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The ela ionship be ween concen a ion ac o s in he class oom
and academic achie emen mo i a ion in medical s uden s
Mahin Nos a zehi 1 , Azizollah A babisa jou 2 , Shahin Nos a zehi 3* , Mohammad Nos a zehi 4
1Depa men o In e nal Medicine, School o Medicine, Ali IbneAbi aleb Hospi al, Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Science, Zahedan, I an.
2Depa men o Nu sing, School o Nu sing and Midwi e y, Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I an.
3Depa men o In e nal Medicine, School o Medicine, Gene ics o Non-communicable Disease Resea ch Cen e , Ali lbne Abi aleb
Hospi al, Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I an.
4School o Medicine, Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I an.
A icle in o Abs ac
In oduc ion
Imp o ing he quali y o educa ion in uni e si ies is no
a new conce n, bu i has gained signi ican a en ion in
ecen yea s [1]. Enhancing he educa ion o medical
s uden s is especially impo an , as hei aining di ec ly
impac s he heal h o indi iduals and socie y a la ge [2].
One key ac o in luencing educa ional quali y is how
e ec i ely p o esso s engage s uden s, which is closely
ela ed o he concen a ion le els o s uden s in he
class oom [3]. Concen a ion is bo h a beha io al and
cogni i e p ocess, in ol ing he selec ion and ocus on a
desi ed goal while igno ing i ele an in o ma ion. In
essence, concen a ion means di ec ing he mind o a
speci ic a ge amids a ious dis ac ions [4]. I is c ucial
o ensu ing ha lea ning occu s e ec i ely, leading o
academic p og ess. A common issue in educa ion is he
lack o concen a ion du ing classes, semina s, and
con e ences. Many a endees who ini ially show
en husiasm o en lose ocus and become dis ac ed [5].
Va ious s udies ha e iden i ied ac o s ha a ec
s uden s' concen a ion, including eache cha ac e is ics,
eaching me hods, sleep diso de s, class iming, and
pa icipa ion le els [6]. No ably, e idence indica es ha
s uden s end o be mos ocused when sea ed in he on
ow o he class oom [7]. S udies indica e ha academic
success is in luenced by he in e ac ion o a ious
si ua ional a iables, such as class schedules, eaching
A icle his o y:
Recei ed 2 Jun. 2024
Accep ed 19 Oc . 2025
Published 14 Ap . 2025
Nos a zehi e al. J Med Edu De . 2025; 18(1): 106-114 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion
De elopmen
Backg ound & Objec i e: One o he key ac o s in luencing he quali y o educa ion is he
e ec i e eaching p ac ices o p o esso s, which a e closely linked o he concen a ion le els
o s uden s in he class oom. Addi ionally, academic mo i a ion plays a c ucial ole in
enhancing he lea ning expe ience. This s udy aims o in es iga e he ela ionship be ween
class oom concen a ion ac o s and academic achie emen mo i a ion among medical s uden s
a Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences.
Ma e ials & Me hods: In his c oss-sec ional s udy, 273 s uden s om basic science and
p epa a o y clinical cou ses comple ed ques ionnai es om 22 Oc obe o No embe 20, 2023.
The da a collec ion ools included wo ques ionnai es: one ocused on class oom concen a ion
and he o he on academic mo i a ion. The da a we e analyzed using independen - es s,
Analysis o Va iance (ANOVA), and Pea son's co ela ion coe icien .
Resul s: The s udy ound ha he o al mean concen a ion sco e in he class oom was 61.5 ±
7.9. The Pea son co ela ion coe icien analysis e ealed a di ec and signi ican ela ionship
be ween mean concen a ion sco es ela ed o en i onmen al ac o s and p o esso
cha ac e is ics and he academic mo i a ion o s uden s. Addi ionally, he e was a di ec and
signi ican co ela ion be ween he o e all concen a ion sco e in class and academic mo i a ion
( = 0.174, p = 0.004).
Conclusion: I appea s ha as academic achie emen mo i a ion in s uden s inc eases, hei
concen a ion in class also imp o es. The e o e, o enhance he quali y o eaching and lea ning
h ough a ious me hods, e o s should be made o boos academic achie emen mo i a ion.
Keywo ds: medical, s uden , academic pe o mance, mo i a ion
*Co esponding au ho :
Shahin Nos a zehi, Depa men o
In e nal Medicine, Gene ics o Non-
communicable Disease Resea ch
Cen e , Ali lbne Abi aleb Hospi al,
School o Medicine, Zahedan
Uni e si y o Medical Sciences,
Zahedan, I an.
Email: shnos a [email protected]
O iginal A icle
How o ci e his a icle:
Nos a zehi M, A babisa jou A,
Nos a zehi Sh, Nos a zehi M. The
ela ionship be ween concen a ion
ac o s in he class oom and academic
achie emen mo i a ion in medical
s uden s. J Med Edu De . 2025;
18(1): 106-114.
[ DOI: 10.61186/edcj.18.1.106 ] [ Downloaded om edujou nal.zums.ac.i on 2025-10-03 ]
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Nos a zehi e al
.
: Concen a ion and mo i a ion in medical s uden s
Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1¦ 2025 107
me hods, physical and emo ional condi ions, s uden s'
a i udes owa d educa ional issues, and hei mo i a ion
o ad ance. A combina ion o in e nal and ex e nal
mo i a ions plays a c ucial ole in guiding s uden s'
beha io s and academic ac i i ies [8]. Resea ch
consis en ly shows a s ong ela ionship be ween
academic mo i a ion and pe o mance among s uden s
[9]. Mo i a ed beha io is cha ac e ized by high ene gy,
goal o ien a ion, and a s uc u ed app oach. Fo medical
s uden s, mo i a ion is especially i al, d i ing hem o
pe sis in achie ing hei goals and a aining highe le els
o success [10]. Academic achie emen mo i a ion
e e s o beha io s ha p omo e lea ning and
ad ancemen . Common indica o s o academic
mo i a ion include pe sis ence in comple ing
challenging assignmen s, diligen e o owa d
mas e ing ma e ial, and choosing asks ha equi e
signi ican e o [11]. Consequen ly, mo i a ion o
academic p og ess—o en e e ed o as in e nal
mo i a ion—is a psychological s a e ha a ises when
indi iduals belie e hey possess he necessa y skills and
au onomy o succeed [12]. A s udy conduc ed in New
Zealand ound ha s uden s who epo ed a highe
quali y o li e and a g ea e mo i a ion o lea n achie ed
be e academic ou comes, highligh ing he impo ance
o a suppo i e lea ning en i onmen [13]. Simila ly,
esea ch om Sou h Ko ea indica ed ha in insic
mo i a ion was signi ican ly highe among emale
s uden s, posi i ely in luencing hei pe cei ed academic
pe o mance [14]. C oss-cul u al s udies sugges ha
Malaysian s uden s display g ea e in insic mo i a ion
han hei U.S. coun e pa s, indica ing ha cul u al
ac o s play a c ucial ole in shaping academic
mo i a ion [15]. So a , no s udies ha e in es iga ed he
ela ionship be ween class oom concen a ion and
academic achie emen mo i a ion among I anian
s uden s. Gi en he c ucial ole medical s uden s play in
ensu ing and p omo ing public heal h, and conside ing
he exis ing gap in esea ch on he ac o s a ec ing
class oom concen a ion and he academic mo i a ion o
medical s uden s, he p esen s udy aims o explo e his
ela ionship a Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences.
Ma e ials & Me hods
Design and se ing(s)
The p esen esea ch is designed as a c oss-sec ional
co ela ional s udy. Da a we e collec ed om medical
s uden s a Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences om
22 OCT o No embe 20, 2023. Medical s uden s
pa icipa e in ou dis inc phases o educa ion: Basic
Sciences, P epa a o y Clinical Cou se, S age , and
In e nship. This s udy ocused on s uden s in he Basic
Sciences and P epa a o y Clinical Cou se.
Pa icipan s and sampling
Eligible pa icipan s we e selec ed using a con enience
sampling me hod. The inclusion c i e ia equi ed ha
pa icipan s be s uden s en olled in basic sciences o
p epa a o y clinical cou ses a Zahedan Uni e si y o
Medical Sciences in he p o essional doc o a e p og am,
and hey mus exp ess a desi e o pa icipa e in he
esea ch. W i en in o med consen was ob ained om
all pa icipan s, and he s udy's p ocedu es and objec i es
we e explained in de ail. The o al popula ion s udied
consis ed o 498 indi iduals, comp ising 363 s uden s in
he basic science cou se and 132 s uden s in he
p epa a o y clinical cou se. Based on he pa ame e s =
0.2 [13], α = 0.05, and β = 0.05, he minimum sample
size was calcula ed o be 221 s uden s. Howe e , o he
p esen s udy, a o al o 273 pa icipan s we e included.
221
)
1
1
(5.0
)(
2
2
1
2
1







Ln
ZZ
n

Tools/Ins umen s
In he p esen s udy, wo ques ionnai es we e u ilized,
along wi h a o m o collec demog aphic a iables such
as age, gende , educa ional le el, and place o esidence.
The ins umen s included Meh alizadeh's ques ionnai e
on class oom concen a ion [29] and he academic
mo i a ion ques ionnai e [21]. The class oom
concen a ion ques ionnai e consis ed o 21 ques ions
o ma ed in a 5-poin Like scale, anging om " e y
li le" o " e y much." I was di ided in o h ee
dimensions:
P o esso - ela ed ac o s (10 ques ions, sco ing ange 10
o 50), wi h sco es ca ego ized as weak (10 o 23),
medium (24 o 36), and good (37 o 50). S uden - ela ed
ac o s (8 ques ions, sco ing ange 8 o 40), wi h sco es
classi ied as weak (8 o 20), medium (21 o 30), and good
(31 o 40). En i onmen al ac o s (3 ques ions, sco ing
ange 3 o 15), wi h sco es di ided in o weak (3 o 7),
medium (8 o 11), and good (12 o 15).
This ques ionnai e was de eloped by Meh alizadeh e
al., and i s alidi y and eliabili y we e con i med wi h
273 medical s uden s [29]. The es - e es eliabili y was
e i ied using Spea man co ela ion eg ession, yielding
a coe icien o = 0.77 [16].
The academic mo i a ion ques ionnai e consis s o 43
ques ions designed o measu e ou highe -le el goals:
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108 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ 2025
abili y, pe o mance, social goals, and ex e nal goals.
Each o hese ou goals is u he di ided in o wo sub-
goals. The sub-goals include: Abili y O ien a ion, his
encompasses ask comple ion and e o . Pe o mance,
his includes compe i ion and he pu sui o ecogni ion.
Social Goals, hese ocus on social dependence and
al uism. Ex e nal Goals, his co e s encou agemen and
ewa ds.
The ques ionnai e also add esses eigh gene al
componen s ela ed o academic mo i a ion: In e es in
Homewo k, assessing choices o assignmen s in ee
condi ions and mo i a ion o comple e homewo k (4
i ems). E o , e alua ing he amoun o e o pu in o
di icul cou se ma e ials (7 i ems). Compe i i eness,
examining he d i e o compe e (6 i ems). Social Powe ,
measu ing he desi e o in luence in social se ings (6
i ems). Consis ency in G oup Wo k, looking a he
e ec i eness in collabo a i e asks (3 i ems). Social
In e es , in es iga ing engagemen wi h pee s (5 i ems).
Gaining P aise, assessing mo i a ion ela ed o ecei ing
acknowledgmen (5 i ems). Exempla y S uden
Mo i a ion, e alua ing ai s o mo i a ed s uden s (7
i ems). The g ading me hod employed was a Like scale,
whe e a sco e o 1 indica es "comple ely disag ee" and a
sco e o 5 indica es "comple ely ag ee." The eliabili y o
he o iginal e sion o he academic mo i a ion scale has
been assessed in a ious s udies, wi h C onbach's α
coe icien s anging om 0.67 o 0.82 (mean = 0.76) (17-
20). The alidi y and eliabili y o he Pe sian e sion o
he academic mo i a ion ques ionnai e we e e alua ed
by Ba zga e al. in a p e ious s udy, con i ming i s
alidi y wi h a C onbach's alpha o 0.81 [21].
In sco ing he ques ionnai e, sco es below 60 indica e
low mo i a ion, sco es om 60 o 99 indica e mode a e
mo i a ion, and a sco e o 100 indica es high mo i a ion
[17]. A e he da a was collec ed by he esea che , i
was en e ed in o SPSS so wa e e sion 24.0 o analysis.
Da a analysis
The da a we e desc ibed using desc ip i e s a is ics,
including equency, pe cen age, mean, cen al indices,
dispe sion, ables, and s a is ical cha s. Fo da a
analysis, Pea son's co ela ion coe icien was used o
assess he ela ionship be ween wo a iables, while
independen - es s we e employed o compa e mean
sco es. Addi ionally, analysis o a iance was used o
compa e he a e age sco es o concen a ion in class and
he academic mo i a ion scale ac oss mul iple g oups.
The Kolmogo o -Smi no es was applied o check o
no mali y, and he da a we e ound o be no mally
dis ibu ed.
Resul s
The mean age o he s uden s was 20.46 ± 1.95 yea s,
wi h a ange om 18 o 28 yea s. Table 1 summa izes
he sco es o ac o s a ec ing class oom concen a ion
om he medical s uden s' pe spec i e ac oss di e en
dimensions based on demog aphic cha ac e is ics.
Table 1. The sco es o ac o s in luencing concen a ion in class, as pe cei ed by medical s uden s ac oss a ious dimensions
based on demog aphic cha ac e is ics
Va iables
n (%)
P o esso - ela ed ac o s
Mean ± SD
S uden - ela ed ac o s
Mean ± SD
En i onmen - ela ed ac o s
Mean ± SD
Gende
Male
131 (48.5)
30.55 ± 4.14
22.08 ± 4.77
9.85 ± 2.54
Female
142 (51.5)
28.92 ± 4.93
21.60 ± 4.27
10.08 ± 2.60
p- alue
0.004**
0.386
0.467
Cou se le el
Basic science
156 (57.1)
29.95 ± 4.56
21.67 ± 4.81
9.46 ± 2.57
P epa a o y clinical
117 (42.9)
29.40 ± 4.71
22.05 ± 4.09
10.64 ± 2.42
p- alue
0.325
0.484
0.0001***
Ma i al s a us
Single
241 (88.3)
29.91 ± 4.40
22.10 ± 4.54
10.10 ± 2.55
Ma ied
32 (11.7)
28.18 ± 5.93
19.87 ± 3.80
9 ± 2.54
p- alue
0.040*
0.009**
0.021*
Residen ial s a us
Uni e si y's do mi o y
109 (39.9)
30.02 ± 4.22
21.82 ± 4.27
10.31 ± 2.67
Indi idual housing
69 (25.3)
30.38 ± 4.28
21.40 ± 5.12
9.24 ± 2.38
Family housing
95 (34.8)
28.87 ± 5.20
22.17 ± 4.33
10.11 ± 2.50
p- alue
0.081
0.542
0.023*
No e: One-way ANOVA es was used o compa e pa icipan s based on quan i a i e demog aphic a iables. The signi icance le els a e indica ed as ollows:
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Abb e ia ions: n, numbe o pa icipan s; SD, s anda d de ia ion; Sig, s a is ical signi icance; p, p obabili y- alue.
[ DOI: 10.61186/edcj.18.1.106 ] [ Downloaded om edujou nal.zums.ac.i on 2025-10-03 ]
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Nos a zehi e al
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: Concen a ion and mo i a ion in medical s uden s
Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1¦ 2025 109
The mean sco es o concen a ion in class ac oss all
dimensions we e highe o single s uden s compa ed o
ma ied s uden s (p < 0.05). Addi ionally, he mean
sco es o ac o s in luencing concen a ion in class we e
signi ican ly highe o boys han o gi ls in he
dimension ela ed o he p o esso (p = 0.004).
The esul s indica ed ha he o e all mean concen a ion
in class was 61.5 ± 7.9, wi h a ange om 41 o 87.
Speci ically, he mean concen a ion in class o ac o s
ela ed o he p o esso was 29.7 ± 4.6, anging om 19
o 41. Fo dimensions ela ed o he s uden s, he mean
was 21.8 ± 4.5, wi h a ange om 11 o 37. In he
dimension o ac o s ela ed o he en i onmen , he
mean was 9.9 ± 2.5, anging om 3 o 15. Las ly, he
mean achie emen mo i a ion o he s uden s was 84.4
± 7.2, wi h a ange om 64 o 99.
Figu e 1 illus a es he equency dis ibu ion o
academic achie emen mo i a ion ac oss low, medium,
and high-sco ing g oups among medical s uden s. Table
2 p esen s he mean sco es o academic achie emen
mo i a ion o s uden s in di e en dimensions based on
demog aphic cha ac e is ics. The mean sco e o
academic achie emen mo i a ion is signi ican ly ela ed
o ma i al s a us (p = 0.001).
Figu e 1. The equency dis ibu ion o s uden s based on hei academic achie emen mo i a ion,
ca ego ized in o low, mode a e, and high sco e g oups.
Table 2. The sco es o he school mo i a ion in en o y among medical s uden s ac oss di e en
dimensions, ca ego ized by demog aphic cha ac e is ics
Va iables
Mean±SD
n (%)
In en o y o School
Mo i a ion
Mean ± SD
p- alue
Gende
Male
130 (48.2)
84.76 ± 7.92
0.445
Female
140 (51.8)
84.09 ± 6.63
Cou se le el
Basic science
153 (56.6)
83.67 ± 7.33
0.052*
P epa a o y clinical
117 (43.4)
85.40 ± 7.11
Ma i al s a us
Single
239 (88.5)
84.92 ± 7.30
0.001***
Ma ied
31 (11.5)
80.51 ± 5.88
Residen ial s a us
Uni e si y's do mi o y
106 (39.3)
84.47 ± 7.83
0.361
Indi idual housing
69 (25.5)
83.43 ± 7.72
Family housing
95 (35.2)
85.07 ± 6.22
No e: One-way ANOVA es was used o compa e pa icipan s based on quan i a i e demog aphic a iables. The signi icance le els a e
indica ed as ollows: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.
Abb e ia ions: n, numbe o pa icipan s; SD, s anda d de ia ion; p, p obabili y- alue.
[ DOI: 10.61186/edcj.18.1.106 ] [ Downloaded om edujou nal.zums.ac.i on 2025-10-03 ]
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Nos a zehi e al
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: Concen a ion and mo i a ion in medical s uden s
110 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ 2025
In his s udy, he Pea son co ela ion coe icien
indica ed a di ec and signi ican ela ionship be ween
academic achie emen mo i a ion sco es and e ec i e
ac o s o concen a ion in class ac oss wo dimensions.
The o al sco e also demons a ed signi icance (Table 3).
Addi ionally, he ela ionship be ween he sco es o
e ec i e ac o s o concen a ion in class ac oss di e en
dimensions and he academic achie emen mo i a ion
sco es o medical s uden s was signi ican (p = 0.004).
Table 3. Co ela ion coe icien s and he ela ionships be ween he sco es o ac o s a ec ing concen a ion in class ac oss di e en
dimensions and he sco es o academic achie emen mo i a ion among medical s uden s
Fac o s a ec ing concen a ion in he class
To al Sco e
P o esso - ela ed
Fac o s
S uden - ela ed
Fac o s
En i onmen -
ela ed Fac o s
Academic
Achie emen
Mo i a ion
n
269
269
270
270
0.174
0.162
0.053
0.150
p- alue
0.004**
0.008**
0.384
0.014*
No e: The signi icance le el is indica ed as ollows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
Abb e ia ions: n, numbe o pa icipan s; , co ela ion coe icien .
Discussion
This s udy e ealed ha ac o s ela ed o he p o esso
ha e he g ea es impac on concen a ion in he
class oom, ollowed by ac o s ela ed o he s uden s
hemsel es, which can also dis up concen a ion.
Fu he mo e, mos s uden s exhibi ed a mode a e le el o
academic mo i a ion o p og ess. This inding aligns
wi h he p e ious esea ch conduc ed by Ma zban e al.
in 2019 [22] and he s udy by Abdul ahman e al. in he
Uni ed A ab Emi a es [23].
The e o e, i appea s ha he eaching me hods and
class oom managemen p ac ices o p o esso s
signi ican ly a ec s uden s' le els o concen a ion. In
his con ex , i is essen ial o conduc wo kshops and
ga he eedback om p o esso s o enhance class oom
ocus. Rega ding academic mo i a ion, he esul s
sugges ha s uden s may no possess a high le el o
mo i a ion. Fu he s udies should be conduc ed o
explo e he unde lying causes o his lack o mo i a ion,
and he indings should be communica ed o highe
au ho i ies.
In a s udy by Se a ya i Ka o e al. in 2018, conduc ed
on high school s uden s, he mean sco es we e as ollows:
28.98 ± 5.79 o ac o s ela ed o he eache , 29.07 ±
5.76 o ac o s ela ed o he s uden , and 8.20 ± 2.00 o
en i onmen al ac o s. These esul s a e consis en wi h
he p esen s udy ega ding he le els o sco es ob ained
in each ca ego y. I is impo an o no e ha he esea ch
popula ion in hei s udy consis ed o high school
s uden s [8].
A s udy by Balla d e al. in he Uni ed S a es [24]
demons a ed ha academic mo i a ion in s uden s is
linked o he mo i a ion and jus i ica ion p o ided by
p o esso s. This s udy also ound ha mo i a ion o
academic p og ess signi ican ly a ec s s uden s'
concen a ion in class. The e o e, o enhance s uden
concen a ion and subsequen ly imp o e lea ning, i is
c ucial no only o add ess ac o s ha dis up
concen a ion bu also o mo i a e s uden s h ough
a ious means.
Acco ding o p e ious s udies [8, 25], one key ac o ha
inc eases s uden mo i a ion is he beha io and
explana ions o he espec i e p o esso , sugges ing ha
p o esso s should s i e o be mo e jus i iable in hei
eaching me hods. In con as , he s udy by Mella d e al.
in he Uni ed S a es [25] ound ha mos s uden s had
high academic achie emen mo i a ion, which di e s
om he indings o he p esen s udy.
Acco ding o he esul s o he p esen s udy [25], he
mean sco es o class oom concen a ion ela ed o
ac o s associa ed wi h he p o esso we e signi ican ly
highe in male s uden s compa ed o emale s uden s.
O he aspec s o class oom concen a ion did no show
signi ican di e ences be ween gende s. This inding
con as s wi h he s udy by Ma zban e al. [22], which
e ealed a s a is ically signi ican di e ence in s uden s'
opinions abou en i onmen al ac o s be ween he wo
gende s, wi h emales deeming hese en i onmen al
ac o s mo e impo an han hei male coun e pa s.
I appea s ha male s uden s in his s udy may pe cei e
he eache 's e hics and beha io as mo e in luen ial in
os e ing concen a ion han emales do. Al hough his
di e ence was no s a is ically signi ican , emale
s uden s epo ed ha en i onmen al ac o s played a
g ea e ole in enhancing ocus in class. This aligns wi h
indings om s udies by Aliabadi e al. in I an [26] and
Sil a e al. in B azil [27], which also sugges ed ha
emales place g ea e emphasis on en i onmen al ac o s
in ela ion o class oom concen a ion.
Ano he inding o his s udy was ha mean sco es o
class oom concen a ion ac oss all dimensions we e
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highe in single s uden s compa ed o ma ied s uden s.
The analysis o a iance indica ed ha he mean
concen a ion sco es o s uden s li ing alone we e
signi ican ly lowe han hose o o he s uden s,
pa icula ly ega ding en i onmen al ac o s. P e ious
s udies ha e no ocused on hese speci ic a iables;
howe e , i appea s ha unma ied s uden s iew all
h ee en i onmen al ac o s as mo e signi ican
con ibu o s o hei lack o concen a ion in class han
ma ied s uden s do. This pe cep ion may indica e ha
single s uden s expe ience a lowe le el o concen a ion,
as hey iden i y nume ous ac o s as dis ac ions. One
possible explana ion o his could be he highe le els o
in ellec ual conce ns and issues aced by unma ied
s uden s compa ed o hei ma ied coun e pa s [28].
In his s udy, he mean sco es o mo i a ion o academic
p og ess in he s uden s o he p epa a o y clinical cou se
a e highe han he basic science s uden s. Conside ing
ha basic science s uden s come om a newe g oup o
s uden s, i seems ha he academic mo i a ion o
s uden s dec eases yea by yea and his issue should be
conside ed mo e. They ha e adap ed o he en i onmen
and gi en ha hey ha e comple ed a cou se, hey ha e
mo e hope and wi h he in luence o highe -yea
s uden s, hey ha e be e academic mo i a ion.
Howe e , his esul is no consis en wi h Meh alizadeh
e al.'s p e ious s udy in I an [29].
Pea son's co ela ion coe icien analysis e ealed ha
mean sco es o class oom concen a ion, speci ically
ega ding en i onmen al ac o s and p o esso - ela ed
elemen s, ha e a di ec and signi ican ela ionship wi h
s uden s' academic achie emen mo i a ion.
Addi ionally, he p esen s udy indica ed a di ec and
signi ican co ela ion be ween he o al concen a ion
sco e in class and academic achie emen mo i a ion.
This inding aligns wi h Wu e al.'s p e ious s udy in
China, which ound ha s uden s lacking academic
mo i a ion end o neglec concen a ion in class and may
e en p e e a c owded and diso ganized class oom
en i onmen [30].
In summa y, ecognizing ha concen a ion is a skill ha
can be de eloped sugges s ha modi ying ce ain s uden
beha io s could be bene icial. This includes
implemen ing daily planning o ensu e adequa e es , as
well as conduc ing psychological wo kshops aimed a
add essing low concen a ion le els in class [31, 32].
Fu he mo e, p o esso s should ocus on he ele ance o
cou se opics o c ea e g ea e mo i a ion du ing hei
eaching [33]. Imp o ing en i onmen al ac o s, such as
he physical condi ions o he class oom, could also be
an e ec i e s ep in enhancing concen a ion [33]. Gi en
he impo ance o his opic, i is c ucial o conduc
speci ic s udies o in es iga e he causes o low academic
mo i a ion among medical s uden s, especially in ecen
yea s. I necessa y, his in o ma ion should be
communica ed o ele an adminis a o s and o icials o
help imp o e he well-being o hese s uden s,
pa icula ly hose who a e a om hei amilies.
Academic pe o mance encompasses no only academic
p og ess bu also he abili y o plan, mo i a e onesel ,
manage anxie y, se e ec i e goals, and engage in
ele an ac i i ies [34, 35]. Nume ous s udies indica e
ha dep ession and anxie y can nega i ely impac
academic pe o mance and exace ba e lea ning
di icul ies [36, 37].
In ol ing men al heal h specialis s, employing ained
pe sonnel o assis s uden s in challenging si ua ions,
p o iding bo h ma e ial and psychological incen i es,
and o e ing essen ial in o ma ion abou men al heal h
should be key componen s o he au ho i ies' plans.
These ini ia i es can help educe anxie y and s ess,
which in u n can boos academic mo i a ion and
imp o e he o e all suppo se ices a ailable o
s uden s. Such ac ions can e ec i ely enhance s uden s'
ocus and mo i a ion.
In discussing he limi a ions o his esea ch, i is
impo an o no e ha mo i a ion is in luenced by a ious
ac o s, including income, o e all heal h, and amily
socio-economic s a us. Ano he limi a ion conce ns he
gene alizabili y o he esul s o o he uni e si y s uden s
and ields o s udy; such gene aliza ion should be
app oached wi h cau ion. Ou sample consis ed solely o
medical s uden s en olled in he Basic Sciences and
P epa a o y Clinical Cou se.
Conclusion
I appea s ha as academic mo i a ion in s uden s
inc eases, so oo does hei concen a ion in class.
The e o e, o enhance he quali y o eaching and
lea ning h ough a ious me hods, i is essen ial o os e
academic mo i a ion. In addi ion o p o iding
educa ional esou ces and a conduci e lea ning
en i onmen , a sa e and calm a mosphe e, and
expe ienced p o esso s, posi i e and cons uc i e
in e ac ions g ounded in social skills a e c ucial.
E ec i e in e pe sonal ela ionships be ween s uden s
and p o esso s can c ea e a pleasan en i onmen
cha ac e ized by sa is ac o y communica ion, guiding us
owa d achie ing meaning ul educa ional goals.
Recognizing ha concen a ion is a skill ha can be
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112 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ 2025
de eloped, i is possible o s eng hen s uden s' ocus in
class by changing ce ain beha io al pa e ns. This can
be achie ed h ough e ec i e ime managemen o
ensu e adequa e es , emphasizing he p ac icali y o
cou se opics, os e ing mo i a ion among s uden s, and
imp o ing en i onmen al ac o s, including he physical
condi ions o he class oom. These s eps can
signi ican ly enhance concen a ion in he class oom.
E hical conside a ions
The p esen s udy was conduc ed in acco dance wi h he
Decla a ion o Helsinki and he E hical Guidelines o
Medical and Heal h Resea ch es ablished by he Minis y
o Heal h and Medical Educa ion and he Minis y o
Science, Resea ch and Technology in I an. We ecei ed
app o al om he E hics Re iew Commi ee o Zahedan
Uni e si y o Medical Sciences, I an (Regis a ion No.
IR.ZAUMS.REC.1401.184).
A i icial in elligence u iliza ion o a icle
w i ing
The au ho s decla e ha hey ha e no u ilized any o m
o gene a i e a i icial in elligence in he w i ing o his
manusc ip , no o he c ea ion o da a, ables, o hei
cap ions.
Acknowledgmen
The au ho s would like o hank Zahedan Uni e si y o
Medical Sciences.
Con lic o in e es s a emen
The au ho s decla e ha hey ha e no con lic o in e es .
Au ho con ibu ions
M.N. designed and conduc ed he s udy and co-w o e he
pape . A.A. and Sh.N. con ibu ed o esea ch planning,
analyzed he da a, and d a ed he manusc ip wi h inpu
om all au ho s. M.N. collec ed he da a and wo ked on
he ini ial d a o he manusc ip . All au ho s e iewed
and app o ed he inal e sion o he manusc ip .
Funding
The cu en esea ch was unded by a speci ic p ojec
g an om Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences.
Da a a ailabili y s a emen
The da a ha suppo he indings o his s udy a e a ailable on
eques om he co esponding au ho .
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