DIGITAL HERITAGE (2025)
S. Campana, D. Fe dani, H. G a , G. Guidi, Z. Hega y, S. Pesca in, and F. Remondino (Edi o s)
De ining a New Digi al Twin On ology o Cul u al He i age
P ese a ion – he Case o ARGUS
G. Pa lidis , V. Se e lidis and V. A ampa zakis
A hena Resea ch Cen e , G eece
Abs ac
The sus ainable p ese a ion o cul u al he i age (CH) asse s inc easingly demands p edic i e moni o ing app oaches ha
in eg a e mul imodal da a and decision suppo mechanisms. EU p ojec ARGUS in oduces a seman ic on ology designed o
uni y senso obse a ions, diagnos ic ac i i ies, isk p edic ions, and conse a ion decisions wi hin a cohe en , ope a ional
amewo k. Building upon s anda ds such as CIDOC CRM, SOSA/SSN, PROV-O, GeoSPARQL, and OWL-Time, he on ology
ad ances he i age compu ing owa d dynamic condi ion moni o ing and p e en i e conse a ion s a egies.
CCS Concep s
•In o ma ion sys ems →On ology modeling; •Theo y o compu a ion →Knowledge ep esen a ion and easoning;
1. In oduc ion
Cul u al he i age (CH) asse s a e inc easingly a isk om en i-
onmen al, an h opogenic, and s uc u al ac o s. E ec i e p ese -
a ion demands p oac i e s a egies based no only on s a ic doc-
umen a ion, bu on dynamic, mul imodal, and p edic i e moni-
o ing app oaches. While es ablished on ologies such as CIDOC
CRM [Doe03] p o ide obus models o s a ic he i age desc ip-
ions, hey lack cons uc s o eal- ime condi ion acking, isk
o ecas ing, and decision suppo .
The ARGUS p ojec (Ho izon Eu ope, G an Ag eemen No.
101132308) add esses his gap by de eloping an in eg a ed ame-
wo k o emo e moni o ing, digi al win c ea ion, and p edic i e
managemen o cul u al he i age si es. Wi hin ARGUS, we in o-
duce PANOPTES, a new digi al win on ology designed o se-
man ically in eg a e senso obse a ions, diagnos ic p ocesses, isk
p edic ions, and conse a ion decisions in o a uni ied, ope a ional
model.
PANOPTES builds upon s anda ds such as
SOSA/SSN [JHC∗19] (senso obse a ions), PROV-O [MM13]
(p o enance acking), GeoSPARQL [PH12] (spa ial modeling),
and OWL-Time [HP06] ( empo al ep esen a ion), while main-
aining compa ibili y wi h CIDOC CRM p inciples o cul u al
he i age desc ip ion. Recen wo k on seman ic models o he i age
digi al wins [FN25] highligh s he c i ical need o p edic i e,
dynamic, and mul imodal ep esen a ions, u he mo i a ing
he de elopmen o in eg a ed amewo ks such as PANOPTES.
Th ough his in eg a ion, PANOPTES enables he e olu ion o
cul u al he i age managemen om eac i e documen a ion o
p edic i e, e idence-based conse a ion planning.
2. PANOPTES On ology O e iew
PANOPTES models he comple e dynamic p ese a ion wo k low,
s uc u ed a ound he ollowing co e en i ies:
•Asse : A cul u al he i age en i y, modeled as a specializa ion o
sosa:Fea u eO In e es and geo:Fea u e.
•Measu emen : A specializa ion o sosa:Obse a ion,
cap u ing spa io empo al da a abou asse condi ion.
•Ins umen : De ices o me hods (sosa:Senso ) used o pe -
o m Measu emen s.
•Diagnosis: An in e p e a ion o Measu emen da a, modeled as
ap o :Ac i i y, assessing asse condi ions.
•P edic ion: A o ecas ed ou come (p o :En i y) de i ed
om compu a ional models based on Diagnoses.
•Th ea : A isk ac o po en ially impac ing an Asse , seman i-
cally linked o spa ial and empo al con ex s.
•Decision: An ac ion planning ou come, go e ned by Policies and
Rules, o mi iga e p edic ed isks.
•Cul u al Documen a ion: S uc u ed eco ds o obse -
a ions, diagnoses, and in e en ions, ollowing cidoc-
c m:E31_Documen .
Spa ial p ope ies a e ep esen ed using GeoSPARQL [PH12],
while empo al e olu ion is modeled using OWL-Time [HP06].
P o enance acking o all obse a ions, compu a ions, and deci-
sions is ensu ed h ough PROV-O [MM13].
2.1 On ological Rela ions
PANOPTES de ines a ich se o seman ic ela ions among i s co e
en i ies, s uc u ing he dynamic moni o ing and decision-making
p ocess:
© 2025 The Au ho (s).
P oceedings published by Eu og aphics - The Eu opean Associa ion o Compu e G aphics.
This is an open access a icle unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License, which
pe mi s use, dis ibu ion and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly
ci ed.
DOI: 10.2312/dh.20253260
h ps://diglib.eg.o g
h ps://www.eg.o g
2 o 2 G. Pa lidis & V. Se e lidis & V. A ampa zakis / De ining a New Digi al Twin On ology o Cul u al He i age P ese a ion – he Case o ARGUS
•Asse is obse ed h ough one o mo e Measu emen s, each
linked o speci ic Ins umen s and execu ed ollowing a de ined
P o ocol.
•Measu emen p oduces a Quan i y esul and is cha ac e ized
by spa ial (geo:Geome y) and empo al ( ime:Ins an )
a ibu es.
•Measu emen da a a e in e p e ed ia a Diagnosis, ep esen ing
an analy ic ac i i y ha assesses he Asse ’s condi ion o e ime.
•Diagnosis is gene a ed using a Compu a ional Model, which
encapsula es me hods o condi ion in e ence o de e io a ion as-
sessmen .
•Diagnosis in o ms a P edic ion, modeling expec ed u u e s a es
o isks impac ing he Asse .
•P edic ion is linked o speci ic Th ea s, which a e ca ego ized
acco ding o hei o igin (e.g., en i onmen al, s uc u al, an h o-
pogenic).
•Th ea s a e associa ed wi h po en ial E en s (e.g., s uc u al
ailu e, en i onmen al s ess episodes) ha may equi e u gen
in e en ion.
•Decision en i ies a e in o med by Diagnoses and P edic ions,
ollowing Policies and de ailed Rules ha egula e conse a ion
s a egies.
•Policy de ines gene al conse a ion goals, while Rules speci y
ope a ional h esholds, ac ions, o mi iga ion p ocedu es.
•Visualiza ion en i ies a e linked o Compu a ional Models
and P edic ions o acili a e s akeholde unde s anding h ough
g aphical in e aces.
•Cul u al Documen a ion main ains p o enance eco ds, link-
ing Obse a ions, Diagnoses, P edic ions, Decisions, and con-
se a ion E en s back o hei o igina ing Asse s.
•Each E en can e oac i ely upda e he Asse ’s s a e and igge
new Measu emen s, closing he moni o ing- eedback loop.
Th ough hese ela ions, PANOPTES c ea es a dynamic seman-
ic g aph cap u ing no only he s a ic ea u es o cul u al he i age
asse s bu also hei e ol ing condi ions, in e ed isks, and man-
aged in e en ions o e ime.
2.2 Design P inciples
PANOPTES is ounded on he ollowing design p inciples:
•Asse -Cen ic Modeling: All ac i i ies a e linked o speci ic
cul u al asse s.
•Dynamic S a e Rep esen a ion: Suppo o empo al e olu ion
and condi ion moni o ing.
•P edic i e Main enance In eg a ion: Fo mal ep esen a ion o
o ecas s and in e en ions.
•Seman ic In e ope abili y: Alignmen wi h CIDOC CRM,
SOSA/SSN [JHC∗19], PROV-O, GeoSPARQL, and OWL-Time
s anda ds.
•Ope a ional Readiness: Na u al mapping o a ela ional
da abase schema o scalable deploymen .
3. Pilo Deploymen wi hin ARGUS
PANOPTES is pilo ed wi hin he Eu opean Union’s ARGUS
p ojec (G an Ag eemen No. 101132308), ocusing on p oac i e
conse a ion o a - isk he i age si es.
Two p ima y pilo scena ios a e unde de elopmen :
•S uc u al Moni o ing: Con inuous acquisi ion o s uc u al de-
o ma ion measu emen s (e.g., c ack wid h moni o ing) o his-
o ical monumen s. Measu emen s a e seman ically linked o as-
se s, diagnoses in e de e io a ion ends, and p edic ions o e-
cas isk escala ion.
•En i onmen al Risk Moni o ing: In eg a ion o en i onmen al
senso da a ( empe a u e, humidi y, pollu an s) inside museums
and his o ical s uc u es. Diagnoses de ec un a o able mic ocli-
ma ic condi ions, while p edic ions guide p e en i e in e en-
ions o mi iga e ma e ial deg ada ion.
PANOPTES suppo s eal- ime da a inges ion, dynamic upda es
o asse s a es, and aceable decision-making wo k lows aimed a
minimizing de e io a ion isks.
4. Conclusion and Fu u e Wo k
PANOPTES ad ances he s a e o he a in cul u al he i age man-
agemen by b idging s a ic documen a ion models wi h p edic i e
moni o ing and decision suppo . Th ough i s in eg a ion o mul i-
modal da a s eams, p edic i e analy ics, and conse a ion planning
in o a cohe en seman ic amewo k, i enables a shi om eac i e
o p oac i e he i age p ese a ion s a egies.
Fu u e wo k will ocus on scaling deploymen ac oss di e se he -
i age asse ypes, ex ending seman ic models o suppo AI-d i en
isk assessmen echniques, and enhancing isualiza ion ools o a-
cili a e s akeholde in e ac ion wi h digi al wins.
Acknowledgmen s
This wo k has ecei ed unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho i-
zon Eu ope p og amme unde g an ag eemen No. 101132308
(ARGUS p ojec ).
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© 2025 The Au ho (s).
P oceedings published by Eu og aphics - The Eu opean Associa ion o Compu e G aphics.
