The relationship between concentration factors in the classroom and academic achievement motivation in medical students

Copy igh © 2025 Zanjan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences. Published by Zanjan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences. This wo k is licensed unde a C ea i e Commons A ibu ion-NonComme cial 4.0 In e na ional license (h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by- nc/4.0/). Noncomme cial uses o he wo k a e pe mi ed, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. The ela ionship be ween concen a ion ac o s in he class oom and academic achie emen mo i a ion in medical s uden s Mahin Nos a zehi 1 , Azizollah A babisa jou 2 , Shahin Nos a zehi 3* , Mohammad Nos a zehi 4 1Depa men o In e nal Medicine, School o Medicine, Ali IbneAbi aleb Hospi al, Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Science, Zahedan, I an. 2Depa men o Nu sing, School o Nu sing and Midwi e y, Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I an. 3Depa men o In e nal Medicine, School o Medicine, Gene ics o Non-communicable Disease Resea ch Cen e , Ali lbne Abi aleb Hospi al, Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I an. 4School o Medicine, Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I an. A icle in o Abs ac In oduc ion Imp o ing he quali y o educa ion in uni e si ies is no a new conce n, bu i has gained signi ican a en ion in ecen yea s [1]. Enhancing he educa ion o medical s uden s is especially impo an , as hei aining di ec ly impac s he heal h o indi iduals and socie y a la ge [2]. One key ac o in luencing educa ional quali y is how e ec i ely p o esso s engage s uden s, which is closely ela ed o he concen a ion le els o s uden s in he class oom [3]. Concen a ion is bo h a beha io al and cogni i e p ocess, in ol ing he selec ion and ocus on a desi ed goal while igno ing i ele an in o ma ion. In essence, concen a ion means di ec ing he mind o a speci ic a ge amids a ious dis ac ions [4]. I is c ucial o ensu ing ha lea ning occu s e ec i ely, leading o academic p og ess. A common issue in educa ion is he lack o concen a ion du ing classes, semina s, and con e ences. Many a endees who ini ially show en husiasm o en lose ocus and become dis ac ed [5]. Va ious s udies ha e iden i ied ac o s ha a ec s uden s' concen a ion, including eache cha ac e is ics, eaching me hods, sleep diso de s, class iming, and pa icipa ion le els [6]. No ably, e idence indica es ha s uden s end o be mos ocused when sea ed in he on ow o he class oom [7]. S udies indica e ha academic success is in luenced by he in e ac ion o a ious si ua ional a iables, such as class schedules, eaching A icle his o y: Recei ed 2 Jun. 2024 Accep ed 19 Oc . 2025 Published 14 Ap . 2025 Nos a zehi e al. J Med Edu De . 2025; 18(1): 106-114 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen Backg ound & Objec i e: One o he key ac o s in luencing he quali y o educa ion is he e ec i e eaching p ac ices o p o esso s, which a e closely linked o he concen a ion le els o s uden s in he class oom. Addi ionally, academic mo i a ion plays a c ucial ole in enhancing he lea ning expe ience. This s udy aims o in es iga e he ela ionship be ween class oom concen a ion ac o s and academic achie emen mo i a ion among medical s uden s a Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences. Ma e ials & Me hods: In his c oss-sec ional s udy, 273 s uden s om basic science and p epa a o y clinical cou ses comple ed ques ionnai es om 22 Oc obe o No embe 20, 2023. The da a collec ion ools included wo ques ionnai es: one ocused on class oom concen a ion and he o he on academic mo i a ion. The da a we e analyzed using independen - es s, Analysis o Va iance (ANOVA), and Pea son's co ela ion coe icien . Resul s: The s udy ound ha he o al mean concen a ion sco e in he class oom was 61.5 ± 7.9. The Pea son co ela ion coe icien analysis e ealed a di ec and signi ican ela ionship be ween mean concen a ion sco es ela ed o en i onmen al ac o s and p o esso cha ac e is ics and he academic mo i a ion o s uden s. Addi ionally, he e was a di ec and signi ican co ela ion be ween he o e all concen a ion sco e in class and academic mo i a ion ( = 0.174, p = 0.004). Conclusion: I appea s ha as academic achie emen mo i a ion in s uden s inc eases, hei concen a ion in class also imp o es. The e o e, o enhance he quali y o eaching and lea ning h ough a ious me hods, e o s should be made o boos academic achie emen mo i a ion. Keywo ds: medical, s uden , academic pe o mance, mo i a ion *Co esponding au ho : Shahin Nos a zehi, Depa men o In e nal Medicine, Gene ics o Non- communicable Disease Resea ch Cen e , Ali lbne Abi aleb Hospi al, School o Medicine, Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences, Zahedan, I an. Email: shnos a [email protected] O iginal A icle How o ci e his a icle: Nos a zehi M, A babisa jou A, Nos a zehi Sh, Nos a zehi M. The ela ionship be ween concen a ion ac o s in he class oom and academic achie emen mo i a ion in medical s uden s. J Med Edu De . 2025; 18(1): 106-114. [ DOI: 10.61186/edcj.18.1.106 ] [ Downloaded om edujou nal.zums.ac.i on 2025-10-03 ] 1 / 9 Nos a zehi e al . : Concen a ion and mo i a ion in medical s uden s Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1¦ 2025 107 me hods, physical and emo ional condi ions, s uden s' a i udes owa d educa ional issues, and hei mo i a ion o ad ance. A combina ion o in e nal and ex e nal mo i a ions plays a c ucial ole in guiding s uden s' beha io s and academic ac i i ies [8]. Resea ch consis en ly shows a s ong ela ionship be ween academic mo i a ion and pe o mance among s uden s [9]. Mo i a ed beha io is cha ac e ized by high ene gy, goal o ien a ion, and a s uc u ed app oach. Fo medical s uden s, mo i a ion is especially i al, d i ing hem o pe sis in achie ing hei goals and a aining highe le els o success [10]. Academic achie emen mo i a ion e e s o beha io s ha p omo e lea ning and ad ancemen . Common indica o s o academic mo i a ion include pe sis ence in comple ing challenging assignmen s, diligen e o owa d mas e ing ma e ial, and choosing asks ha equi e signi ican e o [11]. Consequen ly, mo i a ion o academic p og ess—o en e e ed o as in e nal mo i a ion—is a psychological s a e ha a ises when indi iduals belie e hey possess he necessa y skills and au onomy o succeed [12]. A s udy conduc ed in New Zealand ound ha s uden s who epo ed a highe quali y o li e and a g ea e mo i a ion o lea n achie ed be e academic ou comes, highligh ing he impo ance o a suppo i e lea ning en i onmen [13]. Simila ly, esea ch om Sou h Ko ea indica ed ha in insic mo i a ion was signi ican ly highe among emale s uden s, posi i ely in luencing hei pe cei ed academic pe o mance [14]. C oss-cul u al s udies sugges ha Malaysian s uden s display g ea e in insic mo i a ion han hei U.S. coun e pa s, indica ing ha cul u al ac o s play a c ucial ole in shaping academic mo i a ion [15]. So a , no s udies ha e in es iga ed he ela ionship be ween class oom concen a ion and academic achie emen mo i a ion among I anian s uden s. Gi en he c ucial ole medical s uden s play in ensu ing and p omo ing public heal h, and conside ing he exis ing gap in esea ch on he ac o s a ec ing class oom concen a ion and he academic mo i a ion o medical s uden s, he p esen s udy aims o explo e his ela ionship a Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences. Ma e ials & Me hods Design and se ing(s) The p esen esea ch is designed as a c oss-sec ional co ela ional s udy. Da a we e collec ed om medical s uden s a Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences om 22 OCT o No embe 20, 2023. Medical s uden s pa icipa e in ou dis inc phases o educa ion: Basic Sciences, P epa a o y Clinical Cou se, S age , and In e nship. This s udy ocused on s uden s in he Basic Sciences and P epa a o y Clinical Cou se. Pa icipan s and sampling Eligible pa icipan s we e selec ed using a con enience sampling me hod. The inclusion c i e ia equi ed ha pa icipan s be s uden s en olled in basic sciences o p epa a o y clinical cou ses a Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences in he p o essional doc o a e p og am, and hey mus exp ess a desi e o pa icipa e in he esea ch. W i en in o med consen was ob ained om all pa icipan s, and he s udy's p ocedu es and objec i es we e explained in de ail. The o al popula ion s udied consis ed o 498 indi iduals, comp ising 363 s uden s in he basic science cou se and 132 s uden s in he p epa a o y clinical cou se. Based on he pa ame e s = 0.2 [13], α = 0.05, and β = 0.05, he minimum sample size was calcula ed o be 221 s uden s. Howe e , o he p esen s udy, a o al o 273 pa icipan s we e included. 221 ) 1 1 (5.0 )( 2 2 1 2 1        Ln ZZ n  Tools/Ins umen s In he p esen s udy, wo ques ionnai es we e u ilized, along wi h a o m o collec demog aphic a iables such as age, gende , educa ional le el, and place o esidence. The ins umen s included Meh alizadeh's ques ionnai e on class oom concen a ion [29] and he academic mo i a ion ques ionnai e [21]. The class oom concen a ion ques ionnai e consis ed o 21 ques ions o ma ed in a 5-poin Like scale, anging om " e y li le" o " e y much." I was di ided in o h ee dimensions: P o esso - ela ed ac o s (10 ques ions, sco ing ange 10 o 50), wi h sco es ca ego ized as weak (10 o 23), medium (24 o 36), and good (37 o 50). S uden - ela ed ac o s (8 ques ions, sco ing ange 8 o 40), wi h sco es classi ied as weak (8 o 20), medium (21 o 30), and good (31 o 40). En i onmen al ac o s (3 ques ions, sco ing ange 3 o 15), wi h sco es di ided in o weak (3 o 7), medium (8 o 11), and good (12 o 15). This ques ionnai e was de eloped by Meh alizadeh e al., and i s alidi y and eliabili y we e con i med wi h 273 medical s uden s [29]. The es - e es eliabili y was e i ied using Spea man co ela ion eg ession, yielding a coe icien o = 0.77 [16]. The academic mo i a ion ques ionnai e consis s o 43 ques ions designed o measu e ou highe -le el goals: [ DOI: 10.61186/edcj.18.1.106 ] [ Downloaded om edujou nal.zums.ac.i on 2025-10-03 ] 2 / 9 Nos a zehi e al . : Concen a ion and mo i a ion in medical s uden s 108 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ 2025 abili y, pe o mance, social goals, and ex e nal goals. Each o hese ou goals is u he di ided in o wo sub- goals. The sub-goals include: Abili y O ien a ion, his encompasses ask comple ion and e o . Pe o mance, his includes compe i ion and he pu sui o ecogni ion. Social Goals, hese ocus on social dependence and al uism. Ex e nal Goals, his co e s encou agemen and ewa ds. The ques ionnai e also add esses eigh gene al componen s ela ed o academic mo i a ion: In e es in Homewo k, assessing choices o assignmen s in ee condi ions and mo i a ion o comple e homewo k (4 i ems). E o , e alua ing he amoun o e o pu in o di icul cou se ma e ials (7 i ems). Compe i i eness, examining he d i e o compe e (6 i ems). Social Powe , measu ing he desi e o in luence in social se ings (6 i ems). Consis ency in G oup Wo k, looking a he e ec i eness in collabo a i e asks (3 i ems). Social In e es , in es iga ing engagemen wi h pee s (5 i ems). Gaining P aise, assessing mo i a ion ela ed o ecei ing acknowledgmen (5 i ems). Exempla y S uden Mo i a ion, e alua ing ai s o mo i a ed s uden s (7 i ems). The g ading me hod employed was a Like scale, whe e a sco e o 1 indica es "comple ely disag ee" and a sco e o 5 indica es "comple ely ag ee." The eliabili y o he o iginal e sion o he academic mo i a ion scale has been assessed in a ious s udies, wi h C onbach's α coe icien s anging om 0.67 o 0.82 (mean = 0.76) (17- 20). The alidi y and eliabili y o he Pe sian e sion o he academic mo i a ion ques ionnai e we e e alua ed by Ba zga e al. in a p e ious s udy, con i ming i s alidi y wi h a C onbach's alpha o 0.81 [21]. In sco ing he ques ionnai e, sco es below 60 indica e low mo i a ion, sco es om 60 o 99 indica e mode a e mo i a ion, and a sco e o 100 indica es high mo i a ion [17]. A e he da a was collec ed by he esea che , i was en e ed in o SPSS so wa e e sion 24.0 o analysis. Da a analysis The da a we e desc ibed using desc ip i e s a is ics, including equency, pe cen age, mean, cen al indices, dispe sion, ables, and s a is ical cha s. Fo da a analysis, Pea son's co ela ion coe icien was used o assess he ela ionship be ween wo a iables, while independen - es s we e employed o compa e mean sco es. Addi ionally, analysis o a iance was used o compa e he a e age sco es o concen a ion in class and he academic mo i a ion scale ac oss mul iple g oups. The Kolmogo o -Smi no es was applied o check o no mali y, and he da a we e ound o be no mally dis ibu ed. Resul s The mean age o he s uden s was 20.46 ± 1.95 yea s, wi h a ange om 18 o 28 yea s. Table 1 summa izes he sco es o ac o s a ec ing class oom concen a ion om he medical s uden s' pe spec i e ac oss di e en dimensions based on demog aphic cha ac e is ics. Table 1. The sco es o ac o s in luencing concen a ion in class, as pe cei ed by medical s uden s ac oss a ious dimensions based on demog aphic cha ac e is ics Va iables n (%) P o esso - ela ed ac o s Mean ± SD S uden - ela ed ac o s Mean ± SD En i onmen - ela ed ac o s Mean ± SD Gende Male 131 (48.5) 30.55 ± 4.14 22.08 ± 4.77 9.85 ± 2.54 Female 142 (51.5) 28.92 ± 4.93 21.60 ± 4.27 10.08 ± 2.60 p- alue 0.004** 0.386 0.467 Cou se le el Basic science 156 (57.1) 29.95 ± 4.56 21.67 ± 4.81 9.46 ± 2.57 P epa a o y clinical 117 (42.9) 29.40 ± 4.71 22.05 ± 4.09 10.64 ± 2.42 p- alue 0.325 0.484 0.0001*** Ma i al s a us Single 241 (88.3) 29.91 ± 4.40 22.10 ± 4.54 10.10 ± 2.55 Ma ied 32 (11.7) 28.18 ± 5.93 19.87 ± 3.80 9 ± 2.54 p- alue 0.040* 0.009** 0.021* Residen ial s a us Uni e si y's do mi o y 109 (39.9) 30.02 ± 4.22 21.82 ± 4.27 10.31 ± 2.67 Indi idual housing 69 (25.3) 30.38 ± 4.28 21.40 ± 5.12 9.24 ± 2.38 Family housing 95 (34.8) 28.87 ± 5.20 22.17 ± 4.33 10.11 ± 2.50 p- alue 0.081 0.542 0.023* No e: One-way ANOVA es was used o compa e pa icipan s based on quan i a i e demog aphic a iables. The signi icance le els a e indica ed as ollows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Abb e ia ions: n, numbe o pa icipan s; SD, s anda d de ia ion; Sig, s a is ical signi icance; p, p obabili y- alue. [ DOI: 10.61186/edcj.18.1.106 ] [ Downloaded om edujou nal.zums.ac.i on 2025-10-03 ] 3 / 9 Nos a zehi e al . : Concen a ion and mo i a ion in medical s uden s Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1¦ 2025 109 The mean sco es o concen a ion in class ac oss all dimensions we e highe o single s uden s compa ed o ma ied s uden s (p < 0.05). Addi ionally, he mean sco es o ac o s in luencing concen a ion in class we e signi ican ly highe o boys han o gi ls in he dimension ela ed o he p o esso (p = 0.004). The esul s indica ed ha he o e all mean concen a ion in class was 61.5 ± 7.9, wi h a ange om 41 o 87. Speci ically, he mean concen a ion in class o ac o s ela ed o he p o esso was 29.7 ± 4.6, anging om 19 o 41. Fo dimensions ela ed o he s uden s, he mean was 21.8 ± 4.5, wi h a ange om 11 o 37. In he dimension o ac o s ela ed o he en i onmen , he mean was 9.9 ± 2.5, anging om 3 o 15. Las ly, he mean achie emen mo i a ion o he s uden s was 84.4 ± 7.2, wi h a ange om 64 o 99. Figu e 1 illus a es he equency dis ibu ion o academic achie emen mo i a ion ac oss low, medium, and high-sco ing g oups among medical s uden s. Table 2 p esen s he mean sco es o academic achie emen mo i a ion o s uden s in di e en dimensions based on demog aphic cha ac e is ics. The mean sco e o academic achie emen mo i a ion is signi ican ly ela ed o ma i al s a us (p = 0.001). Figu e 1. The equency dis ibu ion o s uden s based on hei academic achie emen mo i a ion, ca ego ized in o low, mode a e, and high sco e g oups. Table 2. The sco es o he school mo i a ion in en o y among medical s uden s ac oss di e en dimensions, ca ego ized by demog aphic cha ac e is ics Va iables Mean±SD n (%) In en o y o School Mo i a ion Mean ± SD p- alue Gende Male 130 (48.2) 84.76 ± 7.92 0.445 Female 140 (51.8) 84.09 ± 6.63 Cou se le el Basic science 153 (56.6) 83.67 ± 7.33 0.052* P epa a o y clinical 117 (43.4) 85.40 ± 7.11 Ma i al s a us Single 239 (88.5) 84.92 ± 7.30 0.001*** Ma ied 31 (11.5) 80.51 ± 5.88 Residen ial s a us Uni e si y's do mi o y 106 (39.3) 84.47 ± 7.83 0.361 Indi idual housing 69 (25.5) 83.43 ± 7.72 Family housing 95 (35.2) 85.07 ± 6.22 No e: One-way ANOVA es was used o compa e pa icipan s based on quan i a i e demog aphic a iables. The signi icance le els a e indica ed as ollows: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001. Abb e ia ions: n, numbe o pa icipan s; SD, s anda d de ia ion; p, p obabili y- alue. [ DOI: 10.61186/edcj.18.1.106 ] [ Downloaded om edujou nal.zums.ac.i on 2025-10-03 ] 4 / 9 Nos a zehi e al . : Concen a ion and mo i a ion in medical s uden s 110 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ 2025 In his s udy, he Pea son co ela ion coe icien indica ed a di ec and signi ican ela ionship be ween academic achie emen mo i a ion sco es and e ec i e ac o s o concen a ion in class ac oss wo dimensions. The o al sco e also demons a ed signi icance (Table 3). Addi ionally, he ela ionship be ween he sco es o e ec i e ac o s o concen a ion in class ac oss di e en dimensions and he academic achie emen mo i a ion sco es o medical s uden s was signi ican (p = 0.004). Table 3. Co ela ion coe icien s and he ela ionships be ween he sco es o ac o s a ec ing concen a ion in class ac oss di e en dimensions and he sco es o academic achie emen mo i a ion among medical s uden s Fac o s a ec ing concen a ion in he class To al Sco e P o esso - ela ed Fac o s S uden - ela ed Fac o s En i onmen - ela ed Fac o s Academic Achie emen Mo i a ion n 269 269 270 270 0.174 0.162 0.053 0.150 p- alue 0.004** 0.008** 0.384 0.014* No e: The signi icance le el is indica ed as ollows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Abb e ia ions: n, numbe o pa icipan s; , co ela ion coe icien . Discussion This s udy e ealed ha ac o s ela ed o he p o esso ha e he g ea es impac on concen a ion in he class oom, ollowed by ac o s ela ed o he s uden s hemsel es, which can also dis up concen a ion. Fu he mo e, mos s uden s exhibi ed a mode a e le el o academic mo i a ion o p og ess. This inding aligns wi h he p e ious esea ch conduc ed by Ma zban e al. in 2019 [22] and he s udy by Abdul ahman e al. in he Uni ed A ab Emi a es [23]. The e o e, i appea s ha he eaching me hods and class oom managemen p ac ices o p o esso s signi ican ly a ec s uden s' le els o concen a ion. In his con ex , i is essen ial o conduc wo kshops and ga he eedback om p o esso s o enhance class oom ocus. Rega ding academic mo i a ion, he esul s sugges ha s uden s may no possess a high le el o mo i a ion. Fu he s udies should be conduc ed o explo e he unde lying causes o his lack o mo i a ion, and he indings should be communica ed o highe au ho i ies. In a s udy by Se a ya i Ka o e al. in 2018, conduc ed on high school s uden s, he mean sco es we e as ollows: 28.98 ± 5.79 o ac o s ela ed o he eache , 29.07 ± 5.76 o ac o s ela ed o he s uden , and 8.20 ± 2.00 o en i onmen al ac o s. These esul s a e consis en wi h he p esen s udy ega ding he le els o sco es ob ained in each ca ego y. I is impo an o no e ha he esea ch popula ion in hei s udy consis ed o high school s uden s [8]. A s udy by Balla d e al. in he Uni ed S a es [24] demons a ed ha academic mo i a ion in s uden s is linked o he mo i a ion and jus i ica ion p o ided by p o esso s. This s udy also ound ha mo i a ion o academic p og ess signi ican ly a ec s s uden s' concen a ion in class. The e o e, o enhance s uden concen a ion and subsequen ly imp o e lea ning, i is c ucial no only o add ess ac o s ha dis up concen a ion bu also o mo i a e s uden s h ough a ious means. Acco ding o p e ious s udies [8, 25], one key ac o ha inc eases s uden mo i a ion is he beha io and explana ions o he espec i e p o esso , sugges ing ha p o esso s should s i e o be mo e jus i iable in hei eaching me hods. In con as , he s udy by Mella d e al. in he Uni ed S a es [25] ound ha mos s uden s had high academic achie emen mo i a ion, which di e s om he indings o he p esen s udy. Acco ding o he esul s o he p esen s udy [25], he mean sco es o class oom concen a ion ela ed o ac o s associa ed wi h he p o esso we e signi ican ly highe in male s uden s compa ed o emale s uden s. O he aspec s o class oom concen a ion did no show signi ican di e ences be ween gende s. This inding con as s wi h he s udy by Ma zban e al. [22], which e ealed a s a is ically signi ican di e ence in s uden s' opinions abou en i onmen al ac o s be ween he wo gende s, wi h emales deeming hese en i onmen al ac o s mo e impo an han hei male coun e pa s. I appea s ha male s uden s in his s udy may pe cei e he eache 's e hics and beha io as mo e in luen ial in os e ing concen a ion han emales do. Al hough his di e ence was no s a is ically signi ican , emale s uden s epo ed ha en i onmen al ac o s played a g ea e ole in enhancing ocus in class. This aligns wi h indings om s udies by Aliabadi e al. in I an [26] and Sil a e al. in B azil [27], which also sugges ed ha emales place g ea e emphasis on en i onmen al ac o s in ela ion o class oom concen a ion. Ano he inding o his s udy was ha mean sco es o class oom concen a ion ac oss all dimensions we e [ DOI: 10.61186/edcj.18.1.106 ] [ Downloaded om edujou nal.zums.ac.i on 2025-10-03 ] 5 / 9 Nos a zehi e al . : Concen a ion and mo i a ion in medical s uden s Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1¦ 2025 111 highe in single s uden s compa ed o ma ied s uden s. The analysis o a iance indica ed ha he mean concen a ion sco es o s uden s li ing alone we e signi ican ly lowe han hose o o he s uden s, pa icula ly ega ding en i onmen al ac o s. P e ious s udies ha e no ocused on hese speci ic a iables; howe e , i appea s ha unma ied s uden s iew all h ee en i onmen al ac o s as mo e signi ican con ibu o s o hei lack o concen a ion in class han ma ied s uden s do. This pe cep ion may indica e ha single s uden s expe ience a lowe le el o concen a ion, as hey iden i y nume ous ac o s as dis ac ions. One possible explana ion o his could be he highe le els o in ellec ual conce ns and issues aced by unma ied s uden s compa ed o hei ma ied coun e pa s [28]. In his s udy, he mean sco es o mo i a ion o academic p og ess in he s uden s o he p epa a o y clinical cou se a e highe han he basic science s uden s. Conside ing ha basic science s uden s come om a newe g oup o s uden s, i seems ha he academic mo i a ion o s uden s dec eases yea by yea and his issue should be conside ed mo e. They ha e adap ed o he en i onmen and gi en ha hey ha e comple ed a cou se, hey ha e mo e hope and wi h he in luence o highe -yea s uden s, hey ha e be e academic mo i a ion. Howe e , his esul is no consis en wi h Meh alizadeh e al.'s p e ious s udy in I an [29]. Pea son's co ela ion coe icien analysis e ealed ha mean sco es o class oom concen a ion, speci ically ega ding en i onmen al ac o s and p o esso - ela ed elemen s, ha e a di ec and signi ican ela ionship wi h s uden s' academic achie emen mo i a ion. Addi ionally, he p esen s udy indica ed a di ec and signi ican co ela ion be ween he o al concen a ion sco e in class and academic achie emen mo i a ion. This inding aligns wi h Wu e al.'s p e ious s udy in China, which ound ha s uden s lacking academic mo i a ion end o neglec concen a ion in class and may e en p e e a c owded and diso ganized class oom en i onmen [30]. In summa y, ecognizing ha concen a ion is a skill ha can be de eloped sugges s ha modi ying ce ain s uden beha io s could be bene icial. This includes implemen ing daily planning o ensu e adequa e es , as well as conduc ing psychological wo kshops aimed a add essing low concen a ion le els in class [31, 32]. Fu he mo e, p o esso s should ocus on he ele ance o cou se opics o c ea e g ea e mo i a ion du ing hei eaching [33]. Imp o ing en i onmen al ac o s, such as he physical condi ions o he class oom, could also be an e ec i e s ep in enhancing concen a ion [33]. Gi en he impo ance o his opic, i is c ucial o conduc speci ic s udies o in es iga e he causes o low academic mo i a ion among medical s uden s, especially in ecen yea s. I necessa y, his in o ma ion should be communica ed o ele an adminis a o s and o icials o help imp o e he well-being o hese s uden s, pa icula ly hose who a e a om hei amilies. Academic pe o mance encompasses no only academic p og ess bu also he abili y o plan, mo i a e onesel , manage anxie y, se e ec i e goals, and engage in ele an ac i i ies [34, 35]. Nume ous s udies indica e ha dep ession and anxie y can nega i ely impac academic pe o mance and exace ba e lea ning di icul ies [36, 37]. In ol ing men al heal h specialis s, employing ained pe sonnel o assis s uden s in challenging si ua ions, p o iding bo h ma e ial and psychological incen i es, and o e ing essen ial in o ma ion abou men al heal h should be key componen s o he au ho i ies' plans. These ini ia i es can help educe anxie y and s ess, which in u n can boos academic mo i a ion and imp o e he o e all suppo se ices a ailable o s uden s. Such ac ions can e ec i ely enhance s uden s' ocus and mo i a ion. In discussing he limi a ions o his esea ch, i is impo an o no e ha mo i a ion is in luenced by a ious ac o s, including income, o e all heal h, and amily socio-economic s a us. Ano he limi a ion conce ns he gene alizabili y o he esul s o o he uni e si y s uden s and ields o s udy; such gene aliza ion should be app oached wi h cau ion. Ou sample consis ed solely o medical s uden s en olled in he Basic Sciences and P epa a o y Clinical Cou se. Conclusion I appea s ha as academic mo i a ion in s uden s inc eases, so oo does hei concen a ion in class. The e o e, o enhance he quali y o eaching and lea ning h ough a ious me hods, i is essen ial o os e academic mo i a ion. In addi ion o p o iding educa ional esou ces and a conduci e lea ning en i onmen , a sa e and calm a mosphe e, and expe ienced p o esso s, posi i e and cons uc i e in e ac ions g ounded in social skills a e c ucial. E ec i e in e pe sonal ela ionships be ween s uden s and p o esso s can c ea e a pleasan en i onmen cha ac e ized by sa is ac o y communica ion, guiding us owa d achie ing meaning ul educa ional goals. Recognizing ha concen a ion is a skill ha can be [ DOI: 10.61186/edcj.18.1.106 ] [ Downloaded om edujou nal.zums.ac.i on 2025-10-03 ] 6 / 9 Nos a zehi e al . : Concen a ion and mo i a ion in medical s uden s 112 Jou nal o Medical Educa ion De elopmen ¦ Volume 18 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ 2025 de eloped, i is possible o s eng hen s uden s' ocus in class by changing ce ain beha io al pa e ns. This can be achie ed h ough e ec i e ime managemen o ensu e adequa e es , emphasizing he p ac icali y o cou se opics, os e ing mo i a ion among s uden s, and imp o ing en i onmen al ac o s, including he physical condi ions o he class oom. These s eps can signi ican ly enhance concen a ion in he class oom. E hical conside a ions The p esen s udy was conduc ed in acco dance wi h he Decla a ion o Helsinki and he E hical Guidelines o Medical and Heal h Resea ch es ablished by he Minis y o Heal h and Medical Educa ion and he Minis y o Science, Resea ch and Technology in I an. We ecei ed app o al om he E hics Re iew Commi ee o Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences, I an (Regis a ion No. IR.ZAUMS.REC.1401.184). A i icial in elligence u iliza ion o a icle w i ing The au ho s decla e ha hey ha e no u ilized any o m o gene a i e a i icial in elligence in he w i ing o his manusc ip , no o he c ea ion o da a, ables, o hei cap ions. Acknowledgmen The au ho s would like o hank Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences. Con lic o in e es s a emen The au ho s decla e ha hey ha e no con lic o in e es . Au ho con ibu ions M.N. designed and conduc ed he s udy and co-w o e he pape . A.A. and Sh.N. con ibu ed o esea ch planning, analyzed he da a, and d a ed he manusc ip wi h inpu om all au ho s. M.N. collec ed he da a and wo ked on he ini ial d a o he manusc ip . All au ho s e iewed and app o ed he inal e sion o he manusc ip . Funding The cu en esea ch was unded by a speci ic p ojec g an om Zahedan Uni e si y o Medical Sciences. 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