A Review of the Bats of Trinidad and Tobago: Descriptions, Rabies Infection, and Ecology

A
REVIEW
OF
THE
BATS
OF
TRINIDAD
AND
TOBAGO
DESCRIPTIONS,
RABIES
INFECTION,
AND
ECOLOGY
GEORGE
G.
GOODWIN
Associa e
Cu a o ,
Depa men
o
Mammalogy
The
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y
ARTHUR
M.
GREENHALL
Resea ch
Associa e,
he
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y
Cu a o
o
he
Royal
Vic o ia
Ins i u e
Museum,
T inidad
Zoologis ,
T inidad
and
Tobago
Minis y
o
Ag icul u e
BULLETIN
OF
THE
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
VOLUME
122
:
ARTICLE
3
NEW
YORK
1961
BULLETIN
OF
THE
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
Volume
122,
a icle
3,
pages
187-302,
ex
igu es
1-113,
pla es
7-46,
ables
1,
2,
maps
1,
2
Issued
June
26,
1961
P ice:
$4.00
a
copy
A
REVIEW
OF
THE
BATS
OF
TRINIDAD
AND
TOBAGO
DESCRIPTIONS,
RABIES
INFECTION,
AND
ECOLOGY
GEORGE
G.
GOODWIN
Associa e
Cu a o ,
Depa men
o
Mammalogy
The
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y
ARTHUR
M.
GREENHALL
Resea ch
Associa e,
he
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y
Cu a o
o
he
Royal
Vic o ia
Ins i u e
Museum,
T inidad
Zoologis ,
T inidad
and
Tobago
Minis y
o
Ag icul u e
BULLETIN
OF
THE
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
VOLUME
122
:
ARTICLE
3
NEW
YORK
1961

BULLETIN
OF
THE
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
Volume
122,
a icle
3,
pages
187-302,
ex
igu es
1-113,
pla es
7-46,
ables
1,
2,
maps
1,
2
Issued
June
26,
1961
P ice:
$4.00
a
copy
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
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.
195
His o y
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195
Rabies
and
O he
In ec ious
Agen s
in
Ba s
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196
Ba
Con ol
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198
Geog aphy
and
Topog aphy
o
T inidad
.
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198
Geology
o
T inidad
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200
Clima e
o
T inidad
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200
Vege a ion
o
T inidad
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201
Te es ial
and
Aqua ic
Mammals
o
T inidad,
Exclusi e
o
he
Ba s
...
.
.
.
.
201
Geog aphy
and
Topog aphy
o
Tobago
.
.
.
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.
..
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..
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...
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.
202
Te es ial
Mammals
o
Tobago,
Exclusi e
o
he
Ba s
.
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.
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.
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.
202
Acknowledgmen s
.....
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206
Collec ions
Rep esen ed
.....
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208
T ea men ,
Measu emen s,
Weigh s,
and
Abb e ia ions
....
.
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208
Changes
in
Nomencla u e
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209
SYSTEMATIC
AcCOUNTS
...........................
.
210
O de
Chi op e a
Blumenbach
..
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210
Subo de
Mic ochi op e a
Dobson
.
.
. .
.
..
.
. .
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.
. . .
.
...
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.
210
Key
o
he
Families
o
Ba s
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
.
.
..
.. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
210
Supe amily
Emballonu oidea
Webe
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
....
.
210
Family
Emballonu idae
Dobson
....
.
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.
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.
.. . .
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.
.
.
210
Key
o
he
Gene a,
Species,
and
Subspecies
o
he
Emballonu idae
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. . ....
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
. .
.
.
.
211
Sub amily
Emballonu inae
Flowe
and
Lydekke
.
.
.
. .
. .
..
..
.
211
Genus
Rhynchiscus
Mille
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
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.
. .
.
.
... .
.
.
211
Rhynchiscus
naso
(Wied-Neuwied)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
. .
.
.
211
Genus
Saccop e yx
Illige
.
.
....
.
..
. .
.
. .
. . .
.
..
.
212
Saccop e yx
bilinea a
pe spicilli e
Mille
.
. . .
.
. .
..
.
..
213
Saccop e yx
lep u a
(Sch ebe )
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
. . . .
.
.
. .
.
214
Genus
Pe op e yx
Pe e s
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
...
.
215
Pe op e yx
mac o is
mac o is
(Wagne )
.
.
.
.
... . .
.
.
.
.
.
215
Pe op e yx
mac o is
ini a is
Mille
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
..
.
.
.
.
216
Sub amily
Diclidu inae
Mille
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
217
Genus
Diclidu us
Wied-Neuwied
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
. .
217
Diclidu us
albus
Wied-Neuwied
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. .
..
. .
.
.
.
.
217
Family
Noc ilionidae
G ay
.
.. . .
.
.
.
.
.
....
.
....
.
. .
218
Genus
Noc ilio
Linnaeus
.
.
.. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. . .
..
.
219
Noc ilio
lepo inus lepo inus
(Linnaeus)
.
.
.
... . ...
.
.
.
219
Supe amily
Phyllos omoidea
Webe
.
.
.
.
.
.
.... .
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
221
Family
Phyllos omidae
Wa e house
.
..
.
. .
.
.
.
. . ....
.
.. .
221
Key
o
he
Sub amilies
o
he
Phyllos omidae
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
.
..
221
Sub amily
Chilonyc e inae
Flowe
and
Lydekke
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
. .
221
Key
o
he
Gene a,
Species,
and
Subspecies
o
he
Chilonyc e inae
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
..
.
.
.
.
.. . .
.
. .
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.
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.
...
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.
221
Genus
Chilonyc e is
G ay
.
.
.
...
..
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.
.
.
.
.
222
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
J.
A.
Allen
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
222
Chilonyc e is
pe sona a
pe sona a
Wagne
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
223
Genus
P e ono us
G ay
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.... . ..
224
P e ono us
da yi
da yi
G ay
.
.
..
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
224
Genus
Mo moops
Leach
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
225
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
Mille
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
225
191
192
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
VOL.
122
Sub amily
Phyllos ominae
Gill
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
226
Key
o
he
Gene a,
Species,
and
Subspecies
o
he
Phyllos ominae
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
.
...
.
..
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
226
Genus
Mic onyc e is
G ay
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
. .
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
..
227
Subgenus
Mic onyc e is
G ay
..................
.
227
Mic onyc e is
megalo is
megalo is
(G ay)
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . ..
. .
227
Mic onyc e is
minu a
(Ge ais)
.
.
. .
. .
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
228
Subgenus
Xenoc enes
Mille
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
...
.
...
.
.
229
Mic onyc e is
hi su a
(Pe e s)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.... .
.
.
.
.
229
Subgenus
Lamp onyc e is
Sanbo n
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
. .
230
Mic onyc e is
b achyo is
(Dobson)
.
. . .
.
.... .
.
.
.
.
.
.
230
Subgenus
T inyc e is
Sanbo n
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
....
. .
.
.
.
.
231
Mic onyc e is
nice o i
Sanbo n
.
.
. .
..
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
231
Subgenus
Glyphonyc e is
Thomas
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
232
Mic onyc e is
syl es is
(Thomas)
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.. . .
.
.
.
232
Genus
Loncho hina
Tomes
.
....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
....
233
Loncho hina
au i a
au i a
Tomes
.
.
..
. .
..
.
. .
.
..
. .
233
Genus
Tona ia
G ay
.....
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
234
Tona ia
bidens
(Spix)
.
...
.
. .
. .
.
...
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
234
Tona ia
minu a
Goodwin
.
.
..
...
.
....
.
.
.
.
.
..
235
Genus
Mimon
G ay....
....
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
236
Subgenus
An ho hina
Lydekke
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
236
Mimon
c enula um
c enula um
(A.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e)
.
.
.
.
.
236
Genus
Phyllos omus
Lacep6de
.
. .
. .
.
.
..
.
.
. .
.
.
. .
.
.
237
Phyllos omus
discolo
discolo
Wagne
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
. .
. . .
237
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us
(Pallas)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
238
Genus
T achops
G ay
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
240
T achops
ci hosus
(Spix)
.
.
..
.
.
...
.
.. .
.
.
. . .
.
240
Genus
Vampy um
Ra inesque
....
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
. .
.
.
242
Vampy um
spec um spec um
(Linnaeus)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
242
Sub amily
Glossophaginae
Gill
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
. .
.
..
. .
.
.
.
.
243
Key
o
he
Gene a,
Species,
and
Subspecies
o
he
Glossophaginae
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
.
.
243
Genus
Glossophaga
i.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e
.244
Glossophaga
so icina so icina
(Pallas)
.
.
. .
.. .
.
..
.
.
. .
244
Glossophaga
longi os is
majo
Goodwin
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
245
Genus
Anou a
G ay
.
. .
.
.
....
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
246
Anou a
geo oyi
geo oyi
G ay
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
246
Genus
Choe oniscus
Thomas
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
..
.
.
. .
.
247
Choe oniscus
in e medius
(J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman)
.
.
.
.
. .
.
248
Sub amily
Ca olliinae
Mille
.
.
.
....
.
..
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
249
Genus
Ca ollia
G ay
.........
.
.
.
.
. .
.. . .
.
. .
.
249
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
(Linnaeus)
....
..
.
.
.
.
.
249
Sub amily
S u ni inae
Mille
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
251
Key
o
he
Species
and
Subspecies
o
he
S u ni inae
o
T inidad
and
Tobago.
251
Genus
S u ni a
G ay
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
251
Subgenus
S u ni a
G ay
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
251
S u ni a
lilium
lilium
(n.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e)
.
.
.
.
.
251
S u ni a
ildae
De
la
To e
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
252
Sub amily
S enode minae
Gill
.
.
..
.
.
. .
. .
.
.
. .
.
.
.
...
253
Key
o
he
Gene a,
Species,
and
Subspecies
o
he
S enode minae
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . .
.
.
.
.
. .
253
1961
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
193
Genus
U ode ma
Pe e s
.254
U ode ma
biloba um
biloba um
Pe e s
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
254
Genus
Vampy ops
Pe e s
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
...........
255
Vampy ops
helle i
Pe e s
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
255
Genus
Vampy odes
Thomas
.256
Vampy odes
ca accioloi
ca accioloi
(Thomas)
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
. .
.
256
Genus
Chi ode ma
Pe e s
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
257
Chi ode ma
illosum
illosum
Pe e s
.
..
..
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
257
Chi ode ma
ini a um
Goodwin
.
.
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
258
Genus
A ibeus
Leach
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
259
A ibeus
jamaicensis
ini a is
Ande sen
.259
A ibeus
li u a us
palma um
J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman.
.
.
.
. .
.
261
A ibeus
cine eus cine eus
(Ge ais)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
262
Genus
Enchis henes
Ande sen
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
262
Enchis henes
ha ii
(Thomas)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
263
Genus
Cen u io
G ay
..
. .
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
263
Cen u io
senex
G ay
.
. .
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
...
263
Genus
Ame ida
G ay
.
.
.
..
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
265
Ame ida
cen u io
G ay
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
265
Family
Desmodon idae
Gill
.266
Key
o
he
Gene a
and
Species
o
he
Desmodon idae
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
.
266
Genus
Desmodus
Wied-Neuwied
.
.
..
.
.
.
. .
.
..
.
.
.
. .
.
266
Desmodus
o undus o undus
(P.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e)
.
.
.
.
.
.
267
Genus
Diaemus
Mille
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
270
Diaemus
youngi
(Jen ink)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
270
Supe amily
Vespe ilionoidea
Webe
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
272
Family
Na alidae
Mille
..272
Genus
Na alus
G ay
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
272
Subgenus
Na alus
G ay
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
272
Na alus
umidi os is
haymani
Goodwin
.
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
..
272
Family
Fu ip e idae
Mille
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
273
Genus
Fu ip e us
Bonapa e
..273
Fu ip e us
ho ens
(F.
Cu ie )
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
274
Family
Thy op e idae
Mille
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
274
Genus
Thy op e a
Spix
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
....
.
.
.
.
..
.
274
Thy op e a
icolo
icolo
Spix
.
.
..
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
274
Family
Vespe ilionidae
G ay
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
276
Key
o
he
Gene a,
Species,
and
Subspecies
o
he
Vespe ilionidae
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
..276
Sub amily
Vespe ilioninae
Mille .
.
.
.
.
..
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
276
Genus
Myo is
Kaup
.
.
.276
Myo is
nig icans nig icans
(Schinz)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
276
Genus
Ep esicus
Ra inesque
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
...
.
.
277
Ep esicus
melanop e us
(Jen ink)
...
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
277
Genus
Lasiu us
G ay
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
278
Lasiu us
bo ealis
an zii
(Pe e s)
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
278
Genus
Dasyp e us
Pe e s
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
279
Dasyp e us
ega
panamensis
Thomas
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
279
Genus
Rhogeessa
H.
Allen
.
.
..
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
280
Rhogeessa
pa ula
minu illa
Mille
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
280
Rhogeessa
umida
ipa ia
Goodwin
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
281
Family
Molossidae
Gill
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
281
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
he
small
island
o
Pa os,
o
Goose
Island,
which
o me ly
belonged
o
T inidad
bu
was
ceded
o
Venezuela
in
1942.
I
is
6j
miles
om
Chacachaca e
and
22
miles
om
he
mainland.
The e
a e
h ee
moun ain
chains
in
T ini-
dad.
The
No he n
and
Sou he n
anges
ex-
end
ac oss
he
en i e
wid h
o
he
island,
pa allel
o
each
o he ,
wi h
he
Cen al
Range
ex ending
diagonally
ac oss
he
middle.
The
highes
peaks
in
he
No he n
Range
a e
El
Ce o
del
A ipo
(3085
ee ),
El
Tucuche
(3072
ee ),
and
Mo ne
Bleu
(2781
ee ).
Moun
Tamana,
a
limes one
able
moun ain,
a
1009
ee
is
he
highes
in
he
Cen al
Range,
while
he
T ini y
Hills
in
he
Sou he n
Range
a e
he
highes
a
1070
ee .
Be ween
he
No he n
and
Cen al
anges,
o ming
a
no he n
plain,
a e
a
numbe
o
old
allu ial
e aces
o med
o
de i al
ma-
e ial
om
he
no he n
moun ains
in
he
Pleis ocene.
I
is
hough
ha
he
O inoco
Ri e
once
lowed
h ough
his
a ea
and
ha
he
e aces
a e
small
i e
channels.
The
emainde
o
he
island
in
he
sou h
consis s
o
a
olling
dissec ed
peneplain
which
in
ce ain
a eas
has
a he
s eep
slopes.
Nea
he
coas s
he e
a e
a
numbe
o
la ge
swamps,
he
la ges
being
he
Na i a
Swamp
on
he
eas
coas
and
he
Ca oni
Swamp
on
he
wes
coas
nea
Po -o -Spain.
O he
impo an
bu
smalle
swamp
a eas
a e
ound
in
sou hwes
T inidad
and
ca y
he
names
o
Icacos,
Roussillac,
Los
Blanquizales,
and
O opuche
lagoons.
The
i e s
o
T inidad
a e
nume ous
and
e y
small,
none
being
na igable
excep
by
small
boa s.
The
O oi e
Ri e
( o me ly
he
Gua a o)
is
he
longes ,
31
miles,
and
lows
eas wa d
in o
he
A lan ic
Ocean.
The
Ca oni
Ri e
is
he
nex
longes ,
25
miles,
and
lows
wes wa d
in o
he
Gul
o
Pa ia.
GEOLOGY
OF
TRINIDAD
The
geological
s uc u e
is
di e si ied.
Igneous
ocks
a e
no
p esen
excep
o
an
ou c op
a
Toco.
The
No he n
Range
is
composed
p ima ily
o
me amo phic
ocks
o
he
Ju assic
and
C e aceous
pe iods
which
appea
o
ha e
been
olded
du ing
he
middle
Eocene.
The
Cen al
and
Sou he n
anges
a e
composed
o
Te ia y
ock
beds,
while
he
peneplain
o
he
sou h
consis s
mainly
o
Miocene
deposi s.
Al eady
men ioned
is
he
no he n
plain
which
was
p obably
o med
du ing
he
Pleis ocene.
Oil-bea ing
s a a
o
he
Miocene
a e
ound
in
sou h
T inidad
and
he
Gul
o
Pa ia.
Also
ound
in
he
sou h
a e
a
numbe
o
mud
" olcanoes"
which
p ob-
ably
allow
gas
o
escape
om
nea by
oil
deposi s
and
ha e
no hing
in
common
wi h
ue
olcanic
ac i i y.
These
mud
lows
co e
a eas
om
se e al
squa e
miles
o
only
a
ew
ee ;
Mo uga
Bou e
is
he
mos
ac i e
ield.
A
la ge
deposi
o
asphal
is
ound
a
he
amous
Pi ch
Lake
o
La
B ea
which
has
an
a ea
o
127
ac es
and
is
es ima ed
o
be
285
ee
a
i s
g ea es
dep h.
Ea hquakes
a e
equen
bu
ha e
no
been
pa icula ly
se e e.
The
Go e nmen
P in ing
O ice
in
T inidad
published
a
geological
map
o
T ini-
dad
in
1952.
(Fo
he
gene al
geology
o
T inidad,
see
Su on,
1955.)
CLIMATE
OF
TRINIDAD
T inidad
has
a
wa m
and
humid
clima e,
wi h
a
d y
and
a
ainy
season.
The
d y
season
s a s
in
Janua y
and
gene ally
ends
in
May
bu
occasionally
las s
un il
June.
The
emainde
o
he
yea
is
he
ainy
season,
excep
o
a
sho
d y
spell
which
usually
is
o
be
expec ed
be ween
Sep embe
and
No embe .
The
empe a u e
anges
be ween
700
F.
in
he
nigh
o
abou
880
F.
du ing
he
day,
wi h
ex emes
anging
om
600
F.
du ing
he
nigh
in
he
ea ly
pa
o
he
d y
season
o
930
F.
du ing
he
ho es
days
o
he
ainy
season.
The
mean
empe a u e
is
760
F.
The
ela i e
humidi y
is
gene ally
e y
high,
equen ly
app oaching
100
pe
cen
du ing
he
nigh s
o
he
ainy
season
and
d opping
o
a ound
50
o
60
pe
cen
du ing
he
a e noons
o
he
d y
season
and
o
a ound
75
pe
cen
du ing
he
ainy
season.
Sunshine
a e ages
om
six
o
se en
hou s
e e y
day.
The
ade
winds,
which
a e
pa icula ly
cons an
du ing
he
d y
season,
end
o
empe
he
hea .
T inidad
and
Tobago
lie
jus
on
he
sou he n
edge
o
he
Wes
Indian
hu icane
zone
and
a e
seldom
ouched
by
hese
s o ms.
Annual
ain all
igu es
a e
une en
and
ange
om
140
inches
in
he
no heas e n
po ion
o
he
No he n
Range
o
abou
50
inches
in
he
wes ,
pa icula ly
he
d ie
islands
o
he
no hwes
peninsula
opposi e
200
VOL.
1
22

GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
he
Peninsula
de
Pa ia,
Venezuela,
and
also
a
small
a ea
in
he
sou hwes
nea
E in.
VEGETATION
OF
TRINIDAD
The
ac o s
o
clima e,
ain all,
and
a
e ile
soil
a e
esponsible
o
a
g ea
a ie y
o
ege a ion.
Acco ding
o
Bea d
(1946,
p.
25):
"The
local
lo a
appea s
o
show
a ini ies
o
a
emo e
na u e
o
he
lo a
o
Wes
A ica,
ag eeing
wi h
he
geological
iew
o
a
pos-
sible
land
connec ion
ac oss
he
middle
A lan ic
du ing
he
Te ia y
e a.
A
conside a-
ion
o
ee
species
alone
showed
ha
o
he
155
gene a
and
239
species
in
T inidad,
47
gene a
and
12
species
occu
in
Wes
A ica.
Six
o
he
species
a e
li e ally
o
he
kind
p opoga ed
by
ocean
cu en s.
"As
ega d
nea e
ela ions,
he
a ini ies
o
he
local
lo a
a e
Sou h
Ame ican
a he
han
An illean,
again
in
acco dance
wi h
geology.
The e
may
ha e
been
a
land
b idge
wi h
he
sou he nmos
An illes
as
a
up
as
S .
Vincen
(bu
no
a he )
du ing
he
Pliocene,
whe eas
T inidad
has
been
uni ed
o
Venezuela
compa a i ely
ecen ly.
"The
Lesse
An illes
belong
o
a
sepa a e
and
qui e
dis inc
lo is ic
egion.
Tobago
belongs
wi h
T inidad
and
Venezuela,
bu
he e
is
a
sha p
lo is ic
bounda y
be ween
Tobago
and
G enada."
Bea d
(1946,
p.
36)
di ided
he
plan
com-
muni ies
o
T inidad
in o
wo
g oups,
"cli-
ma ic"
and
"edaphic,"
depending
on
whe he
clima e,
o
opog aphy
and
soil,
exe ed
he
g ea e
in luence.
Bea d's
o ma ions
a e:
CLIMATIC
1.
Seasonal
Fo ma ions
a.
E e g een
Seasonal
Fo es
b.
Semi-e e g een
Seasonal
Fo es
c.
Deciduous
Seasonal
Fo es
2.
D y
E e g een
Fo ma ions
a.
Li o al
Woodlands
3.
Mon ane
Fo ma ions
a.
Lowe
Mon ane
Rain
Fo es
b.
Mon ane
Rain
Fo es
c.
El in
Woodland
4.
In e media e
Fo ma ion
a.
Seasonal
Mon ane
Fo es
EDAPHIC
5.
Swamp
Fo ma ions
a.
Swamp
Fo es
b.
Palm
Swamp
c.
He baceous
Swamp
d.
Mang o e
Woodland
6.
Ma sh
Fo ma ions
a.
Ma sh
Fo es
b.
Palm
Ma sh
c.
Sa anna
TERRESTRIAL
AND
AQUATIC
MAMMALS
OF
TRINIDAD,
EXCLUSIVE
OF
THE
BATS
Didelphidae:
Opossums
Didelphis
ma supialis
insula is,
J.
A.
Allen
=
Didelphis
ma supialis
ma supialis
Lin-
naeus,
acco ding
o
Cab e a
(1957,
pp.
42-
43).
Black-ea ed
Opossum,
"manicou"
Ma mosa
mi is
chapmani
J.
A.
Allen.
G ea e
T inidadian
Mu ine
Opossum
Ma mosa
ca i
(J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman).
Lesse
T inidadian
Mu ine
Opossum
Calu omys
philande
ini a is
(Thomas).
Woolly
Opossum,
"manicou
g os-yeux"
Chi onec es
minimus
minimus
(Zimme mann).
Yapok,
Wa e
Opossum
Cebidae:
Monkeys
Aloua a
seniculus
insula is
Ellio .
Red
Howle ,
''macaque
ouge"
Cebus
albi ons
ini a is
Pusch.
Capuchin,
"weeping
capuchin,"
"ma chin"
My mecophagidae:
An ea e s
Tamandua
longicauda a
longicauda a
(Wagne ).
Th ee- oed
An ea e ,
"yellow
amandua,"
"ma ape o,"
"ma apel"
Cyclopes
didac ylus
didac ylus
(Linnaeus).
Two-
oed
An ea e ,
"silky
an ea e ,"
"poo -me-
one,"
"slo h,"
"ai
pa esseux"
Dasypodidae:
A madillos
Dasypus
no emcinc us
no emcinc us
Linnaeus.
Nine-banded
A madillo,
" a u,"
" a oo"
Sciu idae:
Squi els
Sciu us
g ana ensis
chapmani
J.
A.
Allen.
T inidadian
Squi el,
"ecu iel,"
squi el
Mu idae:
Ra s
and
Mice
O yzomys
concolo
speciosus
J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman.
A bo eal
Rice
Ra
O yzomys
ini a is
J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman=
O yzomys
concolo
speciosus
J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman,
acco ding
o
He shko i z
(1960,
p.
553)
O yzomys
la iceps
elu inus
J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman.
Te es ial
Rice
Ra
O yzomys
delica us
delica us
J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman.
Pygmy
Rice
Ra
Akodon
u ichi
J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman.
G ass
Mouse
Akodon
us a o
J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman=
Zygodon omys
b e icauda b e icauda
(J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman),
acco ding
o
Gylden-
s olpe
(1932,
p.
112)
1961
201
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
VOL.
122
Rhipidomys
couesi
(J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman).
T ee
Ra
Nec omys
squamipes
palmipes
J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman.
T inidadian
Wa e
Ra
Zygodon omys
b e icauda
b e icauda
(J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman).
T inidadian
Cane
Ra
Ra us
a us
a us
(Linnaeus).
Black
Ra
(in oduced)
Ra us
a us
alexand inus
( .
Geo oy-Sain -
Hilai e).
G ay-bellied
o
Alexand ia
Ra
o
Roo
Ra
(in oduced)
Ra us
a us
ugi o us
(Ra inesque).
Whi e-
bellied
o
F ui
Ra
(in oduced)
Ra us
no egicus
(Be kenhou ).
No way
Ra ,
Wha
Ra
(in oduced).
Mus
musculus
b e i os is
Wa e house.
House
Mouse
(in oduced)
He e omyidae:
Spiny
Pocke
Mice
He e omys
anomalus
anomalus
(Thompson).
T inidadian
Spiny
Pocke
Mouse,
"pouched
a "
Echimyidae:
Spiny
Ra s
Echimys
a ma us
cas aneus
(J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman).
G ea e
T inidadian
Spiny
Ra ,
"pilo i,"
"po cupine
a "
P oechimys
guyannensis
ini a is
(J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman).
Lesse
T inidadian
Spiny
Ra ,
"long- ailed
pilo i"
E e hizon idae:
Po cupines
Coendu
p ehensilis
longicauda us
Lacepede.
P e-
hensile- ailed
Po cupine,
"po c
6
pic,"
"coendu"
Dasyp oc idae:
Agou is
Dasyp oc a
agou i
(Linnaeus).
Agou i
Agou i
(Cuniculus)
paca
(Linnaeus).
Paca,
"lappe,"
"lapa"
P ocyonidae:
Raccoons
P ocyon
canc i o us
canc i o us
(Cu ie ).
C ab-
ea ing
Raccoon,
"mang o e
dog,"
"chien
mangue"
Mus elidae:
Weasels
Lu a
enud is
F.
Cu ie .
O e ,
"wa e
dog,"
"chien
de
1'eau"
Ei a
ba ba a
ini a is
Thomas.
Tay a,
"high
woods
dog,"
"chien
bois"
Vi e idae:
Mongooses.
He pes es
au opunc a us
(Hodgson).
Indian
Mongoose
(in oduced)
Felidae:
Ca s
Felis
pa dalis
Linnaeus.
Ocelo ,
" ige
ca ,"
"cha
ig e"
T ichechidae:
Sea
Cows
T ichechus
mana us
(Linnaeus).
Mana ee,
"la-
man in"
Tayassuidae:
Pecca ies
Tayassu
ajacu
(Linnaeus).
Colla ed
Pecca y,
"quenk,"
"quank,"
"wild
hog"
Ce idae:
Dee
Mazama
ame icana
ini a is
J.
A.
Allen.
Red
B ocke ,
Dee ,
"biche"
Bo idae:
Ca le
Bubalis
bubalis
(Linnaeus).
Indian
Bu alo,
Wa e
Bu alo,
"bison"
(in oduced
as
a
beas
o
bu den)
GEOGRAPHY
AND
TOPOGRAPHY
OF
TOBAGO
Tobago
lies
19
miles
no heas
o
T inidad
a
la i ude
110
09'
N.
and
longi ude
600
12'
W.
C own
Poin ,
i s
sou hwes e n
ex emi y,
is
abou
72
miles
sou heas
o
Sain
Da id's
Poin ,
G enada,
and
abou
120
miles
sou h-
wes
o
he
island
o
Ba bados.
Tobago
em-
b aces
an
a ea
o
abou
116
squa e
miles
and
is
26
miles
long
and
74
miles
wide
a
i s
g ea -
es
b ead h.
A
idge
o
hills
ex ends
o
wo- hi ds
o
he
leng h
o
he
island
om
he
no h-
eas e n
end.
The
summi s
o
he
idge
a e
i egula
bu
ounded
and
lack
any
olcanic
ea u es.
The
no he n
side
o
he
idge
has
e y
s eep
slopes,
while
on
he
sou he n
side,
be ween
he
hills
and
ex ending
o
he
coas ,
a e
a
numbe
o
well-wa e ed
alleys.
The
sou hwes e n
pa
o
he
island
con ains
low-
lying
plains
om
which
ise
a
numbe
o
hills.
The
highes
poin
(unnamed)
on
Tobago
is
1890
ee .
Pigeon
Peak
is
1800
ee
in
ele a-
ion,
while
F ench
Hill
is
801
ee
in
ele a ion.
The
p incipal
i e s
all
low
in o
he
A lan ic
Ocean
and
a e
om
abou
5
o
6
miles
in
leng h.
They
a e
he
Goldsbo ough
Ri e ,
he
Louis
d'O
Ri e ,
and
he
Cou -
land
Ri e .
Tobago
is
less
humid
han
T inidad.
The
a e age
annual
empe a u e
is
abou
800
F.
The
ain all
is
abou
90
inches
in
he
no he n
dis ic s
and
abou
60
inches
in
he
sou he n
and
wes e n
a eas
whe e
he e
is
e y
li le
o es .
Fo es ,
whe e
p esen ,
consis s
p i-
ma ily
o
Deciduous
Seasonal
and
some
Lowe
Mon ane
Rain
Fo es
in
addi ion
o
some
Swamp
Fo ma ions.
Lying
no heas
14
miles
o
Tobago
is
he
island
o
Li le
Tobago,
a
he
p esen
ime
a
sanc ua y
o
some
Lesse
Bi ds
o
Pa a-
dise
ha
we e
in oduced
om
New
Guinea
in
1909.
TERRESTRIAL
MAMMALS
OF
TOBAGO,
EXCLUSIVE
OF
THE
BATS
The
ollowing
lis
o
Tobago
mammals
is
based
la gely
on
species
collec ed
by
F anklin
202
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0>
CD
-
40
e
10
W
_
..0
00
C
0
~ ~ ~
0
4
8:
o
We
la
I.-
z
-.4
)U)
49
2
0:
m
ow
4
0;
us
z
-3
-3
0
O
$
^C
O
W
g %
1
'U
-1
'N
-
-
0:
C:.
%
3
a
ZI;
`2
;;
a
Ci3
w
w
.I
I
*
*
0
o
0
0
0
o
1
:
I:.
I
:
I
w
l-
00
0
4
C'sd
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
ai
o
203
0
us
-j
I
0
a
CD
0
0
Co
0
0
Cd
00
2
0H
80
4o
'-
Cd
0
A
o
°
&
oC.
04
0d
(
*
S.,
bOD
oo
0
H
o
i
2
.
;P
O
2
4
TABLE
1
LIST
OF
PARASITES
AND
THEIR
BAT
HOSTS
IN
TRINIDAD
Pa asi es
Hos s
Ces oda
Uniden i ied
ces ode
Nema oda
Uniden i ied
nema ode
T ema oda
Uniden i ied
ema odes
Sa cop idae
(mi es)
Teinocop es
sp.
Spin u nicidae
(mi es)
Spin u nix
sp.
De manyssidae
(mi es)
Icho onyssus
sp.
Myobiidae
(mi es)
Myobia
sp.
Ixodidae
( icks)
Ixodes
downsi
O ni hodo os
az eci
O ni hodo os
dunni
O ni hodo os
igue asi
T ombiculidae
(chigge s)
Beame ella
acu ascu a
Euschongas ia
anops
Euschingas ia
colombiae
Euschongas ia
desmodus
Euschongas ia
lipoglena
Euschongas ia
megas y ax
Eu ombicula
ba a as
Eu ombicula
geldii
Spelecola
secunda
T ombicula
ca menae
T ombicula
disco s
T ombicula
longicalca
T ombicula
mac ozo a
T ombicula
monops
T ombicula
peca i
T ombicula
saccop e yx
T ombicula
ibbe isi
T ombicula
espe uginis
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us
Mic onyc e is
megalo is
megalo is
Noc ilio
lepo inus
lepo inus
Pe op e yx
mac o is
ini a is
Phyllos omus
discolo
discolo
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us
A ibeus
jamaicensis
ini a is
Noc ilio
lepo inus
lepo inus
Mic onyc e is
b achyo is
Molossus
majo
majo
Molossus
majo
majo
Anou a
geo oyi
geo oyi
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
Molossus
a e
a e
Noc ilio
lepo inus
lepo inus
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
Ple ono us
da yi
da yi
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
Mic onyc e is
hi su a
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
Desmodus
o undus o undus
Glossophaga
so icina
so icina
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
Mic onyc e is
megalo is
megalo is
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
Desmodus
o undus o undus
U ode ma
biloba um
biloba um
A ibeus
cine eus
cine eus
Saccop e yx
bilinea a
pe spicilli e
Mic onyc e is
hi su a
Phyllos omus
discolo
discolo
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
Saccop e yx
bilinea a
pe spicilli e
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
A ibeus
jamaicensis
ini a is
204
TABLE
1-(Con inued)
Wha onia
nudose osa
Wha onia
inidadensis
S eblidae
(ba
lies)
Aspidop e a
clo isi
Aspidop e a
megas igma
Euc enodes
sp.
Euc enodes
mi abilis
Nyc e ophilia
coxa a
Pa adyschi ia
dubia
Pa a ichobis
longic us
P e ellipsis
sp.
P e ellipsis
a anea
Speise ia
ambigua
S ebla
espe ilionis
T ichobius
coecus
T ichobius
cos alimai
T ichobius
dugesii
T ichobius
mix us
T ichobius
pa asi icus
T ichobius
pe spicilla us
Cimicidae
(bedbugs)
La ocimex
sp.
Polyc enidae
(blood-sucking
bugs)
Hespe oc enes
uma ius
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
Mic onyc e is
hi su a
Mic onyc e is
megalo is
megalo is
Saccop e yx
bilinea a
pe spicilli e
Vampy um
spec um
spec um
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
Anou a
geo oyi
geo oyi
Noc ilio
lepo inus
lepo inus
Diaemus
youngi
Molossus
a e
a e
Saccop e yx
bilinea a
pe spicilli e
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
Glossophaga
so icina
so icina
Phyllos omus
discolo
discolo
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
Noc ilio
lepo inus
lepo inus
A ibeus
li u a us
palma um
A ibeus
cine eus
cine eus
A ibeus
jamaicensis
ini a is
A ibeus
li u a us
palma um
Anou a
geo oyi
geo oyi
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
Glossophaga
so icina
so icina
Mic onyc e is
b achyo is
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
uscus
Phyllos omus
discolo
discolo
Anou a
geo oyi
geo oyi
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
Diaemus
youngi
Enchis henes
ha ii
Glossophaga
so icina
so icina
Mic onyc e is
b achyo is
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us
Anou a
geo oyi
geo oyi
Phyllos omus
discolo
discolo
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
Phyllos omus
discolo
discolo
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
Noc ilio
lepo inus
lepo inus
Molossus
a e
a e
205
Pa asi es
Hos s

BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
Thu ab
in
1960
o
he
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y.
Didelphidae:
Opossums
Didelphis
ma supialis
insula is
J.
A.
Allen.
Black-ea ed
Opossum
Ma mosa
mi is
subsp.
G ea e
T inidadian
Mu ine
Opossum.
A
compa a i ely
la ge,
sho - ailed
species;
he
a io
o
he
leng h
o
head
and
body
o
he
leng h
o
ail
is
95
pe
cen
Ma mosa
obagi
Thomas.
Tobago
Mu ine
Opossum.
A
compa a i ely
small,
long- ailed
species;
he
a io
o
he
leng h
o
head
and
body
o
he
leng h
o
ail
is
71
pe
cen
Dasypodidae:
A madillos
Dasypus
no emcinc us
Linnaeus.
Nine-banded
A madillo
Sciu idae:
Squi els
Sciu us
g ana ensis
obagensis
Osgood.
Tobago
Squi el
Mu idae:
Ra s
and
Mice
Akodon
u ichi
J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman.
G ass
Mouse
Rhipidomys
sp.
Tobago
Li le
T ee
Ra
Zygodon omys
b e icauda
b e icauda
(J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman).
T inidadian
Cane
Ra
Ra us
a us
ugi o us
(Ra inesque).
Whi e-
bellied
o
F ui
Ra
(in oduced)
Mus
musculus
b e i os is
Wa e house.
House
Mouse
(in oduced)
He e omyidae:
Spiny
Pocke
Mice
He e omys
anomalus
anomalus
(Thompson).
Spiny
Pocke
Mouse.
Echimyidae:
Spiny
Ra s
Echimys
a ma us
cas aneus
(J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman).
G ea e
T inidadian
Spiny
Ra
Dasyp oc idae:
Agou is
Dasyp oc a
agou i
(Linnaeus).
Agou i
Ce idae:
Dee
Mazama
ame icana
ini a is
J.
A.
Allen.
Red
B ocke .
Odocoileus
i ginianus
(Zimme man).
Whi e-
ailed
Dee
(in oduced)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
A
deb
o
g a i ude
is
due
o
a
la ge
num-
be
o
people
o
hei
alued
assis ance
and
coope a ion
in
he
p epa a ion
o
his
epo ,
especially
hose
who
ha e
wo ked
wi h
he
junio
au ho
in
T inidad.
Pa icula ly
wo hy
o
men ion
he e
a e
membe s
o
he
s a
o
he
T inidad
Regional
Vi us
Labo a-
o y:
D .
Wilbu
G.
Downs,
Di ec o ;
D .
T.
H.
G.
Ai ken,
En omologis ;
D .
C.
R.
Ande son,
Vi ologis ;
D .
Leslie
Spence,
Vi ologis ;
and
D .
E.
A.
Belle,
Pa asi olo-
gis .
Also
dese ing
o
special
men ion
he e
a e
M .
J.
A.
Bullb ook
and
M .
Ludol
Wehe-
kind,
Associa e
Cu a o s
o
he
Royal
Vic o ia
Ins i u e
Museum;
M .
Julien
Kenny,
Depa men
o
Fishe ies;
D .
Vic o
C.
Quesnel,
Colonial
Mic obiological
Re-
sea ch
Ins i u e;
D .
H.
P.
S.
Gille e,
Fed-
e al
Medical
Ad ise
o
he
Wes
Indies;
M .
Manee
Sooka ,
supe iso
o
he
ba -ca ch-
ing
c ew
a
he
Po -o -Spain
Public
Heal h
Depa men ;
M .
Lionel
C aw o d
and
M .
E ol
Ache,
Senio
An i-Rabies
Inspec o s;
M .
F anklin
Thu ab,
Labo a o y
Assis an ;
and
he
s a
o
ba -ca che s.
Ou
g a e ul
app ecia ion
is
ex ended
o
he
Go e nmen
o
T inidad
and
Tobago,
espe-
cially
he
Minis y
o
Ag icul u e,
Lands,
and
BLE
2
ALPHABETICAL
LIST
OF
TRINIDAD
AND
TOBAGO
BATS
T inidad
Tobago
Ame ida
cen u io
G ay
x
Anou a
geo oyi
geo oyi
G ay
x
A ibeus
cine eus
cine eus
(Ge ais)
x
x
A ibeus
jamaicensis
ini a is
Ande sen
xa
x
A ibeus
li u a us
palma um
J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman
x'
x
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
(Linnaeus)
x
x
Cen u io
senex
G ay
x
x
Chilonyc e is
pe sona a pe sona a
Wagne
x
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
J.
A.
Allen
x
Chi ode ma
ini a um
Goodwin
xa
Chi ode ma
illosum
illosum
Pe e s
x
x
206
VOL.
12
2
1961
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
207
TABLE
2-(Con inued)
T inidad
Tobago
Choe oniscus
in e medius
(J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman)
X-
Dasyp e us
ega
panamensis
Thomas
x
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
( .
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e)
x
Diaemus
youngi
(Jen ink)
x
Diclidu us
albus
Wied-Neuwied
x
Enchis henes
ha ii
(Thomas)
xa
Ep esicus
melanop e us
(Jen ink)
x
Fu ip e us ho ens
(F.
Cu ie )
x
Glossophaga
longi os is
majo
Goodwin
xa
x
Glossophaga
so icina
so icina
(Pallas)
x
Lasiu us
bo ealis
an zii
(Pe e s)
x
Loncho hina
au i a
au i a
Tomes
xa
Mic onyc e is
b achyo is
(Dobson)
x
Mic onyc e is
hi su a
(Pe e s)
x
Mic onyc e is
megalo is
megalo is
(G ay)
x
x
Mic onyc e is
minu a
(Ge ais)
x
Mic onyc e is
nice o i
Sanbo n
x
Mic onyc e is
syl es is
(Thomas)
x
Mimon
c enula um
c enula um
( .
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e)
x
Molossops
g eenhalli
(Goodwin)
Xa
Molossus
a e
a e
.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e
x
Molossus
majo
majo
(Ke )
x
x
Molossus
ini a us
Goodwin
xa
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
Mille
xa
Myo is
nig icans
nig icans
(Schinz)
x
x
Na alus
umidi os is
haymani
Goodwin
xa
Noc ilio
lepo inus
lepo inus
(Linnaeus)
x
x
Pe op e yx
mac o is
mac o is
(Wagne )
x
Pe op e yx
mac o is
ini a is
Mille
xa
Phyllos omus
discolo discolo
Wagne
x
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us
(Pallas)
x
x
P omops
cen alis
Thomas
x
P e ono us
da yi
da yi
G ay
xa
Rhogeessa
pa ula
minu illa
Mille
x
Rhogeessa
umida
ipa ia
Goodwin
x
Rhynchiscus
naso
(Wied-Neuwied)
x
Saccop e yx
bilinea a
pe spicilli e
Mille
xa
Saccop e yx
lep u a
(Sch ebe )
x
x
S u ni a
lilium
lilium
(g.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e)
x
S u ni a
ildae
De
la
To e
xa
Tada ida
eu ops
(H.
Allen)
x
Tada ida
b asiliensis
an illula um
(Mille )
x
Thy op e a
icolo
icolo
Spix
x
Tona ia
bidens
(Spix)
x
Tona ia
minu a
Goodwin
x
T achops
ci hosus
(Spix)
x
U ode ma
biloba um
biloba um
Pe e s
x
Vampy odes
ca accioloi
ca accioloi
(Thomas)
a
x
Vampy ops
helle i
Pe e s
x
Vampy um
spec um
spec um
(Linnaeus)
x
a
Type.
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
Fishe ies,
and
he
Minis y
o
Heal h,
Wa e ,
and
Sani a ion.
An
acknowledgmen
o
he
loan
o
ma e-
ial
and
in o ma ion
on
specimens
in
o he
museums
is
due
o
D .
Cha les
0.
Handley,
J .,
Uni ed
S a es
Na ional
Museum;
M .
R.
W.
Hayman,
B i ish
Museum
(Na u al
His o y);
D .
Ba ba a
Law ence,
Museum
o
Coopa a i e
Zoology
a
Ha a d
College;
M .
Philip
He shko i z,
Chicago
Na u al
His o y
Museum;
D .
G.
H.
W.
S ein,
Humbold -Uni e si a ,
Be lin;
P o .
Be -
na do
Villa
R.,
Ins i u o
de
Biologia,
Mexico;
D .
E.
Raymond
Hall,
Uni e si y
o
Kansas;
D .
Jean
Do s ,
Museum
Na ional
d'His oi e
Na u elle,
Pa is;
and
Fa he
A.
M.
Husson,
Rijksmuseum
an
Na uu lijke
His o ie,
Leiden.
The
ex
igu es
we e
p epa ed
by
Miss
Ma ia
Wimme ,
scien i ic
illus a o ,
Uni-
e si y
o
Vienna,
while
wo king
empo a ily
in
he
G aphic
A s
Depa men
o
he
Ame i-
can
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y.
The
maps
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
we e
p epa ed
by
M s.
Phyllis
Mo se,
G aphic
A s
Depa -
men ,
he
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y.
The
pho og aphs
o
skulls
we e
made
by
M .
Robe
E.
Logan,
Manage ,
Pho og aphy
and
Slides
Di ision,
he
Ame i-
can
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y.
D .
Richa d
G.
Van
Gelde ,
Chai man
o
he
Depa men
o
Mammalogy
o
he
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y,
has
been
mos
help ul
in
o e ing
his
aluable
ad ice
and
c i icism.
The
junio
au ho
is
la gely
esponsible
o
he
gene al
in oduc ion
and
he
p epa a ion
o
he
Gaze ee ,
and
has
con ibu ed
he
obse a ions
and
ecological
no es
on
T ini-
dad
ba s.
M s.
Elizabe h
Rusk
G eenhall,
who
ac-
companied
he
junio
au ho
on
many
o
his
ield
ips
in
T inidad
and
Tobago,
has
ende ed
much-app ecia ed
assis ance
in
he
p epa a ion
o
he
in oduc ion
and
in
com-
piling
he
ield
no es.
COLLECTIONS
REPRESENTED
The
p esen
epo
is
based
p incipally
on
760
specimens
o
ba s
om
T inidad
and
Tobago
in
he
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y,
197
in
he
Uni ed
S a es
Na ional
Museum,
and
61
in
he
Museum
o
Compa a-
i e
Zoology
a
Ha a d
College
a
he
p esen
ime.
Mos
o
he
ma e ial
is
p e-
se ed
in
spi i s.
Some
subs an ia ed
eco ds
o
specimens
in
o he
museums
a e
included.
A
la ge
pa
o
he
wo king
ma e ial
was
dona ed
o
he
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y
by
he
Depa men
o
Ag icul u e
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
and
he
Royal
Vic o ia
Ins i u e
Museum,
T inidad.
A e
he
pub-
lica ion
o
he
p esen
epo ,
a
ep esen a i e
se ies
o
he
ba s
o
T indad
and
Tobago
will
be
e u ned
o
T inidad.
TREATMENT,
MEASUREMENTS,
WEIGHTS,
AND
ABBREVIATIONS
Mos
o
he
headings
in
he
ex
a e
s and-
a d
in
mammalogy,
bu
one
is
gi en
some
explana ion.
Range
unde
he
named
o ms
does
no
co e
he
en i e
dis ibu ion
o
he
species
o
subspecies
bu
e e s
only o
eco ds
o
T inidad
and
Tobago.
All
measu emen s
a e
gi en
in
millime e s.
The
leng h
o
he
o ea m
is
aken
om
he
elbow
o
he
p oximal
ex emi y
o
he
olded
inge s
o
he
wing.
The
leng h
o
he
skull
is
aken
om
he
on
o
he
inciso s
o
he
pos e io mos
ex ension
o
he
b aincase.
The
condylobasal
leng h
is
inclusi e
o
he
in-
ciso s.
Measu emen s
in
he
keys
o
species,
gi en
in
pa en heses,
immedia ely
p eceding
a
named
o m
apply
only
o
he
pa icula
o m
indica ed
and
a e
no
key
cha ac e s.
The
weigh s
a e
gi en
in
g ams
and
we e
aken
om
eshly
killed
specimens.
The
names
o
colo s
ha
a e
capi alized
in
he
desc ip ions
a e
om
Ridgway
(1912).
Abb e ia ions
ep esen ing
names
o
mu-
seums
om
which
specimens
ha e
been
e-
co ded
a e:
A.M.N.H.,
he
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y
B.M.,
B i ish
Museum
(Na u al
His o y)
C.N.M.H.,
Chicago
Na u al
His o y
Museum
L.S.U.,
Louisiana
S a e
Uni e si y
M.C.Z.,
Museum
o
Compa a i e
Zoology
a
Ha a d
College
M.N.H.N.,
Museum
Na ional
d'His oi e
Na u-
elle,
Pa is
R.N.H.L.,
Rijksmuseum
an
Na uu lijke
His-
oi e,
Leiden
U.F.,
Uni e si y
o
Flo ida
U.A.N.M.,
Uni e sidad
Nacional
Au 6noma
de
Mexico
U.S.N.M.,
Uni ed
S a es
Na ional
Museum
208
VOL.
12
2
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
CHANGES
IN
NOMENCLATURE
A
lis
o
he
p esen ly
ecognized
ba s
o
T inidad
and
Tobago
is
gi en
in
able
2.
The
ollowing
names
ha
ha e
appea ed
in
pub-
lished
lis s
and
in
he
li e a u e
ha e
been
changed
and
b ough
up
o
da e.
An
expla-
na ion
o
hese
changes
will
be
ound
in
he
ex
unde
he
ema ks
conce ning
he
alid
gene a
and
o ms.
Chilonyc e is
pa neliji,
Koopman
=
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa usca
J.
A.
Allen
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
ubiginosa,
G eenhall
=
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
J.
A.
Allen
Cynomops
g eenhalli
Goodwin=
Molossops
g een-
halli
(Goodwin)
Cynomops
plani os is
plani os is,
G eenhall
=
Molossops
g eenhalli
(Goodwin)
Dasyp e us
ega
ega,
G eenhall
=
Dasyp e us
ega
panamensis
Thomas
Ep esicus
b asiliensis,
Koopman
=
Ep esicus
me-
lanop e us
(Jen ink)
Glossophaga
majo
Goodwin
=
Glossophaga
longi-
os is
majo
Goodwin
Molossus
u us,
Mille
=
Molossus
a e
a e
.
Geo -
oy-S .-Hilai e
Mo moops
megalophylla
megalophylla,
G eenhall
=
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
Mille
Mic onyc e is
pla yceps
Sanbo n
=
Mic onyc e is
b achyo is
(Dobson)
Na alus
s amineus,
Sanbo n
=
Na alus
umidi os-
is
haymani
Goodwin
Pla y hinus
helle i,
Hall
and
Kelson
=
Vampy ops
helle i
Pe e s
Rhogeessa
io,
G eenhall
=
Rhogeesa
pa ula
minu -
ella
Mille
Rhogeessa
umida,
G eenhall
=
Rhogeessa
umida
ipai a
Goodwin
Rhynchonyc e is
naso,
Hall
and
Kelson
=
Rhynchis-
cus
naso
(Wied-Neuwied)
Tada ida
b asiliensis
b asiliensis,
G eenhall
=
Ta-
da ida eu ops
(H.
Allen)
Thy op e a
icolo
albigula,
G eenhall
=
Thy op-
e a
icolo icolo
Spix
Tona ia
enezuelae,
Sanbo n
=
Tona ia
minu a
Goodwin
The
eco ds
on
which
h ee
species
(Myo is
albescens,
G eenhall,
1956,
p.
18;
Myo is
a gen a us,
Koopman,
1958,
p.
433;
and
Pipis ellus
sub la us,
Koopman,
1958,
p.
433)
we e
included
in
ecen
lis s
o
T inidad
ba s
p o e
o
be
e oneous.
The
specimens
on
which
hese
eco ds
we e
based
ha e
now
been
iden i ied
as
Myo is
luci ugus
and
Pipis ellus
sub la us.
They
a e
all
labeled
Indian
O en
Ca es,
a
locali y
in
he
S a e
o
New
Yo k,
no
T inidad.
Fi y-eigh
named
o ms
a e
now
eco ded
om
T inidad.
Se en een
species
a e
known
o
occu
on
Tobago,
including
h ee
o ms
no
ep esen ed
in
T inidad:
Pe op e yx
mac o us
mac o us,
Ep esicus
melanop e us,
and
Tada ida
b asiliensis
an illula um.
All
he
named
o ms
eco ded
om
T inidad
and
Tobago
wi h
he
excep ion
o
Echis henes
ha ii,
Ep esicus
melanop e us
(M.C.Z.),
and
Tada ida
b asiliensis
an illula um
(U.S.N.
M.)
a e
ep esen ed
in
he
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y
collec ions
a
he
p esen
ime.
209
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
9.
Do sal
iew
o
an eb achial
memb ane
o
Pe op e yx
mac o is
mac o is,
showing
glandula
sac
nea
uppe
edge.
pe o a ing
in e emo al
memb ane
and
ap-
pea ing
on
uppe
side.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
anging
om
da k
Bu y
B own
h ough
g ayish
and
eddish
b own
o
da k
Blackish
B own,
hai
mo e
o
less
unicolo ed
bu
sligh ly
pale
a
base;
unde
pa s
abou
colo
o
back.
Skull
small,
wi h
a
e y
sha p
angle
be ween
os um
and
b aincase;
os um
much
in la ed;
basisphenoid
pi
no
di ided
by
a
pla e
( ig.
11);
pos o bi al
p ocesses
e y
slende
( ig.
10);
uppe
inciso s
e y
small,
simple;
lowe
inciso s
small
and
i id.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
3-3;
canines,
_-1;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
3_3
=
32.
MEASUREMENTS:
Th ee
emales
om
To-
bago:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
46.2,
46.0,
47.2.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
14.7,
14.8,
15.0;
zygo-
ma ic
b ead h,
7.9,
8.3,
8.4;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M',
5.8,
5.8,
6.0.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
Tobago:
Robinson
C usoe's
Ca e,
wo
(A.M.N.H.),
i e
(M.C.Z.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
This
ba
has
been
ound
on
Tobago
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Glossophaga
longi os is
in
well-ligh ed
lime-
s one
and
co al
ca es
ha
o e look
he
ocean.
FOOD:
As
do
o he
sac-winged
ba s,
Pe-
op e yx
m.
mac o is
eeds
on
insec s.
REMARKS:
Tha
he
la ge
mainland
o m
o
Pe op e yx
mac o is
should
be
ound
on
Tobago
is
su p ising,
bu
he
c anial
and
ex-
e nal
measu emen s
clea ly
indica e
ha
he
Tobago
se ies
is
de ini ely
la ge
han
any
o
he
T inidad
specimens.
Pe op e yx
mac o is
dni a is
Mille
TRINIDADIAN
SAC-WINGED
BAT
Pla e
8,
igu es
4-6
Pe op e yx
ini a is
MILLER,
1899,
Bull.
Ame .
Mus.
Na .
His .,
ol.
12,
p.
178.
Pe op e yx
mac o is
ini a is,
SANBORN,
1937,
Pubi.
Field
Mus.
Na .
His .,
zool.
se .,
ol.
20,
p.
341.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Po -o -Spain,
T inidad,
Wes
Indies.
RANGE:
T inidad;
eco ded
om
no h-
wes e n
T inidad
bu
p obably
has
a
much
wide
dis ibu ion.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
Like
hose
o
Pe op e yx
mac o is
mac o is
bu
a e aging
smalle ,
wi h
a
smalle
skull
and
sho e
o e-
a m.
DESCRIPTION:
Excep
o
smalle
size
and
he
ac
ha
he
hai s
a e
sligh ly
pale
a
base,
exac ly
like
P.
m.
mac o is.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
One
male
and
wo
emales
om
T inidad,
wi h
hose
o
he
ype,
a
emale,
in
pa en heses:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
42.5,
42.0,
43.0
(41.0).
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
13.9,
13.6,
13.2
(13.8);
zygo-
ma ic
b ead h,
7.7,
7.7,
7.7
(7.5);
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
2.8,
2.3,
2.6
(2.6);
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M',
5.3,
5.5,
5.4
(5.4).
Weigh s:
Six
males,
3.7-8.0;
wo
emales,
8.0,
9.2.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Moka
Es a e,
Ma a al,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Po -o -
Spain,
i e
(A.M.N.H.),
h ee
(U.S.N.M.);
Wa e
Fall
Road,
Ma acas,
wo
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
This
ba
is
usually
ound
oos ing
in
small
g oups
no
exceeding
six
indi iduals.
I
has
been
aken
in
well-
ligh ed
ca es,
including
sea
ca es;
inside
buildings,
such
as
chu ches,
ha
ha e
high
da k
ceilings
and
a e s;
and
unde nea h
houses
ha
ha e
been
buil
on
pilla s
and
he e o e
ha e
sub-basemen s.
I
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Saccop-
e yx
bilinea a,
Glossophaga
so icina,
and
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a.
The
ligh
o
Pe op-
e yx
is
no
pa icula ly
swi
no
is
his
ba
easily
dis u bed,
e en
when
sho
a .
The
wing
sac
o
a
male
aken
wi h
a
emale
in
a
FIG.
10.
Do sal
iew
o
os um
o
Pe op e yx
mac o is
mac o is,
showing
long,
slende ,
pos -
o bi al
p ocesses.
216
VO
L.
12
2

GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
FIG.
11.
Ven al
iew
o
pala e
o
Pe op e yx
mac o is
mac o is,
showing
basisphenoid
pi
wi h-
ou
di iding
pla e.
ca e
on
No embe
21,
1957,
had
a
e y
s ong
swee
smell
bu
no
an
o ensi e
odo ,
qui e
di e en
om
he
musky
smell
o
Molossus,
Noc ilio,
and
Phyllos omus
has-
a us.
PARASITES:
Uniden i ied
species
o
em-
a odes
we e
ound
in
six
specimens.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
SUBFAMILY
DICLIDURINAE
MILLER
WHITE
BATS
Small
o
medium-sized,
slende
ba s
wi h
a he
long,
lax,
whi e
o
g ayish
pelage;
muzzle
simple,
wi hou
wa y
ou g ow hs;
ea s
ounded,
usually
hai y
on
ou e
side;
calca
well
de eloped;
humb
small,
enclosed
o
mos
o
i s
leng h
in
lying
memb ane
and
wi h
a
udimen a y
claw;
p oximal
phalanx
o
hi d
inge
e lexed
when
a
es ;
cla icle
expanded,
i s
wid h
a
wides
poin
mo e
han
one- hi d
o
i s
leng h;
ibia
wi h
a
deep
longi udinal
g oo e;
a
glandula
sac
nea
middle
o
in e emo al
memb ane,
well
de-
eloped
in
some
gene a.
This
sub amily
includes
Diclidu us
and
he
li le-known
Sou h
Ame ican
gene a
Cy -
a ops
and
Depanyc e is.
GENUS
DICLIDURUS
WIED-NEUWIED
SAC-TAILED
BATS
Diclidu us
WIED-NEUWIED,
1820,
Isis
on
Oken,
o
1819,
ol.
5,
no.
10,
p.
1629.
Type,
Diclidu us
albus
Wied-Neuwied.
No
glandula
sac
in
wing
memb anes;
skull
wi h
b aincase
ele a ed
abo e
os um;
os um
dep essed,
wi h
ele a ed
la e al
idges;
pos o bi al
p ocesses
unde eloped.
RANGE:
F om
Oaxaca,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Pe u
and
Espi i o
San o,
B azil.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T inidad.
Diclidu us
albus
Wied-Neuwied
GREATER
WHITE
OR
GHOST
BAT,
JUMBIE
BAT
Pla e
9,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
12-14
Diclidu us
albus
WIED-NEUWIED,
1820,
Isis
on
Oken,
o
1819,
ol.
5,
no.
10,
p.
1630.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Rio
Pa do,
Bahia,
B azil.
RANGE:
T inidad;
uncommon
and
known
om
only
one
specimen.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS.
A
medium-sized,
slende ,
whi e
ba
wi h
a
glandula
sac
nea
middle
o
in e emo al
memb ane
on
uppe
side
( ig.
13).
DESCRIPTION:
Pelage
a he
long,
lax,
and
e e ywhe e
whi e
excep
a
base
o
hai s
whe e
i
may
be
g ayish;
lying
memb anes
and
limbs
yellowish
whi e;
ea s
sho
and
ounded;
nose
simple;
eyes
la ge;
ail
sho e
han
and
pe o a ing
in e emo al
mem-
b ane,
i s
ex emi y
associa ed
wi h
a
pouch
o
s uc u e
ha
appea s
o
be
glandula .
Skull
wi h
a
la ge
b aincase;
os um
b oad
and
dep essed,
wi h
ele a ed
la e al
idges;
pos o bi al
p ocesses
unde eloped
( ig.
14);
uppe
inciso s
small,
wi h
an e io
and
pos e-
io
cingulum
cusps,
sepa a ed
om
canines
and
om
each
o he ;
uppe
canines
wi h
a
small
bu
dis inc
subsidia y
cusp
on
a
le el
wi h
ips
o
inciso s;
i s
uppe
p emola
e y
small;
lowe
inciso s
small,
subequal,
and
iloba e;
ibia
long
and
slende ,
wi h
a
deep
longi udinal
g oo e.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
3_3;
canines,
_1;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
3-3
=
32.
MEASUREMENTS:
An
adul ,
no
sexed,
om
T inidad
and
he
ype
(in
pa en heses);
ex-
e nal
measu emen s
aken
by
senio
au ho ,
c anial
measu emen s
om
Oken
(1826,
p.
253):
Leng h
o
o ea m,
62.5
(63);
leng h
o
adius,
60.0
(61.0);
ibia,
23.0
(22.0);
cal-
caneum,
26.5
(21.0);
hind
oo ,
10.5
(10.5).
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
17.2+
(17.8);
zygo-
FIG.
12.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Diclidu us
albus.
XI
a4.
217
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
13.
Do sal
iew
o
in e emo al
memb ane
o
Diclidu us
albus,
showing
ail
e mina ing
in
a
glandula
sac
on
uppe
side.
ma ic
b ead h,
12.1
(-);
in e o bi al
con-
s ic ion,
5.8
(-);
b ead h
o
os um,
8.8
(7.6?);
wid h
ac oss
uppe
mola s,
8.85
(-);
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
8.1
(8.0);
leng h
o
mandible,
14.3
(14.0).
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Ca a-
pichaima
Village,
Ca oni,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
The
G ea e
Whi e
Ba
appea s
o
be
soli a y
and
oos s
be ween
he
lea es
o
all
coconu -palm
ees.
FoOD:
As
a e
he
o he
membe s
o
he
amily
Emballonu idae,
Diclidu us
is
an
insec -ea ing
ba .
DISEASE:
The
one
T inidad
specimen
was
caugh
a
11
A.M.
on
May
10,
1932,
es ing
on
he
shoulde s
o
a
cow.
Labo a o y
es s
by
Pawan
(1936a,
p.
106)
p o ed
i
o
be
abies-
posi i e.
REMARKS:
The
G ea e
Whi e
Ba
inhabi -
ing
he
island
o
T inidad
appea s
o
be
e e able
o
he
o m
albus.
I
compa es
FIG.
14.
Do sal
iew
o
os um
o
Diclidu us
albus,
showing
sho ,
ounded,
pos o bi al
p ocesses.
closely
in
de ail
wi h
he
ype;
un o una ely
he
skull
o
he
la e
canno
be
ound
a
he
p esen
ime
and
has
appa en ly
been
de-
s oyed.
Go e nmen
ba
collec o s
ha e
occasion-
ally
seen
he
"Jumbie
Ba ,"
as
any
whi e
ba
is
called
in
T inidad,
be ween
he
lea es
o
high,
coconu -palm
ees.
They
may
ha e
seen
he
Lesse
Whi e
Ba
(Diclidu us
scu-
a us
Pe e s),
a
much
smalle
species
han
albus
which
may
e en ually
be
ound
in
T in-
idad.
Pe e s'
ype
was
a
skin,
wi hou
skull
and
wi hou
an
exac
locali y,
in
he
Museum
Na ional
d'His oi e
Na u elle
in
Pa is.
The
measu emen s
o
an
adul
emale
om
B i ish
Guiana
and
o
he
ype
(in
pa en heses)
a e
as
ollows:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
52.2
(51);
ibia,
19.8
(19.5);
hind
oo ,
8.5
(8.8);
calcaneum,
15.3
(16.6).
Skull
(pl.
9,
igs.
4-6):
G ea es
leng h,
16.3;
zygoma ic
wid h,
10.4;
in e -
o bi al
cons ic ion,
4.7;
b ead h
o
b ain-
case,
8.4;
b ead h
o
os um,
7.1;
leng h
o
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
6.4.
FAMILY
NOCTILIONIDAE
GRAY
BULLDOG
BATS
Tex
igu es
15,
16
Ba s
in
his
amily
a e
om
medium
o
mode a ely
la ge
in
size,
wi h
na ow,
sha p-
poin ed
ea s;
sho ,
close
pelage;
e y
sho
ail,
p o uding
om
uppe
side
o
in e -
emo al
memb ane;
hind
limbs
ex emely
long;
ee
la ge,
wi h
an
eno mously
elon-
218
VOL
1
22
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
ga ed
calca
( ig.
15)
and
a med
wi h
s ong
claws;
muzzle
simple,
wi hou
lea -like
ou -
g ow hs;
lips
ull,
o ming
dis inc
cheek
pouches;
second
phalanx
o
hi d
inge
h ee- ou hs
o
leng h
o
me aca pal;
p e-
maxilla ies
used
oge he
an e io ly
and
o
maxilla ies
pos e io ly;
pos o bi al
p ocesses
unde eloped.
GENUS
NOCTILIO
LINNAEUS
GREATER
BULLDOG
BATS
Noc ilio
LINNAEUS,
1766,
Sys ema
na u ae,
ed.
12,
ol.
1,
p.
88.
Type,
Noc ilio
ame icanus
Lin-
naeus
(=
Vespe ilio
lepo inus
Linnaeus).
The
la ge
size
and
he
ac
ha
he
o ea m
is
longe
han
70
mm.
sepa a e
Noc ilio
om
he
smalle
genus
Di ias.
RANGE:
F om
Gue e o
and
Tabasco,
Mexico,
and
Cuba,
Pue o
Rico
and
he
Vi gin
Islands
in
he
Wes
Indies,
sou h
o
Minas
Ge ais,
B azil,
and
no he n
A gen-
ina.
One
species
has
been
eco ded
om
T inidad
and
Tobago.
Noc ilio
lepo inus
lepo inus
(Linnaeus)
SURINAM
BULLDOG
BAT
OR
FISH-EATING
BAT
Pla e
10,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
15
and
16
Vespe ilio
lepo inus
LINNAEUS,
1758,
Sys-
ema
na u ae,
ed.
10,
p.
32.
Noc ilio
lepo inus,
D'ORBIGNY
AND
GERVAIS,
1847,
Voyage
dans
1'Am& ique
Me idionale,
ol.
4,
p .
2,
Mammi e es,
p.
12.
Noc ilio
lepo inus
lepo inus,
HERSHKOVITZ,
1949,
P oc.
U.
S.
Na l.
Mus.,
ol.
99,
no.
3246,
p.
433.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
"Ame ica,"
es ic ed
o
Su inam
by
Thomas
(191
1,
p.
131).
RANGE:
T inidad;
widely
dis ibu ed
and
common.
Tobago;
one
seen
by
a
eliable
collec o .
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
la ge
muscula
ba ,
b ownish
in
colo ,
and
usually
wi h
a
FIG.
15.
Do sal
iew
o
oo
o
Noc ilio
lepo inus
lepo inus
showing
ex emely
long
calca .
whi ish
line
down
middle
o
back;
ail
sho ,
pe o a ing
in e emo al
memb ane
and
ap-
pea ing
on
uppe
side;
wings
a ached
high.
DESCRIPTION:
Colo
o
uppe
pa s
anging
om
P ou 's
B own
o
Och aceous-Tawny;
unde
pa s
om
Och aceous-Bu
o
Zinc
O ange.
Skull
la ge,
b oad,
and
massi e;
sagi al
c es
well
de eloped
in
he
adul ,
canine
ee h
la ge
and
s ong;
inne
uppe
inciso s
much
la ge
han
ou e ;
lowe
in-
ciso s
small,
closely
c owded
be ween
ca-
nines,
cu ing
edge
bilobed.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
2-2;
canines,
_11;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
3
3=
28.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Adul
male
and
emale
om
Monos
Island
and
adul
male
om
No h
Manzanilla:
Leng h
o
o e-
a m,
88, 85,
85.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
27.0,
26.9,
28.5;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
18.7,
19.5,
20.0;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
7.0,
-,
6.7;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
10.5,
10.7,
10.8.
Weigh s:
Nine een
males,
39.3-81.3;
59
e-
males,
31.4-65.3;
one
g a id
emale,
69.4.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Monos
Island,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
No h
Manzanilla,
six
(A.M.N.H.);
Ma y's
Bay,
Gaspa ee
Is-
land,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Po -o -Spain,
one
(A.M.N.H.),
ou
(L.S.U.);
no
exac
locali y,
18
(U.S.N.M.).
Tobago:
A
single
specimen
o
Noc ilio
was
epo ed
by
a
eliable
obse e
in
Robinson
C usoe's
Ca e
on
Sep embe ,
1956,
bu
i
was
no
collec ed.
GENERAL
HABITS:
The
Su inam
Bulldog
Ba
oos s
in
colonies
numbe ing
up
o
abou
75
indi iduals.
The
la ges
numbe s
we e
aken
om
hollow
ees,
such
as
he
silk-
co on
(Ceiba
pen and a),
ed
mang o e
(Rhizopho a
mangle),
immo elle
(E y h ina
mic op e yx),
and
bala a o
bulle -wood
ee
(Manilka a
biden a a).
Fewe
numbe s
ha e
been
aken
om
da k
land
and
sea
ca es,
and
occasionally
specimens
ha e
been
ound
in-
side
buildings,
owe s,
and
gables.
One
was
ound
unde
a
eigh
ca
no
a
om
he
ish
ma ke
in
Po -o -Spain.
On
Oc obe
6,
1957,
a
colony
o
75
was
ound
in
a
silk-co on
(Ceiba
pen and a)
abou
a
hund ed
ee
in
heigh .
The
oos
ex ended
up
inside
he
hollow
unk
o
abou
30
ee ,
wi h
he
ba s
occupying
he
opmos
15
ee .
The
in e io
o
he
ee
was
da k,
humid,
and
smelled
s ongly
o
old
ish.
A
musky
smell
was
mo e
no iceable
on
he
males
han
on
he
emales
1961
219
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
/7
S
FIG.
16.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Noc ilio
lepo inus
lepo inus.
X
1,.
and
seemed
o
issue
om
he
pocke -like
glands
su ounding
he
es icles.
On
many
o
he
specimens
beads
o
mois u e s ood
ou
on
op
o
he
wing
memb anes.
The
ex emely
sho
pelage
o
he
specimens
in
his
oos
anged
in
colo
om
golden
o ange
o
oli e
in
bo h
sexes.
Ve y
ew
had
he
dis inc i e
whi e
line
down
he
back.
Noc ilio
has
a
powe ul,
s i -winged,
bu
no
pa icula ly
swi
ligh .
I
is
an
ea ly
lie
and
has
been
seen
ishing
in
sal
wa e
o
he
Gul
o
Pa ia
du ing
la e
a e noon
sunshine
in
company
wi h
pelicans,
al hough
i
is
mos
commonly
seen
lying
a
dusk.
In
sea
ca es
Noc ilio
lepo inus
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Mo moops
megalophylla,
Glossophaga
so icina,
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a,
and
Desmodus
o undus;
in
buildings,
wi h
A ibeus
jamaicensis
and
Phyllos omus
dis-
colo .
No
o he
species
was
ound
oos ing
wi h
he
la ge
colonies
in
hollow
ees
excep
Desmodus
o undus.
On
one
occasion
an
indi-
idual
o
Noc ilio
was
seen
o
dip
i s
hind
ee
in
he
wa e ,
bu
no
he
in e emo al
mem-
b ane,
and
keep
hem
subme ged
o
abou
a
4- oo
un.
A
dis inc
swishing
sound
could
be
hea d
as
he
ee
we e
d agged
h ough
he
wa e ;
no
ish
we e
seen
caugh .
One
ba
collided
wi h
a
la
s one
skimmed
o e
he
wa e ,
bu
i
swam
s ongly
wi h
i s
olded
wings
and
was
able
o
launch
i sel
back
in o
he
ai .
A
la ge
ish
abou
3
ee
long
was
seen
o
leap
ou
o
he
wa e
as
a
Noc ilio
lew
o e
he
su ace,
and
i
was
appa en ly
ying
o
ca ch
he
ba .
Ca acciolo
(1895,
pp.
164-170)
desc ibed
he
ish-ea ing
habi s
o
his
ba
in
T inidad.
BREEDING:
One
b eeding
male
and
one
non-
b eeding
male
we e
ound
on
Augus
8,
1958,
wi h
15
emales.
Twel e
g a id
emales
we e
ound
on
Feb ua y
4,
1958,
in
he
same
oos
wi h
eigh
non-g a id
emales,
bu
no
males
we e
p esen .
Lac a ing
emales
we e
ound
wi h
a
ew
males
on
Feb ua y
28
and
Ma ch
13,
1957.
Six y-se en
specimens
aken
ali e
on
Oc obe
6,
1957,
comp ised
24
males
and
43
emales;
13
o
he
males
we e
in
a
b eeding
s a e,
wi h
enla ged
es icles.
Wehekind
(1956,
p.
19)
epo s
a
cap i e
emale
ha
ga e
bi h
o
a
young
while
hanging
in
a
no -
mal
posi ion
in
Decembe ,
1934.
FOOD:
All
he
specimens
o
Noc ilio
in
T inidad
ha
we e
examined
appea ed
o
ha e
ed
on
small
ish,
p obably
ancho ies
(Eng aulidae).
This
ba
skims
he
su ace
o
he
wa e
and
ca ches
small
ish
wi h
he
long
claws
on
he
hind
ee .
The
ish
a e
ei he
ea en
in
ligh
( he
chewing
sound
is
o en
qui e
audible)
o
ca ied
in
he
la ge
cheek
pouches
back
o
he
oos
and
ea en
a
leisu e.
Roos s
o
ish-ea ing
Noc ilio
ba s
can
be
ec-
ognized
by
he
powe ul
ishy
odo
ha
pe ades
he
oos ,
and
occasionally
he
en-
ance
o
a
ee
oos
is
plas e ed
wi h
old
ish
scales,
p oducing
a
sil e y
gli e
ex end-
ing
down
he
ee
unk
o
se e al
ee .
No
all
he
ba s
o
his
species
a e
exclusi ely
ish
ea e s.
The
s omach
con en s
o
se en
speci-
mens
aken
a
Bo any
Bay,
S .
Thomas,
Vi gin
Islands,
in
1926
con ained
many
agmen s
o
sca abaeid
bee les
( wo
o
h ee
species,
including
a
Phyllophaga),
an
ela e id
(Py opho us),
a
ce ambycid
(Lagochi us
a a-
nei o mis),
a
ew
agmen s
o
a
mole
c icke
(G yllo alpa),
emains
o
many
winged
an s
(Solenopsis,
wo
o ms);
a
s ink
bug
(Thy-
an a),
and
a
cock oach
(Bla idae).
The e
was
no
a
ace
o
ish
in
any
o
hese
specimens,
and
none
o
hem
had
an
objec ionable
odo .
They
we e
seen
a
dusk
swooping
down
and
skimming
o e
he
su ace
o
a
esh-wa e
pool
o
d ink.
As
hey
lew
by,
hey
made
a
chewing
noise
ha
sounded
like
he
c unch-
ing
o
he
ho ny
pa s
o
bee les
(Goodwin,
1928,
p.
111).
PARASITES:
Jobling
(1949,
p.
322)
epo s
he
ollowing
species
o
he
S eblidae
(ba
lies)
om
T inidad
Noc ilio:
Aspidop e a
VOL.
122
220
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
221
megas igma
and
Pa adyschi ia
dubia.
The
T inidad
Regional
Vi us
Labo a o y
(1958,
pp.
89, 97,
99)
lis s
he
ollowing
pa asi es
om
T inidad
Noc ilio
lepo inus:
O ni-
hodo os
dunni
o
he
Ixodidae
( icks);
Teino-
cop es
sp.
o
he
Sa cop idae
(mi es);
La o-
cimex
sp.
o
he
Cimicidae
(bedbugs).
T ema odes
o
uniden i ied
species
a e
e y
common
in
his
ba .
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
His oplasma
capsula um
has
been
isola ed
om
ee
oos s.
SUPERFAMILY
PHYLLOSTOMOIDEA
WEBER
LEAF-NOSED,
LEAF-CHINNED,
AND
VAMPIRE
BATS
Ame ican
ba s
wi h
h ee
bony
phalanges
on
hi d
inge ,
dis al
phalanx
long,
well
ossi-
ied,
and
usually
om
one-hal
o
h ee-
qua e s
o
leng h
o
second
phalanx;
pos -
o bi al
p ocesses
no
p esen ;
p emaxilla ies
joined
an e io ly
and
o
maxilla ies.
Webe
(1928,
p.
153)
named
his
supe -
amily
Phyllos oma oidae.
Simpson
(1945,
p.
57),
in
ollowing
Webe ,
ailed
o
ake
in o
conside a ion
he
p esen
In e na ional
Rules
o
Zoological
Nomencla u e
which
make
he
inclusion
o
"a "
in
he
ending
he e
unwa -
an ed.
FAMILY
PHYLLOSTOMIDAE
WATERHOUSE
LEAF-NOSED
BATS
Tex
igu es
17,
19
Small
o
e y
la ge-sized
Ame ican
ba s
wi h
a
p ominen
nose
lea ,
naked
cu aneous
olds
o
skin,
which
ise
o e
ip
o
nos ils,
o
wi h
naked,
pla e-like
ou g ow hs
on
lowe
lip.
Ea s
om
mode a ely
o
well
de eloped
in
size;
h ee
bony
phalanges
in
hi d
inge
( ig.
17);
ail
well
de eloped
in
some
gene a,
absen
in
o he s;
skull
wi hou
pos o bi al
p ocesses;
p emaxilla ies
comple e,
used
wi h
each
o he
and
wi h
maxilla ies.
Membe s
o
he
amily
p esen
such
ma ked
di e ences
in
s uc u e,
p incipally
in
he
cha ac e s
o
he
ee h,
ha
hey
ha e
been
di ided
in o
se e al
sub amilies.
KEY
TO
THE
SUBFAMILIES
OF
THE
PHYLLOSTOMIDAE
OF
TRINIDAD
AND
TOBAGO
1.
Nose
lea
usually
well
de eloped,
pla e-like
ou g ow hs
on
lowe
lip
absen
.
.
.
.
.
2
Nose
lea
absen ,
pla e-like
ou g ow hs
on
lowe
FIG.
17.
Do sal
iew
o
hi d
inge
o
Mic onyc-
e is
syl es is,
showing
h ee
phalanges.
lip
p esen
....
.
.
.
Chilonyc e inae
2.
Muzzle
sho
and
b oad
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
3
Muzzle
long
and
na ow
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
4
3.
Whi e
acial
s ipes
o
median
do sal
line
usu-
ally
p esen
(Cen u io
and
Ame ida
ex-
cep ed);
ee
no
hai y
(Ame ida
excep ed);
c owns
o
mola s
wi h
cusps
ising
om
a
b oad,
la ened,
c ushing
su ace
..
..
.
.
.
...
.
...
S enode minae
Whi e
acial
s ipes
and
median
do sal
line
ab-
sen ;
ee
hea ily
hai ed;
c owns
o
mola s
wi h
dis inc
longi udinal
g oo e
on
b oad
c ushing
su ace,
cusps
ising
om
ma gins
..............
.
.
..
..
.
..
.
.
...
S u ni inae
4.
Ea s
all
a
sho
o
ip
o
nose
when
laid
o -
wa d;
ongue
excessi ely
long,
wi h
b is le-
like
papillae
owa ds
ip
.
.
Glossophaginae
Ea s
eaching
nea
o
o
beyond
ip
o
nose
when
laid
o wa d;
ongue
no mal,
wi hou
b is le-like
papillae
owa ds
ip
.
.
.
.
5
5.
Naked
pad
on
chin
V-
o
Y-shaped,
wi h
o
wi hou
bo de
o
small
papillae.
..
..
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Phyllos ominae
Naked
pad
on
chin
wi h
la ge,
0-shaped,
cen-
al
wa ,
bo de ed
by
small
ounded
papillae
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
Ca ollinae
SUBFAMILY
CHILONYCTERINAE
FLOWER
AND
LYDEKKER
LEAF-CHINNED
BATS
Small
o
medium-sized
ba s
wi h
naked,
pla e-like
ou g ow hs
on
lowe
lip
and
no
nose
lea .
KEY
TO
THE
GENERA,
SPECIES,
AND
SUBSPECIES
OF
THE
CHILONYCTERINAE
OF
TRINIDAD
AND
TOBAGO
1.
Wings
a ached
along
middle
o
back
p esen -
ing
a
naked-backed
appea ance
(leng h
o
1961

BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
o ea m,
46.5-48.5)
.
P e ono us
da yi da yi
Wings
a ached
along
sides
o
body
.
..
.
2
2.
Ea s
sepa a e,
no
connec ed
by
a
band
ac oss
o ehead;
a
u
o
s i
hai s
p ojec ing
om
each
cheek..
.....
3
Ea s
connec ed
by
a
low
band
ac oss
o ehead;
u
o
hai s
p ojec ing
om
cheeks
absen
(leng h
o
o ea m,
54.5-59.0)
.
.....
.
.
.
.
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
3.
Leng h
o
o ea m,
60.0-62.0
.......
.
.
.
.
.
.
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
Leng h
o
o ea m,
44.0-46.0
........
Chilonyc e is
pe sona a
pe sona a
GENUS
CHILONYCTERIS
GRAY
MUSTACHE
BATS
Chilonyc e is
GRAY,
1839,
Ann.
Mag.
His .,
ol.
4,
p.
4.
Type,
Chilonyc e is
macleayii
G ay.
Slende
ba s
wi h
ex ensi e
lying
mem-
b ane;
muzzle
wi h
a
u
o
s i
hai s
p o-
jec ing
om
each
cheek
( ig.
19);
ea s
sepa-
a e,
poin ed
a
ip.
WAX
RANGE:
F om
Sono a
and
Tamaulipas,
Mexico,
and
Cuba,
Hispaniola,
and
Pue o
Rico
in
he
Wes
Indies,
sou h
o
Ma o
G osso,
B azil.
Two
species
a e
eco ded
om
T inidad.
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca
J.
A.
Allen
DUSKY
OR
GREATER
MUSTACHE
BAT
Pla e
10,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu es
18,
19
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa usca
J.
A.
ALLEN,
1911,
Bull.
Ame .
Mus.
Na .
His .,
ol.
30,
p.
262.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Las
Quiguas,
5
miles
sou h
o
Pue o
Cabello,
no he n
Vene-
zuela;
al i ude
650
ee .
RANGE:
T inidad;
common
in
he
No h-
e n
and
Cen al
anges.
FIG.
18.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca.
X
1
.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
Mode a ely
la ge,
slende
ba ;
no
nose
lea ;
well-de eloped
ail
p ojec ing
h ough
and
appea ing
on
uppe
su ace
o
b oad
in e emo al
memb ane;
lowe
lip
wi h
p ominen ,
pla e-like
ou -
g ow hs
co e ed
wi h
nume ous
ounded
papillae
( ig.
19).
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
a ying
om da k
b own
o
Wa m
Sepia;
unde
pa s
pale
han
back.
Skull:
b aincase
subglobose,
na owly
cons ic ed
in
in e -
o bi al
egion;
os um
dep essed
abo e
nea
base;
nasal
opening
subci cula ;
inne
uppe
inciso s
wice
as
la ge
as
ou e ,
he
cu ing
edges
wi h
a
dis inc
no ch;
inne
lowe
in-
ciso s
i id;
ou e
lowe
inciso s
bi id,
he
ou
ee h
o ming
a
con inuous
ow
be ween
canines.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
2-2
;
canines,
_1;
p emola s,
3-3;
mola s,
333=
34.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Twel e
specimens
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
60.5-63.0.
Skull:
Adul
male
and
emale:
g ea es
leng h,
22.0,
22.2;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
12.5,
12.4;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
4.5,
4.3;
leng h
o
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
9.5,
9.5.
Weigh s:
Ele en
males,
13.8-22.4;
10
emales,
13.4-20.2.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Gua-
cha o
Ca e,
ou
(M.C.Z.);
Heigh s
o
Guanapo,
10
(A.M.N.H.);
Po -o -Spain,
wo
(U.S.N.M.);
Tamana
Hill,
wo
(A.M.N.H.)
;
no
exac
locali y,
h ee
(L.S.U.);
Las
Cue as,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
The
G ea e
Mus ache
Ba
is
common
in
he
la ge
ca es
o
he
No he n
and
he
Cen al
anges
bu
is
seldom
ound
in
he
smalle
ca es
o
no he n
T inidad.
I
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
asso-
cia ion
wi h
P e ono us
da yi,
Mo moops
megalophylla,
Phyllos omus
has a us,
Anou a
geo oyi,
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a,
Na alus
u-
midi os is,
Desmodus
o undus,
and
Lon-
cho hina
au i a.
Those
ba s
o
his
species
ha
a e
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Desmodus
un
along
he
ca e
walls
and
e-
ea
in o
c e ices
and
may
be
mis aken
o
Desmodus.
In
he
M .
Tamana
Ca es,
whe e
Desmodus
has
ne e
been
eco ded,
Chi-
lonyc e is
is
easily
dis u bed
and
will
lea e
he
ca es
o
ly
abou
in
he
o es .
The
ligh
is
s aigh
and
apid.
BREEDING:
Bo h
sexes
a e
usually
ound
222
VO
L.
12
2
223
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
FIG.
19.
F on
iew
o
muzzle
o
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
usca,
showing
wa y
pla e
on
lowe
lip
and
elonga ed
u s
o
hai
on
sides
o
muz-
zle.
XlI .
oos ing
oge he ,
and
emales
wi h
young
in
May.
FoOD:
Insec s.
PARASITES:
Jobling
(1949,
p.
322)
epo s
he
ollowing
species
o
he
S eblidae
(ba
lies)
om
T inidad
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa:
T ichobius
caecus,
T.
pa asi icus,
T.
dugesii,
Speise ia
ambigua,
Nyc e ophilia
coxa a,
and
Euc enodes
mi abilis.
The
T inidad
Regional
Vi us
Labo a o y
(1958,
p.
99)
lis s
he
ol-
lowing
pa asi e
om
T inidad
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa:
O ni hodo os
igue asi
o
he
Ixodidae
( icks).
B ennan
and
Jones
(1960,
p.
538)
epo
he
ollowing
species
o
he
T ombiculidae
(chigge s)
om
T inidad
Chi-
lonyc e is
ubiginosa:
Beame ella
acu ascu a,
Euschdngas ia
anops,
and
T ombicula
ib-
be si.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
On
Augus
11,
1959,
a
emale
made
an
unp o oked
a ack
by
bi ing
a
boy
in
he
ankle
a
Gaspa ee
Island,
bu
no
disease
was
isola ed
om
his
ba .
REMARKS:
Koopman
(1955,
p.
112)
s a ed
ha
Chilonyc e is
pa nellii
G ay,
1843,
and
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa
Wagne ,
1843,
we e
conspeci ic
and
claimed
ha
pa nellii
an e-
da ed
ubignosa
by
a
ew
mon hs.
De
la
To e
(1955,
p.
696)
showed
ha
such
was
no
he
case,
he e
being
no
way
o
de e mining
which
name
was
published
i s ,
and
ecommended
ha
he
be e -known
and
mo e
widely
used
name
ubinosa
should
be
e ained.
Koopman
(1959,
p.
4)
claimed
ha
pa nellii
mus
s and,
because
i
was
he
i s
name
published
o
include
bo h
species
on
he
g ounds
ha
named
o ms
o
he
big
Chilonyc e is
om
he
mainland
and
he
Wes
Indian
islands
could
be
a anged
in
a
g aded
se ies
acco ding
o
size.
This
is
no
qui e
ue.
Fo ms
o
he
Wes
Indian
pa nelli
g oup
can
always
be
sepa-
a ed
om
he
mainland
ubiginosa
o ms
on
posi i e
c anial
cha ac e s
ega dless
o
size.
Because
cha ac e is ic
di e ences
do
exis
be ween
he
wo
species
and
o
o he
easons,
he
name
ubiginosa
is
e ained
he e
as
he
speci ic
s a us
o
he
la ge
Chilonyc e is
ound
on
he
island
o
T inidad.
Chilonyc e is
pe sona a pe sona a
Wagne
LESSER
MUSTACHE
BAT
Pla e
11,
igu es
1-3
Chilonyc e is
pe sona a
WAGNER,
1843,
A ch.
Na u gesch.,
y .
9,
ol.
1,
p.
367.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Ma o
G osso,
B azil,
p obably
S .
Vincen ,
acco ding
o
Goodwin
(1946,
p.
297).
RANGE:
T inidad;
eco ded
om
he
no h.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
small,
slende
ba
simila
in
gene al
cha ac e s
o
Chilonyc-
e is
ubiginosa
bu
much
smalle ;
ail
well
de eloped
and
appea ing
on
uppe
side
o
in e emo al
memb ane.
DESCRIPTION:
Colo
o
uppe
pa s
a y-
ing
om
Mummy
B own
o
Och aceous-
Tawny;
unde
pa s
pale
han
back,
Ligh
Bu
in
some
specimens.
Skull
much
smalle
and
mo e
delica e
han
ha
o
C.
ubiginosa,
bo h
lowe
inciso s
i id.
MEASUREMENTS:
Two
emales
om
T ini-
dad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
45.7,
44.0.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
15.0, 14.5;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
8.4,
7.9;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
3.5,
3.3;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
6.1, 5.7.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Po -o -
Spain,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
S .
Augus ine,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Li le
is
known
abou
he
habi s
o
his
ba
on
T inidad.
One
was
caugh
in
a
Po -o -Spain
building,
ano he
was
hi
by
a
axi,
and
he
hi d
one
was
ound
dead
in
a
d ain.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
REMARKS:
Chilonyc e is
pe sona a
Wagne
and
Chilonyc e is
psilo is
Dobson
ha e
been
conside ed
as
conspeci ic
by
some
au ho s.
Mexican
specimens
a e,
howe e ,
la ge
and
de ini ely
sepa able
om
he
ma e ial
now
a ailable
om
T inidad,
hough
he
di e -
ence
is
no
mo e
han
o
a
subspeci ic
na u e.
The
Mexican
o m
should,
he e o e,
be
known
as
Chilonyc e is
pe sona a
psilo is
Dobson.
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
GENUS
PTERONOTUS
GRAY
NAKED-BACKED
BATS
P e ono us
GRAY,
1838,
Mag.
Zool.
Bo .,
ol.
2,
p.
500.
Type,
P e ono us
da yi
G ay.
Slende ,
sho - ailed
ba s
wi h
uppe
pa s
o
body
appea ing
o
be
naked
behind
he
shoulde s.
RANGE:
F om
Tamaulipas
and
Sinaloa,
Mexico,
and
he
island
o
Dominica,
Lesse
An illes,
sou h
o
Ma o
G osso,
B azil.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T inidad.
P e ono us
da yi
da yi
G ay
TRINIDADIAN
OR
LESSER
NAKED-BACKED
BAT
Pla e
12,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
20,
21
P e ono us
da yi
GRAY,
1838,
Mag.
Zool.
Bo .,
ol.
2,
P.
500.
P e ono us
da yi
da yi,
MILLER,
1912,
Bull.
U.
S.
Na l.
Mus.,
ol.
79,
p.
33.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Island
o
T inidad,
Wes
Indies.
RANGE:
T inidad;
eco ded
om
no h
and
sou h
T inidad.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
In
gene al
much
like
Chilonyc e is,
bu
wings
a ached
along
middle
o
back
ins ead
o
along
sides
o
body,
p oducing
a
ba ebacked
appea ance
( ig.
21);
u
o
uppe
su ace
o
body
concealed
by
wings;
ail
well
de eloped,
pe o a ing
and
appea ing
on
uppe
side
o
in e emo al
mem-
b ane.
DESCRIPTION:
Colo
o
uppe
pa s
a y-
ing
om
Vandyke
B own
o
Tawny;
colo
o
unde
pa s
anging
om
Ec u-D ab
o
Och aceous.
One
T inidad
specimen
aken
a
Sipa ia
is
awny,
while
all
he
es
a e
Ec u-
D ab.
Skull
simila
o
ha
o
Chilonyc e is
pe sona a
bu
la ge .
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
22-2;
canines,
_1-;
p emola s,
3-3;
mola s,
3_3
=
34.
FIG.
20.
F on
iew
o
head
o
P e ono us
da yi
da yi.
X
14.
FIG.
21.
Do sal
iew
o
P e ono us
da yi
da yi,
showing
a achmen
o
wings
along
middle
o
back.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Six
speci-
mens
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
46.8-48.4.
Skull:
Two
males
and
wo
emales:
g ea es
leng h,
15.6,
15.7,
15.5,
15.9;
zygo-
ma ic
b ead h,
9.0,
9.0,
9.0,
8.8;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
3.7,
4.0, 4.0,
3.7;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
6.8,
6.8, 6.8,
6.7.
Weigh s:
one
emale
om
Sipa ia,
T inidad,
10.0.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Ca en-
age,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Ma acas
Valley,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Heigh s
o
A ipo,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Po -o -Spain,
wo
(A.M.N.H.),
wo
(M.C.Z.);
Sipa ia,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
P e ono us
da yi
usu-
ally
oos s
in
la ge,
da k,
damp
ca es
whe e
he
ai
is
wa m
and
humid.
I
has
been
col-
lec ed
in
p i a e
homes,
a
police
s a ion,
and
in
a
owl
pen.
The
Naked-backed
Ba
is
swi
in
ligh .
I
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa,
Mo moops
megalophylla,
Phyllos omus
has-
a us,
Anou a
geo oyi,
Ca ollia
pe spicil-
la a,
and
Na alus
umidi os is.
FoOD:
P e ono us
is
an
insec -ea ing
ba .
PARASITES:
The
T inidad
Regional
Vi us
Labo a o y
(1958,
p.
99)
lis s
he
ollowing
pa asi e
om
T inidad
P e ono us
da yi:
O ni hodo os
igue asi
o
he
Ixodidae
( icks).
DISEASE:
One
specimen
o
unde e mined
sex
ound
dead
on
a
Po -o -Spain
s ee ,
Sep embe
29,
1955,
p o ed
o
be
abies-
posi i e.
224
VO
L.
12
2
225
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
GENUS
MORMOOPS
LEACH
LEAF-CHINNED
BATS
Mo moops
LEACH,
1921,
T ans.
Linnean
Soc.
London,
ol.
13,
p .
1,
p.
76.
Type,
Mo moops
blain illii
Leach.
Slende ,
la ge-winged
ba s,
in
gene al
simila
o
Chilonyc e is,
bu
skull
g ea ly
o esho ened
and
de mal
ou g ow hs
on
chin
highly
specialized.
RANGE:
F om
sou he n
Texas
and
sou he n
A izona
in
he
Uni ed
S a es,
o
Cuba,
Hispaniola,
Pue o
Rico,
and
sou h
o
T ini-
dad
and
San ande ,
Colombia.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T inidad.
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps
Mille
TRINIDADIAN
LEAF-CHINNED
BAT
Pla e
11,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu es
22,
23
Mo moops
umidiceps
MILLER,
1902,
P oc.
Acad.
Na .
Sci.
Philadelphia,
ol.
54,
p.
403.
Mo moops
megallophyllum,
VESEY-FITZGERALD,
1936,
T op.
Ag .
Jou .
Imp.
College
T op.
Ag .,
T inidad,
ol.
13,
no.
6,
p.
161.
Mo moops
megalophylla
megalophylla,
GREEN-
HALL,
1956,
Jou .
T inidad
Field
Na .
Club,
p.
17.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Poin
Gou de
Ca es,
T inidad,
Wes
Indies.
RANGE:
T inidad;
no
uncommon
in
he
No he n
and
Cen al
anges.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
mode a ely
la ge,
slende
ba ,
wi h
a
well-de eloped
ail,
pe o a ing
and
appea ing
on
uppe
side
o
a
wide
in e emo al
memb ane;
ea s
la ge
and
ounded,
wi h
a
low
connec ing
band
ac oss
o ehead
( ig.
23);
de mal
ou g ow hs
on
chin
highly
de eloped,
con inuous
behind
angle
o
mou h
wi h
ou e
ma gin
o
ea s;
a
small
a ea
on
c own
o
head
is
o en
de oid
o
hai .
DESCRIPTION:
Colo
o
an
adul
male
om
Po -o -Spain:
uppe
pa s
Ma s
B own,
a
u o
long
s i
hai s
on
shoulde s;
back
o
FIG.
22.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Mo moops
megal-
ophylla
umidiceps.
X
13.
FIG.
23.
F on
iew
o
connec ing
band
be ween
ea s
o
Mo moops
megalophylla
umidiceps.
head
Cinnamon-B own,
owing
o
a
glandula
condi ion;
unde
pa s
be ween
Tawny
and
Russe .
A
second
specimen
om
his
locali y
is
uni o m
Mummy
B own
abo e
and
below.
Skull
g ea ly
o esho ened,
os um
and
b aincase
b oade
han
long;
c own
o
head
so
g ea ly
ele a ed
abo e
os um
ha
he
o a-
men
magnum
is
abo e
le el
o
os um.
Tee h
essen ially
as
in
Chilonyc e is,
middle
uppe
inciso s
b oad,
cu ing
edges
bilobed,
ou e
pai
small;
lowe
inciso s
iloba e
and
in
a
con inuous
ow
be ween
canines.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
22;
canines,
1_;
p emola s,
3I3;
mola s,
33
-34.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Twel e
males
and
emales
om
M .
Tamana
Ca es
and
wo
males
om
Po -o -Spain:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
54.5-58.0,
59.0,
53.7.
Skull:
Two
males
and
one
emale
om
Tamana
Ca es
and
one
male om
Po -o -Spain:
g ea es
leng h,
15.0,
15.2,
15.5,
15.5;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
9.5,
9.7,
9.8,
9.7;
in e o bi al
con-
s ic ion,
5.5,
5.5,
5.7,
5.6;
b ead h
o
b ain-
case,
9.3,
9.3,
9.6,
9.6;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
8.0,
8.1,
8.2,
8.3.
Weigh s:
Fi een
males,
12.4-19.9;
one
emale,
14.3.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
M .
Ta-
mana
Ca es,
12
(A.M.N.H.);
Poin
Gou de
Ca e,
one
(U.S.N.M.);
Po -o -Spain,
wo
(A.M.N.H.),
one
(M.C.Z.);
S .
Joseph,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Tunapuna,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
no
exac
locali y,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Las
Cue as,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Mo moops
is
ound
in
he
la ge
ca es
a
M .
Tamana,
Cau a,
and
Poin
Gou de.
I
oos s
in
he
da k
and
deep
ecesses
o
he
ca es
whe e
he
ai
is
wa m
and
humid.
I
is
easily
dis u bed
and
is
e y
as
on
he
wing.
Colonies
o
up
o
20
indi-
iduals
a e
no
unusual.
In
he
M .
Tamana
Ca es
i
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
associa-
ion
wi h
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa,
P e ono is
da yi,
Phyllos omus
has a us,
Anou a
geo -
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Culcu a,
Colombia.
RANGE:
T inidad;
widely
dis ibu ed
bu
no
common.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
Size
medium
o
he
genus;
calca
less
han
hal
o
he
leng h
o
he
oo
wi h
claws;
nose
lea
wi h
a
na -
ow
poin ed
ip;
ea s
sepa a e,
medium
in
size,
poin ed,
sligh ly
conca e
on
bo h
ma -
gins
below
ip;
ail
sho ,
ip
sligh ly
pe -
o a ing
uppe
side
o
in e emo al
mem-
b ane.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
a ying
om
Oli e-B own
o
Walnu
B own,
unde
pa s
pale
han
back.
Hai s
on
back
ha ing
a
da k
ip
ollowed
by
a
b oad
ligh
band
and
a
na ow
da k
base;
mos
specimens
wi h
a
ain
ligh
g ay
line
on
lowe
back.
Skull
wi h
os um
elonga ed;
PM8
and
PM3
educed
in
size,
almos
la ,
wi h
a
small
an e-
io
cusp;
PM4
ecu ed;
uppe
ou e
inciso
small
and
no
illing
he
space
be ween
canine
and
inne
inciso ;
lowe
inciso s
small,
no
c owded,
ain ly
i id.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Fi e
speci-
mens
om
T inidad
and
ype:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
37.1-39.3,
37.9.
Skull:
Male
and
e-
male
om
T inidad
and
ype
(adul
male):
g ea es
leng h,
20.3,
20.0,
20.5;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
9.2,
9.4,
9.6;
in e o bi al
cons ic-
ion,
4.3,
4.1,
4.3;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M8,
7.6,
7.3,
7.3.
Weigh s:
Th ee
males,
6.9,
8.5,
8.8;
subadul emale
om
Sipa ia,
8.0.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Al a
G acia
T ace,
Sipa ia,
i e
(A.M.N.H.);
Leaseholds,
Fyzabad,
h ee
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Small
colonies
o
up
o
12
indi iduals
o
bo h
sexes
ha e
been
ound
in
hollow
ees
on
T inidad,
oos ing
in
asso-
cia ion
wi h
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a.
The
ype
was
aken
in
a
unnel
50
me e s
om
he
en-
ance
o
he
unnel
a
Culcu a,
Colombia.
Loncho hina
au i a
and
Mic onyc e is
minu a
we e
cap u ed
in
he
same
unnel.
BREEDING:
Two
b eeding
males
we e
aken
in
T inidad
on
Oc obe
17,
1958.
FOOD:
As
do
o he
species
o
Mic onyc e is,
nice o i
eeds
on
ui
and
possibly
some
in
sec s.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
SUBGENUS
GLYPHONYCTERIS
THOMAS
DUSKY
FOREST
BATS
Glyphonyc e is,
SANBORN,
1949,
Fieldiana,
Zool.,
ol.
31,
no.
27,
p.
231.
Type,
Glyphonyc e is
syl-
es is
Thomas.
Ea s
no
joined
by
a
band
ac oss
o ehead;
ou h
me aca pal
sho es ,
i h
longes ;
no ch
on
lowe
lip
Y-shaped.
Uppe
inciso s
di ec ed
o wa d,
no
in
line
wi h
canines.
Mic onyc e is
syl es is
(Thomas)
TRICOLORED
FOREST
BAT
Pla e
15,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
17,
24,
32-34
Glyphonyc e is
syl es is
Thomas,
1896,
Ann.
Mag.
Na .
His .,
se .
6,
ol.
18,
p.
302.
Mic onyc e is
(Glyphonyc e is)
syl es is,
San-
bo n,
1949,
Fieldiana,
Zool.,
ol.
31,
p.
231.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Mi a alles,
Guanacas e,
Cos a
Rica.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
Size
medium
o
he
genus;
ea s
mode a ely
la ge,
uncon-
nec ed
ac oss
he
o ehead;
pelage
icolo ed;
calca
sho e
han
leng h
o
hind
oo
wi h
claws;
ail
sho ,
ba ely
pe o a ing
uppe
side
o
in e emo al
memb ane.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
da k
b own,
hai s
wi h
h ee
dis inc
al e -
na ing
ings
o
da k
b own
and
whi ish;
ex-
eme
base
nex
o
skin
wi h
a
sligh
indica-
ion
o
whi e,
ollowed
by
a
b oad
band
o
blackish
b own,
a
band
o
yellowish
whi e,
ips
o
he
hai s
Clo e
B own;
u
on
unde
pa s
b own
a
base,
g ayish
d ab
a
ip.
Skull
wi h
domed
b aincase
bu
no
sha ply
ele a ed
abo e
os um;
maxilla y
bones
swollen
pos e io ly.
Inne
uppe
inciso s
la ge,
chisel-shaped;
ou e
e y
small,
sca cely
eaching
cingulum
o
canines;
lowe
inciso s
i id;
PM'
and
PM4
nea ly
subequal
in
size,
wi h
an e io
cusp
on
bo h
ee h
sligh ly
ecu ed
( ig.
33).
FIG.
32.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Mic onyc e is
syl es is.
X
1.
232
VOL.
122

GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
FIG.
33.
La e al
iew
o
os um
o
Mic onyc e is
syl es is,
showing
p ojec ing
uppe
inciso
and
e-
cu ed
ip
o
PM'.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Fou
males
om
T inidad,
and
ype
in
pa en heses:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
40.0-41.8
(40.5).
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
20.2-20.6
(20.2);
condylo-
basal
leng h,
18.2-18.3
(17.1);
zygoma ic
b ead h,
10.
1-10.6
(9.9);
in e o bi al
con-
s ic ion
4.5-5.0
(4.6);
pala al
leng h,
9.5-9.7
(8.4);
g ea es
os al
wid h,
5.8-6.0
(5.5);
b ead h
o
b aincase,
8.6-9.0
(8.4);
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M8,
8.2-8.4
(7.9).
Weigh s:
11.0,
11.0,
10.1,
10.7.
Measu emen s
o
ou
males
om
Ve ac uz,
espec i ely:
40.0-41.5;
20.0-20.6;
18.3-18.5;
10.0-10.0;
4.9-5.0;
9.0-
9.6;
5.6-6.0;
8.3-8.5;
8.0-8.3.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Salaza
T ace,
Poin
Fo in,
ou
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
The
p esen
se ies
ep-
esen s
ou
o
i e
indi iduals
collec ed
in
a
hollow,
black
iddlewood
ee
(Vi ex
di a i-
ca a)
on
Sep embe
9,
1959.
I
was
es ima ed
ha
he e
we e
75
indi iduals
in
he
oos .
The
es
all
lew
o
wi h
g ea
apidi y
h ough
an
open
hole
a
he
op
o
he
ee
and
appa en ly
did
no
e u n
o
his
oos .
They
we e
ound
o
be
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Saccop e yx
bilinea a.
FoOD:
F ui
and
possibly
some
insec s.
REMARKS:
T inidad
specimens
a e
o
abou
he
same
size
and
a e
e y
simila
o
Mexican
and
Cen al
Ame ican
specimens
o
M.
syl-
es is
bu
a e age
conside ably
da ke
in
colo .
The
skulls
o
he
T inidad
specimens
a e
ela i ely
sho e ,
wi h
a
mo e
domed
and
la ge
b aincase,
han
hose
o
he
Mexican
specimens.
The
os um
is
also
sho e
and
la e
in
he
T inidad
skulls.
The
skulls
o
he
T inidad
specimens
a e
unique
in
ha
he
low
sagi al
c es
is
di ided
in o
wo
aised
idges
behind
he
o bi s
which
ex end
ac oss
he
pa ie als
in
a
sha p-angled
V
( ig.
FIG.
34.
Do sal
iew
o
skull
o
Mic onyc e is
syl es is,
showing
V-shaped
pa e n
o
sagi al
c es .
34),
a
cha ac e
well
de ined
in
all
ou
T inidad
specimens
bu
no
ound
in
he
ype
o
syl es is
o
in
any
one
o
he
ou
specimens
examined
om
Ve ac uz.
GENUS
LONCHORHINA
TOm1ES
LONG-EARED
BATS
Loncho hina
TOMES,
1863,
P oc.
Zool.
Soc.
London,
p .
1,
p.
81.
Type,
Loncho hina
au i a
Tomes.
Tee h
essen ially
as
in
Mic onyc e is;
nose
lea
and
ea s
highly
specialized.
RANGE:
Bahama
Islands
and
om
Tabasco
and
sou he n
Oaxaca,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Ecuado
and
Minas
Ge ais,
B azil.
One
spe-
cies
is
eco ded
om
T inidad.
Loncho hina
au i a
au i a
Tomes
TOMES'
LONG-EARED
OR
LONG-NOSE-LEAFED
BAT
Pla e
17,
igu es
1-3,
ex
igu e
35
Loncho hina
au i a
TOMES,
1863,
P oc.
Zool.
Soc.
London,
p .
1,
p.
83.
Loncho hina
au i a
au i a,
HALL
AND
KELSON,
1959,
The
mammals
o
No h
Ame ica,
ol.
1,
p.
104.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
"Wes
Indies";
island
o
T inidad,
acco ding
o
Cab e a
(1957,
p.
63).
RANGE:
T inidad;
eco ded
bu
no
com-
mon.
1961
233
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
35.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Loncho hina
au i a
au i a.
X
11.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized,
slende
ba
wi h
an
ex emely
long,
sha ply
poin ed
nose
lea ;
e y
la ge,
poin ed
ea s;
ex emely
long,
slende
agus;
ail
eaching
pos e io
bo de
o
a
wide
in e emo al
mem-
b ane.
DESCRIPTION:
T inidad
specimens
ha e
he
uppe
pa s
uni o m
da k
Mummy
B own;
unde
pa s
Mummy
B own,
sligh ly
pale
han
back.
Skull
a he
na ow;
os-
um
swollen;
b aincase
sha ply
ele a ed
abo e
os um;
in e o bi al
egion
dep essed,
wi h
a
conca i y
a
base
o
os um;
ee h
essen ially
as
in
Mic onyc e is;
inne
uppe
inciso s
obliquely
chisel-shaped;
ou e
inciso s
small;
lowe
inciso s
small,
subequal,
and
in
a
con inuous
ow
be ween
canines;
second
lowe
p emola
e y
small;
an e io
uppe
p emola
sca cely
la ge
han
ou e
uppe
in-
ciso .
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
22-2;
canines,
1:1;
p emola s,
3-32;
mola s,
33-=
34.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Two
adul
emales
and
one
ju enile
male
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
51.0,
51.2,
47.0.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
20.0,
20.3,
19.5;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
10.3,
10.6,
9.5;
in e o bi al
con-
s ic ion,
4.8,
4.7,
4.2;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
6.8,
6.8,
6.5.
Weigh s:
One
emale,
14.5;
one
g a id
emale,
16.6;
and
one
ju enile
male,
11.2.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
La
Canoa,
San a
C uz,
one
(B.M.);
Zagaya
Ca e,
Mon e ideo,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Sau
d'Eau
Ca e,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Li le
is
known
abou
he
habi s
o
his
ba
on
T inidad.
A
colony
o
om
20
o
25
indi iduals
o
Loncho hina
was
ound
oos ing
e y
high
up
in
he
ceiling
o
a
ca e
a
Mon e ideo,
and
one
was
aken
in
a
sea
ca e
a
Sau
d'Eau.
Loncho hina
was
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Desmodus
o undus,
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa,
Mo moops
megalophylla,
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a,
Anou a
geo oyi,
and
Na alus
umidi os is.
BREEDING:
One
g a id
emale
was
aken
on
Ap il
13,
1960.
FOOD:
Examina ion
o
he
s omach
con-
en s
o
wo
T inidad
specimens
e ealed
he
emains
o
insec s
exclusi ely.
GENUS
TONATIA
GRAY
ROUND-EARED
BATS
Tona ia
GRAY,
1827,
in
G i i h,
The
animal
kingdom.
.
.
by
...
Ba on
Cu ie ,
ol.
5,
p.
71.
Type,
Vampy us
bidens
Spix.
Ea s
and
nose
lea
no
essen ially
di e en
in
s uc u e
om
hose
o
Mic onyc e is;
skull
and
ee h
also
simila ,
bu
only
one
pai
o
lowe
inciso s
ins ead
o
wo;
ea s
wi h
a
connec ing
band
ac oss
o ehead
p esen
o
absen .
RANGE:
F om
B i ish
Hondu as
and
wes -
e n
Cos a
Rica
sou h
o
Ecuado ,
Boli ia,
and
Pe u
o
cen al
and
eas e n
B azil.
Two
species
ha e
been
eco ded
om
T inidad.
Tona ia
bidens
(Spix)
GREATER
OR
SPIx's
ROUND-EARED
BAT
Pla e
16,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu es
36,
37
Vampy us
bidens
SPIx,
1823,
Simia um
e
espe ilionum
B asiliensium,
p.
65.
[Tona ia]
bidens,
GRAY,
1840,
in
G i i h,
The
animal
kingdom...
by
...
Ba on
Cu ie ,
ol.
5,
p.
69.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Bank
o
Rio
Sao
F an-
cisco,
Bahia,
B azil.
RANGE:
T inidad;
no
uncommon.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
a he
la ge
ba
wi h
la ge
ounded
ea s,
sepa a e;
p oximal
hal
o
o ea m
well
hai ed;
base
o
humb
and
uppe
sides
o
ee
hai y;
nose
lea
b oad
a
base,
using
wi h
uppe
lip
and
sha ply
ape ing
o
a
poin ;
naked
pad
on
lowe
lip
V-shaped
and
bo de ed
by
ow
o
small,
234
VOL.
12
2
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
ounded
papillae
( ig.
37);
ail
ex ending
o
middle
o
in e emo al
memb ane.
DESCRIPTION:
Colo
o
uppe
pa s
a y-
ing
om
Och aceous-Tawny
o
blackish
Mummy
B own;
unde
pa s
pale
and
g aye
han
back.
Skull
la ge
and
massi e;
os um
b oad
and
la ,
no
cons ic ed
in
o bi al
e-
gion;
supe io
ou line
e enly
ele a ed
pos e-
io ly;
pala e
na ow;
oo h
ows
sligh ly
con-
e ging
an e io ly,
no
essen ially
di e en
in
s uc u e
om
hose
o
Mic onyc e is.
Inne
uppe
inciso s
wi h
ou e
bo de
in
con ac
wi h
canines,
ou e
inciso s
c owded
o wa d.
Second
lowe
p emola
minu e
and
c owded
be ween
an e io
and
pos e io
p emola s.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
2-12;
canines,
_:1;
p emola s,
323;
mola s,
3-3=
32.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Adul
male
and
emale
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
56.0,
55.0.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
28.2,
26.4;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
14.3,
14.5;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
5.7,
5.8;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
9.8,
9.5.
Weigh s:
One
male,
26.8;
i e
emales,
24.2-26.9;
wo
g a id
emales,
31.7,
23.1.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Cap-de-
Ville,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Sipa ia,
ou
(A.M.N.H.);
La
B ea,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Li le
is
known
abou
he
habi s
o
his
ba .
I
was
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Mic onyc e is
hi su a.
The
T inidad
specimens
and
specimens
o
his
spe-
cies
om
Cos a
Rica
we e
ound
oos ing
in
FIG.
36.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Tona ia
bidens.
X
1.
FIG.
37.
Lowe
lip
o
Tona ia
bidens,
showing
wa y
p o ube ances.
hollow
ees.
BREEDING:
Two
g a id
aken
May
7,
1959.
FOOD:
F ui .
DISEASE:
The
specimens
abies-nega i e.
emales
we e
examined
we e
Tona ia
minu a
Goodwin
LESSER
OR
LITTLE
ROUND-EARED
BAT
Pla e
16,
igu es
1-3
Tona ia
minu a
GOODWIN,1942,
Jou .
Mammal.,
ol.
23,
no.
2,
p.
206.
Tona ia
enezuelae,
SANBORN,
1941,
Publ.
Field
Mus.
Na .
His .,
zool.
se .,
ol.
27,
p.
373.
Type
Locali y:
Boca
de
Cu a y,
Lo e o,
Pe u.
RANGE:
T inidad;
uncommon.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
Simila o
ha
o
Tona ia
bidens
bu
much
smalle ;
ea s
con-
nec ed
ac oss
o ehead
by
a
low
band.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
Mummy
B own,
becoming
da ke
on
head;
he
u
bu y
whi e
a
base;
unde
pa s
Snu
B own,
he
hai s
ligh ly
ipped
wi h
pale
bu .
Skull
small;
b aincase
ela i ely
na ow
and
high,
sha ply
ele a ed
abo e
os um;
in e o bi al
egion
cons ic ed;
bony
pala e
sho
and
ending
pos e io ly
a
a
line
ac oss
on
o
las
mola s.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
One
male
and
one
emale
om
I ois
Fo es ,
one
ju e-
nile
om
A ipo,
and
he
ype:
Leng h
o
o e-
a m,
35.5,
35.5,
34.0,
34.0+.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
20.0,
19.5, 18.0,
18.7;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
8.2,
9.2,
6.5+,
9.0;
in e o bi al
con-
s ic ion,
3.1,
3.1,
3.2,
3.0;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
6.9,
7.1,
6.5,
6.9.
WEIGHTS:
One
male,
9.9;
one
emale,
9.1.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
A ipo,
one
(B.M.);
Guaico,
ou
skulls
(A.M.N.H.);
I ois
Fo es ,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y,
wo
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Fou
bu ned
specimens
o
his
li le
ba
we e
aken
om
a
e mi e
235
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
nes ,
which
had
been
se
on
i e
o
ge
id
o
he
insec s.
Two
o he s
we e
aken
om
an-
o he
e mi e
nes
in
he
I ois
Fo es .
The
e mi e
(Mic oce o e mes
a bo eus)
is
one
o
he
se e al
species
esponsible
o
he
"di "
nes s
commonly
seen
on
ee
unks
in
T inidad.
Locally,
hese
nes s
a e
called
"wood
an
nes s."
O ni hologis s
claim
ha
hey
ha e
seen
ba s
in
abandoned
e mi e
nes s
when
looking
o
he
g een
pa akee
Fo pus
passe inus
i idissimus
which,
i
is
said,
lays
i s
eggs
in
hese
nes s.
REMARKS:
The
young
indi idual
om
A ipo
was
lis ed
by
Sanbo n
(1941,
p.
373)
as
Tona ia
enezuelae
on
accoun
o
he
connec -
ing
band
be ween
he
ea s.
Tona ia
enezuelae
is
a
much
la ge
ba ,
abou
he
size
o
T.
b asiliense,
o
which
i
is
p obably
a
synonym.
The
ype
o
b asiliense
is
a
poo ly
p epa ed
specimen,
bu
he e
a e
indica ions
ha
i
has
a
connec ing
band
be ween
he
ea s;
un-
o una ely
only
he
an e io
pa
o
he
skull
was
sa ed.
Measu emen s
o
he
ype
o
b asiliense
and
a
pa a ype
o
enezuelae
indi-
ca e
ha
hey
a e
he
same,
bu
qui e
dis-
inc
om
he
T inidad
specimens:
Fo ea m,
38.0,
38.5.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
-,
21.1;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
-,
10.4;
in e o bi al
wid h,
3.8,
3.3;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
7.7,
7.7;
wid h
ac oss
mola s,
6.6,
6.6.
GENUS
MIMON
GRAY
LITTLE
SPEAR-NOSED
BATS
Mimon
GRAY,
1847,
P oc.
Zool.
Soc.
London,
p .
15,
p.
14.
Type,
Phyllos oma
benne ii
G ay.
Medium-sized
ba s
wi h
a
all,
slende
nose
lea ;
ea s
la ge,
sepa a e;
ail
abou
as
long
as
emu ,
e mina ing
nea
middle
o
a
b oad
in e emo al
memb ane;
skull
supe icially
esembling
ha
o
Tona ia,
and
ee h
much
he
same
bu
only
wo
pai s
o
lowe
p e-
mola s
p esen
ins ead
o
h ee,
and
inne
uppe
inciso s
sepa a ed
om
canines
by
a
space
occupied
by
ou e
inciso s.
RANGE:
F om
Ve ac uz
and
Yuca an
in
Mexico
sou h
o
Pe u,
Ecuado ,
and
eas e n
B azil
in
Sou h
Ame ica.
One
species
occu s
in
T inidad.
SUBGENUS
ANTHORHINA
LYDEKBER
HAIRY
SPEAR-NOSED
BATS
An ho hina
LYDEKKER,
1891,
in
Flowe
and
Lydekke ,
Mammals
li ing
and
ex inc ,
p.
674.
Type,
Phyllos oma
c enulaum
.
Geo oy-Sain -
Hilai e.
Gene al
ex e nal
and
c anial
cha ac e s
essen ially
as
in
he
subgenus
Mimon,
bu
a
whi e
median
do sal
line
usually
p esen ;
nose
lea
hai y,
c enula ed
ins ead
o
simple
and
naked;
audi al
bullae
much
la ge .
RANGE:
F om
Panama
sou h
o
Pe u,
Ecuado ,
and
cen al
and
eas e n
B azil.
REMARKS:
Mille
(1907,
p.
129)
ecognized
Mimon
and
An ho hina
as
ull
gene a.
Ca-
b e a
(1957,
p.
66)
lis ed
An ho hina
as
a
sub-
genus
o
Mimon.
Handley
(1960,
p.
460)
s a ed
ha
he
nominal
gene a
An ho hina
and
Mimon
a e
no
dis inguishable,
e en
as
subgene a.
The
ba s
o
An ho hina
di e
om
hose
o
Mimon
p incipally
in
ha ing
a
smalle
an e io
uppe
p emola
(PM'),
sho e
lowe
inciso ,
la ge
audi al
bullae,
s ou e
zygoma ic
a ch,
sho e
and
less
woolly
u ,
smalle
ea s,
and
a
hai y,
no ched
nose
lea .
In
Mimon
he
audi al
bullae
a e
small,
co e ing
abou
one-hal
o
he
su ace
o
he
cochleae,
whe eas
in
An ho hina
he
audi al
bullae
a e
la ge
and
co e
conside ably
mo e
han
hal
o
he
cochleae.
A
summa y
o
he
cha ac e s
peculia
o
An ho hina
seems
o
su icien
impo ance
o
wa an
subgene ic
ecogni ion.
Mimon
c enula um
c enula um
(:.
Geo oy-
Sain -Hilai e)
GEOFFROY'S
HAIRY,
SPEAR-NOSED
BAT
Pla e
17,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu e
38
Phyllos oma
c enula um
P.
GEOFFROY-SAINT-
HILAIRE,
1810,
Ann.
Mus.
d'His .
Na .,
Pa is,
ol.
15,
p.
183.
An ho hina
c enula um,
TROUESSART,
1905,
Ca alogus
mammalium
am
i en ium
quam
ossilium,
suppl.,
p.
112.
An ho hina
c enula a,
MILLER,
1907,
Bull.
U.
S.
Na l.
Mus.,
ol.
57,
p.
131.
Mimon
(An ho hina)
c enula um,
CABRERA,
1957,
Re .
Mus.
A gen ino
Cien.
Na .
"Be na dino
Ri ada ia,"
cien.
zool.,
ol.
4,
no.
1,
p.
66.
Mimon
c enula um
c enula um,
HANDLEY,
1960,
P oc.
U.
S.
Na l.
Mus.,
ol.
112,
p.
462.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Sou h
Ame ica,
possibly
T inidad,
eas e n
Venezuela,
o
he
Guianas.
RANGE:
T inidad;
uncommon.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized
ba wi h
a
long,
slende
nose
lea ,
hai y
and
VO
L.
12
2
236
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
237
FIG.
38.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Mimon
c enula um
c enula um.
X
1I.
wi h
no ched
edges;
ea s
la ge
and
sepa a e;
ail
abou
as
long
as
emu
and
e mina ing
in
middle
o
a
b oad
in e emo al
memb ane.
DESCRIPTION:
Colo
o
a
specimen
om
T inidad:
uppe
pa s
Bone
B own,
base
o
hai s
whi ish;
an
indis inc
whi ish
line
down
back;
unde
pa s
blackish
b own,
ligh ly
washed
wi h
Pale
Pinkish
Bu .
Skull
ela-
i ely
long
and
na ow,
wi h
a
a he
b oadly
a ched,
sho
os um;
audi al
bullae
la ge,
co e ing
mo e
han
hal
o
he
cochleae;
inne
uppe
inciso s
e ical;
an e io
uppe
p e-
mola
(PM')
sca cely
la ge
han
ou e
in-
ciso ;
lowe
inciso
abou
as
wide
as
high,
cu ing
edges
ain ly
i id;
nasals
sho ened,
lea ing
a
wide
ema gina ion
ha
indica es
an
app oach
owa ds
he
comple e
absence
o
nasal
bones
in
Chi ode ma.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
1;
canines,
_1;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
33=
30.
MEASUREMENTS:
Adul
male
om
Po -o -
Spain,
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
50.3;
hi d
me aca pal,
45.5;
i s
phalanx,
14.0;
second
phalanx,
25.2;
ou h
me aca pal,
43.5;
i h
me aca pal,
44.0;
leng h
o
head
and
body,
55.0;
leng h
o
ail,
19.4;
hind
oo ,
12.0;
ibia,
20.5;
ea
om
mea us,
20.0;
b ead h
o
ea ,
15.5;
agus,
6.0;
nose
lea ,
16.5
by
67.0.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h
21.4;
condylobasal
leng h,
18.3;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
11.5; in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
4.5;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-Me,
7.8.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Belmon ,
Po -o -Spain,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Li le
is
known
abou
he
habi s
o
his
ba .
The
T inidad
specimen
was
aken
in
a
building
o
Po -o -Spain.
G.
H.
H.
Ta e
ook
15
specimens
o
Mimon
c enula um
keenani
om
he
hollow
unk
o
a
la ge
ee
a
Rio
Tocuyo,
Venezuela.
BREEDING:
Two
g a id
emales
o
M.
c enula um
keenani
we e
aken
a
Rio
Tocuyo
Ma ch
24,
1938,
by
Ta e.
REMARKS:
The
p esen
T inidad
specimen
ag ees
in
all
essen ial
cha ac e s
wi h
he
de-
sc ip ion
o
he
ype.
O he
named
Sou h
Ame ican
o ms,
Mimon
longi olium
Wagne
and
M.
pic a
Thomas,
can
a
bes
be
e-
ga ded
only
as
subspeci ic
geog aphical
o ms
o
c enula um.
Mimon
pe uanum
is
a
synonym
o
M.
c.
longi olium,
bu
Mimon
benne ii
is
a
ull
species.
GENUS
PHYLLOSTOMUS
LAC PIDE
Phyllos omus
LACEPPDE,
1799,
Tableau
des
di isions,
sous-di isions,
o d es
e
gen es
des
mammi e es,
p.
16.
Type,
Vespe ilio
has a us
Pallas.
La ge,
obus ,
unicolo ed
ba s,
wi h
a
well-
de eloped
leshy
nose
lea ,
wide
in e emo al
memb ane,
and
sho
ail
pe o a ing
uppe
side.
RANGE:
F om
Ve ac uz
and
Oaxaca,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Ecuado ,
Pe u,
and
Sao
Paulo,
B azil.
Two
species
a e
eco ded
om
T inidad;
one
comes
om
Tobago.
Phyllos omus
discolo
discolo
Wagne
LONG-TONGUED
OR
LESSER
SPEAR-NOSED
BAT
Pla e
19,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu e
39
Phyllos oma
discolo
WAGNER,
1843,
A ch.
Na u gesch.,
y .
9,
ol.
1,
pp.
366.
Phyllos omus
discolo ,
MILLER,
1932,
P oc.
Biol.
Soc.
Washing on,
ol.
45,
p.
149.
Phyllos omus
discolo
discolo ,
MILLER
AND
KELLOGG,
1955,
Bull.
U.
S.
Na l.
Mus.,
no.
205,
p.
67.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Cuyabi,
Ma o
G osso,
B azil.
RANGE:
T inidad;
widely
dis ibu ed
and
common.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized,
obus
ba
wi h
a
well-de eloped
nose
lea ,
a he
na ow
poin ed
ea s,
sho
ail,
la ge
in e emo al
memb ane,
and
no
acial
s ipes;
lowe
lip
wi h
a
V-shaped
naked
pad
bo de ed
by
a
ow
o
elonga e
papillae.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
a ying
om
Mummy
B own
o
P ou 's
1961

BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
39.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Phyllos omus
discolo
discolo .
X10.
B own,
becoming
pale
on
head
and
shoulde s;
unde
pa s
Cinnamon
Bu .
Skull
massi e
bu
ela i ely
long
and
slende
o
he
genus,
wi h
a
b oad,
low
os um,
ounded
b ain
case,
and
weak
sagi al
c es .
Inne
up-
pe
inciso s
simple
and
di ec ed
sligh ly
o -
wa d;
ou e
inciso s
e y
sho
and
b oad;
lowe
inciso s
o ming
a
con inuous
ow
be-
ween
canines,
ou e
oo h
only
sligh ly
smalle
han
inne ,
cu ing
edges
ain ly
i id.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
2-2
;
canines,
1-1
2-23-
2-2;
_-;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
3-3=
32.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Two
males
and
wo
emales
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
59.2-63.2.
Skull:
One
emale:
g ea -
es
leng h,
26.3;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
14.6;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
6.0;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
9.2.
Weigh s:
Twen y-one
males,
22.9-40.0;
12
emales,
22.2-36.9,
including
se en
non-g a id
emales,
22.5-35.6,
one
g a id
emale,
29.6,
and
ou
lac a ing
e-
males,
31.6-36.9;
one
nu sing
young,
7.0.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
G an-
ille,
Ced os,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Leon ille,
S .
Joseph,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Po -o -Spain,
one
(A.M.N.H.),
one
(L.S.U.);
San a
C uz,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Vic o ia
Village,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
no
exac
locali y,
wo
(L.S.U.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
The
Lesse
Spea -nosed
Ba
shows
a
p e e ence
o
oos ing
in
he
hollow
unk
o
he
silk-co on
ee
(Ceiba
pen and a).
Colonies
o
abou
25
indi iduals
o
bo h
sexes
ha e
been
ound
oos ing
high
up
inside
he
unks
o
ees
wi h
only
one
en ance,
and
away
om
he
en ance.
I
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Sac-
cop e yx
bilinea a,
Noc ilio
lepo inus,
Mic o-
nyc e is
megalo is,
and
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a.
BREEDING:
G a id
emales
ha e
been
ound
in
Feb ua y,
Ma ch,
June,
and
Augus ;
lac a ing
emales
in
Augus ,
Sep embe ,
and
Oc obe ;
emales
wi h
young
in
Augus
and
Oc obe ;
b eeding
males
in
Janua y,
Augus ,
and
Oc obe .
On
Augus
2,
1957,
one
oos
yielded
17
males,
many
b eeding,
and
13
e-
males,
one
g a id.
FoOD:
This
is
a
ui -ea ing
ba ;
in
cap i -
i y
i
p e e s
so
ui
such
as
ipe
bananas,
mangoes,
and
pawpaws
o
i me
ui
o
he
same
kind.
I
will
no
ea
lesh.
I
has
a
long
ex endible
ongue,
wi h
a
deep
g oo e
on
he
uppe
su ace
which
is
used
o
scoop
ou
ui
pulp.
PARASITES:
Jobling
(1949,
p.
322)
epo s
he
ollowing
species
o
he
S eblidae
(ba
lies)
om
T inidad
specimens
o
Phyllos o-
mus
discolo :
T ichobius
pe spicilla us,
T.
mix us,
and
Euc enodes
mi abilis.
Uniden i-
ied
ema odes
we e
ound
in
one
specimen.
The
T inidad
Regional
Vi us
Labo a o y
(1958,
p.
94)
lis s
he
ollowing
species
o
he
S eblidae
om
T inidad
Phyllos omus
dis-
colo :
T ichobius
cos alimai.
B ennan
and
Jones
(1960,
p.
538)
epo
he
ollowing
spe-
cies
o
he
T ombiculidae
(chigge s)
om
T inidad
Phyllos omus
discolo :
T ombicula
ca menae.
DISEASE:
All
specimens
examined
we e
abies-nega i e.
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us
(Pallas)
PALLAS'
OR
GREATER
SPEAR-NOSED
BAT
Pla e
18,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu es
40,
41
Vespe ilio
has a us
PALLAS,
1767,
Spicilegia
zoologica,
ol.
3,
p.
7.
Phyllos omus
has a us,
MILLER,
1907,
Bull.
U.
S.
Na l.
Mus.,
ol.
57,
p.
131.
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us,
CABRERA,
1957,
Re .
Mus.
A gen ino
Cien.
Na .
"Be na dino
Ri ada ia,"
cien.
zool.,
ol.
4,
no.
1,
p.
68.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Sou h
Ame ica.
RANGE:
T inidad;
widely
dis ibu ed
and
common.
Tobago,
no
uncommon.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
e y
la ge,
o-
bus
ba
simila
o
Phyllos omus
discolo
bu
238
VOL.
122
239
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
FIG.
40.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us.
X
14.
la ge
and,
wi h
he
excep ion
o
he
alse
ampi e
(Vampy um
spec um),
he
la ges
ba
in
T inidad.
Tail
sho ;
in e emo al
memb ane
la ge,
a
gland
on
ches
conspicu-
ous
in
males,
inconspicuous
in
emales;
naked,
V-shaped,
wa y
pad
on
lowe
lip
( ig.
41).
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
usually
a y-
ing
shades
o
da k
Mummy
B own,
bu
some
indi iduals
eddish,
while
o he s
a e
almos
black,
wi h
g ay
spo s.
Skull
la ge
and
mas-
si e,
wi h
a
b oad,
low,
and
a he
la ened
os um;
sagi al
c es
s ongly
de eloped;
ee h
abou
as
in
Phyllos omus
discolo
bu
la ge .
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Two
males
and
h ee
emales
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
79.3-82.2.
Skull:
One
emale:
g ea -
es
leng h,
37.3;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
19.0;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
17.3;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M8,
12.5.
Weigh s:
Twen y-
se en
males,
52.2-101.1;
31
emales,
66.3-
87.1;
wo
g a id
emales,
64.8,
87.1;
one
lac a ing
emale,
82.5.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
Tobago:
Rox-
bo ough,
one
(M.C.Z.);
no
exac
locali y,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
T inidad:
Acona
Road,
Ma acas,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Heigh s
o
Guan-
apo,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Manzanilla,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Walle
Field,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
no
exac
locali y,
ou
(L.S.U.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
The
G ea e
Spea -
nosed
Ba
oos s
in
la ge
ca es,
hollow
ees,
used
and
unused
buildings,
open
a ics,
and
occasionally
unde
palm
lea es.
The
la ges
concen a ions
a e
o
be
ound
in
la ge
da k
ca es
whe e
colonies
o
se e al
housand
in-
di iduals
a e
no
unusual.
Clus e s
a y
in
numbe
om
a
ew
indi iduals
up
o
100
o
mo e,
packed
igh ly
oge he
and
hanging
head
downwa d.
This
ba
has
been
ound
in
he
M .
Tamana
Ca es
oos ing
in
associa-
ion
wi h
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa,
P e ono us
da yi,
Mo moops
megalophylla,
Ca ollia
pe -
spicilla a,
and
Na alus
umidi os is;
in
he
Heigh s
o
Guanapo
ca e
wi h
all
he
abo e
men ioned
excep
P e ono us
da yi
and
in
addi ion
wi h
Desmodus
o undus;
in
an
abandoned
building
wi h
Molossus
a e ,
whe e
a
young
male
was
oos ing
be ween
h ee
male
Molossus
a e ;
and
a
young
male
was
also
ound
unde
a
palm
lea
wi h
75
Molossus
a e .
In
Tobago
a
young
male
was
aken
in
a
chu ch
wi h
Glossophaga
longi os-
is
and
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a.
I
is
a
swi ,
powe ul
lie ,
in
mos
ins ances,
bu
i
is
no
easily
dis u bed
when
oos ing
and
shows
only
a
li le
uneasiness
when
ouched
by
hand.
I
akes
a
conside able
amoun
o
p odding
and
e en
shoo ing
o
make
a
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
41.
F on
iew
o
nose
lea
and
lowe
lip
o
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us,
showing
wa y
p o ube ances.
colony
ake
ligh .
I
is
bold
and
e en
agg es-
si e,
and
on
se e al
occasions
a
la ge
indi id-
ual
has
delibe a ely
le
a
clus e
o
oos
ma es
o
walk
down
a
ca e
wall
head
i s
and
bi e
he
glo ed
hand
o
he
junio
au ho .
The
oos s
o
his
ba
usually
ha e
a
s ong
musky
odo .
Soli a y
indi iduals
hanging
alone
a e
in a iably
young
males.
Phyllos o-
mus
has a us
is
he
only
species
o
ba
in
T inidad
ha
appea s
o
be
uly
g ega ious.
Mos
colonies
o
o he
species
o
ba s
dispe se
indi idually
and
a el
in
di e en
di ec ions
o
eed,
as
soon
as
hey
lea e
he
oos ,
bu
numbe s
o
he
G ea e
Spea -nosed
Ba
usually
ly
oge he
in
ag oup
om
he
oos
o
he
eeding
g ounds.
An
es ima ed
hun-
d ed
indi iduals
ha e
been
seen
o
ly
in
a
lock
o
a
g o e
o
sapucaia
nu
ees
(Lecy-
his
zabucajo)
o
eed
on
he
seeds,
o
which
i
appea s
o
be
ex emely
ond.
When
he
seeds
a e
ipe,
g ea
numbe s
o
hese
ba s
ly
oge he
in o
a
g o e
o
nu
ees
a
abou
dusk
making
loud
ocal
sounds,
ea
o
he
seeds
o
ea
he
leshy
a achmen ,
and
ly
o
again.
Phyllos omus
has a us
shows
no
ea
o
man
and
o en
lies
almos
in o
he
ace
o
an
obse e
be o e
swe ing
o
o
one
side.
G oups
o
50
indi iduals
lying
oge he
a e
no
unusual,
and,
when
hey
appea ,
o he
ba s
on
he
wing
seem
quickly
o
lea e
he
icini y.
BREEDING:
G a id
emales
in
an
ad anced
s age
ha e
been
aken
in
la e
Ma ch
and
Ap il.
Lac a ing
emales
we e
collec ed
in
he
M .
Tamana
Ca es
in
Ap il
and
June,
1956;
emales
wi h
a
single
young
we e
aken
in
he
same
ca es
on
Sep embe
21,
1957,
while
on
No embe
20,
1957,
no
young
we e
seen
wi h
he
emales.
FOOD:
Bases
o
oos s
show
he
emains
o
ui ,
u ,
and
ea he s,
indica ing
ha
his
species
has
a
a ied
die .
Examina ions
o
i s
s omach
con en s
ha e
shown
he
emains
o
ui
and
lesh.
In
cap i i y
his
ba
h i es
on
a
wide
a ie y
o
ui
and
mea .
I
is
especially
ond
o
aw
mea ,
mice,
and
young
bi ds.
I
has
no
hesi a ion
in
killing
and
ea -
ing
mos
o he
species
o
ba s
pu
in o
i s
cage,
al hough
i
appea s
o
be
uneasy
in
he
p esence
o
Desmodus.
PARASITES:
Jobling
(1949,
p.
322)
epo ed
he
ollowing
species
o
he
S eblidae
(ba
lies)
om
T inidad
Phyllos omus
has a us:
T ichobius
mix us
and
Euc enodes
mi abilis.
Uniden i ied
species
o
ces odes
and
em-
a odes
ha e
been
ound
in
he
gall
bladde
o
one
specimen.
The
T inidad
Regional
Vi us
Labo a o y
(1958,
p.
94)
lis s
he
ol-
lowing
species
o
he
S eblidae
om
T inidad
Phyllos omus
has a us:
T ichobius
dugesii.
DISEASE:
All
specimens
examined
we e
abies-nega i e.
GENUS
TRACHOPS
GRAY
FRINGE-LIPPED
BATS
T achops
GRAY,
1847,
P oc.
Zool.
Soc.
London,
p .
15,
p.
14.
Type,
T achops
uliginosus
[=Vam-
py us
ci hosus
Spix].
La ge,
obus
ba s
wi h
la ge
ea s,
woolly
pelage,
and
highly
specialized
wa y
ou -
g ow hs
on
chin;
middle
lowe
p emola
(PM3)
minu e
and
c owded
in
om
oo h
ow.
RANGE:
F om
Minas
Ge ais,
B azil,
o
B i ish
Hondu as
and
Espe anza,
Chiapas,
Mexico.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T ini-
dad.
T achops
ci hosus
(Spix)
LIZARD-EATING
OR
FRINGE-LIPPED
BAT
Pla e
19,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
42,
43
Vampy us
ci hosus
SPIx,
1823,
Simia um
e
espe ilionum
B asiliensium,
p.
64.
T achops
ci hosus,
PETERS,
1865,
Mona sbe .
P eussischen
Akad.
Wiss.
Be lin,
p.
512.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
B azil;
Pe nambuco,
ac-
co ding
o
Cab e a
(1957,
p.
69).
RANGE:
T inidad;
eco ded
om
sou he n
T inidad
and
appea s
o
be
a he
uncom-
mon.
240
VOL.
122
241
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
FIG.
42.
F on
iew
o
head
o
T achops
ci hosus.
X
14.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
a he
la ge
ba
wi h
ela i ely
long
and
woolly
pelage,
u
ex ending
down
o ea m
o
hal
o
i s
leng h;
nose
lea
no mal;
ea s
la ge
and
e ec ;
ail
sho
and
appea ing
on
uppe
side
o
a
b oad
in e emo al
memb ane;
chin
and
lips
conspicuously
s udded
wi h
conical
o
cylind ical,
wa -like
p o ube ances
( ig.
43).
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
Cinnamon-B own,
a ying
o
da ke shades
in
some
examples;
unde
pa s
dull
b ownish
inged
wi h
g ayish
b own.
Skull
la ge
and
elonga ed;
b aincase
la ge
and
ele a ed
abo e
os um,
wi h
a
well-de eloped
sagi al
c es ;
ee h
s ong;
ou e
uppe
inciso s
e y
small;
lowe
inciso s
small,
almos
subequal
in
size
and
o ming
a
con inuous
ow
be ween
canines.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
I
nciso s,
2-2
;
canines,
111;
p emola s,
2-2
;
mola s,
3-33=34.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Two
males
and
one
emale
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
61.0-64.0.
Skull:
Adul
male
and
e-
male:
g ea es
leng h,
29.3,
30.5;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
14.8,
15.5;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
5.3,
5.4;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
11.1,
11.3.
Weigh s:
Two
males:
39.5,
37.2;
one
e-
male,
40.1;
wo
g a id
emales,
41.6,
43.0.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Cap-de-
Ville,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Edwa ds
T ace,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Fyzabad,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Pa ylands
Road,
La
B ea,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Pe ial
Rock
Road,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Small
colonies
o
hal
a
dozen
indi iduals
o
bo h
sexes
ha e
been
aken
in
hollow
ees
in
T inidad.
This
ba
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Saccop e yx
bilinea a,
Mic onyc e is
mega-
lo is,
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a,
and
Desmodus
o undus.
I
is
wa y,
easily
dis u bed,
and
eadily
akes
ligh
when
app oached.
BREEDING:
Th ee
b eeding
males
we e
aken
on
Decembe
5,
1957;
wo
g a id
e-
males,
on
Ma ch
13,
1959.
FoOD:
The
s omach
con en s
o
one
speci-
men
om
T inidad
examined
by
he
junio
au ho
showed
he
emains
o
uniden i ied
lesh
and
small
sha p
bones.
S omach
con-
en s
o
a
specimen
om
he
Canal
Zone,
FIG.
43.
F on
iew
o
chin
and
nose
lea
o
T achops
ci hosus,
showing
conical
papillae
on
chin
and
se a ed
edge
o
nose
lea .
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
Choe oniscus
in e medius
(J.
A.
Allen
and
Chapman)
TRINIDADIAN
LONG-NOSED,
TAILED
BAT
Pla e
21,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu es
49,
50
Choe onyc e is
in e media
J.
A.
ALLEN
AND
CHAPMAN,
1893,
Bull.
Ame .
Mus.
Na .
His .,
ol.
5,
a .
13,
p.
207.
[Choe oniscus]
in e media,
THOMAS,
1928,
Ann.
Mag.
Na .
His .,
se .
10,
ol.
1,
p.
122.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
P inces own
(=
P inces
Town),
T inidad,
Wes
Indies.
RANGE:
T inidad;
e y
sca ce.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
small,
da k-
colo ed
ba
wi h
an
excep ionally
long
muzzle,
no ched
lowe
lip,
e y
small
i-
angula
nose
lea ,
and
sho
ail.
The
emale
o
his
species
is
la ge
han
he
male.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
a he
da ke
han
Mummy
B own,
he
hai s
Ligh
D ab
om
base
o
h ee-qua e s
o
hei
leng h
and
ipped
wi h
Mummy
B own;
unde
pa s
sca cely
pale
han
back,
he
hai s
unicolo ed.
Skull
e y
long
and
slende ,
os um
na ow
and
delica e
bu
less
han
hal
o
he
leng h
o
he
skull;
hamula
p ocesses
o
p e ygoids
in la ed
and
in
con-
ac
wi h
audi al
bullae
( ig.
50);
ee h
small,
delica e,
and
uni o mly
spaced;
uppe
in-
ciso s
minu e,
inne
inciso s
widely
sepa a ed
om
each
o he ;
lowe
inciso s
absen ;
uppe
and
lowe
p emola s
low,
long,
na ow,
and
widely
sepa a ed
om
one
ano he .
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
22
;
canines,
_11;
p emola s,
3-3;
mola s
33=
30.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Skin
and
skull
o
he
ype
(a
emale),
an
adul
emale,
and
a
male
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
34.5,
35.2,
33.5.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
22.4,
22.7,
21.4;
b ead h
o
b aincase,
8.3,
8.2,
8.4;
in e o bi al
b ead h,
3.8,
3.5,
3.4;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M8,
7.8, 7.9,
7.5.
Weigh s:
One
D4'~~~~~~~)
FIG.
49.
La e al
iew
o
head
o
Choe oniscus
in e medius.
X
1
.
FIG.
50.
Pala e
o
Choe oniscus
in e medius,
showing
hamula
p ocesses
o
p e ygoids
in la ed
and
in
con ac
wi h
bullae.
g a id
emale,
7.8;
one
male,
4.6.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
P inces
Town,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Sang e
G ande,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
I ois
Fo es ,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Colin
Sanbo n
(1954,
p.
290)
s a es
ha ,
in
a
colony
o
eigh
speci-
mens
o
Choe oniscus
(p obably
inca),
wo
males
and
six
emales
we e
ound
oos ing
on
he
unde
side
o
a
allen
ee
ha
lay
o e
a
s eam
h ough
a
deep
gully,
a
Chiman a-
epu ,
Venezuela.
BREEDING:
A
g a id
emale
om
T inidad
was
aken
Augus
16,
1958.
On
Feb ua y
5,
1923,
a
g a id
emale
o
Choe oniscus
inca
was
aken
by
He be
Lang
a
Kamakusa,
B i ish
Guiana.
FoOD:
This
ba
is
p obably
o
some
ex en
a
nec a
eede ,
i s
long
muzzle
and
long
ex-
endible
ongue
being
especially
sui able
o
lap
up
he
liquid
a
he
bo om
o
la ge,
nigh -
blooming
lowe s.
Mic oscopical
examina-
ion
o
he
s omach
con en s
o
one
specimen,
howe e ,
e ealed
some
minu e
pa icles
ha
a e
possibly
pollen,
some
ha
may
be
c ys al-
lized
honey
o
ui
juice,
many
agmen s
o
a
coleop e ous
insec ,
and
nume ous
b own
and
whi e,
hai -like
s ands,
p obably
ei he
om
insec s
o
om
ui .
This
specimen,
a
leas ,
had
ed
o
a
la ge
ex en
on
insec s.
REMARKS:
J.
A.
Allen,
when
he
and
Chap-
man
desc ibed
Choe oniscus
in e media,
had
h ee
specimens
om
P inces
Town,
T ini-
dad:
he
ype,
which
is
a
somewha
aded
e-
male
and
possibly
was
p epa ed
om
a
248
VOL.
122

GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
pickled
specimen,
and
wo
in
spi i s,
bo h
males.
The
las -named
wo
canno
be
loca ed
a
he p esen
ime.
Allen
ga e
he
o ea m
leng hs
o
he
T inidad
specimens
as
male,
33.5,
and
emale,
34.5,
bu
appa en ly
he
measu ed
he
adius.
The
exac
s a us
o
Choe oniscus
mino
(Pe e s)
om
Su inam
canno
be
de e mined,
as
he
ype
was
des oyed
du ing
he
second
Wo ld
Wa .
The
sex
o
he
ype
is
no
known,
and
c anial
measu emen s
ha e
no
been
pub-
lished.
I
he
ype
o
C.
mino
was
a
emale,
hen
i
could
be
closely
allied
o
C.
in e media,
bu
i
a
male,
i
could
be
close
o
o
he
same
as
he
specimens
we
now
know
as
Choe onis-
cus
inca
(Thomas),
because
males
o
ha
spe-
cies
a e conside ably
smalle
han
emales.
The
o ea m
leng h
in
male
specimens
o
C.
inca
is
abou
he
same
as
in
emales
o
in e -
media.
A
la ge
emale
Choe oniscus
inca
( o e-
a m,
36.8)
has
been
aken
in
B i ish
Guiana.
SUBFAMILY
CAROLLIINAE
MILLER
TRICOLORED
SHORT-TAILED
FRUIT
BATS
Medium-sized,
obus
ba s
wi h
a
sho
ail;
pelage
dis inc ly
icolo ed;
calca
sho e
han
oo
wi hou
claws;
ea s
alling
sho
o
ip
o
nose
when
laid
o wa d,
a
naked
wa y
pad
on
lowe
lip;
wo
pai s
o
lowe
inciso s.
GENUS
CAROLLIA
GRAY
LESSER
SHORT-TAILED
FRUIT
BATS
Ca ollia
GRAY,
1838,
Mag.
Zool.
Bo .,
ol.
2,
p.
488.
Type,
Ca ollia
b aziliensis
G ay
[=
Vespe -
ilio
pe spicilla us
Linnaeus].
Dusky
o
eddish
b own
muscula
ba s
wi h
uppe
inciso s
s ongly
con as ing
in
size,
he
ou e
minu e;
canines
low,
s ong,
and
simple
in
o m;
p emola s
a he
na ow,
wi h
well-de eloped
main
cusps
and
cu ing
edges.
RANGE:
F om
San
Luis
Po osi
and
Colima,
Mexico,
Jamaica,
Wes
Indies,
sou h
o
Ecuado ,
Pe u,
and
Ma o
G osso,
B azil.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T inidad
and
Tobago.
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a
(Linnaeus)
LINNAEUS'
SHORT-TAILED
FRUIT
BAT
Pla e
23,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
51,
52
Vespe ilio
pe spicilla us
LINNAEUS,
1758,
Sys-
ema
na u ae,
ed.
10,
ol.
1,
p.
31.
Hemide ma
pe spicilla um,
THOMAS,
1901,
Ann.
Mag.
Na .
His .,
se .
7,
ol.
8,
p.
192.
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a,
MILLER,
1924,
Bull.
U.
S.
Na l.
Mus.,
ol.
128,
p.
53.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Su inam
(see
Thomas,
1911,
P.
130).
RANGE:
Tobago;
common
and
widely
dis-
ibu ed.
T inidad;
common
and
widely
dis-
ibu ed.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized
ba
wi h
a he
sho
ea s;
small,
poin ed
nose
lea ;
ail
eaching
o
abou
he
middle
o
a
naked,
mode a ely
de eloped,
in e emo al
memb ane;
o ea m
u ed
along
ou e
side
nea
base;
naked
pad
on
lowe
lip
V-shaped,
wi h
a
la ge
cen al
wa
bo de ed
by
a
ow
o
small,
ounded
wa s
( ig.
52).
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
a ying
om
g ayish
o
b own,
wi h
some
specimens
ches nu ;
he
u
icolo ed,
da k
b own
a
base,
ollowed
by
a
wide
band
o
whi ish
o
b igh
Och aceous-Bu
and
b oadly
ipped
by
he
p e ailing
colo
o
he
indi idual;
un-
de
pa s
sligh ly
pale
han
back,
he
u
mo e
o
less
unicolo ed
o
oo s.
Skull
s ongly
buil ,
wi h
a
sho
os um;
uppe
inciso s
comple ely
illing
space
be ween
canines;
inne
uppe
inciso s
ela i ely
la ge;
ou e
inciso s
minu e;
lowe
inciso s
small,
no ched,
and
o ming
a
sligh ly
con ex
ow
be ween
canines;
p emola s
a he
na ow,
wi h
well-de eloped
main
cusps.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
2_2;
canines,
1_1;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
3_3
=32.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Thi y
specimens
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
40.0-44.5.
Skull:
Adul
male
and
emale:
g ea es
leng h,
22.9,
22.6;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
11.5,
11.4;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
FIG.
51.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a.
X
14.
1961
249
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
52.
Lowe
lip
o
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a,
showing
pa e n
o
wa s.
6.0,
5.5;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M8,
7.5,
7.6.
Weigh s:
Fi y-nine
males,
12.5-19.9;
83
e-
males,
11.3-23.1,
including
53
non-g a id
e-
males,
11.3-21.2,
16
g a id
emales,
14.5-
23.1,
14
lac a ing
emales,
13.5-19.9.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
Tobago:
Fo
Geo ge,
Sca bo ough,
h ee
(A.M.N.H.);
Mil o d
Bay,
wo
(M.C.Z.);
M .
Pleasan ,
S .
Pa ick
School,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
O ange
Hill
Es a e,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Li le
Tobago,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
T inidad:
A ima
Valley,
20
(A.M.N.H.);
Blue
Basin
illage,
Diego
Ma in,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
B azil
A ena,
eas
o
Talpa o
Es a e,
ou
(A.M.N.H.);
Capa o
Valley
Road,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Sipa ia,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Douglas
Road,
Mo uga,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Gaspa illo,
San a
C uz,
ou
(A.M.N.H.);
Heigh s
o
Guanapo,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
John's
Road,
Na i a,
six
(A.M.N.H.);
Po -o -Spain,
26
(U.S.N.M.);
San a
C uz,
10
(A.M.N.H.);
Ra ine
Sable,
Ex ension
Road,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
This
ba
oos s
in
colonies
o
mo e
han
100
indi iduals
o
bo h
sexes
in
a
wide
a ie y
o
places.
I
has
been
ound
in
ca es,
hollow
ees,
unnels,
in
wells,
mine
sha s,
old
machine y,
d ying
sheds,
and
on
he
unde
side
o
lea es.
I
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Saccop-
e yx
bilinea a,
S.
lep u a,
Noc ilio
lepo inus,
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa,
P e ono us
da yi,
Mo moops
megalophylla,
Loncho hina
au i a,
Mic onyc e is
megalo is,
M.
hi su a,
M.
b achyo is,
M.
nice o i,
Phyllos omus
discolo ,
P.
has a us,
T achops
ci hosus,
Glossophaga
so icina,
G.
longi os is,
Anou a
geo oyi,
A ibeus
jamaicensis,
A.
li u a us,
Na alus
umidi os is,
Desmodus
o undus,
Diaemus
youngi,
and
Myo is
nig icans.
In
da k
ca es
Ca ollia
is
no
easily
dis u bed.
Colonies
may
oos
closely
packed
oge he ,
o
indi iduals
may
hang
sepa a ely.
The
ba
is
a
apid
lie
and
lies
in
a
s aigh
line
om
he
oos
o
eeding
g ounds,
and
when
a oiding
in e -
ening
objec s
i
swe es
suddenly
and
de e-
ca es
in
ligh
as
i
u ns.
The
esul
is
ha
walls
and
houses
a e
equen ly
spa e ed
wi h
eces.
BREEDING:
G a id
emales
ha e
been
aken
in
Feb ua y,
Ma ch,
Ap il,
May,
June,
July,
Augus ,
and
Oc obe ;
b eeding
males,
in
Feb ua y,
Ap il,
May,
June,
July,
and
Sep embe ;
lac a ing
emales,
in
all
he
mon hs
om
May
o
Oc obe ;
single
young
in
Janua y,
May,
June,
July,
and
Augus ;
males
only,
in
some
oos s,
in
Janua y,
Feb ua y,
and
June;
emales
only
wi h
young,
in
some
oos s
in
Janua y,
Ap il,
and
Oc obe .
In
Tobago
a
emale
wi h
a
single
young
was
aken
on
Sep embe
3,
1956.
FoOD:
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
p obably
eeds
wice
du ing
each
nigh .
This
ba
lea es
he
day ime
oos
sho ly
a e
dusk
o
o age
o
ood.
I
ea s
a
a ie y
o
ui s
om
he
ol-
lowing
ees:
sapodillo
(Ach as
zapo a),
mamee
sapo e
(Caloca pum
mammosum),
papaya
(Ca ica
papaya),
bois
cano
(Cec opia
pel a a),
us ic
(Chlo opho a
inc o ia),
s a
apple
(Ch ysophyllum
caini o),
sea
g apes
(Coccoloba
u i e a),
co ee
(Co ea
spp.),
onka
bean
(Dip e yx
odo a a),
p im ose
(Eugenia
jambos),
pome ac
(Eugenia
malaccensis),
Cey-
lon
willow
(Ficus
benjamina
comosa),
mango
(Mangi e a
indica),
bala a
(Manilka a
bi-
den a a),
chene
(Melicocca
bijuga),
banana
(Musa
spp.)
bay
ee
(Pimen a
acemosa),
jumbie
candle
(Pipe
spp.),
penny
piece
(Pou e ia
mul i lo a),
gua a
(Psidium
gua-
ja a),
soap
be y
(Sapindus
sapona ia),
hog
plum
(Spondias
mombin),
and
almond
(Te -
minalia
ca appa).
I
he
ui
is
la ge,
he
ba
ea s
i
while
hanging
on
he
ee;
i
small,
he
ui
is
plucked
and
ca ied
by
he
ba
o
a
empo a y
oos ,
called
a
"diges ing
place,"
o
be
ea en.
The
choice
o
hese
eeding
s a-
ions
a ies.
One
a o ed
spo
appea s
o
be
mosqui o
ne s,
and
he
ba s
d op
deb is
down
he
sides
o
people's
beds.
Some
ui
is
ca ied
o
he
egula
day ime
oos .
In
cap i i y
he
ba
h i es
on
a
wide
a ie y
o
ui .
I
is
a
was e ul
eede
bu
is
impo an
in
he
na u al
dissemina ion
o
a
g ea
many
ui s
and
seeds.
PARASITES:
Jobling
(1949,
p.
322)
epo s
he
ollowing
species
o
he
S eblidae
(ba
lies)
om
T inidad
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a:
T ichobius
dugesii,
Speise ia
ambigua,
and
Euc enodes
mi abilis.
The
T inidad
Regional
Vi us
Labo a o y
(1958,
p.
94)
lis s
he
ol-
VO
L.
12
2
250
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
lowing
species
o
he
S eblidae
(ba
lies)
om
T inidad
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a:
T i-
chobius
pa asi icus.
B ennan
and
Jones
(1960,
p.
538)
epo
he
ollowing
species
o
he
T ombiculidae
(chigge s)
om
T inidad
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a:
Beame ella
acu ascu a,
Euschdngas ia
anops,
E.
colombiae,
E.
des-
modus,
and
T ombicula
espe uginis.
DISEASE:
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
is
one
o
he
ba s
ha
is
equen ly
ound
o
be
in ec ed
wi h
abies
on
T inidad
and
one
o
he
species
mos
commonly
ound
in
oos s
wi h
abies-
posi i e
Desmodus.
No
abies-posi i e
speci-
mens
ha e
been
eco ded
om
Tobago.
His oplasma
capsula um
was
isola ed
om
ee
oos s
occupied
by
Saccop e yx
bilinea a
and
Desmodus.
REMARKS:
A
specimen
om
he
Heigh s
o
Guanapo
is
a
pa ially
albino
subadul
e-
male,
wi h
whi e
wings
and
unde
pa s
ex-
ensi ely
whi e.
An
o -colo
specimen
om
A ima
is
Tawny-Oli e,
wi h
ligh -colo ed
ea s
and
lying
memb ane.
A
cap i e
Ca ollia
was
bi en
by
a
Desmodus
on
he
back,
lea -
ing
a
small
wound
ha
sca i ied.
Fou
days
la e ,
he
hai
d opped
om
he
a ea,
lea ing
a
ba e
spo
40
mm.
by
25
mm.
SUBFAMILY
STURNIRINAE
MILLER
HAIRY-LEGGED
TAILLESS
BATS
Medium-sized,
obus
ba s
wi h
no
ex-
e nal
ail,
calca
udimen a y;
in e emo al
memb ane
e y
na ow
and
well
hai ed.
KEY
TO
THE
SPECIES
AND
SUBSPECIES
OF
THE
STURNIRINAE
OF
TRINIDAD
AND
TOBAGO
Pelage
bicolo ed,
hai
bu y
om
base
and
ipped
wi h
da k
b own;
c owns
o
uppe
mola s
oc-
cupied
by
a
deep,
longi udinal
g o e;
leng h
o
o ea m,
40.5-43.6
.
.
S u ni a
lilium
lilium
Pelage
icolo ed,
dusky
a
base,
ollowed
by
a
pale
bu y
band
and
ipped
wi h
da k
b own;
c owns
and
uppe
mola s
occupied
by
a
shallow,
longi udinal
g oo e;
leng h
o
o ea m,
45.1-
46.0
.S u ni a
ildae
GENUS
STUIRA
GRAY
EPAULET
BATS
S u ni a
GRAY,
1842,
Ann.
Mag.
Na .
His .,
ol.
10,
p.
257.
Type,
S u ni a
spec um
G ay
[=
Phyllos oma
lilium
.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e].
Pa ch
o
s i
yellowish
o
eddish
hai s
on
shoulde s
ma king
glandula
openings.
RANGE:
Tamaulipas
and
Jalisco,
Mexico,
Jamaica
and
island
o
Dominica
in
he
Wes
Indies,
sou h
o
he
Guianas,
Ecuado ,
Pe u,
A gen ina,
and
possibly
Chile.
Two
species
a e
eco ded
om
T inidad.
SUBGENUS
STURNIRA
GRAY
SHORT-FACED
EPAULET
BATS
S u ni a
GRAY,
1842,
Ann.
Mag.
Na .
His .,
ol.
10,
p.
257.
Type,
S u ni a
spec um
G ay
[=Phyllos oma
lilium
.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e].
Di e ing
om
he
subgenus
S u ni ops
Goodwin
in
ha ing
a
sho e
and
b oade
skull,
wi h
he
in e o bi al
egion
no
elon-
ga ed.
S u ni a
lilium
ilium
(:.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e)
PARAGUAYAN
YELLOW-SHOULDERED
BAT
Pla e
22,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
53-55
Phyllos oma
lilium
P.
GEOFFROY-SAINT-HIL-
AIRE,
1810,
Ann.
Mus.
d'His .
Na .
Pa is,
ol.
15,
p.
181.
S u ni a
lilium,
GERVAIS,
1855
[1856],
Mam-
mi e es,
in
Cas elnau,
Expedi ion
dans
les
pa ies
cen ales
d
l'Ame ique
du
Sud,
...
p .
7,
Zoologie,
ol.
1,
p.
39.
S u ni a
lilium
lilium,
GOLDMAN,
1917,
P oc.
Biol.
Soc.
Washing on,
ol.
30,
p.
116.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Pa aguay.
RANGE:
T inidad;
No he n
Range,
bu
he
dis ibu ion
may
be
wide .
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized
ba
wi h
sho
ea s,
no mal
nose
lea ,
no
ex-
e nal
ail,
in e emo al
memb ane
e y
na ow
and
well
u ed;
hind
limbs
and
ee
hai ed
o
base
o
oes
( ig.
54);
o ea m
ligh ly
u ed;
pelage
ela i ely
sho ,
so ,
and
ull.
DESCRIPTION:
Colo
o
an
adul
male
om
T inidad:
uppe
pa s
Mummy
B own,
he
FIG.
53.
F on
iew
o
head
o
S u ni a
lilium
lilium.
X
1
.
1961
251
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
54.
Do sal
iew
o
hind
limbs
o
S u ni a
lilium
lilium,
showing
hai y
limbs
and
ee .
hai s
Pinkish
Bu
om
base
and
b oadly
ipped
wi h
Mummy
B own;
shoulde
pa ches
Russe ;
unde
pa s
Sacca do's
Umbe .
Skull
sho
and
ounded;
os um
sho
and
b oad;
sagi al
c es
inely
de el-
oped;
inne
uppe
inciso s
la ge,
wi h
c owns
highe
han
long;
ou e
uppe
inciso s
low
and
ba ely
ex ending
abo e
cingulum
o
canines,
longe
han
high;
lowe
inciso s
small,
closely
c owded
be ween
canines,
hei
cu ing
edges
iloba e;
uppe
p emola s
wi h
a
iangula
ou e
cusp,
s yles
sligh ly
de eloped,
and
a
small
pos e io
cusp;
uppe
mola s
quad a e
in
ou line
and
sligh ly
b oade
han
long,
he
main
po ion
o
he
c owns
occupied
by
a
deep
longi udinal
g oo e
( ig.
55),
second
mola
smalle
han
i s ,
hi d
mola
abou
one- hi d
o
he
size
o
second.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
2-2;
canines,
11;
p emola s,
2
I2;
mola s,
3-3
2-32;
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Adul
male
and
emale
om
T inidad,
and
wo
adul
males
om
Sapacay,
Pa aguay
(in
pa en-
heses):
Leng h
o
o ea m,
43.6, 40.5,
(42.5,
FIG.
55.
Uppe
ee h
o
S u ni a
lilium
lilium,
showing
deep
g oo e
on
c owns
o
mola s
and
on
iew
o
inciso s.
43.3).
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
22.5,
21.8
(22.1,
22.6);
zygoma ic
b ead h,
13.5,
13.2
(13.7,
14.0);
b ead h
o
b aincase,
10.35,
10.1
(10.4,
10.4);
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
6.0,
5.8
(6.0,
6.1);
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M8,
6.7,
6.5
(6.7,
6.9).
Weigh s:
One
male,
19.3;
one
emale,
16.1.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Wa e
Fall
Road,
Ma acas,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Gua-
yaguaya e,
Maya o
Coun y,
wo
(U.F.);
15
4-mile
ma k
on
Chu chill-Roose el
High-
way,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
S u ni a
no mally
oos
in
hollow
ees,
bu
one
specimen
was
ound
in
a
ca e,
and
o he s
ha e
been
aken
in
houses.
The
wo
Ame ican
Museum
o
Na u al
His o y
specimens
we e
apped
in
mis
ne s.
BREEDING:
The
shoulde
glands
on
a
male
aken
on
Ma ch
21,
1958,
discha ged
a
s ong,
swee ish,
musky
odo .
FOOD:
F ui ;
he
T inidad
specimens
had
some
uniden i ied
ui
seeds
in
he
s omach.
REMARKS:
S u ni a
lilium
is
a
wide- anging
species
ep esen ed
by
se e al
geog aphical
o ms.
The
subspeci ic
s a us
o
he
T inidad
specimens
is
p o isional,
pending
a
e iew
o
he
genus
by
Luis
de
la
To e.
S u ni a
ildae
De
la
To e
TRINIDADIAN
YELLOW-SHOULDERED
BAT
Pla e
22,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu e
56
S u ni a
ildae
DE
LA
TORRE,
1959,
Na .
His .
Misc.,
Chicago
Acad.
Sci.,
no.
166,
p.
1.
252
VO
L.
12
2
253
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
TYPE
LOCALITY:
A ima
Valley,
T inidad,
Wes
Indies.
RANGE:
T inidad;
widely
dis ibu ed
bu
no
common.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
Simila
o
S u ni a
lilium
bu
la ge ,
smalle
han
S.
ludo ici,
and
di e ing
om
bo h
species
in
c anial
and
den al
cha ac e s.
DESCRIPTION:
Uppe
pa s
o
ype
Ches -
nu -B own,
he
hai s
long
and
silky,
wi h
a
e y
na ow
whi ish
band
a
base
ollowed
by
a
b oade
da k
g ayish
band,
hen
a
band
o
Pale
Pinkish
Bu ,
and
inally
ipped
wi h
Ches nu -B own;
unde
pa s
pale
oli e
b own
o
oo s
o
hai ;
shoulde
pa ches
Pale
Tawny.
Colo
and
pelage
o
an
adul
emale
om
Ma acas
Ri e
s ikingly
di e en
om
hose
o
ype,
bases
o
hai s
da ke
han
in
ype,
ligh
band
b oade
and
whi e ,
and
ips
o
hai s
Mummy
B own,
gi ing
pelage
a
s ongly
icolo ed
e ec .
Skull
la ge
han
ha
o
S.
lilium,
inne
uppe
inciso s
bilobed,
wi h
lobes
o
equal
size.
Lingual
cusps
o
uppe
mola s
indis inc
om
one
ano he
and
low
in
heigh ,
o ming
a
low
lingual
idge,
e-
sul ing
in
a
b oad,
shallow,
U-shaped,
oc-
clusal
su ace
( ig.
56),
o
shallow,
longi udi-
nal
g oo e
con as ing
wi h
he
ela i ely
deep
g oo e
in
lilium.
Second
uppe
mola
in
lilium
and
ludo ici
possessing
a
small
cusp
loca ed
pos e iomedially
om
la ge
pos e io
and
labial
cusp
o
oo h;
in
ildae
his
small
cusp
u he
educed
o
a
small
ube cle
con-
nec ed
by
a
low
idge
wi h
apex
o
an e io -
mos
labial
cusp.
Lowe
inciso s
ain ly
i-
lobed,
median
lobe
equal
in
heigh
o
la e al
lobes
o
oo h.
Thi d
uppe
and
lowe
mola s
p opo iona ely
la ge
in
ildae
han
in
lilium
o
ludo ici.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Two
adul
males
and
wo
adul
emales
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
45.8,
46.0,
45.1,
46.0.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
23.5,
24.4,
23.3,
23.2;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
14.1,
14.5,
13.9,
14.1;
FIG.
56.
Uppe
ee h
o
S u ni a
ildae,
showing
shallow
g oo e
on
c owns
o
mola s
and
on
iew
o
inciso s.
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
6.2,
6.4,
-,
6.3;
in e o bi al
b ead h
6.6,
6.7,
6.3,
6.4;
maxil-
la y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
7.1,
7.1,
7.1,
7.1.
Weigh s:
Adul
emale
(including
a
la ge
e us,
2.2),
25.6.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
A ima
Valley,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Ma acas
Ri e
nea
Wa e
Fall
Road,
Ma acas,
one
(A.M.N.H);
Plaisance,
Maya o
Bay,
one
(C.N.H.M.);
Rio
Cla o,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
FOOD:
The
Ma acas
Ri e
specimen
aken
Ma ch
12,
1958,
had
pu plish
ui
juice
in
i s
s omach.
BREEDING:
A
emale
aken
Ma ch
12,
1958,
con ained
a
la ge
e us.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
SUBFAMILY
STENODERMINAE
GILL
BROAD-FACED,
WHITE-LINED
BATS
Small
o
la ge-sized,
obus
ba s
wi h
a
sho ,
b oad
muzzle,
na ow
in e emo al
memb ane,
no
ex e nal
ail,
whi e
acial
o
median
do sal
lines
usually
p esen ,
absen
in
Cen u io
and
Ame ida,
mola
ee h
wi h
b oad
c ushing
su aces
and
well-de eloped
cusps
ising
om
la ened
c owns.
KEY
TO
THE
GENERA,
SPECIES,
AND
SUBSPECIES
OF
THE
STENODERMINAE
OF
TRINIDAD
AND
TOBAGO
1.
Face
naked
and
co e ed
wi h
leshy
de mal
ou g ow hs,
nose
lea
udimen a y
(leng h
o
o ea m,
43.5-44.5)
.
.
.
Cen u io
senex
Face
no
naked
o
co e ed
wi h
leshy
de mal
ou g ow hs,
nose
lea
no mal
.
.
..
.
.2
2.
Nasal
bones
absen
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
..
.3
Nasal
bones
p esen
..........
.
4
3.
Inne
uppe
inciso s
long,
placed
e ically
in
oo h
ow
(leng h
o
o ea m,
46.5-48.0)
.
..
. .
..
.
.
.
.Chi ode ma
illosum
Inne
uppe
inciso s
sho ,
placed
obliquely
in
oo h
ow;
leng h
o
o ea m,
40.5.
.
.
.. .
.
.
.
C
h
i
o
d
e
m
a
i
n
i
a
u
m
4.
Inne
uppe
inciso s
wi h
cu ing
edges
no ched
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
5
Inne
uppe
inciso s
wi h
cu ing
edges
en i e
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.9
5.
Uppe
inciso s
wi h
cu ing
edges
iloba e
(leng h
o
o ea m,
38.0-40.0).
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Vampy ops
helle i
Uppe
inciso s
wi h
cu ing
edges
biloba e.
.6
6.
Uppe
inciso s
c owded
be ween
canines
(leng h
o
o ea m,
40.0-43.0).
..
.
.
.
..
U ode ma
biloba um
biloba um
Uppe
inciso s
sepa a e
om
each
o he
and
om
canines
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
7
1961

BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
7.
Leng h
o
o ea m,
mo e
han
60
(64.5-
74.5).
. .
.
.
A ibeus
li u a us
palma um
Leng h
o
o ea m,
60
o
less
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
8.
Leng h
o
o ea m,
55.0-60.0.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
ibeus
jamaicensis
ini a us
Leng h
o
o ea m,
40.0-42.0.
.
.
....
A ibeus
cine eus
cine eus
9.
Uppe
inciso s
sepa a ed
by
a
space
om
each
o he
and
om
canines
.
.
.
. .
.
.
10
Uppe
inciso s
no
sepa a ed
by
a
space
om
each
o he
o
om
canines
(leng h
o
o e-
a m,
38.0-43.0)
.
.
.
.
Enchis enes
ha i
10.
Facial
and
do sal
s ipes
p esen ;
ee
no
hai y
(leng h
o
o ea m,
38.0-51.0)
.
.
.......
.
Vampy odes
ca accioloi
No
acial
o
do sal
s ipes
p esen ;
ee
hai y
(leng h
o
o ea m,
31.5-32.5)
.....
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.A
me ida
cen u io
GENUS
URODERMA
PETERS
TENT
BATS
U ode ma
PETERS,
1865,
Mona sbe .
P eus-
sischen
Akad.
Wiss.
Be lin,
p.
588.
Type,
Phyl-
los oma
pe sona um
Pe e s
[=
U ode ma
biloba um
Pe e s].
Yellow-ea ed
ba s
wi h
sha ply
de ined
acial
s ipes,
a
median
do sal
line,
and
bilo-
ba e
uppe
inciso s.
RANGE:
F om
he
Is hmus
o
Tehuan-
epec,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Pe u,
Boli ia,
and
Sao
Paulo,
B azil.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T inidad.
U ode ma
biloba um
biloba um
Pe e s
YELLOW-EARED
BAT
Pla e
23,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu es
57,
58
U ode ma
biloba um
PETERS,
1866,
Mona sbe .
P eussischen
Akad.
Wiss.
Be lin,
p.
394.
U ode ma
biloba um
biloba um
CABRERA,
1957,
Re .
Mus.
A gen ino
Cien.
Na .
"Be na dino
Ri ada ia,"
cien
zool.,
ol.
4,
no.
1,
p.
79.
FIG.
57.
F on
iew
o
head
o
U ode ma
biloba um
biloba um.
X
1.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Ipanema,
Sao
Paulo,
B azil.
RANGE:
T inidad;
no
uncommon.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized,
obus
ba
wi h
whi e
acial
s ipes
an
indis-
inc
do sal
line,
no mal
nose
lea ,
sho
ea s,
na ow,
V-shaped,
in e emo al
memb ane,
and
no
ex e nal
ail.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
g ayish
b own,
he
hai s
ligh
d ab
om
base
and
ipped
wi h
Bis e ;
a
pai
o
whi e
acial
s ipes
ex ending
om
sides
o
nose
lea
o
be-
ween
ea s,
ano he
pai
om
co ne s
o
mou h
o
base
o
ea s;
a
na ow,
indis inc ,
whi ish,
do sal
s ipe
on
lowe
back;
unde
pa s
pale
and
mo e
whi ish
han
back;
ma gin
o
ea s
yellowish
whi e.
Skull
long
and
a he
na ow,
wi h
a
sho ,
b oad,
deep
os um;
inne
uppe
inciso s
much
la ge
han
ou e ,
he
ou e
small
and
sca cely
eaching
he
cingulum
o
inne ,
all
ou
ee h
sepa a e
and
deeply
bilobed
( ig.
58);
lowe
inciso s
small
and
illing
space
be ween
canines;
pos e io
mola s
small,
bo h
abo e
and
below.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
22-2;
canines,
_1;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
3-3
=
32.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Subadul
male
and
ou
emales
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
40.0,
42.2-43.0.
Skull:
Subadul
male
and
wo
adul
emales:
g ea es
leng h,
23.1
-,
23.4;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
11.5,
,
13.4;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
5.9,
5.9,
5.5;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
8.1, 8.2,
8.1.
Weigh s:
One
male
and
h ee
emales
om
T inidad:
13.7,
18.5,
17.1,
18.3;
se en
males,
young
o
subadul ,
5.6-14.3;
nine
emales,
13.1-19.4,
including
one
imma u e,
13.1,
one
non-g a id,
16.7,
h ee
g a id,
18.6-19.0,
ou
lac a ing,
17.1-19.4.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
G an-
ille,
ou
(A.M.N.H.);
Guayaguaya e,
Rio
Cla o,
wo
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
In
T inidad
his
ba
is
known
o
oos
in
small
clus e s
o
10
o
mo e
indi iduals.
I
has
been
ound
on
he
unde
side
o
he
an-shaped
lea es
o
ce ain
palm
ees,
especially
he
ca a
palm
(Sabal
glau-
cescens),
a
all
palm
na i e
o
T inidad
which
eaches
50
ee
in
heigh .
The
ba
makes
a
se ies
o
cu s
ac oss
he
plea ed
su ace
o
a
lea ,
causing
hal o
he
lea
o
bend
a
an
angle
o
o m
a
p o ec ed
e ea .
One
adul
254
VOL.
12
2
255
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
FIG.
58.
F on
iew
o
uppe
inciso s
o
U o-
de ma
biloba um
biloba um,
showing
biloba e
cu -
ing
edges.
male
was
aken
Augus
27,
1958,
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Saccop e yx
bilinea a,
S.
lep u a,
A
ibeus
jamaicensis,
and
A.
li u a us.
BREEDING:
One
o
wo
emales
aken
Feb ua y
29,
1956,
in
he
high
woods
o
sou heas e n
T inidad
was
lac a ing,
and
h ee
g a id
and
h ee
lac a ing
emales,
ou
non-b eeding
males,
and
wo
non-g a id
e-
males
we e
aken
May
30,
1958,
om
unde
he
onds
o
a
coconu
palm
ee.
FOOD:
Examina ion
o
he
s omach
con-
en s
o
wo
specimens
indica ed
ha
hey
had
been
eeding
on
he
ui
o
a
wild
gua a
(Psidium
guaja a).
PARASITES:
B ennan
and
Jones
(1960,
p.
538)
epo
he
ollowing
species
o
he
T ombiculidae
(chigge s)
om
T inidad
U o-
de ma
biloba um:
Eu ombicula
ba a as.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
GENUS
VAMPYROPS
PETERS
BROAD-NOSED
BATS
Vampy ops
PETERS,
1865,
Mona sbe .
P eus-
sischen
Akad.
Wiss.
Be lin,
p.
356.
Type,
Phyl-
los oma
linea um
E.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e.
Tailless,
b oad-nosed
ba s
wi h
acial
and
do sal
lines
p esen ;
inne
uppe
inciso s
wi h
cu ing
edge
iloba e
o
en i e.
RANGE:
F om
Oaxaca,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Pe u
and
Minas
Ge ais,
B azil.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T inidad.
REMARKS:
He shko i z
(1958,
p.
613)
e-
placed
he
gene ic
name
Vampy ops
Pe e s,
1865,
wi h
Pla y hinus
Saussu e,
1860,
on
he
g ounds
ha
he
la e
name
has
p io i y.
De
la
To e
and
S a e
(1959,
pp.
1-2)
showed
ha
ac s
do
no
suppo
he
alidi y
o
his
change,
because
Pla y hinus
Saus-
su e,
1860,
is
a
junio
homonym
o
Pla y -
hinus
Fab icus,
1801.
Vampy ops
is
he e-
o e
used
he e
as
he
gene ic
name
o
he
spe-
cies
ound
on
T inidad.
Vampy ops
helle i
Pe e s
HELLER'S
BROAD-NOSED
OR
WHITE-LINED
BAT
Pla e
24,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
59-61
Vampy ops
helle i
PETERS,
1866,
Mona sbe .
P eussischen
Akad.
Wiss.
Be lin,
p.
392.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Mexico.
RANGE:
T inidad;
no
uncommon.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized,
obus
ba
wi h
whi e
acial
and
do sal
s ipes,
simila
in
ex e nal
appea ance
o
U ode ma
bu
in e emo al
memb ane
e y
na ow,
V-shaped,
and
densely
u ed;
o e-
a m
well
u ed
o
mos
o
i s
leng h;
hind
limbs
and
ee
mo e
o
less
u ed
o
claws;
no
ex e nal
ail.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
Snu
B own;
unde
pa s
pale
in
colo
han
back;
ma gins
o
ea s
yellowish,
me aca pal
o
second
digi
also
yellowish
in
li e
bu
ading
in
d y
skin;
a
pai
o
b oad
whi e
acial
s ipes
ex ending
om
nos ils
o
be ween
ea s;
a
second
pai
o
na owe
whi e
lines
om
co ne s
o
mou h
o
base
o
ea s;
a
na ow
whi e
s ipe
ex ending
om
op
o
head
down
middle
o
back.
Skull
much
like
ha
o
U o-
de ma;
uppe
inciso s
e y
unequal,
he
inne
mo e
han
wice
as
high
as
ou e ,
he
c owns
obliquely
se ,
in
con ac
a
ip,
he
cu ing
edges
i id
( ig.
61),
bu
he
cusps
may
be
los
h ough
wea .
Lowe
inciso s
small,
sub-
equal,
o ming
a
comple e
s aigh
line
be-
ween
canines,
cu ing
edges
ain ly
bi id;
hi d
uppe
and
hi d
lowe
mola s
p esen
bu
small.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
2-2
;
canines,
1-1;
p emola s,
2-2
;
mola s,
3-3
=
32.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Th ee
e-
males
and
one
male
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
FIG.
59.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Vampy ops
helle i.
X
10.
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
60.
La e al
iew
o
head
o
Vampy ops
helle i.
X1j.
o ea m,
38.3,
38.9,
38.0,
39.9.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
23.0,
-,
22.2,
22.7;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
12.6,
12.5,
12.0,
12.3;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
5.6,
5.6,
5.5,
5.3;
condylobasal
leng h,
21.3,
20.5,
20.4,
20.5;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-Mg,
8.5,
8.0,
7.7,
8.3.
Weigh s:
Fou
adul
males,
10.0,
10.7,
12.0,
14.7;
an
im-
ma u e
emale,
11.4.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Ma acas
Valley,
h ee
(A.M.N.H.);
Poin
Fo in,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Po -o -Spain,
one
(M.C.Z.);
Sp ing
Hill,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
FIG.
61.
F on
iew
o
uppe
inciso s
o
Vampy ops
helle i,
showing
iloba e
cu ing
edges.
GENERAL
HABITS:
Li le
is
known
abou
he
habi s
o
Vampy ops,
bu
hey
a e
p ob-
ably
much
he
same
as
hose
o
U ode ma.
Th ee
o
he
T inidad
specimens
we e
aken
inside
dwelling
houses;
wo,
unde
he
lea es
o
a
ca a
palm
(Sabal
glaucescens).
One
came
om
a
hollow
oli ie
ee
(Chuncoa
obo a a),
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Saccop e yx
lep u a,
Mic onyc e is
megalo is,
M.
minu a,
and
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a.
FoOD:
The
s omach
con en s
o
one
T ini-
dad
specimen
con ained
ui
pulp
and
uni-
den i ied
ui
seeds.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
GENUS
VAMPYRODES
THOMAS
WHITE-LINED
TAILLESS
BATS
Vampy odes
THOMAS,
1900,
Ann.
Mag.
Na .
His .,
se .
7,
ol.
5,
p.
270.
Type,
Vampy ops
ca ac-
ciolae
Thomas.
La ge,
b oad-nosed
ba s
e y
simila
o
Vampy ops
bu
wi h
wo
uppe
mola s
in-
s ead
o
h ee.
RANGE:
F om
Izabal,
sou heas e n
Gua e-
mala,
sou h
o
Pe u
and
no he n
B azil.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T inidad
and
Tobago.
Vampy odes
ca accioloi
ca accioloi
(Thomas)
TRINIDADIAN
WHITE-LINED
TAILLESS
BAT
Pla e
24,
igu es
4-6,
ex
igu es
62,
63
Vampy ops
ca acciolae
THOMAS,
1889,
Ann.
Mag.
Na .
His .,
se .
6,
ol.
4,
p.
167.
Vampy odes
ca accioloi,
CABRERA,
1957,
Re .
Mus.
A gen ino
Cien.
Na .
"Be na dino
Ri a-
da ia,"
cien.
zool.,
ol.
4,
no.
1,
p.
82.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
T inidad,
Wes
Indies.
RANGE:
T inidad;
no
common.
Tobago;
known
om
i e
specimens.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
a he
la ge,
o-
bus
ba
wi h
whi ish
acial
s ipes
and
a
median,
whi e,
do sal
line;
na ow
V-shaped
in e emo al
memb ane;
o ea m
and
hind
limbs
and
ee
hai y;
nose
lea
s ongly
de el-
oped;
no
ex e nal
ail.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
dull
g ayish
b own,
a he
ligh e
on
head
and
shoulde s;
unde
pa s
sca cely
pale
han
back;
a
pai
o
b oad
whi e
lines
ex end-
ing
om
nose
lea
o
be ween
ea s,
nea ly
ouching
each
o he
an e io ly;
a
na ow,
whi e,
do sal
s ipe
ex ending
om
op
o
head
down
middle
o
back
o
base
o
in e -
emo al
memb ane.
Skull
a he
la ge
and
s ong;
inne
uppe
inciso s
much
la ge
han
ou e
inciso s,
all
ou
ee h
sepa a ed
by
a
space
om
one
ano he ,
wi h
cu ing
edges
en i e
( ig.
63);
lowe
inciso s
in
a
s aigh
ow,
comple ely
illing
space
be ween
canines,
FIG.
62.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Vampy odes
ca accioloi
ca accioloi.
X1
.
256
VO
L.
12
2
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
FIG.
63.
F on
iew
o
uppe
inciso s
o
Vampy-
odes
ca accioloi
ca accioloi,
showing
simple
cu -
ing
edges.
he
cu ing
edges
bi id;
hi d
uppe
mola
absen .
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
2_2;
canines,
_1-;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
33
=
30.
MEASUREMENTS:
Type
(sex?),
a
emale
om
Po -o -Spain,
and
a
emale
om
Tobago:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
50.0, 51.2,
48.5.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
-,
24.7,
25.2;
zygo-
ma ic
b ead h,
16.8,
15.2,
16.0;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
6.2,
5.5,
6.0;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
9.8,
8.5,
9.2.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
Tobago:
Sca -
bo ough
Bo anic
Ga den,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Pigeon
Peak,
ou
(R.N.H.L.).
T inidad:
Po -o -Spain,
one
(M.C.Z.);
no
exac
local-
i y,
wo
(B.M.);
M .
A ipo,
wo
(B.M.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Li le
is
known
abou
he
habi s
o
his
ba .
A
clus e
o
ou
was
ound
hanging
om
he
sp eading
b anches
o
a
sh ub
a
Pigeon
Peak,
Tobago,
wi h
a
single
indi idual
a
sho
dis ance
om
he
clus e .
Two
we e
ound
oos ing
unde
a
palm
ond
a
M .
A ipo,
T inidad.
BREEDING:
A
emale
om
Tobago
aken
on
Sep embe
9,
1956,
was
non-g a id.
FoOD:
The
s omach
con en s
o
he
Tobago
specimen
e ealed
uniden i ied
ui .
DISEASE:
No
specimens
ha e
been
es ed
o
abies.
REMARKS:
Old ield
Thomas
ob iously
named
Vampy odes
ca acciolae
a e
he
col-
lec o ,
hough
he
did
no
speci ically
s a e
ha
he
named
he
species
o
Ca acciolo.
Thomas
(1893)
changed
he
speci ic
name
o
ca accioli
a e
he
lea ned
ha
he
collec o 's
name
was
Ca acciolo.
In
amending
he
name,
Thomas
should
ha e
changed
i
o
ca accioloi
and
no
ca accioli,
which
was
p obably
a
ypog aphical
e o .
The
T inidadian
o m
is
closely
allied
o
he
b igh e -colo ed
Amazonian
Vampy odes
o na a,
and
he
di e ences
be ween
he
wo
o ms
a e
o
subspeci ic
ank.
GENUS
CHIRODERMA
PETERS
BATS
WITHOUT
NASAL
BONES
Chi ode ma
PETERS,
1860,
Mona sbe .
P eus-
sischen
Akad.
Wiss.
Be lin,
p.
747.
Type,
Chi o-
de ma
illosum
Pe e s.
La ge,
b oad-nosed
ba s
simila
o
Vam-
py ops
and
Vampy odes,
bu
skull
wi hou
nasal
bones
and
wi h
only
wo
uppe
and
wo
lowe
mola s.
RANGE:
F om
Ve ac uz,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Minas
Ge ais,
B azil;
also
Colombia
and
Ecuado .
Two
species
a e
eco ded
om
T inidad,
and
one
is
om
Tobago.
Chi ode ma
illosum
illosum
Pe e s
GREATER
OR
PETERS'
WHITE-LINED
BAT
Pla e
25,
igs
4-6;
ex
igu es
64-66
Chi ode ma
illosum
PETERS,
1860,
Mona sbe .
P eussischen
Akad.
Wiss.
Be lin,
p.
748.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
San
Es eban,
Venezuela.
RANGE:
T inidad;
no
common.
Tobago;
no
common.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
a he
la ge,
o-
bus
ba
wi h
indis inc
acial
shapes
and
median
do sal
line;
in e emo al
memb ane
na ow,
V-shaped,
and
well
hai ed;
o ea m
well
hai ed;
no
ex e nal
ail;
nose
lea
b oad.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
a
emale
om
T inidad:
uppe
pa s
ligh
g ayish
b own;
unde
pa s
a
da ke
g ay
han
back;
an
indis inc
pai
o
na ow
whi e
lines
om
base
o
nose
lea
o
be ween
ea s;
median
do sal
line
indis inc .
Skull
la ge
and
b oad,
wi h
a
low
sagi al
c es ;
he
mos
ou s and-
ing
c anial
cha ac e
he
appa en
absence
o
FIG.
64.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Chi ode ma
illosum
illosum.
X
1i.
257
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
74.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Cen u io
senex.
X
1I.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
be ween
D ab
and
Sacca do's
B own,
a
whi e
spo
on
shoulde s;
unde
pa s
sligh ly
pale
han
back;
an
o -colo
specimen
is
Tawny
Oli e.
Skull
sho
and
b oad,
wi h
a
high,
a he
na ow
b aincase,
mode a ely
well-de-
eloped
sagi al
c es ,
i ually
no
os um,
pala e
sho
and
e y
wide
( ig.
75);
uppe
inciso s
small
and
o ming
a
discon inuous
ow
be ween
canines;
he
inne
inciso s
la ge
han
ou e ,
cu ing
edges
ising
o
a
poin
in
he
middle;
lowe
inciso
small,
low,
closely
c owded,
and
wi h
a
deep
no ch
in
he
middle.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
2-2
;
canines,
_ZI;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
22
=
28.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Fou
males
and
one
emale
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
44.4,
44.3,
44.0,
43.5,
44.0.
Skulls:
Th ee
males
and
one
emale:
g ea es
leng h,
19.0,
18.2,
18.3,
18.0;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
14.9,
15.0,
15.3,
14.5;
in e o bi al
cons ic-
ion,
5.0,
5.1, 5.2,
-;
condylobasal
leng h,
15.5,
15.6,
15.4,
15.5;
wid h
o
pala e
ac oss
M2-M2,
10.8,
11.0,
11.2,
-;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M2,
5.4,
5.5,
5.5,
5.5.
Weigh s:
Twel e
males,
17.9-27.5;
one
emale,
17.6.
FIG.
75.
Pala e
o
Cen u io
senex,
showing
o esho ened
os um.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
Tobago:
No
exac
locali y,
one
(B.M.);
T inidad:
Po -o -
Spain,
i e
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
This
ba
has
been
ound
oos ing
unde
he
lea es
o
a
mango
ee
and
ayo
(D acaena
sp.),
as
well
as
Pu anji a,
a
small
ee
-wi h
dense
oliage
and
no
local
name.
In
No embe ,
1958,
wo
males
we e
collec ed
om
a
Pu anji a
ee
in
Memo ial
Pa k,
Po -o -Spain;
nine
males
we e
aken
om
he
same
ee
in
No embe ,
1959,
and
12
mo e
males
du ing
1960.
A
ho ough
sea ch
o
he
a ea
e ealed
no
emales.
Cen u io
was
always
ound
by
ones
and
wos
in
he
same
ee
bu
ne e
mo e
han
h ee
we e
ound
oge he .
Specimens
ne ed
ali e
issued
a
powe ul
odo .
Roos ing
in
ees,
his
ba
co e s
i s
ace
wi h
a
lap
o
skin
om
he
chin.
Speci-
mens
in
cap i i y
slep
wi h
he
skin
o
he
chin
pulled
up
o e
he
ace
whe e
i
co e ed
he
op
o
he
head
and
ex ended
o e
he
laps
o
he
ea s
which
lie
la
ac oss
he
op
o
he
head.
A
li le
bump
on
he
c own
o
he
head
ac s
as
a
so
o
"doo s op,"
and
he
w inkled
chin
skin
is
s e ched
au
a
his
poin .
In
some
specimens
he e
a e
wo
ans-
lucen
a eas
in
he
middle
o
he
s e ched
acial
mask,
de oid
o
hai ,
which
co e
he
ba 's
eyes
and
p esumably
enable
i
o
see
ligh ,
and
pe haps
objec s,
e en
when
he
ace
is
co e ed.
I
was
possible
o
pull
his
skin
mask
away
om
he
ba 's
ace
and
o
see
ligh
and
mo ing
objec s
such
as
a
wa ed
inge
o
a
pencil
h ough
hese
anslucen
windows.
When
a oused,
he
ba
unsh ouds
i sel ,
and
he
skin
mask
co e ing
he
head
and
ace
slips
back
in
w inkled
olds
o
he
no mal
posi ion
unde
he
chin,
wi h
he
wo
windows
appea ing
as
bumps.
The
la ge
lap-
pe s
o
loose
skin
on
he
chin
o
he
males,
no
pa
o
he
mask,
p obably
con ain
scen
glands,
as
he e
is
a
dis inc ,
musky,
skunk-
like
odo
abou
he
head.
Cen u io
lies
wi h
a
somewha
wobbly,
je ky
mo ion
and
has
a
endency,
a
leas
in
close
qua e s,
o
ly
wi h
i s
body
e ical
o
he
g ound.
Col-
lec o s
say
ha ,
in
ligh ,
his
ba
esembles
a
la ge
bu e ly.
BREEDING:
Two
b eeding
males
we e
aken
in
No embe ,
1958,
while
in
No em-
be ,
1959,
six
b eeding
and
h ee
non-b eed-
ing
males
we e
aken-all
om
he
same
ee
264
VOL.
122

GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
in
Po -o -Spain.
A
emale
om
his
same
ee
ga e
bi h
o
a
single
young
in
Janua y,
1961.
A
non-g a id
emale
was
aken
a
Sipa ia
in
Oc obe ,
1958.
FOOD:
Yellow
ui
pulp
was
ound
in
he
s omachs
o
his
ba .
The
skin
be ween
he
lips
and
he
gum
line
is
co e ed
wi h
many
small
papillae,
which
may
se e
as
s aine s
when
he
ba
eeds
on
so
ui .
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
REMARKS:
Li e
specimens
o
Cen u io
kep
unde
obse a ion,
excep
o
ea ing
and
d inking
he
i s
nigh ,
e used
ood
bu
d ank
on
he
second
nigh .
Ve y
ipe
bananas
and
pawpaw,
diced
and
mashed,
we e
o e ed
as
ood,
bu
he
so
mushy
mix u e
was
p e-
e ed.
The
ba
appea ed
o
suck
up
he
mix-
u e.
When
he
ba 's
mou h
was
opened,
he
h oa
o i ice
was
seen
o
be
only
a
iny
ci cula
hole.
The
diame e
o
he
opening
measu ed
1.4
mm.
in
ou
specimens
and
1.3
mm.
in
one
specimen.
A
e y
ough
dissec-
ion
o
he
h oa
e ealed
ha
di ec lybe-
hind
he
i s
opening
he e
was
a
second
opening
joined
o
he
i s
and
app oxi-
ma ely
o
he
same
dimension.
This
second
opening
leads
in o
a
globula
sac
which
con-
s ic ed
owa ds
wha
was
hough
o
be
he
ube-like
esophagus.
GENUS
AMETRIDA
GRAY
LESSER
WRINKLED-FACED
BATS
Ame ida
GRAY,
1847,
P oc.
Zool.
Soc.
London,
p.
15.
Type,
Ame ida
cen u io
G ay.
Small,
b oad- aced
ba s
wi h
a
small
bu
no mally
o med
nose
lea ,
no
ex e nal
ail,
ace
hai y,
in e emo al
memb ane
and
ee
hai y.
Skull
wi h
os um
so
g ea ly
sho ened
ha
he
la
space
in
on
o
he
na es
is
wide
han
he
dis ance
be ween
he
canines;
b aincase
highly
domed
and
ising
s eeply
abo e
os um;
zygoma ic
a ches
expanded
and
ben
ou wa d
a
middle;
uppe
inciso s
e y
unequal;
he
inne
conical
and
ully
one- hi d
as
long
as
canines;
ou e
in-
ciso s
minu e,
la
c owned,
o
ain ly
no ched;
all
ou
inciso s
usually
sepa a ed
om
one
ano he
and
om
canines
by
a
small
space;
lowe
inciso s
small,
subequal
in
size,
wi h
a
dis inc
median
no ch
and
c owded
be ween
canines;
a
minu e
hi d
mola
p es-
en
on
each
side
o
uppe
and
lowe
jaws.
Two
species
a e
known:
A
me ida
cen u io
G ay
and
Ame ida
mino
H.
Allen.
RANGE:
T opical
egions
o
no he n
Sou h
Ame ica,
om
he
Amazon
egion
in
B azil
no h
o
he
Guianas,
Venezuela,
and
T ini-
dad.
Ame ida
cen u io
G ay
GRAY'S
LESSER
WRINKLED-FACED
BAT
Pla e
29,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu es
76,
77
Ame ida
cen u io
GRAY,
1847,
P oc.
Zool.
Soc.
London,
p.
15.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Pa ia,
B azil.
RANGE:
T inidad:
Gul
o
Pa ia.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
small,
dusky-
colo ed
ba
wi h
a
sho ,
b oad,
hai y
ace,
mode a ely
la ge,
ounded
ea s,
deeply
no ched
agus,
ele a ed
o ehead,
no
ex-
e nal
ail,
na ow,
V-shaped,
hai y,
in e -
emo al
memb ane,
hind
ee
well
hai ed.
Resembling
Cen u io
in
some
ex e nal
cha -
ac e s
bu
much
smalle
and
he
de elop-
men
o
de mal
ou g ow hs
on
he
ace
much
less
ex ensi e,
nose
lea
sho
and
b oad,
is-
ing
o
a
poin
a
ip.
DESCRIPTION:
Colo
o
uppe
pa s
dull
b ownish,
da kes
on
ump,
becoming
much
pale
on
head
and
shoulde s;
he
hai
Mummy
B own
a
base,
ollowed
by
a
b oad
band
o
Ligh
Bu
and
ipped
wi h
D esden
B own;
unde
pa s
uni o m
Oli e-
B own;
a
p ominen
whi e
spo
on
shoulde s
a
he
o igin
o
an eb achial
memb ane;
lips
ma gined
wi h
small,
ounded,
wa -like
ou -
g ow hs,
simila
ou g ow hs
occu ing
be-
ween
lips
and
nose
lea
and
a
V-shaped
g oup
o
wa s
a
lowe
lip
su ounding
a
small
cen-
al
wa .
Skull
wi h
g ea ly
sho ened
os-
FIG.
76.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Ame ida
cen u io.
X
13.
1961
265
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
77.
Pala e
o
Ame ida
cen u io,
showing
ex eme
educ ion
o
p e ygoids.
um,
e y
sho
nasals,
highly
domed
bu
na ow
b aincase;
he
skull
u he
cha -
ac e ized
by
he
p ac ical
absence
o
any
in e p e ygoid
space,
he
p e ygoids
being
di ec ed
almos
pe pendicula ly
ou wa d
and
he
choanae
opening
be ween
hem
a
ounded
e ical
ape u e
acing
backwa d,
cha ac e s
unique
in
Ame ican
ba s
( ig.
77).
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
2-2;
canines,
_l;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
3_3=
32.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
A
sub-
adul
emale
om
he
Gul
o
Pa ia,
T ini-
dad;
an
adul
emale
om
Ca ipi o,
Vene-
zuela;
and
an
adul
male
o
Ame ida
mino
om
Ka abo,
B i ish
Guiana
(in
pa en-
heses):
Leng h
o
o ea m,
31.7,
32.3
(24.8).
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
-,
16.2
(14.5);
condy-
lobasal
leng h,
-,
13.6
(11.9);
in e o bi al
wid h,
4.2,
4.3
(3.3);
mas oid
wid h,
-,
9.5
(8.9);
wid h
o
b aincase,
-,
8.3
(8.2);
zygo-
ma ic
wid h,
11.3,
11.5
(10.3);
wid h
o
os-
um,
-,
8.0
(7.1);
wid h
o
pala e
ac oss
Ml-Ml,
8.0,
8.3
(7.2);
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
4.6,
4.6
(4.3);
mandibula
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
5.0,
5.1
(4.5);
heigh
o
c anium,-,
10.5
(8.6).
SPECIMEN
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Gul
o
Pa ia,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
REMARKS:
No hing
has
been
published
on
he
habi s
o
his
ba .
The
p esen
specimen
was
ound
on
a
ma ine
oil-d illing
ba ge
ope a ing
a
a
loca ion
15
o
18
miles
om
land
and
midway
be ween
Chacachaca e
Island,
T inidad,
and
Poin
Ced os,
T ini-
dad.
I
was
said
o
ha e
been
aken
om
a
pipe
on
he
ba ge.
I
is
no
ully
g own,
as
he
epiphyseal
su u es
o
he
me aca pals
and
phalanges
a e
open.
The
skull
is
badly
c ushed,
bu
all
he
ee h
a e
ully
de eloped.
Two
indi iduals
o
A ibeus
li u a us
pal-
ma um
we e
caugh
on
he
same
s uc u e
a
abou
he
same
ime.
While
his
specimen
o
Ame ida
cen u io
was
no
ac ually
aken
on
he
island,
i
was
collec ed
well
wi hin
T ini-
dad
wa e s
and
is
he e o e
a
alid
eco d
o
be
included
in
he
auna
o
T inidad.
Ame ida
cen u io
G ay
is
e y
simila
in
ex e nal
and
c anial
cha ac e s
o
Ame ida
mino
(pl.
29,
igs.
7-9)
om
Su inam,
and
he
anges
o
he
wo
species
o e lap,
bu
i
can
always
be
dis inguished
om
he
la e
by
i s
longe
o ea m
and
la ge
skull.
FAMILY
DESMODONTIDAE
GILL
VAMPIRE
BATS
This
amily
includes
he
ue
ampi e
ba s
which
subsis
on
he
blood
o
animals
o
he
exclusion
o
o he
ood.
The
on
ee h
a e
highly
specialized
o
cu ing,
all
ace
o
c ushing
su aces
on
mola
ee h
being
ab-
sen ;
long
bones
o
wings
and
legs
g oo ed
o
accommoda ion
o
muscles;
nos ils
su -
ounded
by
de mal
ou g ow hs
o ming
a
udimen a y
nose
lea ;
no
ex e nal
ail;
h ee
bony
phalanges
on
hi d
inge ;
in e emo al
memb ane
educed
o
a
na ow
inge,
and
calca
udimen a y
o
absen .
KEY
TO
THE
GENERA
AND
SPECIES
OF
THE
DESMODONTIDAE
OF
TRINIDAD
AND
TOBAGO
Thumb
g ea ly
elonga ed,
wings
unicolo ed,
cu -
ing
edges
o
lowe
inciso s
biloba e
(leng h
o
o ea m,
52.1-59.6)
.
. .
.
Desmodus
o undus
Thumb
mode a ely
elonga ed,
ips
o
wings
con-
spicuously
whi e,
cu ing
edges
o
lowe
inciso s
en i e
(leng h
o
o ea m,
50.0-52.0).
.
....
.
......
..
Diaemus
youngi
GENUS
DESMODUS
WIED-NEUWIED
COMMON
VAMPIRE
BATS
Desmodus,
1826,
WIED-NEUWIED,
Bei iige
zu
Na u geschich e
on
B asilien,
ol.
2,
p.
231.
Type,
Desmodus
u us
Wied-Neuwied
[=
Phyllo-
s oma
o undum
.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e].
Desmodus
can
be
dis inguished
om
he
o he
ampi e
ba s
by
i s
g ea ly
elonga ed
humb
and
biloba e
lowe
inciso .
266
VOL.
12
2
267
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
RANGE:
F om
Sono a
and
Tamaulipas,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Valpa aiso,
Chile,
and
U uguay.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T ini-
dad.
Desmodus
o undus
o undus
(:.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e)
GEOFFROY'S
VAMPIRE
BAT
OR
SOUTH
AMERICAN
VAMPIRE
BAT
Pla e
28,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
78-80
Phyllos oma
o undum
.
GEOFFROY-SAINT-
HILAIRE,
1810,
Ann.
Mus.
d'His .
Na .,
Pa is,
ol.
15,
p.
181.
Desmodus
o undus,
THOMAS,
1901,
Ann.
Mag.
Na .
His .
se .
7,
ol.
8,
p.
193.
Desmodus
u us,
VESEY-FITzGERALD,
1936,
T op.
Ag .
Jou .
Imp.
College
T op.
Ag .,
T inidad,
ol.
13,
no.
6,
p.
161.
Desmodus
o undus
o undus,
HERSHKOVITZ,
1949,
P oc.
U.
S.
Na l.
Mus.,
ol.
99,
no.
3246,
p.
449.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Pa aguay.
RANGE:
T inidad;
widely
dis ibu ed
and
common.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized,
close- u ed
ba
wi h
a he
small,
sepa a e,
poin ed
ea s;
humb
g ea ly
elonga ed
( ig.
79),
abou
one- i h
as
long
as
hi d
digi ,
i s
me aca pal
wi h
a
sho ,
ounded
pad
a
base
and
a
mo e
elonga ed
pad
unde
ou e
hal ;
u
sho
and
close;
o ea ms
and
limbs
spa sely
hai ed;
calca
educed
o
a
wa -like
exc escence;
no
ex e nal
ail;
lowe
lip
deeply
g oo ed.
Females
usually
la ge
han
males.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
mos
T ini-
dad
specimens
da k
D ab,
he
unde
pa s
sligh ly
pale
han
back,
bu
he e
a e
ed,
gold,
and
o ange
colo
phases.
Skull
wi h
a
la ge,
smoo hly
ounded
b aincase,
e y
wide
FIG.
78.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Desmodus
o undus
o undus.
X
11.
FIG.
79.
G ea ly
elonga ed
humb
o
Desmodus
o undus
o undus.
pos e io ly;
os um
educed
o
a
me e
sup-
po
o
he
g ea ly
enla ged
inciso s
and
ca-
nines;
uppe
inciso s
la ge,
almos
comple ely
illing
space
be ween
canines,
hese
ee h
wi h
a
iangula
poin
and
long,
sha p,
cu ing
edges
( ig.
80);
lowe
inciso s
small
and
deeply
bilobed;
canines
la ge,
long,
and
acu ely
poin ed;
uppe
cheek
ee h
small,
sca cely
la ge
han
lowe
inciso s;
lowe
cheek
ee h
also
small.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
1
l;
canines,
_1-;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
11
=
20.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Fi een
males
and
16
emales
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
52.4-56.7,
56.7-59.6.
Skull:
Adul
male
and
emale:
g ea es
leng h,
23.4,
24.1;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
11.2,
12.2;
in e -
o bi al
cons ic ion,
5.5,
5.4;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M1,
3.4,
3.5.
Weigh s:
Nine y-six
males:
14.1-37.7;
104
emales,
17.4-46.6,
in-
cluding
35
non-g a id
emales,
17.4-39.6,
39
g a id
emales,
24.2-46.6,
and
30
lac a ing
emales,
24.4-40.4;
suckling
young:
se en
males,
6.7-9.9;
i e
emales,
7.1-13.0.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Apex,
Fyzabad,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Ben
Lomond,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Buenos
Ay es,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Ced os,
nine
(A.M.N.H.);
G an ille,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Pe i
Valley,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
G an s
T ace,
h ee
(A.M.N.H.);
Mandingo,
h ee
(A.M.N.H.);
Mo uga,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
O opuche,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
S .
John's,
ou
(A.M.N.H.);
San a
C uz,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
This
ampi e
ba
is
mos
equen ly
ound
oos ing
in
well-
ligh ed
small
ca es
bu
occu s
in
la ge
ca es
and
in
hollow
ees.
I
has
also
been
ound
oos ing
in
old
suga
mills,
disused
wells,
abandoned
machine y,
and
places
unde
b idges,
cul e s,
d ains,
and
buildings.
On
wo
di e en
occasions
500
ampi e
ba s
o
mixed
sexes
we e
aken
in
an
abandoned
Wo ld
Wa
II
ammuni ion
dump.
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
80.
La e al
iew
o
uppe
den i ion
o
Desmodus
o undus
o undus,
showing
g ea ly
en-
la ged
inciso
and
canine.
I
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Saccop e yx
bilinea a,
Noc ilio
lepo inus,
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa,
Mo moops
megal-
ophylla,
Mic onyc e is
megalo is,
M.
b achyo-
is,
M.
hi su a,
Phyllos omus
has a us,
Vam-
py um
spec um,
T achops
ci hosus,
Glosso-
phaga
so icina,
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a,
A ibeus
li u a us,
Na alus
umidi os is,
Loncho hina
au i a,
Anou a
geo oyi,
and
Desmodus
o undus.
BREEDING:
T inidad
specimens
o
Des-
modus
b eed
h oughou
he
yea .
G a id
and
lac a ing
emales
and
emales
wi h
young
ha e
been
aken
du ing
e e y
mon h
o
he
yea .
The
highes
incidence
o
young
appea s
du ing
Ap il,
May,
Oc obe ,
and
No embe .
A
sample
o
sexes
aken
om
an
a e age-
sized
oos
a
E in,
T inidad,
on
Feb ua y
2,
1957,
showed:
se en
adul
males,
13
non-
g a id
emales,
one
g a id
emale,
and
12
lac a ing
emales
wi h
i e
nu sing
males
and
se en
nu sing
emales.
A
emale
caugh
on
Ap il
10,
1957,
innocula ed
wi h
a
i us
and
kep
in
cap i i y,
ga e
bi h
o
a
single
young
on
July
2
a e
a
pe iod
o
84
days.
Bo h
sexes
ha e
been
ound
oge he
while
young
a e
p esen ,
bu
he e
is
e idence
ha
he
males
a e
ap
o
oos
sepa a ely
when
he
young
a e
bo n.
FoOD:
The
na u al
ood
o
he
ampi e
ba
is
he
blood
o
wild
animals
and
bi ds.
Wi h
he
a i al
o
man
and
he
in oduc ion
o
domes ic
s ock
on
T inidad,
he
ampi e
ba
has
been
p o ided
wi h
a
mo e
accessible
and
pala able
die .
I
is
mos
pa ial
o
he
blood
o
ca le
and
ho ses,
wi h
o he
li es ock,
such
as
goa s,
pigs,
poul y,
sheep,
and
dogs,
in
o de
o
p e e ence;
man
is
a
he
bo om
o
he
lis .
When
bi ds,
such
as
chickens,
u keys,
and
pigeons,
and
some imes
goa s,
a e
moles ed
in
one
pa icula
a ea,
ne ing
ope a ions
equen ly
show
ha
a
ba
o
he
genus
Diaemus
a he
han
one
o
Desmodus
is
he
culp i .
Indi idual
animals,
such
as
a
single
ho se
o
a
cow,
may
be
epea edly
a acked,
while
numbe s
o
simila
s ock,
ei he
in
he
same
g oup
o
in
he
same
icini y,
a e
no
bi en.
In
ea ly
1957,
one
lone
ho se
o
abou
50
s abled
a
he
Police
Ba acks
in
Po -o -
Spain
was
epea edly
singled
ou
and
bi en,
e en
hough
his
ho se
was
mo ed
o
a
di e -
en
s all
e e y
nigh
o
weeks.
Some
s alls
had
elec ic
illumina ion,
bu
ha
did
no
de e
he
ba .
Two
cows
pas u ed
in
he
Coco i e
dis ic
on
he
wes e n
edge
o
Po -
o -Spain
we e
bi en
nigh
a e
nigh
o
weeks,
ye
less
han
a
ci y
block
away
no
a
single
animal
in
a
he d
o
14
dai y
cows
was
oubled
du ing
he
same
pe iod.
I
seems
ha
ce ain
human
beings
may
be
singled
ou
and
bi en,
while
o he s
ha
ha e
slep
un-
p o ec ed
in
he
same
oom
a
he
same
ime
a e
no
moles ed.
Animals
housed
in
open
s alls
and
s ables
a e
equen ly
a acked
along
wi h
hose
animals
ha
a e
e he ed
unde
bushes
and
ees,
while
animals
in
open
pas u e
usually
seem
o
enjoy
some
deg ee
o
eedom.
The
wound
made
by
a
ampi e
is
an
ellip-
ical
o
no
qui e
ci cula ,
scoop-like
incision
made
by
he
azo -sha p
uppe
inciso
ee h
and
is
usually
painlessly
in lic ed.
La ge
ani-
mals
a e
mos
equen ly
bi en
on
he
neck,
shoulde s,
o
lanks,
bu
ca le
ha e
been
bi en
a
he
base
o
he
ho ns,
he
base
and
ip
o
he
ea s,
he
anal
egion,
and
be ween
he
hoo es.
The
Asia ic
Wa e
Bu alo
(Bubalus),
locally
called
"bison,"
is
o en
bi en
inside
he
nos ils.
Swine
a e
a acked
on
he
nose
and
ea s,
and
sows
su e
se e ely
om
being
epea edly
bi en
on
he
ea s
which
may
become
so
sca i ied
ha
hei
milk
canno
low
and
he
young
pigs
canno
nu se.
Sleeping
dogs
ha e
been
bi en
on
he
nose
and
ea s.
Indi idual
owl
and
pigeons
ha e
been
exsanguina ed
in
a
single
nigh ,
and
bi es
ha e
been
obse ed
on
he
comb,
he
base
o
he
neck,
he
unde
su ace
o
he
oes,
he
legs,
and
he
anus.
Humans
ha e
been
bi en
on
he
ips
o
he
inge s,
he
268
VOL.
122
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
oes,
he
nose,
he
ea s,
he
elbows,
jus
abo e
he
eyeb ows,
and
on
he
lips.
The
habi s
o
he
ampi e
ba
ha e
been
desc ibed
by
Villa
(1957,
pp.
341-342).
A e
he
wound
is
made,
he
ba
applies
i s
ongue
o
he
blood
as
i
lows.
The
la e al
edges
o
he
ongue
u n
downwa d
o
p o-
duce
a
conca e
unde
su ace,
which,
in
con-
junc ion
wi h
he
deep
g oo e
in
he
middle
o
he
lowe
lip,
o ms
a
ube
h ough
which
he
blood
mo es.
While
eeding,
he
ongue
is
ex ended
and
is
usually
s a iona y,
and
he
uppe
su ace
emains
comple ely
ee
o
blood.
The
ba 's
ches
and
h oa
mo emen s
clea ly
indica e
ha
he
blood
is
lowing
o
he
diges i e
ac .
F om
ime
o
ime,
he
ongue
may
be
seen
o
make
in-and-ou
lapping
mo ions
which
a e
hough
o
p o-
duce
a
pa ial
acuum
in
he
buccal
ca i y
and
u he
assis
he
blood
low.
The
junio
au ho
has
obse ed
ha ,
when
he
blood
low
lessens,
he
ongue
ip
may
agi a e
he
wound
su ace
o
s imula e
he
low.
A
ampi e
may
consume
such
la ge
quan-
i ies
o
blood
ha
i
is
incapable
o
ligh
and
alls
om
he
side
o
i s
ic im
o
he
g ound.
Se e al
ha e
been caugh
a e
a
chase
on
he
g ound
in
his
appa en ly
ligh -
less
condi ion.
A e
eeding,
a
ampi e
usu-
ally
e ea s
o
a
empo a y
shel e
o
"di-
ges ing
place,"
usually
a
a
low
le el
such
as
unde
s eps
o
b idges,
on
a
doo
ame,
in
unnels,
o
on
ees.
Du ing
he
day,
hese
empo a y
oos s
a e
ne e
occupied,
bu
e idence
o
esh
blood
d oppings
indica e
ha
ba s
ha e
ed
in
he
icini y.
Pe manen
oos s
can
be
ecognized
by
he
much
la ge
quan i ies
o
d oppings,
which
a e
a y
in
subs ance,
s ain
he
skin
and
clo hes
as
does
a ,
and
a e
always
accompanied
by
a
s ong
odo
o
ammonia.
Indi iduals
o
Desmodus
will
li e
o
many
yea s
in
cap i i y
i
ed
upon
de ib ina ed
blood,
and
T apido
(1946,
pp.
218-219)
e-
po ed
one
ha
li ed
o
12
yea s
and
nine
mon hs.
A
ampi e
can
consume
in
a
single
nigh
app oxima ely
wo
ounces
o
blood.
I
is
en i ely
possible
ha
a
cow
would
yield
his
quan i y
pe
bi e
o
one
ba
in
a
nigh ,
including
he
quan i y
ha
gene ally
con-
inues
o
low
om
he
wound
a e
he
ba
has
comple ed
i s
meal.
Single
cows
ha e
been
obse ed
in
T inidad
which
ha e
had
as
many
as
12
di e en
bi es
in lic ed
du ing
one
nigh ,
plus
49
ecen
wounds,
while
on
he
bo de
be ween
B i ish
Guiana
and
B azil
he
junio
au ho
obse ed
one
s ee
ha
had
been
bi en
mo e
han
30
imes
in
a
single
nigh .
I
has
been
es ima ed
ha
one
cap i e
ampi e
consumes
abou
i e
and
h ee-
qua e
gallons
o
blood
in
a
yea .
Du ing
1959,
app oxima ely
1800
ampi e
ba s
we e
collec ed
in
T inidad.
The e o e,
he
assump-
ion
is
made
ha
hese
ba s,
while
ee,
could
unde
a o able
condi ions
be
esponsible
o
a
maximum
loss
o
10,350
gallons
o
blood
du ing
he
yea !
PARASITES:
Jobling
(1949,
p.
322)
epo s
he
ollowing
species
o
he
S eblidae
(ba
lies)
om
T inidad
Desmodus
o undus:
T ichobius
pa asi icus,
Euc enodes
mi abilis,
and
S ebla
espe ilionis.
The
T inidad
Re-
gional
Vi us
Labo a o y
(1958,
p.
94)
lis s
he
ollowing
species
o
he
S eblidae
(ba
lies)
om
T inidad
Desmodus
o undus:
T ichobius
dugesii
and
T ichobius
pe spicil-
la us;
and
o
he
Ixodidae
( icks):
O ni ho-
do os
az eci.
B ennan
and
Jones
(1960,
p.
538)
epo
he
ollowing
species
o
he
T ombiculidae
(chigge s)
om
T inidad
Desmodus
o undus:
Euschdngas ia
colombiae,
E.
megas y ax,
T ombicula
longicalca ,
T.
peca i,
T.
saccop e yx,
T.
espe uginis,
and
Wha onia
nudose osa.
DISEASE:
In
T inidad
he
ampi e
ba
is
he
p incipal
ca ie
and
ansmi e
o
abies.
Pawan
(1936b,
p.
402)
epo ed
ha
ampi e
ba s,
ei he
wi h
o
wi hou
he
ex-
e nal
symp oms
o
abies
a e
na u al
o
a i icial
in ec ion,
a e
capable
o
ansmi -
ing
abies
up
o
i e
and
one-hal
mon hs,
and
hey
can
also
eco e
om
he
u ious
o m
o
he
disease
o
sp ead
in ec ion
o
p olonged
pe iods.
Recen ly
one
abies-posi-
i e
Desmodus
unde
obse a ion
su i ed
o
10
mon hs
in
cap i i y.
In
T inidad,
abies
ou b eaks
seem
o
s a
owa ds
he
end
o
he
ainy
season,
when
he
p ecipi a ion
is
p olonged
and
in-
ense
(Sep embe
o
Decembe ).
A
pe iod
o
subsidence
ollows
du ing
he
beginning
o
he
d y
season
(Janua y
o
Ma ch).
A
he
onse
o
he
nex
ainy
season,
a ound
June
and
July,
ou b eaks
ecu ,
gene ally
in ensi y
as
he
ains
become
hea ie ,
and
may
con-
269
1961

BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
inue
in o
he
ollowing
yea .
F om
a
ca e ul
analysis
o
pas
ou b eak
pa e ns
and
a
close
s udy
o
ba
beha io ,
especially
among
he
ampi e
ba
popula-
ion,
i
has
been
possible
o
p edic ,
wi h
a
ai
deg ee
o
accu acy,
when
and
whe e
abies
ou b eaks
will
occu
among
he
non-
immunized
po ion
o
he
ca le
popula ion.
A
p edic ion
was
made
in
la e
1958
ha
1959
would
be
a
majo
epidemic
yea .
The
appea ance
o
abies
in
Oc obe
and
No embe ,
1953,
among
he
ca le
o
Sipa ia
pa alleled
he
appea ance
o
abies
among
he
ca le
o
Sipa ia
in
Oc obe
and
No em-
be ,
1958.
The
las
hea y
epidemic
o
abies
in
T inidad
occu ed
du ing
1954.
In
1955
he e
we e
22
con i med
cases
in
ca le;
h ee
con i med
cases
in
1956;
and
h ee
con i med
cases
in
1957.
Du ing
Oc obe
and
No em-
be ,
1958,
he e
we e
i e
con i med
cases
and
h ee
uncon i med
cases
(clinical
symp-
oms)
in
he
Sipa ia
dis ic .
A
ue
pic u e
o
a
abies
ou b eak
canno
be
based
on
he
numbe
o
con i med
labo a o y
cases
o
a
numbe
o
easons.
Fo
example,
li es ock
owne s
ei he
do
no ,
o
a e
eluc an
o,
e-
po
hei
li es ock
losses
o
he
au ho i ies,
o
he
animals
may
die
in
some
emo e
o
isola ed
a ea
and
canno
be
loca ed.
In
addi-
ion,
i ine an
bu che s
eadily
pu chase
sick,
dying,
o
dead
animals
and
sell
he
mea
in
dis ic s
whe e
he e
is
no
p ope
mea
inspec ion.
A
he
s a
o
he
abies
epidemic
in
Poin
Fo in
in
1959,
one
con-
i med
case
was
epo ed
on
Sep embe
17,
while
aceable
bu
uncon i med
cases
num-
be ed
73.
The
ac ual
coun
would
p obably
ha e
been
app oxima ely
100
o
mo e.
Exclusi e
o
he
cases
in
Sipa ia
and
Poin
Fo in,
o he
dea hs,
all
con i med,
occu ed
among
ca le,
donkeys,
goa s,
and
pigs,
in
abou
a
dozen
di e en
dis ic s
o e
T ini-
dad,
he
mos
impo an
occu ing
in
Toco
and
he
Fishing
Pond
a ea
o
Manzanilla,
bo h
in
he
no heas e n
po ion
o
he
island.
Many
coun y
people
o
peasan s
in
T ini-
dad,
when
ques ioned
abou
wounds
ha
had
ob iously
been
in lic ed
on
hem
by
am-
pi e
ba s,
equen ly
and
esolu ely
s a e
ha
hey
had
been
bi en
by
a
soucouyan ,
a
blood-sucking
supe na u al
jumbie,
o
e il
spi i ,
well
known
in
T inidad
olklo e.
The
soucouyan
is
usually
an
old
woman,
who
a
nigh
sheds
he
skin,
gene ally
hiding
i
unde
a
mo a ,
and
lies
o
h ough
he
ai
as
a
ball
o
i e.
She
can
only
pass
h ough
a
key-
hole
o
a
c ack
in
he
house
and,
as
does
he
ampi e
ba ,
a acks
some
pe son
o
he
nigh ly
meal
o
blood.
The e
a e
se e al
me hods
o
apping
his
jumbie.
One
is
o
loca e
he
shed
skin
and
sp inkle
ho
peppe
on
i
which
may
bu n
he
soucouyan
o
dea h
when
she
e u ns
and
eplaces
he
skin.
A
less
d as ic
me hod
is
o
sca e
se e al
pounds
o
ice
ou side
he
house
which
she
mus
coun ,
g ain
by
g ain,
be o e
she
can
e-en e .
I
he
jumbie
is
caugh
wi hou
he
skin,
he
il-
lage s
may
decide
o
dispose
o
he
soucouyan
by
placing
he
in
a
nail-spiked
ba el
ull
o
a
and
hen
oll
he
ba el
in o
he
ocean.
Comple e
household
p o ec ion
may
be
a o ded
by
he
elimina ion
o
keyholes
and
he
illing
in
o
all
c acks
in
he
house.
His oplasma
capsula um
has
been
isola ed
om
ee
oos s
o
Desmodus
o undus
in
associa ion
wi h
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
and
Saccop e yx
bilinea a.
GENUS
DIAEMUS
MILLER
AVIAN
VAMPIRE
BATS
Diaemus
MILLER,
1906,
P oc.
Biol.
Soc.
Wash-
ing on,
ol.
19,
p.
84.
Type,
Desmodus
youngi
Jen ink.
Vampi e
ba s
simila
o
Desmodus,
bu
humb
sho e ,
ips
o
wings
whi e,
and
cu -
ing
edges
o
lowe
inciso s
en i e.
RANGE:
F om
Venezuela,
he
Guinas,
and
T inidad
o
Pe u;
Pa ana
and
Sao
Paulo,
B azil.
The
genus
is
p obably
mono ypic.
I
is
eco ded
om
T inidad.
Diaemus
youngi
(jen ink)
SPOTTED
OR
WHITE-WINGED
VAMPIRE
BAT
Pla e
28,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu es
81,
82
Desmodus
youngi
JENTINK,
1893,
No es
Leyden
Mus.,
ol.
15,
p.
282.
Diaemus
youngi,
MILLER,
1906,
P oc.
Biol.
Soc.
Washing on,
ol.
19,
p.
84.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Be bice,
B i ish
Guiana.
RANGE:
T inidad;
no
uncommon.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized,
obus
ba ,
wi h
sho
ea s;
humb
enla ged
( ig.
82);
no
ex e nal
ail;
in e emo al
mem-
b ane
na ow
and
hai ed;
hind
ee
hai y
o
base
o
claws;
calca
absen .
Diaemus
is
270
VOL.
12
2
271
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
FIG.
81.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Diaemus
youngi.
X
13.
simila
o
Desmodus
in
gene al
ex e nal
cha -
ac e s,
bu
he
humb
is
much
less
elonga ed,
he
eyes
a e
la ge ,
and
he
ips
o
he
wings
a e
whi e.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
P ou 's
B own,
becoming
ligh e
on
shoulde s
and
sides
o
head;
unde
pa s
abou
colo
o
back;
ips
and
ou e
edges
o
wings
c eamy
whi e.
Skull
simila
o
ha
o
Desmodus
bu
la ge
and
wi h
a
la ge
b aincase.
Tee h
as
in
Desmodus
excep
lowe
inciso s
less
dis-
inc ly
pai ed, hei
ips
cu ing
sligh ly
in-
wa d,
cu ing
edges
o
he
ou e
en i e;
inne
oo h
iloba e
du ing
ea ly
s ages
o
de el-
opmen ;
pos e io
uppe
mola
minu e,
o en
absen .
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
l
l;
canines,
11;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
1-1
o
1Il
=22
o
20.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Two
adul
emales
and
one
adul
male
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
50.5, 51.9,
50.0.
Skull:
Adul
emale
and
male:
g ea es
leng h,
24.0,
23.3;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
13.9,
13.4;
in e -
o bi al
cons ic ion,
5.9,
6.0;
b ead h
o
b aincase,
12.8,
12.6;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M2,
3.6,
3.4.
Weigh s:
Ten
males,
31.7-
41.3;
i e
emales,
37.5-48.1,
including
wo
g a id
emales,
46.2,
48.1.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Sipa ia,
h ee
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Diaemus
oos s
in
colonies
o
up
o
30
indi iduals.
This
ba
has
been
ound
in
a
hollow
immo elle
ee
(E y h ina
mic op e yx),
and
a
single
speci-
men
was
aken
in
a
well-ligh ed
ca e.
I
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Sac-
cop e yx
bilinea a
and
Desmodus
o undus.
Ba s
o
he
genus
Diaemus
a e
swi
and
de-
libe a e
in
ligh ,
and
du ing
ligh
he
whi e
ips
and
ma gins
o
he
wings
can
be
clea ly
seen.
When
dis u bed,
his
ba
opens
i s
mou h
and
can,
a
will,
b ing
o
he
commis-
su es
o
he
mou h
wo
cup-shaped
glands.
The
glands
seem
o
ill
he
ba 's
mou h,
and,
when
u he
dis u bed,
he
s oma
o
he
glands
can
be
di ec ed
o wa d
and,
wi h
he
accompanimen
o
a
noisy
"pss ,"
emi
a
powe ul
and
peculia
odo
which
is
o ensi e
and
nausea ing
o
many
people.
Vic o
C.
Quesnel
o
he
Colonial
Mic obiological
Re-
sea ch
Ins i u e,
T inidad,
who
made
ex-
ac ion
es s,
ound
se e al
common
amino-
acids
and
an
uniden i ied
sulphu -con aining
compound.
A
bu anol
ex ac ion
es
sug-
ges ed
ha
he
odo
o
he
sec e ion
may
be
pleasan
in
i sel
bu
ha
i
may
be
masked
by
unpleasan
odo s
p oduced
in
he
"cup"
o
he
glands.
BREEDING:
A
b eeding
colony
o
mixed
sexes
o
an
es ima ed
30
indi iduals
was
ound
in
a
hollow
ee.
An
imma u e
male,
ou
b eeding
males,
one
lac a ing
emale,
one
non-g a id
emale,
and
one
non-lac a ing
emale
we e
aken
oge he
on
Oc obe
28,
1958.
Two
lac a ing
emales
each
wi h
a
single
young
male
we e
aken
on
Augus
23,
1954;
one
o
he
young
was
es ima ed
o
be
abou
wo
weeks
o
age,
he
o he
abou
wo
mon hs.
FoOD:
Diaemus
eeds
on
he
blood
o
mam-
mals
and
bi ds.
Obse a ions
indica e
ha
i
p e e s
a ian
blood
o
mammalian
blood.
The
i s
specimen
aken
in
T inidad
was
killed
while
a acking
a
owl
in
a
ee.
When
a
colony
o
Diaemus
was
educed
in
sou h
T inidad,
he
a acks
on
poul y
by
ampi e
ba s
in
he
same
a ea
we e
educed
a
he
same
ime.
A
dead
specimen
was
ound
beside
a
goa
ha
had
been
epea edly
bi en
by
a
ba
and had
had
s ychnine
sy up
applied
o
he
mos
ecen
wound.
On
se e al
occasions,
FIG.
82.
Elonga ed
humb
o
Diaemus
youngi.
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
when
pigeons
had
been
epo ed
o
be
hea ily
a acked,
mis
ne s
se
up
a ound
he
pigeon
lo s
in a iably
cap u ed
Diaemus.
Usually,
when
poul y
and
goa s
a e
a acked
in
an
a ea,
o
he
ob ious
exclusion
o
ca le
and
equines,
Diaemus
ha e
been
collec ed.
PARASITES:
The
T inidad
Regional
Vi us
Labo a o y
(1958,
p.
94)
lis s
he
ollowing
species
o
he
S eblidae
(ba
lies)
om
T inidad
Diaemus
youngi:
Euc enodes
sp.
and
T ichobius
dugesii.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
posi i e.
REMARKS:
In
cap i i y
Diaemus
e used
o
eed
on
de ib ina ed
ca le
blood,
e en
when
mixed
wi h
chicken
blood.
I
eeds
eadily
on
pu e
chicken
blood.
A
li e
guinea
pig
o e ed
o
one
specimen,
a e
i
had
e used
ca le
blood,
was
a enously
se
upon
un il
i
was
exsanguina ed.
The
me hod
o
eeding
is
he
same
as
is
desc ibed
o
Desmodus.
Diaemus
is
ex emely
ocal,
in
ha
i
has
a
a ie y
o
hisses,
sc eams,
and
chi ps.
Ma ed
pai s
ap-
pea
o
be
qui e
de o ed
o
each
o he
and
ha e
been
obse ed
o
clean
and
p een
each
o he
as
well
as
be
qui e
dis u bed
when
one
is
sepa a ed
om
he
o he .
A
mi o
causes
exci emen
when
a
ba
sees
i s
own
e lec-
ion;
one
licked
he
glass.
SUPERFAMILY
VESPERTILIONOIDEA
WEBER
LONG-TAILED
INSECT-EATING
BATS
Small
o
mode a ely
la ge-sized
ba s wi h-
ou
a
nose
lea
o
p ominen
de mal
ou -
g ow h
on
chin,
ail
usually
as
long
as
o
longe
han
he
wide
in e emo al
memb ane.
FAMILY
NATALIDAE
MILLER
NATALID
BATS
Small,
delica ely
o med
ba s
wi h
low,
somewha
unnel-shaped
ea s,
long
slende
limbs,
la ge,
naked
in e emo al
memb ane,
no
nose
lea ,
humb
well-de eloped,
wi h
a
no mal
claw,
ail
long,
h ead-like,
and
ex-
ending
he
leng h
o
in e emo al
memb ane,
hi d
inge
wi h
wo
phalanges.
GENUS
NATALUS
GRAY
FUNNEL-EARED
BATS
Na alus
GRAY,
1838,
Mag.
Zool.
Bo .,
ol.
2,
p.
496.
Type,
Na alus
s amineus
G ay.
Na alid
o gan
a
hin,
loa ing,
glandula
disk
co e ing
he
on al
egion
o
he
head,
lying
be ween
skin
unde lying
muscles.
RANGE:
F om
Baja
Cali o nia
and
Tamau-
lipas,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Panama;
Bahama
Islands,
Cuba,
Dominican
Republic,
Hai i,
Jamaica,
Lesse
An illes,
T inidad,
and
Cu a-
gao
in
he
Wes
Indies;
Na al
and
Lagoa
San a
in
eas e n
B azil;
San
Es eban,
Vene-
zuela;
and
San ande ,
Colombia.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T inidad.
SUBGENUS
NATALUS
GRAY
GREATER
FUNNEL-EARED
BATS
Na alus,
DALQUEST,
1950,
Jou .
Mammal.,
ol.
31,
no.
4,
p.
442.
Type,
Na alus
s amineus
G ay.
Ea s
la ge,
wi h
supe io
ma gin
ounded,
lowe
lip
wi h
a
shallow
ema gina ion,
na alid
o gan
la ge.
Na alus
umidi os is
haymani
Goodwin
TRINIDADIAN
FUNNEL-EARED
OR
LONG-LEGGED
BAT
Pla e
31,
igu es
7-9;
ex
igu es
83-85
Na alus
s amineus,
SANBORN,
1941,
Publ.
Field
Mus.
Na .
His .,
zool.
se .,
ol.
27,
p.
380.
Na alus
umidi os is
haymani
GoODWIN,
1959,
Ame .
Mus.
No i a es,
no.
1977,
p.
12.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
M .
Tamana,
al i ude
be-
ween
600
and
700
ee ,
T inidad,
Wes
Indies.
RANGE:
T inidad;
no
uncommon
in
he
Cen al
and
No he n
anges.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
small,
slende ,
yellowish
ba
wi h
hin
lying
memb anes;
no
nose
lea ;
e y
long,
slende
limbs;
a
e y
long,
hin,
h ead-like
ail
ex ending
he
ull
leng h
o
a
e y
wide,
hin,
in e emo al
memb ane
( ig.
84);
u
mode a ely
long
and
lax.
DESCRIPTION:
Colo
o
uppe
pa s
a y-
FIG.
83.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Na alus
umidi os is
haymani.
X
11.
272
VO
L.
12
2
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
ing
om
b igh
ich
Cinnamon-Bu
o
dull
Cinnamon-Bu ;
unde
pa s
sligh ly
pale
in
colo
han
back.
Skull
long
and
na ow,
wi h
a
high,
globula
b aincase,
ising
ab up ly
abo e
le el
o
os um;
os um
elonga e,
he
maxilla y
bones
conspicuously
in la ed
so
ha
he
oo h
ows
canno
be
seen
when
he
skull
is
iewed
om
abo e;
bony
pala e
sho ,
a
pos e io
ema gina ion
ex ending
o
he
middle
mola
( ig.
85);
uppe
inciso s
in
pai s,
small,
low,
and
subequal,
he
ou
ee h
in
a
s aigh
line,
b oken
in
he
middle
by
a
shallow
pala al
ema gina ion;
lowe
in-
ciso s
small,
i id,
he
middle
lobe
he
la ges .
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
3_3;
canines,
l;
p emola s,
3_3;
mola s,
3-3=
38.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Eigh
males
and
h ee
emales
om
Tamana
Ca es:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
39.0-41.5.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
16.1-17.3;
condylobasal
leng h,
15.0-16.5;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
8.3-
8.6;
b ead h
o
b aincase,
7.8-8.3;
in e o bi -
al
cons ic ion,
3.2-3.6;
wid h
ac oss
ca-
nines,
3.6-4.0,
wid h
ac oss
mola s,
5.3-6.0;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
7.0-9.2.
Weigh s:
Thi y- i e
males,
4.8-9.9;
16
emales,
4.6-
6.3.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Gua-
cha o
Ca e,
wo
(M.C.Z.);
Heigh s
o
Gua-
napo,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Pla anal,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Tamana
Ca es,
18
(A.M.N.H.);
wo
(B.M.);
Las
Cue as,
wo
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
This
ba has
been
ound
in
colonies
o
up
o
65
indi iduals
oos ing
in
la ge,
da k
ca es.
I
seems
o
p e-
FIG.
84.
Do sal
iew
o
in e emo al
memb ane
o
Na alus
umidi os is
haymani,
showing
long,
h ead-like
ail.
FIG.
85.
Ven al
iew
o
skull
o
Na alus
umidi os is
haymani,
showing
pos e io
ema gi-
na ion
o
pala e.
e
he
d ies
and
da kes
po ions
o
a
ca e,
pa icula ly
he
lues
and
chimneys.
A
male
and
emale
we e
ound
in
a
hollow
ubbe
ee
(He ea
b asiliensis).
In
he
M .
Tamana
Ca es
i
was
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Chilonyc e is
ubiginosa,
P e ono us
da yi,
Mo moops
megalophylla,
Phyllos omus
has a us,
Anou a
geo oyi,
and
Ca ollia
pe -
spicilla a;
in
he
Heigh s
o
Guanapo
ca es,
wi h
Desmodus
o undus;
and
in
Zagaya
Ca e,
wi h
Loncho hina
au i a.
Na alus
is
a
swi
lie
bu
delica e,
as
he
concussion
o
a
gun
i ed
in
a
ca e
d ops
specimens
e en
hough
hey
ha e
been
un ouched
by
pelle s.
BREEDING:
On
No embe
20,
1957,
40
males
and
25
emales
we e
aken
in
he
Tamana
Ca es,
all
non-b eeding.
FOOD:
This
is
a
s ic ly
insec -ea ing
ba .
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
REMARKS:
Sanbo n
(1941,
p.
380)
lis ed
wo
specimens
in
he
B i ish
Museum
om
T inidad
as
Na alus
s amineus.
The
skulls
o
hese
specimens
ha e
been
emo ed
and
cleaned,
and
he
specimens
p o e
o
be
Na alus
umidi os is
haymani.
FAMILY
FURIPTERIDAE
MILLER
THUMBLESS
OR
SMOKY
BATS
Small,
dusky-colo ed,
slende
ba s,
supe -
icially
esembling
Na alus
bu
wi h
pelage
much
da ke
in
colo ,
ail
sho ,
and
humb
udimen a y.
GENUS
IFURIPTERUS
BONAPARTE
LITTLE
SMOKY
BATS
Fu ip e us
BONAPARTE,
1837,
Iconog a ia
auna
I alia,
ol.
1,
asc.
21.
Type,
Fu ia
ho ens
F.
Cu ie .
273
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
98.
Do sal
iew
o
os um
o
Dasyp e us
ega
panamensis,
showing
an e io
pala al
ema gi-
na ion.
Ma ekin,
Maya o,
T inidad,
on
June
1,
1959,
had
a
o al
o
nine
young
among
hem.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
REMARKS:
The
T inidad
specimens
a e
much
da ke
in
colo
han
ypical
specimens
o
D.
ega
om
B azil
and
ag ee
in
all
essen ial
cha ac e s
wi h
specimens
o
D.
e.
panamensis
om
Cen al
Ame ica.
A
se ies
om
Se a
de
Pa in ins,
B azil,
ep esen ing
ypical
Dasy-
p e us
ega,
a e
dull
b ownish
whi e
in
colo ;
he
hai s
on
he
uppe
pa s
a e
blackish
a
he
ex eme
base
and
a e
ollowed
by
a
b oad
band
o
Ligh
Bu
and
a e
ipped
wi h
D esden
B own.
The
leng h
o
he
o ea m
o
wo
adul
males
om
Se a
de
Pa in ins,
B azil,
is
46.7,
47.1.
The
measu emen s
o
he
skull
o
an
adul
emale
om
Ba ba,
Rio
Madei o,
B azil,
a e:
g ea es
leng h,
16.2;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
10.8;
in e nal
cons ic-
ion,
4.7;
wid h
ac oss
M3-M3,
7.3;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
5.7.
GENUS
RHOGERSSA
H.
ALLEN
LITTLE
YELLOW
BATS
Tex
igu es
99,
100
Rhogeessa
H.
ALLEN,
1866,
P oc.
Acad.
Na .
Sci.
Philadelphia,
ol.
18,
p.
285.
Type,
Rhogeessa
umida
H.
Allen.
Tiny
o
small
ba s,
wi h
lying
memb ane
FIG.
99.
F on
iew
o
uppe
inciso s
o
Rho-
geessa
umida
ipa ia,
showing
no ch
on
ou e
edge
o
ee h.
naked
and
lea he y;
one
pai
o
uppe
in-
ciso s
wi h
a
small
ou e
cusp
nea
ip
( ig.
99).
RANGE:
F om
Tamaulipas
and
Sono a,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Bogo i,
Colombia,
Puna
Island,
Ecuado ,
Venezuela,
and
Al o
Pa na-
hyba,
B azil.
Two
species
a e
eco ded
om
T inidad.
Rhogeessa
pa ula
minu illa
Mille
MARGARITA
LITTLE
YELLOW
BAT
Pla e
32,
igu es
4-6
Rhogeessa
minu illa
MILLER,
1897,
P oc.
Biol.
Soc.
Washing on,
ol.
11,
p.
139.
Rhogeessa
io,
GREENHALL,
1956,
Jou .
T inidad
Field
Na .
Club,
p.
8.
Rhogeessa
pa ula
minu illa,
CABRERA,
1957,
Re .
Mus.
A gen ino
Cien.
Na .
"
Be na dino
Ri ada ia,"
cien.
zool.,
ol.
4,
no.
1,
p.
111.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Ma ga i a
Island,
Vene-
zuela.
RANGE:
T inidad;
widely
dis ibu ed.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
e y
small,
pale
yellowish
ba
wi h
no
ex e nal
specializa-
ions;
ea s
small
and
ounded;
lying
mem-
b ane
ela i ely
hick
and
s ong;
ail
long
and
ex ending
he
ull
leng h
o
a
b oad,
naked
in e emo al
memb ane.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
ypical
specimens
pale
Tawny-Oli e,
he
hai s
ligh ly
ipped
wi h
dusky.
Skull
small
and
slende ;
b aincase
small,
ounded
an e io ly,
and
ele-
a ed
pos e io ly
o
an
angula
peak;
zygo-
ma ic
a ches
slende
and
widely
sp eading;
in e o bi al
egion
ela i ely
na ow;
uppe
inciso s
simple,
less
han
hal
as
high
as
canines;
lowe
inciso s
bi id,
he
ou e
lobe
on
all
h ee ee h
being
obsole e
and
he
inne
lobe
i ually
absen
on
ou e
ee h.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
3_3;
canines,
l4;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
33
=
30.
MEASUREMENTS:
One
male
and
wo
e-
males
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
27.4,
29.0,
28.0.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
11.5,
11.0,
12.0;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
6.8, 6.6,
7.0;
b ead h
o
b aincase,
5.2, 5.5,
5.7;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
4.1,
4.4,
4.3.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Po -o -
Spain,
one
(C.N.H.M.);
no
exac
locali y,
one
(U.S.N.M.),
one
(B.M.).
REMARKS:
Rhogeessa
p.
minu illa
is
he e
ega ded
only
as
a
p obable
membe
o
he
280
VOL.
122

GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
T inidad
auna.
The
h ee
specimens
lis ed
he e
ha e
he
small
size
and
he
pale
Tawny-
Oli e
colo
o
minu illa.
All
h ee,
howe e ,
ha e
been
in
spi i s
o
a
conside able
leng h
o
ime,
which
could
ha e
bleached
he
pelage
and
caused
dis o ion
and
sh inkage
o
he
skulls.
Rhogeessa
umida
ipa ia
Goodwin
TRINIDADIAN
LITTLE
YELLOW
BAT
Pla e
32,
igu es
7-9;
ex
igu e
100
Rhogeessa
umida,
GREENHALL,
1956,
Jou .
T inidad
Field
Na .
Club,
p.
8.
Rhogeessa
umida
ipa ia
GoODWIN,
1958,
Ame .
Mus.
No i a es,
no.
1923,
p.
S.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Cuchi ano,
P o ince
o
Suc e,
Venezuela,
al i ude
700
ee .
RANGE:
T inidad;
no
uncommon.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
small,
da k
ed-
dish
b own
ba ,
simila
in
ex e nal
appea -
ance
o
R.
p.
minu illa
bu
da ke
and
mo e
eddish
in
colo
and
a e aging
la ge .
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
he
ype,
uppe
pa s
Raw
Umbe ,
he
hai s
Cinna-
mon-Bu
om
base
o
wo- hi ds
o
hei
leng h;
unde
pa s
Tawny-Oli e.
Skull
sho
and
b oad,
wi h
a
b oad,
la ened
os-
um;
b oad,
low
b aincase,
no
ele a ed
pos e io ly;
mola i o m
ee h
ela i ely
b oad
and
hea y;
pala e
b oad.
Compa ed
wi h
he
skull
o
R.
p.
minu illa,
ha
o
R.
.
ipa ia
is
ela i ely
sho e
and
b oade ,
wi h
he
b aincase
la e
pos e io ly,
he
pala e
sho e ,
and
he
mola i o m
ee h
la ge
and
b oade .
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
The
ype,
h ee
males,
and
wo
emales
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
28.2,
29.1,
29.5,
29.5,
28.0,
28.5.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
12.2,
12.4,
12.4,
12.0,
12.7,
12.4;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
8.1,
8.1,
8.2,
8.2,
8.1,
-;
b ead h
o
b aincase,
6.0,
6.0,
6.1,
5.9,
6.0,
5.9;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
4.6,
4.5,
4.6, 4.5,
4.5,
4.5.
Weigh s:
Fou
males
anging
om
imma u e
o
adul ,
3.3-5.0;
wo
emales
(one
imma u e
and
one
semi-adul ),
3.0,
3.4.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Ma acas
Valley,
h ee
ju eniles,
wo
semi-adul
(A.M.N.H.);
Pe i
Valley,
h ee
ju eniles
(A.M.N.H.);
S .
Augus ine,
h ee
(B.M.);
Po -o -Spain,
wo
semi-adul
(A.M.N.H.);
Sipa ia,
ou ,
o
which
h ee
a e
mu ila ed
(A.M.N.H.).
FIG.
100.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Rhogeessa
umida
ipa ia.
X
1.
GENERAL
HABITS:
Rhogeessa
is
known
o
oos
in
ai ly
la ge
colonies.
I
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
he
ha ched
oo
o
na i e
houses,
be ween
boa ds,
and
in
hollow
ees,
and
one
was
ound
unde
a
palm
ond.
BREEDING:
Li le
is
known
abou
he
b eeding
habi s
o
his
ba
excep
ha
wins
a e
no
unusual.
FoOD:
Insec s.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
REMARKS:
Mos
o
he
T inidad
specimens
a e
he e
p o isionally
e e ed
o
R.
.
ipa ia.
Mos
o
hem
a e
ei he
imma u e
o
ha e
mu ila ed
skulls,
and
some
ha e
been
in
spi i s
o
some
ime,
causing
he
o ea m
and
o en
he
skulls
o
so en
o
a
jelly.
All
hese
specimens
a e
e y
da k
in
colo ,
wi h
he
ips
o
he
hai s
b oadly
blackish
b own.
The
skulls
a e
sho
and
b oad
as
in
he
ype.
The
uppe
inciso s
in
he
T inidad
specimens
ha e
a
dis inc
seconda y
cusp
nea
he
ip
on
he
ou e
side
( ig.
99).
In
he
ype
hese
ee h
a e
wo n
down
o
a
b oad
poin
wi h
only
a
sligh
indica ion
o
an
accesso y
cusp.
FAMILY
MOLOSSIDAE
GILL
FREE-TAILED
BATS
OR
MASTIFF
BATS
Tex
igu es
101,
102
Small
o
a he
la ge-sized,
muscula
ba s
wi h
sho ,
hick,
lea he y
ea s,
b oade
han
long,
and
p ojec ing
o wa d
o e
he
eyes;
sho ,
hick
muzzle,
no
p o ided
wi h
a
nose
lea ,
and
usually
wi h
modi ied,
spoon-
shaped
hai s;
ail
long
and
p ojec ing
well
be-
yond
pos e io
bo de
o
in e emo al
mem-
b ane
( ig.
101);
wings
long,
na ow,
and
lea he y;
ee
sho
and
b oad;
pelage
hick
and
a he
close;
hi d
inge
wi h
h ee
phalanges,
he
second
phalanx
e lexed
( ig.
102),
he
hi d
phalanx
ca ilaginous
excep
a
base.
Skull
s ong,
wi hou
pos o bi al
281
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
101.
Do sal
iew
o
ail
o
Molossus
ini a us,
showing
i s
leng h
in
ela ion
o
ha
o
he
in e emo al
memb ane.
p ocesses;
p emaxilla ies
wi h
nasal
b anches
p esen
o
absen .
KEY
TO
THE
GENERA,
SPECIES,
AND
SUBSPECIES
OF
THE
MOLOSSIDAE
OF
TRINIDAD
AND
TOBAGO
1.
Two
pai s
o inciso s
in
lowe
jaw.
.
.
.
.
.
2
One
pai
o
inciso s
in
lowe
jaw
.
..
.
.5
2.
Ea s
sepa a e,
inne
ma gins
o
ea s
no
ising
om
same
poin
on
o ehead
(leng h
o
o e-
a m,
30-36.8)
.
.
.
.
Molossops
g eenhalli
Ea s
no
sepa a e,
inne
ma gins
o
ea s
ising
om
same
poin
on
o ehead
.3
3.
Deep
e ical
g oo es
on
uppe
lip
.
.
.
.
.4
Ve ical
g oo es
on
uppe
lip
absen
(leng h
o
o ea m,
53.5-54.5)
.
.
P omops
cen alis
4.
Ea s
no
ex ending
beyond
ip
o
nose
when
laid
o wa d,
os um
b oade
han
in e o -
FIG.
102.
Do sal
iew
o
hi d
inge
o
Molossus
a e
a e ,
showing
e lexed
second
phalanx.
bi al
egion
(leng h
o
o ea m,
36.0-37.5)
.
. .
.
.
.Tada ida
b asiliensis
an illula um
Ea s
ex ending
well
beyond
ip
o
nose
when
laid
o wa d,
os um
no
b oade
han
in e o bi al
egion
(leng h
o
o ea m,
40.0-
43.5)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Tada ida
eu ops
5.
Pelage
unicolo ed,
base
o
hai
no
pale
han
ip
(leng h
o
o ea m,
47.5-51.0).
.
...
...
.
.
.
.
Molossus
a e
a e
Pelage
bicolo ed,
base
o
hai
whi e
.
.
.
.
.6
6.
Fu
no
ex ending
on o
in e emo al
mem-
b ane
(leng h
o
o ea m,
37.0-39.5)
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.Molossus
majo
majo
Fu
ex ending
well
down
on
in e emo al
mem-
b ane
(leng h
o
o ea m,
46.9-50.6)
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
Molossus
ini a us
GENUS
MOLOSSOPS
PETERS
DOG-FACED
BATS
Molossops
PETERS,
1865,
Mona sbe .
P eus-
sischen
Akad.
Wiss.
Be lin,
p.
575.
Type,
Dysopes
emminckii
Bu meis e .
Small
o
medium-sized,
ee- ailed
ba s;
ea s
sepa a e
and
no
ising
om
he
same
poin
on
o ehead;
nasal
b anches
o
p e-
maxilla ies
joined
an e io ly;
one
o
wo
pai s
o
lowe
inciso s
p esen .
RANGE:
F om
Ve ac uz,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Ecuado ,
Pe u,
Co ien es,
A gen ina,
Pa a-
guay,
Ma o
G osso,
and Minas
Ge ais,
B azil.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T inidad.
SUBGENUS
CYNOMOPS
THOMAS
GREATER
DOG-FACED
BATS
Cynomops,
CABRERA,
1957,
Re .
Mus.
A gen-
ino
Cien.
Na .
"Be na dino
Ri ada ia,"
cien.
zool.,
ol.
4,
no.
1.
p.
118.
Type,
Molossus
ce as es
Thomas.
Molossops
g eenhalli
(Goodwin)
TRINIDADIAN
DOG-FACED
OR
FREE-TAILED
BAT
Pla e
34,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
103,
104
Cynomops
plani os is
plani os is,
GREENHALL,
1956,
Jou .
T inidad
Field
Na .
Club,
p.
18.
Cynomops
g eenhalli
GOODWIN,
1958,
Ame .
Mus.
No i a es,
no.
1877,
p.
3.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Royal
Bo anic
Ga dens,
Po -o -Spain,
T inidad,
Wes
Indies.
RANGE:
T inidad;
known
only
om
Po -
o -Spain.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized,
da k
eddish
b own,
ee- ailed
ba
wi h
unde
pa s
conside ably
ligh e
in
colo
han
back.
282
VOL.
122
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
DESCRIPTION:
Colo
o
uppe
pa s
uni-
o m
Russe ,
wi h
he
base
o
hai s
whi e;
u
sho ,
el e y,
and
glossy;
unde
pa s
dull
A ellaneous.
Nose,
memb anes,
ea s,
ee ,
and
ail
blackish;
a
na ow
s ip
o
u
ex-
ending
along
ou e
side
o
o ea m
o
base
o
me aca pals.
Skull
sho ,
b oad,
and
low,
wi h
a
ela i ely
high,
la ened
os um;
con-
spicuous,
la e ally
p ojec ing
lac imal
idges
( ig.
104);
b aincase
ela i ely
smoo h
and
la ened
on
op,
wi h
a
e y
low
sagi al
c es ;
uppe
inciso s
a he
long,
simple,
in
con ac
wi h
each
o he
and
p ojec ing
o -
wa d;
inne
lowe
incisso s
c owded
o wa d
om
oo h
ow,
cu ing
edges
deeply
bi id;
ou e
lowe
inciso s
when
p esen
smalle
han
inne ,
ain ly
i id,
and
c owded
agains
canines;
i s
lowe
p emola
smalle
han
second
p emola ;
uppe
canines
wi h
a
b oad
g oo e
on
on
su ace
o
sha .
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
l-l
o
2-2;
canines,
1_i;
p emola s,
1-l;
mola s,
33
=
26
o
28.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
The
ype
(an
adul
male)
and
h ee
adul
emale
opo-
ypes:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
36.8,
34.3,
34.5,
33.3.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
18.5,
17.5,
17.6,
17.2;
zygoma ic
wid h,
12.4,
10.5,
11.6,
10.7;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
4.5,
4.3,
4.5,
4.5;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-Me,
6.8,
6.5,
6.6,
6.2.
Weigh s:
Two
emale
opo ypes:
10.8,
12.8.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Royal
Bo anic
Ga dens,
Po -o -Spain,
ou
(A.M.N.H.);
wo
(U.N.A.M.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
This
ba
is
known
o
oos
in
he
hollow
b anches
o
ai -sized
ees
in
colonies
o
om
50
o
75
indi iduals.
Six
specimens
we e
aken
om
he
hollow
b anches
o
a
yellow
poui
ee
(Tecoma
se -
a i olia),
he
lowes
hollow
b anch
being
30
ee
om
he
g ound.
This
colony
occupied
FIG.
103.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Molossops
g eenhalli.
X
1
.
FIG.
104.
Do sal
iew
o
os um
o
Molossops
g eenhalli,
showing
p ojec ing
lac imal
idges.
he
ee
o
a
leas
six
mon hs
be o e
i
was
cu
down.
The
ba s
eme ged
om
he
oos
egula ly
each
e ening
abou
15
minu es
be-
o e
da k.
They
lew
om
he
oos
a
a
as
a e,
downwa d,
hen
upwa d,
one
ba
ollow-
ing
he
o he
a
in e als
o
abou
one
second,
un il
six
o
eigh
we e
in
ligh .
A e
a
pause
o
i e
o
10
seconds
six
o
eigh
mo e
eme ged
om
he
oos .
Abou
15
o
20
minu es
la e
a
numbe
o
he
ba s
e u ned
o
he
oos .
When
he
ee
was
cu
down,
he
ba s
col-
lec ed
we e
seen
clinging
o
he
allen
b anches.
They
we e
cold
and
clammy
o
he
ouch
and
ex emely
o pid.
Males
ha e
he
usual
musky
odo
o
molossine
ba s;
he
e-
males
ha e
no
odo .
BREEDING:
On
June
6,
1955,
one
male
and
six
emales
we e
collec ed.
Fou
o
he
e-
males
we e
g a id,
and
each
ga e
bi h
o
a
single
young
some ime
be o e
June
20.
FoOD:
In
cap i i y
Molossops
a e
lying
e mi es,
hough
a
a ie y
o
o he
insec s
we e
e used
as
ood.
I
was
kep
ali e
on
a
die
o
I ish
po k
sausage.
The
eeding
ime
seemed
o
be
abou
6:30
P.M.,
and
i
ook
abou
hal
an
hou
o
each
ba
o
wa m
up
om
he
cold
o pid
s a e.
GENUS
TADARIDA
RAFINESQUE
WRINKLED-LIPPED,
FREE-TAILED
BATS
Tada ida
RAFINESQUE,
1814,
P 6cis
des
d&-
cou e es
e
a aux
somiologiques,
p.
55.
Type,
Cephalo es
enio is
Ra inesque.
Medium-sized,
ee- ailed
ba s,
wi h
la ge
ea s
joined
oge he
by
a
low
band
ac oss
o ehead;
wo
o
h ee
pai s
o
lowe
inciso s
p esen ;
nasal
b anches
o
p emaxilla ies
ap-
p oaching
each
o he
an e io ly
bu
no
joined
oge he .
1961
283
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
RANGE:
Widely
dis ibu ed
in
opical
e-
gions
o
he
Eas e n
and
Wes e n
Hemi-
sphe es.
In
Ame ica
om
sou he n
B i ish
Columbia
and
Iowa
sou h,
including
he
Wes
Indies,
o
cen al
Chile
and
A gen ina,
Pa aguay,
and
sou he n
B azil.
Two
species
a e
eco ded,
one
om
T inidad
and
one
om
Tobago.
Tada ida
eu ops
(H.
Allen)
ALLEN'S
LITTLE
WRINKLED-LIPPED,
FREE-TAILED
BAT
Pla e
33,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
105,
106
Nyc inomus
eu ops
H.
ALLEN,
1889,
P oc
Ame .
Phil.
Soc.,
ol.
26,
p.
558.
Tada ida
eu ops,
SHAMEL,
1931,
P oc.
U.
S.
Na l.,
Mus.,
ol.
78,
p.
14.
Tada ida
b asiliensis
b asiliensis,
GREENHALL,
1956,
Jou .
T inidad
Field
Na .
Club,
p.
8.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
B azil.
RANGE:
T inidad;
known
om
wo
speci-
mens.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
small,
ee-
ailed
ba ,
wi h
deep
e ical
g oo es
o
w inkles
on
he
uppe
lip;
ea s
la ge,
ounded;
inne
ma gin
o
bo h
ea s
a ising
om
same
poin
on
o ehead
and
when
laid
o wa d
ea s
eaching
beyond
end
o
muzzle.
Mos
no ice-
able
ex e nal
cha ac e
in
his
species
is
ba e
spo
on
lowe
sides
o
back.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
T inidad
specimens,
uppe
pa s
Snu
B own;
hai
on
unde
pa s
ipped
wi h
Ligh
Bu .
Skull
wi h
ela i ely
long
na ow
os um
sca cely
wide
an e io ly
han
a
poin
o
leas
in e -
o bi al
wid h
( ig.
106);
sagi al
c es
a he
well
de eloped;
an e io
bo de
o
pala e
ema gina e;
p emaxilla ies
sepa a ed
by
a
space.equal
o
base
o
canines;
uppe
inciso s
abou
hal
as
high
as
canines,
se
wide
apa
a
base
and
s ongly
con e ging
owa ds
ip
and
sepa a ed
om
canines
by
a
space;
lowe
FIG.
105.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Tada ida
eu ops.
X
14.
FIG.
106.
Do sal
iew
o
c anium
o
Tada ida
eu ops,
showing
long,
na ow
os um.
inciso s
ou .
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
2-2;
canines,
1:1;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
3
=330.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Type
(a
emale),
an
adul
male,
and
a
emale
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
43.2,
40.5,
40.2.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
16.6,
-,
16.0;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
9.2,
-,
9.0;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
3.4,
-,
3.3;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
6.4,
6.6,
6.2.
WEIGHTS:
One
e-
male
om
T inidad,
8.0.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Po -o -
Spain,
wo
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
In
Venezuela
his
ba
was
ound
oos ing
in
he
c e ices
o
la ge
ocks,
whe e
colonies
o
mo e
han
50
in-
di iduals
we e
no
uncommon.
FoOD:
Insec s.
REMARKS:
The
skull
o
one
T inidad
speci-
men,
a
male,
is
oo
agmen a y
o
sa is-
ac o y
iden i ica ion,
bu
i s
size
and
he
e-
s ic ion
o
he
u
o
he
lowe
sides
o
he
body
indica e
ha
i
can
be
e e ed
o
T.
eu ops.
The
second
specimen
is
a
emale
wi h
a
sho e
o ea m
and
a
skull
smalle
han
ha
o
any
indi idual
in
a
la ge
se ies
o
T.
eu ops
om
Venezuela,
bu
mos
o
he
u
has
gone
om
he
body.
I
appea s
o
be
adul
bu
may
no
be
ully
g own,
and
ex-
cep
o
no iceably
smalle
size
i
is
e y
simila
o
ypical
specimens
o
T
eu ops
om
he
mainland.
Tada ida
b asiliensis
an illula um
(Mille )
DOMINICAN
LITTLE
WRINKLED-LIPPED
BAT
Pla e
33,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu es
107,
108
Nyc inomus
an illula um
MILLER,
1902,
P oc.
Acad.
Na .
Sci.
Philadelphia,
ol.
54,
p.
398.
284
VOL.
122
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
FIG.
107.
Do sal
iewo
c anium
o
Tada ida
b a-
siliensis
an illula um,
showing
b oad
os um.
Tada ida
b asiliensis
an illula um,
SCHWARTZ,
1955,
Jou .
Mammal.,
ol.
36,
p.
108.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Roseau,
Dominica,
Lesse
An illes.
RANGE:
Tobago;
known
om
one
speci-
men.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
small,
ee- ailed
ba
simila
o
T.
eu ops
bu
ea s
sho e ,
pala al
ema gina ion
wide ,
and
di e ing
in
o he
c anial
and
den al
de ails.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
o
uppe
pa s
a ying
om
Mummy
B own
o
Russe ;
unde
pa s
e y
li le
pale
han
back;
ea s
small
and
when
laid
o wa d
no
ex ending
beyond
end
o
muzzle.
Skull
small,
wi h
a
b oad,
la
os um,
conside ably
wide
han
a
he
poin
o
leas
in e o bi al
wid h
( ig.
107);
ou e
lowe
inciso
e y
small
and
i s
uppe
p emola
minu e;
nasal
b anches
o
p emaxilla ies
dis inc ly
sepa a ed
an e io ly
( ig.
108).
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
3_3;
canines,
1_1;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
33
=
32.
MEASUREMENTS:
Adul
male
om
Tobago
and
ype:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
36.0,
37.4.
FIG.
108.
F on
iew
o
os um
o
Tada ida
b asiliensis
an illula um,
showing
ema gina ion
o
an e io
b anches
o
p emaxilla ies.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
15.5,
16.0;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
8.7,
8.8;
in e o bi al
b ead h,
3.7,
3.6;
b ead h
o
b aincase,
7.5,
7.6;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
5.6,
5.5.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
Tobago:
Exac
locali y
unknown,
one
(U.S.N.M.).
GENUS
PROMOPS
GERVAIS
DOME-PALATED
BATS
P omops
GERVAIS,
1855
[1856],
Mammi e es,
in
Cas elnau,
Exp6di ion
dans
les
pa ies
cen ales
de
l'Am6 ique
du
Sud,
.
.
.
p .
7,
Zoologie,
ol.
1,
p.
58.
Type,
P omops
u sinus
Ge ais
[=
Molossus
nasu us
Spix].
Medium-sized,
ee- ailed
ba s
wi h
ea s
ising
om
he
same
poin
on
o ehead;
pelage
whi ish
a
base;
wo
pai s
o
lowe
in-
ciso s
p esen ;
nasal
b anch
o
p emaxilla ies
joined
an e io ly.
RANGE:
F om
Jalisco
and
no he n
Yuca-
an,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Pe u,
no he n
A gen-
ina,
Pa aguay,
and
Bahia
and
Amazonas,
B azil.
One
species
is
eco ded
om
T inidad.
P omops
cen alis
Thomas
MEXICAN
DOME-PALATED
OR
RIDGE-NOSED
MASTIFF
BAT
Pla e
34,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu es
109-111
P omops
cen alis
THOMAS,
1915,
Ann.
Mag.
Na .
His .,
se .
8,
ol.
16,
p.
62.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
No he n
Yuca an,
Mexico.
RANGE:
T inidad;
widely
dis ibu ed
bu
no
common.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized,
eddish,
ee- ailed
ba ,
wi h
lines
o
u
di-
e ging
om
angle
in
bend
o
wing
along
o ea m
and
ou h
inge ;
ea s
sho ,
a ising
om
same
poin
on
o ehead;
a
median
aised
idge
down
uppe
side
o
muzzle
( ig.
110);
a
FIG.
109.
F on
iew
o
head
o
P omops
cen alis.
X
Ii.
1961
285

BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
FIG.
110.
F on
iew
o
muzzle
o
P omops
cen alis,
showing
median
idge.
small
dense
bush
o
s i
hai s
below
nos ils;
u
mode a ely
long.
DESCRIPTION:
Colo
o
one
specimen
om
T inidad:
uppe
pa s
be ween
Russe
and
Cinnamon-B own,
base
o
hai s
Ligh
Bu ;
unde
pa s
snu
b own,
base
o
hai s
whi ish;
ano he
specimen
is
Mummy
B own.
Skull
sho
and
b oad,
wi h
a
high,
domed
pala e
( ig.
111);
uppe
inciso s
la ge,
slende ,
and
p ojec ing
o wa d;
an e io
uppe
p e-
mola
udimen a y;
lowe
inciso s
small
and
bi id.
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
1-;
canines,
l
l;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
33=
30.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Th ee
e-
males
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
54.2,
53.7,
54.6.
Skull
o
an
adul
emale:
G ea es
leng h,
20.5;
on
o
canines
o
condyles,
18.9;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
12.3;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
4.2;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
7.8.
Weigh s:
One
male,
14.4;
wo
emales,
17.2,
14.4.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Coco i e,
Po -o -Spain,
one
(L.S.U.);
Geo ge
Village,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Po -o -Spain,
one
(L.S.U.);
San
Fe nando,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
no
exac
locali y,
h ee
(L.S.U.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Small
colonies
o
up
o
six
indi iduals
ha e
been
ound
oos ing
on
he
unde
side
o
palm
lea es,
especially
FIG.
111.
Ven al
iew
o
skull
o
P omops
cen alis,
showing
domed
pala e.
whe e
he
ond
angles
downwa d,
a o ding
he
g ea es
amoun
o
shade.
BREEDING:
Two
o
six
emales
aken
unde
a
palm
lea
on
Ap il
12,
1956,
we e
lac a ing.
FoOD:
Insec s.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
GENUS
MOLOSSUS
1.
GEOFFROY-SAINT-HILAIRE
MASTIFF
BATS
Molossus
.
GEOFFROY-SAINT-HILAIRE,
1805,
Ann.
Mus.
d'His .
Na .
Pa is,
ol.
6,
p.
151.
Type,
Vespe ilio
molossus
Sch ebe
[=
Vespe ilio
molos-
sus
majo
Ke ].
Small
o
medium-sized,
muscula ,
ee-
ailed
ba s;
ea s
low
and
ising
om
same
poin
on
o ehead;
nasal
b anches
o
p e-
maxilla ies
joined
an e io ly;
one
pai
o
in-
ciso s
in
lowe
jaws.
RANGE:
F om
Tamaulipas
and
Naya i ,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Pa aguay,
including
he
Wes
Indies
sou h
o
Cuba.
Th ee
species
a e
eco ded
om
T inidad;
one
is
known
om
Tobago.
Molossus
a e
a e
.
Geo oy-Sain -Hilai e
GREATER
HOUSE
OR
GUIANAN
MASTIFF
BAT
Pla e
35,
igu es
1-3;
ex
igu es
112,
113
Molossus
a e
.
GEOFFROY-SAINT-HILAIRE,
1805,
Ann.
Mus.
d'His .,
Na .,
Pa is,
ol.
6,
p.
155.
Molossus
u us,
MILLER,
1913,
P oc.
U.
S.
Na I.
Mus.,
ol.
46,
p.
88.
Molossus
u us
nig icans,
GREENHALL,
1956,
Jou .
T inidad
Field
Na .
Club,
p.
8.
Molossus
a e ,
GOODWIN,
1960,
Ame .
Mus.
No i a es,
no.
1994,
pp.
1-6.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Cayenne,
F ench
Guiana.
RANGE:
T inidad;
widely
dis ibu ed
and
common.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
a he
la ge,
muscula ,
ee- ailed
ba ,
occu ing
in
ed
and
black
colo
phases;
ea s
sho ,
ounded,
and
a ising
om
a
poin
on
o ehead,
when
laid
o wa d,
ba ely
ex ending
o
end
o
muz-
zle;
a
small
pad
o
s i
hai s
below
nos ils;
wing
memb anes
wi h
a
na ow
bo de
o
u
along
o ea m;
u
sho
and
close;
wings
long
and
na ow.
DESCRIPTION:
Gene al
colo
in
he ed
phase
uni o m
Russe ;
in
he
da k
phase
uni-
o m
glossy
black.
Skull
wi h
la ge
b ain'case,
la ened
on
op
and
wi h
a
g ea ly
de eloped,
286
VOL.
122
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
FIG.
112.
F on
iew
o
head
o
Molossus
a e
a e .
X
14.
kni e-like,
sagi al
c es
( ig.
113);
pala e
a ched;
os um
sho
and
b oad;
no
an e io
pala al
ema gina ion;
uppe
inciso s
sho
and
placed
close
oge he ;
lowe
inciso s
small,
c owded
o wa d,
and
deeply
bi id;
lowe
canines
s ongly
in
con ac
wi h
one
ano he .
DENTAL
FORMULA:
Inciso s,
141;
canines,
1_1;
p emola s,
2-2;
mola s,
3-3=26.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
Th ee
males
and
h ee
emales
om
T inidad:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
48.9,
50.0,
50.1,
47.9,
48.7,
50.8.
Skull:
One
emale
and
h ee
males:
G ea es
leng h,
21.0,
22.5, 22.5,
21.8;
zygo-
ma ic
b ead h,
12.5, 13.8, 13.5,
13.4;
in e -
o bi al
cons ic ion,
4.7,
4.5,
4.3,
4.2;
maxil-
la y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
7.4,
8.0,
7.6,
8.0.
Weigh s:
Thi y-six
males,
17.6-39.9;
54
e-
males,
14.2-32.3,
including
41
non-g a id,
14.2-32.3,
one
g a id,
26.2,
and
12
lac a ing,
18.1-29.2.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Capa o
Valley
Road,
eigh
(A.M.N.H.);
Cen eno,
10
(A.M.N.H.);
Douglas
Road,
Mo uga,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Fyzabad,
i e
(A.M.N.H.);
Los
Bajos,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
P inces
Town,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Po -o -Spain,
nine
(A.M.N.H.);
S .
Joseph,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Walle
Field,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
no
exac
locali y,
i e
(U.S.N.M.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
Mos
equen ly
ound
in
dwelling
houses,
his
ba
li es
di ec ly
unde
gal anized
oo ing
whe e
he
empe a-
u e
may
each
1300
F.
I
has
also
been
ound
in
la ge
colonies
oos ing
unde
palm
lea es
and
in
hollow
ees.
Colonies
o
50
indi iduals
a e
no
unusual.
Bo h
sexes
ha e
la ge
glands
inside
he
mou h
o e
he
canines.
The
mou h
o
hese
glands
is
open
when
he
ba
eeds.
This
ba
is
mos
equen ly
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Molossus
majo
and
on
wo
occasions
has
been
ound
wi h
Phyl-
los omus
has a us.
I
becomes
e y
ac i e
in
he
oos
a
sho
ime
be o e
dusk
and
again
abou
an
hou
la e
a e
he
i s
ligh ;
he e
is
mo e
ac i i y
be o e
dawn.
I
scu les
o e
he
oos
walls
and
loo ,
mouse-like,
wi h
he
ips
o
he
olded
wings
ucked
up
unde
he
a mpi s,
and
sleeps
in
a
ho izon al
a he
han
a
e ical
posi ion.
I
is
a
as
and
e a ic
lie ,
some imes
lying
low
and
some imes
high
in
he
ai .
BREEDING:
One
g a id
emale
was
aken
in
Ma ch;
lac a ing
emales
we e
aken
om
July
o
Sep embe .
On
Sep embe
7,
1956,
a
lac a ing
emale
wi h
a
single
young
was
ound
in
a
hollow
ee.
On
Oc obe
2,
1957,
15
non-b eeding
males,
eigh
non-g a id
e-
males,
and
one
lac a ing
emale
we e
ound
unde
a
palm
lea .
On
Decembe
20,
1957,
h ee
non-b eeding
males,
10
b eeding
males,
and
14
non-g a id
emales
we e
ound
o-
ge he
a ound
he
lou e s
o
an
abandoned
building.
B eeding
males
ha e
been
aken
om
Ma ch
o
Augus .
When
dis u bed,
males
discha ge
a
musky
subs ance
om
hei
ches
gland.
The
sex
a io
o
239
speci-
mens
be ween
Ma ch
and
Oc obe ,
1958,
was:
121
we e
males
and
118
emales.
FOOD:
Insec s.
Bo h
sexes
ha e
la ge
cheek
pouches,
and
when
hey
a e
s u ed
and
c ammed
o
capaci y,
he
ba
e u ns
o
he
oos
o
chew
and
swallow
i s
ood.
PARASITES:
The
T inidad
Regional
Vi us
Labo a o y
(1958,
pp.
89,
94,
99)
lis s
he
ollowing
species
o
pa asi es
om
T ini-
dadian
Molossus
a e :
S eblidae
(ba
lies),
Euc enodes
sp.;
Polyc enidae
(blood-sucking
FIG.
113.
La e al
iew
o
skull
o
Molossus
a e
a e ,
showing
high,
kni e-like,
sagi al
c es .
1961
287
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
bugs),
Hespe oc enes
uma ius;
Ixodidae
( icks),
O ni hodo os
dunns.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
REMARKS:
Angel
Cab e a,
in
his
ca alogue
o
Sou h
Ame ican
mammals
(1957,
p.
132),
pu
Molossus
p e iosus
Mille
om
Vene-
zuela
in
synonomy
unde
Molossus
a e
which
appea s
o
be
a
alid
species
and
may
e en ually
be
ound
on
T inidad.
Specimens
o
M.
p e iosus
om
he
ype
locali y,
La
Guai a,
Venezuela,
a e
ep esen ed
in
bo h
ed
and
black
colo
phases
and
a e age
con-
side ably
smalle
han
ypical
M.
a e
and
ha e
a
sho e
and
b oade
skull.
The
meas-
u emen s
o
a
male
and
wo
adul
emale
opo ypes
o
Molossus
p e iosus
a e:
leng h
o
o ea m,
46.8,
46.5,
45.5;
skull,
g ea es
leng h,
21.3,
20.5,
19.5;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
13.1,
12.8,
12.5;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
4.2,
4.2,
4.1;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
7.4,
7.4,
7.3.
Molossus
majo
majo
(Ke )
MARTINIQUE
LITTLE
MASTIFF
OR
LITTLE
FREE-TAILED
HOUSE
BAT
Pla e
34,
igu es
7-9
V[espe ilio
mol[ossus]
majo
KERR,
1792,
The
animal
kingdom,
p.
97.
Molossus
majo ,
MILLER,
1913,
P oc.
U.
S.
Na l.
Mus.,
ol.
99,
p.
453.
Molossus
obscu us,
VESEY-FITZGERALD,
1936,
T op.
Ag .
Jou .
Imp.
College
T op.
Ag .
T ini-
dad,
ol.
13,
no.
6,
p.
161.
Molossus
majo
majo ,
HERSHKOVITZ,
1949,
P oc.
U.
S.
Na l.
Mus.,
ol.
99,
p.
453.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Ma inique,
Lesse
An il-
les.
RANGE:
T inidad;
widely
dis ibu ed
and
common.
Tobago;
widely
dis ibu ed
and
common.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
Ve y
simila
o
Molossus
a e
bu
abou
hal
o
he
size.
DESCRIPTION:
Fu
sho
and
close,
whi ish
om
base
o
abou
hal
o
i s
leng h
and
ipped
wi h
blackish
b own
o
eddish
b own.
Skull,
excep
o
being
smalle ,
e y
simila
o
ha
o
Molossus
a e .
MEASUREMENTS
AND
HEIGHTS:
One
male
and
h ee
emales
om
Tobago:
Leng h
o
o ea m,
38.5,
38.0,
38.0,
38.1.
Ele en
males
and
13
emales
om
Tobago:
o ea m,
37.1-
39.7,
36.
7-39.5.
Th ee
emales
om
Ba -
bados:
o ea m,
38.1,
37.9,
37.2.
Skull:
Eigh
males
and
eigh
emales
om
T inidad,
one
male
and
wo
emales
om
Tobago,
and
h ee
emales
om
Ba bados:
g ea es
leng h,
16.6-17.2,
15.8-16.3,
16.7,
16.2,
16.0,
16.0,
16.0,
15.8;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
10.2-
10.5,
9.2-10.2,
10.5,
10.2,
10.0,
9.8,
9.8,
9.8;
in e o bi al
cons ic ion,
3.5-3.6,
3.2-3.5,
3.6,
3.5,
3.5,
3.2,
3.1,
3.1;
b ead h
o
b ain-
case,
8.2-8.9,
7.8-8.4,
8.7,
8.5,
8.4,
8.2,
8.3,
8.0;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
6.0-6.2,
5.9-
6.0,
6.1,
5.9,
5.9,
5.9,
5.8,
5.9.
Weigh s:
One
hund ed
and
en
males,
6.5-15.0;
115
emales,
5.1-14.2,
including
107
non-g a id
emales,
5.1-12.7,
and
eigh
g a id
emales,
9.8-14.2;
wo
sucklings,
3.3,
3.3.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
Tobago:
Cha lo e-
ille,
i e
(B.M.),
14
(A.M.N.H.);
Sca -
bo ough,
ou
(A.M.N.H.);
Li le
To-
bago,
i e
(A.M.N.H.).
T inidad:
Cen eno,
i e
(A.M.N.H.);
Ma acas
Valley,
one
(A.M.N.H.);
Mo uga,
wo
(A.M.N.H.);
Po -o -Spain,
12
(A.M.N.H.);
San
Fe -
-nando,
h ee
(A.M.N.H.);
Sipa ia,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
In
1895
Ca acciolo
e-
po ed
ha
his
ba
was
no
e y
common,
bu
a
Po -o -Spain
colonies
o
mo e
han
300
indi iduals
a e
now
ound
be ween
he
ea es
o
buildings
and
he
gal anized
oo ing
whe e
he
ba s
ole a e
and
seem
oenjoy
empe a u es
as
high
as
1300
F.
This
ba has
also
been
ound
unde
palm
lea es
and
in
cocoa-d ying
sheds.
Molossus
majo
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
associa ion
wi h
Molossus
a e .
I
is
an
ea ly
lie
and
lea es
he
oos
30
o
40
minu es
be o e
da k,
while
he
sho -
ailed
swi
(Chae u a
b achyu a)
is
s ill
on
he
wing.
In
Augus
M.
majo
made
i s
i s
appea -
ance
in
he
e ening
a
Po -o -Spain
a
6:20
P.M.,
while
in
Decembe
i
was
seen
lying
a
abou
5:40
P.M.
Gene al
Elec ic
ligh -me e
eading
a
bo h
imes
egis e ed
3.5,
which
equals
abou
24
oo
candles.
BREEDING:
B eeding
males
ha e
been
aken
om
Ma ch
o
Augus .
On
Sep embe
17,
1957,
i e
non-b eeding
males
and
10
lac a ing
emales
wi h
single
young
we e
aken
in
an
a ic.
Single
young
ha e
been
ound
in
Oc obe
and
lac a ing
emales
wi h-
ou
young
in
Decembe .
The
sex
a io
is
ap-
p oxima ely
1:1;
o
596
collec ed
be ween
288
VOL.
122
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
289
Ma ch
and
Oc obe ,
1958,
291
we e
males
and
305
we e
emales.
FOOD:
Insec s.
PARASITES:
The
T inidad
Regional
Vi us
Labo a o y
(1958,
p.
97)
lis s
he
ollowing
species
o
mi es
om
T inidadian
Molossus
majo :
De manyssidae,
Icho onyssus
sp.;
Myobiidae,
Myobia
sp.
DISEASE:
One
specimen
aken
om
an
a ic
a
Po -o -Spain
was
ound
o
be
abies-posi-
i e.
Nume ous
o he
specimens
examined
we e
abies-nega i e.
REMARKS:
The
mandible
and
wing
bones
o
a
specimen
o
Molossus
m.
majo
we e
ound
in
he
nes
o
a
Spix
Scop
Owl
(O us
choliba)
in
T inidad,
a e
he
young
had
lown.
Molossus
ini a us
Goodwin
TRINIDADIAN
MASTIFF
OR
FREE-TAILED
BAT
Pla e
35,
igu es
4-6;
ex
igu e
101
Molossus
ini a us
GOODWIN,
1959,
Ame .
Mus.
No i a es,
no.
1967,
p.
1.
TYPE
LOCALITY:
Belmon ,
Po -o -Spain,
T inidad,
Wes
Indies.
RANGE:
T inidad;
known
only
om
ype
locali y.
GENERAL
CHARACTERS:
A
medium-sized,
blackish,
ee- ailed
ba
wi h
base
o
u
whi ish.
DESCRIPTION:
Fu
ela i ely
long,
so ,
and
lax,
eaching
a
leng h
o
6.5
mm.
on
shoulde s
and
ex ending
on
uppe
side
o
in e emo al
memb ane
om
base
o
one- hi d
o
i s
leng h
( ig.
101);
colo
o
uppe
pa s
a
dull
da k
Mummy
B own,
he
u
g ayish
whi e
om
base
o
abou
wo- hi ds
o
i s
leng h;
unde
pa s
Mummy
B own,
base
o
hai s
whi ish.
Skull
ela i ely
long
and
slende
o
Molossus,
wi h
a
ela i ely
na ow
b aincase
and
long
na ow
os um;
sagi al
and
occip-
i al
c es s
low
and
weakly
de eloped;
mo-
la i o m
oo h
ows
nea ly
pa allel,
only
sligh ly
di e gen
pos e io ly;
basisphenoid
pi s
la ge
and
deep;
pos e io
bo de
o
bony
pala e
wi hou
median
p ojec ion;
an e io
uppe
p emola
ela i ely
la ge.
MEASUREMENTS
AND
WEIGHTS:
The
ype
(a
semi-adul
male):
Leng h
o
o ea m,
49.3.
Skull:
G ea es
leng h,
22.0;
zygoma ic
b ead h,
12.7;
b ead h
o
b aincase,
9.7;
maxilla y
oo h
ow,
C-M3,
7.9.
Weigh s:
The
ype
and
an
imma u e
male:
19.3,
16.0.
SPECIMENS
RECORDED:
T inidad:
Po -o -
Spain,
wo
(A.M.N.H.).
San
Fe nando,
one
(A.M.N.H.).
GENERAL
HABITS:
P obably
much
he
same
as
hose
o
Molossus
a e .
FOOD:
Insec s.
DISEASE:
Specimens
examined
we e
abies-
nega i e.
REMARKS:
The
h ee
known
specimens,
which
we e
aken
in
houses,
include
he
ype,
one
opo ype,
a
ully
adul
male
wi h
a
ag-
men a y
skull,
and
one
imma u e
male
om
San
Fe nando.
1961
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
Poin -a-Pie e:
Wa d
in
Vic o ia
Coun y,
la i ude
100
20'
N.,
longi ude
610
24'
W.
Police
Headqua e s,
S .
Vincen
S ee :
Cen al
dis ic ,
Po -o -Spain.
Po -o -Spain:
Ci y
in
S .
Geo ge
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
38'
N.,
longi ude
61°
31'
W.,
ele-
a ion
om
sea
le el
o
500
ee .
The
capi al
o
T inidad
and
Tobago,
and
also
o
he
newly
ede a ed
Wes
Indies,
a ea
abou
3.7
squa e
miles
(1946).
Po -o -Spain
Ma on's
Qua e s,
Cha lo e
S ee :
Cen al
dis ic ,
Po -o -Spain.
P eau:
Village
in
O oi e
Wa d,
Vic o ia
Coun y,
11
miles
no h
o
Mo uga
on
he
Mo uga
Road,
ele a ion
100
ee .
P inces
Town:
Village
in
Sa ana
G ande
Wa d,
Vic o ia
Coun y,
8
miles
eas
o
San
Fe nando
on
he
Napa ima-Maya o
Road,
ele a ion
100
o
150
ee .
P incess
Ma ga e
Highway:
A
majo
pa ed
highway
leading
sou h
o
he
Chu chill-
Roose el
Highway
be ween
he
3-mile
pos
and
he
4-mile
pos
o
Chaguanas,
app oxima ely
8
miles.
May
be
called
Ca oni-Sa annah
Road.
P inces own:
See
P inces
Town.
Ra ine
Sable:
Village
in
Chaguanas
Wa d,
Ca oni
Coun y,
2
miles
sou heas
o
Longden ille
on
he
Ra ine
Sable
Road
o
he
Capa o
Valley-
B asso
Road,
ele a ion
100
o
200
ee .
Ra ine
Sable
Road:
Chaguanas
Wa d,
Ca oni
Coun y,
leading
sou heas
om
he
Capa o
Valley-B asso
Road
a
he
2-mile
pos .
Ra ine
Sable,
Ex ension
Road:
See
Ra ine
Sable
Road.
Regis
Road:
In
icini y
o
Cunupia.
See
Cunupia.
Rio
Cla o:
Village
in
Cocal
Wa d,
Na i a
Coun y,
26
miles
eas
o
San
Fe nando
on
he
Napa ima-
Maya o
Road,
o
15
miles
sou heas
o
Taba-
qui e
on
he
Tabaqui e-Rio
Cla o
Road,
ele a-
ion
100
ee .
Rio
Cla o,
Tabaqui e
Road:
See
Tabaqui e-Rio
Cla o
Road.
Rio
G ande
Fo es ,
Sang e
G ande:
In
Ma u a
Wa d,
S .
And ew
Coun y,
o es
a ea
abou
10
ai
miles
no heas
o
Sang e
G ande
be ween
Vega-de-O opuche
and
Ma u a
illage,
ele a-
ion
200
ee .
Rocha d
Road:
Sipa ia
Wa d,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y,
leading
no heas
om
Sadhoowa.
Rocha d-Douglas
Road:
Sipa ia
Wa d,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y,
oad
leading
eas
5
miles
no heas
o
Sadhoowa
o
Rocha d
Road.
Rocha d-Douglas
Road,
Mo uga:
See
Rocha d-
Douglas
Road.
Road
ex ends
as
ace
in o
Mo uga
Wa d,
Vic o ia
Coun y.
Rosa y
Chu ch,
Hen y
S ee :
Cen al
dis ic ,
Po -o -Spain.
Royal
Bo anic
Ga de s:
No h
dis ic ,
Po -o -
Spain.
Rus
S ee ,
S .
Clai :
Wes
cen al
dis ic ,
Po -
o -Spain.
Saddle
Road:
Bo de ing
Diego
Ma in
and
S .
Ann's
wa ds
in
S .
Geo ge
Coun y.
See
Ma a al
Road.
Road
leads
no h
o
Po -o -Spain
h ough
Ma a al
Valley
in o
he
No he n
Range,
u ning
eas wa d
o e
a
high
poin
called
"The
Saddle"
(abou
600
ee
in
ele a-
ion)
and
unning
sou hwa d
h ough
he
San a
C uz
Valley
o
San
Juan
on
he
Eas e n
Main
Road.
Sadhoowa:
Village
in
Sipa ia
Wa d,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y,
5
miles
sou h
and
eas
o
Pe ial
on
he
Pe ial
Rock
Road,
ele a ion
100
ee .
See
Pe ial
Rock
Road
illage.
S .
And ew:
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
35'
N.,
longi-
ude
610
10'
W.
S .
Ann's:
Dis ic
in
S .
Ann's
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
subu b
no heas
o
Po -o -Spain.
S .
Ann's:
Wa d
in
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
la i ude
100
41'
N.,
longi ude
610
28'
W.
S .
Augus ine:
Village
in
Taca igua
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
7
miles
eas
o
Po -o -Spain
on
he
Eas e n
Main
Road,
ele a ion
50
ee .
S .
Clai
A enue:
Wes
cen al
dis ic
o
S .
Clai ,
Po -o -Spain.
S .
Da id:
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
47'
N.,
longi-
ude
610
25'
W.
S .
F ancois
Valley
Road:
No heas
dis ic
o
Belmon ,
Po -o -Spain.
S .
Geo ge:
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
40'
N.,
longi-
ude
610
25'
W.
S .
Geo ge's
Ci cula :
A
oad
in
no heas
dis ic
o
Belmon ,
Po -o -Spain.
S .
James:
Wes
dis ic ,
Po -o -Spain.
S .
John
Road,
O opuche:
Small
oad
in
Sipa ia
Wa d,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y,
a
edge
o
he
own
o
O opuche.
S .
John's
Road,
Na i a:
Cha uma
Wa d,
Na i a
Coun y,
coming
o
he
Tabaqui e-Rio
Cla o
Road
abou
5
miles
sou heas
o
Tabaqui e
a
he
22-mile
pos
and
unning
wes wa d.
S .
John's,
Tunapuna:
See
Tunapuna.
S .
Joseph:
Village
in
Taca igua
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
6
miles
eas
o
Po -o -Spain
on
he
Eas e n
Main
Road,
ele a ion
50
o
500
ee .
S .
Ma y's:
Village
in
Sipa ia
Wa d,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y,
ele a ion
50
ee .
Also
called
O opuche.
S .
Ma y's
Bay:
On
no h
coas
o
Gaspa
G ande.
S .
Pa ick:
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
10'
N.,
longi-
ude
610
35'
W.
S .
Pe nice:
Es a e
nea
Gaspa illo,
San a
C uz
Valley.
Salaza
T ace:
La
B ea
Wa d,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y,
in
he
icini y
o
Poin
Fo in.
296
VOL.
12
2

GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
Samuel
Coope
Road,
Mo uga:
Sa ana
G ande
Wa d,
Vic o ia
Coun y,
leading
no h
o
he
Mo uga
Road
4
miles
sou heas
o
P inces
Town
a
he
4-mile
pos .
San
Fe nando:
Ci y
o
Napa ima
Wa d,
Vic o ia
Coun y,
la i ude
100
17'
N.,
longi ude
610
28'
W.,
he
second
la ges
ci y
in
T inidad,
40
miles
sou h
o
Po -o -Spain
on
he
Sou he n
Main
Road,
ele a ion
om
sea
le el
o
586
ee .
San
Fe nando-Sipa ia-E in
Road:
In
Napa ima
Wa d,
Vic o ia
Coun y,
bo de ing
Sipa ia
and
E in
wa ds
in
S .
Pa ick
Coun y,
leading
sou h
and
sou hwes
om
San
Fe nando
h ough
Sipa ia
o
E in,
a
dis ance
o
app oxima ely
25
miles.
San
F ancique:
Village
in
E in
Wa d,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y;
also
called
E in.
See
E in.
San
Juan:
Village
in
S .
Ann's
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
4
miles
eas
o
Po -o -Spain
on
he
Eas e n
Main
Road,
ele a ion
100
o
200
ee .
San
Raphael:
Village
in
San
Raphael
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
5
miles
sou h
o
A ima
on
he
Tumpuna
Road,
ele a ion
100
ee .
San
Raphael:
Wa d
in
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
la i ude
100
32'
N.,
longi ude
610
16'
W.
Sang e
G ande:
Village
in
Manzanilla
Wa d,
S .
And ew
Coun y,
29
miles
eas
o
Po -o -Spain
on
he
Eas e n
Main
Road,
ele a ion
100
ee .
Sang e
G ande,
Rio
G ande
Fo es :
See
Rio
G ande
Fo es ,
Sang e
G ande.
Sans
Souci:
Toco
Wa d,
S .
Da id
Coun y,
illage
on
no heas
coas
o
T inidad,
12
miles
wes
o
Toco
illage
on
Toco
Main
Road.
San a
C uz:
Village
in
S .
Ann's
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
2
miles
no h
o
San
Juan
on
Saddle
Road,
ele a ion
400
ee .
San a
C uz
Valley:
S .
Ann's
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
ex ending
no h
in o
he
No he n
Range
om
San
Juan.
Sau
d'Eau
Ca e:
Diego
Ma in
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
coun y,
on
seacoas
di ec ly
no h
o
Po -o -
Spain.
Sa ana
G ande:
Wa d
in
Vic o ia
Coun y,
la i-
ude
100
18'
N.,
longi ude
610
22'
W.
Sedass
Road,
Ca oni:
Inde ini e
locali y
in
Ca oni
Coun y.
Siege
Squa e,
Woodb ook:
Sou hwes
dis ic ,
Po -o -Spain.
Simla:
See
Simla
Es a e.
Simla
Es a e:
In
A ima
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
a
esea ch
s a ion
o
he
New
Yo k
Zoological
Socie y,
4
miles
no h
o
A ima,
A ima
Valley,
on
he
Blanchisseuse
Road,
pa
o
he
old
Ve dan
Vale
Es a e,
ele a ion
800
ee .
Sipa ia:
Village
in
Sipa ia
Wa d,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y,
19
miles
sou h
o
San
Fe nando
on
he
San
Fe nando-Sipa ia-E in
Road,
ele a ion
200
ee .
Sipa ia:
Wa d
in
S .
Pa ick
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
09'
N.,
longi ude
610
28'
W.
Sipa ia
Road:
Highway
be ween
Sipa ia
and
Pe ial,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y.
Sis e s
Fla ,
Cha lo e
S ee :
Cen al
dis ic ,
Po -o -Spain.
Sou he n
Main
Road:
A
pa ed
main
oad
com-
mencing
a
Ca oni
illage
in
Cunupia
Wa d,
Ca oni
Coun y,
leading
sou h
h ough
San
Fe nando
and
e mina ing
a
Bonasse
in
Ced os
Wa d,
S .
Pa ick
Coun y,
a
dis ance
o
app oxi-
ma ely
73
miles.
Sp ing
Hill:
A ima
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
in
A ima
Valley
no h
o
A ima
own.
Sp ing
Hill
Es a e:
In
A ima
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
6
miles
no h
o
A ima,
A ima
Valley,
on
he
Blanchisseuse
Road,
ele a ion
1500
ee .
A
Guacha o
Ca e
is
ound
he e.
Tabaqui e:
Village
in
Mon se a
Wa d,
Ca oni
Coun y,
15
miles
no hwes
o
Rio
Cla o
on
he
Tabaqui e-Rio
Cla o
Road,
ele a ion
250
ee .
Tabaqui e-Rio
Cla o
Road:
Leading
sou heas
om
Tabaqui e
in
Mon se a
Wa d,
Ca oni
Coun y,
o
Rio
Cla o
in
Cocal
Wa d,
Na i a
Coun y,
a
dis ance
o
abou
15
miles.
Tableland:
Village
in
O oi e
Wa d,
Vic o ia
Coun y,
91
miles
eas
o
P inces
Town
on
he
Napa ima-Maya o
Road
a
he
17-mile
pos ,
ele a ion
250
ee .
Taca igua:
Village
in
Taca igua
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
10
miles
eas
o
Po -o -Spain
on
he
Eas e n
Main
Road,
ele a ion
50
ee .
Taca igua:
Wa d
in
S .
Geo ge
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
40'
N.,
longi ude
610
23'
W.
Taca igua
Ri e :
T ibu a y
o
he
Ca oni
Ri e ,
Taca igua
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y.
Talpa o
Road:
Main
oad
be ween
San
Raphael
and
Talpa o
in
wes e n
San
Raphael
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y.
Tamana:
Wa d
in
S .
And ew
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
32'
N.,
longi ude
610
11'
W.
Tamana
Ca es:
See
M .
Tamana
Ca es.
Tamana
Hill:
See
M .
Tamana.
Toco:
Village
in
Toco
Wa d,
S .
Da id
Coun y,
284
miles
no heas
o
Sang e
G ande
on
Toco
Main
Road,
ele a ion
300
ee .
Toco:
Wa d
in
S .
Da id
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
47'
N.,
longi ude
610
03'
W.
Toco
Main
Road:
Leading
no heas
o
Sang e
G ande
o
Toco
illage,
a
dis ance
o
281
miles.
Todd's
Road
S a ion,
Ca oni:
Chaguanas
Wa d,
Ca oni
Coun y,
44
miles
sou heas
o
Longden-
ille
on
he
Capa o
Valley-B asso
Road,
ele-
a ion
200
ee .
To uga:
Village
in
Mon se a
Wa d,
Ca oni
1961
297
BULLETIN
AMERICAN
MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL
HISTORY
Coun y,
9
miles
sou heas
o
Cou a
on
Indian
T ail
Road,
ele a ion
200
ee .
Toussain
Road,
Las
Lomas:
Inde ini e
loca ion
nea
Las
Lomas.
T inidad:
Second
la ges
island
o
he
Wes
Indies
and
he
mos
sou he n
o
he
Lesse
An illes,
a
la i ude
100
03'
N.
o
100
50'
N.,
longi ude
600
55'
W.
o
610
15'
W.
T ini y:
Wa d
in
Maya o
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
10'
N.,
longi ude
610
09'
W.
Tumpuna:
Village
in
A ima
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
11
miles
sou h
o
A ima
on
he
Tum-
puna
Road,
ele a ion
200
ee .
Tumpuna
Road:
In
A ima
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
leading
sou h
om
A ima
o
Tumpuna,
a
dis ance
o
abou
11
miles.
Tunapuna:
Village
in
Taca igua
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
8
miles
eas
o
Po -o -Spain
on
he
Eas e n
Main
Road,
ele a ion
50
o
500
ee .
Tu u e:
Wa d
in
S .
And ew
Coun y
a
la i ude
10°
32'
N.,
longi ude
61°
07'
W.
Union
Hill,
Vic o ia
Village:
See
Vic o ia
illage.
*Uppe
Manzanilla:
See
Manzanilla.
Valencia:
Village
in
Valencia
Wa d,
S .
And ew
Coun y,
5
miles
eas
o
A ima
on
he
Eas e n
Main
Road,
ele a ion
200
ee .
Valencia:
Wa d
in
S .
And ew
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
41'
N.,
longi ude
610
10'
W.
Valencia-Cumaca
Road:
In
Valencia
Wa d,
S .
And ew
Coun y,
leading
o
Cumaca
no heas
om
Valencia.
Vega-de-O opuche:
Village
in
Manzanilla
Wa d,
S .
And ew
Coun y,
21
miles
no heas
o
Sang e
G ande
on
he
Toco
Main
Road,
ele-
a ion
50
ee .
Ve dan
Vale
Es a e:
In
A ima
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
4
miles
no h
o
A ima
on
he
Blanchis-
seuse
Road,
ele a ion
800
ee .
See
Simla
Es a e.
Vic o ia:
Coun y
a
la i ude
100
15'
N.,
longi ude
610
20'
W.
Vic o ia:
Village
in
Napa ima
Wa d,
Vic o ia
Coun y,
1I
miles
sou heas
o
San
Fe nando,
dis ic
o
San
Fe nando,
ele a ion
100
ee .
Vic o ia
Squa e
No h:
Cen al
dis ic ,
Po -o -
Spain.
Walle
Field:
See
Fo
Reid,
Walle
Field.
Wa e
Fall
Road,
Ma acas:
See
Ma acas
Wa e -
alls
Road.
Wa e loo:
Village
in
Chaguanas
Wa d,
Ca oni
Coun y,
2
miles
wes
o
Ca apichaima
on
he
Wa e loo
Road,
ele a ion
sea
le el.
Wa e loo
Road:
Chaguanas
Wa d,
Ca oni
Coun y,
leading
sou h
om
Ca apichaima
o
Cou a,
a
dis ance
o
abou
7
miles.
Wes e n
Main
Road:
Diego
Ma in
Wa d,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
main
pa ed
oad
leading
wes
om
Po -o -Spain
along
he
gul
side
o
he
no hwes
peninsula
o
he
Uni ed
S a es
leased
a ea.
Wes e n
T ace,
Mo uga:
O oi e
Wa d,
Vic o ia
Coun y,
in
he
icini y
o
Fi h
Company
il-
lage,
o
he
Mo uga
Road.
Whi eland,
Vic o ia:
Sa ana
G ande
Wa d,
Vic o ia
Coun y,
oad
junc ion
in
icini y
o
Williams ille.
Williams ille:
Village
in
Sa ana
G ande
Wa d,
Vic o ia
Coun y,
9
miles
no heas
o
San
Fe nando
on
he
Gua aca a-Tabaqui e
Road.
Woodb ook:
Sou hwes
dis ic ,
Po -o -Spain.
Wood o d
Squa e:
Cen al
dis ic ,
Po -o -
Spain.
Zagaya
Ca e:
In
Toco
Wa d,
S .
Da id
Coun y,
sou heas
o
illage
o
Mon e ideo
and
sou h
o
Sans
Souci,
ele a ion
1226
ee .
TOBAGO
Tobago
is
a
Wa d
o
T inidad
and
is
di ided
in o
se en
pa ishes,
iz.:
(1)
S .
Pa ick;
(2)
S .
And ew;
(3)
S .
Da id;
(4)
S .
Geo ge;
(5)
S .
Ma y;
(6)
S .
John;
and
(7)
S .
Paul.
As
is
he
case
wi h
T inidad,
geog aphical
in o ma ion
o
Tobago
is
incomple e
and
in
many
ins ances
inaccu a e.
Coo dina es
o
la i ude
and
longi ude
a e
gi en
o
ce ain
locali ies.
Ele a ions
a e
o
he
mos
pa
app oxima e.
A nos
Vale
Road:
P incipal
mo o
oad
in
no h-
wes e n
Tobago.
Cha lo e ille:
Village
in
S .
John
Pa ish,
28
miles
no heas
o
Sca bo ough
on
he
Wind-
wa d
Road,
la i ude
110
19'
N.,
longi ude
600
33'
W.,
ele a ion
sea
le el
o
300
ee .
C own
Poin :
S .
Pa ick
Pa ish,
8
miles
sou h-
wes
o
Sca bo ough,
he
ex eme
wes e n
poin
o
Tobago,
la i ude
110
08'
N.,
longi ude
600
50'
W.,
ele a ion
25
o
50
ee .
C own
Poin
Ca e
o
Robinson
C usoe's
Ca e:
S .
Pa ick
Pa ish,
limes one
ca e
di ec ly
on
side
o
cli
o e looking
ocean
a
C own
Poin ,
ele a ion
25
ee .
Fo
Geo ge,
Sca bo ough:
S .
And ew
Pa ish,
la i ude
110
10'
N.,
longi ude
600
44'
W.,
ele-
a ion
452
ee .
Go e nmen
House,
Sca bo ough:
S .
And ew
Pa ish,
1j
miles
no heas
o
Sca bo ough,
ele a ion
300
ee .
298
VO
L.
12
2
299
GOODWIN
AND
GREENHALL:
BATS
Les
Co eaux,
A nos
Vale:
Village
in
S .
Da id
Pa ish,
5
miles
no hwes
o
Sca bo ough
on
A nos
Vale
Road,
la i ude
110
13'
N.,
longi ude
610
45
'
W.,
ele a ion
250
o
300
ee .
Li le
Tobago:
An
island
2
miles
eas
o
Tobago,
la i ude
110
18'
N.,
longi ude
600
30'
W.
Mil o d
Bay:
Bo de s
ex eme
wes e n
ip
o
island,
la i ude
110
09'
N.,
longi ude
600
50'
W.
Locally
called
S o e
Bay,
a
C own
Poin .
M .
Pleasan ,
S .
Pa ick
School:
S .
Pa ick
Pa ish,
4
miles
no heas
o
C own
Poin ,
la i ude
110
09'
N.,
longi ude
600
48'
W.,
ele-
a ion
158
ee .
Old
G ange:
Dis ic
in
S .
Pa ick
Pa ish,
abou
1
mile
no h
o
M .
Pleasan ,
ele a ion
250
o
300
ee .
O ange
Hill
Es a e:
S .
Pa ick
Pa ish,
2
o
3
miles
no hwes
o
Sca bo ough,
ele a ion
250
o
300
ee .
O ange
Hill
Road:
Lea es
Sca bo ough
abou
i
mile
wes
o
own.
Pigeon
Peak:
Moun ain
in
S .
John
Pa ish,
la i ude
110
18'
N.,
longi ude
600
33'
W.,
ele-
a ion
1800
ee .
Plymou h:
Village
in
S .
Da id
Pa ish,
1l
miles
wes
o
Les
Co eaux,
la i ude
110
13'
N.,
longi-
ude
600
47'
W.,
ele a ion
100
o
200
ee .
Robinson
C usoe's
Ca e:
S .
Pa ick
Pa ish,
lime-
s one
ca e
a
C own
Poin ,
on
side
o
cli
o e -
looking
he
ocean.
Roxbo ough:
Village
in
S .
Paul
Pa ish,
17
miles
no heas
o
Sca bo ough
on
he
Windwa d
Road,
la i ude
110
15'
N.,
longi ude
600
35'
W.,
ele a ion
sea
le el
o
300
ee .
Sca bo ough:
P incipal
illage
o
Tobago,
in
S .
And ew
Pa ish
a
la i ude
110
11'
N.,
longi-
ude
600
44'
W.,
ele a ion
sea
le el
o
452
ee .
Sca bo ough,
Old
Go e nmen
Res
House:
S .
And ew
Pa ish,
I
mile
no h
o
wha
and
abo e
Sca bo ough
Bo anic
Ga den,
ele a ion
200
ee .
Sca bo ough
Bo anic
Ga den:
S .
And ew
Pa ish,
i
mile
no h
o
Sca bo ough
om
wha ,
ele a-
ion
100
o
200
ee .
Speyside:
A
illage
in
S .
John
Pa ish
abou
20
miles
no heas
o
Sca bo ough
on
he
Wind-
wa d
Road,
la i ude
110
18'
N.,
longi ude
600
30'
W.,
ele a ion
om
sea
le el
o
300
ee .
S o e
Bay:
See
Mil o d
Bay.
Tobago:
Wa d
o
T inidad,
la i ude
110
09
'N.,
longi ude
600
12'
W.
Windwa d
Road:
P incipal
oad
commencing
a
Sca bo ough
and
leading
no heas
o
Cha lo e-
ille.
I
is
being
ex ended.
1961
LITERATURE
CITED
ALLEN,
JOEL
A.,
AND
FRANK M.
CHAPMAN
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On
a
second
collec ion
o
mammals
om
he
island
o
T inidad,
wi h
desc ip-
ions
o
a
new
species,
and
a
no e
on
some
mammals
om
he
island
o
Do-
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W.
I.
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M.
1958.
Annual
epo
o
he
Depa men
o
Ag icul u e,
T inidad
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Po -o -Spain,
T ini-
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S.
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The
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o
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o d
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1960.
Chigge s
o
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W.
I.
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ANGEL
1957.
Ca alogo
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o
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0.,
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A
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HEMMING,
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1958.
A
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Hos
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he
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he
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wi h
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new
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o
he
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a
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he
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om
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he
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H.
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0.
1958.
Syl a ic
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F.
1955.
A
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o
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Land
b idges
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dis i-
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on
islands
o
he
no he n
coas
o
Sou h
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Sub ossil
mammals
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he
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MILLER,
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S.
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The
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Besch eibung
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Diclidu-
us.
In
Wied-Neuwied,
Maximilian,
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L.
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T ansmission
o
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Rabies
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he
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o
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wi h
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e e ence
o
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he
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o
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ol.
30,
no.
4,
pp.
401-422.
1948.
F ui -ea ing
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Ibid.,
ol.
42,
no.
2,
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173-
177.
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ROBERT
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Colo
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C.,
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COLIN
C.
1937.
Ame ican
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he
sub amily
Em-
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Publ.
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Desc ip ions
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DE
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301
1961

VOL.
122,
PLATE
7
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
-
...
2
3
6
9
1-3.
Rhynchiscus
naso,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
7439,
om
T inidad.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
4-6.
Saccop e yx
bilinea a
pe spicili e ,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
7508,
ype,
om
T inidad.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
7-9.
Saccop e yx
lep u a,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
7499,
om
T inidad.
7.
La e al
iew.
8.
Do sal
iew.
9.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
,.
6
-.-
N
F!
i
i '*A
i,
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
'o
~~.
A.~~~~~
.I
4
'OO"
3
2
6
1-3.
Pe op e yx
mac o is
mac o is,
adul
emale,
M.C.Z.
No.
16616,
om
Tobago.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
4-6.
Pe op e yx
mac o is
ini a is,
adul
emale,
U.S.N.M.
No.
101931,
om
T inidad.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
VOL.
122,
PLATE
8
1.
'A1%
.
4
VOL.
122,
PLATE
9
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~1~~~~~~~~~~1
1-3.
Diclidu us
albus,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
149167,
om
Colombia.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
4-6.
Diclidu u.s
scu a us,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
142908,
om
B i ish
Guiana.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do -
sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
I
4
3
w
2i
1-3.
Tona ia
minu a,
adul ,
sex?,
A.M.N.H.
No.
175625,
om
T inidad.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
4-6.
Tona ia
bidens,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
180261,
om
T inidad.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
VOL.
12
2,
PLATE
16
-A
I
._*
M
_
!
4;| -
40
1
41.-
1
k-,.
y
'AALIA
i.

BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
*
2
3
I
,.
,,I
I
.
,,
.1
I
1-3.
Loncho hina
au i a
au i a,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
184701,
om
T inidad.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
4-6.
Mimon
c enula um
c enula um,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
175586,
om
T inidad.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
1.
La e al
iew.
4.
La e al
iew.
VOL.
122,
PLATE
17
I
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
VOL.
122,
PLATE
18
kid
2
3
1-3.
Vampy um
spec um
spec um,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
17517,
om
T inidad.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
2
4-6.
Phyllos omus
has a us
has a us,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
24140,
om
T inidad.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
2
1.
La e al
iew.
4.
La e al
iew.
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
I.,
3
A'
4
(.
1-3.
T achops
ci hosus,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
175603,
om
T inidad.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
212
4-6.
Phyllos omus
discolo
discolo ,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
182914,
om
T inidad.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
212
VOL.
12
2,
PLATE
19
I
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
1i
2
3
4
i
~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~.
.1
5
1-3.
Glossophaga
so icina
so icina,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
176581,
om
T inidad.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
4-6.
Glossophaga
longi os is
majo ,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
182696,
om
T inidad.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
6
1.
La e al
iew.
4.
La e al
iew.
VOL.
122,
PLATE
20
I
I
I
40
.K
.0.
...
".
i .
-I'
I
0-
VOL.
122,
PLATE
21
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
4
6
1-3.
Anou a
geo oyi
geo oyi,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
175827,
om
T inidad.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
4-6.
Choe oniscus
in e medius,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
6072,
ype,
om
T inidad.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
I
0.1.
L
41
.O-
P
1-
--ki
W
JILNIFI -
,.,
.4
:....-
4.-.
1Z44J..,*
...S:
7-

BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
2
o.
4
'/
.I
N
1-3.
S u ni a
lilium
lilium,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
178652,
om
T inidad.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
4-6.
S u ni a
ildae,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
149625,
ype,
om
T inidad.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
VOL.
122,
PLATE
22
I
4*I
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
VOL.
122,
PLATE
23
2
3
4
I
1-3.
Ca ollia
pe spicilla a
pe spicilla a,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
184730,
om
T inidad.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
4-6.
U ode ma
biloba um
biloba um,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
175649,
om
T inidad.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
1.
La e al
iew.
4.
La e al
iew.
I
'41
.1
...-6
A
-o
T4.4-
.40
41,
-.IIINW.
WN
I.,
0,
41 z-
4
.1
1.)I
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
VOL.
122,
PLATE
24
2
3
1-3.
Vampy ops
helle i,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
149624,
om
T inidad.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
4-6.
Vampy odes
ca accioloi
ca accioloi,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
175642,
om
Tobago.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
I
.0,.a
1.
11
P
"P'..
1.
4
I
h
.
V
..
"S..':
P-1.
i
k
I
.i
.Y:
k
V
...
V'
'
"
5
7T
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
2
3
4
1-3.
Chi ode ma
ini a um,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
175325,
ype,
om
T inidad.
1.
La e al
iew
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
4-6.
Chi ode ma
illosum
illosum,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
175599,
om
T inidad.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
VOL.
122,
PLATE
25
llk&
I
I
i.
11I
k
i.
I.
ho,.A
"
.
Al...
..
.-A
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
'1I
k,
,-
2
3
1i
1
4
.6
S
6
9
1-3.
Lasiu us
bo ealis an zii,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
175719,
om
T inidad.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
4-6.
Rhogeessa
pa ula
minu illa,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
130677,
om
Venezuela.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
7-9.
Rhogeessa
umida
ipa ia,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
69968,
ype,
om
Venezuela.
7.
La e al
iew.
8.
Do sal
iew.
9.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
VOL.
122,
PLATE
32
%:1
jin

BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
3
4
4
,.
h,,&...-
,~~~~~~
g
w.
.1117'
6
1-3.
Tada ida
eu ops,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
179963,
om
T inidad.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
4-6.
Tada ida
b asiliensis
an illula um,
adul
male,
U.S.N.M.
No.
102073,
om
Tobago.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
4
VOL.
122,
PLATF,
33
I
N
I
l'.
0-.",
.
-4
'lip
.,
-,
...-T
.11.
-
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
A
i
;.I
..
,
."
..
.4w
14
3
4
i.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
,,
'
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..
%_(
.
,
.w-
5
7
8
m
wS9
1-3.
Molossops
g eenhalli,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
175326,
ype,
om
T inidad.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do -
sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
4-6.
P omops
cen alis,
adul
emale,
A.M.N.H.
No.
175652,
om
T inidad.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
7-9.
Molossus
majo
majo ,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
178668,
om
T inidad.
7.
La e al
iew.
8.
Do sal
iew.
9.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
VOL.
122,
PLATE
34
I
2
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
3
2
4
~.
';
N
%
6
5
1-3.
Molossus
a e
a e ,
adul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
7509,
om
T inidad.
1.
La e al
iew.
2.
Do sal
iew.
3.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
4-6.
Molossus
ini a us,
subadul
male,
A.M.N.H.
No.
179987,
ype,
om
T inidad.
4.
La e al
iew.
5.
Do sal
iew.
6.
Ven al
iew.
X
3
VOL.
122,
PLATE
35
!
I
-
4
l
4.
.,
-..'C.0
..k.
"
A,
'!
A
;
.
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
0
Un
C)
0
c0
C)
o
4)
(1-
C0
C)
N
Cd
C)
U)
C)
'*0
To
cn
0
0
U,
C)
I-
:0
,0
$*
'4
x
c',
0e
0
oC)
44C)
o
X.
0
O
VOL.
122,
PLATiF
36
BULLETIN
AMIER.
Mus.
NAT.
IIST.
2
1.
Head
o
Cen u io
senex.
T anslucen
eye
"windows"
men ioned
in
ex
a e
shown
in
skin
d awn
o e
chin
2.
Head
o
Vampy ops
helle i,
showing
de ails
in
s uc u e
o
nose
lea ,
wa s
on
lips,
and
whi e
acial
s ipes
Pho og aphs
by
T inidad
Regional
Vi us
Labo a o y
VOL.
122,
PLATE
37
I.

BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
AW,-.z,;
E.
..
4;
*
40
, o
w
VOL.
122,
PLATE
38
0
'2
C,,
0
C,,
o
0
_
_
2
c
_-
CI
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:;~~2.
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<~0~
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o
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S~~~2u
1
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I
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I'A
WI
46.
%,
p
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N.
All
1
4
4w.
i.
.I
.AP
.0
a
]
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
w,,
.
..
e?e
s
.
._
>.<.,-
£
..
....
s
.y
._=..,,:
;e
...
> s .- _-.# ........ *,. 9, W . .... ..
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A-
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__,,^.
...._.
;F_''
e
'.'
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^:+e,
i,,
A,,,,
.
..
<
s
w__;y_
s
.,
,,,
;...
F
_
.;
o- _ , _. , ,
._
iio
;_h
-
''4
_,
w__
,^w__
2
3
1.
Saccop e yx
bilinea a
pe spicili e
oos ing
in
spaced
o ma ion
on
unk
o
silk-co on
ee,
T inidad
2.
Rhynchiscus
naso,
oos ing
in
e enly
spaced
o ma ion
on
pilings
unde
a
Ca oni
Ri e
b idge
3.
Rhynchiscus
naso
oos ing
in
e enly
spaced
line
on
dock
pilings
a
Na i a
Ri e
Pho og aphs
by
A.
M.
G eenhall
Jo
VOL.
122,
PLATE
39
I
Z.
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
IN
2
A ibeus
li u a us
palma um.
1.
Roos ing
unde
a
clump
o
bougan illea
ines
a
Ma y
S ee ,
Po -o -Spain.
2.
Roos ing
in
a
shade
ee
a
Po -o -Spain.
Pho og aphs
by
A.
M.
G eenhall
VOL.
122,
PLATE
40
VOL.
122,
PLATE
41
BULLETIN
AMER.
Mus.
NAT.
HIST.
I
1.
The
No he n
Range,
El
Tucuche
in
he
cen e
2.
Ma acas
Valley,
S .
Geo ge
Coun y,
T inidad,
ex ending
no hwa d
in o
he
No he n
Range
om
Cu epe
Pho og aphs
by
A.
M.
G eenhall
I