May 1974
GE: ERAL : OTES
475
Al'i I~IPROVED TRAP FOR BATS
Nume ous me hods o collec ing ba s ha e been
den
"loped, he mos impo an o which
a e summa ized
by
Cons an ine (1958: 17) and
by
G eenhall and Pa adiso 1908:8-19),
Mos o
hese
an; use ul only unde
ela i ely es ic ed condi ions. E en he
widely-used
"mis ne " equi es cons an a en ion, soon becomes d.uuuged, and en angles ba s o such
an ex en ha Lipid handling o la ge numbe s is impossible. Cons an ine (19.58) i s de-
sc ibed an "au oma ic ba -collec ing de ice" capable o aking la ge samples. l~nlike "mis
ne s" Cons an ine's ap did no equi e
excessi e
labo o he emo al o cap u ed ba s.
His o iginal ap, which caugh mo e han -~5,OOO ee- ailed ba s.
,';;1.5
oo bulky o gen-
e al use, bu modi ica ions (Cons an ine, 1 :lS8; 1962; 1969) p oduc--c! smalle , olding aps
which we e easily anspo ed
by
wo
men. Each o Cons anu.«:", aps consis ed o a
single ec angula ame, suppo ing ine e ical wi es spaced u one inch in e als and
kep au . These aps p o ed sa is ac o y o an pi es and o as l~'ing ee- ailed ha s,
bu we e no gene ally use ul in cap u ing o he species.
In
o de o ap e icien ly he
highly
maneu e able esp - ilionid and
emballouueid
ba s,
I ha e de eloped a ap which employs a double ame and o he modi ica ions. This ap
is easily po able by one man and can be assembled o b oken do
II
in - .Sminu es. I can
be used unde a wide ange o condi ions and has p o en success ul in --c. p u ing many
empe a e and opical species.
The ap consis s o wo ec angula ames held wo inches apa by ou
I}
inch (.6i
cen ime e s. cm) h eaded s eel ods (Fig. Ia }. The sides o he ames consis o aluminum
ubes (inside diame e , 29 millime e s, nun: ou side di.une e , 32
111m)
72 inches (182.9
em) long. A hole is d illed 1~-i inches (3.2 em) om, each end o each ube o bol n.c
he ame oge he (Fig. l.b). and wo mo e loca ed
31,~
und
·nl
inches (h.3 and 10.8 em
up om he base on each side a e o a achmen o he bag suppo pla es Fig. Le}. TL,'
ex a se o holes allows o e ical adjus ue-n o he bag. Addi ional holes a e- d ll-d
22:;.! and 27::'_1inches (57.8 and 70.5 em) om he base o allow o a achmen o legs
(Fig.ld).
The uppe and 10 "(> ends o
eadl
a e iden ical, consis ing o o ();2-inch 157.,3
em) leng hs o ahuuinum ubing
(iHSH1c
diame e . 2.5 c- u ; ou idc
di.un. e .
2.8 em
The-
ends o each ube u e cu a ~·S d--m-cc-s. .uu] a i-incl 15.:2 c- u
'I
leng !
o
he same --ib'
o ubing is welded a ha an
ale-
Fig. 11, The end pieces a e' d illed
il
ma ch he hob--.
p e iously d illed in he sides in o which
LL>~-
elescope and a e bol ed. Holes a e
d ill 'cI
5
1
/-!
and :!l~S inches (13.3 and 5
i
cm
[ om each l'nd Fig. IlJ) o
sl. ppu
o l» alu-
minum angle o which he wi es a e a . clu-d.
Fo a achmen o wi e s ands a sec ion (I angled aluminum .59 inches
i
I-19.Y em) jUli'.c:
is d illed o ma ch he holes al eady p esen in he ame (Fig.
lb .
One sec ion is bol ed
o he base whe eas he o he is a ached o he op h~' means o ou
c-mch
(IL7 e n
I
h eaded s eel ods (Fig. Ib) which allow o udjus men o wi e ension. P io o in-
s alla ion on he ame he angled sec ions a e d illed a l-inch (2.5 em) in e als o allow
o a achmen o wi es (Fig. Ib ):
Recep acles o he legs a c o med by Tlding 1u i and -l
i- uch 20.7 and 10.8 c n'
pieces o aluminum ubing (inside diame e . 2.9
Oil;
ou side diame e :3,2
c u )
oge he a
an angle o 80 deg c 's ~Fig. l d . Each 10
1
~-inch 2G.7 em
'j
sec ion
is d illed 3~~~and
8
1
i
inches (8.3 and 21.0 cm ) om i s uppe e-nd, ~ 11o 'ing o a achmen o he ame
( Fig'. .ld ): A hole is d illed on he inne side o
iH:l'
~~inch 11.--1c n ) sec ion
Poi
inches
(3.2 em) om he lowe end, and a l_~-inch (.6-- cm : nu is welded
OH'
he hole (Fi~.
Ic ). Each leg consis s o wo :3o-indl (91.-4 em) sec ions o
l'lc<'-() ~n~
aluminum ubing
(inside diame e , 2.5 cm; ou side. diame e . 2.8 em i ing o e
inslue
diame e ,
:2.0
em;
ou side diame e , 2.2 e n}. The ou e sec ion is d illed 2
1
1-
inches (5.7
l'm)
om one
end,
and a %-inch
(.G--1
cm) nu is welded o e he hole
( ig.
Lc ).
TIll.'
L'~s a e a ached o
he kg ecep acles and adjus ed o leng h
by
use o humb bol s (Fig.
L'!.
476 JOURNAL OF MAM~IALOGY Vol. 55, No.2
The can as bag is 25 inches (6.3.5 cm) deep by 60 inches (152.4 cm) long and 14 inches
(.35.6 cm) wide a he op. The o iginal ma e ial is 60 inches (152.4 cm) long and 5~
inches (1.37.2 em) wide, allowing 2 inches (5.1 em) ex a pe side which is olded ou wa d
and sewed down along he en i e leng h. This lea es space o he suppo ing ods (Fig.
l.e) om which he hag is suspended. Bo h ends a e
comple ely
lined wi h plas ic on he
inside, and a s ip o plas ic 5 inches (12.7 em) wide and 15 inches (.38.1 em) long is
sewed e ically o he bag adjacen o he ends beginning a he op o he bag. I is
impo an ha all seams be u ned o he ou side so ha ba s canno climb ou . An ad-
di ional plas ic lap 18 inches (45.7 cm I oide and 60 inches (152.4 cm) long is sewed
along he edge, o he ou side o he hag, 2 inches (5.1 em) below he op on bo h sides
o he bag. Then each lap is sewed anam along he
le-ng h
o he inside o he hag 6
inches om he op, allowing a Iu-inch
'::':.5.-4
em) lap o hang ee
On
each side. Ba s
a e unable o climb he plas ic and ake shel e benea h he laps. Me al g omme s should
be a ached along he bo om o he bag, -in he middle, and a bo h ends o ac as d ains
in case o ain.
A
bal!
suppo pla e (Fig. Le) is bol ed o each end o he ap -Pi? inches (11.4 em)
abo e he base. Each pla e consis s o a single piece o aluminum I- inches (35.6 em)
long,
l~
inch (.32 em) hick, and
11/2
inches (3.8 em) wide. Fi e e ical slo s a c cu
%
inch (1.59 c n ] deep by '4 inch (.6~ cm) wide, a l 2-inch (1.27 cm) in e als .. be-
ginning
'/2
inch (1.27 c n ) om he end o each pla e (Fig. Ie ): Ho izon al slo s 2 inches
(5.1 cm) long by '.~ iw')' (.64 cm ) wide begin 4 inches (10.2 cm ) om each end (Fig.
Ie ): The la e allow o adjus men o dis ance be ween he ames. The bag is hung
om he suppo pla es
by
means o wo 72-inch (182.9 em) aluminum ods,
%:
inch (1.27
c n ) wide by '4 inch (.64 cm) hick. The ollowing nu s, bol s, and washe s a e equi ed
in o de o assemble he ap (all a e
1'4,
inch (.64 em) in dia nc --
0):
36 wing nu s, -14
egula nu s, 28 washe s ( o suppo a achmen s o angled aluminum), 14
3-ino:::h
(7.6
cm ) bol s, 10 ll 2-inch (3.8 cm) bol s, ou 2-inch (5.1 cm) bol s, and eiuh humb nu s.
A leas 12 o he nu s mus be aluminum in o de o pe mi helia c welding o a ach-
men o legs.
In o de o s ing he ap wi h wi e, he wing nu s on he ou 5-inch (12.7 cm ) h eaded
ods a he op o he ap (Fig. Ib) a e loosened un il each od p ojec s 3 inches helow he
ame. Sp ings a e a ached a j- nch in e als along he op (Fig. lh ), and he ap is
s ung wi h .OOS-inch (.20 mm ) diame e s ainless sp ing s eel wi e. Each s and is ied
May 1974 GENERAL NOTES 477
indi idually s a ing a one side and wo king o he o he . S and') should be pulled un il
ba ely igh in o de o insu e uni o mi y o ension. When he ap is s ung he wing nu s
a he op can be igh ened sligh ly in o de o adjus o any bow in he middle o he
ame.
Cap u e success o ba s- encoun e ing such a ap is la gely dependen upon wo ad-
[us nen s.
O
g ea es impo ance
IS
he ension o he e- ical wi es. Gene ally, he wi es
should be igh ened un il no slack emains, bu li le o no mo e. Special condi ions, how-
e e , necessi a e occasional adjus men , depending on he speed and angle o app oach o
he ba s. The au ness o he wi es should he di ec ly p opo ional o he speed o he ba .
When ba s escape
by
bouncing o , he wi es should be loosened, and when hey pass
comple ely h ough bo h ames, igh ened. The spacing o d es be ween he o ames
is no mally 3 inches. When he dis ance be ween he ames is ei he inc eased o de-
c eased he numbe o ba s capable o passing h ough bo h seems o inc ease.
I
is pos-
sible, howe e , ha sligh adjus men in wid h be ween he F ames would inc ease he
ap's e ec i eness o a pa icula species o body size o ha .
Like
"mis ne s," aps a c se whe e e ba s a e likely o pass; aps a e e ec i e in
ca e en ances, o e ails and s eams, unde small b idges, unde ees- in open ields,
and a wa e holes and eeding si es. Because one ap co e s an a ea o only 6 by 5 ee .
na u ally "closed-in" si es along a suspec ed lyway a e usually selec ed, o else b ush o
ne ing is used o educe he a ea h ough which bu s may l .
I hank ~I . A hu ~1. O eenhall o his ini ial sugges ion;, D . Cha les O. Handle ,
[ ..
o use o acili ies a he Uni ed S a es Xa ional Museum, D . Thomas H. Kunz o his ex-
ensi e es ing o ea ly ap designs, and D . Robe S. Ho mann o c i ically eading he
manusc ip . This wo k was suppo ed by g an s om he
u.s.
A my Medical Resea ch
and De elopmen Command (Con ac D.. -~9-193-~[D-l788), The Uni e si y o Kansas
Biomedical Sciences Suppo , he Theodo e Roose el Memo ial Commi ee o he Ame ican
Museum o Xn u al His o y, and he Elizabe h . 1. Wa kins
Fu .d
o he Uni e si y o Kansas
'Museum o Xa u al His o y.
LITERATCRE CITED
CO~STANTI:' E.
D. C. 1958. An au oma ic ba -collec ing de ice.
. .
Wildli e 1g-Il1 ..
17-22.
1962. Me hodes de luchn con ol
Ins
ampi os ansmiso es de la abin. BoL O ic.
Sani a ia Pana ne icana . .33:7-12.
1969. T .unpa po a il pa a ampi os usad., en
p og aiuas
de ca npanu nn i -
abicn. Bol. O c. Sani a ia Paname icana, 67:
39-!2.
CHEE ...•.iULL. : .
1..
A:' D
J.
L
PARADISO.
1968. Ba s and ba banding. Resou ce Publ.
Bu . Spo Fishe ies and Wildli e, 7l:i
+
1-18.
(EHU
D.
TCTTLE •.
[wellTn o
Na u al His o y, Uni .e si u
o
KaTl.'lQs.
La L' cncc
Kan'.>as
6604.5. Submi ed.
8
' ay
1.97.3.
Accep ed
6
Xocemhe 1.97.3.
