1. Desc ip i e
(WP 1, WP2)
2. Explana o y
(WP2)
3. No ma i e
(WP 3, WP4)
Leona do Puleo
Uni e si y College Dublin
Is con empo a y illibe alism eac iona y?
An empi ical in es iga ion on ci izens illibe al
a i udes
Leona do Puleo, Uni e si y College Dublin – [email p o ec ed]
Jan Fabian Dollbaum, Uni e si y College Dublin – [email p o ec ed]
Joseph Lacey, Uni e si y College Dublin – [email p o ec ed]
Samuel Johns on, Uni e si y College Dublin – [email p o ec ed]
SISP 2024 – F iday, 13 Sep embe 2024
This wo k is suppo ed by an ERC consolida o g an (P ojec 101076805
Mo al Agency in Elec ion Campaigns ELECT)
1. Desc ip i e
(WP 1, WP2)
2. Explana o y
(WP2)
Leona do Puleo
Uni e si y College Dublin
App oaching Con empo a y illibe alism
Illibe al hype (Mondon 2024)
Concep ual Con usion (La uelle 2022, Smilo a 2021)
Concep ual S e ching (Walle 2024)
Libe al Idealisa ion (Losu do 2005, Rosenbla 2018)
1. Desc ip i e
(WP 1, WP2)
2. Explana o y
(WP2)
3. No ma i e
(WP 3, WP4)
Illibe alism in a dialec ic ension wi h libe alism
Con empo a y illibe alism is no exp essly an i-democ a ic
Illibe alism as a se o ideas cha ac e ized by a pe missi e s ance owa ds wai ing he
ene s o libe al cons i u ionalism—such as eedom o speech and associa ion, mino i y
igh s, ho izon al accoun abili y o powe , and judicial independence—in he name o
ideological p ojec s o s a egic p io i ies.
Leona do Puleo
Uni e si y College Dublin
A minimal app oach o illibe alism
1. Desc ip i e
(WP 1, WP2)
2. Explana o y
(WP2)
3. No ma i e
(WP 3, WP4)
The iden i ica ion o he ideological co ela es o con empo a y illibe alism is essen ially an
empi ical p oblem – bo h o he supply & demand side o poli ical compe ion.
Leona do Puleo
Uni e si y College Dublin
Whe e illibe als s ands?
... Ye , we al eady ha e a lo o clues!
Classics (Ado no e al. 1950) and mo e ecen wo ks (Malka e al. 2022) linked social and
poli ical au ho i a ianism wi h he igh o he LR dimension, and na i is /cul u al conse a ies
s ances (Fede ico and Malka 2018).
Fa le & a igh ha e been depic ed as illibe al in hei supply (Enyedi 2016, Pi o 2023,
Mo i 2020, Beh en 2021). And illibe al ensions ha e been discussed e e ing o
cen e- igh pa ies (Pla ne 2020)
Vo e s suppo ing go e ning pa ies migh be less in e es ed in p o ec ing libe al igh s (Van
de B ug e al. 2021, B yan 2023)
2. Explana o y
(WP2)
3. No ma i e
(WP 3, WP4)
Ideological hypo heses
H1a: Vo e s wi h igh -wing p e e ences on he le - igh spec um a e mo e likely o hold illibe al s ances.
H1b: Vo e s loca ed a he ex emes o he le - igh spec um a e mo e likely o hold illibe al s ances.
H1c: Vo e s wi h na i is p e e ences a e mo e likely o hold illibe al s ances.
Leona do Puleo
Uni e si y College Dublin
Hypo heses
Pa y Families hypo heses
H2a: Vo e s suppo ing a - igh pa ies a e mo e likely o hold illibe al a i udes.
H2b: Vo e s suppo ing cen e- igh pa ies (i.e. Ch is ian Democ a s and Conse a i es) a e mo e likely o
hold illibe al a i udes.
H2c: Vo e s suppo ing a -le pa ies a e mo e likely o hold illibe al a i udes.
Con ingen hypo hesis
H3: Vo e s suppo ing pa ies in go e nmen a e mo e likely o hold illibe al a i udes.
2. Explana o y
(WP2)
3. No ma i e
(WP 3, WP4)
Leona do Puleo
Uni e si y College Dublin
Ope a ionaliza ion DVs
Tension wi h Libe al P inciples Wo ding
F eedom o Exp ession How impo an do you hink i is o democ acy in gene al ha he
media a e ee o c i icise he go e nmen ?
Mino i y Righ s How impo an do you hink i is o democ acy in gene al ha he
igh s o mino i y g oups a e p o ec ed?
Ho izon al accoun abili y o powe
How impo an do you hink i is o democ acy in gene al ha he
cou s ea e e yone he same?
How accep able o you would i be o [coun y] o ha e a s ong
leade who is abo e he law? [ e e ed]
Dicho omous indica o : illibe al a i udes all he sco es equal o below 5
Sou ce: Eu opean Social Su ey 10 h wa e
2. Explana o y
(WP2)
3. No ma i e
(WP 3, WP4)
Leona do Puleo
Uni e si y College Dublin
DVs dis ibu ion
2. Explana o y
(WP2)
3. No ma i e
(WP 3, WP4)
LR sel -loca ion
Na i ism (a e age sco es o ques ions on ci izens’ us and iden i ica ion wi h he EU and opinions on
whe he Eu opean in eg a ion has gone oo a . Fo immig a ion, ques ions add ess whe he immig a ion
is bene icial o ha m ul o he coun y’s economy, cul u e, and o e all, C onbach 0.8) (Weko 2021)
Fa Righ (Roodjin e al. 2024), o he amilies (Pa lgo 2024)
Go e nmen s a us calcula ed a he ime o he ieldwo k (Pa lgo 2024)
Mul ile el mixed-e ec s logis ic models
Leona do Puleo
Uni e si y College Dublin
Ope a ionaliza ion IVs and Design
2. Explana o y
(WP2)
3. No ma i e
(WP 3, WP4)
Leona do Puleo
Uni e si y College Dublin
Resul s: Le -Righ and Na i is Dimensions
