en ed om dispe sing in o he meso- sphe e by he cold ap o he opopause, me hane escapes. Once anspo ed in o he uppe a mosphe e, me hane can o m wa e apo by in e ac ing wi h a omic oxygen and hyd oxyl adicals. Roughly speaking, each me hane molecule leads o wo wa e molecules. The wo- old inc ease in me hane concen a ions o e he Indus ial e a may, he e o e, pa ly explain he inc ease in NLC obse a ions. The ac ha NLC we e i s epo ed in 1885—only 117 yea s ago, a ela i ely sho ime, conside ing ha he au o a has been obse ed o cen u ies—may also be connec ed o he massi e 1883 e up ion o K aka au. I is possible ha a g ea deal o he wa e apo injec ed in o he s a o- sphe e by he olcano was anspo ed o he pola uppe mesosphe e wi hin wo yea s, apidly in oducing enough new ma e ial o b ing he de eloping, bu no ye de ec able, NLC in o isibili y. Models indica e ha he expec ed doubling o ca bon dioxide in he nex 100 yea s will lead o a 10 K dec ease in meso- sphe ic empe a u e. This will inc ease he al i udinal egion suppo ing NLC o ma- ion and ex end he pool o low empe a- u es in which he clouds o m o middle la i udes. P edic ions o global change also include inc eased oposphe ic s o m ac i - i y and he associa ed buoyancy o g a i y wa es ha anspo ene gy in o he mesosphe e egion. These wa es b eak a mesosphe e al i udes, ans e ing momen- um o he wind sys em ha gene a es he cold empe a u es o he summe uppe mesosphe e. An inc ease in g a i y wa e ac i i y could u he dec ease uppe mesosphe e empe a u es. Science Suppo A ne wo k o g ound obse e s om No h Ame ica o Asia has eco ded NLC beha io on an o ganized basis o decades, p o iding in aluable in o ma ion on NLC occu ence and s uc u e (www.nlcne .co. uk). Since 1970, sa elli e-bo ne op ical ins umen a ion has allowed unobs uc ed iews o NLC, imp o ing knowledge o hei global dis ibu ion and mig a ion du ing he summe mon hs. The NSF Uppe A mosphe ic Resea ch Sec ion (www.geo.ns .go /a m/uppe .h m) and NASA ocke and sa elli e p og ams (h p://spacescience.nasa.go ) und U.S. esea ch on NLC, including no el emo e- sensing app oaches and sophis ica ed ocke payloads. G ound s a ions, such as ALOMAR in No way (www. ocke ange. no/aloma ) and Sønd es øm in G eenland (h p://is .s i.com), use ada s, lida s, and o he op ical ins umen s o s udy NLCs. Ins umen a ion on a NASA sa elli e known as TIMED, launched in 2001 (www. imed.jhuapl.edu), will p o ide new insigh s in o NLC and he mesosphe e. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see h p://lasp. colo ado.edu/noc ilucen _clouds/, o con ac Je Thaye in Menlo Pa k, CA (650/859-3557; ax 650/322-2318; [email p o ec ed]). Because noc ilucen clouds a e op ically hin, hey can be obse ed only when he sun is 6–12° below he ho izon. Unde hese condi ions, he Ea h’s shadow da kens he oposphe e, while he sun con inues o illumina e he uppe mesosphe e. In his Augus 2000 pho o aken in Valkeakoski, Finland (24° E, 61° N), he oposphe ic clouds a e da k bands on he ho izon, and he noc ilucen clouds a e he whi e clouds abo e (pho o by Tom Eklund). A c ic Uppe A mosphe e Resea ch 5 NSF News The Biocomplexi y in he En i on- men (BE) ini ia i e, which NSF began in FY 1999 (see Wi ness Sp ing/ Au umn 1999) is a mul iyea , agency-wide e o in en i onmen al science, enginee - ing, and educa ion. Biocomplexi y e e s o phenomena ha a ise om dynamic in e ac ions wi hin biological sys ems and be ween hese sys ems and he physical en i onmen . In he 2000 BE compe i ion, NSF awa ded $52.5 million o 16 ull-scale p ojec s and 57 incuba ion ac i i ies. In 2001, NSF unded 32 esea ch p ojec s and 41 explo a o y p ojec s o a o al o $55 million. Fo he 2002 BE ini ia i e, NSF expec s o ha e $37.5 million a ail- able o und 40–50 p ojec s. P oposals we e due ea lie his yea ; awa ds will be announced his au umn in i e in e disciplina y a eas: •Dynamics o Coupled Na u al and Human Sys ems (CNH), •Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles (CBC), •Ma e ials Use: Science, Enginee ing, and Socie y (MUSES), •Genome-Enabled En i onmen al Sci- ence and Enginee ing (GENEN), and •Ins umen a ion De elopmen o En i onmen al Ac i i ies (IDEA). In he keyno e add ess o he 2002 A c ic Fo um, held in May in A ling on, VA, NSF Di ec o Ri a Colwell no ed ha h ee o he 2002 BE a eas—CNH, CBC, and IDEA—ha e “di ec applica ions in he A c ic.” A c ic Topics Funded in 2000 and 2001 In 2000 and 2001, he BE ini ia i e awa ded i e yea s o unding o wo a c ic esea ch p ojec s: •in es iga ions o a c ic os -boil ecosys ems—Donald (Skip) Walke (Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks); and • he bio- eedback basis o sel - o ganiza ion in plank onic ecosys ems —Pe e Ve i y (Skidaway Ins i u e o Oceanog aphy). BE incuba ion awa ds ele an o he A c ic include: •assembling esou ces o s udies on he e ec s o oceanog aphic a iabili y on ma ine mammal popula ions and Na i e subsis ence hun ing—Ca in Biocomplexi y Awa ds Fund A c ic Resea ch Topics ships and s imula e p oposals o in es iga e he Human Dimensions o he A c ic Sys em (HARC; see Wi ness Au umn 2001 and page 11)—Hen y Hun ing on (ARCUS); and •wo kshops o plan esea ch on he impac o a c ic en i onmen al change on ecosys ems and socie y (see Wi ness Au umn 2001 and page 8)—James Mo ison (Uni e si y o Washing on). Fo mo e in o ma ion, including he comple e lis o Biocomplexi y awa ds, see www.geo.ns .go /e e/e e_be- compe i ions.h ml. Ashjian (Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u e); •mul idisciplina y in es iga ions o human-salmon-ecosys em in e ac ions in he Be ing Sea—He be Maschne (Idaho S a e Uni e si y); • e iewing ac o s known o egula e dime hyl sul ide concen a ions in seawa e wi h he goal o de eloping acomp ehensi e unde s anding o biogenic sul u dynamics and hei links o global clima e—Pa icia Ma ai (Bigelow Labo a o y o Ocean Sciences); •wo kshops o de elop esea ch pa ne - Funds A ailable o S udy A c ic F eshwa e Cycle and Land/Ocean Linkages In Feb ua y 2002, NSF announced ha $30 million is expec ed o be a ailable o e i e yea s o und 20–30 awa ds ha add ess he physical, chemical, and/o biogeochemical cha ac e o he a c ic eshwa e sys em and in e ac ions wi h he subpola oceans. The p og am solici a ion emphasizes pa icula ly he esea ch planning o h ee p og ams: •A c ic/SubA c ic Ocean Fluxes (ASOF; see Wi ness Win e 2000/2001), •Pan-A c ic Communi y-wide Hyd ological Analysis and Moni o ing P og am (A c ic-CHAMP; see page 9), and • he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH; see Wi ness Au umn 2001 and page 8). The solici a ion does no seek p oposals o he ull ASOF, CHAMP, o SEARCH p ojec s bu ins ead will ocus on he ollowing opics: •implemen a ion o in e na ionally coo dina ed obse a ion sys ems ha ake ad an age o inno a i e echnological ad ances and can se e as p o o ypes o sus ained, long- e m e o s o documen and unde s and a iabili y in key eshwa e , ice, and chemical ace luxes and/o p ocesses wi hin he a c ic land, a mosphe e, and uppe -ocean sys ems and he eleconnec ion o he suba c ic oceans; •syn hesis and in eg a ion o a ailable da a and modeling s udies o e eal p ocesses, linkages, and causes o a iabili y in he a c ic e es ial, a mosphe e, and uppe -ocean hyd ologic cycle; and •documen a ion and assessmen on he decade- o-cen u y imescale o he a iabili y o he a c ic hyd ologic eshwa e cycle and associa ed changes in oceanic wa e -mass p ope ies in he A c ic Ocean. The p oposed esea ch mus con ibu e o: •a pan-a c ic unde s anding o he eshwa e land/ocean sys em and i s in luence on egional o global-scale p ocesses, and • he goals o SEARCH. P oposals we e due in ea ly June 2002. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Neil Swanbe g (703/292-8029; ax 703/292-9082; [email p o ec ed]) o Robin Muench (703/292-7436; ax 703/292-9082; [email p o ec ed]) in A ling on, VA, o see www.ns .go /pubs/2002/ns 02071/ns 02071.h ml o he comple e solici a ion. 6 ARCSS P og am The A c ic Sys em Science (ARCSS) P og am held i s second All-Hands Wo kshop in Sea le, Washing on 20–23 Feb ua y 2002. Mo e han 300 membe s o he a c ic esea ch communi y came oge he o sha e in o ma ion and help plan he u u e o he ARCSS P og am. In he weeks be o e he wo kshop, in es iga o s conside ed speci ic esea ch opics and ini ia i es in se e al online dis- cussions. This i ual discussion p ocess allowed pa icipan s o e lec on ARCSS p io i ies be o e he wo kshop i sel . The opening plena y p esen a ions emphasized he p ima y goal o he All- Hands Wo kshop—a icula ing u u e di ec ions o he ARCSS P og am. Jack K use, ou going ARCSS Commi ee (AC) chai , ou lined he p og am’s s uc u e and objec i es o u u e esea ch. Mike Ledbe e , ARCSS P og am di ec o , s essed he in eg a i e, coo dina ed, and hema ic app oach o a c ic sys em science ha cha ac e izes ARCSS. On behal o he AC, Amanda Lynch in oduced a p ocess o mo ing om cu en ARCSS knowledge o u u e ARCSS esea ch, s essing majo disco e ies, key unce ain ies and eadiness o educing hose unce ain ies, and p io i ies o in eg a i e esea ch. The same guidelines s uc u ed e iews o each exis ing ARCSS componen : •Paleoen i onmen al A c ic Sciences (PARCS; see page 11), •Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (OAII; see page 9), •Land-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (LAII; see page 9), •Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on Shel - Land En i onmen s in he A c ic (RAISE; see page 10), and •Human Dimensions o he A c ic Sys em (HARC; see page 11); and o eme ging a c ic esea ch ini ia i es: •Pan-A c ic Communi y-wide Hyd ologi- cal Analysis and Moni o ing P og am (A c ic-CHAMP; see page 9), and •S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH; see page 8). A mode a ed panel e alua ed p og ess on he b oad hema ic ques ions ou lined in he 1998 ARCSS science plan (see Wi - ness Sp ing 1998). Fou wo king g oups discussed u u e di ec ions o he eme ging ARCSS P og am: •Modes o Va iabili y in he A c ic Sys em (see page 8), •The Hyd ologic Cycle and i s Role in A c ic and Global En i onmen al Change (A c ic-CHAMP; see page 9), •Land-Shel In e ac ions (LSI) ini ia i e (see page 10), and •Pan-A c ic Cycles, T ansi ions, and Sus ainabili y: Changes in Biophysical, Biogeochemical, and Social Sys ems (PACTS; see page 10). In addi ion, an ad hoc wo king g oup o s uden s discussed young in es iga o s’ pe spec i es on he p og am (see page 8). Each wo king g oup iden i ied nume ous oppo uni ies o in eg a ion and collabo a ion (see ollowing pages o summa ies o he wo king g oup discus- sions). Plena y discussions e ealed a b oad consensus o con inue he delibe - a ely in eg a ed app oach o ARCSS esea ch and o coo dina e u u e e o s a ound science-d i en hema ic ques ions and esea ch ini ia i es, a he han disciplina y componen s. In he inal session, Jack K use in oduced Jona han O e peck o he Uni e si y o A izona as he incoming AC chai . Fo mo e in o ma ion on he ARCSS All-Hands Wo kshop and online discus- sions, see he ARCUS web si e (www. a cus.o g/ARCSS/allhands2002), o con- ac Ac ing ARCSS P og am Di ec o Neil Swanbe g o Associa e P og am Di ec o Luis Tupas in A ling on, VA (703/292- 8030; ax 703/292-9082; nswanbe @ ns .go ; [email p o ec ed]), o AC Chai Jona han O e peck in Tucson, AZ (520/622-9065; ax 520/792-8795; [email p o ec ed]). ARCSS All-Hands Wo kshop Shapes Fu u e Di ec ions A he 2002 ARCSS All-Hands Wo kshop, mo e han 45 unde g adua e and g adua e s uden s o med a young in es iga o s’ wo king g oup o iden i y common conce ns and sha e in o ma ion (pho o by Ben Wade). Ledbe e Passes he To ch In May 2002, ARCSS P og am Di ec o Mike Ledbe e announced ha he will lea e NSF in mid-2002 o join he Uni e si y o A kansas a Li le Rock as dean o he College o Science and Ma hema ics. Ledbe e began wo king wi h he ARCSS esea ch communi y as he associa e p og am di ec o in 1994 and has been he di ec o o he ARCSS P og am since 1995. Neil Swanbe g, who has been a p og am manage in he NSF A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am since 2000, becomes ac ing p og am di ec o o ARCSS beginning 17 June 2002. A biological oceanog aphe by aining, Swanbe g se ed as depu y execu i e di ec o o he In e na ional Geosphe e-Biosphe e P og am om 1992–2000 be o e joining he OPP s a (see Wi ness Sp ing 2000). Luis Tupas joined OPP as ARCSS associa e p og am di ec o in No embe 2001 on an In e go e nmen al Pe sonnel Ac (IPA) o a ion. Tupas is on lea e om he Depa men o Oceanog aphy a he Uni e si y o Hawaii. In announcing his depa u e om NSF, Ledbe e p aised he ARCSS commu- ni y, saying, “The esea che s, s ee ing commi ees, da a manage s, and logis ics p o ide s ha e all wo ked in conce o p oduce a uly in e disciplina y esea ch p og am ha has con inually inc eased i s p o ile in a c ic esea ch.” Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ARCSS P og am web si e (www.ns .go /od/opp/ a c ic/sys em.h m). Fo mo e in o ma ion on he NSF IPA p og am, see www.ns .go /oi m/h m/jobs/ o a o s/s a .h m. 7 ARCSS P og am Following he All-Hands Wo kshop, he ARCSS Commi ee (AC) me wi h ARCSS science managemen o ice di ec- o s and science s ee ing commi ee chai s o u he de elop he wo kshop’s ecom- menda ions in he con ex o he u u e ARCSS P og am. The g oup e ised and e ined he i e b oad hema ic ques ions om he 1998 ARCSS science plan (see p e ious page), based on he accomplish- men s and new p io i ies iden i ied du ing he wo kshop. This summa y in oduces: • he new ARCSS hema ic ques ions, •a en a i e plan o he e ised o ganiza- ion o he ARCSS P og am, and • he cu en ly ac i e o planned ARCSS esea ch ini ia i es. Thema ic Ques ions The AC ecommended ha ARCSS P og am esea ch be o ganized acco ding o h ee hema ic ques ions, which ha e de eloped om: • he ques ions p esen ed in he 1998 ARCSS science plan, •ongoing esea ch and new indings, and •planning discussions wi hin he esea ch communi y. The e ised ques ions emphasize h ee in e ela ed concep s undamen al o an imp o ed unde s anding o he a c ic sys em as a whole: •sus ainabili y, •p edic abili y, and • eedbacks. An impo an assump ion unde lying hese ques ions is ha many changes in he global clima e sys em a ec he a c ic sys em. Changes in he A c ic may, in u n, eed back on he globe. Sus ainabili y How do human ac i i ies in e ac wi h changes in he A c ic o a ec he sus ainabili y o ecosys ems and socie ies? Since human ac i i ies in he A c ic depend closely upon he en i onmen , a c ic esiden s and esou ce de elope s a e suscep ible o a c ic change and capable o con ibu ing signi ican ly o i . Fo example, bo h human de elopmen and a wa ming clima e can haw pe ma os , wi h implica ions o a c ic enginee ing and de elopmen and o global biogeochemis y and hyd ology. Resea ch add essing his ques ion includes: • he eme ging Land-Shel In e ac ions (LSI; see page 10) and Pan-A c ic Cycles, T ansi ions, and Sus ainabili y (PACTS; see page 10) ini ia i es, • he Human Dimensions o he A c ic Sys em (HARC; see page 11), and • esea ch ele an o ARCSS suppo ed by he NSF-wide Biocomplexi y in he En i onmen p og am (see page 5). P edic abili y Wha a e he limi s o a c ic sys em p edic abili y? Recen da a indica e changes o he a c ic clima e o e he pas hal - cen u y ha a e wi hou p eceden o e a leas he p e ious h ee cen u ies. Al hough hese changes ha e impo an epe cussions o science and socie y, hei causes, ex en , and p obable ou comes emain unclea and di icul o p edic . Fo example, obse a ional da a sugges ha wa me A lan ic wa e s a e pene a - ing a he in o he A c ic Ocean, a ec ing global wea he and clima e. Can we de elop enough o a p edic i e unde - s anding o his and many o he phenom- ena o be able o o mula e policy esponses o hese changes? Resea ch ela ed o his ques ion includes: •aspec s o long- e m obse a ional p og ams, such as Paleoen i onmen al A c ic Sciences (PARCS; see page 11) and he In e na ional Tund a Expe imen (ITEX; see Wi ness Win e 2000/2001); •planned p og ams such as he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH; see page 8); • he modeling componen s o e e y aspec o ARCSS esea ch; and •a possible ini ia i e conce ning modes o a iabili y in he a c ic sys em (see page 8). Feedbacks How will changes in a c ic cycles and eedbacks a ec a c ic and global sys ems? The a c ic sys em is linked o he global sys em h ough complex, dynamic physical and biogeochemical mechanisms, which will espond o changes in he a c ic sys- em and eed back o he global sys em. Fo example, global clima e models sugges ha CO2-induced wa ming is ampli ied by declining sea ice in he A c ic, bu models e u n widely a iable esul s on he deg ee o he ampli ica ion. This ques ion, pa icula ly conce ning eedbacks wi hin he a c ic sys em, has been he ocus o much o he esea ch unded by ARCSS o da e, including: • he Wes e n A c ic Shel -Basin In e ac ions P ojec (SBI; see page 18), • he Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on Shel -Land En i onmen s in he A c ic (RAISE; see page 10), •A c ic T ansi ions in he Land- A mosphe e Sys em (ATLAS; see Wi ness Au umn 2001), and •Su ace Hea Budge o he A c ic Ocean (SHEBA; see Wi ness Au umn 2001). The new Communi y-wide Hyd ological Analysis and Moni o ing P og am (A c ic- CHAMP; see page 9) ini ia i e also add esses his ques ion. P og am O ganiza ion As he ARCSS P og am con inues o de elop i s in eg a i e s uc u e, each o he cu en and eme ging ARCSS esea ch ini ia i es will con ibu e p ima ily o one o he h ee hema ic ques ions desc ibed abo e. The hema ically d i en ARCSS P og am, howe e , will no be a es ic i e s uc u e; a p ojec o ini ia i e may well add ess mul iple esea ch ques ions. While science s ee ing commi ees and science managemen o ices will con inue o guide ocused esea ch e o s, exis ing componen science s ee ing commi ees may be eplaced g adually by mo e in e- g a i e heme-based o e sigh commi ees. The ARCSS Commi ee, which will o a e and expand i s membe ship, will con inue o ep esen he communi y o ARCSS esea che s and p o ide o e sigh and di ec ion o he p og am. De eloping Resea ch Ini ia i es The ini ia i es discussed by he wo k- ing g oups a he All-Hands Wo kshop ep esen cu en o po en ial esea ch e o s ha will de elop u he o e he nex ew yea s (see p e ious page and ollowing pages o mo e de ails). Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he sou ces lis ed on page 6. ARCSS Focuses on Sus ainabili y, P edic abili y, Feedbacks 8 ARCSS P og am Dis inguishing na u al a iabili y om an h opogenic change in he a c ic clima e sys em is challenging because o limi a ions in: •obse a ional da a se ies, • empo al esolu ion and spa ial ex en o many paleoen i onmen al da ase s, and • heo e ical and mechanis ic unde s and- ing o he s uc u e and e olu ion o in e annual and decadal a iabili y. The issue is u he complica ed by he inc easing e idence ha he a c ic sys em, like any sys em, mani es s p e e ed s a es ha a e bo h pe sis en and ecu en , e e ed o as modes o a iabili y. The sea ch o and analysis o such s a es is undamen al o unde s anding bo h na u- al a iabili y and esponses o o cing. A he 2002 All-Hands Wo kshop, he Modes o Va iabili y wo king g oup dis- cussed he ele ance o his impo an new esea ch a ea o he a c ic sys em and iden- i ied some key unce ain ies, including: Wo king G oup Discusses A c ic Sys em Va iabili y •Wha is known abou h esholds, ab up changes, high a es o change, and ex eme e en s? •How do we de ine he ex eme s a es o he a c ic sys em? •How do we p oduce use ul scena ios o u u e change? •Wha a e he in e ac ions be ween global and a c ic modes o a iabili y? How migh a c ic en i onmen al changes a ec en i onmen s and socie ies a lowe la i udes? Add essing hese unce ain ies will equi e imp o ed concep ual models o a iabili y as well as enhanced obse a- ional ime se ies and paleoen i onmen al da a. The wo king g oup also iden i ied speci ic oppo uni ies o collabo a ion wi h o he esea ch e o s, including: •NSF p og ams such as Long-Te m Ecological Resea ch (see page 15) and Long-Te m Obse a o ies (see Wi ness Sp ing 2000), as well as p og ams in o he NSF Di ec o a es; and •In e na ional p og ams such as A c ic/ Suba c ic Ocean Fluxes (see page 5) and Clima e Va iabili y and P edic abili y (see Wi ness Win e 2000/2001). Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ARCUS web si e (www.a cus.o g/ARCSS/ allhands2002/modes_discussion.h ml). Modes o Va iabili y and SEARCH The in e agency S udy o En i onmen- al A c ic Change (SEARCH; see Wi ness Au umn 2001) is a majo eme ging esea ch ini ia i e, which, like he ARCSS P og am, seeks o unde s and en i on- men al change in he A c ic. Because bounda ies be ween ARCSS and SEARCH a e some imes di icul o de ine, discussions in he ARCSS Modes o Va iabili y wo king g oup encompassed se e al issues ela ed o SEARCH. Topics ela ed o he de eloping SEARCH implemen a ion plan included: •es ablishing he dominan modes o a iabili y o he A c ic Ocean and a c- ic ma ine and e es ial ecosys ems; •unde s anding he in e ac ions o hese modes; and •de eloping a modeling and obse a ion sys em ha will allow p edic i e unde s anding o hese modes. SEARCH Wo kshop Repo A ailable In No embe 2001, 68 in es iga o s me in Sea le o he SEARCH Wo kshop on La ge-Scale A mosphe e/C yosphe e Obse a ions. Pa icipan s e iewed exis - ing land, sea ice, and a mosphe ic obse a- ions o de e mine how cu en obse a- ion sys ems can bes be used and enhanced o unde s and and an icipa e he cou se o he ongoing changes in he A c ic. The wo kshop epo is a ailable on he NOAA A c ic Theme web si e (www.a c ic.noaa.go ). Fo mo e in o ma- ion, con ac Jim O e land in Sea le, WA (206/526-6795; ax 206/526-6485; [email p o ec ed]). Fo mo e in o ma ion abou SEARCH, see he SEARCH web si e (h p://psc.apl.washing on.edu/sea ch), o con ac Jamie Mo ison in Sea le, WA (206/543-1394; ax 206/616-3142; [email p o ec ed]). Young In es iga o s Sha e Pe spec i es App oxima ely 80 s uden s pa icipa ed in he ARCSS All-Hands Wo kshop. An ad hoc s uden wo king g oup o med on he las day o he wo kshop and de eloped ecommenda ions in he ollowing ca ego ies. They p esen ed hei ideas o he ARCSS communi y in plena y session. In e disciplina y Science •Ne wo king is especially impo an in he ARCSS P og am, whe e la ge in e disciplina y p ojec s a e he no m. •Specialis s a e i al o in e disciplina y p ojec s; hey should no be dis ega ded in he ques o g ea e in eg a ion. •S uden s mus be ained o wo k e ec i ely wi h colleagues in o he ields. Collabo a ion •Compe i ion o limi ed unds canno o e ide impo an science ques ions. •Because o he eno mous size o he A c ic, da a is spa se. In e na ional collabo a ions could help ill some o hese gaps. •Indus ies wi h expe ience wo king in he A c ic may ha e use ul in o ma ion o a c ic logis ics planning. Human Impac s in he A c ic •A c ic esiden s mus ha e a oice in a c ic science as s akeholde s and as bea e s o accumula ed knowledge o he A c ic. •Impo an issues ela ed o human impac s on he A c ic ha a e complex o poli ically cha ged (e.g., con aminan s, bioaccumula ion) a e ele an o unde s anding he a c ic sys em and should be explo ed by ARCSS esea che s. Spa ial and Tempo al Scale in ARCSS O ganiza ion •S uc u e he ARCSS P og am in such a way ha he global, egional, and local scales a e all accoun ed o , since he scaling issue has he po en ial o con ound many pan-a c ic s udies. 9 ARCSS P og am Following a 1998 ecommenda ion o he ARCSS Commi ee, he ARCSS P og am sponso ed a communi y wo k- shop on pan-a c ic hyd ologic s udies in Sep embe 2000 a he Na ional Cen e o Ecological Analysis and Syn hesis in San a Ba ba a, Cali o nia. Mo e han 30 in es iga o s ga he ed a he wo kshop o: •assess he s a e o he a in a c ic sys ems hyd ology, and •iden i y esea ch p io i ies o achie ing p edic i e unde s anding o he ole o he a c ic wa e cycle in global change. A majo p oduc o he wo kshop is The Hyd ological Cycle and i s Role in A c ic and Global En i onmen al Change, published by ARCUS in 2001. This epo : •de ines majo esea ch and syn hesis challenges in a c ic sys ems hyd ology, •p o ides ecommenda ions o in es - men s in a c ic sys ems hyd ology, and •ou lines he de elopmen o a new pan- A c ic Communi y-wide Hyd ological Analysis and Moni o ing P og am (A c ic-CHAMP). The A c ic-CHAMP p og am aims o ca alyze and coo dina e in e disciplina y esea ch and o cons uc a holis ic unde - s anding o a c ic hyd ology, h ough: •in eg a ion o ou ine obse a ions, •p ocess-based ield s udies, and •in eg a i e modeling. Fou majo goals guide he A c ic- CHAMP e o : • o assess and be e unde s and he s ocks and luxes ha cons i u e he a c ic hyd ologic cycle; •by documen ing changes o he a c ic wa e cycle, o con ibu e a hyd ological componen o he mul iagency S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH; see page 8); • o unde s and he causes o changes in he a c ic wa e cycle and assess hei di ec impac s on biological and biogeochemical sys ems; and • o de elop p edic i e simula ions o global and human social esponses o eedbacks a ising om p og essi e changes o a c ic hyd ological sys ems. All-Hands Wo kshop Discussions Du ing he wo king g oup discussions a he ARCSS All-Hands Wo kshop, Hyd ological Analysis and Moni o ing Wo k Ad ances pa icipan s epea edly a icula ed: • he u gen need o main ain long- e m hyd ological da a se ies, and • he impo ance o biogeochemical cycling and hyd ological p ocess s udies in he A c ic-CHAMP e o . Key unce ain ies iden i ied du ing he discussions included: •Wha is he ole o lakes in a c ic wa e , ene gy, and biogeochemical cycles? •Wha a e he mechanisms o cloud o ma ion and dissipa ion, and wha ole do a c ic clouds play in he sys em? •Wha a e he con ols on he iming, magni ude, and quali y o i e inpu s in o he A c ic Ocean, and wha is he a e o his inpu ? •Wha a e he impac s o changes in he hyd ological cycle on humans? Add essing hese unce ain ies will equi e imp o emen s in he leng h and quali y o da a eco ds. Aspec s o he sys em ha in luence hese unce ain ies, such as pe ma os dynamics, ae osols, snow, and ege a ion, also will need s udy. Fu he , changes in hese cycles will a ec no jus humans bu also ege a ion, mic obial p ocesses, and mac o auna. The A c ic-CHAMP Science S ee ing Commi ee (SSC) is de eloping a de ailed in e disciplina y implemen a ion plan, and some unding has been made a ailable o suppo esea ch e o s con ibu ing o he objec i es o A c ic-CHAMP (see page 5). An online wo kshop in Ap il 2002 ocused on de eloping a human dimen- sions componen o he A c ic-CHAMP e o (see page 11 and 28). Fo mo e in o ma ion, see www.a cus. o g/ARCSS/hyd o/index.h ml, o con ac A c ic-CHAMP co-chai s La y Hinzman in Fai banks, AK (907/474-7331; ax 907/ 474-7979; [email p o ec ed]) o Cha les Vö ösma y in Du ham, NH (603/862- 0850; ax 603/862-0587; [email p o ec ed]). ARCSS Componen s Sha e Resul s and Plans In No embe 2001, mo e han 200 esea che s unded by he ARCSS Land- A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (LAII) and Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (OAII) componen s ga he ed o hei espec i e All-Hands mee ings in Sal Lake Ci y, U ah (see Wi ness Au umn 2001), as well as o join sessions ha included ep esen- a i es o Paleoen i onmen al A c ic Sciences (PARCS; see page 11) and he Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on Shel -Land En i onmen s in he A c ic (RAISE; see page 10). The g oup endo sed a de eloping ini ia i e o add ess c ucial en i on- men al esea ch p oblems ela ed o he a c ic land-sea bounda y (see page 10). LAII Upda e The eco d o he No embe LAII mee ing is a ailable on he LAII web si e. Ma hew S u m o he Cold Regions Resea ch and Enginee ing Lab eplaces Te y Chapin as he chai o he LAII Science S ee ing Commi ee (SSC); he SSC is d a ing a majo new science plan based on discussions a he No embe 2001 and Feb ua y 2002 All-Hands mee ings (see page 10). The LAII Science Managemen O ice will emain a he Uni e si y o Alaska Cen e o Global Change. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he LAII web si e (www.laii.ua .edu), o con ac Pa icia Ande son in Fai banks, AK (907/474-5415; ax 907/474-6722; [email p o ec ed]). OAII Upda e Don Pe o ich o he Cold Regions Resea ch and Enginee ing Lab eplaces Lou Codispo i as he chai o he OAII Science S ee ing Commi ee. The OAII Sci- ence Managemen O ice will emain a he Uni e si y o Ma yland Cen e o En- i onmen al Science. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he OAII web si e (h p://a css- oaii.hpl.umces.edu), o con ac Jane Hawkey in Camb idge, MD (410/221-8416; ax 410/221-8490; [email p o ec ed]). 16 A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am S alba d’s Geology Holds Clues o Ancien Clima es The geological eco d indica es ha he la e hal o he Neop o e ozoic pe iod (app oxima ely 750–543 million yea s ago) was a umul uous ime. Gla- cie s shed deb is on e e y con inen , e en on as opical shel es whe e wa m-wa e ca bona es had been mo e common. Se e al ea u es associa ed wi h he Neop o e ozoic glacial deposi s a e no able: •In places, he glacial deb is is in e - bedded wi h i on o ma ion, which o ms only a e oceans ha e been de icien in oxygen. I on o ma ion is absen om he geological eco d du ing he p eceding billion yea s. •Wo ldwide, he glacial deposi s a e sha ply o e lain by wa m-wa e ca bona es, signaling a apid end o he glacia ions. •The nega i e ca bon iso ope anomalies (low 12C/13C a ios) in he ca bona es indica e a majo dec ease in he global bu ial o o ganic ma e . The many unusual cha ac e is ics o he Neop o e ozoic geological eco d ha e led se e al in es iga o s o ad ance he con o e sial “Snowball Ea h” hypo hesis, which pos ula es ha he Neop o e ozoic glacia ions we e so se e e ha he en i e ocean oze o e . Such a global deep eeze would occu i he ice line eached abou 30° la i ude, a which poin he ice-albedo eedback would c oss he c i ical h eshold o “ unaway” glacia ion. The “snowball” would ha e pe sis ed o up o ens o mil- lions o yea s, un il ca bon dioxide (CO2) om olcanic sou ces buil up su icien ly o wa m he lowe a mosphe e o he mel ing poin o ice. A ha poin , he ice-albedo eedback would ha e e e sed, ans o ming he Ea h in o a ansien ul a-g eenhouse un il con inen al wea h- e ing could scou much o he CO2 om he a mosphe e. These apocalyp ic clima e swings may ha e occu ed as many as ou imes du ing he Neop o e ozoic, wi h he inal episode jus p eceding he i s appea ance o animals in he ossil eco d. The NSF A c ic Na u al Sciences P o- g am has unded Paul Ho man (Ha a d Uni e si y), a majo p oponen o he Snowball Ea h hypo hesis, o in es iga e he s a ig aphy and geochemis y o he uppe Hecla Hoek succession in no h- eas e n S alba d. The uppe pa o he Hecla Hoek, known as he Pola isb een G oup, con ains wo dis inc glacial ho izons. P elimina y esul s om hese glacial o ma ions sugges e y di e en condi ions p eceding each glacia ion. The olde glacia- ion is p esaged by a nega i e ca bon iso ope anomaly ha is a iably unca ed benea h an e osional discon o mi y. The younge glacia ion, on he o he hand, is p eceded by a posi i e anomaly and appea s ab up ly in he s a ig aphic eco d, wi hou e idence o e osion. Below he Pola isb een G oup lies he Akadmike b een G oup, 2000 m o nea ly con inuous ma ine ca bona es de oid o glacial deposi s. Radiome ic da es con- s ain hei app oxima e age o less han 950 million yea s old, so hey may ha e been deposi ed en i ely du ing nonglacial imes. Ea lie wo k on hese ocks, howe e , e ealed la ge swings in ca bon iso ope a ios, which may indica e he changes in biological p oduc i i y associa ed wi h ice ages. Ho man and g adua e s uden Galen Hal e son easoned ha , i hese ocks spanned a snowball e en , an e osional discon o mi y o e lain by a dis inc i e cap ca bona e sequence would be e iden . I he cap ca bona e also p ese ed a nega i e ca bon iso ope anomaly, hey would ha e a leas ci cums an ial e idence o glacia- ion. In 1999, Hal e son and ellow g adu- a e s uden Adam Maloo ound a possible cap ca bona e in he G usdie b een Fo ma- ion, he lowe mos uni in he Akademi- ke b een G oup. The base o his 30 m hick sequence consis s o g een, hen ed, shales o e lying a conspicuous e osional su ace. The sequence s ands ou agains a backg ound s a ig aphy o con inuous shallow-wa e ca bona es. Geochemical analyses e ealed a la ge nega i e ca bon iso ope anomaly a he exposu e su ace, con i ming a majo pe u ba ion o he global ca bon cycle. Hal e son and Maloo iden i ied his sequence o ocks and documen ed he ca bon iso ope anomaly in wo o he loca- ions. Paleomagne ic analyses show ha : • hese ocks we e deposi ed in low la i udes, and • he exposu e su ace ep esen s along hia us in sedimen a ion. Wi hou associa ed glacial deposi s o adiome ic da es o link his sequence o o he cap ca bona es, i s ela ion o glacia- ion emains specula i e. Ho man’s g oup is pu suing u he analy ical wo k o econs uc o he changes in ocean chemis y ac oss his bounda y, es ing he hypo hesis ha hey ha e unco e ed ac yp ic glacia ion. Se e al hund ed me e s abo e he G usdie b een cap ca bona e is ano he majo sequence bounda y o e lain by o ganic- ich shales, which pass upwa d in o mid-shel limes ones. In con as o he G usdie b een su ace, his one co e- sponds o a posi i e ca bon iso ope anomaly, indica ing en i onmen al condi ions ha p omo ed high biological p oduc i i y. By iden i ying di e ences be ween suc- cessi e glacia ions, Ho man’s g oup hopes o be able o make co ela ions wi h o he glacial deposi s wo ldwide and o unco e clues o wha ac ually igge ed he glacia- ions. Ul ima ely, hey also hope o unde - s and wha paleogeog aphical and bio- geochemical condi ions we e esponsible o his p olonged pe iod o clima ic ins abili y a he close o he P ecamb ian. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Paul Ho man in Camb idge, MA (617/495- 3636; ax 617/496-0434; ho man@ eps.ha a d.edu), o see www.sciam.com/ 2000/0100issue/0100ho man.h ml. The d ama ic ca bon iso ope anomalies ound in he Akademike b een G oup o he Hecla Hoek succession p esen an enigma: wha en i on- men al condi ions d o e he appa en ly ab up oscilla ions be ween ex emely high and ex emely low a es o o ganic ma e bu ial in he Neop o e ozoic oceans? (pho o © Galen Hal e son). 17 150˚W 120˚W 90 o W 120 o E 150˚E 180˚W 70˚N 75˚N 80˚N 85˚N Mendelee Ridge Chukchi Bo de land A lan ic Paci ic in o basin? Hyd og aphic Moo ing Pola S a 2002 lines sec ion A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am The mos impo an subsu ace A c ic Ocean anspo sys em is an an i- clockwise bounda y cu en unning along he con inen al slopes and majo ansa c ic idges. This cu en dis ibu es wa e s, con aminan s, and ace s om he A lan ic ( ia F am S ai and he Ba en s Sea) and he Paci ic ( ia Be ing S ai ) a ound and in o he deep a c ic basins. On i s ci cuma c ic pa hway, pa s o he opog aphically s ee ed cu en a e di e ed away om he con inen al ma gin, gene ally along oceanic idges. The mos complex obs acle encoun- e ed by he bounda y cu en is he Mendelee Ridge/Chukchi Bo de land complex, no h o he Paci ic en ance o he A c ic. This egion is he c oss oads o Paci ic wa e s om he sou h and A lan ic wa e s ca ied om he wes wi h he bounda y cu en (see igu e). The a ea’s o uous ba hyme y o e s many ou es o a opog aphically s ee ed cu en . The spa se exis ing da a on he cu en show: •high spa ial a iabili y, e lec ing he ba hyme ic complexi y o he egion; •signi ican in e annual a iabili y, con- sis en wi h he changes obse ed in he pas decade h oughou he A c ic; and •possible e idence ha he egion may di e signi ican amoun s o wa e in o he deep basins. The Chukchi/Mendelee egion is impo an o shel -basin exchange, deep basin en ila ion, and ci cum- and A lan ic Mee s Paci ic a an A c ic C oss oads ansa c ic ci cula ion (wi h he associa ed implica ions o eedbacks o he wo ld ocean). Because o a lack o su icien ly concen a ed obse a ions, howe e , he pa hways and exchanges in his a ea emain unclea , bo h quali a i ely and quan i a i ely. Unde a h ee-yea g an om he NSF A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am, a eam o U.S. and Canadian scien is s will in es iga e he physical and chemical oceanog aphy o his egion. The p ojec ’s objec i es a e o: •delinea e he pa hways o he bounda y cu en ca ying he A lan ic wa e pas he Mendelee Ridge and h ough he Chukchi Bo de land; •asce ain he inpu om he bounda y cu en and he shel es o he deep A c ic Ocean in he icini y o he Mendelee Ridge and he Chukchi Bo de land; •unde s and and quan i y he pa hways and ans o ma ions o he Paci ic wa e s h ough his egion; •desc ibe he ho izon al and e ical s uc u e o he bounda y cu en and es ima e i s anspo ; and •quan i y ecen empo al changes in his egion by combining he spa ially spa se da a ex ending h ough mos o he pas decade wi h new de ailed synop ic measu emen s. In la e summe 2002, he USCG ice- b eake Pola S a will moun a six-week expedi ion in o he ice-co e ed Chukchi Bo de land and Mendelee Ridge egion (see igu e). A high-spa ial- esolu ion hyd og aphic and ace su ey will be complemen ed by sho - e m moo ed cu en and CTD measu emen s. Tempe a u e, salini y, dissol ed oxygen, nu ien s, chlo o luo oca bons, ba ium, and 18O will be measu ed on 12 sec ions ha c oss bo h he bounda y low and he Paci ic inpu s o he egion be o e and a e opog aphic junc ions and hypo hesized egions o low di e sion. This ace sui e will: •iden i y he pa hways o he bounda y cu en and he Paci ic-o igin wa e s; •quan i y he di e en A lan ic and Paci ic in luences; and •es ima e eshwa e inpu om ice mel and di e en i e s. In addi ion, h ee moo ings, deployed ac oss he bounda y cu en o he du a- ion o he c uise, will allow quan i ica ion o he p ope ies and a iabili y o he bounda y cu en . The en i e da ase will be analyzed collec i ely and in andem wi h hyd og aphic, ace , and moo ed ime-se ies da a om he pas decade. Since he ansi ime o signals h ough his egion is wo o ou yea s, he olde da a p o ide a empo al backg ound o he high-spa ial- esolu ion da a, while he newe da a will supply an essen ial spa ial amewo k o in e p e ing he a iabili y o he olde su eys. These s udies will: • ill a hia us in hyd og aphic su eys in he Canadian Basin a a ime when he mos d ama ic changes e e obse ed in he A c ic a e p opaga ing h ough he Chukchi Bo de land egion; •p o ide impo an backg ound and mechanis ic in o ma ion o he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH; see page 8), A c ic-Suba c ic Ocean Fluxes (ASOF; see Wi ness Win e 2000/2001), and Wes e n A c ic Shel -Basin In e ac ions (SBI; see page 18) p og ams; and •con ibu e o alida ing and imp o ing high- esolu ion compu e and concep- ual models o he A c ic. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Rebecca Woodga e in Sea le, WA (206/221-3268; ax 206/616-3142; woodga e@apl. washing on.edu), o see h p://psc.apl. washing on.edu/HLD/CBL/CBL.h ml. A schema ic ep esen a ion o he hypo hesized ci cula ion in he Chukchi Bo de land/Mendelee Ridge complex, showing he p oposed c uise ack and moo ing posi ions ( igu e cou esy o Rebecca Woodga e). 18 A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics Healy Suppo s Tes s o Au onomous Unde wa e Vehicle The new U.S. Coas Gua d (USCG) Cu e Healy success ully comple ed a challenging i s yea o unded science in he eas e n A c ic. On he i s c uise (July–Oc obe 2001), Healy wo ked wi h he Ge man iceb eake Pola s e n o com- ple e a se ies o s a ions in he icini y o he ul a-slow-sp eading Gakkel Ridge (see Wi ness Au umn 2001) in suppo o he A c ic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedi ion (AMORE; see www.ea hscape.o g/ ames/news2 ame.h ml). A join U.S.-Ge man e o , he AMORE p ojec mapped and sampled he deepes and mos emo e pa o he global mid-ocean idge sys em. The AMORE p ojec , he U.S. po ion o which was unded by NSF, ecei ed ex ensi e p ess co e age o a se ies o s iking esul s, including: •disco e y o 12 new olcanoes, •abundan e idence o hyd o he mal en ac i i y, •unexpec edly success ul d edging ope a ions in a c ic condi ions, and •de elopmen o a e y de ailed map o he idge using da a collec ed by Healy’s mul ibeam sona sys em. In addi ion, Healy and Pola s e n isi ed he No h Pole and endez oused wi h he Swedish iceb eake Oden o ans e su plus uel and exchange scien i ic in o - ma ion. The h ee essels ook ad an age o hei mee ing o sha e an ice picnic and in e na ional socce ou ney. Mo e han 250 esea che s and c ew om 17 na ions ook pa in he es i i ies a 85° N, 15° E. Healy’s second c uise (Oc obe – No embe 2001) es ed a new au onomous unde wa e ehicle (AUV) de eloped a he Mon e ey Bay Aqua ium Resea ch Ins i u e (MBARI) o he A lan ic Laye T acking Expe imen (ALTEX): • o help de e mine wha happens o A lan ic wa e as i en e s he A c ic Ocean, and • o demons a e a sa e and economical pla o m capable o basin-scale su eys. A eache suppo ed by he NSF Teache s Expe iencing An a c ica and he A c ic (TEA) P og am (see Wi ness Win e 2000/2001) accompanied he AMORE c uise. Michele Adams, a se en h-g ade science eache om Bunke Hill, Wes Vi ginia, pos ed an online jou nal o he expe iences, which included packing mud om he No h Pole in o ials (see h p:// ea. ice.edu/ ea_adams on page.h ml; pho o cou esy o TEA). 2002 C uises In he summe o 2002, Healy will suppo wo main science p ojec s in he wes e n A c ic Ocean: • he i s yea o ieldwo k o he Shel - Basin In e ac ions p ojec (see h p:// u k-biogw.bio.u k.edu/sbi.ns , and Wi - ness Au umn 2001); and •co ing su eys in he Be ing and Chukchi seas o de elop high- esolu ion eco ds o he his o y o sea le els and condi ions in he egion since he Las Glacial Maximum; his esea ch is led by Lloyd Keigwin (Woods Hole Ocean- og aphic Ins i u ion), Julie B igham- G e e (Uni e si y o Massachuse s, Amhe s ), and Neal D iscoll (Sc ipps Ins i u e o Oceanog aphy, Uni e si y o Cali o nia, San Diego). The USCG Cu e Pola S a also will suppo a se ies o SBI c uises and a physical oceanog aphy c uise in he wes e n A c ic. AICC Pos -C uise Assessmen s The A c ic Iceb eake Coo dina ing Commi ee (AICC; see Wi ness Au umn 2001) con inues i s commi men o science acili a ion o he h ee USCG iceb eake s. The AICC has de eloped an assessmen p ocedu e o ecen ly comple ed science missions ha includes pos -c uise deb ie ings. These discussions engage ep esen a i es om: • he unding agency, • he USCG, • he ship’s c ew, • he chie scien is , and • he AICC i sel . The deb ie ing co e s some 20 opics anging om p ec uise communica ions and logis ics o echnical science se ices, he pe o mance o he c ew, and he qual- i y o ood on boa d. This in o ma ion exchange has gene a ed se e al aluable sugges ions o con inued imp o emen o science ope a ions on USCG iceb eake s. Fo mo e in o ma ion on he AICC, see he Uni e si y-Na ional Oceanog aphic Labo a o y Sys em web si e (www. unols.o g), o con ac AICC Chai Lisa Clough in G een ille, NC (252/328-1834; ax 252/328-4178; [email p o ec ed]). In la e 2001, Healy suppo ed es ing o a new au ono- mous unde wa e ehicle (AUV) being de eloped a he Mon e ey Bay Aqua ium Resea ch Ins i u e o he A lan ic Laye T acking Expe imen o help scien is s de e mine wha happens o A lan ic wa e as i en e s he A c ic Ocean (pho o by T. Walsh © MBARI 2001). While AUVs ha e been used o a c ic science since he 1970s, hei anges ha e been limi ed o app oxima ely 1 km and dep hs o a ew hund ed me e s. In con- as , he ALTEX AUV is designed o ange 1,000 km and o dep hs o 4,500 me e s, na iga ing and deploying ice-pene a ing buoys o elay da a ia sa elli e. In wa e s no h o S alba d, he MBARI eam es ed senso s, ice-buoy ope a ion, high-la i ude na iga ion, and ope a ional echniques (see www.mba i.o g/educa ion/c uises/Al ex/ logbook.h m). The ALTEX science expe imen is unded h ough he NSF O ice o Pola P og ams; he AUV’s de elopmen is unded h ough a Na ional Ocean Pa ne - ship P og am g an and managed by he O ice o Na al Resea ch. Jim Bellingham (MBARI) leads he g oup de eloping he ALTEX AUV; collabo a o s include Fuel Cell Technologies, he Massachuse s Ins i u e o Technology, he Na ional Oceanic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion Paci ic Ma ine En i onmen al Labo a o y, and Scien i ic Solu ions, Inc. 19 A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics VPR Equipping and T aining Sa e Field Resea che s G ea e a en ion o sa e y issues was a cen al ecommenda ion o NSF in Logis ics Recommenda ions o an Imp o ed U.S. A c ic Resea ch Capabili y, he 1997 epo published by ARCUS (see Wi ness Au umn 1997). To implemen his ecom- menda ion, VECO Pola Resou ces (VPR) has made majo e o s o ensu e ha in es iga o s can conduc esea ch sa ely in he A c ic. VPR has been he NSF A c ic Resea ch Logis ics Suppo Se ices con ac o since No embe 1999 (see Wi - ness Au umn 2001), supplying sa e y equipmen and se ices o NSF- unded a c ic esea che s, including: •sa elli e elephones, which can suppo bo h oice and da a communica ions om he ield; •access o a 24/7 medical ca e ho line o eme gency and noneme gency si ua ions; •an online ield manual; •ex ensi e medical ki s; and • ield-sa e y cou ses. F ee cou ses in ield sa e y, acili a ed by Lea n o Re u n T aining Sys ems (www.su i al aining.com), a e a ailable pe iodically in a ious loca ions. Cou ses a e ailo ed o mee speci ic needs and o be ele an o pa icula a eas o he A c ic. T a el assis ance is a ailable i he cou se loca ion is no wi hin d i ing dis ance o he pa icipan s. In Feb ua y 2001, VPR o e ed i s i s ield- aining cou se o a c ic esea che s in Fai banks, AK; opics included aining in ield skills and wilde ness medical eme - gencies. In he sp ing o 2002, ou -day cou ses in Mon e ey, CA and Amhe s , MA also included co e age o helicop e , bea , and gun sa e y. An on-si e cou se speci ically o Toolik Field S a ion esea che s was o e ed in June 2002. VPR plans o expand sa e y cou se con en and o e ings u he in 2003. In addi ion o sa e y equipmen and aining, VPR o e s a c ic esea che s an In May 2002, su ey-g ade (dual- equency) Di e en ial GPS (DGPS) became a ailable o esea che s in he Ba ow a ea h ough he Ba ow A c ic Science Conso ium (BASC). The T imble 5700 sys em consis s o : •a base s a ion a BASC, and •a o e sys em o science-su ey use. DGPS pos -p ocessing so wa e is a ailable on a dedica ed compu e , and eal- ime kinema ic (RTK) capabili y is possible wi hin app oxima ely 10 km o BASC, including he 7,466-ac e Ba ow En i on- men al Obse a o y (BEO; see Wi ness Win e 2000/2001). Accu acy is on he scale o cen ime e s. The Uni e si y NAVSTAR Conso - ium (UNAVCO) ins alled he sys em as pa o i s pola suppo se ices o OPP. An in e na ional o ganiza ion o mo e han 90 uni e si ies and esea ch ins i u- ions using GPS, UNAVCO p o ides echnical suppo and aining o in es i- ga o s. Resea che s in ending o use he Ba ow sys em should a ange o aining a UNAVCO in Boulde , CO be o e heading o Ba ow, since on-si e echnical suppo is o en no a ailable. In addi ion, he Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks and UNAVCO ha e ins alled a pe manen GPS s a ion o a mosphe ic and geode ic applica ions a he Na ional Oceanic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion/ Clima e Moni o ing and Diagnos ics Labo a o y (NOAA/CMDL) acili y in Ba ow. This sys em is pa o he Uni e si y Co po a ion o A mosphe ic New DGPS In as uc u e Suppo s Resea ch in Ba ow Resea ch (UCAR) SuomiNe p ojec . SuomiNe is an in e na ional ne wo k o GPS ecei e s con igu ed and managed o gene a e nea eal- ime measu emen s o a mosphe ic p ecipi able wa e apo and o he me e ological and geode ic in o ma ion. The Ba ow s a ion uses dual- equency GPS, and he GPS an enna is on a s able, geode ic-quali y monumen . Daily RINEX (Recei e Independen Exchange Fo ma ) iles will be a ailable om he UNAVCO da a a chi e. Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he Ba ow a ea DGPS sys em o SuomiNe , see he UNAVCO web si e (www.una co. uca .edu), o con ac Bjo n Johns in Boulde , CO (303/497-8034; ax 303/ 497-8028; [email p o ec ed]). Fo mo e in o ma ion abou BASC suppo o science, see he BASC web si e (www.a c icscience.o g), o con ac Execu i e Di ec o Glenn Sheehan in Ba ow, AK (907/852-4881; ax 907/852- 4882; [email p o ec ed]). As pa o he long- e m imp o emen s o esea ch in as uc u e on Alaska’s No h Slope, DGPS is now a ailable in he Ba ow a ea (pho o by Bjo n Johns). a ay o esea ch suppo and logis ics se - ices, including an ex ensi e in en o y o ield equipmen and supplies, anspo a- ion assis ance, and cons uc ion se ices. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he VPR web si e (www. ecopola .com), o con ac P ojec Manage Jill Fe is in Englewood, CO (720/344-5619; ax 720/344-6514; [email p o ec ed]). B ian Ho ne o Lea n o Re u n helps a sa e y cou se pa icipan escape om an ai ame du ing a c ash simula ion (pho o by Diana Ga cia-No ick). 20 Capi ol Upda es The demands o addi ional de ense and homeland-secu i y unding a e cons aining he ede al budge , including unding o esea ch. In Sep embe 2001, Cong ess passed, and he Adminis a ion signed in o law, a $40-billion eme gency supplemen al app op ia ion o an i- e o ism e o s; a leas one mo e la ge supplemen al bill is likely o ollow be o e he end o FY 2002 (30 Sep embe 2002). FY 2002 Budge By he end o he FY 2002 budge p ocess in Janua y 2002, he ede al bud- ge s ood a $718 billion, compa ed wi h he $661 billion eques submi ed by P esiden Bush. This o al included a 6.8% inc ease in disc e iona y unding, and a 12.7% inc ease in ede al esea ch and de elopmen spending— he la ges dolla inc ease in his o y. Once Cong ess had comple ed i s budge p ocess, mos ede al agencies had ecei ed budge inc eases, no he dec eases ha he P esiden ’s budge had p oposed. The FY 2002 NSF budge is $4.8 billion, an 8.4% inc ease o e FY 2001, al hough he P esiden had p oposed an inc ease o only 1.3%. The NSF O ice o Pola P og ams (OPP) ecei ed a 9% inc ease o $229.7 million. FY 2003 Budge The P esiden ’s p oposed FY 2003 budge submi ed in Feb ua y 2002 o e s dec eased o s a ic budge s o nonde ense spending, including basic esea ch, in mos ede al agencies. Fo NSF, he P esiden has eques ed an inc ease o 5% o jus o e $5 billion. Almos one hi d o he 5% inc ease in he FY 2003 NSF budge is ac ually due o he P esiden ’s p oposal o mo e se e al p og ams om o he agencies o NSF, including: • he Na ional Oceanic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion (NOAA) Na ional Sea G an p og am, • he U.S. Geological Su ey (USGS) oxic subs ances hyd ology esea ch p og am, and • he En i onmen al P o ec ion Agency (EPA) O ice o En i onmen al Educa ion. Few addi ional unds a e included o sup- po hese eloca ed p og ams, esul ing in ne losses o he depa men s asked wi h hese new esponsibili ies. Cong ess may, howe e , op o lea e hese p og ams in hei o iginal agencies be o e i e u ns i s e ised budge o he P esiden ’s desk in la e 2002 o ea ly 2003. Wi hin NSF, he p oposed budge : •inc eases he Resea ch and Rela ed Ac i i ies budge by 5.1%, o $3.78 billion; •inc eases he Educa ion and Human Resou ces budge by 3.8%, o $908 million; and •dec eases he Majo Resea ch Equipmen budge by 9%, o $126 million. P esiden Bush con inues o emphasize educa ion in he NSF budge , wi h a p o- posed 25% inc ease o Ma h and Science Pa ne ships o $200 million, and a 27% inc ease in a new NSF ini ia i e called Lea ning o he 21s Cen u y Wo k o ce. O he p io i ies in he p oposed NSF budge include: •Biocomplexi y in he En i onmen , up 36.3% o $79 million; •con inuing inc eases in numbe s and amoun s o g adua e s uden s ipends, up 21% o $175.8 million; and •es ablishmen o wo p o o ype si es o he Na ional Ecological Obse a o y Ne wo k (NEON; see Wi ness Sp ing 2000), o a o al o $12 million. In ea ly June 2002, he House passed HR 4664, he NSF Au ho iza ion Ac . The bill, which passed 397–25, au ho izes 15% inc eases in he NSF budge s o FY 2003, 2004, and 2005. This plan pu s he agency on ack o a doubling o i s budge o e he cou se o he nex i e yea s. The bill has been e e ed o he Sena e o consid- e a ion by he Heal h, Educa ion, Labo , and Pensions Commi ee. The NSF OPP Budge The P esiden ’s FY 2003 budge eques o OPP o als $303.81 million, a2% ($6 million) inc ease o e FY 2002. Wi hin he OPP budge , A c ic P og am unding would inc ease 2.9% ($1.06 million) o $37.84 million. The A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics budge would emain he same ($26 million). The Agency Budge s Re lec Shi ing Fede al P io i ies budge o he U.S. A c ic Resea ch Com- mission inc eases 5.9% o $1.08 million. In FY 2002, NSF designa ed $30 mil- lion o be alloca ed o e i e yea s o he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH) and ela ed p og ams (see page 8). In addi ion, NSF has eques ed $1 million pe yea o suppo SEARCH beginning in FY 2003. Ba ow A c ic Resea ch Cen e Sena o Ted S e ens (R-AK) o e ed an amendmen o he Sena e e sion o he Ene gy Policy Ac o 2002 (HR 4), app o- p ia ing unds o es ablish a esea ch cen- e in Ba ow, Alaska. Speci ically, he amendmen would equi e he Sec e a y o Comme ce, in consul a ion wi h he Sec- e a ies o Ene gy and he In e io , he Di ec o o NSF, and he Adminis a o o he EPA, o es ablish a join esea ch acil- i y o suppo clima e-change and o he scien i ic esea ch ac i i ies in he A c ic. The amendmen app op ia es $35 million o he planning, design, cons uc ion, and suppo o he cen e . A con e ence com- mi ee has been named o esol e di e - ences, including S e ens’ amendmen , in he House and Sena e e sions o he bill. Clima e Change Resea ch Ini ia i e In a Feb ua y 2002 add ess a NOAA headqua e s, P esiden Bush ou lined he Adminis a ion’s new mul iagency Global Clima e Change Resea ch Ini ia i e, which includes unding o SEARCH and has he po en ial o und o he a c ic-based esea ch. As o p ess ime (June 2002), no legisla ion has been in oduced in Con- g ess ha would und o di ec agencies o ake he ac ions pu o h in he ini ia i e. Fo a copy, see he Whi e House web si e (www.whi ehouse.go /news/ eleases/2002/ 02/clima echange.h ml). Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he NSF budge , see he NSF web si e (www.ns . go /od/lpa/cong ess/s a .h m). Fo in o - ma ion abou he P esiden ’s p oposed budge , see he Whi e House web si e (www.whi ehouse.go ). Fo in o ma ion abou he Ba ow A c ic Resea ch Cen e , see he NOAA web si e (www.legisla i e. noaa.go /in o me may1402.h ml). 21 Capi ol Upda es The Bush adminis a ion is seeking o imp o e go e nmen e iciency and con ol ede al spending ela ed o academic esea ch unding by: •de eloping new pe o mance- e iew c i e ia o ede ally unded basic esea ch and de elopmen (R&D), and •discou aging cong essional “ea ma king” o unds o speci ic esea ch p og ams. Pe o mance C i e ia o Basic Resea ch In keeping wi h P esiden Bush’s cha ge o “imp o e he managemen , pe o mance, and esul s o he ede al go e nmen ,” he Whi e House O ice o Managemen and Budge (OMB) is de eloping pe o mance c i e ia o all ede ally unded R&D. OMB has d a ed a se o pe o mance c i e ia o ede al R&D based on: • esul s om an FY 2001 pilo p og am ocused on he pe o mance o some applied R&D p og ams a he Depa men o Ene gy (DOE); •con ibu ions om he Whi e House O ice o Science and Technology Policy (OSTP); and •discussions a a Feb ua y 2002 wo k- shop sponso ed by he Na ional Acad- emy o Sciences (NAS) Commi ee on Science, Enginee ing, and Public Policy (COSEPUP). The OMB in ends o all ede al agencies o use hese c i e ia o e alua e hei R&D e o s a he p og am o po - olio le el. These c i e ia would be based on h ee p inciples: •quali y, ensu ed p ima ily h ough pee - e iew mechanisms; • ele ance, including de ining p og am di ec ion, p io i ies, and links o iden i- ied na ional and agency goals; and •pe o mance, including demons a ing e ec i e use o esou ces and p og ess owa d objec i es. The OMB en isions ha hese assessmen s will in ol e bo h: •p ospec i e e iews o he planning, design, and jus i ica ion o R&D p og ams; and • e ospec i e e iews o p og am quali y, ele ance, and ou comes, conduc ed pe iodically (app oxima ely e e y h ee o i e yea s). Fede al Agencies Face Re iew, Ea ma king Issues Acco ding o Da id T inkle o OMB, issues s ill o be esol ed abou his e alua ion p ocess include: •how o i all ede al R&D e o s in o a simila assessmen amewo k; •how o de ine he di e ences among ypes o R&D p og ams and selec i ely use he e alua ion c i e ia; •which agencies will begin using he c i e ia in 2004; •how he c i e ia will be implemen ed a each agency; •which p og ams a hose agencies will use he c i e ia; and •a wha le el he c i e ia will be applied. COSEPUP no ed in i s epo ha applying pe o mance me ics o basic esea ch will equi e an app oach ailo ed o he wo k o each agency. Je ey Kie , he Roge Re elle Fellow in Global S ew- a dship a OSTP, spoke a he May 2002 ARCUS Annual Mee ing in A ling on, VA on hese issues; he no ed ha i is likely ha a se o basic c i e ia will be de el- oped, o which addi ional c i e ia app op ia e o each agency will be added. In la e May 2002, OMB announced ha i will c ea e a six-membe Pe o - mance Measu emen Ad iso y Council o: •p o ide independen expe ad ice o OMB ega ding measu es o p og am pe o mance, and •make ecommenda ions ega ding managemen and budge decisions. The council, which will exis o nine mon hs unless enewed, will ad ise OMB on speci ic p ocesses and means o be used in assessing ede al p og ams and ini ia i es. Council membe s will be asked wi h: •c ea ing, implemen ing, and e alua ing pe o mance-measu emen s anda ds; and •making ecommenda ions on he ypes and measu es o benchma king sys ems ha depa men s and agencies can employ mos e ec i ely o ack p og am pe o mance. The OMB hopes o name he council by la e June 2002. Fo mo e in o ma ion on he p oposed basic esea ch pe o mance me ics, see he Na ional Academy o Sci- ences web si e (www7.na ionalacademies. o g/gp a/Basic%20Resea ch.h ml) o he Associa ion o Ame ican Uni e si ies web si e (www.aau.edu/ esea ch/ unding.h ml). G owing Cong essional Ea ma ks Acco ding o he Ch onicle o Highe Educa ion, in 2001 Cong ess di ec ed ed- e al agencies o awa d a eco d amoun o “ea ma ked” unds o p ojec s in ol ing speci ic uni e si ies. Ea ma king— he p ac ice o designa ing unds in an app o- p ia ions bill o a pa icula p ojec —has long been used by legisla o s o “b ing home” unding o hei cons i uen s. Academic ea ma ks ha e g own s eadily in ecen yea s om $296 million in 1996 o an es ima ed $1.67 billion in 2001. Fo example, ea ma ks in he Depa men o Comme ce (DOC) budge o FY 2000 we e $92 million; in FY 2002, DOC ea ma ks inc eased o $202 million. Almos e e y agency budge includes simila inc eases in ea ma ked unds, wi h he excep ion o he NSF. The ea ma ks a e also an inc easing sha e o o al ede al unding o colleges and uni e si ies—9.4% in 2001. The 25 s a es wi h he la ges sha es o ede al esea ch dolla s ecei ed 74% o ea ma ked unds in ha unding yea . Alaska and Wes Vi ginia headed he lis . The Ame ican Associa ion o he Ad ancemen o Science, he Associa ion o Ame ican Uni e si ies, he Na ional Associa ion o S a e Uni e si ies and Land G an Colleges, and NAS sponso ed a wo kshop on Ea ma king o Science in Oc obe 2001. A he wo kshop, Sa ah Ho igan o OMB made a s ong appeal o colleges and uni e si ies—and hei lobby- is s— o s op encou aging cong essional ea ma ks. Adminis a ion o icials, includ- ing OMB di ec o Mi ch Daniels, con end ha he inc ease in ea ma king educes he R&D unds a ailable o agencies o mee unding p io i ies and und pee - e iewed esea ch and ha , gi en cu en budge condi ions, addi ional unding o p io i y esea ch will no be o hcoming. Lan- guage discou aging ea ma king is p omi- nen in nea ly e e y FY 2003 OMB budge documen . Fo mo e in o ma ion abou cong es- sional ea ma king in he ede al budge , see he OMB web si e (www.whi ehouse. go /omb/budge / y2003/budge .h ml), o he Ch onicle o Highe Educa ion web si e (h p://ch onicle.com). 22 U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission PRB Explo es Ab up Clima e Change, Pola Biology The echnologies and me hods o biology a e changing d ama ically and opening new a enues o esea ch. A he eques o he NSF O ice o Pola P o- g ams and Di ec o a e o Biological Sci- ences, he Pola Resea ch Boa d (PRB) o med a commi ee o examine oppo u- ni ies and challenges ela ed o using hese ools o conduc esea ch on a c ic and An a c ic o ganisms. The new Commi ee on F on ie s in Pola Biology will seek o: •iden i y impo an esea ch ques ions o pola egions, and • ecommend ways o acili a e and accele a e he ans e and use o genomic echnologies o ques ions abou he A c ic and An a c ic. The commi ee will: •discuss he po en ial applica ions o genomic sciences and unc ional genomics o molecula biology, mic obiology, biochemis y, physiol- ogy, e olu iona y p ocesses, and mic obial ecology in pola egions; •no e he need o de elopmen o new echnologies o me hods speci ically o pola egions; •seek ways o acili a e inc eased in e ac ion be ween biological scien is s wo king in pola egions and o he biological scien is s; and •assess impedimen s o he conduc o pola genomics esea ch (e.g., issues ela ed o acili ies, in as uc u e, main enance o biological sample collec ions, educa ion needs). William H. De ich, III (No heas e n Uni e si y) chai s he nine-membe commi ee, which began mee ing in June 2002. The commi ee will hos an in o ma ion-ga he ing wo kshop in Sep embe 2002 and hen p oduce a epo wi h indings and ecommenda ions. In o he PRB news, he Na ional Academy P ess published Ab up Clima e Change: Ine i able Su p ises in May 2002 (see page 27). The epo , by he PRB’s Commi ee on Ab up Clima e Change, desc ibes wha is known abou ab up clima e changes and hei impac s— based on paleoclima e p oxies, his o ical obse a ions, and modeling—and highligh s new indings ha ab up clima e change can occu when g adual causes push he Ea h sys em ac oss a h eshold. The epo no es ha we do no ye unde s and ab up clima e changes clea ly enough o p edic hem, and ha he models used o p ojec u u e clima e changes and impac s do no simula e he size, speed, and ex en o pas changes well, complica ing assessmen s o po en ial u u e changes. The p epublica ion elease o he epo ecei ed ex ensi e p ess co e age, including a icles in he New Yo k Times and Washing on Pos . Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he PRB, see he Na ional Academies web si e (www.na ional-academies.o g/p b), o con ac PRB Di ec o Ch is El ing in Washing on, DC (202/334-3479; ax 202/334-1477; [email p o ec ed]). Pola Resea ch Boa d New Depu y Di ec o and Commissione s Join USARC In Sep embe 2001, he U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission (USARC) wel- comed Lawson B igham as i s new depu y execu i e di ec o . B igham is a o me U.S. Coas Gua d cap ain wi h expe ience commanding a c ic iceb eake s, including he Pola Sea. An oceanog aphe whose esea ch in e es s include sea ice and ocean p ocesses in he Russian A c ic, B igham ea ned his Ph.D. om he Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e a Camb idge Uni e - si y. He held he O ice o Na al Resea ch A c ic Chai in Ma ine Science a he Na al Pos g adua e School om 1996–97. In la e Janua y 2002, he USARC in oduced wo new commissione s— Ma y Jane Fa e, an Alaska Na i e leade om Rampa , Alaska, and Mead T ead- well, managing di ec o o he Ins i u e o he No h, based in Ancho age, Alaska. Fa e and T eadwell eplace Richa d Glenn and Wal e Pa ke , espec i ely. In he pas se e al mon hs, USARC ep esen a i es ha e a ended a numbe o mee ings. Highligh s include: • he Ap il 2002 A c ic Science Summi Week in G oningen, he Ne he lands; •a Eu opean Union wo kshop in B ussels on a c ic in as uc u e; •a Uni ed Na ions mee ing wi h Russian, No wegian, and Canadian ep esen a- i es o e iew a Russian claim o a c ic e i o y unde A icle 76 o he U.N. Con en ion on he Law o he Sea; he USARC and o he ede al agencies a e planning he conduc o he equisi e su eys o he U.S. a c ic ma gin; •a mee ing wi h he No h Paci ic Resea ch Boa d, which has ag eed upon aschedule o eques s o p oposals o esea ch in he boa d’s egion o in e es ( he No h Paci ic, Be ing Sea, and adjacen pa s o he A c ic Ocean); •a mee ing o he Pola Resea ch Boa d a which USARC Execu i e Di ec o Ga y B ass eques ed help in launching a planning p ocess o he design and managemen o he nex gene a ion o pola iceb eake s; •a Ma ine Technology Socie y luncheon a which Commande S e en Wa en, di ec o o he Na y/Na ional Ice Cen e , spoke on he issues in ol ed in na al ope a ions in an ice- ee A c ic; •an in oduc ion o Canada’s newes p o ince by Paul Okalik, he P emie o Nuna u ; and •a mee ing wi h Pe e Spo s, epo e o he Ch is ian Science Moni o , o discuss a c ic issues. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he USARC web si e (www.uaa.alaska.edu/en i/ a c_web/a chome.h m), o con ac Ga y B ass in A ling on, VA (800/AURORAB o 703/525-0111; ax 703/525-0114; [email p o ec ed]). 23 In e na ional News A c ic Council Wo king G oups Launch Ini ia i es The Senio A c ic O icials (SAOs) o he eigh -na ion A c ic Council me in No embe 2001 in Espoo, Finland o e iew p og ess on en i onmen al and sus ainable de elopmen p ojec s. Council Chai Pe e S enlund o Finland, SAOs, Pe manen Pa icipan indigenous g oups, and obse e s discussed eo ganiza ion plans o he council and how o p esen an “a c ic oice” a he Augus 2002 Wo ld Summi on Sus ainable De elopmen in Sou h A ica. Wo king G oup Ac i i ies The A c ic Moni o ing and Assessmen P og am (AMAP; see www.amap.no) wo king g oup is upda ing i s 1997 con- aminan s udies. Focused on pe sis en o ganic pollu an s (POPs), hea y me als, human heal h, and adioac i i y, he upda ed assessmen s, including a con- densed e sion o he gene al public, a e o be comple ed by Oc obe 2002. U.S. agencies—including he S a e Depa - men , Na ional Oceanic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion, NSF, Na ional Ins i u es o Heal h, En i onmen al P o ec ion Agency, and U.S. A c ic Resea ch Com- mission (see page 22)—ha e con ibu ed mo e han $100,000 in he pas yea o- wa d hese publica ions, and many U.S. expe s ha e been in ol ed wi h esea ch and d a ing o he epo s. The Conse a ion o A c ic Flo a and Fauna (CAFF; see www.ca .is) wo king g oup ecen ly eleased wo epo s: •Seabi d Ha es Regimes in he Ci cumpola Na ions, and •P oceedings o he Fi s CAFF Flo a G oup Wo kshop. CAFF’s book A c ic Flo a and Fauna: S a us and Conse a ion, published in 2001 (see Wi ness Au umn 2001), is ecei ing excellen e iews. This i s ci cumpola o e iew o a c ic biodi e si y and ela ed conse a ion issues concludes ha : •species a e showing he e ec s o o e exploi a ion, habi a loss, and pollu ion; and •dis ance has no made he A c ic immune o global en i onmen al issues. Based on he indings, CAFF is de eloping policy ecommenda ions o be p esen ed a he Oc obe 2002 Minis e ial mee ing. The Eme gency P e en ion, P epa ed- ness, and Response (EPPR) wo king g oup has launched a sou ce-con ol manage- men p ojec led by he U.S. Depa men o Ene gy and Russia’s Eme com. The pilo p ojec will de elop and es a me hodology o educing he po en ial o eme gencies a acili ies ha handle haza dous and adioac i e ma e ials. The esul ing me hodology and o e all app oach will be applicable o a b oad spec um o a - isk ac i i ies in he A c ic. An eme gency- esponse exe cise is planned o summe 2002 a he Bilibino nuclea acili y in he Chuko ka egion o Russia. The adiological elease scena io will demons a e capabili ies bo h on-si e (e.g., plan esponse, communica ions, decision-making) and o -si e (e.g., no i i- ca ion p ocedu es, public in o ma ion dis- semina ion, da a ga he ing om adia ion moni o ing s a ions, plume modeling). In Decembe 2001, he Global En i- onmen Facili y (see www.ge web.o g) app o ed $10 million o und a p ojec o he P o ec ion o he A c ic Ma ine En i- onmen (PAME) wo king g oup— he Russian Na ional Plan o Ac ion o he P o ec ion o he A c ic Ma ine En i on- men om An h opogenic Pollu ion (NPA-A c ic). The plan will add ess bo h damage and h ea s o he a c ic en i on- men in Russia. P oposed demons a ion p ojec s include: • he use o b own algae ma s in coas al a eas o abso b con aminan s; • ans e o wo decommissioned mili a y bases o ci ilian con ol; and •enhancemen o he en i onmen al- and esou ce-managemen capaci y o indigenous people in Russia. The Uni ed S a es plans o o ganize a mee ing o encou age go e nmen s, he p i a e sec o , and in e na ional inancial ins i u ions o in es in he NPA-A c ic. The Sus ainable De elopmen Wo k- ing G oup (SDWG) held a wo kshop in Helsinki in No embe 2001 o begin de eloping an o e all capaci y-building s a egy o he A c ic Council. Canada is p epa ing ecommenda ions. Finland is o ganizing an Augus 2002 con e ence on he s a us o women in he A c ic. The agenda o “Taking Wing” includes sessions on Women and Wo k, Sel -De e mina ion, and Women and Violence. An ini ia i e o he A c ic Council Ac ion Plan o Elimina e Pollu ion o he A c ic (ACAP)—a p ojec o phase ou PCBs in Russia—has ecei ed su icien inancial pledges ha a con ac wi h he Russian pa icipan can be signed. Th ee published ac shee s on hea y me als, POPs, and adioac i i y will be ansla ed in o Russian and ep in ed o imp o e indigenous people’s access o he in o ma- ion. Denma k is p epa ing a e ised wo k plan o he a mosphe ic me cu y p ojec , which is linked o he Uni ed Na ions En i onmen P og amme (UNEP) global me cu y in en o y; he i s phase in ol es da a collec ion in Russia. A p ojec on obsole e pes icides, co-chai ed by he Uni ed S a es and Russia, was launched in Oc obe 2001 in Moscow; UNEP Chemi- cals will p o ide sec e a ia suppo . The A c ic Clima e Impac Assessmen (ACIA; see Wi ness Sp ing 2000) will in es iga e pas and p esen indica o s o changes in clima e and UV adia ion, pos- sible changes in he u u e, and po en ial impac s o hese changes (see www.acia. ua .edu). By 2004, ACIA will publish: •a scien i ic olume, •a syn hesis documen , and •a policy documen p o iding ecommenda ions o coping wi h clima e change and a iabili y. NSF and NOAA a e majo sponso s, and many U.S. expe s a e con ibu ing. Mee ings on he A c ic Ho izon The SAO me in May 2002 in Oulu, Finland and will mee again immedia ely be o e he hi d Minis e ial mee ing, which will con ene 9–10 Oc obe 2002 in Ina i, Finland. The Second AMAP In e na ional Symposium on En i onmen- al Pollu ion o he A c ic will be held 1–4 Oc obe 2002 in Ro aniemi. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic Council web si e (www.a c ic-council.o g). Fo mo e in o ma ion on U.S. in ol e- men in he A c ic Council, con ac Hale VanKoughne a he Depa men o S a e in Washing on, DC (202/647-4972; 202/ 647-4353; [email p o ec ed]). 24 In e na ional News CPC Add esses Global Change, So e eign y, and Secu i y Educa ion News The Canadian Pola Commission, Canada’s lead agency in he a ea o pola esea ch, is esponsible o p omo - ing he de elopmen and dissemina ion o pola knowledge (see Wi ness Sp ing 2000). In Janua y 2002, he CPC co- sponso ed an in e na ional con e ence on “So e eign y and Secu i y in he Cana- dian A c ic” in O awa. Global expe s add essed impo an issues, including: • he implica ions o Canada should he no hwes passage become na igable o comme cial shipping, and •pos -11 Sep embe secu i y issues on he open a c ic on ie . Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he con e - ence, see he Sp ing/Summe edi ion o Me idian, he newsle e o he CPC, o see he Canadian A c ic Resou ces Commi ee web si e (www.ca c.o g). In 1999, he CPC launched he Indica- o s P ojec o p o ide an assessmen o he s a e o Canadian pola knowledge as abasis o nongo e nmen al and go e n- men al decision-making and policy o mu- la ion. The p ojec has de ined 15 quan i i- able indica o s o he s a e o Canada’s pola knowledge (e.g., he s a e o co-managemen esea ch, incidence o pola ma e s aised in Canadian Pa lia- men deba es, numbe o Canadian uni e - si y cou ses on pola subjec s). While such indica o s a e no conside ed de ini i e, hey highligh impo an ends. Thus a , he p ojec has iden i ied key a eas o Canadian pola knowledge, iden i ied in o ma ion use ul in e ining esea ch me hods, and published wo epo s. The CPC ecen ly es ablished he Pola Science Fo um, an online communica ion cen e ha enables he exchange o in o - ma ion and ideas wi hin he Canadian pola esea ch communi y, and an online di ec o y ha lis s Canadian pola special- is s by name, special y, and geog aphical a ea in which hey wo k. The di ec o y will soon also lis publica ions and cu en esea ch p ojec s. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he commission’s web si e (www.pola com. gc.ca), o con ac Communica ions Man- age John Benne in O awa, ON (613/ 943-0716; ax 613/943-8607; benne j@ pola com.gc.ca). Educa ion Recommenda ions A ailable ARCUS published A c ic Science Educa ion: Recommenda ions om he Wo king G oup on A c ic Science Educa ion o he Na ional Science Founda- ion in May 2002. The epo esul ed om a planning p ocess ini ia ed in Ma ch 2000, when a g oup o scien is s, educa o s, and Alaska Na i e educa ion special- is s me in Fai banks, AK o de elop ecommenda ions o guide he A c ic Sec ion o he NSF O ice o Pola P og ams (OPP) in i s educa ion and ou each e o s. The epo is a ailable on he ARCUS web si e (www.a cus.o g) o as a ha d copy. Fo mo e in o ma ion o o eques a copy, con ac ARCUS Educa ion P ojec Manage Jane Wa bu on (907/474-1600; ax 907/474-1604; jane[email p o ec ed]; ). In Janua y 2000, ARCUS launched he A c ic Visi ing Speake s’ (AVS) Se ies o p o ide suppo o o ganiza ions o engage in and os e a c ic science educa- ion on he local le el (see Wi ness Sp ing 2000). The p og am is in ended o: •inc ease communica ion and collabo a- ion wi hin he dispe sed a c ic esea ch communi y; •nu u e be e communica ion among a c ic esea che s and a c ic communi y esiden s; and A c ic Speake s Sha e Expe ise wi h Va ied Audiences •imp o e he gene al public’s app ecia ion o he impo ance o a c ic esea ch. The se ies sponso s dis inguished schol- a s and expe s on he A c ic o isi aca- demic ins i u ions and communi y o gani- za ions o semina s, lec u es, and discus- sions. Funded by he NSF O ice o Pola P og ams, he p og am co e s a el cos s and a modes hono a ium o abou 15 speake s each yea . Speake s isi academic ins i u ions, schools, and public enues such as lib a ies o adio b oadcas s. Since he p og am began, 24 speake s om i e coun ies ha e add essed audi- ences a 51 ins i u ions in he U.S., Russia, G eenland, and Canada on a b oad ange o opics, including linguis ics, Na i e ways o knowing, geology, ma ine law, a cheology, and oceanog aphy. Pa icipan s ha e ound he p og am is especially aluable o : •helping scien is s communica e di ec ly wi h a c ic communi ies; •in ol ing ep esen a i es o a c ic com- muni ies wi h esea ch and educa ion e o s a lowe la i udes; •in e na ional isi s, pa icula ly wi h Russian esea che s o o ganiza ions; •science educa ion pa ne ships in ol ing academic ins i u ions and schools; and •enhancing educa ional oppo uni ies associa ed wi h a mee ing o wo kshop. ARCUS accep s applica ions o he AVS se ies yea - ound. Fo mo e in o ma- ion, see he ARCUS web si e (www.a cus.o g/a c ic_speake /), o con- ac ARCUS Educa ion P ojec Manage Jane Wa bu on (907/474-1600; ax 907/ 474-1604; jane[email p o ec ed]). 25 Publica ions Educa ion News UNIS Ou g ows O iginal Facili ies Iceland’s En i onmen al Resea ch Ins i u e Expands Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d (UNIS) was es ablished as a bene i- cial us in Janua y 1994 by No way’s ou mainland uni e si ies (see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999). UNIS has g own s eadily h oughou i s i s eigh yea s o ope a ion in e ms o he numbe s o cou ses o e ed, s uden s, esea ch unding and ac i i ies, scien i ic pape s published, and p ojec s ecognized by he Cen es o Ou s anding Resea ch. In 2001, UNIS o e ed 38 cou ses wi hin ou ields o s udy—A c ic Biol- ogy, A c ic Geology, A c ic Geophysics, and A c ic Technology. O hese, ully hal we e mas e s- o doc o al-le el cou ses. O 272 s uden s, 58% we e om 21 coun ies o he han No way. The main UNIS building, comple ed in 1995, p o ides inadequa e labo a o y space and o ices o oday’s s a , isi ing lec u e s, esea che s, and ellows. In Janu- a y 1999, ep esen a i es om UNIS, he No wegian Pola Ins i u e (S alba d), and a go e nmen building co po a ion— he Cul u al He i age O ice o he Coun y Go e no o S alba d and S a sbygg No d—selec ed a design o a 5,200- squa e-me e S alba d Science Cen e o be de eloped a Longyea byen in connec- ion wi h he exis ing UNIS building and neighbo ing plo s. The new S alba d Science Cen e, scheduled o comple ion in Decembe 2005, is designed o accommoda e he ins i u ion’s g ow h and o hos a wide ange o ac i i ies and ins i u ions wi h di e se isions and agendas. Loca ing aca- demic ins i u ions in Longyea byen a he same si e will p o ide scien i ic, logis ical, social, and economic bene i s. The new cen e’s design, submi ed by Ja mund & Visnæs o Oslo: • ea u es new o ices, a lib a y, lec u e ooms, labo a o ies, a cul u al he i age eposi o y, wo kshops, and s o age space; •o e s space o in e na ional esea che s and eams wi h p ojec s and campaigns on he island o some du a ion; and •a o ds UNIS added lexibili y in i s esea ch ac i i ies and s uden numbe s. Cons uc ion is o begin in 2003. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he UNIS web si e (www.unis.no), o con ac Di ec o Lasse Lønnum in Longyea byen (+47/7902-3305; ax +47/7902-3301; [email p o ec ed]) o Execu i e O ice Eys ein Ma kusson (+47/7902- 3306; ax +47/7902-3301; [email p o ec ed]). The En i onmen al Resea ch Ins i u e (ERI) a he Uni e si y o Iceland in Reykja ik has many new oppo uni ies o esea ch scien is s and s uden s in en i onmen al sciences. ERI os e s he global exchange o in o ma ion and ideas o p omo e en i onmen al awa eness and esponsibili y, applying an in e discipli- na y Ea h-sys ems app oach o p oblem sol ing. ERI welcomes isi ing schola s, educa- ional exchange p og ams, and coope a i e esea ch. Iceland’s many esou ces include a c ic and suba c ic eshwa e and ma ine ecosys ems, ac i e glacial and olcanic p ocesses, and geo he mal and hyd o- powe esou ces. En i onmen al s esses ha wa an ca e ul s udy include global ma ine pollu ion and global wa ming. In e disciplina y esea ch p ojec s a ERI include bu a e no limi ed o: •using GIS o map na u al haza ds in Iceland and imp o e local communi ies’ capaci y o assess isk and plan land use; •analysis o he po en ial o use enew- able ene gy (e.g., geo he mal, hyd o- powe ) in Iceland o p ocess ecyclables; •analysis o pas and p esen biodi e si y and s esses in ex eme en i onmen s in he No h A lan ic and Iceland; and •assessmen o coas al-zone p ocesses and ecosys em e ec s in Iceland. In June–July 2002, ERI will hos a wo-week ield cou se on “Iceland’s Wil- de ness, Na u al Resou ces, and Resou ce Managemen .” Pa icipan s will explo e Iceland’s coas s and emo e olcanic in e io , s udying: •unique glacial and olcanic o ma ions; •na u al esou ce managemen issues (e.g., ishe ies and aquacul u e; o es y, ag icul u e, soils, and e osion con ol; wilde ness p o ec ion); and •Iceland’s sus ainable de elopmen ini ia i es (e.g., eco ou ism, geo he mal, and hyd opowe ). ERI will begin eaching he Uni e si y o Iceland’s mas e s p og am in en i on- men al sciences in he English language beginning in all 2002. This p og am cul i a es an in e disciplina y app oach o p oblem sol ing, emphasizing: •p ac ical aspec s o en i onmen al sci- ences, a he han heo e ical analysis; • he in e ac ion o scien i ic knowledge and policy o mula ion. S uden s o all backg ounds a e encou - aged o apply. S uden s may do elec i e cou se wo k and hesis esea ch a o eign uni e si ies. Applica ions o he 2003 all e m a e due on 15 Ma ch 2003. ERI is wo king wi h he Uni e si y o Iceland, he Icelandic go e nmen , and go e nmen al and p i a e esea ch and unding o ganiza ions in Iceland o es ablish he In e na ional Cen e o he En i onmen (ICE) a he Uni e si y o Iceland. ICE acili ies, p og ams, and se ices will: •suppo in e na ional collabo a ion on la ge-scale in e disciplina y esea ch and moni o ing p ojec s; and •c ea e a o um o he in e na ional exchange o ideas, esea ch esul s, and in o ma ion on en i onmen al issues. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ERI web si e (www.uhi.hi.is/english), o con ac Di ec o Bjo n Gunna sson in Reykja ik, Iceland (+354/525-5286; ax +354/525- 5829; [email p o ec ed]). The new 56,000-squa e- oo S alba d Science Cen e is designed o accommoda e many educa ional and esea ch ini ia i es a Longyea byen by 2006 ( igu e by Ja mund & Visnæs). 4 Louisiana S a e Uni e si y: ARCUS Membe Ins i u ion Mac oscale a iabili y o he coas is he esul o geologic s uc u e, i e dis ibu- ion, oceanic ci cula ion, he mal egime, ice-pack condi ions, open-wa e pe iods, and wa e powe . A majo di e ence be ween he Beau o and Chukchi coas s is ha all o he majo i e s o he No h Slope d ain in o he Beau o Sea—a ec - ing he de elopmen o del as and he in oduc ion o sedimen in o he A c ic Ocean. Compa ed o he Beau o Sea coas , along he Chukchi Sea coas : •b eakup was ea lie , •open wa e las ed longe and co e ed a la ge a ea, and •wa e ene gy was g ea e . Beach P ocesses and Responses The CSI eam s udied beach p ocess- esponse in e ac ions in he con ex o b eakup, open wa e , and eeze-up. Ri e - ice b eakup p ecedes sea-ice b eakup, o en by weeks. Beach haw is highly a i- able; iming and ex en depend la gely on wa e condi ions du ing eeze-up, as ice inco po a ed in o he beach du ing s o ms a ec s beach haw and beach mo phology. A s udy o ice mo emen e ealed di e - ences seawa d and landwa d o an o sho e ba because o he in e ac ion be ween wa es and ides and he bo om opog a- phy. Fa home e p o iles a Pingok Island e ealed ou ba s wi h s eep sho ewa d slopes and gen le seawa d slopes, in e sec - ing he sho eline a an angle be ween 8° and 10°. These a c ic ba s we e he i s known e idence o ou e ba s consis en ly ex ending o and ac i ely modi ying he sho eline in he absence o inne ba s. Onsho e beach idges we e well p e- se ed compa ed wi h simila ea u es in o he clima es because: •se e e s o ms a e a e, • he idges a e ozen 10 mon hs/yea , •a g a el pa emen on hei su ace educes de la ion, and •swales ull o wa e du ing summe unde go li le eolian e osion. Subsequen Coas al Resea ch Al hough he abo e ep esen s he ac i e ield and labo a o y phase o CSI’s Alaskan A c ic Coas al P ocesses and Mo phology S udy, many o he p incipals o ha g oup ex ended hei in ol emen : •Sho and W igh iden i ied wo majo se s o lineamen s on he No h Slope and sugges ed ha he e is a di ec associa ion be ween hem and a c ic coas al mo phology; •Sho demons a ed he ole o o sho e s anding wa es in con olling he pa e n o sand ba s; •Ha pe and Wiseman w o e on he empo al a ia ion o su ace oughness on a und a su ace; •Ha pe comple ed a disse a ion on he physical p ocesses a ec ing und a cli s abili y; •Douglas Fishe in es iga ed ac i e laye de elopmen on a ba ie island; and •CSI and Depa men o Geology pe - sonnel, especially Wiseman, Don Lowe, and Da id P io , s udied slope ins abili- ies in a c ic and sub-a c ic jo ds, which cause some o he mos in ense cu en s obse ed in deep jo ds. A c ic Biology Since 1980, a eam om LSU’s Depa - men o Compa a i e Biomedical Sciences—Yahya Abdelbaki, Dennis Du ield, Je old Haldiman, William Henk, Robe Hen y, Daniel Hillmann, and Diana Mullan—has been leading a s udy o collec baseline da a on he ana omy o he bowhead whale (Balaena mys ice us) p io o po en ial en i onmen- al al e a ion. They a e s udying he ana omy o he lungs, kidneys, eyes, hea s, and b ains, and he s uc u e and hickness o he skin o whales ha es ed by Iñupia and Yupik Eskimos o a leas six coas al illages. This is one o many esea ch p ojec s in a c ic Alaska ha ha e in ol ed esiden s (e.g., whaling cap ains and c ews), and i e lec s he Inui ’s conce n o hei en i- onmen . Sponso s ha e included he U.S. Bu eau o Land Managemen ; he NSB, he Chinese Academy o Sciences, and he LSU School o Ve e ina y Medicine. LSU is also in ol ed in long- e m esea ch on he popula ion biology o geese a Ka ak Lake in Nuna u , Canada. Alan A on (LSU’s Biological Resou ces Di ision) has been a isi ing esea ch sci- en is wi h he Canadian Wildli e Se ice since 1993. Along wi h g adua e s uden s, he is ocusing on he beha io al aspec s, o aging ecology, and nu i ion o Ross’s geese (Chen ossii) and lesse snow geese (Chen cae ulescens cae ulescens). De elopmen o he pe oleum indus- y and mode niza ion o No h Slope illages since he 1970s b ough la ge demands o sand and g a el. The NSB op ed o use un ozen deposi s benea h deepe i e s, lakes, lagoons, and nea sho e ocean wa e s. D edging began in 1981 on he Col ille Ri e del a. The NSB Public Wo ks Depa men ini ia ed en i onmen al moni o ing, wi h which Jesse Walke was associa ed om 1980 o 1994, no ing al e a ions in he und a su ace a e unway cons uc ion and changes in he d edge channels in he Kokolik, Meade, and Col ille i e s. En i onmen al Geomo phology LSU Compa a i e Biomedical Sciences esea che s collec baseline da a on he dimensions o he skull o a bowhead whale ha es ed by No h Slope esiden s a Ba ow, Alaska (pho o by Daniel Hillmann). Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac : H. Jesse Walke Dep . o Geog aphy & An h opology Louisiana S a e Uni e si y Ba on Rouge, LA 70803 Phone: 225/578-6130 Fax: 225/578-4420 [email p o ec ed] www.lsu.edu An unab idged e sion o his o e iew o LSU esea ch in he A c ic is a ailable on he ARCUS web si e a : www.a cus. o g/Wi ness_ he_A c ic/ Sp ing_02/Con en s.h ml Publica ions NSF O ice o Pola P og ams A c ic Sec ion Add esses Sp ing 2002 O ice o Pola P og ams (OPP) Na ional Science Founda ion (NSF) 4201 Wilson Boule a d, Sui e 755 S A ling on, VA 22230 Phone: 703/292-8029 • Fax: 703/292-9082 Thomas E. Pyle, Sec ion Head [email p o ec ed] Cha les E. Mye s, Head o In e agency A c ic S a [email p o ec ed] Robin Muench, P og am O ice [email p o ec ed] Renée C ain, Science Assis an [email p o ec ed] A c ic Sys em Science P og am (ARCSS) www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/sys em.h m Neil Swanbe g, Ac ing P og am Di ec o [email p o ec ed] Luis M. Tupas, Associa e P og am Di ec o [email p o ec ed] A c ic Social Sciences P og am www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/social.h m Robin Muench, Ac ing P og am Manage [email p o ec ed] A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/na u al.h m Jane V. Dionne, P og am Manage [email p o ec ed] Robin Muench, Ac ing P og am Manage [email p o ec ed] Resea ch Suppo & Logis ics www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/suplog.h m Simon N. S ephenson, P og am Manage [email p o ec ed] A c ic Sciences Sec ion • www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/s a .h m A c ic Sys em Science P og am (ARCSS) P og am Add esses Jona han T. O e peck, Chai Ins i u e o he S udy o Plane Ea h Uni e si y o A izona, Tucson Phone: 520/622-9065 • Fax: 520/792-8795 [email p o ec ed] F. S ua (Te y) Chapin, III Ins i u e o A c ic Biology Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-7922 • Fax: 907/474-6967 [email p o ec ed] Rudy J. Dich l Coope a i e Ins i u e o Resea ch in En i onmen al Sciences (CIRES) Na ional Snow & Ice Da a Cen e (NSIDC) Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde Phone: 303/492-5532 • Fax: 303/492-2468 [email p o ec ed] Law ence C. Hamil on Depa men o Sociology HSSC Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, Du ham Phone: 603/862-1859 • Fax: 603/862-3558 [email p o ec ed] Lloyd D. Keigwin Depa men o Geology & Geophysics Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion, MA Phone: 508/289-2784 • Fax: 508/457-2183 [email p o ec ed] ARCSS Commi ee Coo dina ion www.a cus.o g Wendy K. Wa nick, Execu i e Di ec o A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es (ARCUS) Fai banks, AK Phone: 907/474-1600 • Fax: 907/474-1604 [email p o ec ed] • [email p o ec ed] Dan Fe guson, P ojec Manage ARCUS Phone: 907/474-1600 • Fax: 907/474-1604 [email p o ec ed] ARCSS Da a Coo dina ion Cen e h p://a css.colo ado.edu Rudy J. Dich l, Da a Manage CIRES/NSIDC Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde Phone: 303/492-5532 • Fax: 303/492-2468 [email p o ec ed] Ch is McNea e, Da a Coo dina o CIRES/NSIDC Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde Phone: 303/492-1390 • Fax: 303/492-2468 [email p o ec ed] ARCSS Commi ee (AC) • www.a cus.o g/ARCSS/ARCSS.h ml Amanda Lynch CIRES P og am in A mosphe ic & Oceanic Sciences Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde Phone: 303/492-5847 • Fax: 303/492-1149 [email p o ec ed] Glen M. MacDonald Depa men s o Geog aphy & O ganismic Biology, Ecology & E olu ion Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Los Angeles Phone: 310/825-2568 • Fax: 310/206-5976 [email p o ec ed] B uce J. Pe e son The Ecosys ems Cen e Ma ine Biological Labo a o y (MBL) Woods Hole, MA Phone: 508/289-7484 • Fax: 508/457-1548 [email p o ec ed] John Wea he ly Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y (CRREL) Hano e , NH Phone: 603/646-4741 • Fax: 603/646-4644 [email p o ec ed] HARC Science Managemen O ice Hen y P. Hun ing on, Di ec o Hun ing on Consul ing Eagle Ri e , AK Phone: 907/696-3564 • Fax: 907/696-3565 [email p o ec ed] Human Dimensions o he A c ic Sys em (HARC) • www.a cus.o g/ha c Dan Fe guson, P ojec Manage ARCUS Fai banks, AK Phone: 907/474-1600 • Fax: 907/474-1604 [email p o ec ed] LAII Science S ee ing Commi ee F. S ua (Te y) Chapin, III, Co-chai Ins i u e o A c ic Biology Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-7922 • Fax: 907/474-6967 [email p o ec ed] Ma hew S u m, Co-chai CRREL F . Wainw igh , AK Phone: 907/353-5183 • Fax: 907/353-5142 [email p o ec ed] Ma y E. Edwa ds Geog a isk Ins i u No wegian Uni . o Science & Technology T ondheim, No way Phone: +47/7359-1915 • Fax: +47/7359-1878 [email p o ec ed] B ad G i i h Alaska Coop. Fish & Wildli e Resea ch Uni Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-5067 • Fax: 907/474-6716 [email p o ec ed] Hen y P. Hun ing on Hun ing on Consul ing Eagle Ri e , AK Phone: 907/696-3564 • Fax: 907/696-3565 [email p o ec ed] Land-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (LAII) p og am • www.laii.ua .edu Ga y Ko inas Ins i u e o A c ic S udies Da mou h College Hano e , NH Phone: 603/646-1278 • Fax: 603/646-1279 [email p o ec ed] And ea H. Lloyd Depa men o Biology Middlebu y College, VT Phone: 802/443-3165 • Fax: 802/443-2072 [email p o ec ed] B uce J. Pe e son The Ecosys ems Cen e , MBL Woods Hole, MA Phone: 508/289-7484 • Fax: 508/457-1548 [email p o ec ed] Joshua Schimel Depa men o Ecology, E olu ion & Ma ine Biology Uni e si y o Cali o nia, San a Ba ba a Phone: 805/893-7688 • Fax: 805/893-4724 [email p o ec ed] ARCSS P og am Add esses Sp ing 2002 Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (OAII) p og am • h p://a css-oaii.hpl.umces.edu OAII Science S ee ing Commi ee Don Pe o ich, Chai -Elec Snow & Ice Di ision CRREL Hano e , NH Phone: 603/646-4255 • Fax: 603/646-4644 [email p o ec ed] Leona d A. Ba ie A mosphe ic Sci. & Global Change Resou ces Paci ic No hwes Na ional Labo a o y Richland, WA Phone: 509/375-3998 • Fax: 509/372-6153 [email p o ec ed] Dennis A. Da by Dep . o Ocean, Ea h & A mosphe ic Science Old Dominion Uni e si y No olk, VA Phone: 757/683-4701 • Fax: 757/683-5303 [email p o ec ed] Thomas L. Delwo h Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Labo a o y Na ional Oceanic & A mosphe ic Adminis a- ion (NOAA) P ince on, NJ Phone: 609/452-6565 • Fax: 609/987-5063 [email p o ec ed] Hajo Eicken Geophysical Ins i u e Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-7280 • Fax: 907/474-7290 [email p o ec ed] Rob W. Macdonald Ins i u e o Ocean Sciences Depa men o Fishe ies & Oceans Sidney, BC Canada Phone: 250/363-6409 • Fax: 250/363-6807 [email p o ec ed] Pa icia A. Ma ai Bigelow Labo a o y o Ocean Sciences Wes Boo hbay Ha bo , ME Phone: 207/633-9614 • Fax: 207/633-9641 [email p o ec ed] As id E. J. Ogil ie Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde Phone: 303/492-6072 • Fax: 303/492-6388 [email p o ec ed] Paul B. Shepson Depa men s o Chemis y, Ea h & A mosphe ic Sciences Pu due Uni e si y Wes La aye e, IN Phone: 765/494-7441 • Fax: 765/494-0239 [email p o ec ed] Michael S eele Applied Physics Labo a o y Pola Science Cen e (PSC) Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le Phone: 206/543-6586 • Fax: 206/616-3142 [email p o ec ed] Da id Thompson Depa men o A mosphe ic Science Colo ado S a e Uni e si y, Fo Collins Phone: 970/491-3338 • Fax: 970/491-8449 [email p o ec ed] Cyn hia Tynan NOAA No hwes Fishe ies Science Cen e Sea le, WA Phone: 206/860-6793 • Fax: 206/860-3267 [email p o ec ed] John Wea he ly (non-OAII Rep esen a i e) CRREL Hano e , NH Phone: 603/646-4741 • Fax: 603/646-4644 [email p o ec ed] OAII Science Managemen O ice Louis A. Codispo i, Di ec o Ho n Poin Labo a o y Uni e si y o Ma yland Phone: 410/221-8479 • Fax: 410/221-8490 [email p o ec ed] Jane Hawkey, Manage Ho n Poin Labo a o y Uni e si y o Ma yland Phone: 410/221-8416 • Fax: 410/221-8490 [email p o ec ed] Ma k C. Se eze CIRES/NSIDC Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde Phone: 303/492-2963 • Fax: 303/492-2468 [email p o ec ed] Gaius Sha e The Ecosys ems Cen e , MBL Woods Hole, MA Phone: 508/289-7492 • Fax: 508/457-1548 [email p o ec ed] LAII Science Managemen O ice F. S ua (Te y) Chapin, III, Di ec o Ins i u e o A c ic Biology Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-7922 • Fax: 907/474-6967 [email p o ec ed] Pa icia A. Ande son, Depu y Di ec o Cen e o Global Change & A c ic Sys em Resea ch Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-5415 • Fax: 907/474-6722 [email p o ec ed] Sp ing 2002 ARCSS P og am Add esses Paleoen i onmen al A c ic Sciences (PARCS) • www.ngdc.noaa.go /paleo/pa cs PARCS Science S ee ing Commi ee Da ell S. Kau man, Co-Chai Depa men o Geology No he n A izona Uni e si y, Flags a Phone: 928/523-7192 • Fax: 928/523-9220 [email p o ec ed] Glen M. MacDonald, Co-Chai Depa men s o Geog aphy & O ganismic Biology, Ecology & E olu ion Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Los Angeles Phone: 310/825-2568 • Fax: 310/206-5976 [email p o ec ed] Ma ianne Douglas Depa men o Geology Uni e si y o To on o, ON, Canada Phone: 416/978-3709 • Fax: 416/978-3938 [email p o ec ed] Ma hieu Du all, Da a Manage Depa men o Geology Ba es College, Lewis on, ME Phone: 207/753-6945 • Fax: 207/786-8334 [email p o ec ed] B uce P. Finney Ins i u e o Ma ine Science Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-7724 • Fax: 907/474-7204 [email p o ec ed] Aslaug Gei sdo i Depa men o Geosciences Uni e si y o Iceland, Reykja ik Phone: +354/5254477 • Fax: +354/5254499 [email p o ec ed] Feng Sheng Hu Depa men o Plan Biology Uni e si y o Illinois, U bana Phone: 217/244-2982 • Fax: 217/244-7246 [email p o ec ed] Malcolm K. Hughes Labo a o y o T ee-Ring Resea ch Uni e si y o A izona, Tucson Phone: 520/621-6470 • Fax: 520/621-8229 [email p o ec ed] Anne E. Jennings Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde Phone: 303/492-7621 • Fax: 303/492-6388 [email p o ec ed] Ana oly V. Lozhkin No heas In e disciplina y Scien i ic Resea ch Ins i u e—Fa Eas B anch Russian Academy o Sciences 16 Po o aya S ee 685000 Magadan, Russia Phone: +7413/223-0944 Fax: +7413/223-0051 [email p o ec ed] Gi o d H. Mille , CAPE Rep esen a i e Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde Phone: 303/492-6962 • Fax: 303/492-6388 [email p o ec ed] Be e L. O o-Bliesne Clima e Change Resea ch Na ional Cen e o A mosphe ic Resea ch Boulde , CO Phone: 303/497-1723 • Fax: 303/497-1348 [email p o ec ed] E ic J. S eig Depa men o Ea h & Space Sciences Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le Phone: 206/685-3715 • Fax: 206/685-3836 [email p o ec ed] PARCS Science Managemen O ice La y Coa s, Manage Depa men o Geology No he n A izona Uni e si y, Flags a Phone: 928/523-0958 • Fax: 928/556-7500 [email p o ec ed] Russian Science S ee ing Commi ee Igo Melniko , Co-chai P.P. Shi sho Ins i u e o Oceanology 36, Nakhimo ski P . 117997 Moscow, Russia Phone: +7095/124-5996 Fax: +7095/124-5983 [email p o ec ed] Se gey P iamiko , Co-chai A c ic & An a c ic Ins i u e 38, Be ing S ee 199397 S . Pe e sbu g, Russia Phone: +7812/352-0096 Fax: +7812/352-2685 [email p o ec ed] • [email p o ec ed] Vladimi Pi ulko (Pending) Ins i u e o he His o y o Ma e ial Cul u e Russian Academy o Sciences 18, D o so aya nab. 191186 S . Pe e sbu g, Russia Phone: +7812/233-6802 Fax: +7812/311-6271 [email p o ec ed] Nikolai N. Romano skii Moscow S a e Uni e si y Facul y o Geology Depa men o Geoc yology Vo obyo y Go y 119899 Moscow, Russia Phone: +7095/939-1937 Fax: +7095/932-8889 [email p o ec ed] Igo P. Semile o Paci ic Oceanological Ins i u e in Vladi os ok h ough mid-2002: F on ie Resea ch Sys em o Global Change In e na ional A c ic Resea ch Cen e (IARC) Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-6286 • Fax: 907/474-2643 [email p o ec ed] • [email p o ec ed] Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on Shel -Land En i onmen s in he A c ic (RAISE) • www. aise.ua .edu U.S. Science S ee ing Commi ee Lee Coope , Chai Dep . o Ecology & E olu iona y Biology Uni e si y o Tennessee, Knox ille Phone: 865/974-2990 • Fax: 865/974-3067 [email p o ec ed] S e e Fo man Depa men o Geological Sciences Uni e si y o Illinois, Chicago Phone: 312/413-9404 • Fax: 312/413-2279 [email p o ec ed] Richa d Lamme s Wa e Sys ems Analysis G oup Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, Du ham Phone: 603/862-4699 • Fax: 603/862-0587 [email p o ec ed] B uce Pe e son The Ecosys ems Cen e , MBL Woods Hole, MA Phone: 508/548-3705 ex . 7484 Fax: 508/457-1548 [email p o ec ed] And ey P oshu insky Depa men o Physical Oceanog aphy Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion, MA Phone: 508/289-2796 • Fax: 508/457-2181 [email p o ec ed] Vladimi Romano sky, P ojec O ice Di ec o Geophysical Ins i u e Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-7459 • Fax: 907/474-7290 [email p o ec ed] Lau ence Smi h (Pending) Depa men o Geog aphy Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Los Angeles Phone: 310/825-1071 • Fax: 310/206-5976 [email p o ec ed] La y D. Hinzman, Co-chai Wa e & En i onmen al Resea ch Cen e Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-7331 • Fax: 907/474-7979 [email p o ec ed] Cha les Vö ösma y, Co-chai Wa e Sys ems Analysis G oup Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, Du ham Phone: 603/862-0850 • Fax: 603/862-0587 [email p o ec ed] Hen y P. Hun ing on Hun ing on Consul ing Eagle Ri e , AK Phone: 907/696-3564 • Fax: 907/696-3565 [email p o ec ed] Rob W. Macdonald Ins i u e o Ocean Sciences Depa men o Fishe ies and Oceans Sidney, BC Canada Phone: 250/363-6409 • Fax: 250/363-6807 [email p o ec ed] Kyle C. McDonald Te es ial Science Resea ch Elemen Je P opulsion Labo a o y (JPL) Cali o nia Ins i u e o Technology, Pasadena Phone: 818/354-3263 • Fax: 818/354-9476 [email p o ec ed] Da id A. McGui e Ins i u e o A c ic Biology Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-6242 • Fax: 907/474-6716 [email p o ec ed] Don K. Pe o ich CRREL Hano e , NH Phone: 603/646-4255 • Fax: 603/646-4644 [email p o ec ed] B uce J. Pe e son The Ecosys ems Cen e , MBL Woods Hole, MA Phone: 508/289-7484 • Fax: 508/457-1548 [email p o ec ed] Michael S eele Applied Physics Labo a o y, PSC Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le Phone: 206/543-6586 • Fax: 206/616-3142 [email p o ec ed] Ma hew S u m CRREL F . Wainw igh , AK Phone: 907/353-5183 • Fax: 907/353-5142 [email p o ec ed] James Sy i ski Ins i u e o A c ic & Alpine Resea ch Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde Phone: 303/492-7909 • Fax: 303/492-6388 [email p o ec ed] John E. Walsh Depa men o A mosphe ic Sciences Uni e si y o Illinois, U bana Phone: 217/333-7521 • Fax: 217/244-4393 [email p o ec ed] Robe S. Webb Na ional Geophysical Da a Cen e E/GC NOAA Boulde , CO Phone: 303/497-6967 • Fax: 303/497-7013 [email p o ec ed] Pan-A c ic Communi y-wide Hyd ological Analysis & Moni o ing P og am (A c ic-CHAMP) www.a cus.o g/ARCSS/hyd o/index.h ml Sp ing 2002 ARCSS P og am Add esses SEARCH Science S ee ing Commi ee Jamie Mo ison, Chai & P ojec O ice Di ec o Applied Physics Lab, PSC Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le Phone: 206/543-1394 • Fax: 206/616-3142 [email p o ec ed] Ve a Alexande School o Fishe ies & Ocean Sciences Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-6824 • Fax: 907/474-7386 [email p o ec ed] Louis A. Codispo i Cen e o En i onmen al Science Ho n Poin Labo a o y Uni e si y o Ma yland Phone: 410/221-8479 • Fax: 410/221-8490 [email p o ec ed] Thomas L. Delwo h Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Labo a o y NOAA P ince on, NJ Phone: 609/452-6565 • Fax: 609/987-5063 [email p o ec ed] Bob Dickson Cen e o En i onmen , Fishe ies & Aquacul u e Science (CEFAS) Su olk, UK Phone: +44/1502-524282 Fax: +44/1502-513865 [email p o ec ed] Hajo Eicken Geophysical Ins i u e Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-7280 • Fax: 907/474-7290 [email p o ec ed] Jacqueline M. G ebmeie Dep . o Ecology & E olu iona y Biology Uni e si y o Tennessee, Knox ille Phone: 865/974-2592 • Fax: 865/974-7896 [email p o ec ed] Geo ge Hun Dep . o Ecology & E olu iona y Biology Uni e si y o Cali o nia, I ine Phone: 949/824-2181 • Fax: 949/824-2181 [email p o ec ed] Jack K use Depa men o Geosciences Uni e si y o Massachuse s, Le e e Phone: 413/367-2240 • Fax: 413/367-0092 [email p o ec ed] Dennis Le enmaie Ci il & En i onmen al Enginee ing Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le Phone: 206/543-2532 • Fax: 206/685-3836 [email p o ec ed] Da e McGui e Ins i u e o A c ic Biology Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-6242 • Fax: 907/474-6716 [email p o ec ed] Jim O e land Paci ic Ma ine En i onmen al Labo a o y NOAA, Sea le, WA Phone: 206/526-6795 • Fax: 206/526-6485 [email p o ec ed] Jona han O e peck Ins i u e o he S udy o Plane Ea h Uni e si y o A izona, Tucson Phone: 520/622-9065 • Fax: 520/792-8795 [email p o ec ed] Pe e Schlosse Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y Columbia Uni e si y, Palisades, NY Phone: 914/365-8707 • Fax: 914/365-8155 Ma k C. Se eze CIRES/NSIDC Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde Phone: 303/492-2963 • Fax: 303/492-1149 [email p o ec ed] Gus Sha e The Ecosys ems Cen e , MBL Woods Hole, MA Phone: 508/289-7492 • Fax: 508/457-1548 [email p o ec ed] John Walsh Depa men o A mosphe ic Sciences Uni e si y o Illinois, U bana Phone: 217/333-7521 • Fax: 217/244-4393 [email p o ec ed] S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH) h p://psc.apl.washing on.edu/sea ch Roge G. Ba y CIRES/NSIDC Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde Phone: 303/492-5488 • Fax: 303/492-2468 [email p o ec ed] Ma k Fahnes ock Complex Sys ems Resea ch Cen e Ins . o he S udy o Ea h, Oceans & Space Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, Du ham Phone: 603/862-5065 • Fax: 603/862-0188 [email p o ec ed] A c ic-CHAMP Science S ee ing Commi ee Publica ions ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2002 Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 3535 College Road • Sui e 101 • Fai banks, AK 99709 Hen y P. Hun ing on, P esiden Hun ing on Consul ing 23834 The Clea ing D i e Eagle Ri e , AK 99577 Phone: 907/696-3564 • Fax: 907/696-3565 [email p o ec ed] Lilian Alessa Depa men o Biology Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age 3211 P o idence D i e Ancho age, AK 99508 Phone: 907/786-1507 • Fax: 907/786-4607 [email p o ec ed] • www.uaa.alaska.edu Raymond S. B adley Depa men o Geosciences Uni e si y o Massachuse s Mo ill Science Cen e Campus Box 35820 Amhe s , MA 01003-5820 Phone: 413/545-2120 • Fax: 413/545-1200 [email p o ec ed] • www.umass.edu Louis A. Codispo i, Sec e a y Cen e o En i onmen al Science Ho n Poin Labo a o y Uni e si y o Ma yland PO Box 775 Camb idge, MD 21601-0775 Phone: 410/221-8479 • Fax: 410/221-8490 [email p o ec ed] • www.umd.edu G ego y M. Fla o Canadian Cen e o Clima e Modeling & Analysis–A mosphe ic En i onmen Se ice Uni e si y o Vic o ia PO Box 1700 Vic o ia, BC V8W2Y2 Canada Phone: 250/363-8233 • Fax: 250/363-8247 [email p o ec ed] • www.u ic.ca Ha ald Gaski Facul y o Humani ies–Depa men o Sámi Uni e si y o T omsø N-9037 T omsø, No way Phone: +47/7764-4259 • Fax: +47/7764-4239 [email p o ec ed] • www.ui .no Taqulik Hepa Depa men o Wildli e Managemen No h Slope Bo ough PO Box 69 Ba ow, AK 99723 Phone: 907/852-0350 • Fax: 907/852-0351 [email p o ec ed] • www.co.no h-slope.ak.us Da id R. Klein, T easu e Ins i u e o A c ic Biology Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks PO Box 757020 Fai banks, AK 99775-7020 Phone: 907/474-6674 • Fax: 907/474-6967 [email p o ec ed] • www.ua .edu Daniel H. Mann Ins i u e o A c ic Biology Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks PO Box 757000 Fai banks, AK 99775-7000 Phone: 907/474-2419 • Fax: 907/474-7640 [email p o ec ed] • www.ua .edu ARCUS Boa d o Di ec o s • www.a cus.o g/ARCUS/di ec o s.h ml Wieslaw Maslowski, Execu i e Commi ee Depa men o Oceanog aphy–Code OC/Ma Na al Pos g adua e School 833 Dye Road, Room 331 Mon e ey, CA 93943-5122 Phone: 831/656-3162 • Fax: 831/656-2712 [email p o ec ed] • www.nps.na y.mil As id E. J. Ogil ie Ins i u e o A c ic and Alpine Resea ch Uni e si y o Colo ado Boulde Campus Box 450 1560 30 h S ee Boulde , CO 80309-0450 Phone: 303/492-6072 • Fax: 303/492-6388 [email p o ec ed] • www.colo ado.edu Ma k C. Se eze, Execu i e Commi ee CIRES/Na ional Snow & Ice Da a Cen e Uni e si y o Colo ado Boulde Campus Box 216 Boulde , CO 80309-0449 Phone: 303/492-2963 • Fax: 303/492-2468 [email p o ec ed] • www.colo ado.edu Be na d D. Zak En i onmen al Cha ac e iza ion & Moni o ing Sys ems Depa men Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies PO Box 5800 Albuque que, NM 87185-0755 Phone: 505/845-8631 • Fax: 505/844-0116 [email p o ec ed] • www.sandia.go ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es Alaska No h Slope Bo ough Depa men o Wildli e Managemen www.co.no h-slope.ak.us Robe Suydam Depa men o Wildli e Managemen No h Slope Bo ough PO Box 69 Ba ow, AK 99723 Phone: 907/852-0350 • Fax: 907/852-0351 [email p o ec ed] Todd O’Ha a add ess, phone, & ax same as Robe Suydam [email p o ec ed] A izona S a e Uni e si y www.asu.edu An hony J. B azel Depa men o Geog aphy A izona S a e Uni e si y PO Box 870104 Tempe, AZ 85287-0104 Phone: 480/965-6436 • Fax: 480/965-8313 [email p o ec ed] Ba es College www.ba es.edu Michael Re elle Geology Depa men Ba es College 44 Campus A enue Lewis on, ME 04240 Phone: 207/786-6155 • Fax: 207/786-8334 [email p o ec ed] William G. Amb ose Biology Depa men add ess same as Michael Re elle Phone: 207/786-6114 • Fax: 207/786-6123 [email p o ec ed] B own Uni e si y www.b own.edu Douglas D. Ande son Depa men o An h opology B own Uni e si y PO Box 1921 P o idence, RI 02912 Phone: 401/863-7060 • Fax: 401/863-7588 [email p o ec ed] The Cen e o No he n S udies h p://communi y.middlebu y.edu/~cns S e en Young The Cen e o No he n S udies 479 C oss Road Wolco , VT 05680-4088 Phone: 802/888-4331 • Fax: 802/888-3969 [email p o ec ed] S e en Cox con ac in o ma ion same as S e en Young Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y (CRREL) www.c el.usace.a my.mil Deb a Meese Snow & Ice Di ision Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y 72 Lyme Road Hano e , NH 03755-1290 Phone: 603/646-4594 • Fax: 603/646-4644 [email p o ec ed] Wal e (Te y) Tucke , III add ess same as Deb a Meese Phone: 603/646-4268 • Fax: 603/646-4644 [email p o ec ed] (con inued nex page) ARCUS • 907/474-1600 • Fax 907/474-1604 • [email p o ec ed] • www.a cus.o g ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2002 ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es (con inued) Da mou h College www.da mou h.edu O an R. Young Ins i u e o A c ic S udies Da mou h College 6214 Fai child Hano e , NH 03755-3517 Phone: 603/646-1278 • Fax: 603/646-1279 [email p o ec ed] Ross A. Vi ginia En i onmen al S udies P og am Da mou h College 6182 S eele Hall Hano e , NH 03755-3577 Phone: 603/646-1456 • Fax: 603/646-1682 [email p o ec ed] Dese Resea ch Ins i u e www.d i.edu Randy Bo ys S o m Peak Labo a o y Dese Resea ch Ins i u e PO Box 770799 S eamboa Sp ings, CO 80477-0799 Phone: 970/879-8796 • Fax: 970/879-7819 [email p o ec ed] Joseph R. McConnell Di ision o Hyd ologic Sciences Dese Resea ch Ins i u e 2215 Raggio Pa kway Reno, NV 89512 Phone: 775/673-7348 • Fax: 775/673-7363 [email p o ec ed] Emb y-Riddle Ae onau ical Uni e si y www.e au.edu Gulamabas G. Si jee Physical Sciences Depa men Emb y-Riddle Ae onau ical Uni e si y 600 S. Clyde Mo is Boule a d Day ona Beach, FL 32114-3900 Phone: 904/226-6711 • Fax: 904/226-6713 [email p o ec ed] John J. Oli e o add ess same as Gulamabas G. Si jee Phone: 904/226-6709 • Fax: 904/226-6713 [email p o ec ed] Founda ion o Glacie and En i onmen al Resea ch www.mines.uidaho.edu/glacie Mayna d M. Mille Founda ion o Glacie & En i onmen al Resea ch Uni e si y o Idaho 514 Eas Fi s S ee Moscow, ID 83843 Phone: 208/882-1237 • Fax: 208/882-6207 [email p o ec ed] Lance D. Mille Founda ion o Glacie & En i onmen al Resea ch 4470 No h Douglas Highway Juneau, AK 99801 Phone & Fax: 907/463-5186 [email p o ec ed] Iøisaå ik College h p://ilisag ik.co.no h-slope.ak.us Edna MacLean Iøisaå ik College PO Box 749 Ba ow, AK 99723-0749 Phone: 907/852-9101 • Fax: 907/852-9102 [email p o ec ed] Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y o Columbia Uni e si y www.ldeo.columbia.edu William M. Sme hie Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y PO Box 1000 Palisades, NY 10964-8000 Phone: 845/365-8566 • Fax: 845/365-8176 [email p o ec ed] James R. Coch an add ess same as William M. Sme hie Phone: 845/365-8396 • Fax: 845/365-8179 [email p o ec ed] Louisiana S a e Uni e si y www.lsu.edu H. Jesse Walke Depa men o Geog aphy & An h opology Louisiana S a e Uni e si y Ba on Rouge, LA 70803-4105 Phone: 225/578-6130 • Fax: 225/578-4420 [email p o ec ed] Robe H. Baumann Cen e o Ene gy S udies 120 Ene gy Cen e Louisiana S a e Uni e si y Ba on Rouge, LA 70803 Phone: 225/578-4400 • Fax: 225/578-4541 [email p o ec ed] Ma ine Biological Labo a o y www.mbl.edu B uce J. Pe e son The Ecosys ems Cen e Ma ine Biological Labo a o y Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone: 508/289-7484 • Fax: 508/457-1548 [email p o ec ed] Knu e Nadelho e add ess same as B uce J. Pe e son Phone: 508/289-7493 • Fax: 508/457-1548 [email p o ec ed] Michigan S a e Uni e si y www.msu.edu Pa ick J. Webbe Depa men o Bo any & Plan Pa hology Michigan S a e Uni e si y 100 N. Kedzie Hall Eas Lansing, MI 48824-1031 Phone: 517/355-1284 • Fax: 517/432-2150 [email p o ec ed] Robe D. Hollis e add ess same as Pa ick J. Webbe Phone: 517/432-2399 • Fax: 517/432-2150 [email p o ec ed] No he n Illinois Uni e si y www.niu.edu Ross D. Powell Depa men o Geology No he n Illinois Uni e si y 312 Da is Hall DeKalb, IL 60115-2854 Phone: 815/753-7952 • Fax: 815/753-1945 [email p o ec ed] The Ohio S a e Uni e si y www.acs.ohio-s a e.edu W. Be y Lyons By d Pola Resea ch Cen e The Ohio S a e Uni e si y 1090 Ca mack Road Columbus, OH 43210-1002 Phone: 614/688-3241 • Fax: 614/292-4697 [email p o ec ed] O egon S a e Uni e si y www.o s .edu Timo hy Boyd College o Oceanic & A mosphe ic Sciences O egon S a e Uni e si y 104 Ocean Adminis a ion Building Co allis, OR 97331-5503 Phone: 541/737-4035 • Fax: 541/737-2064 [email p o ec ed] E elyn B. She add ess same as Timo hy Boyd Phone: 541/737-4369 • Fax: 541/737-2064 [email p o ec ed] San Diego S a e Uni e si y www.sdsu.edu W. Timo hy Hushen San Diego S a e Uni e si y Founda ion— Resea ch Managemen San Diego S a e Uni e si y 5250 Campanile D i e San Diego, CA 92182 Phone: 619/594-4102 • Fax: 619/582-9164 [email p o ec ed] Douglas A. S ow Depa men o Geog aphy San Diego S a e Uni e si y 5500 Campanile D i e San Diego, CA 92182-4493 Phone: 619/594-5498 • Fax: 619/594-4938 [email p o ec ed] Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies www.sandia.go Je ey Zi zow Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies PO Box 5800, MS 0755 Albuque que, NM 87185-0755 Phone: 505/284-4446 • Fax: 505/844-0968 [email p o ec ed] ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2002 Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 3535 College Road • Sui e 101 • Fai banks, AK 99709 ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es (con inued) Smi hsonian Ins i u ion www.si.edu A on L. C owell Ancho age Museum o His o y & A Smi hsonian A c ic S udies Cen e Smi hsonian Ins i u ion 121 W. 7 h A enue Ancho age, AK 99501 Phone: 907/343-6162 • Fax: 907/343-6130 [email p o ec ed] S ephen Lo ing A c ic S udies Cen e Depa men o An h opology Smi hsonian Ins i u ion NMNH MRC-112 10 h and Cons i u ion NW Washing on, DC 20560 Phone: 202/357-4742 • Fax: 202/357-2684 [email p o ec ed] SRI In e na ional www.s i.com John D. Kelly Ionosphe ic & Space Physics G oup SRI In e na ional 333 Ra enswood A enue Menlo Pa k, CA 94025 Phone: 650/859-3749 • Fax: 650/322-2318 [email p o ec ed] Je Thaye Enginee ing & Sys ems Di ision add ess same as John D. Kelly Phone: 650/859-3557 • Fax: 650/322-2318 [email p o ec ed] Texas A&M Uni e si y www. amu.edu Da id A. B ooks College o Geosciences Texas A&M Uni e si y 3148 CAMPUS College S a ion, TX 77845-3148 Phone: 979/845-3651 • Fax: 979/845-0056 [email p o ec ed] Mahlon C. Kennicu , II Geochemical & En i onmen al Resea ch G oup Texas A&M Uni e si y 833 G aham Road College S a ion, TX 77845 Phone: 979/862-2323 • Fax: 979/862-2361 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age www.uaa.alaska.edu Bja ma S einbjo nsson Depa men o Biological Sciences Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age 3211 P o idence D i e Ancho age, AK 99508 Phone: 907/786-1366 • Fax: 907/786-4607 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks www.ua .edu Roge W. Ruess Ins i u e o A c ic Biology Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks PO Box 757000 Fai banks, AK 99775-7000 Phone: 907/474-7153 • Fax: 907/474-6967 [email p o ec ed] Ted DeLaca O ice o A c ic Resea ch Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks PO Box 757560 Fai banks, AK 99775-7560 Phone: 907/474-7314 • Fax: 907/474-1836 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Alaska S a ewide www.alaska.edu C aig E. Do man Uni e si y o Alaska S a ewide PO Box 755000 Fai banks, AK 99775-5000 Phone: 907/474-5750 • Fax: 907/474-7570 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Colo ado www.colo ado.edu Rudy J. Dich l CIRES/NSIDC Uni e si y o Colo ado Campus Box 449 Boulde , CO 80309-0449 Phone: 303/492-5532 • Fax: 303/492-2468 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Massachuse s www.umass.edu Julie B igham-G e e Depa men o Geosciences Uni e si y o Massachuse s Mo ill Science Cen e Campus Box 35820 Amhe s , MA 01003-5820 Phone: 413/545-4840 • Fax: 413/545-1200 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Miami www.miami.edu Pe e J. Minne Rosens iel School o Ma ine & A mosphe ic Science Uni e si y o Miami 4600 Rickenbacke Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Phone: 305/361-4104 • Fax: 305/361-4622 [email p o ec ed] Za e Top add ess same as Pe e J. Minne Phone: 305/361-4110 • Fax: 305/361-4911 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Neb aska-Lincoln www.unl.edu Clin on M. Rowe Depa men o Geosciences Uni e si y o Neb aska–Lincoln Bessey Hall, Room 305C Lincoln, NE 68588-0340 Phone: 402/472-1946 • Fax: 402/472-4917 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o New Hampshi e www.unh.edu Came on Wake Clima e Change Resea ch Cen e Ins i u e o he S udy o Ea h, Oceans, & Space Uni e si y o New Hampshi e 39 College Road–Mo se Hall Du ham, NH 03824-3525 Phone: 603/862-2329 • Fax: 603/862-2124 [email p o ec ed] Jack Dibb Glacie Resea ch G oup add ess same as Came on Wake Phone: 603/862-3063 • Fax: 603/862-2124 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Washing on www.washing on.edu Ronald S. Sle en Qua e na y Resea ch Cen e Uni e si y o Washing on Box 351360 Sea le, WA 98195-1360 Phone: 206/543-0571 • Fax: 206/543-3836 [email p o ec ed] Jody W. Deming School o Oceanog aphy Uni e si y o Washing on Box 357940 Sea le, WA 98195 Phone: 206/543-0845 • Fax: 206/543-0275 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison www.wisc.edu James G. Bockheim Depa men o Soil Science Uni e si y o Wisconsin–Madison 1525 Obse a o y D i e Madison, WI 53706-1299 Phone: 608/263-5903 • Fax 608/265-2595 [email p o ec ed] Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion www.whoi.edu And ey P oshu insky Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion, MS 29 Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone: 508/289-2796 • Fax: 508/457-2181 [email p o ec ed] Susumu Honjo Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion, MS 23 Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone: 508/540-1162 • Fax: 508/540-9439 [email p o ec ed] ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 2002 ARCUS • 907/474-1600 • Fax 907/474-1604 • [email p o ec ed] • www.a cus.o g Al ed Wegene Ins i u e o Pola & Ma ine Resea ch www.awi-b eme ha en.de Jö n Thiede Al ed Wegene Ins i u e o Pola & Ma ine Resea ch Columbuss asse D-27568 B eme ha en, Ge many Phone: +49/471-4831-1100 Fax: +49/471-4831-1102 [email p o ec ed] Raine Paulenz add ess, phone, & ax same as Jö n Thiede [email p o ec ed] Associa ion o Canadian Uni e si ies o No he n S udies (ACUNS) www.cybe us.ca/~acuns Robe C. Bailey Depa men o Zoology & Aqua ic Ecology Uni e si y o Wes e n On a io Biological and Geological Sciences Building London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada Phone: 519/661-4022 • Fax: 519/661-2014 [email p o ec ed] F ances Abele-Kinloch School o Public Adminis a ion Ca le on Uni e si y 1125 Colonel By D i e O awa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada Phone: 613/520-2600 ex 2553 Fax: 613/520-2551 [email p o ec ed] GEOMAR Resea ch Cen e o Ma ine Geosciences www.geoma .de Heidema ie Kassens Depa men o Paleoceanog aphy GEOMAR Resea ch Cen e o Ma ine Geosciences Wischho s asse 1-3, Geb 4 D-24148 Kiel, Ge many Phone: +49/431-6002-850 Fax: +49/431-6002-941 [email p o ec ed] McGill Uni e si y www.mcgill.ca Ma ianne S enbaek Cul u al S udies Depa men McGill Uni e si y 853 She b ooke S ee Mon eal, QC H3A 2T6 Canada Phone: 514/398-6579 • Fax: 514/398-8146 [email p o ec ed] No wegian Pola Ins i u e www.npola .no Ola O heim Pola En i onmen al Cen e No wegian Pola Ins i u e Pola miljøsen e e N-9296 T omsø, No way Phone: +47/7775-0620 • Fax: +47/7775-0501 [email p o ec ed] Pål P es ud Resea ch Depa men No wegian Pola Ins i u e Pola miljøsen e e N-9296 T omsø, No way Phone: +47/7775-0530 • Fax: +47/7775-0501 [email p o ec ed] Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e www.sp i.cam.ac.uk Kei h S. Richa ds Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e Uni e si y o Camb idge Lens ield Road CB2 1ER Camb idge, UK Phone: +44/1223-336-579 Fax: +44/1223-336-549 [email p o ec ed] William J. Mills add ess same as Kei h S. Richa ds Phone: +44/1223-336-557 Fax: +44/1223-336-549 [email p o ec ed] The Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d www.unis.no Lasse Lønnum The Uni e si y Cou ses on S alba d PO Box 156 N-9170 Longyea byen, No way Phone: +47/7902-3305 • Fax: +47/7902-3301 [email p o ec ed] T ond Dokken Depa men o Geology Uni e si y o Be gen Allég 55 N-5007 Be gen, No way Phone: +47/7902-3331 • Fax: +47/7902-3301 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia www.unbc.ca Ke in Hall Geog aphy P og am Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia 3333 Uni e si y Way P ince Geo ge, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada Phone: 250/960-5864 • Fax: 250/960-5538 [email p o ec ed] Ka he ine Pa ke Fo es y P og am add ess same as Ke in Hall Phone: 250/960-5812 • Fax: 250/960-5539 [email p o ec ed] Uni e si y o T omsø www.ui .no Ing ild B och Resea ch Depa men Uni e si y o T omsø N-9037 T omsø, No way Phone: +47/7764-4262 • Fax: +47/7764-4900 [email p o ec ed] Gei Go aas Roald Amundsen Cen e o A c ic Resea ch add ess same as Ing ild B och Phone: +47/7764-5241 • Fax: +47/7767-6672 [email p o ec ed] ARCUS In e na ional A ilia es (con inued nex column) ARCUS A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics Wo king G oup • www.a cus.o g/Logis ics/RSLWG/ wo king_g oup.h ml Pe e Schlosse , Co-chai Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y Palisades, NY Phone: 845/365-8707 • Fax: 845/365-8155 [email p o ec ed] Te y Tucke , Co-chai Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y Hano e , NH Phone: 603/646-4268 • Fax: 603/646-4644 [email p o ec ed] Julie B igham-G e e Depa men o Geosciences Uni e si y o Massachuse s, Amhe s Phone: 413/545-4840 • Fax: 413/545-1200 [email p o ec ed] Jack Dibb Glacie Resea ch G oup Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, Du ham Phone: 603/862-3063 • Fax: 603/862-2124 [email p o ec ed] Jack K use Depa men o Geosciences Uni e si y o Massachuse s, Amhe s Phone: 413/367-2240 • Fax: 413/367-0092 [email p o ec ed] Miles McPhee McPhee Resea ch Naches, WA Phone: 509/658-2575 • Fax: 509/658-2575 [email p o ec ed] C aig Nicolson Depa men o Na u al Resou ces Conse a ion Uni e si y o Massachuse s, Amhe s Phone: 413/545-3154 • Fax: 413/545-4358 [email p o ec ed] Roge W. Smi h Geophysical Ins i u e Uni e si y o Alaska, Fai banks Phone: 907/474-7416 • Fax: 907/474-5882 [email p o ec ed] Ma hew S u m Cold Regions Resea ch & Enginee ing Labo a o y F . Wainw igh , AK Phone: 907/353-5183 • Fax: 907/353-5142 [email p o ec ed] Taneil U al En i onmen al Resea ch Labo a o y Na ional Oceanic & A mosphe ic Adminis a ion (NOAA) Boulde , CO Phone: 303/497-6409 • Fax: 303/497-6978 [email p o ec ed]