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con inued on nex page
Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 3535 College Road • Sui e 101 • Fai banks, AK 99709
Ch onicles o he NSF A c ic Sciences P og am Win e 2000/2001, Volume 8 Numbe 2
Ozone Losses Inc ease Possible UV Impac s in he A c ic
by Ca hy Cahill and Elizabe h Wea he head
To al Ozone Mapping Spec ome e (TOMS) sa elli e measu emen s indica e ha o al ozone amoun s
ha e dec eased in he A c ic o e he pas wo decades. The a e age o al ozone in Ma ch 1997 is 21%
lowe han he p e-1990s Ma ch a e age ( igu e cou esy o NASA).
Eskimo sunglasses made o wood, bone,
o lea he ha e been ound in he
a chaeological assemblages o se e al a c ic
cul u es. The na ow sla s o e he eyes
p o ec he wea e om snowblindness.
These widesp ead and ancien a i ac s
indica e ha a c ic indigenous people ha e
known o gene a ions abou he ha m ul
e ec s o ul a iole (UV) adia ion.
Al hough he sun ne e ises a abo e he
a c ic ho izon, e lec ions om ice and
snow su aces can allow damaging le els o
UV o each unp o ec ed eyes and e ical
su aces such as aces, ees, and sh ubs.
Ozone (O3) in he s a osphe e shields
he Ea h om much o he des uc i e
UV adia ion, bu ecen measu emen s
in he A c ic show long- e m dec eases in
he amoun o ozone o e head— he o al
column ozone. Resea che s ha e also
no ed a downwa d end in o al column
ozone o e he mid-la i ude a eas o he
No he n Hemisphe e in all seasons.
Be o e 1996, mos s udies o a c ic
ozone showed a he small impac s in
compa ison o he e y la ge ozone losses
eco ded o e An a c ica; du ing he win-
e s o 1995–96 and 1996–97, howe e ,
esea che s ound e idence o majo ozone
losses o e he A c ic (see igu e).
In addi ion, mo e equen episodes o
ex emely low ozone le els, pa icula ly
du ing he sp ing ime, ha e been epo ed.
The in e ela ed issues o ozone deple ion
and UV exposu e in he a c ic en i on-
men p esen in e es ing esea ch chal-
lenges and a e likely o ha e se ious
human and ecosys em impac s.
The Pola “Ozone Holes”
In 1985, a eam o B i ish in es iga o s
epo ed unusually low ozone le els o e
An a c ica. Resea ch in o he cause o he
“ozone hole” implica ed haloca bons
gene a ed by human ac i i ies, pa icula ly
chlo o luo oca bons (CFCs), in ozone
deple ion. The e ec s o CFCs ha e been
concen a ed abo e An a c ica, whe e
pola s a osphe ic clouds (PSCs, see page
14) p o ide su aces on which benign
o ms o chlo ine a e con e ed in o
eac i e o ms. These eac i e o ms o
chlo ine hen apidly des oy ozone in he
p esence o sunligh . In he An a c ic, he
e y cold condi ions ha allow PSCs o
o m pe sis h ough win e in o sp ing,
main aining high le els o he eac i e
chlo ine compounds as sunligh e u ns o
he egion. In addi ion, PSCs emo e
ni ic acid and o he ni ogenous com-
pounds om he s a osphe e ha would
o he wise mode a e ozone deple ion by
eac i e chlo ine compounds.
Because he s a osphe e o e he A c-
ic isn’ as cold as i is o e he An a c ic,
he o ma ion o PSCs is mo e limi ed,
and un il ecen ly, in es iga o s assumed
ha a simila ozone hole was unlikely o e
he A c ic. Moni o ing by a pola o bi ing
sa elli e, howe e , documen ed a dec ease
240
310
380
450
520
To al DU
Ma . 71 Ma . 72 Ma . 79 Ma . 80
Ma . 93 Ma . 96 Ma . 97 Ma . 98
TOMS o al ozone
ARCTIC
2
Fea u e A icle
in o al column ozone o e he A c ic in
1993. Signi ican dec eases con inued, bu
wi h conside able in e annual a iabili y,
in he A c ic in o he 1990s.
The di e en dynamics o he a c ic
and An a c ic a mosphe es also p e en he
a c ic ozone hole om eaching he mag-
ni ude o he An a c ic ozone hole. Because
he sou he n hemisphe e has e y li le
opog aphy, he low o ai a ound he
An a c ic is p ima ily wes o eas . The
pola o ex— he egion o s ong wes e ly
winds ha su ounds he An a c ic ozone
hole—keeps he ai o e ha con inen
om mixing wi h wa me ai om mid-
la i udes and causes he ai in he cen e o
he o ex o become cold enough o PSC
o ma ion. The opog aphy o he A c ic
gene a es mo e no h o sou h ai low,
p omo ing he mixing o wa me ai in o
he pola ai mass and in oducing mo e o
he ni ogen species ha slow he des uc-
ion o ozone. The loca ion o he pola
o ex is de e mined by his low. Wa me
empe a u es mean ha PSCs a ely o m
wi hin he a c ic pola o ex du ing he
pe iod when he sun ises o e he pola
egion. When PSCs a e p esen a he
“pola sun ise,” as occu ed in Ma ch
1997, he des uc ion o ozone
accele a es, and a deepe ozone hole o ms.
F om No embe 1999 h ough Ma ch
2000, U.S., Canadian, Eu opean, Japa-
nese, and Russian esea che s collabo a ed
on he bigges ield campaign ye o mea-
su e ozone le els and changes in he a c ic
s a osphe e. The NASA-sponso ed SAGE
III Ozone Loss and Valida ion Expe imen
(SOLVE) and he E.U.-sponso ed Thi d
Eu opean S a osphe ic Expe imen on
Ozone (THESEO) made mos o he
measu emen s nea Ki una, Sweden.
Addi ional da a came om sa elli es and
a ne wo k o high-la i ude s a ions.
A he al i ude whe e PSCs occu
(10–25 km), ozone le els declined app oxi-
ma ely 60% be ween Janua y and mid-
Ma ch 2000. In addi ion, PSCs pe sis ed
signi ican ly longe in he win e o 1999–
2000 han in p e ious win e s. Se e al
lines o e idence sugges ha hese esul s
may be ela ed o he e ec s o g eenhouse
gas emissions (e.g., ca bon dioxide, me h-
ane, ni ous oxide). Al hough accumula-
ion o hese gases low in he a mosphe e
wa ms he Ea h’s su ace, hei p esence
a highe s a osphe ic al i udes ac ually
lowe s empe a u es and he e o e
enhances o ma ion o PSCs.
Le els o UV Radia ion in he A c ic
While s a osphe ic ozone luc ua ions
a e now closely moni o ed, mesoscale luc-
ua ions in UV adia ion a he su ace a e
less well unde s ood. Accu a ely es ima ing
a ia ions in UV i adiance a he su ace
is pa icula ly challenging in he A c ic,
whe e UV le els a e cu en ly being
moni o ed a app oxima ely 20 loca ions.
How much UV eaches he su ace is
con olled by he amoun o ozone in he
a mosphe e o e head, p ima ily in he
s a osphe e and o a lesse ex en in he
oposphe e. A he low sun angles ypical
o high la i udes, sunligh a e ses an
ex ended pa h h ough he oposphe e.
UV i adiance also a ies wi h local me eo-
ological and su ace physical condi ions
including cloud co e , ae osol ex inc ion,
and g ound e lec i i y o “albedo.” Fo
example, measu emen s and adia i e
ans e model alues o UV exposu e a e
d ama ically enhanced whe e he su ace
has a high UV albedo (e.g., snow) and in
he p esence o pa ial cloud co e ; his
combina ion se s up mul iple e lec ions
be ween clouds (wi h a e y high UV
albedo) and he su ace. Ae osols (e.g., pa -
icula e ca bon and sul u ) also change he
amoun and ela i e p opo ion o di ec
and di use sola (including UV) adia ion.
Because UV le els a e s ongly a ec ed by
ac o s such as clouds and albedo, clima e
change alone will al e inciden UV le els.
Impac s o UV Radia ion on Humans
and he A c ic En i onmen
The hypo hesized impac s o UV adia-
ion ha e no been ho oughly in es iga ed
in he A c ic. Ele a ed UV exposu e has well-
known e ec s on humans (e.g., sunbu n,
snowblindness, immune supp ession).
Heal h p oblems ela ed o long- e m UV
exposu e include ca a ac s, skin cance ,
and a numbe o ela ed skin diseases.
A c ic ecosys ems a e pa icula ly ul-
ne able o he e ec s o UV in sp ing,
when ozone deple ion is g ea es as young
o ganisms a e de eloping. UV e ec s can
a ec indi idual species—pa icula ly
hose a he base o he ood web—as well
as he ela i e abundance o species.
Ce ain phy oplank on species a e
especially sensi i e o UV, and changes in
hei popula ions can ami y h ough ma-
ine ecosys ems (see page 15). Cod, he -
ing, pollock, salmonids, and o he ish
species spawn in shallow wa e s, whe e la -
ae can be ully exposed o ambien adia-
ion. Ele a ed UV le els can damage hese
la ae, and a educ ion in he numbe o
la ae eaching ma u i y can ha e d as ic
e ec s on ecosys ems and ishe ies.
The ew s udies ha ha e examined
mul iple impac s o o he en i onmen al
s esso s (e.g., pollu an s, clima e change,
and wa e a ailabili y) on a c ic o ganisms
and ecosys ems indica e ha he e ec s o
hese combined wi h inc eased UV adia-
ion may be much mo e se e e han he
indi idual impac s. Many o hese s esso s
(e.g., clima e change) a e expec ed o
emain signi ican o inc ease in he A c ic
in he coming yea s.
Fo example, ecen in es iga ions
show ha UV adia ion enhances he ox-
ici y o ce ain chemical compounds, pa -
icula ly hose associa ed wi h oil spills o
pe oleum con amina ion. “Pho o-
enhanced oxici y” can se iously inju e
o kill sensi i e species. Resul s show, o
ins ance, ha 100% o shell ish emb yos
ha we e exposed o h ee-day-old spill
wa e unde UV ligh we e killed. By con-
as , only 40% o he emb yos exposed o
he same wa e unde luo escen ligh
(wi h low UV ou pu ) su e ed a ali ies.
Expec a ions o he Fu u e
Al hough mo e han 160 na ions
subsc ibe o he 1987 Mon eal P o ocol
and subsequen amendmen s manda ing
educ ions o ozone-deple ing chemicals,
se e al models indica e ha s a osphe ic
ozone le els will dec ease u he o e he
A c ic o he nex 10 o 20 yea s. Because
ozone deple ion in he A c ic is a unc ion
no only o man-made chemicals, bu also
o clima e change, i is unclea whe he o
no , unde cu en in e na ional legisla ion,
a c ic ozone le els will e u n o no mal.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see ele an
NASA (h p:// oms.gs c.nasa.go and
h p://see.gs c.nasa.go /edu/SEES), and
NOAA web si es (www.ozonelaye .
noaa.go and www.a c ic.noaa.go /).
Ca hy Cahill is an assis an p o esso o
chemis y a he Uni e si y o Alaska
Fai banks. Elizabe h Wea he head is a esea ch
associa e a he Uni e si y o Colo ado.
3
ARCSS P og am
In Sep embe 2000, NSF pe sonnel me
wi h ep esen a i es om he A c ic
Sys em Science (ARCSS) P og am in
A ling on, Vi ginia o sha e expe iences
and iden i y new oppo uni ies o indi-
idual componen s and p ojec s, and o
he en i e ARCSS P og am as i mo es
in o he mo e in eg a i e, hema ic
app oach ou lined in Towa d P edic ion
o he A c ic Sys em (ARCUS 1998). The
ARCSS Summi b ough oge he ep e-
sen a i es o he A c ic Sys em Science
(ARCSS) Commi ee (AC), componen
Science S ee ing Commi ees, Science
Managemen O ices, P ojec O ices,
and da a managemen en i ies o discuss:
• in eg a ion among cu en ARCSS
esea ch e o s and wi h ele an NSF
ini ia i es, including Biocomplexi y in
he En i onmen (see Wi ness Sp ing/
Au umn 1999) and In o ma ion
Technology Resea ch;
• da a managemen issues, including ways
o eco e olde da a and imp o e
coo dina ion in da a sha ing (see box);
• o ganiza ional s uc u es;
• mee ing coo dina ion;
• educa ion and ou each e o s; and
• eme ging in e agency and in e na ional
p og ams pe inen o ARCSS esea ch
ac i i ies.
Summi pa icipan s will be wo king
oge he o s eamline communica ion and
coo dina ion on hese issues, in pa by
inc easing hei use o In e ne esou ces.
Following he ARCSS Summi , he AC
me o ad ance planning o he ARCSS
All-Hands mee ing, en a i ely scheduled
o 20–23 Feb ua y 2002 in Sea le. The
AC discussed ways o e alua e ARCSS
P og am accomplishmen s, iden i y
impo an ques ions ha a e no cu en ly
add essed in ARCSS, and a icula e eme g-
ing esea ch issues. The esul ing epo o
ARCSS accomplishmen s and needs will
guide he o ganiza ion o he All-Hands
mee ing, wi h he goal o in eg a ing
esul s and ques ions ac oss esea ch
componen s.
Wo king wi h he Science S ee ing
Commi ees, Science Managemen
O ices, and P ojec O ices, he AC is
de eloping his p og ess epo on he
ARCSS In eg a ion web si e
ARCSS Commi ee Plans o 2002 All-Hands Mee ing
ARCSS Da a Cen e Facili a es Access
(www.a cus.o g/a css_allhands/). This
e ol ing web si e consis s o :
• idea maps ou lining he ela ionships
among a iables and key ques ions,
• s a us epo s o p og ess on measu ing
and ex apola ing a iables, and
• a ela ional g an s da abase linking spe-
ci ic ARCSS p ojec s wi h a iables.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ARCSS
web si e (www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/
sys em.h m) o con ac P og am Di ec o
Mike Ledbe e (703/292-8029; ax 703/
292-9082; [email p o ec ed]) o AC
Chai Jack K use (413/367-2240; ax 413/
367-0092; [email p o ec ed]).
Following a 1993 ecommenda ion o he ARCSS Commi ee, a cen al
ARCSS Da a Coo dina ion Cen e (ADCC) was es ablished o o e see he sub-
mission, a chi es, access, and exchange o da a gene a ed by ARCSS- unded
esea ch. The ADCC has been loca ed a he Na ional Snow and Ice Da a Cen e
(NSIDC) in Boulde , Colo ado, since 1994 (see Wi ness Sp ing 2000).
P incipal in es iga o s (PIs) unded h ough he ARCSS P og am de elop a da a
managemen plan in collabo a ion wi h he ADCC and e ain exclusi e use o hei
da a o one yea om i s collec ion. A e one yea , he ADCC eleases he da a o
o he ARCSS in es iga o s. Two yea s a e collec ion, da a become a ailable o all
o he science use s h ough he ADCC.
The Join O ice o Science Suppo (JOSS), a he Uni e si y Co po a ion o
A mosphe ic Resea ch, complemen s he ADCC by coo dina ing da a collec ion and
exchange e o s o selec ed ARCSS ield p og ams, including SHEBA (see page 7),
ATLAS (see page 5), and NATEX (see page 6), du ing and immedia ely a e he
ield ac i i ies. JOSS (www.joss.uca .edu/a css) p o ides in e im p ojec da a a chi e
access and coo dina es he ans e o da a o he inal a chi e a ADCC.
In ecen mon hs, ADCC s a ha e p ocessed a backlog o mo e han 50 pend-
ing Di ec o y In e change Fo ma (DIF) o ARCSS da a se s, allowing he da a o
be accep ed o publica ion on he Global Change Mas e Di ec o y web si e (h p://
gcmd.gs c.nasa.go ), adminis e ed by NASA. O he new de elopmen s a he
ADCC include:
• upg ades o he ADCC web and da a se e ha dwa e ha will enhance da a
e ie al and on-line da a s o age capaci y,
• a edesigned sea chable on-line da a ca alog, and
• a sea chable ARCSS Add ess Book, wi h in o ma ion on o e 400 ARCSS in es i-
ga o s.
Da a se s ecen ly added o he ADCC a chi e include:
• SCICEX hyd og aphic da a (see Wi ness Sp ing 1998),
• P e iously classi ied op ical band econnaissance image y o he SHEBA ield si e
(see page 7),
• R-ARCTICNET, a egional hyd ological da a ne wo k om a ound he A c ic
(a ailable on CD-ROM).
In addi ion, he ADCC s a is explo ing ways o use Geog aphic In o ma ion
Sys ems (GIS, see page 17) o:
• geo e e ence a chi ed da a se s,
• isualize da a se loca ions and pa e ns,
• spa ially combine and subse da a se s, and
• in eg a e mul iple hemes inhe en in he da a.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ADCC web si e (h p://a css.colo ado.edu), o
con ac ADCC Manage Rudy Dich l in Boulde , CO (303/492-5532; ax 303/
492-2468; [email p o ec ed]).
4
Along his o y o bila e al collabo a ion
be ween Russia and he U.S. in he
paleosciences de i es om a sha ed in e es
in he his o y o he Be ingian subcon i-
nen . Scien is s wo king on bo h sides o
he Be ing S ai ook immedia e ad an-
age o he changing poli ics o he la e
1980s and ea ly 1990s o de elop join
p ojec s. An ea lie componen o he
ARCSS P og am, Paleoclima es om A c-
ic Lakes and Es ua ies (PALE; see Wi ness
Sp ing 1998), was in ol ed om i s incep-
ion in coope a i e s udies wi h Russian
Qua e na y scien is s, including wo k on
he ecosys em, clima e, and glacial his o-
ies o no heas e n Sibe ia (wes e n
Be ingia). These in es iga ions ha e con-
ibu ed bo h o mally and in o mally o
se e al in e na ional p og ams, such as
BIOME 6000 ( he Global Paleo ege a ion
P ojec , an IGBP e o ) and i s a c ic
componen PAIN (a join Eu opean-
Russian-U.S. esea ch p ojec co- unded by
Paleoen i onmen al A c ic Science
[PARCS]), and Ci cumA c ic Paleo-En i on-
men s (CAPE; he ci cuma c ic elemen o
IGBP-PAGES; see Wi ness Au umn 1998).
All o hese e o s seek o achie e an
in eg a ed ci cuma c ic da a se , which is
i al o concep ual and nume ical model-
ing o bo h clima e change and he likely
esponses o e es ial and ma ine sys ems.
Th ee p ojec s a e cu en ly unde way in
no heas e n Sibe ia, unded h ough he
NSF Ea h Sys em His o y (ESH) P o-
g am unde he PARCS o RAISE (see
page 5) ini ia i es.
Lake El’gygy gyn (Lake E)
In 1998, Russian, U.S., and Ge man
collabo a o s e ie ed he longes lacus-
ine sedimen eco d in he A c ic o da e
(400,000 yea s) om Lake El’gygy gyn.
Lake E lies in an impac c a e in no h-
eas e n Sibe ia, ou side glacial limi s in
uplands abo e p esen eeline. Ini ial
seismic da a indica e app oxima ely 370 m
o sedimen in he basin, sugges ing a
possible Plio-Pleis ocene age.
Field s udies in 2000 ha e p o ided
da a impo an o he in e p e a ion o he
1998 co e. De ailed s udies o he
sedimen ology and mode n and down-
co e s udies o he pollen, dia oms, and
geochemis y a e in p og ess. The pollen
eco d clea ly indica es in e glacial and
ull-glacial ex emes, bu also shows
pe iods (e.g., mid-la e Pleis ocene) o
in e media e condi ions. Fu he , a ious
ime-se ies sugges ha he e may be
co ela ion wi h he G eenland Ice Shee
P ojec 2 (GISP2) ice-co e da a (see
Wi ness Sp ing 1997), and hence possible
eleconnec ions wi h he No h A lan ic.
The pollen eco d o he las in e gla-
cial maximum, conside ed o be a pa icu-
la ly wa m pe iod in he A c ic, is no
cha ac e ized by ee pollen, sugges ing
ha summe condi ions we e ela i ely
cool in no h-cen al Chuko ka.
Pa icipan s: J. B igham-G e e, M. Nolan,
and C. Cosby (U.S.); O. Glushko a, P. Minyuk,
A. Smi no , and G. Fede o (Russia); F. Niessen,
B. Wagne , C. Kopsch, and M. Ap elbaum (Ge many).
Paleoclima e and Paleo ege a ion o
Wes e n Be ingia
This U.S.-Russia collabo a i e p ojec
examines he spa ial and empo al pa e ns
o change in la e Qua e na y ege a ion
and clima es wi h he aim o unde s and-
ing he e olu ion o he mode n ege a-
ion-clima e sys em and he egional- o-
global scale mechanisms esponsible o
pas clima e changes. An impo an con i-
bu ion o his p ojec is he in eg a ion o
da a om Russia and eas e n Be ingia
(Alaska). A his la ge scale, he e a e
clea ly he e ogeneous pa e ns in egional
clima es and in he esponse o e es ial
ecosys ems ac oss Be ingia o hemisphe ic
o global-scale clima ic change du ing he
pas 21,000 yea s. Such egional a ia ions
sugges ha we should expec nei he a
uni o m esponse ac oss he A c ic o
majo clima e o cings, no e en simila i y
wi hin a single wa e shed, gi en he huge
ex en o many Be ingian i e sys ems.
Ano he key inding is ha du ing he
la e Pleis ocene (Ka ginskii) in e s ade—
he in e glacial pe iod ca. 50,000–30,000
be o e p esen — apid luc ua ions be-
ween und a and o es occu ed in wes -
e n Be ingia, sugges ing ha he in e al
was cha ac e ized by clima ic “ licke ing.”
Al hough he ch onology is cu en ly
no adequa e o make a de ini e co ela-
ion wi h apid clima e change, hese
esul s and hose om Lake E imply ha
he e ha e been simila apid clima e
changes in he No h Paci ic. This wo k has
been suppo ed by he Russian Founda ion
o Fundamen al Resea ch, PALE/PARCS,
and he Na ional Geog aphic Socie y.
Pa icipan s: P.M. Ande son, L. B ubake , C. Mock,
and P. Ba lein (U.S.); A. Lozhkin, O. Glushko a,
O. G inenko, A. Ko o , and M. T umpe (Russia).
The Glacial and Sea Le el His o y o
W angel Island, No heas Sibe ia
The p esence o a ma ine-based Eas
Sibe ian Ice Shee (ESIS) du ing he la e
Qua e na y is con o e sial, bu such an
ice shee has been included in he ice-co e
da a used in many paleoclima e model
simula ions o he las glacial maximum.
Modeling sponso ed by PALE/PARCS
con i ms ha an ESIS would ha e had a
signi ican e ec on downwind clima e
(e.g., in he a ea o he Be ing Land
B idge). To da e, he e has been li le
in es iga ion o glacial geology and sea-
le el his o y along he p oposed ice shee ’s
eas e n ma gin ha would con i m o
e u e i s pas exis ence. De ailed ield
in es iga ions will p o ide he i s
nume ical ch onology o glacia ion and
sea-le el luc ua ions. Du ing he 2000
ield season, esea che s collec ed mo e
han 85 samples o adioca bon, amino
acid, cosmogenic iso opes, pollen, and
mic o- and mac o aunal iden i ica ion.
Ma ine sedimen , up o 40 m abo e sea
le el and 15 km inland, was ecognized on
he no he n und a and may co ela e
wi h he no hwes e n Alaska sea-le el
ansg essions.
Pa icipan s: L. Gual ie i, P.M. Ande son, J.
B igham-G e e (U.S.), S. Va anyan (Russia).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he PARCS
web si e (www.ngdc.noaa.go /paleo/pa cs/
index.h ml), o con ac Ma y Edwa ds in
T ondheim, No way (+47/7359-1915; ax
+47/7359-1878; [email p o ec ed].
no) o Mike Re elle in Lewis on, ME
(207/786-6155; ax 207/786-8334;
[email p o ec ed]).
In e na ional Collabo a ion in he Paleosciences:
The Be ingian Connec ion
ARCSS P og am
5
ARCSS P og am
RAISE Takes S eps o Imp o e U.S.-Russian Collabo a ion
The annual mee ing o he Russian-
Ame ican Ini ia i e on Shel -Land
En i onmen s in he A c ic (RAISE)
In e na ional S ee ing Commi ee and
P incipal In es iga o s con ened in
No embe 2000 in Sea le, Washing on.
The objec i es o he mee ing we e:
• o p o ide in o ma ion on exis ing and
planned U.S.-Russian collabo a i e
esea ch in he Russian A c ic o he
Minis y o Indus y, Science, and
Technologies and he Academy o
Sciences, agencies ha empowe a c ic
science in Russia;
• o p o ide in o ma ion necessa y o
Ame ican scien is s o gain pe mission
o coope a i e esea ch in he Russian
A c ic, a ange logis ics, and add ess
sa e y and inancial equi emen s. The
goal is o es ablish clea p o ocols o
Ame ican and Russian scien is s o ease
access, logis ics, and anspo o sam-
ples o join scien i ic p og ams; and
• o ake s ock o he achie emen s and
science di ec ions o RAISE- unded
scien is s, e alua ing he po en ial o
in eg a e hei esea ch.
The chai s o he S ee ing Commi ees
o he majo ARCSS p ojec s we e in i ed,
and Te y Chapin (ATLAS/LAII; see box
his page), Jackie G ebmeie (SBI; see page
9), and James Mo ison (SEARCH; see
page 8) we e able o a end he mee ing.
Russian pa icipan s we e Vasily Zhi ago
(Head o he Di ision o Science o Ea h
and he Wo ld Ocean; Minis y o Indus-
y, Science, and Technologies o he Rus-
sian Fede a ion); Vladimi Yakukhin
(Chie Expe o he A c ic, An a c ic and
Ma ine Depa men , o Roshyd ome );
and Bo is Le in (Ea h Sciences Depa -
men Chie o he Russian Founda ion o
Basic Resea ch). Ma ianna Voe odskaya
p o ided in o ma ion on he p og ams o
he U.S. Ci ilian Resea ch and De elop-
men Founda ion.
Lee Coope was elec ed o se e as he
new Chai o he U.S. pa o he RAISE
In e na ional S ee ing Commi ee. O he
U.S. membe s a e S e e Fo man, Si pa
Hakkinen, B uce Pe e son, And ey
P oshu insky, Vladimi Romano sky, and
La y Smi h. Russian membe s o he
Commi ee a e Igo Melniko (Co-Chai ),
Se gey P yamiko (Co-Chai ), Vladimi
Pi ulko, Nikolai Romano skiy, and Igo
Semile o . Two posi ions a e s ill acan .
Russian membe s o he S ee ing Com-
mi ee a e o ganizing he ECOARCTIC-
2001 in e na ional expedi ion o he wes -
e n Russian A c ic in Augus 2001 aboa d
he pola esea ch essel Akademik
Fedo o . Subsequen expedi ions a e
planned o 2002 and 2003. In e es ed
ins i u ions and scien is s a e in i ed o
pa icipa e (see www.aa i.nw. u/
ecoa c ic2001/p og am.h ml).
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou RAISE,
con ac Lee Coope in Knox ille, TN
(865/974-2990; ax 865/974-3067;
[email p o ec ed]) o Vladimi Roman-
o sky in Fai banks, AK (907/474-7459;
ax 907/474-7290; [email p o ec ed]).
LAII Managemen Emphasizes Syn hesis
An impo an goal o he Land A mosphe e Ice In e ac ions (LAII) P og am
Science Managemen O ice (SMO) is o p omo e c oss-syn hesis among i s
ex ended amily o a c ic esea ch p ojec s. The cu en majo LAII p ojec s a e:
• A c ic T ansi ions in he Land-A mosphe e Sys em (ATLAS), and
• he No h Ame ican po ion o he In e na ional Tund a Expe imen (ITEX;
see page 6).
The LAII SMO will now assis in he managemen o he Russian-Ame ican
Ini ia i e on Shel -Land En i onmen s in he A c ic (RAISE; see a icle his page) as
well as smalle e es ial p ojec s ha ha e been unded independen ly o hese la ge
p og ams o in es iga e a ange o opics ele an o LAII goals (see www.laii.ua .edu).
The nex LAII All-Hands mee ing will be held in Sal Lake Ci y, U ah 14–17
No embe 2001. This mee ing will coincide wi h a mee ing o he ARCSS Ocean-
A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions P og am (see page 7), so ha esea che s om bo h p o-
g ams can pa icipa e in join discussions abou opics such as land-ocean hyd ologic
linkages. The i s wo days o he LAII mee ing will be de o ed o sepa a e mee ings
o ATLAS, ITEX, and RAISE esea che s; scien is s om independen ly unded
p ojec s will join one o hese g oups. Du ing he second hal o he ou -day mee -
ing, LAII esea che s will mee in plena y o hea and discuss syn hesis epo s om
each g oup and o plan o he u u e, including:
• p epa a ion o he A c ic Sys em Science (ARCSS) All-Hands mee ing scheduled
o Feb ua y 2002,
• planning o LAII syn hesis, and
• planning o he nex edi ion o he LAII Science Plan.
As he ARCSS P og am shi s om a se ies o esea ch componen s and p ojec s
o a mo e hema ic app oach (see page 3), he a c ic esea ch communi y will be
add essing b oade , mo e in e disciplina y issues, such as:
• biogeochemical and hyd ologic eedbacks o he clima e sys em,
• a c ic-global connec ions,
• de ec ion o change in he A c ic, and
• human in e ac ions wi h he a c ic sys em.
The No embe 2001 LAII All-Hands mee ing will be an impo an oppo uni y
o LAII scien is s o discuss:
• how bes o in eg a e and syn hesize cu en esea ch unded unde LAII, and
• how e es ial-a mosphe ic esea ch can bes con ibu e o A c ic Sys em Science
in he u u e.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Pa icia A. Ande son in Fai banks, AK (907/474-
5415; ax 907/474-6722; [email p o ec ed]; www.cgc.ua .edu).

6
ITEX Builds on Fi s Decade, Renews Di ec ion
Abisko Acco d
(25 Sep embe 2000)
Fu he o discussions a he 10 h ITEX mee ing in Abisko, Swedish Lapland, be ween 23-25
Sep embe 2000, he mee ing pa icipan s he eby ea i m ou commi men o
he con inua ion and u he de elopmen o he In e na ional Tund a Expe imen (ITEX).
We ag ee ha :
• The o iginal ITEX Resolu ion d a ed a he Kellogg Biological S a ion, Michigan S a e
Uni e si y, USA, on 4 Decembe 1990 emains alid.
• This Acco d he e o e supplemen s and ex ends (bu does no eplace) he 1990 Resolu ion.
• ITEX is a wo king, iable, and dynamic in e na ional p og am.
• We will egula ly e-e alua e he me hods and goals o ITEX ela i e o cu en esea ch
de elopmen s and, whe e necessa y, espond by modi ying ou ac i i ies acco dingly.
• The scope o ITEX includes he und a biome in gene al; i is no , he e o e, es ic ed o
a c ic und a bu igh ully inco po a es alpine and An a c ic und as (in e alia he
connec ion be ween ITEX and Regional Sensi i i y o Clima e Change in An a c ic
Te es ial and Limne ic Ecosys ems (RiSCC).
Key ace s o ITEX a e en yea s include:
• he success ul de elopmen and main enance o an in e na ional ne wo k o esea ch si es
in he und a biome;
• he con inued use o common expe imen s and p o ocols o imp o e unde s anding o
global change impac s upon biological p ocesses in und a ecosys ems;
• he aining and in e na ional exchange o young esea che s (g adua e and unde g adua e);
• a con inued ocus upon biological esponses o en i onmen a he le el o he species and
unc ional g oup;
• inc easing emphasis upon popula ion and communi y dynamics and medium- o longe -
e m sys em esponses o change;
• inc easing emphasis upon me a-analy ical echniques, de elopmen o da abases, and
ecological modelling; and
• ini ia ion o ad iso y ac i i ies in ela ion o in e na ional moni o ing ne wo ks and
scien i ic agencies (such as Conse a ion o A c ic Flo a and Fauna [CAFF] o he A c ic
Council [see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999] and he Newsle e o he Global Change in
Te es ial Ecosys ems Co e P ojec o IGBP (In e na ional Geosphe e-Biosphe e
P og amme [GCTE News]).
We a e commi ed o:
• e aining a lexible app oach ha allows o de elopmen o new esea ch ini ia i es,
bu wi h a co e o manipula ion and moni o ing ac i i ies a indi idual si es;
• explo ing he ela ionship be ween species-speci ic esponses o en i onmen al change,
and how hese a e modula ed by communi y and si e cha ac e is ics, and eedbacks on
u he change;
• e alua ing ITEX in es iga ions wi hin he con ex o b oade spa ial scales, longe empo al
scales, and highe ophic le els;
• explo ing p agma ic app oaches o long- e m moni o ing and measu emen , designed
o quan i y and dis inguish be ween (i) in e -annual a iabili y in sys em s a e, and
(ii) longe - e m di ec ional changes;
• de elopmen and implemen a ion o an app op ia e p o ocol o he exchange o ITEX da a
among pa icipan s and he b oade communi y;
• de elopmen o hema ic g oups ocused upon speci ic aspec s o clima e change impac s;
• de elopmen o p ocedu es o sample collec ion, sha ing and/o common analysis;
• egula mee ings (yea ly o biennial) wi h speci ic hemes and p og ess epo s;
• dissemina ion o da a and esea ch esul s o he b oade communi y;
• de elopmen o a s ong and ac i e S ee ing Commi ee ha will p o ide leade ship and
con inui y and ha will conduc business acco ding o a se o by-laws.
ARCSS P og am
The In e na ional Tund a Expe imen
(ITEX) held i s en h All-Scien is s
Wo kshop, ITEX in he New Millennium,
in Abisko, Swedish Lapland in Sep embe
2000. Following p og ess epo s and pos -
e s desc ibing en yea s o ITEX esea ch,
pa icipan s ook he oppo uni y o assess
he need and na u e o con inuing esea ch
di ec ions. They add essed cu en issues
including expe imen al me hods, da abase
managemen and da a sha ing, scaling up,
and he ela ionship be ween ITEX and
o he in e na ional ini ia i es and unding.
The plena y coo dina ion o hese ses-
sions, led by ITEX Chai Philip Wookey
(Uni e si y o Uppsala), esul ed in he
Abisko Acco d (see box). This acco d
builds on he ITEX Resolu ion om he
ounding mee ing o ITEX held in Michi-
gan in Decembe 1990 (A c ic and Alpine
Resea ch 23[1]:125). The new acco d is
seen as a bluep in and a pla o m o
u u e de elopmen s in he p og am.
The Abisko wo kshop was o ganized
by a commi ee chai ed by Ul Molau
(Gö ebo g Uni e si y) and hos ed by
Te y Callaghan, Di ec o o he Abisko
Scien i ic Resea ch S a ion.
While a Abisko, he U.S. membe s o
ITEX me wi h P og am O ice s Tom
Pyle and Michael Ledbe e om he NSF
O ice o Pola P og ams o discuss
p og ess wi hin NATEX (No h Ame ican
Tund a Expe imen ) and o s ess he need
o a chi ing and sha ing o da a. NATEX
held an ITEX syn hesis wo kshop on plan
communi y change in Boulde , Colo ado
in Feb ua y 2001. Fo mo e in o ma ion,
see www.l e .ua .edu/~bec u/ITEX_
Wo kshop_Welcome.h ml.
The 11 h mee ing o ITEX is sched-
uled o 28 Sep embe –1 Oc obe 2001
a Finse in alpine No way. Ø jan To land
(Ag icul u al Uni e si y o No way) will
hos he mee ing. Fo mo e in o ma ion,
see www.nlh.no/ibn/i ex2001.
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou ITEX,
see he web si es a he Sec e a ia a he
Danish Pola Cen e (www.dpc.dk/
NSNITEX/S a .h ml) and Gö ebo g Uni-
e si y (www.sys bo . gu.se/ esea ch/
ITEX/i ex.h ml).
7
ARCSS P og am
OAII
In he pas six mon hs, OAII has scheduled he nex All-Hands mee ing, upda ed
he OAII P ospec us and Science Plan, and made conside able p og ess on he
Shel -Basin In e ac ions (SBI) p ojec (see page 9), he Su ace Hea Budge o he
A c ic Ocean (SHEBA) p ojec (see a icle his page), and he S udy o En i on-
men al Change (SEARCH; see page 8).
SEARCH has g own o become a ans-ARCSS p og am and is de eloping in o
a la ge in e agency in e na ional p og am. The SEARCH Science Plan is a ailable,
and se e al wo kshops a e scheduled, including wo ha ha e been unded as incu-
ba ion ac i i ies unde he NSF Biocomplexi y Ini ia i e.
The upda ed OAII P ospec us and Science Plan is unde going inal edi ing. I is
pos ed on he OAII web si e o allow o communi y inpu be o e publica ion in
ea ly 2001. The web-si e e sion o he epo will con inue o be upda ed as com-
men s a e ecei ed.
In Oc obe 2000, he OAII Science S ee ing Commi ee (SSC) me and ag eed:
• o inc ease ou each ac i i ies; and
• o show how aspec s o OAII esea ch could i unde NSF’s Biocomplexi y
and In o ma ion Technology ini ia i es.
The nex OAII All-Hands mee ing will ake place 14–16 No embe 2001
in Sal Lake Ci y, U ah. The agenda includes:
• summa ies o ecen esul s o OAII and companion p og ams; and
• iden i ica ion o gaps in knowledge o how he a c ic sys em esponds o
and in luences clima e change.
This mee ing will also p o ide in o ma ion o he 2002 ARCSS-wide All-Hands
mee ing. Bo h mee ings will play a c ucial ole in eo ganizing he s uc u e o he
ARCSS P og am o accommoda e i s g ow h wi h a en ion o c oss-cu ing he-
ma ic esea ch ques ions.
New membe s o he OAII SSC a e Hajo Eicken, Robie Macdonald, and Tom
Delwo h, eplacing Don Pe o ich, Tom Weinga ne , and And ew Wea e .
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he OAII web si e (h p://a css-oaii.hpl.umces.edu),
o con ac Lou Codispo i o Jane Hawkey a he Uni e si y o Ma yland’s Ho n
Poin Labo a o y (410/221-8479; ax 410/221-8490; [email p o ec ed],
hawkey @hpl.umces.edu).
SHEBA Phase III Applies Field Da a o Clima e Models
In 1997–98, he Su ace Hea Budge o
he A c ic Ocean (SHEBA) conduc ed
a yea -long ield expe imen in he A c ic
Ocean, esul ing in a comp ehensi e da a
se ha documen s he uppe ocean, sea
ice, and a mosphe e in a single column o
he a c ic clima e sys em (see Wi ness
Sp ing 2000). The goals o SHEBA a e:
• o imp o e simula ions o he A c ic
in global clima e models, and
• o imp o e ou capabili y o moni o
a c ic clima e using sa elli e emo e-
sensing da a.
Phase II o SHEBA (1997–2000) saw
he es ablishmen and ini ial analysis o
he ield da a. These da a a e a ailable
om he Join O ice o Science Suppo
(JOSS; see page 3).
Publica ions esul ing om SHEBA
Phases I and II ha e appea ed in he Jou -
nal o Geophysical Resea ch, EOS, Jou nal
o Clima e, and he Bulle in o he Ame i-
can Me eo ological Socie y. Manusc ip s a e
now unde e iew o a special olume o
he Jou nal o Geophysical Resea ch-Oceans
ha emphasizes SHEBA Phase II s udies.
Publica ion is planned o 2001.
The inal phase o SHEBA began in
Sp ing 2000. Phase III consis s o 17 mul i-
in es iga o p ojec s, ocused on using he
SHEBA da a se s o s udy clima e eed-
back p ocesses and mechanisms in he
A c ic, and applying he new knowledge o
imp o e global clima e models and clima e
moni o ing by sa elli e emo e sensing.
Phase III p incipal in es iga o s (PIs)
me a he Na ional Cen e o A mo-
sphe ic Resea ch in Boulde , Colo ado in
Oc obe 2000 o conside how he 17
p ojec s and he exis ing da a se s would
achie e he o e all goals o SHEBA. The
PIs iden i ied oppo uni ies o accele a e
p og ess and enhance esul s, including:
• c ea e in eg a ed da a se s o suppo
modeling expe imen s;
• seek addi ional da a se s o ill a ew gaps
ha ha e been iden i ied;
• collabo a e on model in e compa ison
s udies and single-column (ocean-a mo-
sphe e-ice) model expe imen s o e he
annual cycle;
• collabo a e on case s udies d awn om
he SHEBA expe imen al pe iod (e.g.,
he la e-July s o m e en , cloud/bound-
a y laye / adia ion case s udies using
a mosphe ic models);
• con inue and enhance PIs’ e o s o
se e as ambassado s o communi y
clima e modeling p og ams, such as
he Communi y Clima e Sys em Model
(CCSM) P ojec and he A c ic Regional
Model In e compa ison P ojec
(ARCMIP), o assu e ha SHEBA
esul s a e inco po a ed in o he leading
clima e models; and
• de elop collabo a i e pape s o
publica ion.
SHEBA PIs will mee again in ea ly
Summe 2001 in Boulde . SHEBA da a
ha e al eady made impo an con ibu ions
o global models. The sea-ice and a mo-
sphe e componen s o he CCSM ha e
been e alua ed and modi ied pa ly on he
basis o SHEBA da a, h ough he ac i i ies
o he CCSM Pola Clima e Wo king
G oup (see www.ccsm.uca .edu). SHEBA
da a a e also being used in he GEWEX
Cloud Sys em S udy (see h p://paos.
colo ado. edu/~cu yja/wg5/home.h ml)
and he ARCMIP (see h p://ci es.
colo ado.edu/lynch/a cmip).
Fo addi ional in o ma ion, see he
SHEBA web si e (h p://sheba.apl.
washing on. edu) o con ac Richa d Mo i z
in Sea le, WA (206/543-8023; ax 206/616-
3142; [email p o ec ed]).
8
ARCSS P og am
De elopmen o he S udy o
En i onmen al A c ic Change
(SEARCH) P og am has con inued on
se e al on s, including comple ion o he
SEARCH Science Plan, p epa a ion o
in e agency plans o SEARCH- ela ed
ac i i ies in 2001 and 2002, and de elop-
men o ela ions be ween SEARCH and
in e na ional and na ional p og ams.
SSC Ac i i ies
The SEARCH Science S ee ing Com-
mi ee (SSC) me in July and Decembe
2000 o make o ganiza ional changes and
wo k on he Science Plan (see h p://psc.
apl.washing on.edu/sea ch/index.h ml).
The SEARCH SSC membe ship now
includes Ve a Alexande (Uni e si y o
Alaska), Lou Codispo i (Ho n Poin
Labo a o y, Ma yland), Tom Delwo h
(Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Labo a o y,
New Je sey), Bob Dickson (Cen e o
En i onmen , Fishe ies, and Aquacul u e
Science, U.K.), Hajo Eicken (Uni e si y o
Alaska), Jackie G ebmeie (Uni e si y o
Tennessee), Jack K use (Uni e si y o
Massachuse s and Uni e si y o Alaska),
Jamie Mo ison (Uni e si y o Washing-
on), Jim O e land (Paci ic Ma ine En i-
onmen al Labo a o y, Washing on),
Jona han O e peck (Uni e si y o A i-
zona), Pe e Schlosse (Lamon -Dohe y
Ea h Obse a o y, New Yo k), Ma k
Se eze (Uni e si y o Colo ado), and John
Walsh (Uni e si y o Illinois).
In e agency Wo king G oup
The SEARCH In e agency Wo king
G oup (IWG; see Wi ness Sp ing 2000)
has been mee ing mon hly o de elop
coope a i e agency a angemen s o
SEARCH esea ch in FY 2001 and 2002.
Because o e all budge s a e essen ially
ixed o hese yea s, he ag eemen s ocus
on coo dina ing exis ing esea ch ac i i ies,
wi h some unds ea ma ked o new plan-
ning ac i i ies. The IWG mee ing in Janu-
a y 2000 ocused on an in e agency plan
o new esea ch in 2003. ARCUS pub-
lished a SEARCH b ochu e o he IWG.
Links o Na ional P og ams/Ini ia i es
The U.S. componen o he Clima e
Va iabili y and P edic abili y P og am
(CLIVAR) has o mally app o ed making
SEARCH an elemen o CLIVAR. A
CLIVAR-SEARCH Wo king G oup is
being o med, and a desc ip ion o
SEARCH has been included in he
CLIVAR implemen a ion plan.
An NSF awa d o he SEARCH
Biocomplexi y Incuba ion ac i i y will aid
SEARCH planning e o s in he a eas o
biology and human dimensions. A s ee ing
g oup me in Janua y 2001 o plan he
i s o wo wo kshops ocusing on ela-
ionships among he changing a c ic
en i onmen , ecosys ems, and socie y. In
addi ion o membe s o he SEARCH
SSC, he s ee ing g oup includes Te y
Chapin (Uni e si y o Alaska), Glen Co a
(Old Dominion Uni e si y), and Pa
Wheele (O egon S a e Uni e si y).
Links o In e na ional P og ams
Ma k Se eze and Jamie Mo ison
a ended he Sep embe 2000 A c ic
Hyd ology wo kshop in San a Ba ba a,
Cali o nia. The hyd ology esea ch plan
eme ging om his e o will complemen
SEARCH ac i i ies and p o ided ma e ial
o he SEARCH Science Plan.
Se e al membe s o he SEARCH SSC
and IWG a ended he A c ic and Suba c-
ic Ocean Fluxes (ASOF; see page 23)
mee ing in No way in Sep embe 2000.
ASOF e o s o moni o he luxes
h ough he majo s ai s connec ing he
A c ic Ocean o he A lan ic and Paci ic
will con ibu e o SEARCH objec i es
ela ed o unde s anding he con ols on
global he mohaline ci cula ion.
In Oc obe 2000, Ma k Se eze and
Jamie Mo ison a ended he A c ic Cli-
ma e Sys em/Clima e in he C yosphe e
(ACSYS/CliC) mee ing in Kiel, Ge many.
ACSYS/CliC, backed by he Wo ld Cli-
ma e Resea ch P og am, sha es many goals
wi h SEARCH, is a is he ela ion o he
a c ic en i onmen o global change.
While ACSYS/CliC is mo e gene al, i has
a ocus on he c yosphe e and sha es wi h
SEARCH he need o long- e m obse a-
ions. SEARCH and ACSYS/CliC ha e
ag eed o es ablish an ag eemen o coop-
e a e o a oid duplica ion o e o , while
ensu ing ha he impo an ace s o
change in he A c ic a e obse ed.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he
SEARCH web si e (h p://psc.apl.
washing on.edu/sea ch), o con ac Jamie
Mo ison in Sea le, WA (206/543-1394;
ax 206/616-3142; mo ison@apl.
washing on.edu).
SEARCH Resea ch Oppo uni ies Eme ging
The A c ic Oscilla ion (AO) is he dominan pa e n o a mosphe ic a iabili y o he No he n Hemisphe e. The le
panel shows condi ions associa ed wi h a high AO index, while he igh shows he low index s a e. The AO index, which
is highly co ela ed wi h su ace ai empe a u es o e he hemisphe e, has been ising since he mid-1960s. De eloping a
u he unde s anding o he AO as an a c ic-wide phenomenon o decadal and/o global change is a majo objec i e o
he SEARCH p og am ( igu es cou esy o D. Thompson, M. Wallace, and K. Dewa ).
cold
cold
less cold s a osphe e
weake
ade
winds
wa m, we
S
TO
R
M
S
colde s a osphe e
s onge
ade winds
cold
d y
9
The o e all goal o he Wes e n A c ic
Shel -Basin In e ac ions (SBI) p ojec
is o imp o e unde s anding o he
physical and biogeochemical connec ions
among he a c ic shel es, slopes, and
deep basins ha could be in luenced by
global change.
SBI is mo ing in o he inal yea o
e ospec i e, modeling, and oppo unis ic
sampling s udies in he Chukchi and
Beau o seas. Resul s o SBI Phase I ha
will di ec he Phase II ield e o include:
• Spa ial and empo al g adien s in wa e
column chlo ophyll, nu ien s, zoo-
plank on, and ben hic auna indica e
seasonally high s anding s ock alues
in spa ially concen a ed egions which
may be impac ed by a ying p ocesses
associa ed wi h changing ice condi ions.
• Iden i ied sou ces and pa hways o
he ans e o o ganic ma e om he
wes e n shel es o a c ic basins include
dissol ed o ganic ca bon om i e s,
ans o ma ions o shel -de i ed ca bon
by sedimen s and subsequen elease
in o halocline wa e s, and shel -de i ed
pa icula e and dissol ed o ganic ca bon
ad ec ed om shel o basin.
• Likely key physical p ocesses o shel -
basin exchange include local anspo
ac oss he shel , eddies, cu en s along
he slope bounda y, and anspo
h ough canyons.
• Paleoceanog aphic s udies o co es
indica e signi ican a iabili y in ca bon
p oduc i i y and deposi ion a he ou e
slope egion du ing he pas 1,000 o
10,000 yea s, indica ing changes in
seawa e and pack-ice condi ions.
• Modeling indica es ha dense wa e is
ca ied p ima ily by small-scale eddies,
s ee ed by cu en s and ba hyme y,
ac oss he shel and slope o he
Chukchi Sea. Models also sugges pas
and u u e shi s in ice/ocean condi ions
coinciden wi h a ying sea-le el
p essu e associa ed wi h A c ic
Oscilla ion e en s.
• The obse ed in e annual a iabili y in
mon hly mean win e densi y in he
Be ing S ai co esponds o a a iabili y
o he equilib ium dep h o he Paci ic
wa e wi hin he A c ic Ocean halocline
o 80 m.
ARCSS P og am
in he ood web ha would esul om
ice co e and hyd og aphic changes
a ec ing emine aliza ion o o ganic
ma e , changes in ecycling e iciency,
and biogeochemical luxes.
The SBI Phase II Field Implemen a ion
Plan ou lines a combina ion o ime-se ies
moo ings and seasonal hyd obiochemical
su eys in suppo o he majo seasonal
biogeochemical, biological, and physical
p ocess s udies, as well as modeling e o s,
a app op ia e ime and space scales.
Mesoscale, in e disciplina y su ey, and
p ocess s udies conduc ed ac oss he shel
and slope egions du ing a ious seasons
will be c i ical o unde s anding bio-
geochemical and physical p ocesses occu -
ing o e ime and space scales ele an o
in e p e ing annual and in e annual
changes in he sys em.
The SBI II ield p og am will include
ou p ocess-o ien ed c uises in May/June
and July/Augus 2002 and 2004. Al e na e
yea s, 2003 and 2005, will include
educed ield p og ams o c i ical ime-
dependen measu emen s essen ial o
in e p e ing p ocesses ele an o shel -
basin in e ac ions and ecosys em esponse.
Annual moo ing u n-a ound/su ey
c uises will occu in Sep embe .
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he SBI
web si e (h p://u k-biogw.bio.u k.edu/
SBI.ns ), o con ac SBI P ojec O ice
Di ec o Jackie G ebmeie in Knox ille,
TN (865/974-2592; ax 865/974-3067;
[email p o ec ed]).
SBI Phase I Da a will Guide Phase II Field Wo k
SBI P incipal In es iga o s con ened
an open mee ing in Feb ua y 2001 in
Albuque que, New Mexico (see h p://u k-
biogw.bio.u k.edu/SBI.ns ), jus be o e
he Ame ican Socie y o Limnology and
Oceanog aphy mee ing.
Mo e han 70 people a ended he
second in e na ional SBI pan-a c ic mee -
ing in Callaway Ga dens, Geo gia, in
No embe 2000. The mee ing included:
• sho science p esen a ions o opics
ele an o he o e all goals o SBI;
• g oup discussion on c oss-cu ing
hemes o pan-a c ic SBI issues and
logis ical needs; and
• discussion o cu en and u u e na ional
and in e na ional SBI s udies.
The mee ing agenda and abs ac s a e
pos ed on he SBI web si e.
An Announcemen o Oppo uni y
(AO) o SBI Phase II ield wo k on he
ou e shel -slope o he Chukchi and
Beau o seas as well as he Be ing S ai
egion was eleased in ea ly 2001 (see ig-
u e and www.ns .go /cgi-bin/ge pub?
ns 0178). P oposals a e due 30 May 2001.
Th ough in eg a ed ield and modeling
e o s, Phase II will in es iga e he e ec s
o global change on p oduc ion, cycling,
and shel -slope exchange o biogenic
ma e , bo h seasonally and spa ially. Fi e
s udy objec i es include unde s anding:
• he ela i e impo ance o a ious
physical p ocesses in he anspo ,
ans o ma ion, and a e o biogenic
ma e , wa e masses, and ace s
h ough he Be ing S ai , ac oss he
shel , and in o he basin in e io ;
• physical p ocesses and ci cula ion
anomalies on he shel and/o slope ha
suppo high local concen a ions o
ben hic and pelagic bio a;
• wa e column and ice p ima y p oduc-
i i y in ela ion o he biomass and
di e si y o p ima y and seconda y
consume s in bo h he wa e column
and ben hos;
• he ela i e impo ance o op-down
s. bo om-up con ols in egula ing
pelagic-ben hic coupling, bio ic
complexi y, and he pa i ioning o
ca bon be ween lowe and highe
ophic le els; and
• model p edic ions o po en ial changes
Da k blue indica es he SBI in ense s udy a ea, wi h
ups eam/downs eam egions in ligh e blue ( igu e
cou esy SBI p ojec o ice).
ALA
65˚ N
75˚N
18 0 ˚
16
0
˚W
Beau o Sea
Chukchi Sea
Eas Sibe ian
Sea
140˚W
300m
1000m
3000m
Be ing
S ai
Be ing Sea
Wes e n A c ic Shel -Basin
In e ac ions (SBI) S udy Si e
SBI moo ing Ne wo k
Single
Mul iple
Coope a i e
SBI T ansec lines
P ocess/Co e
Coope a i e
100m
Nome
RUSSIA
Alaska, U.S.A.
Ba ow
A c ic Ocean
16
VECO Pola Resou ces P o ides A c ic Logis ics
A he end o No embe 2000, VECO
Pola Resou ces (VPR) comple ed i s
i s yea as NSF’s con ac o o A c ic
Resea ch Logis ics Suppo Se ices
(ARLSS). VPR suppo o scien is s
in G eenland, Alaska, Canada, and nea
he No h Pole in 2000 has included:
• ins alling a wi eless Local A ea
Ne wo k (LAN) wi h ull- ime in e ne
connec i i y a Summi Camp,
G eenland;
• ope a ing a camp o abou 20
esea che s a Council (see pho o); and
• p o iding ex ensi e ai c a suppo o
esea che s wo king in emo e
loca ions in Alaska.
VPR is cu en ly suppo ing a win e -o e
eam o ou a he Summi Camp and
planning o he second con ac yea .
Plans o 2001 include:
• u he enhancemen s o he A c ic
P og am’s ield communica ions
capabili ies;
• expansion o VPR’s ange o suppo o
include se e al Russia-based p ojec s;
• de elopmen o a ield sa e y p og am;
• majo enhancemen s o VPR’s web si e.
The VPR eam is comp ised o VECO,
an Alaska-based enginee ing and cons uc-
ion company; SRI In e na ional, a echni-
cal scien i ic communica ions and esea ch
company; and Pola Field Se ices, Inc., a
A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics
Logis ics Wo king G oup Re iews Communi y Inpu
scien i ic logis ics p ojec managemen
g oup whose pe sonnel ha e expe ience
wi h he NSF O ice o Pola P og ams
An a c ic P og am. In collabo a ion wi h
a c ic esea che s, o he logis ics p o ide s,
and local o ganiza ions, VPR o e s ield
camp enginee ing se ices, cons uc ion
and ope a ions suppo , ai c a suppo ,
use o ield equipmen (e.g., ehicles, en s,
powe sys ems, adios, sa elli e elephones),
and se ices o enginee ing and ins alling
adia ed media ield communica ions sys-
ems.
Un il Oc obe 1999, he Snow and Ice
Resea ch G oup a he Uni e si y o
Neb aska-Lincoln ope a ed he Pola Ice
Co ing O ice (PICO) unde con ac o
OPP. Unde his con ac , PICO p o ided
bo h science suppo and ice co ing and
d illing se ices. Unde he new con ac ,
ice co ing se ices will be p o ided by he
Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison (www.
ssec.wisc.edu/A3RI/icds/).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he VECO
web si e (www. eco.com/ p ), o con ac
VECO P ojec Manage Jill Fe is in
Englewood, CO (720/344-5619; ax 720/
344-6514; [email p o ec ed]).
Nea Council on he Sewa d Peninsula o Alaska, Ma k
Begnaud and La y Le ine (backg ound) e ec a
Wea he po in June 2000 o scien is s suppo ing he
In eg a ed Sounding Sys em (ISS) o he Na ional
Cen e o A mosphe ic Resea ch (pho o by Jay Bu nside).
The A c ic Resea ch Suppo and
Logis ics Wo king G oup (RSLWG)
is suppo ed by NSF o upda e and expand
upon he accomplishmen s o he i s
ARCUS Logis ics Wo king G oup, spon-
so ed by he U.S. A c ic Resea ch Com-
mission (see page 20) and NSF.
The majo ask o he RSLWG is o
upda e he 1997 epo , Logis ics Recom-
menda ions o an Imp o ed U.S. A c ic
Resea ch Capabili y, by ga he ing in o ma-
ion and ecommenda ions om he a c ic
esea ch communi y.
The RSLWG me a Lamon -Dohe y
Ea h Obse a o y in Sep embe 2000 o
ad ance he de elopmen o he new
epo based on he esul s o an on-line
communi y su ey and discussions a an
a c ic logis ics own mee ing held in May
2000 (see Wi ness Sp ing 2000).
Wo king g oup membe s a e cu en ly
de eloping he upda ed epo . A d a
will be a ailable o communi y
e iew in ea ly Fall 2001 and published in
la e Sp ing 2002.
Addi ional discussions a he Sep em-
be mee ing included:
• logis ics issues ela ed o eme ging
esea ch ini ia i es,
• o he ele an a c ic planning and logis-
ics e o s, and
• p og ess on he imp o ed A c ic Logis-
ics In o ma ion and Suppo (ALIAS)
web si e.
ALIAS (www.a cus.o g/alias) se es as
a p ima y access poin o help he esea ch
communi y acqui e suppo and logis ics
in o ma ion o he A c ic. When ully
implemen ed, ALIAS will be a comp e-
hensi e in o ma ion sou ce o :
• assessing he easibili y o wo king in
a pa icula a ea,
• planning he conduc o esea ch,
• iewing cu en esea ch in a gi en a ea,
including maps and publica ions, and
• making suppo and collabo a ion con-
ac s o bo h science and logis ics.
ALIAS, s ill unde de elopmen , will be
an in e ac i e, da abase-d i en si e, allow-
ing use s o conduc complex c i e ia-
based sea ches o ga he in o ma ion on
esea ch si es and logis ics esou ces. Use s,
including esea che s, esea ch si e manag-
e s, and logis ics p o ide s, will be able o
submi upda ed si e and esou ce in o ma-
ion o ALIAS h ough an online su ey.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ARCUS
web si e (www.a cus.o g/ slwg/) o con ac
RSLWG co-chai s Pe e Schlosse (845/
365-8707; ax 845/365-8155;
[email p o ec ed]) and Te y
Tucke (603/646-4268; ax 603/646-
4644; [email p o ec ed]).

17
A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics
GIS Wo kshop Ta ge s Imp o emen s
in Ci cumpola Da a Sha ing
A c ic Modeling Focuses on Collabo a i e E o s
Modeling o he a c ic a mosphe e,
ocean, ice, and e es ial sys ems
has p og essed signi ican ly o e he pas
decade, d i en in pa by he mo emen o
add ess esea ch ques ions ha appea o
be keyed o global and in e disciplina y
dynamics, such as:
• Why is he a c ic sea ice hinning
and sh inking?
• Wha is causing he wa me A lan ic-
laye wa e in he A c ic Ocean?
• How will he egional clima e, pe ma-
os , and ege a ion in he A c ic
espond o p edic ed global wa ming?
To ensu e con inuing p og ess in a c ic
modeling, se e al ecen wo kshops high-
ligh he need o collabo a ion be ween
obse a ional p og ams (e.g., ield wo k,
emo e sensing) and he s a e-o - he-a
modeling e o s ha a e applying he ield
da a o simula ions:
• A c ic Regional Clima e Model
In e compa ison P ojec (ARCMIP)
in es iga o s me in Sep embe 2000
a he Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks.
They will pe o m high- esolu ion
a mosphe ic simula ions and compa e
hei esul s, in hopes o imp o ing
hei models.
• Sea Ice Model In e compa ison P ojec
(SIMIP) in es iga o s also me in Sep-
embe 2000 in Fai banks. They will
compa e he modynamic ice model
simula ions wi h obse ed da a o
imp o e hei models.
• In es iga o s in ol ed wi h Phase 3 o
NSF’s Su ace Hea and Ene gy Budge
o he A c ic (SHEBA) p og am (see
page 7) me in Oc obe 2000 in Boul-
de , Colo ado. In o de o imp o e a c-
ic clima e simula ions, hey a e add ess-
ing collabo a ion be ween he scien is s
a he ield camp and he modele s who
will use he da a o model alida ion
and o cing. SHEBA in es iga o s col-
lec ed, and a e making a ailable, one
e aby e o da a om he ield, om
sa elli es, and om analyses.
P og ess in a c ic modeling has
inc eased he demand o compu a ional
esou ces. Fo ins ance, he 18 km-
esolu ion a c ic ice-ocean model om he
Na al Pos g adua e School equi es 2,400
p ocesso -hou s o a 100-yea simula ion
on a massi ely pa allel supe compu e .
The e a e app oxima ely 20 pa allel
supe compu e s in U.S. cen e s ha can
pe o m hese expe imen s. The A c ic
Region Clima e Sys em Model (ARCSyM)
equi es 600 hou s o a single-yea simu-
la ion on a mo e common high-end wo k-
s a ion. To adequa ely add ess he mos
p essing clima e issues, signi ican ly mo e
compu e esou ces will be equi ed han
a e p esen ly a ailable o he a c ic
modeling communi y.
Supe compu ing cen e s in he Uni ed
S a es (la gely wi hin he Depa men s o
Ene gy and De ense) ha e inc eased hei
compu ing powe en old in he pas i e
yea s by acqui ing la ge pa allel compu e
sys ems. Adap ing models o use pa allel
compu e s, howe e , equi es conside able
ime and special p og amming skills. This
has been mos es ic i e o indi idual,
uni e si y-based a c ic modele s, who
o en ely on g adua e-le el esea che s.
Some a c ic modele s ha e made use o
new a mosphe e, ocean, and ice models
de eloped o (o adap ed o) pa allel
compu e s by g oups associa ed wi h he
la ge compu ing cen e s (e.g., Los Alamos
Na ional Labo a o y, A gonne Na ional
Labo a o y, he Na ional Cen e o
A mosphe ic Resea ch).
P og ess in a c ic modeling will con-
inue as hese new pa allel a chi ec u es
ma u e and a e made accessible o a wide
communi y ha is expanding i s expe ise.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac John
Wea he ly in Hano e , NH (603/646-
4741; ax 603/646-4644; wea he @c el.
usace.a my.mil).
The apidly e ol ing capabili ies o
Geog aphic In o ma ion Sys ems
(GIS) p o ide b oad new app oaches o
spa ially ela ed esea ch ques ions. The
A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics P o-
g am (see Wi ness Sp ing 2000) sponso ed
ARCUS o hos an A c ic GIS Wo kshop
in Sea le, Washing on in Janua y 2001,
o ga he inpu om he a c ic esea ch
and GIS echnology communi ies. Mo e
han 100 in e na ional esea che s om a
a ie y o scien i ic disciplines, ep esen a-
i es o s a e and ede al agencies, and GIS
p o essionals me o assess cu en issues
and discuss and p epa e ecommenda ions
o imp o e he use o GIS in suppo o
a c ic esea ch.
Li le o he exis ing geo e e enced da a
o he A c ic is widely a ailable o aca-
demic and agency esea che s, planne s,
and he public, and e en less is usable o
manipula ion and analysis. Recen
ad ances in GIS echnology, so wa e, and
in e ne compa ibili y make i easible o
sha e geo e e enced da a and associa ed
me ada a o e he in e ne o allow map
iewing, da a manipula ion, and analyses.
Imp o ed spa ial da a sha ing will
bene i esea che s by acili a ing new
in e disciplina y collabo a ions, inno a i e
analyses, and enhanced ou each. Wo k-
shop pa icipan s ag eed ha a coope a i e
e o among agencies, esea che s, echni-
cal expe s, and na ions will be needed o
de elop a geog aphic in o ma ion in a-
s uc u e (GII) suppo ing a c ic esea ch
by consis en ly documen ing me ada a,
using in e na ionally accep ed da a s an-
da ds, and making da a accessible o o he
use s. The da a s anda ds al eady in place
h ough he Fede al Geog aphic Da a
Commi ee (FGDC) and he expe ience
o indi iduals and agencies coope a ing in
his e o will con ibu e o es ablishing
an ex ensi e GII o a c ic esea ch.
A summa y o he wo kshop ecom-
menda ions is a ailable on he ARCUS
web si e (www.a cus.o g/gis/index.h ml).
A mo e de ailed epo will be de eloped,
ci cula ed o he a c ic esea ch and GIS
p o essional communi ies o commen ,
and published la e his yea . Fo mo e
in o ma ion, con ac Renée C ain a
ARCUS ([email p o ec ed]).
18
AICC Sees he USCGC
Healy
h ough Success ul T ials
Ac i i ies o he A c ic Iceb eake Coo -
dina ing Commi ee (AICC) du ing
Sp ing and Summe 2000 we e domina ed
by he cold wa e science sys ems es ing
o he new U.S. Coas Gua d Cu e
Healy. Jack Bash and John F ei ag o he
Uni e si y-Na ional Oceanog aphic Labo-
a o y sys em (UNOLS; see Wi ness Sp ing
2000) coo dina ed he e o s o UNOLS
echnical specialis s o e alua e each p i-
ma y science sys em on he ship. Ice ials
in Ap il and May 2000 be ween Canada
and G eenland pu he Healy h ough
inc easingly hea y iceb eaking. The essel
me o exceeded iceb eaking speci ica ions;
he e is no excessi e milling o he ice by
he p ops, and he essel is esponsi e and
maneu e s well in he ice.
The cold-wa e science sys ems es s
in May-July 2000 we e especially aluable
because o he en husias ic join pa icipa-
ion o he Coas Gua d pe sonnel who
will be suppo ing he sys ems, echnical
expe s om he UNOLS communi y,
and seagoing scien is s. Tes s included:
• science acous ic equipmen (e.g.,
SeaBeam 2112 swa h mapping sys em,
ADCPs, Ba hy2000 and Knudsen
ba hyme y sys ems);
• he XBT sys em;
• he science da a ne wo k;
• he uncon amina ed seawa e sys em;
• he he mosalinog aph and luo ome e ;
• scien i ic owing wi h a MOCNESS
mul iple opening and closing ne and
en i onmen al sampling sys em;
• he CTD/ ose e sys em;
• winch con ol sys ems;
• labo a o y en i onmen al con ols;
• communica ions sys ems;
• scien i ic moo ing deploymen and
eco e y; and
• co ing and d edging capabili ies.
Mos science sys ems p o ed eady o use
on unded science c uises. Plans we e
made o add ess he ew de icien sys ems
and es hem wi h science o e sigh be-
o e unded science c uises begin in 2001.
All o Healy’s passenge s ha e come
away imp essed wi h he p o essionalism,
suppo , in e es , and iendliness o he
en i e ship’s company. Fi e eache s om
NSF’s Teache s Expe iencing An a c ica
and he A c ic (TEA) p og am ho oughly
en iched he es c uises. They b ough he
ice ials and science sys ems es s o he
public, ia he in e ne , wi h accu acy,
b ead h, humo , and insigh (see page 26).
Healy’s commissioning ce emony ook
place in Augus 2000 in Sea le. The
AICC is now wo king o ad ise NSF and
he Coas Gua d ega ding a c ic science
missions on he h ee Coas Gua d ice-
b eake s (Healy, Pola S a , and Pola Sea),
especially ega ding he panoply o logis ic
conside a ions ha a e much clea e o he
AICC now ha es ing is comple ed. The
2001 ield season will include he i s
paid-science c uises o he essel.
Ship cos s o he use o Healy (and he
wo pola -class iceb eake s) a e no longe
con ained in NSF p oposal budge s. Ship-
use equi emen s mus be made clea in
accompanying documen a ion (e.g., Fo m
831, and NSF/OPP’s logis ical suppo
o m o a c ic esea ch). NSF p oposals
o use he iceb eake s should be submi ed
by 15 Feb ua y o he yea p eceding he
p oposed c uise.
Lisa Clough succeeded James Swi as
AICC Chai in Janua y 2001.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Lisa
Clough a Eas Ca olina Uni e si y in
G een ille, NC (252/328-1834; ax 252/
328-4178; [email p o ec ed]), o he
UNOLS O ice ([email p o ec ed]).
A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics
The 7,466-ac e Ba ow En i onmen al
Obse a o y (BEO) and neighbo ing
lands and wa e s encompass hund eds o
esea ch si es used o pas and p esen
s udies, including ecological, geomo phic,
c yosphe ic, a mosphe ic, and a chaeo-
logical esea ch. The Ba ow A c ic Sci-
ence Conso ium (BASC) is now ca alog-
ing his his o y o esea ch and de eloping
a long- e m mas e plan o guide he
u u e scien i ic use o he BEO.
The BEO Science Managemen Com-
mi ee (SMC), in collabo a ion wi h he
A c ic Ecology Labo a o y a Michigan
S a e Uni e si y (MSU), has begun o
loca e and ma k signi ican esea ch si es
wi hin and close o he BEO. In Summe
2000, MSU wildli e s uden F ank Lepe a
loca ed 323 esea ch si es om 23 p ojec s
using pos -co ec ed di e en ial GPS, and
ma ked 223 o hese wi h indi idually
labeled su ey caps. These egis e ed si es
include app oxima ely 150 In e na ional
Tund a Expe imen (ITEX; see page 6)
expe imen al and con ol chambe s and
30 ARCSS/CALM (Ci cumpola Ac i e
Laye Moni o ing) plo s. Addi ional si es
(e.g., om o he ede al and No h Slope
Bo ough p ojec s) a e also being added o
he da abase. The a c ic communi y will
be asked o e iew he in en o y o si es
and sugges addi ions.
To enhance he ope a ional e iciency,
in eg a i e managemen , and esea ch
po en ial o he BEO, a new me ada a-
base o pas and p esen esea ch ac i i y
in he icini y includes:
• con ac and p o essional de ails o
esea che s a ilia ed wi h he BEO,
• p ojec and si e in o ma ion, and
• publica ions esul ing om esea ch.
This web-accessible da abase will be linked
o a GIS esou ce and an a chi e o
esou ces (e.g., ae ial pho og aphy, opog-
aphy, soils, ege a ion, wildli e).
The Ukpeag ik Iñupia Co po a ion
( he Ba ow illage co po a ion) es ab-
lished he BEO in 1992 o he pu pose o
p o ec ing an a ea o long- e m esea ch
(see Wi ness Au umn 1997). BASC man-
ages he p ese e unde a coope a i e
ag eemen wi h NSF.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see
www.a cus.o g/basc/index.h ml o con ac
BEO SMC Chai Je y B own in Woods
Hole, MA (508/457-4982; ax 508/457-
4982; [email p o ec ed]).
Resea ch Si e Regis a ion is Unde way a Ba ow
19
NSF News
P esiden Bush Reques s 1.3% Inc ease o NSF Budge
Al hough NSF ecei ed a 13% inc ease
in i s budge in FY 2001, P esiden
Bush’s FY 2002 NSF budge eques is
$4.5 billion, jus $56 million o 1.3%
abo e FY 2001. The expec ed a e o
in la ion o FY 2002 is 2.6%, an e ec i e
dec ease in he NSF budge o 1.3%. The
Resea ch and Rela ed Ac i i ies accoun
would decline 0.5%, wi h a majo cu
(17.5%) in In eg a i e Ac i i ies, includ-
ing Majo Resea ch Ins umen a ion.
The p oposed budge o he O ice o
Pola P og ams o als $276.57 million,
inc easing 1.2% o e FY 2001. The U.S.
Pola Resea ch P og ams budge would
inc ease 1.5%, o $3.17 million, om
$210.8 o $213.97 million, including:
• he A c ic Resea ch P og am would
inc ease 6.4%, om $31.14 o $33.14
million;
• he A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis-
ics budge would emain le el a
$23.96 million;
• he A c ic Resea ch Commission budge
would inc ease 1.4%, om $1.00 o
$1.02 million;
• he An a c ic Resea ch G an s P og am
budge would inc ease 2.1%, om
$36.5 o $37.25 million;
• he budge o Ope a ions and Science
Suppo would inc ease 0.3%, om
$118.2 o $118.61 million.
The budge documen desc ibes wo
FY 2002 p io i ies o he A c ic Resea ch
P og am:
• he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic
Change (SEARCH) p og am (see page
8), and
• suppo o me i e iewed oceano-
g aphic esea ch using he U.S. Coas
Gua d Cu e Healy (see page 18).
The budge eques p oposes o
expand NSF’s educa ion ac i i ies, includ-
ing he P esiden ’s new Ma h and Science
Pa ne ship Ini ia i e, unded a $200
million. The bulk o his unding ($110
million) would be edi ec ed om exis ing
NSF educa ion p og ams. The budge o
Educa ion and Human Resou ces (EHR)
would inc ease by 11% o e all. In his
budge scena io, g adua e s uden s ipends
will inc ease om an a e age o $18,000
pe yea o $20,500 pe yea o he aca-
demic yea 2002–03.
Cong essional Ac ions
Se e al ecen ac ions by Cong ess
indica e ha he inal FY 2002 budge s o
he basic science agencies may inc ease
o e he P esiden ’s p oposed budge . By a
bipa isan oice o e, he Sena e on Ap il 5
app o ed an amendmen o he Sena e
Budge Resolu ion (H.R. 83), which
would inc ease he unding o some basic
science agencies by $1.44 billion. This o e
is an impo an indica ion o wha
Cong ess may do la e his yea when i
conside s he FY 2002 app op ia ions bills.
Sena e Amendmen 211 was sponso ed
by se en sena o s led by Ch is ophe Bond
(R-MO) and Ba ba a Mikulski (D-MD)
and would inc ease unding o :
• NSF by $674 million,
• DOE by $469 million, and
• NASA by $518 million.
The amendmen would inc ease he
NSF budge by 15.3%, keeping he agency
on ack o he p oposed doubling o i s
budge by 2005, suppo ed by a bipa isan
g oup o 41 sena o s las yea .
In ela ed ac ion in he House o
Rep esen a i es, 13 Republican and
Democ a ic membe s o he Science
Commi ee w o e o App op ia ions
Commi ee Chai man Bill Young (R-FL),
asking him o conside making unding o
he science agencies a high p io i y,
especially ha o NSF. Budge
Commi ee membe Rush Hol (D-NJ)
a emp ed o inc ease gene al science
unding in he House Budge Resolu ion
bu was unsuccess ul, as he House o ed
along pa y lines. Rep. Eddie Be nice
Johnson (D-TX), he anking mino i y
membe on he Resea ch Subcommi ee,
in oduced legisla ion on Ap il 4 o
au ho ize he doubling o he NSF budge
o e he pe iod 2001–05. This bill (H.R.
1472) p o ides o a 15% annual inc ease
o NSF om FY 2002–05. The Johnson
bill, which has 16 Democ a ic cosponso s
om he House Science Commi ee, was
e e ed o ha commi ee o u he
conside a ion.
Adminis a ion Re iewing NSF Needs
The Adminis a ion in ends o e iew
he needs and oppo uni ies acing NSF
o e he nex i e yea s o de e mine
whe he u u e NSF budge inc eases a e
wa an ed. Resul s o he e iew, which is
unde way and in ol es a a ie y o di e -
en s udies, will be ac o ed in o he
p epa a ion o he FY 2003 budge . The
s a s o NSF and he O ice o Manage-
men and Budge (OMB) will ha e p e-
limina y esul s o e iew by Fall 2001.
A andom su ey o academic ins i u-
ions and indi idual in es iga o s ha
ha e ecei ed NSF g an s will begin in
June. The su ey, conside ed by NSF and
OMB s a o be key o u u e NSF und-
ing inc eases, is expec ed o esul in he
ecommenda ion ha a e age NSF g an
size and du a ion be inc eased.
De ails o he OMB/NSF e iew can
be ound in he “Gene al Science, Space,
and Technology” sec ion o he main bud-
ge documen , unde he heading “Man-
agemen Re o ms” (pages 33–35). Follow-
ing a e some exce p s:
• Fo 2003, he Adminis a ion will
unde ake a budge a y e iew o de e -
mine how bes o suppo he NSF’s
budge in a sus ained manne o e ime.
• Wi h he assis ance o U.S. academic
esea ch ins i u ions, NSF will de elop
me ics o measu e he e iciency o he
esea ch p ocess and de e mine he
‘ igh ’ g an size and du a ion o he
a ious ypes o esea ch he agency
unds.
• NSF will de elop a plan o cos ing,
app o al, and o e sigh o majo acili y
p ojec s, and also will enhance i s capa-
bili y o es ima e cos s and p o ide
o e sigh o p ojec de elopmen and
cons uc ion.
• NSF will de elop a i e-yea s a egic
plan o he wo k o ce and in o ma ion
echnology needs o he agency in ime
o conside a ion o he 2003 budge .
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he
ollowing web si es: NSF (www.ns .go ),
he Ame ican Associa ion o he Ad ance-
men o Science (www.aaas.o g/spp/
R&D), he Ame ican Ins i u e o Physics
(www.aip.o g/go ), he Associa ion o
Ame ican Uni e si ies (www.aau.edu), he
OMB (www.whi ehouse.go /omb/budge /
y2002/budge .h ml), o he U.S.
Cong ess (h p:// homas.loc.go ).
20
U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission Plans Visi o ANWR
U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission
Pola Resea ch Boa d
Enhancing NASA’s Con ibu ions o Pola Science:
New PRB Repo A ailable
Fo scien is s who s udy clima e change,
he A c ic and An a c ic a e p ime
labo a o ies. Da a ha documen change
ange om he hickness and mo emen o
en i e ice shee s and glacie s, o he iming
o cloud co e , dis ibu ion o p ecipi a-
ion, concen a ions o a mosphe ic gases,
pas wea he pa e ns, ocean empe a u es,
sea le els, and salini y pa e ns. To ack
changes, such da a mus be ga he ed o e
pe iods o yea s. Obse a ions a he poles,
howe e , a e ex emely di icul o make—
hese a e among he mos emo e, ha sh,
and inhospi able en i ons on he plane .
The Na ional A mosphe ic and Space
Adminis a ion (NASA) is esponsible o
a numbe o sa elli es and emo e sensing
p og ams ha measu e condi ions in he
ea h’s pola en i onmen s. NASA com-
piles i s aw da a in o pola geophysical
da a se s ha a e a ailable o scien is s
s udying hese egions. How hese da a
se s can be made mo e use ul o scien is s
is he subjec o a new epo —Enhancing
NASA’s Con ibu ions o Pola Science: A
Re iew o Pola Geophysical Da a Se s, om
a commi ee o he Na ional Resea ch
Council’s Pola Resea ch Boa d (PRB).
A e app oxima ely a yea o s udy and
delibe a ions, including a su ey o mo e
han 100 pola scien is s who use pola
geophysical da a in hei day- o-day
esea ch, he commi ee:
• iden i ied gaps be ween he da a
a ailable and da a needed; and
• made speci ic ecommenda ions o
addi ional ai , wa e , and land measu e-
men s ha NASA should collec o
enhance exis ing eco ds.
In addi ion, he commi ee made he
ollowing ecommenda ions:
• in some cases, ai c a , au oma ed
unde wa e ehicles, and g ound-based
echnologies may be mo e app op ia e
han sa elli es o collec ing da a;
• make a ailable NASA’s da a-se
a chi es, some o which ex end back
as a as 20 yea s;
• make a g ea e e o , o compa a i e
pu poses, o in eg a e NASA da a se s
wi h da a collec ed in o he pa s o
he wo ld; and
• be e publicize he a ailabili y o da a
se s, make hem as use - iendly as pos-
sible, and p o ide web links o si es ha
o e addi ional ele an in o ma ion.
This s udy was eques ed and spon-
so ed by NASA’s High La i udes O ice.
Au ho s include John Walsh, Chai
(Uni e si y o Illinois), Judi h Cu y
(Uni e si y o Colo ado, Boulde ), Ma k
Fahnes ock (Uni e si y o Ma yland),
Da id McGui e (Uni e si y o Alaska
Fai banks), William Rossow (Godda d
Ins i u e o Space S udies), Michael S eele
(Uni e si y o Washing on), Cha les
Vo osma y (Uni e si y o New Hamp-
shi e), and Mahlon Kennicu (Texas
A&M Uni e si y). The epo is a ailable
in limi ed quan i ies om he PRB in p e-
publica ion o ma . The published olume
will be a ailable in May 2001 om
Na ional Academy P ess (800/624-6242;
www.nap.edu) o $31.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac PRB
Di ec o Ch is El ing in Washing on, DC
(202/334-3479; ax 202/334-1477;
[email p o ec ed]).
The 2001 edi ion o he U.S. A c ic
Resea ch Commission (USARC)
Repo on Goals and Objec i es 2001 was
published in Janua y and will be a ailable
soon on he USARC web si e. The h ee
majo goals ou lined in he epo a e:
• suppo o he SEARCH P og am (see
page 8), o enhance he s udy o change
in he A c ic,
• a mul iagency in eg a ed esea ch p o-
g am o he Be ing Sea (see Wi ness
Sp ing 1998), and
• a wo-pa heal h o a c ic esiden s p o-
g am, including p incipal causes o mo -
bidi y and mo ali y and en i onmen al
heal h conce ns and ecommenda ions.
In 2001, he Commission me in:
• Dillingham, Alaska in No embe o dis-
cuss issues including imp o ed coo di-
na ion in ishe ies esea ch, ish and
wildli e esea ch needs, and dis ance
educa ion;
• La Jolla, Cali o nia in Janua y o a
ou o he U.S.S. Sal Lake Ci y, a Los
Angeles class subma ine, and discussions
o how o ca y o wa d SCICEX esea ch
(see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999).
• Iqalui , Nuna u , Canada, p io o A c-
ic Science Summi Week (see page 22),
including he USARC’s i s mee ing
wi h he Canadian Pola Commission
(see Wi ness Sp ing 2000).
The Commission also:
• conduc ed a wo kshop, in collabo a ion
wi h he Na y, on Na y esponses o
dec eased ice co e in he A c ic, and
• discussed oppo uni ies o a c ic logis-
ics coope a ion wi h s a om he
Canadian Pola Con inen al Shel
P ojec (see Wi ness Sp ing 1998), he
Canadian Depa men o Fishe ies and
Oceans, and he O ice o Pola P og ams.
The Commission plans o isi he A c-
ic Na ional Wildli e Re uge (ANWR) in
ea ly June. They will isi S alba d and
T omsø, No way ollowing a mee ing in
A ling on, Vi ginia on June 22.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he USARC
web si e (h p://www.uaa.alaska. edu/en i/
a c_web/a chome.h m), o con ac
USARC Execu i e Di ec o Ga y B ass in
A ling on, VA (800-AURORAB o 703/
525-0111; ax 703/525-0114;
[email p o ec ed]).
21
A c ic Policy
Finland Assumes Chai o A c ic Council o Two Yea s
U.S. Unde Sec e a y o S a e o
Global A ai s F ank Loy chai ed
he second biennial mee ing o he A c ic
Council in Oc obe 2000 in Ba ow,
ma king he culmina ion o he wo-yea
pe iod o U.S. leade ship o he Council
and he beginning o he Finnish chai -
manship. Pa icipan s included:
• Minis e s om he eigh a c ic membe
s a es o he Council;
• p esiden s o he ou a c ic indigenous
peoples’ o ganiza ions ha ha e
Pe manen Pa icipan s a us on he
Council— he Aleu In e na ional
Associa ion, he Inui Ci cumpola
Con e ence, he Russian Associa ion o
Indigenous Peoples o he No h, and
he Saami Council; and
• ep esen a i es o he Council’s
acc edi ed Obse e s.
New Pa icipan s, Obse e s Welcomed
The Ba ow delega es app o ed wo
new Pe manen Pa icipan s— he A c ic
A habaskan Council and he Gwich’in
Council In e na ional; bo h indigenous
g oups ha e U.S. and Canadian membe s.
F ance joined Ge many, he Ne he lands,
Poland, and he Uni ed Kingdom as an
Obse e coun y. The minis e s also
app o ed ele en new Obse e o ganiza-
ions, b inging he o al numbe o
Obse e s o 21. The ele en new Obse e
o ganiza ions a e:
• he No h A lan ic Ma ine Mammal
Commission,
• he No dic Council o Minis e s,
• he Ad iso y Commi ee on he
P o ec ion o he Sea,
• he Associa ion o Wo ld Reindee
He de s,
• he Ci cumpola Conse a ion Union,
• he In e na ional A c ic Social Science
Associa ion,
• he In e na ional Fede a ion o Red
C oss and Red C escen Socie ies,
• he In e na ional Union o
Ci cumpola Heal h,
• he In e na ional Union o he
Conse a ion o Na u e,
• he S anding Commi ee o Pa liamen-
a ians o he A c ic Region, and
• he Wo ld Wide Fund o Na u e.
U.S. Concludes Chai ; New Agenda Se
Accomplishmen s o he A c ic Council
du ing he U.S. chai manship include:
• inaliza ion o a amewo k documen o
he Council’s Sus ainable De elopmen
P og am,
• p og ess on he U.S.-led p ojec s on
elemedicine and cul u al and eco-
ou ism,
• p og ess on he Canadian-led p ojec on
he Fu u e o Child en and You h in he
A c ic, and
• p og ess on he Denma k/G eenland-led
Su ey o Li ing Condi ions in he
A c ic.
The Uni ed S a es also con ibu ed o he
Council’s Human Heal h E ec s P og am
in he A c ic Moni o ing and Assessmen
P og am and helped und a new assessmen
o con aminan s in he ood supply o Rus-
sian indigenous communi ies in he A c ic.
The Oc obe 2000 Minis e ial mee ing
se he A c ic Council agenda o 2000–02.
Topping he agenda is he A c ic Clima e
Impac Assessmen (see page 22), a
comp ehensi e s udy o he impac o
clima e change in he A c ic. The Council
will also pu sue a numbe o p ojec s unde
he newly es ablished A c ic Council
Ac ion Plan o Elimina e Pollu ion o he
A c ic (ACAP; see Wi ness Sp ing 2000),
including:
• he second phase o a p ojec o educe
PCB use in Russia, and
• a plan o educe me cu y eleases om
a c ic s a es.
The Minis e s also app o ed p oposals
o de elop an In e na ional Ci cumpola
Su eillance sys em o in ec ious diseases
and o ini ia e p ojec s on sus ainable ein-
dee husband y and de elopmen in no h-
e n imbe line o es s. The Minis e s ec-
ommended ha he Council pay pa icula
a en ion o p oposals om he Pe manen
Pa icipan s di ec ed a imp o ing human
heal h in indigenous communi ies.
Minis e s held a se ies o ound able
discussions on:
• he impac o clima e a iabili y on
a c ic communi ies and ecosys ems;
• heal h, educa ion, and economic
oppo uni ies o a c ic communi ies;
• he h ea o con aminan s in he A c ic
and oppo uni ies o collec i e ac ion
o add ess he p oblem; and
• how o imp o e coope a ion be ween
he A c ic Council and he many
o ganiza ions and ini ia i es wi h
a no he n ocus.
The No h Slope communi y, includ-
ing school classes, obse ed he Council
p oceedings and joined in an e ening
panel discussion on con aminan s and
he impac on human heal h in he
a c ic en i onmen .
P io i ies o he Finnish Chai
Finland now assumes he chai o he
A c ic Council un il Oc obe 2002. Finn-
ish Minis e o Jus ice Johannes Koskinen
ou lined his coun y’s p io i ies as chai ,
emphasizing inc eased con ac s wi h
in e na ional bodies such as he Uni ed
Na ions and he Eu opean Union.
Finland will also wo k owa d ac i e
poli ical implemen a ion o conclusions
d awn om echnical epo s o he A c ic
Council wo king g oups, speci ically on
issues such as clima e change, long- ange
anspo a ion o con aminan s, and
UV adia ion.
Finland plans o e alua e he s uc u e
o he A c ic Council and i s wo king
g oups, expand he use o in o ma ion
echnology (such as in he Uni e si y o
he A c ic and elemedicine p ojec s), and
p omo e eco- ou ism. The Finns will also
concen a e on anspo a ion in as uc-
u e, capaci y building, gende equali y,
and in he wo ds o Jus ice Minis e
Koskinen, “b inging capi al close o
he A c ic Ci cle . . . wi hou o ge ing
he need o inc ease sensi i i y owa d
indigenous a ai s.”
The nex mee ing o he Senio A c ic
O icials (SAO) will ake place in
Ro aniemi, Finland, 10–13 June 2001.
Fu u e SAO mee ings will be held in
Helsinki in No embe 2001 and Oulu
in Ap il 2002. The nex Minis e ial-le el
mee ing will be held in Sep embe 2002
in Ina i (Saa iselkä).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic
Council web si e (www.a c ic-council.
o g), o con ac Hale VanKoughne a
he Depa men o S a e in Washing on,
DC (202/647-4972; ax 202/647-4353;
[email p o ec ed]).

22
Lead Au ho s Ou line A c ic Clima e Impac Assessmen
The A c ic Council is conduc ing an
in e na ional A c ic Clima e Impac
Assessmen (ACIA) o e alua e and syn-
hesize knowledge on clima e a iabili y,
clima e change, inc eased ul a iole adia-
ion, and hei consequences (see Wi ness
Sp ing 2000). The aim is o p o ide use ul
and eliable in o ma ion o he go e n-
men s, o ganiza ions, and peoples o he
A c ic on policy op ions o mee such
changes.
A an Oc obe 2000 wo kshop in
Sea le, Washing on, he ACIA S ee ing
Commi ee p epa ed an ex ended ou line
o he assessmen wi h he help o lead
au ho s appoin ed o each o he assess-
men chap e s. The epo ou line and
lead au ho s a e as ollows:
The A c ic Sys em—Gun e Welle (U.S.)
The A c ic as Pa o he Global Clima e
Sys em—Go don McBean (Canada),
Pe e i Taalas (Finland), E land Källén
(Sweden), Vladimi Ka so (Russia), and
Be sy Wea he head (U.S.).
• The Clima e Sys em and he Roles o
Ozone and UV P ocesses on he A c ic
and he Plane
• Pas and P esen Changes o Clima e
and UV Radia ion
• Fu u e Changes o Clima e and UV
Radia ion—Modeling and Scena ios o
he A c ic Region
Physical and Biological Sys ems and
Thei Response o Clima e Change—
John Walsh (U.S.), Te y Callaghan (Swe-
den), Jim Reis (Canada), and Ha ald
Loeng (No way).
• The C yosphe e and Hyd ological
Va iabili y
• Te es ial and F eshwa e Ecosys ems
• A c ic F eshwa e Ecosys ems
• Oceanic and Ma ine Ecosys ems
Impac s o Clima e and UV Changes on
Humans and Thei Ac i i ies—Hen y
Hun ing on (U.S.), Da id Klein (U.S.),
Ma k Nu al (U.K.), Glenn Juday (U.S.),
A ne Ins anes (No way), Jim Be ne
(U.S.), and ishe ies lead au ho Hjalma
Vilhjalmsson (Iceland).
• Indigenous Pe spec i es on Clima e
Change
• Wildli e and Conse a ion Issues
• Subsis ence Hun ing, Fishing, He ding,
and Ga he ing
• Fishe ies and Aquacul u e
• Fo es s, Land Managemen , and
Ag icul u e and Land Use
• Enginee ed S uc u es
• Human Heal h
Con ibu ing au ho s o each chap e will
be iden i ied in he nea u u e. The ACIA
is scheduled o be comple ed by 2004.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac
Gun e Welle in Fai banks, AK (907/
474-7371, ax 907/474-6722;
[email p o ec ed]).
In e na ional News
The In e na ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC) again in i ed all a c ic
science o ganiza ions o hold hei o ganiza ional mee ings a he annual
A c ic Science Summi Week, 22-29 Ap il 2001, in Iqalui , Nuna u , he capi al o
Canada’s newes e i o y. The pu pose o he summi , held each yea in la e Ap il, is
o p o ide oppo uni ies o coo dina ion, collabo a ion, and coope a ion in all a eas o
a c ic science and o combine science and managemen mee ings o op imize a el and
ime. The summi is comp ised o a se ies o mee ings o ci cuma c ic o ganiza ions,
s uc u ed a ound a Join Science Day. The ocus o he hi d annual ASSW Science
Day was “Science and Technology o Sus ainable Communi ies,” ocusing on bo h
e es ial and ma ine esou ces. The Science Day and o he enues p o ided oppo u-
ni ies o esea che s, s uden s, and o he s o discuss issues o common conce n.
The i s ASSW ook place in Ap il 1999 in T omsø, No way; he second in
Camb idge, UK (see Wi ness Sp ing 2000).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he IASC web si e (www.iasc.no/) o con ac IASC
Execu i e Sec e a y Odd Rogne in Oslo, No way (+47/2295-9900 ax +47/2295-
9901; [email p o ec ed]).
IASC Con enes A c ic Science Summi Week
In e na ional A c ic Coas al Dynamics D a s Science Plan
In Oc obe 2000, he In e na ional
A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC)
sponso ed an in e na ional A c ic Coas al
Dynamics (ACD) wo kshop in Po sdam,
Ge many. Ele en pa icipan s om
Canada, Ge many, No way, Russia, and
he Uni ed S a es e iewed esul s om
he No embe 1999 wo kshop held in
Woods Hole, Massachuse s (see Wi ness
Sp ing 2000) and de eloped a phased i e-
yea Science and Implemen a ion Plan. The
o e all objec i e o he plan is o imp o e
unde s anding o he dynamics o he
200,000-km ci cuma c ic coas al ma gin,
whe e pe ma os and sea ice play key
oles, unde he in luence o en i onmen-
al changes and geologic con ols.
The plan consis s o wo in e ela ed
componen s:
• a se ies o coo dina ed ac i i ies o assess
and syn hesize exis ing in o ma ion; and
• p oposed ocused esea ch p ojec s and
long- e m obse a ions.
This esea ch will se e as a basis o
gene a ing and upda ing maps and models
o p edic ing coas al sensi i i y.
The IASC Council will conside he
plan o app o al a i s Ap il 2001 mee ing
(see a icle his page). The ACD S ee ing
Commi ee is pu suing coo dina ion wi h
ela ed p og ams and seeking unds.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ACD
web page (www.awi-po sdam.de/www-
po /geo/acd.h ml), o con ac Je y B own
in Woods Hole, MA (508/457-4982; ax
508/457-4982; [email p o ec ed]) o
Volke Rachold in Po sdam, Ge many
(+49/331-288-2144; ax +49/331-288-
2137; [email p o ec ed]).
23
The NSF O ice o Pola P og ams is
assessing communi y in e es and
pu suing discussions owa d de eloping a
Ci cuma c ic En i onmen al Obse a o y
Ne wo k (CEON) o maximize sha ing o
and access o scien i ic obse a ions in he
da a-poo a c ic en i onmen . The CEON
ini ia i e would be an ag eemen o mea-
su e he same hings, a he same ime, in
he same way—as much as possible—and
o use he in e ne o sha e esul s in nea
eal ime. The measu ed a iables would
be de ined by scien is s; s a ion manage s
and agency o icials would be in ol ed
only in implemen a ion and unding.
The p oposed CEON ne wo k ocuses
on e es ial si es (see igu e), because
many such esea ch s a ions al eady exis
and because he Fo um o A c ic Resea ch
Ope a o s (FARO; see Wi ness Sp ing/
Au umn 1999) wo king g oup ecom-
mended es ic ing ini ial e o s o land
s a ions. The CEON app oach, in con-
cep , also applies o ocean obse a o ies.
P og ams such as ASOF (see abo e) and
NSF Pu sues Ini ia i e o Coo dina e A c ic Measu emen s
SEARCH (see page 8) will likely use simi-
la app oaches o ocean obse a o ies.
Fo CEON o become a eali y, coun-
ies wi h a c ic in e es s would ha e o
in ol e hei own s a ions and con ibu e
o main aining o eopening selec ed Rus-
sian s a ions. Bo h he U.S. Na ional Oce-
anic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion and
NSF a e in e es ed in such join esea ch
s a ion p og ams. Ge many has al eady
made signi ican con ibu ions o he in a-
s uc u e o he A c ic and An a c ic Re-
sea ch Ins i u e in S . Pe e sbu g.
NSF has asked ARCUS o wo k wi h
he in e na ional a c ic esea ch commu-
ni y o assess in e es h ough an online
su ey p ocess and discussions a se e al
a c ic mee ings and o coo dina e he U.S.
communi y’s con ibu ions o CEON’s
de elopmen . The e is s ong in e es in
collabo a ing wi h ENVINET, he Eu o-
pean Ne wo k o A c ic-Alpine Mul idis-
ciplina y Resea ch. ENVINET (www.
npola .no/en ine /index.h ml), unded by
he Eu opean Union and managed by he
In e na ional News
S e d up Symposium Focuses on A c ic/Suba c ic Oceans
Po en ial si es o a Ci cuma c ic En i onmen al
Obse a o y Ne wo k (illus a ion p epa ed by S.
Mi chell).
App oxima ely 70 in e na ional scien-
is s assembled o he H.U. S e d up
Symposium a he Pola En i onmen al
Cen e in T omsø, No way in Sep embe
2000. The No wegian Pola Ins i u e
(NPI) and he F am Commi ee hos ed
he symposium commemo a ing he Maud
expedi ion o he A c ic, which concluded
75 yea s ago. P o esso H.U. S e d up,
who la e became di ec o o Sc ipps
Ins i u ion o Oceanog aphy and o he
No wegian Pola Ins i u e (see Membe
Inse ), was esponsible o he scien i ic
aspec s o he Maud expedi ion.
The symposium p o ided a cu en
assessmen o he ole o ocean/sea-ice/
a mosphe e in e ac ion in pola and sub-
pola clima es. P esen a ions included:
• mixing and exchange p ocesses,
• luxes,
• deep wa e o ma ion, and
• shel p ocesses.
The p oceedings will be published in Pola
Resea ch in la e 2001.
A wo kshop on A c ic/Sub-A c ic
Ocean Fluxes (ASOF) ollowed he
S e d up Symposium. The ASOF p o-
g am is an in e na ional e o o measu e
clima ically impo an oceanic exchanges
be ween he a c ic and suba c ic seas (see
Wi ness Sp ing 2000). Wo king g oups
add essed he ollowing opics:
• ocean luxes,
• shel -basin in e ac ions,
• deep sea p ocesses,
• sea ice, and
• paleoclima e.
Pa icipan s also discussed me hods and
pla o ms o measu emen s (e.g., sa elli es,
a ailable ice-going essels, new echnolo-
gies) and ways o achie ing in e na ional
unding coope a ion.
The wo kshop was o ganized by Ola
O heim o No way; he wo kshop epo
is a ailable on he ASOF sec ions o he
NPI (www.aso .npola .no) and he Uni-
e si y o Washing on (h p://psc.apl.
washing on.edu/sea ch/ASOF.h ml) web
si es. The wo kshop es ablished he ASOF
In e na ional Science S ee ing G oup,
chai ed by Bob Dickson o he U.K. The
S ee ing G oup is pu posely o ganized
in o wo g oups—ASOF-Wes and ASOF-
Eas . Membe s o ASOF-Wes include
Pe e Rhines (Depu y Chai ), John
Calde , Eddy Ca mack, Tom Haine, Ma k
Johnson, C aig Lee, Cecilie Mau i zen,
Mike McCa ney, Rich Pawlowicz, Simon
P insenbe g, Se gey P yamiko , Tom Pyle,
Pe e Schlosse , and a o-be-de e mined
ep esen a i e om Japan. Membe s o
ASOF-Eas a e Jens Meincke (Depu y
Chai ), Ha y B yden, Ebe ha d Fah bach,
Bogi Hansen, Edmond H. Hansen, Pe e
Haugan, Michael Ka che , Ha ald Loeng,
Jochem Ma o zke, Bill Tu ell, Ian Vassie,
and Richa d Wood.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he NPI
web si e (www.npola .no), o con ac Ola
O heim in T omsø (+47/7775-0620; ax
+47/7775-0501; ola .o heim@
npola .no).
No wegian Pola Ins i u e, is an en i on-
men al esea ch ne wo k o 17 esea ch
s a ions in No he n Eu ope.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac A c ic
Science Sec ion Head Tom Pyle a NSF in
A ling on, VA (703/292-8029; ax 703/
292-9082; [email p o ec ed]).
Ba ow
Summi
Kange lussuaq
Abisko
Kilpisjä i
Ke o
T omsø
Zackenbe g
Longyea byen
Resolu e
Toolik
Tuk oyak uk
Thule
Ny-Ålesund
Che skii
24
In e na ional News
Educa ion News
NSF Renews Funding o Alaska Ru al Sys emic Ini ia i e
In Sep embe 2000, NSF unded he
Alaska Ru al Sys emic Ini ia i e (AKRSI)
o a second i e-yea se o ini ia i es.
This wo k, which is also suppo ed by he
Alaska Fede a ion o Na i es, began in
No embe 2000 wi h guidance om Elde s
and suppo om communi ies, educa o s,
and o ganiza ions ac oss he egion.
In Phase II, each o Alaska’s i e
cul u al egions will ha e an oppo uni y
o implemen i e ini ia i es ha we e
e y success ul in Phase I:
• Elde s and Cul u al Camps, emphasiz-
ing he Academy o Elde s;
• Indigenous Science Knowledge Base,
emphasizing he Cul u al A las;
• Cul u ally Aligned Cu iculum,
emphasizing Cul u al S anda ds;
• Na i e Ways o Knowing/Teaching,
emphasizing Pa en In ol emen ; and
• Village Science Applica ions,
emphasizing Alaska Na i e Science
and Enginee ing Socie y camps.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he Alaska
Na i e Knowledge Ne wo k web si e
(www.ankn.ua .edu) o con ac Sean
Topkok in Fai banks, AK (907/474-5897;
ax 907/474-5615; [email p o ec ed]).
Geog aphy Shapes Ways o Knowing
In Oc obe 2000, he Sco Pola
Resea ch Ins i u e (SPRI) o med a new
esea ch g oup o examine socio- echnical
changes in he A c ic and An a c ica. The
new Science and De elopmen G oup
aspi es o examine how he in e ace
be ween social and na u al science
s uc u es bo h:
• me hods o inqui y, and
• he e ms in which he pola egions
a e b oadly concei ed.
Resea che s a he Science and De el-
opmen G oup ha e s ong disciplina y
allegiances o geog aphy, his o y o sci-
ence, and an h opology. They a e pu su-
ing compa a i e s udies o scien i ic and
echnological p ac ices in di e en
poli ical egions o he A c ic o be e
unde s and he cul u al basis o :
• esea ch e hics,
• p ocesses o c oss-cul u al consensus
building, and
• he long- e m p ospec s o sus ainable
managemen o esea ch en i onmen s.
The oles ha mapping and communica-
ions echnologies—including emo e
sensing image y—play in de elopmen a e
conside ed pi o al o unde s anding he
changing poli ical con igu a ions and
egimes o en i onmen al managemen .
The g oup inco po a es his o ical
s udies (e.g., he his o y o ieldwo k in he
na u al and social sciences, he o ma ion
o scien i ic disciplines, geog aphical
concep s o he egion) in o i s analysis o
knowledge claims and de elopmen issues.
His o ical p eceden s can be used o
unde s and new con o e sies o e opics
as di e se as he Icelandic human genome
p ojec o he conse a ion o Lake Vos ok
in An a c ica.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Michael
B a o in Camb idge, UK (+44/1223-
336561; ax +44/1223-336549; mb124@
cus.cam.ac.uk).
In Phase II o AKRSI, each o Alaska’s i e cul u al egions will ha e an oppo uni y o implemen i e ini ia i es ha
we e e y success ul in he p ojec ’s i s i e yea s (illus a ion by Paula Elmes wi h Ray Ba nha d ).
25
Publica ions Educa ion News
In Sep embe 2000, he Ba ow A c ic
Science Conso ium (BASC) hos ed 29
jou nalis s om ac oss he U.S. on a h ee-
day Ba ow Science Communica o s Tou .
The ou , cosponso ed by BASC (see
Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999) and he
Alaska P ess Women, p eceded a con en-
ion o he Na ional Fede a ion o P ess
Women in Ancho age, Alaska. NSF p o-
ided ai a e be ween Ancho age and Ba -
ow, and ARCUS p o ided inancial and
logis ical suppo .
Mos o he pa icipan s we e science
w i e s wi h in e es s anging om wildli e
biology o languages, Na i e knowledge,
heal h, and domes ic cons uc ion. BASC
scheduled ou s and p esen a ions ha
co e ed he b oad spec um o esea ch
aking place in Ba ow, as well as oppo u-
ni ies o in e iew local specialis s and
engage local high-school s uden s. The
w i e s ou ed:
• he U.S. Depa men o Ene gy’s
A mosphe ic Radia ion Measu emen
si e (see Wi ness Au umn 1998);
• NOAA’s Clima e Moni o ing and
Diagnos ics Labo a o y acili y;
• he Na al A c ic Resea ch Labo a o y
(see Wi ness Au umn 1997);
• he San Diego S a e Uni e si y esea ch
ai c a ha is used o measu e a mo-
sphe ic ca bon and ene gy luxes;
• he Iñupia He i age Cen e ;
• Ipalook Elemen a y School and i s Sola
Sys em (see Wi ness Au umn 1998);
• he No h Slope Bo ough (NSB)
Depa men o Wildli e Managemen
and A c ic Resea ch Facili y;
• NSB Sea ch and Rescue Facili y; and
• he Ba ow U ili ies and Elec ic Coop-
e a i e unde g ound u ilido , which
deli e s wa e in pe ma os condi ions.
P esen a ions in oduced he w i e s o
iceb eake science; wildli e con aminan s
esea ch; beluga whaling, eleme y, and
age es ima ion; snowy owl esea ch; he
use o sa elli e image y o moni o sea ice;
he use o op ical signals o moni o unc-
ional changes in he a c ic ecosys em;
Iñupia language and cul u e; and he eli-
ance o No h Slope science on Iñupia
adi ional knowledge.
One o BASC’s goals is o d aw mo e
esea che s and esea ch p ojec s o he
Science W i e s Tou Ba ow Resea ch Si es
Ame ican A c ic. The o ganiza ion ecog-
nizes ha “p ess co e age o a c ic science
p ojec s and science issues is an impo an
way o inc ease ecogni ion o he No h
among po en ial esea che s in he Uni ed
S a es and a ound he wo ld.”
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac BASC
P esiden Richa d Glenn and Execu i e
Di ec o Glenn Sheehan in Ba ow, AK
(888/627-5724 o 907/852-4881; ax
907/852-4882; [email p o ec ed]).
CIRES G oup ge s K–12 Teache s
in o he Field
Since 1996, he Coope a i e Ins i u e
o Resea ch in En i onmen al Sci-
ences (CIRES) in Boulde , Colo ado has
included an ou each g oup ha o ganizes
Ea h science educa ion p og ams o
eache s using a “place-based” app oach.
He e, lea ning is h ough inqui y abou
he immedia e en i onmen , and eache s
and scien is s wo k oge he in he ield.
One o he p ojec s un by he CIRES
Ou each P og am is Ea hwo ks, an
inqui y-based p o essional de elopmen
wo kshop o science eache s. Seconda y
science eache s wo k wi h scien is s o
de elop and conduc a week-long esea ch
p ojec on he wa e , ai , soils, o li ing
o ganisms a he wo kshop’s moun ain
si e. Acco ding o P og am Di ec o Susan
Buh , “ eache s gain expe ience wi h scien-
i ic inqui y hemsel es, so hey a e be e
p epa ed o go back and do eal inqui y
wi h hei s uden s.”
A e he week a Ea hwo ks, Ca hi
Koehle (Manches e , CT) ook he high-
school ea h science classes ou side o
s udy hei soils, and hen she ook he
own scien i ic cu iosi y o new ex emes—
o he summi o he G eenland ice shee .
The CIRES ou each g oup in oduced
Koehle o CIRES esea che Koni S e en
and g adua e s uden Nicolas Cullen, and
helped hem apply o unding om
NSF’s Teache s Expe iencing An a c ica
and he A c ic P og am (TEA; see page
26). Koehle wo ked wi h he scien is s o
a mon h a Summi , digging snow pi s and
moni o ing clouds, some imes in bi e
a c ic winds, o s udy he mo emen o
ene gy, mois u e, and eac i e chemicals
be ween su ace snow and he a mosphe e.
The alue o he ield expe ience was
no jus pe sonal g ow h o Koehle . He
deepened unde s anding o how science
wo ks has inspi ed he o ake he s uden s
ou side o do hei own ield s udies. She
says she sees mo e links be ween Ea h’s
many sys ems, applies o mo e g an s o
equipmen and p ojec s, and ades ideas
wi h a na ionwide ne wo k o c ea i e
science eache s.
The CIRES ou each g oup has
lea ned much abou wha helps o in ol e
scien is s e ec i ely in ou each:
• social esponsibili y—an in e es in
public o local educa ion—and pe sonal
enjoymen a e scien is s’ main mo i a-
ions o pa icipa e in ou each;
• ou each oles o scien is s— isi ing
class ooms, men o ing, communica ing
online—mus make e icien use o
hei ime;
• pe sonal connec ions help CIRES s a
ma ch scien is s wi h app op ia e
oppo uni ies; and
• isible suppo om o he s in he
science communi y encou ages new
scien is s o pa icipa e in ou each.
CIRES is a join esea ch ins i u e o
he Uni e si y o Colo ado and he
Na ional Oceanog aphic and A mosphe ic
Adminis a ion’s Boulde labs, whose
a ilia ed esea che s s udy opics om
en i onmen al chemis y o geophysics.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, o o an
Ea hwo ks applica ion, see he CIRES
web si e (h p://ci es.colo ado.edu/~k12/),
o con ac Tama a Palme in Boulde , CO
(303/492-5670; ax 303/492-1149; k12@
ci es.colo ado.edu).