AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM/REED BOOKS
!D
THE MAMMALS OF
!D
U5JRAlR
The Na ional Pho og aphic Index o Aus alian Wildli e
EDITED
BY
RONALD STRAHAN
REED
, 1 iSTRAl.lAN
1 1 II S E IJ
1 1
o ){ 1) I; Rei I I R () P T F I{ /
Sco o epens sanbo ni
Size
Head and Body
l.eno ]:
48~52
m n
Tid
1
Leng h
31-34
mm
Fo ea m Leng h
31-35
mm
Weigh
68 g ( emales usually la ge han males)
Iden i ica ion
H own wi h a sligh l'lldish illgc
abo e: sligh ly ligh e below. Da k snou . Only
wo uppc inciso s.
Recen Synonyms
Sco e;nllS sanbo ni .
O he Common Names
Li le No he n
B oad-nosed Ba .
S a us
Common, limi e-d.
Subspecies
Llucc- ain .
Ex alimi al Dis ihu ion
New Guinea.
Re e ence
T ough on, E. lc G. (1937). Six new ha s
(Mic ochi op e a)
[ om
he Aus alian cgion.
Aus . Zool. 8: 274-281.
FolIO ing ox ensi « clea ing o coas al o es s
o suga cane a ming in no he n Queensland,
houses a e becoming I -quen oos si es. Such
oos s can con ain up o se e al hund ed ha s hu
mos colonies in na u al oos s, such as ee-
hollows, consis o 10 20 ba s.
Li le is known o b eeding hu , since p eg
nan emales ha e heen cap u ed in Augus and
Sep embe and he high-pi ched c ies o young
ha s han' I)('cn hea d in No e-mbe- , i ;lppl',lI'S h,l
mos young an' ho n ow.uds ill' cnd o
lu- Yl'a .
As wi h many in s i o o ux ha s, colonil's
.uc: clil
[icul o loca e in wiu
c .
Females a e la ge han males hu sin' is a i
,lble, e- e-n ,llllollg nll'llIlll' s o olle cololl),. TIl(' dis
ihu ion o he species o e- laps wi h ha o he
Eas e n B oad-nosed Ba in he coas al s ip he-
ween Cai ns and Ingham and sepa a ion o he
wo species on ex e nal cha ac e s is e y di l'icul .
L.S. I
L II
GA HOYE
ile
lnland Fo es Ba inluihi s
g ussl uu!
aiul
sauanna
IIlId is
ab!«
o
uos
ill qui » lull'
ees.
Inland Fo es
Ba
Vespadelus
ba e s ocki
Ki chene , Jones and Capu i, 1987.
('sll'-all-day' Ius h,l '-e -s ok'-l'l':
'Ban- s ock's hiddcn-ha '
'on uuou .uu] ilk" di." il
iu
c-d
ill 11'll
,lI
Aus alia, his ha inhahi s g assland, sa anna and
.,h uhland. In adap a ion o x un
cc]
('gl'la ion, i
oos s in ee-hollows ha can he c x -mcl
small and in ees ha mal' he onl a ew me es
~ ~
high. Ahandoned huildings a e some imes used as
oo.,! Si l'S.
Colonies ange in size om a ew indi iduals
o as l11<1ny<IS
50
o so. In eMly SUl11nHT,
Ic-malcs
cong eg<l e o ai:«. )'Ollllg in colonies 1'1'0111whic]:
111<1les<lIT excluded excep (app.m-n l ) o
l11a ing ixi x. The single young is ca ied hy i s
mo he un il i s l"iuh a l"cels lu- liuh
.uid
is
b ~
hen le in he oos .
Vespadelus bci e s ocki
;
M I I. Y V ESP E IZ TIL ION I D ; E
Vespadelus ba e s ocki
Size
Head and Body l.enq ]:
3643 (40) 111m
Ta !
l.cnq ],
26-34 (30)
mm
Fo ea m l.enq ]:
26 32 (29)
m n
IVeiHhl
36 (5)
g
Iden i ica ion
Do sal u pale sandy b own,
much pale en ally whe e he hai sha s a e
bicolou ed, being da k b own a he base wi h
c eam o e y pale b own ips. Simila in appea -
ance o o he
Ve,pmlelLls,
bu skin o ea s and
Illembl"anes is pale g ey (no da k g ey as in o he
species). The pale agus is dis inc i e, as is he
unnel-shaped glans o he penis. The emu o
bo h he Inland o es Ba and Finlayson's Ca e
Ba
(VJlnlaysoni)
is u ed hal way o he knee;
bu is u ed wo- hi ds o he way in he Eas e n
Ca e B<l
(I:
lTOuBhlOni);
and only spa sely hai ed
in he Li le Fo es Ba
(I:
ul u nus , These h ee
species may he sy npa ic wi h he Inland Fo es
Ba a he bounda ies o he a id zone.
Recen Synonyms
None.
O he Common Names
None.
Subspecies
None.
Re e ences
Ki chene ,
D.].,
B. Jones and N. Capu i (1987).
Re ision o Aus alian
El'lesicLls
(Mie o-
chi op c- a: Yespe ilionidae).
Hec. lIes . ALlS .
.l/m.
13: 427 500.
Rea don, TB. and S.C. na el (1987).
A guide
10
lic liu , "{S,,ulh Aus a ,«. Sou h Aus alian
Muxc-u u ,
Adelaide.
Thl' o aging hc.h.i iuu o he Inland hJlTs
B, i.s "Jlll op i,lk o i s open hahi " . I lies
apidly, cO 'lTing a h oad sea ch a ea, hu is su Ti-
cien ly manoeu able o PUI"Slll' mo hs ha may
a l'mp o ,l oid C,1p UI"l'.
G.c.
H.ICHAIWS
535
ORDER CIIIROPTER./
The Wes e n Caue Ba inhubi s ocky coun y
ill
ile
no he n Kimbe ley
ali !
No he n Te i o y.
Wes e ll
Ca e Ba
Vespadelus cau
uius
(Thomas, 191
L~)
ko -ccn ' -us: 'no h-wes e n hidclon-ba '
The Wes e n Ca e Ba occu s only in he a
no he n pa s o he No he n Te i o y and
Kimbe le o Wes e n Aus alia. I is asonabl
common h oughou i s ange and is equen ly
encoun e ed in ca es and disused mine-s. In his
espec , i clillc- s om o he no he n species o
Vespadelus,
which a c mainly nT-lkelling. O .h
species, such as he Dusky Lea 'nosed -ha and
Common Shca luail-ha ., ol cn sha e i s can' oos s.
M - illc I~
Vespadelus cau i ius
536
Vespadelus cau inus
Size
Head and Body Leng h
30-40
mm
Fo ea m Leng h
26--35 mm
IIcil/h
3-5
g
Iden i ica ion Small in size. Dis inguished by
da kly pigmen ed ba e skin egions and ca e-
dwelling habi . Sepa a ed om o he species o
Icspadelus
on c anial, den al and baculum cha ac-
e is ics.
Recen Synonyms
Ep esicus pu nilus
cou inus,
Fp esicus
cau inus.
O he Common Names No he n B own Ba ,
Li le B own Ba , Li le No he n Ca e Ba .
S a us Common.
Subspecies Nunc.
Re e ences
Ki chene , D.]" B. Jones and N. Capu i
(1987).
Re ision o Aus alian
Ep esicus
(Mic o-
chi op e a:
Vespe ilioniclae).
ReI'. Wes . Aus .
Mus. 13: 427-500.
Thomson, B.G.
(1989).
A Field
Guide
o Ba s ~ he
No he n Te i o y.
Conse a ion Commission o
he N.T., Da win.
A dusk, i enlnges o Il) age lo smalillying
insec s in opical oocll.md , g assland o pa ches
o ine hicke . Wi hin a oos , i is usually ound
in small g oups o as soli a y indi i.lu. ls.
Mall' ni y coloni s may con ain se e al hund ed
indi iduals. One young ( a ely wo) is bo n in
Oc obe o No embe- and is ini iall ca ied on
j
he mo he while she o ages. As he young in-
c ease in size, hey a c le in small c eches on he
ca e oo .
Ma e ni y colonies a c
pa
icula l sensi i e
o dis u bance by human in usion. P eda o s in-
clude a ious py hons, he B own T ee-snake,
goannas and owls. Ghos Ba s also p ey on he
Li le No he n Ca e Ba s, some imes aking
hem in Iligh nca oos en ances.
B.
THOMSON
The La ge Fo es Ba has
longe u
han allY o he
membe o i s genus.
La ge Fo es Ba
Vespadelus da lin q oni
(Allen, 1933)
da !' -iuo- un- -c: 'Da ling on's hidden-ha '
-> ~
The long u ,1I1dgn',Ill' sizl' ha sepa a e he
La ge' Fon's Ba om o lu- numlu- s o i s genus
enable i o lin: in egions o coole clima e on
he con inen . Res ic ed o mon ane a eas abo e
)00 nl ' es in he no h o i s ange', i cx c-nds o
lowe al i udes owa ds he sou he n limi s: in
Tasmania, i occu s a sea-le el. Ex ending in o
Queensland nca he New Sou h Wales bo de , i
is common in he ex cnsi c ain o es s ha co e
he McPhnson Rang"s. I u ilises .1wid« a ie y
o habi a s om ain o es s, h ough we and d y
eucalyp lo cs s and subalpine woodland o alpine
moo s. A lowe- al i ud -s i is eplacl"d by he
Sm,lll lo -x Ba .
Wi hin he las se en million yea s i has col-
onised Lo d Howe Island, whe e i occu s o sea-
le el. The mode a ing e ec o he su ounding
ocean on he clima e o his small island has allowed
he La ge Fo es Ba o u ilise ele a ions which i
docs no occupy on he adjacen mainland.
Adap ed o cool clima es, i is able o o age
o small insec s du ing mild nigh s in win e
when o he species a e in hibe na ion, I is hus
able o eed wi h li le compe i ion a a ime o
yea when ood is sca ce. Colonies o up o 60
b,l s han' lxcn ound in hollows in old eucalyp s
Vcspculelus
da linq oni
o ~
J
537
() R D ERe
II I
R 0
I'
T E R /
Vespadelus da linq oni
Size
Head and Body l.e iq ]:
38-50 (44)
mm
Tail Len81h
31--38 (34)
mm
o ea m l.cnq ]:
32--37 (34.5) mm
Weigh
6--10 (8)
g
Iden i ica ion La ges
Vespculcl us
species
inhabi ing o es s o cas coas o Aus alia.
Dis inguished l om I: pu nilus and
J:
ul u nus by
longe o ea m (mo e han 32.5 mill) and longe
u . Males sepa a ed om hose o I:
calllus
on
shape o glans penis. Females di icul o idcn il
excep by skull cha ac e is ics.
Recen Synonyms
Ep csiClls
pu nilus,
ScolOphilus
pumilus, Ep esicus saqiu ula .
O he Common Names La ge Fo es
Ep esicus, La ge Fo es Vespadelus.
S a us Res ic ed o mon ane a eas abo e 300 m
in no he n pa o ange bu mo e widesp ead in
sou he n end o dis ibu ion, ex ending o sea-
le el in Tasmania. O en locally common.
Subspecies None.
Re e ences
Ki chcnc , D.]., B. Jones and N. Capu i (1987).
Re ision o Aus alian
Ep esicus
(Mic o-
chi op c a:
Vespe ilionidae).
Bee.
II'Cs .
A us .
Mus.
13: 427-500.
McKean, J.L.,
G.c.
Richa ds and
W.j,
P ice
(1978). A axonomic app aisal o
Eplcsicus
(Chi op c a: Mammalia) in Aus alia.
Alii/.
J.
Zool. 26: 529-537.
in sou he n New Sou h Wales and Tasmania.
S udy o a colony on he cen al coas o Ne '
Sou h Wales showed ha single youllg a c bo n
om la e No embe o ea ly Decembe and ha
ju eniles a c ee- lying by la e Janua y o ea ly
Feb ua y. Males a c sexually ac i e in la e
Feb ua y and ea ly Ma ch.
G.A.
IIOYE
538
Tile li le-knoum Yellou-lippc l ia oos s in ca es,
Vespadelus douqlaso um
Ki chcnc 1976
,
cluo ' -Ias-o '-u n ': 'Dou ;las' hidden-hal'
b ~
Because his ba is known onl om he emo e
Kimbe le egion o Wcs c n Aus alia and has
ollly ecell ly been ecognised as a species, li le is
known o i s biology. I is usually collec ed o e
c eeks o nca pools om hose no h-wes e n
pa s o he Kimbl'l"ley en'i 'illg annual ain all in
excess o 800 millime es and has no been eco d-
ed in a eas ecei ing less han 600 millimc cs.
The Yellow-lippnl I ; is insc-c i o ous alld
appea s o be a s ic c;l (·dwelle , oos ing in
colonies o up o
SO
indi iduals. Al hough i has
Iwen caugh in he sallH' mis -ne s
;1S
he li lc-
Ca e Lp(('sicus, i is no known o sha e oos s
wi h ha species. Tha i o ms
na
c n
i
g oups
is indica(('d
I1 '
he ac ha sc n o io h incli id-
~ b
uals apped in a ca e in Ma ch wc emales wi h
l'nl; gl'd ca
s:
h« o
lu heing a ju enile malc-.
Like llIan)' o lu- no he n cspc -i ilionids i ap-
pea s o gin' bi h o a single young wi hin he
pe iod om he end o he d y season o he mid-
dle o he w season.
D.J.
KlIlIIL.NI:I~
Vespadelus douqlaso um
Size
Head and Body Leng h
3+-43 (39)
mm
Tail Leng h
32-39 (36)
mm
Fo ea m Leng h
34-38 (36)
mm
Weigh
ci ca
5g
Iden i ica ion
Bod a e ish o oli e bu ;
,b ,
head, ee and o ea ms yellow; pa ch o ligh
yellow u on he unde su ace, pos e io o
a ms. Dis inguished om
V pumilus
b)' longe
o ea m, ellow colou o head, ee and o e-
a ms. Ligh colou a ion o ace highligh s glan-
dula pads a sides o mou h, gi ing ace a less
poin ed appea ance ha in
V pumilus,
Recen Synonyms
Ep esicus
JOllglasi.
O he Common Names
La ge Ca e
Ep esicus, Yellow-lipped Ep esicus.
S a us
Ra e, sca e ed. Possibl unde es ima ed.
Subspecies
None.
Re e ence
Ki chene , D.]. (1976).
Ep es cus JOllglasi,
a new
espe ilionid ba om Ki nbe ic , Ves e n
Aus alia. Rcc. Wcs . .lux .
JllIS.
4: 29:;- 30 1.
co
Vespadelus dou
qlaso um
FAMILY VESPERTILIONIDAE
Finlayson's Ca e Ba
Vespadelus inlaysoni
Ki chene , Jones and Capu i, 1987
in' -Ia -sun-ee: 'Finlayson's hidden-ba '
Fin la sons Ca e Ba was i s desc ibed as a sep-
a a e'species in 1987 du ing a axonomic e i-
sion o Aus alian species o
Ep .esicus .
I was
named a e he Sou h Aus alian biologis ,
Hccllc
Final son in honou o his wo k on
mamn~als o 'a id Aus alia. Th oughou i s p e-
sen ange, i is easily dis inguished b) he com-
bina ion o i s small size and da k h -own - us
ed colou . Howc e , p esen dis ibu ion
eco ds show ha i s ang" abu s ha o o he
Icspa, cllls
and
PiplS1 clllls
,pecies om "hich i is
less cadil dis inguished. Should u he c(JI-
Iec ing ,h:JW ha i s ange docs o e lap wi h
hese ~pecies, cha ac c is ics such as hum c us
leng h and shape o ee h and penis will need o
be examined o iden i ica ion.
O he ou ca e-dmJling i'espculciu, species,
Fin la sons Ca e Ba has b) a he b oades
oeoG~aphic anee.
I e;
habi a ex ends om he
Jes~ s o Cen~al Aus alia (whe e annual ain-
all can be less han 100 nilli nc cs) o coas al
cu .al p - l o n
ina c-«]
sh ublands wi h ain all
Vespadelus
Jinla)iSOni
)39
Vespadelus jinla)'soni
Size
Head and Bod)' Leng h
34.3-46.4 (40.1) mm
Tail Leng h
30.7----42.0 (35.2) mm
Fo ea m Leng h
29.8-36.7 (32.8)
mm
H"eigh
3-7
g
Iden i ica ion
Back u da k b own bu
wi h us - ed hue. Bell:' u ligh e in con as .
Long u ex ends om o ehead well on o os-
um. Skin o ea s and wings da k. The only
o he membe o he genus in he ange,
V ba e s ocki, is eadily dis inguished b ha ing
ligh b own u .
Recen Synonyms
Pipis ellus [inla soni ,
,l ~
.J
J ./
Ep esicus inl a)'Soni, Ep esicus pumilus,
Sco ophilus
pumilus.
O he Common Names
Li le Ca e
Ep esicus, Li le B own Ba .
S a us
Abundan .
Subspecies
None.
540
mo e han 800 millime e's pe yea . Vi hin his
b oad ange, i i, ne e- a om ock:' ou c ops
o hil l c aiu he e can's, c acks and issu es
p o ide na u al oos si es .. ' bandoned mine
sha s and ad
i
s an'
al-.o
u ilised. : .'iingk colon:
m
ax
c: lTl'd
:;()U indi iclual-
bu much smalle
g oup' a c usual. In lan's, is'iUIT' and mines
i o casionall oo.s :.; in he abandoned nc's s o
Fai y :' la ins. a he cn ancc o unde ocky
mc hangs. In he no he n hal o i s ange,
Finla son 's Can' Ba o en cohabi s wi h he much
la ge Hill':.; and Common Shca h ail-ba s. I has
also been e(onkd as <ha in« ca s and mines
::--
wi h he Ghos Ba , e en hough his is one o i s
ew na u al p eda o s.
Re e ences
Maddock, T.H. and A.N. McLeod (1976).
Obse a ions on he Li le B own Ba ,
Epiesicus
pumilus cau inus Thomas in he Tennan C eek
a ea o he No he n Te i o , Pa I:
In oduc ion and b eeding biology.
S. Aus .
i:«.
50: 4250,
Ki chene , D.j., B. jones and N. Capu i (1987).
Re ision o Aus alian
Ep esicus
(Mic o-
chi op e a: Vespc ilionidae).
Rec. IV
AllS .
Mlls.
13: 427-500.
B.G. THOMSON
Finlayson's CaFeBa oos s in ca es, in colonies up o
500 o mo e indi iduals. I was no desc ibed un il 1987.
I has a lu c ing ligh
wi l:
as and seem~
ingh e a ic changes o di ec ion and is common-
l obse ed a wa c holcs , o aging o insec s
and
occasionall
dipping in o he wa e o d ink.
I s did has no been dde minul hu i is likeh
ha small nio h-'. mosclui os .in.l l;'ing an s a c
among
ill'
in'c'Ch (',l en.
The e
is
"JIl1l' . i.u io : in he ime o l'p o~
duc ion. Th.: nn- s uclicd !)()pul.l ion is a
Tennan CnTk in he :o lll' n Tc- i o . In his
locali , oun~ ma; hl' ho n h oughou he ;Ta ,
wi h peaks in 1a ch and Sep embe o Oc obe ,
sugges ing ha emales na;' b eed wice a yea .
: I hough a 'oinglc ;'oung is usual, nca I; 20 pe
cen o bi h- a c wins. Fu he , sou h, whc «
seasons a c mo e dis inc , he e is ou! one
b eeding season, ;'oung being ho n in la e sp ing
o ea ly summe ,
Unlike mos o he call' -d elling sjwcies, he
Tennan
C ee-k
ha s do no o m ma e ni y
colonies. o hc s ca ; hei ;oung o a sho
ime a e bi h. Young ha -. dcye!op quick l and
a c
capable
o ial ligh s whe-n h ee o ou
Il'eks old.
Despi e i , ,1ppan·n l; ha sh and a ied habi-
a , Finla -ons Ca (: Ba i'o mo e agile han he
o es ~d l'lIillg species o i s genus, Cap u ed
animals deh;d a e quickly, a c T y easily s essed
and he e o e C'(lui e ca e ul handling. HO T e ,
i s su - i al appc'a s no o he unde any im nccli-
a e h ea .
T. B.
RHIW(J:
FAMILY VESPERTILIO:"IDAE
Eas e n Fo es Ba
Vespadelus pumilus
(G a , 1841)
.
.
poom -il-us: 'dwa hidden-ba
Al hough his species is equen ly cap u ed in
ba - aps
in he sou he n pa o i s ange, li le is
known abou i s ecological equi emen s and gen-
e al biology. This is pa ly due o i s ede ini ion
in 1987, be o e
whic],
i had been con used wi h
Epicsicus
da lino o n (bo h species being combined
as
E. saci ula .
I now becomes ob ious ha ,
p io o 1987, he name
pumilus
was applied o
se c a] o he species.
Vespadelus pumilus
Size
Head and Body Leng h
35-44
mm
Tail Leng h
27-34
mm
Fo ea m Leng h
30.1-33 (31.6)
mm ( emales)
29.0-32 (30.5)
mm (males)
Weigh
3.5-6 (4.9)
g ( emales)
3.5-4.5 (3.9)
g (males)
Iden i ica ion
Simila o l~da linq oni bu
smalle . Males dis inguished om o he
Vespadelus
(excep
da ling oni)
by sho , angled
penis. Usually dis inguished om V da linq oni by
smalle size: o ea m leng h o
V pumilus
adul
males less han 32.5 m n , adul emales less han
33 mm. Females some imes di icul o dis in-
guish om
egulus,
bu head appea s mo e
domed; u colou and skin pigmen a ion o ace
and wings usually da ke . Dis inguished om
V ul u ius by da ke u , skin o ace and
54]
