On Chinese Mammals

PROCEEDINGS
OF TIIB
SCIENTIFIC l EETINGS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON
FOR TIIE YE.AR
1870.
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY,
AND SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER SQUARE.
LONDO�:
:MESSRS. LO.NG�IANS, GREEN, READER. AND DYER,
PATETIXOSTF.n now.
I
1870.J MR. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS, Gl5
9. Ca alogue o he Mammals o China (sou h o he Ri e
Yang sze) and o he Island o Fo mosa. By RonERT
Sw nHoE, F.Z.S.
PRIMATES,
1. l.:IYLOBATES, sp. (Gibbon.)
A species o black Gibbon is said by he Chinese o exis in he
conn y wes o Can on. I may be he same as he animal ound
in Hninan, which I ha e a emp ed o iden i y wi h he I-I. pi
lea us, G ay (see an e?,, p. 224). The B i ish Museum has a young
specimen o P esby es mau us (Sch ebe ), and an adul Silenus
e e (Linn.), bo h p esen ed by M . John Ree es, who b ough
hem wi h him om China (see Lis o l Iamm. B i . l ius. 18-13).
Bu i is e y doub ul indeed whe he ei he o hese species occu s
wi hin ou limi s; hey we e p obably p ocu ed a Can on, whi he
me chan ships o junks had b ough hem. The e idence is no
su icien o jus i y on admi ing hem in o he Chinese lis o mam
mals. F iends who ha e a elled h ough o es s in he moun ains
o he Fokieu p o ince ha e in o med me ha hey ha e seen oops
o monkeys in some places; bu I ha e ne e had he good o une
o mee wi h any o hese ee-monkeys.
2. l iACACUS SANCTJ-.TOHANNJS. (S . John's l Ionkey.)
lnuus s mc i-johannis, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 556.
This ock-monkey is ound on mos o he small islands ahon
Hongkong, and is like a Rhesus wi h a e y sho ail. The
young specimen aken ali e by Commande S . John, R.N., on No h
Lena Island, did no li e o ma u i y in he Ga dens o he Socie y ;
and he e o e i was no de e mined a home whe he he species is
eally a alid one. D ied bodies o his animal spli in wo a c o en
exhibi ed, hanging om he ceiling, in d uggis s' shops, in Can on
and Hongkong; and i s bones a e used o medicinal pu poses. I s
closes ally is he Pig- ailed 1'1onkcy (lllacacus nemes inus, Is.
Geo .) o Tenasse im ; bu i seems o me o be a dis inc ace.
3. MAcAcus CYCLOPIS. (Fo mosan Rock-monkey.)
ll acacus cyclopis, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 350, pl. xlii. ; 1864,
p. 380; Scla e , P. Z. S. 1864, p.711 (woodcu ).
The specimens ha we e li ing in he Socie y's Ga dens ha e
died, and a e now monn ed in he B i ish l Iusenm. These adul s
a e s ongly inged on he uppe pa s wi h oli e-g een, eckled
wi h da ke colou .
The Rock-monkey o Hainan appea s o be he o dina y Macacus
e y h ceu�. (See an eu, p. 226.)
4. NYCTICEBUS TARDIGRAnus (Linn.). (Slow-paced Lemu .)
Has been b ough ali e om Can on, and p esen ed o his Socie y
PRoc. ZooL. Soc.-1870, No. XLII.
616 MR. R. SWJNHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS. [June 23,
(P. Z. S. 1863, p. 37 i); is called in Chinese ll e-slmy, and said
o come om he sou h-wes pa o Kwang ung P o iuce.
CHIROPTERA.
'l'he Ba s I p ocu ed du ing my las esidence in China I sub
mi ed o P o . W. Pe e s o Be lin, who has kindly supplied me
wi h he names o hose known, and wi h desc ip ions o he new
species. In he ollowing lis D . Pe e s's no es a e placed wi hin
in e ed commas.
5. "CYNONYCTERIS AMPLEXICAUDATA, Geo oy." (Flying Fox.)
A emale o his ugi o ons Ba was b ough o me a Amoy in
May 1866. I was dead, bu hau a li e young one s ill as ened o
i s b eas . The young animal was mo e han a hi d he size' o he
mo he , co e ed wi h so ine hai on he uppe pa s, and nea ly
naked below; i s colou was b own, like ha o i s pa en , bu did
no show he nuchal band. I ne e saw bu hese wo specimens.
6. MEGADERMA LYRA, Geo . (Ly e-nosed Ba .)
A pai o his ne species we e cap u ed in an ou house a Amoy.
I ha e seen hem o a summe 's e ening lying e y high o e he
own o Amoy.
7. "PHYLLORHINA AURITA, Tomes;" P. Z. S. 1859, p. 7G.
(La ge-ea ed Lea -nose.)
This La ge-ea ed Lea -nose is common a Amoy in _May; and I
ha e a good se ies o hem. A smalle sho -ea ed species I p o
cu ed wo o in he celeb a ed ca e a Kelung (N. Fo mosa ), and
sen home in spi i s (P. Z. S. 18G4, p. 381).
8. "PHYLLORHTNA SWINHOH, Pe e s, n. sp." (Swinhoe's Lea .
nose.) -::: R c h--�•-•�Q..,,J��6,.
"Ph. maxima, au iculis acumina is, ape u a on ali pa a, p os he
ma e en-o-equino mul o angus io e, o eis qua uo insigni ,· cauda
c u e longio e; sup a
usca el uliginosa, co/lo gas ,eoque pal
lidio ibus.
"'l'his species is o he same size as, o s ill la ge han Ph. dia
dema, Gco . ( =Pi . insignis, Ho s .), bu easily o be dis inguished
by he o m o i s uppe nose-lea � which is much na owe han he
ho seshoe and he middle nose-lea .
"An ib achium ....•... ......••....
Tibia ......................... .
Foo .. . . . . . . . . . • ....••..•.....•
milli us.
84-90
30-3G
20"
A la ge numbe o hese we e aken in summe in a ca e nea
Amoy.
9. "M1NIOPTRRUS BLEPOTIS, Temminck ;" Tomes, P. Z.
S.
1858,
p. 12 l. (Red-and-black Ba .)
A e y abundan species in summe a Amoy, ound in numbe s
l8i0.] MR. R, SWINIIOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS, Gl7
hidden in ca e ns. The emales and young a e e ldish-b own, he
aJul males black.
10. "VESPERTILIO Fil IBRIATUS, Pe e s, n. sp." (F inged Ba .)
"Closely allied o V. ema gina us, Geo . Ea s a he mo e ema 
gi11a e and mo e poin ed; agus s aigh and sho e ; wings ex enJ
i11g o he middle o he me a a sus; ma gins o in e emo al and
lumba memb anes cilia ed.
"Thi d lowe inciso ho izon ally hal as long as he canine.
Uppe canine and hi d p emola close oge he han in V. ema gi
na us o V. dauben onii, he second small p emola being si ua ed a
he inne side o he hi d.
" Abo e ligh b own, below ash-colou ed, all he hai a he base
sla e-colou ed.
" To al leng h abou ...............
.
Head ......................... .
To al leng h o ea ............... .
An e io ma gin o ea ...........
.
T agus .. ....................... .
Fo ea n1 ......................••
Tibia ............ ............. .
Foo ............••........•..•..
millims.
85
IS
15
13
7
39
16-17
11-12"
A common species a Amoy. Se e al examples p ocn ed; some
a e plain b own on he uppe pa s, o he s u escen b own.
11. "V ESPERTILIO LANIGER, Pe e s, n. sp." ("T
oolly- aeed Ba .)
"Ea s, agus, and aee e y simila o hose o V. nys acinus ;
wings ex ending o he middle o me a a sus ; poin o ail exse ed.
"Tee h sinila o hose o he same species, hi d lowe inciso
la ge , and lowe canines wi h much sho e poin s.
"Abo e da k b own, benea h g eyish whi e. The g ea e basal
pa o he hai sla e-colou ed.
"To al leng h abou .•..................
Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .
Ea .. ............................. .
millims.
80
IS
13
1' agus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
. . . . . . G
Fo ea m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 35
Tibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . •• . . . . . . . . . .
. . 16
:Foo ..
. . .. . . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .
.. 10"
This li le woolly Ila is compa a i ely a e a Amoy ; I only p o-
cu ed h ee specimens.
12. VESPERTILIO RUFO-NIGER. (Black-and-O ange Ila .)
Vespe1· ilio u o-nige , Tomes, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 85, pl. lx.
This Ba was desc ibed (l. c.) by l I . Tomes om a specimen p o
cu ed by l I . Fo une a Shanghai. I ha e seen i a Tamsuy, N.W.
Fo mosa (see P. Z. S. 1864, p. 381, P e opus ?). A Takow (S.W.
Fo1·mosa ) I p oen ed a specimen, a no e on he habi s o which will
618 MR. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS. [June 23,
be ound in P. Z. S. 1862, p. 356 (species allied o Ke i oula o 
mosa).
A Takow, whe e Ba s a e e y sca ce, T was walking on he 5 h
July, l 865, uude a g o e o ees. One ee had la ge lea es and
lilac-like lowe s. Close o a bunch o owe s, be ween some big
lea es, I obse ed a clus e o some oundish hings which I ook a
s o ui o some kind o gall-nu s. One o he clus e s mo ed,
and I saw ha hey we e he heads o Ba s. They we e hanging
head downwa ds om he s em o a lea in a bunch one agains
he o he , hei heads only showing, hei bodies being hidden by
he lea es. The e we e abou en o bo h sexes,-one emale wi h a
young one a he b eas , and he b eas s much swollen. Thei
colou was ligh yellow, he wings being a iega ed wi h o ange and
b own. I p ocu ed se e al specimens, aud sen hem o England.
Some o hem came in o P o . l1e e s's possession; and he has iden
i ed he species as ha desc ibed by .M . Tomes. Bu su ely he
habi s o his species would show ha i is no a ypical Ves
pe ilio !
13. VESPERTILIO CHINENSJs, Tomes, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 53.
B ough om Sou h China by M . Fo une.
"VESPERTILIO DAVIDII, Pe e s." (Da id's Ba .)
D . Pe e s had his species o examina ion om he Museum a
Pa is. I was sen home by Pe e Da id. I has no ye occu ed
in Sou h China, and he e o e I do no numbe i .
14. "VESPERUGO ADRAM.us(e AKAKOMULI), Temmiuck." (Chi
nese House-ba .)
The emale is a ich b own, wi h ligh e and dusky unde pa s;
he male is black. I p ocu ed he o me in Haiuan, and he la e
in Can on. They we e common in he se lemen a Can on o an
e ening in Ap il.
15. "VESPERUGO PIPISTRELLUS, Daub.?" (Small House-ba .)
D . Pe e s ma ks my specimen om Fo mosa wi h a que y. This
is a e y common species a Taiwan ( capi al o Fo mosa), and hou
sands may be ound clus e ed oge he in he old Du ch o wi hin
he walls o he ci y. I ha e 1io specimen om Sou h China; bu i
doub less mus occu he e also.
16. "VEsPERUGO JMBRICATus, Temminck."
House-ba .) (Imb ica ed
A common species a Amoy.
17. "VESPERUGO PULVERATUs, Pe e s, n. sp." (G izzled House
ba .)
" In o m o ea and agns simila o V. mau us o Eu ope, bn
he agus appa en ly no double- oo hed. Wings ex ending o he

1870.] MR, R, SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS, 6 I!)
base o he oes; poin o ail cxse ed. Base o in c emo al mem
b ane e y spa ingly u nished wi h hai .
"Fo m o ee h simila o hose o V. pipis ellus, he i s uppe
p emola being much la ge han in V. mau us.
" Hai black, on he uppe side wi h e y sho , benea h wi h
longe b ownish-g ey ips. -11-
mi 1ms.
"To al leng h abou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Ea ........................... , . . . . 12·5
1' agus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Fo ea m ............................ 34
Tibia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . • . 13
Foo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 8"
I ha e specimens om Amoy aken in Augus and Sep embe .
I is no a common species.
18. "VESPERUGO MOLOssus, Temminck." (Molossus Ba .)
D . Pe e s has his species om Hongkong.
"VESPER US SEROTINus, Sch ebe ." (E ening Ba .)
A e y common species iu summe e enings abou he ci y o
Peking. I do no numbe i , as I do no know o i s occu ence in
Sou h China.
19. ScoTOPHILUS PUMILOIDEs, Tomes, P. Z S. 1857, p. 52.
B ough om Sou h China.
20. "ScoTOPHILUS HEATHll, Ho s ield." (Hea h's Ba .)
Abou i e inches in leng h, wi h snu -b own nppe and snu -
yellow unde pa s; e y common in Can on in Ap il and May, ly
ing abou in la ge numbe s o e he Fo eign Se lemen .
21. " ScoTOPHILUS TEMMINCKII, Ho s ield." (Te nminck's
Ba .)
Smalle han he las , b own abo e, much pale below ; occu ed
in numbe s in company wi h he las , in he same place.
22. D soPES (MoLossus ) RUEPPELII, (La ge-ea ed Tailed Ba ?)
Dysopes (Molossus) iippelii, Temm. Monog . de Mammalogie,
i. pl. x iii.
I p ocu ed a specimen o a Ba some yea s ago a Amoy which
g ea ly esembled Temminck's igu e, hough i could ha dly be
he same as ha species, which is om Egyp . My specimen was
sen o England, and, I belie e, is now in he collec ion o M . R.
Tomes. Somes no es will be ound on i s peculia i ies in P. Z. S.
1862, p. 11. The animal I speak o was b ough o me ali e on
he 25 h No . 1859. I was an adul male, and measu ed om
snou o oo o ail 4·3 inches; ail l ·2; expanse 15·5; ea s l · I,
p o uding beyond snou ; b ead h ac oss he ea s 2. I s skin was
G20 MR. R, SWINHOE ON CHINF.SE l 1AM1 1ALS. [June 23,
so and mole-like, o a deep b own, wi h a madde - in , ligh e
011 he nn<le pa s. The memb ane ex ending om he ail o he
le�s was w inkled, and co e ed he ail like a glo e, so as o slip
up o down as he c ea u e wished o expau<l o con ac i s in
c emo al wing, o , in nau ical language, o shake ou o ake in
ee s. The oes on each hind oo we e i e in numbe , o nea l
equal leng l1, he ou e one hicke , all wi h longish pale hai �,
chie y a hei ips; sides o he nppe lip and nppe su ace o ea
u owed o g oo ed. Eyes smnll, and nea ly hidden in he ecess
o med by he p o uding ea s. The li ing animal ca ied wo
species o pa asi es, one winged and he o he wingless. These ha e
been desc ibed and igu ed by l 1 . H. Giglioli, in he 'P oceedings
o he l ic oscopical Socie y' o l 8G3, as S eb/a moloss( and Poly
c enes molossus.
I ha e o .en, on a cloudless e ening, a Amoy, seen hese Ba s
lying along high in he ai , being easily dis inguished by he 1u 
owncss o hei win!!;s. 'hen i i a ed, he c ea u e has a habi o
exposing i s ail Ii/ he p ocess abo e desc ibed, aud o sinking i s
eye in o he socke , and h us ing i ou again.
lNSECTJVORA,
23. TALPA NSULARIS. (Fo mosan Blind l ole.)
Talpa insula is, Swinboe, P. Z. S. l 8(i2, p. l 0.
Found in he l1ills o he no h end o Fo mosa. A Mole occu s
abou Peking which l L Alphonse M.-E<lwa ds has dis inguished
as he Scap oclii us da idianus (A11nalcs des Sciences Na . 5c sc ie,
. 7), an eu, p. 450.
24. TALPA, sp.
I ha e a Mole om Foochow, China, which esembles he Szechnen
species; bu , owing o he p esen oubled sla e o Pa is, I ha e
no been able o compa e i .
25. SoREX l IURINUS, Linn. (Mnsk- a .)
S01·ex myosu us, Pall.
S. swinlwei, Bl h, J. A. S. xx iii. 285.
S. albinus, Bly h. J. A. S. xxix. !)0 ( he young).
'11he Common "l lnsk- a " is ound h oug·hou Cl1i11a, Fo mosa,
nnd Hainan, in houses in la ge owns. llas an unpleasm, musky
odou , nnd a peculia cha e , like he chinking o money (Swinh.
' Zoologis ,' 1858, p. G224 ; P. Z. S. 1864, p. 382; P. Z. S. l 870,
p. 231).
26. SoREX --? (Small Sh ew.)
S01·e. : --?, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. l 8G4, p. 382.
The wo li le Sh ews I ook unde decayed dung on a bill n
Tamsuy, Fo mosa, and meu ioncd be o e (l. c.), I sen in spi i s
o Pa is, bu <lo no a all know wha bas since become o hem.
18i0.] MR. R, SWINHO� ON CHINES� MAMMALS, 621
27. ERINACEUS --? (Hedgehog.)
I ha e hea d o Hedgehogs occu ing a Taiwan (Fo mosa), a
Amoy (P. Z. S. 186--1, p. 378), and in Hainan (an ec' , p. 237), bu
I ha e ne e been so o una e as o p ocu e a specimen om any
o hese locali ies. They a e common abou Peking; and l ha e
la ely b ough o he no ice o his Socie y he Peking species, and
p oposed o name i E. dealba us (an e '1, p. 450).
CARNIVORA.
28. URsus TIBETANUs, F. Cu ie . (Black Bea .)
Hela c os ibe anus, Swinl1oe, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 351.
U sus o mosanus, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 380.
The Tibe an Black Bea is ound in he moun ains o he Shan
ung p omon o y; and I p ocu ed hence a li ing specimen, which
is now in he Ga dens o he Socie y. Bu he Black Bea o Fo 
mosa I long suspec ed o be dis inc ; and a young animal I p ocu ed
a Taiwan seemed o con i m my iew. I had he ace as black as
he es o he body, ins ead o b own as iu he indi idual om
Che oo. The animal om Taiwan also eached England ali e, and
may be now seen alongside o he o he black Bea s. l I . Ba le
ells me be can see no dis inc ion be ween i and he ue Tibe an
o m. A Taiwan I ob ained wo la skins o he Fo mosan Bea in
he adul s a e; and hese would show ha he animal a ains a e y
la ge size, ully equal o he bigges specimens om he Himalayas ;
bu my skins exhibi , in addi ion o he c escen ic whi e pa ch on
he b eas , a la �e ound whi e spo on he belly. This M . Ba 
le ells me be has also seen in he Bea s om India. I p ocu ed
a good se ies o he skull o ou Bea om he abo iginal ibes o
he cen al moun ains, who dedica e hem o he G ea Spi i o he
Chase ; and in hese I canno ind any no iceable di e ence om
he skulls o he Himalayan species in he B i ish :Museum. We
mus allow, hen, ha he Fo mosan Black Bea is simply he Ti
be an Bea , which appea s also o occu in Hainan, and p obably
h oughou he moun ains o China gene ally. I ex ac a no e on
he Fo mosan Bea om he 'Taiwan oo Gaze ee ':-" Bea s ha e
hai s i as b is les, and hei coa is hick and shaggy; he a ow's
head canno pie ce he body. Thei ee a e s ong, and wi h hei
claws hey can climb ees, on he summi s o which hey will si
c oss-legged, o hey will bu ow in o he ea h and dwell he e.
}leople cap u e hem by s a agem. Be o e hey ha e ca ied yonng
hei bellies con ain much sue ha is ea able; hei paws, howe e ,
a e he i -bi s (li . he one o eigh pea ls). Hashed and oas ed,
hesc a o d a ue elish; bu i is no e y easy ma e o cook hem
p ope ly."
lhown Dea s, o "l Ien Bea s," as he Chinese call hem, a e said
by he na i es o occn in he moun ains o Sou h China; bu I ha 'e
1;e e seen any. In No h China, I ha e been in o med by iends,
B own Bea s a e aken abou by showmen, and made o dance aud
622 l l R. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS. [June 23,
do a ious icks a ai s. These will p obably be o he species
acqui ed by he Socie y in I 86 7, and igu ed in woodcu as U sus
pisca o , Puche an (P. Z. S. 1867, p. 817).
29. MELES LEPTORHYNCHUS, Alph. M.-Edwa ds. (Chinese
Badge .)
M. chinensis, G ay, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 207 ( gu es o skull).
O his species " he skull," ema ks D . J. E. G ay, "is so like
ha o llleles leucu us om Thibe ha I shonld ha e ega ded
hem as he same, i he e we e no so much di e ence in he leng h,
and laccidness and colo a ion o he u , and he abnndance o he
unde - u . This may depend on he clima e. The sho ness and
peculia colou o he u a e exac ly alike in he specimens sen by
D . Ha land om Hongkong, and by l I . Consul Swinhoe om
Amoy. I may obse e ha when D . Ha land's specimen was sen
i was ega ded as a young A c onyx colla is." (Ca . Mamm. l 8{i9,
p. 127.)
The i s o his species was b ough o me a Amoy on he 17 h
July, 1867, in so badly wounded a s a e ha i soon died. I was a
male, and measu ed om he snou o he oo o he ail 22 inches:
ail 6; om ca pal join o o e leg o ips o claws 4·75; om
shoulde o ca pal join 8·25; sole o o e oo 2·2 long, l · l b oad,
longes claw ·6; hind oo 2·8. Leng h o head 5·1 ; ip o nose o
co ne o e e I ·7; om ea o ea ac oss head 2·45; b ead h o
ea l ·5; edge o uppe lip o base o p ojec i11g nose ·75.
Hai o uppe body coa se, abou l ·5 inch long. Nose and nails
b ownish lesh-colou . Soles o ee pale lesh-colou . Band unde
11ose b own, wi h a na ow side bo de o same o lowe lip. A
band o black abou an inch wide uns along ei he side o he head,
om nea he snou ac oss he eyes, and e mina es b oade jus
behind he ea . A b oad s ipe o bu -whi e uns om he nose o
he occipn , and ano he o he same colou on ei he side o he
ace (including angle o mon h, wi h a na ow s ip ound chin) o
below and beyond he ea ; ea black, wi h a hu -whi e bo de o
i s uppe hal . Unde pa s and limbs black; uppe pa s some
wha densely clo hed wi h sho pale bu woolly unde - o ; he
uppe - m long and coa se, aud also pale bu wi h da k cen es,
gi ing a g izzly appea ance o he coa . ' ail plain ligh bu . Tee h
somewha wo n. The u had many lice, bu I only de ec ed one
lea.
Ou he 19 h July a male aml emale we e b ough o me, he
la e e y la ge and e y old, wi h ew ee h emaining, and hese
qui e wo n down. They we e bo h esh killed. The emale had
ou ea s on he belly, and wo on he abdomen, jus be ween he
o e pa o he highs. She measu ed 31 · 5 inches, wi h a ail o
7·25 o i s bony ip, aud hai s·ex ending 2·25 beyond; be ween ea s
ac oss l1ead 2·75. He hai was much longe , especially on he
ail; and she was much mo e awny on he uppe pa s. Nei he o
hem had he black and whi e ace-ma kings so dis inc as in he
younge animal o he 18 h June.
1870.] MR. R, SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS, G2!J
40. FELIS cmNENSIS. (Chinese Tige -ca .)
Pelis cl inensis, G ay, l lag. Na . His . ol. i. p. ,7i (1837);
P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 274, 400.
Leopa dus ee esii, G ay, Lis o Mamm. Ill'i . Mus. 1843, p. 44.
Pelisja ensis, Scl. Ca . o Ve . p. 22 (1866).
This li le Tige -ca is he commones wild ca in Fo mosa and
Sou h China. I p ocu ed a good skin and skull o an adul and o
a young one in Fo mosa, and sen hence o he Socie y a li ing ex
ample in 1866, which, howe e , un o una ely Jied in he Ga deus
soon a e landing. I ha e also la skins o i om he Fokie11 hills
nnJ om Shanghai. The B i ish Museum has specimens b ongh
om Can on by l I . J. I . Ree es many yea s ago. I is a o es
species, an l is ex emely wild and i i able in con inemen .
The skull o he :Fo mosan adul emale is o a long o al o m,
measu ing in leng h 3·4 inches, b ead h ac oss mala a ches 2·2:i,
b ead h behind o bi al spine I· I ; g ea es b ead h o b ain-case,
below, I ·4 ; o bi s impe ec .
Head b ownish g ey, wi h mo e o less us colou ; a line o e
and unde he eye, a pa ch on each side o nose, cheeks, and chin
pu e whi e. F om he whi e line o e he eye uns a black line on
each side o e he c own and down he back o he neck; be ween
hege a e wo o he longi udinal black lines, wi h an indis inc sho
one be ween hem; he muzzle is spo ed wi h black, su ounded by
us y ches nu , and an i egula line o he same uns om he pos
e io angle o he eye o unde he ea s, b eaking in o spo s; ano he
uns along he cheek, a hi d sho e one u he down, and a ou h
like a long spo on each side o he h oa . Mous ache-b is les b own
and whi e. Ea pale in on , black behind, wi h a whi e spo . A
black s eak o g ey ma ks each side o he hind neck. Unde pa s,
inne su ace o o e legs and o highs, whi e, wi h la ge b ownish
black o al spo s. Uppe pa s b ownish g ey, washed be ween he
shoulde s, and less ichly along he back, wi h ches nu -b own;
shoulde s spo ed and ma ked wi h ich deep ches nu -b own, wi h
s eaks be ween hem o he same colou mixed wi h black; u he
along he back he s eaks b eak up in o long o al o oblong black
spo s. The spo s on he sides o he hody and on he legs a e
b owne . Fu sho aud somewha so ; unde - u dusky g ey.
Fo e ee ligh yellowish b own, speckled on he ou e su ace wi h
ches nu ; unde oo dusky. Hind ee he same, wi hou spo s.
Tail wi h long - and woollie hai han he body, mo e dully
colou ed, wi h la ge spo s o dingy b own.
Head long and na ow, abou 4·25 inches; ea s sho and angula ,
l ·6 long. Leng h o body I 7, o ail I 0· 5. Fo e leg abou 9 ; .
hind leg abou 9·7. Fo e oo , om ca pal join , 2·8; g ea es
b ead h I ·2. Hind oo , om a sal join , 4; g ea es b ead h l ·4.
' he Fo mosan ki en, appa en ly abou six weeks old, is si nila l
ma ked on he ace, bu has he spaces abo e he nose and unde
he eyes much iche ches nu . I s hai is longe and so e , o a
dingy ches nu -b own, wi h he spo s and ma ks ain e . Tail

630 MR. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS. [June 23,
hinne and less woolly han in he a<lul . Unde pa s whi e, wi h
he spo s also ain ; legs mo e washed wi h ches nu .
4 I. V1 ERRA ZIBETHA, Linn. (Indian Ci e .)
Vi e a zibe ha, G ay, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 512.
TT. asli oni, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 379.
Common in he bamboo-co e ed hills o Sou h China, om Can on
o nea Shanghai, and in he Chnsan Islands ; occn s also in Hainan
(see an ed, p. 227). I ha e ne e de ec ed i in Fo mosa.
42. V1 ERRICULA MALACCENSIS, Gmelin. (Li le Spo ed
Ci e .)
Vi e icula malaccensis, G ay, l. c. p. 5 I 3.
Vi e a pallida, G ay; Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 7.
Common in Sou h China, Hainan, and Fo mosa.
43. PAGUMA LARVATA. (Gem- aced Ch·e .)
Paguma la a a, G ay, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359; Swinhoe, Zoologis �
1858, p. G223; P. Z. S. 18G4, p. 381.
P. lm· a a, a . ai ana, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 8.
This ee-lo ing species is ound in he hills o he K wang ung
aud Fokien P o inces and in Fo mosa.
I kep one ali e o some mon hs in I 856, chained in my e andah
a Amoy. I ed on cooked mea in p e e ence o aw, and did no
seem o ca e much o ei he owl's eggs o small bi ds. A s u ed
snake h ew i a once on i s gua d, and wi h a sp ing i seized i by
he head and shook i . A sh imp was o e ed o i ; l1is i smel ,
and hen ubbed i s head o e , i s one side and hen he o he , as
dogs do o e ca ion ; i e used o ea i . , hen le loose i use l o
climb up he doo s and legs o ables and chai s, p11 ing one oo on
each side, and pushing up wi h he hind legs. I walked backwa ds
and o wa ds a he leng h o i s chain, shaking he lowe jaw, and
would suddenly s and up on i s hind legs, gi ing u e ance on shaking
c y. I snapped a all dogs, and kep hem a a dis ance. I slep
du ing a g ea pa o he day, bu con inued li ely o he g ea e pa
o he nigh . The hea a ec ed i a good deal, and made i pan .
The Socie y's Ga dens ha e wo li e specimens o his species
ecei ed om Fo mosa.
44. URVA CANCRIVORA, Hodgs. (C ab-ea ing Moun ain-mun
goos.)
U a canc i o a, G ay, P. Z. S. l8G4, p. 568.
A specimen b ough om he Fokien hills, nea Amoy, ag ees
wi h Hodgson's specimens in he B i ish l Iuseum, om Nepaul.
Face long and poin ed, wi h he nasal po ion ecu ed; nose
and uppe lip wi h a deep e ical g oo e. Ea s sho , b oad, and
ounded. Soles o ee and unde side o oes qui e ba e ; claws
s ong. Fo e oo :- i s oe e y sho , second longe han he
l8i0.J .MIL R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE l lAl 11 IALS. 631
i h, he hi d and ou h subequal; a basal memb ane a aches he
second and hi d, and a memb ane eaching o end o i s join he
hi d and ou h. Hind oo : i s oe diminu i e, and placed well
he hind; hi d oe longe ha11 he ou h, and uni ed o i by a mem
b ane o he i s joiu ; second a ached o he hi d, an<l ou h
o he i h, by sho memb anes. Head and ee clo hed wi h sho
hai ; es o he body wi h long coa se and hick woolly unde - o1·;
ail long and bushy, wi h long e y coa se hai .
Nose and edge o lips b ownish lesh-colou ; i is deep h ow11.
Hai o muzzle b own ; uppe lips, chin, h oa , and a idge o
longish hai s ex ending om unde he ea s o he shonl<le whi e.
Head wi h ligh eddish-b own unde - o , he sho hai s o · he
uppe - u being indi idually banded wi h black and whi e. Ea
wi h sho close-se whi ey-b own hai , pa ly hidden by he hai
o he cheeks. Uppe pa s o bodyi wi h he unde - u b own
a oo s, bu abo e, he long hai s o he uppe - u haYing each a
b oad cen al black Land and whi e ip, gi ing a hoa y appea ance o
he coa ; unde pa s wi h less black. Fo e and hind legs blackish
b own, sp inkled abou hume al and emo al pa s wi h bu specks.
Tail bu whi e, wi h a ew black-Landed hai s in e mingled.
Leng h om snou o oo o ail 20 inches; ail 12, wi h an
ex a inch o hai a ip. Head 4·75; be ween ea s 2. Palm o
nail- ips 2·50; b ead h o palm ·i5. Sole o nail- ips 2·50; b ead h
o sole ·80.
This SJJecies has an ex ensi e ange in India, being ound om
A ghanis an h ough he Himalayas o A acan ; and we ind i also
occu ing in Sou h Chin .
No ypical He pes es seems o occu in China no h o Haina11.
4 >. NYCTEREUTES PROCYoNo ni,;s. (The Raccoon-like , illi
Dog.)
Nyc e eu es p ocyonoides, G ay, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 522.
Canis (Nyc e eu es) i e inus, Temm. Faun. Jap.; . Sch en('k,
A.moo land, i. p. 63.
The "Raccoon o Ci e Dog" anges om Can on in o A moo 
land, and is also ound in Japan. I ha e specimens o i om he
Fokien hills, om Hankow, an<l om Shanghai; bu I ha 'e no
me wi h i in Fo mosa.
46. VuLPES HOOLE, sp. no . (Sou h-China Fox.)
Vulpes ulga is, Swinboe, Zoologis , 1858, p. 6223.
The Fox o he plains and lowe hills o Sou h China is iu o m
and size e y simila o ha o Eu ope; bu i is pale , wan s he
black spo on he sides o he snou , aud has he colou s o i s coa
di e en ly a anged. I ha e placed in he B i ish :l lnseum an adul
emale and wo cubs; bn as hei skulls a e wi hin he skins, I ha e
no been able o ema k on hem.
Th oa , along uppe lip, and unde neck whi e, washed wi h black
on chin, wi h dusky-g ey unde - o . Mous ache-b is les black.
Pnoc. ZooL. Soc.-1870, No. XLIII.
632 l lR. R. SWJNHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS. [Jnne 23,
Ea och eous in on , black behind, wi h yellowish ches nu a
base. Round eye and on space in on b igh u ous. Res o
head ligh n ons, g izzled wi h whi on he cheeks and c own.
Uppe pa s dingy och eous, wi h mo e o less u ous on he hind
neck and shoulde s, and b igh ening in o ches nu on he back ;
deep us -colom nea he ail, g izzled wi h whi e, he whi e in
c easing on he sides o he bu ocks; unde - u o he back dusky
g ey a hase, us -colou abo e. Tail us y ches nu on he'
uppe su ace, wi h some o he hai s ipped wi h black ; i s sides
and und sm ace ligh dingy bu , wi h he apical hal o each hai
black; i s end wi h a conspicuous whi e ip. An e io sm ace o
o e legs blackish g izzled wi h whi e, ou e sides us y g izzled wi h
yellowish, inne sides bu , unde su ace and hai be ween oes
clingy b own. The whi e on he ches con inuous downwa d in a
line o he middle o he belly. Belly om behind o e legs, on
each side o he whi e line, ches nu bu . Abdomen whi ish bn ,
wi h a ain inge o pu ple. An e io su ace o hind legs as o
o e legs ; hei sides and unde a si b igh us y ches nu .
Head 7 inches; neck o oo o ail l !J; ail 13·5, wi h 3 inches
o hai p ojec ing beyond. Leng h o ea 3. Leng h o o e oo ,
om ca pal join o ip o nails 3·76; o hind oo 5·5.
The cub abou six weeks old is co e ed wi h hick downy hai ,
wi h a ew long so hai s in e sp inkled. The u ons pa ch be ween
he eye and nose is well ma ked. Uppe lip and h oa whi e,
blackish ou chin. Ches dingy whi e. Ea yellowish in on ,
black behind. Paws and oes blackish on uppe su ace. C own
and uppe back dingy us -colou ; shoulde s and sides o he body
whi ish. Tail ligh dingy, wi h a u ous wash on he uppe su ace.
Unde pa s ligh dingy us -colou , wi h a pu plish wash.
This Fox is common on he ba e g ani ic hills o Amoy ; and I
ha e seen as many as six oge he a a ime. , heu. pu sued hey
sp ing wi h g ea agili y om ock o ock, and soon ou un a G ey
hound on such ough g ound; bu on he plains hey a e no ma ch
o he dog. They desceml o he plains a nigh , and ob he he11-
oos s. I ha e also seen hem in Hongkong island. Abou Tien 
sin, in No h China, Foxes a e also common; bu I ha e ne e
hand.led a specimen om any no he n locali y. No Fox has been
ound in Fo mosa.
47. VuLPES LINEIVENTER, sp. no . (Sou h-China l Ioun ain
ox.)
Two Foxes we e h ough o me a Amoy in 18G7, om he highe
moun ains o F okien. They a c e y like he Illack-belli d Fox o
Eu ope, V. u!gm·z'.s, a . melanogas e , Bp.; bu a e ema kable
o ha ing a ine line o ches nu on each side o he belly. They
a e e y b igh ly colou ed, and so di e conspicuously om he las 
desc ibed pale species, hough in o m and size e y simila . Un
o nna ely he skulls we e no s�nd.
Head g izzled wi h whi e and ches nu , ound and unde eye ich
ches nu . A b oad angula ma k o b own om an e io co ne o
ISiO.J l lR, R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE i lA; lMALS.
eye o lip. Mous ache- and ace-b is les black. Snou , unde le el
o nose, pa o cheeks, an<l h oa whi e. Th oa , unde neck,
ches , and cen al unde pa s black, g izzled wi h whi e. Inside o
ea well clo hed ancl c a li el hu colou , which ex ends o he
edges; back o ea b nwnish black. Uppe pa s bu , many o he
hai s o he hi11cl neck and shoulde s being b oadly ipped wi h
black. C own ancl hind neck washed wi h ches nu , which b igh ens
as i uns down he back in a b oad line. Unde - u g eyish b own.
Fo e legs clo hed wi h eddish-b own unde - u , and co e ed wi h
black and whi e hai , wi h a b oad deep black line unning down
hei an e io su ace o he ee ; unde ca pus and ee ine b ownish
ches nu , b own on he hai abou he palms. A b igh ches nu 
bu line uus down each side o he belly, om he o e leg o he
hind leg, and na ows as i ad ances down inne side o hind leg,
whe e i is anked inwa dly wi h a whi e line. Thighs g izzled
wi h black, whi e, and ches nu . Tail bushy, b igh ches nu on
he uppe su ace; wi h many o he hai s b oadly ipped wi h black;
unde su ace much pale , wi h mo e black ; ip whi e.
Snou o oo o ail 32 inches; ail 17, wi h 2·7.5 le11g h o hai
beyond ip. Fo e leg 11 inches, hind leg 12·5. Ea '2·75 long, I ·75
b oad a base.
48. ? OTAR IA STELLER I. (S elle 's Sea-bea .)
O a i s elle i, Temm. & Schleg. Fau11. Japon.
I ha e been in o med by he Eu opean pilo s a Shanghai ha
hey ha e o en seen Seals basking on some islands called " he
Ruggeds," a he mou h o he Yang sze. I ha e no been so o 
una e as o ge a specimen ; bu i is no unlikely ha hey will u n
ou o be he same as he animal eco ded om Sou h J npan.
RODENTIA,
4!). Sc nRus CASTANE0VENTR s. (Ches nu -bellied Squi el.)
Sciu us caslaneo en is, G ay, Ann. N. H. se . 3. xx. p. 28:3;
Swinhoe, P. Z. S. an ei' , p. 23 l.
Sciu us e y h ceus, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. ISG2, p. I I.
The Ches nu -bellied Squi el is ound in Hainan, he p oYinces
o Kwang ung and Fokien, and in Fo mosa. The ines Fo mosan
skins a e a he la ge , wi h longe ails, a e b igh deep ches nu on
he uncle pa s, and ha e b oaJ bu ips o he hai o he apical
hal o he ail. The chin and ches in hese is o he mos pa
no ed, bu o one colou wi h he back. As in he Hainan and
Chinese skins, he edness o he unde pa s is e y a iable in ex
en and in ensi y ; • and so is he. yellowness o he ail. I ha e
specimens om Sou h Fo mosa o one colou h oughou , and o he s
wi h mo e o less ed ; and wi h a se ie.3 Le o e me I ind i impos
sible o di ide he nnimals om he di e en locali ies e en in o
aces. A ine specimen om No h Fo mosa measu es om snou
o oo o ail abou !) inches; i s ail 9·5, including 2·5 inches o
634 MR. R. SWINH0E ON ,J-IJNESE MAMMALS. [Jm1e 2;�.
hai beyond ip o ail-bone. Sciu us lok ia/1, Hodgs., Sc. lok i
oides, Ilodgs., and Sc. e y l1 ogas e , Bly h, appea o be only
h ee a ie ies o his Squi el, he las e y close o he Fo mosan.
Sc. e y l1 CEus, Pall., has a inged ea , and is dis inc .
The B i ish Museum has a ed- h oa ed Squi el, ma ked om
China. I is black on he nppe pa s and ail, ches nu on he
unde pa s, o e legs, and hind ee , whi e on he sides and highs.
I di e s somewha om an animal also he e om Bo neo, bu is
so mnch in cha ac e wi h i ha i is di icul o belie e ha i is
eally om China. D . J.E. G ay has desc ibed i as Sciu us u o
gula is, in he Alln. & Mag. Na . His . 1842.
50. Sc nRus GRISEIPECTUS. (G ey-b eas ed Squi el.)
Sciu us g iseipec us, G ay, Ann. & l 1ag. Na . His . se . 3. xx.
p. 282.
China is gi en as he habi a o his plain-colou e<l species ; hu
I ha e no had he good o une o come ac oss i in ha coun y.
51. Sc nRus CHINENSIS. (Chinese Squi el.)
Sciu us chinensi-s, G ay, An11. N. H. se . 3. xx. p. 282 (l8Gi).
The Museum has wo o his species om Shanghai, b ongh
home by M . John Ree es. They a e h own on he b eas , uppe
pa s, and ail ; lusky wl d e below, om chin o ail. Leng h o
body abou 7 inches, ail bushy and a he longe han he body.
On my jon ney om Ningpo o Shanghai, o e lan<l, I saw many
o his species in g o es o ees. I is a bo eal in habi s.
52. Sc nRus M'CLELLANDI. (l 1'Clelland's Squi el.)
Sciu us m'clellandi, Ho s ield, P. Z. S. 1839; Swinhoe, P. Z. S.
I 862, p. 11.
This small s iped Himalayan Sqni el, wi h u ed ea s, is ound
in Hainan, he p o inces o Kwang ung and Fokien, and in Fo mosa.
M. A. Milne-Edwa ds assu es me ha he has also ecei ed i om
"
es em Szech uen.
53. SCIUROPTERUS KALEENSIS. (Small Fo mosan Flying
Squi el.)
Sciu op e us lcalei:nsis, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. l 8G2, p. 359.
l 1oun ai n o es s o No h Fo mosa. I know no species o his
o m om Sou h China.
icl. PTEROMYS GRANDIS. (La ge Reel Flying Squi el.)
P e omys g andis, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. I8G2, p. 3 i8, pl. xl .
Foun<l in he no h and cen al moun ain o es s o Fo mosa. I ha e
ecei ed i om ya ious locali ies in he wilde pa s o ha islan<l.
5 i. PTEROMYS PECTORALIS, i,;p. no . (Whi e-b eas ed }?lying
Sc1ui el.)
Gene al colou a ich n o11s; ail liµ;h e , wi h b own a ip;

l�iO.] MR. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS. G35
b eas and s eak down he cen e o he belly whi e. Leng h om
snou o oo o ail 20 inches; ail 15, so and bushy. The ed
u o he body is spa sely sp inkled wi h whi e hai s. The u is
so , mode a ely long, and much in cha ac e wi h ha o P . g an
dis; in some ligh s i shows e y b own.
A specimen o l1is ine species was b ough o me a Takow, S. , .
Fo mosa, in Decembe 1865. I seems con ined o he sou he n
moun ains o Fo mosa.
/46. Mus BANDICOTA, Bechs ein (Linn. T ans. iii. . 18). (The
Bandicoo Ra .)
Jl us nemo i agus, Hodgson.
111. se i e , Ho s '. Zool. Res. in Ja a.
I ha e ne e obse ed he Bandicoo in China ; bu in Fonnosa,
on he high oad om Takow o he ci y o Taiwan, i was e y
abundan , li ing in holes a he oo o he hedges ha line he way.
I ha e no seen hem in he owns. I would appea likely ha
his Ra was in oduced in o Fo mosa when he Du ch we e in pos
session, in A.D. l 630.
lha e he skin and skull o an adnl om Fo mosa; he o me
measn es om snou o oo o ail l l · 5 inches, ail 6 · i
5 ; ea l · l
in leng h. The skull ag ees wi h specimens om India.
�ii. Mus DECUMANUS, Pall. (Comme cial Ra .)
11Ius decuma11us, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. l 8G4, p. 382.
Abundan in all la ge owns in Sou h China and Fo mosa.
The whi e and pied a ie ies o lllus m lus, L., a e o be seen in
cages in he owns; bu hese a e impo ed.
58. Mus 1Nn1cus, Geo oy. (Indian Ra .)
A icola indica, G ay; Ha dwicke, Ill. Ind. Zool. i. . 11.
My la ges specimen om Fo mosa is 10· 7 5 in leng h, ail im pe 
ec , ea ·6G. A smalle one, leng h 7, ail 5·25. Colou abo e
ligh ches nu -b own ; mos o he hai s b oadly ipped wi h black,
gi ing in he adul a s eaky appea ance o he back. Long ine
mous aches on muzzle whi e, sho ones black. Sides o muzzle,
ee , and unde pa s dingy whi e, wi h a inge o yellow. Tail
spa sely co e ed wi h sho spinous b is les, b own on he uppe ,
whi e on he unde su ace o he ail.
In he ci y o Taiwan, Fo mosa, his la ge Ra was nea ly as
common as he Comme cial Ra , and seemed o associa e wi h i .
I ha e no no iced i in he owns o he Chinese main.
59. l 1us ALEXANDRINUS, Geo oy. (Sou h-Eu opean Ra .)
Adul male measn es 8·(j, ail 6, ea ·7. This species is a good
deal like he o dina y g ey Ra , bu has longe and iche -colou ed
pile, he ea is la ge and mo e o al, he ee smalle , and he ail
p opo iona ely longe , and wi h much mo e sho hai , especially
nea he ip. Uppe pa s da k yellowish b own, wi h many o he
G3G MR. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE l lA)UIALS. [June �3,
hai s on he back and ump b oadly ipped wi h black. Unde 
pa s din�S, inged wi h och eous. l Ious ache-hai s long, ine, and
da k. Iden i ied by D . Pe e s.
This Ha is ound in coun y ,·illages and on places abou Amoy,
and would seem o be an ea lie in oduc ion han he ill. decumanus,
om he ace o which i has p obably e i ed. The la e is he
only species one sees in he own. I is di icul now o disco e
wha we e he Honse a s o China be o e he in oduc ion o he
h ee las -named species. In illages and coun y owns, whe e
he la e ha e no es ablished a oo ing, Coun y- a s, which
o en scale ees, a e ound en e ing houses and unning abou
he s ee s. In Fo mosa, whe e he Comme cial Ra s a e no so
widely ex ended, se e al species o hese Coun y- a s occu ; bu in
China I haYe as ye only no iced he ill. u escens .
..liO. l I us coxTNGA. (Spinous Coun y- a .)
Mus co,i:inga, Swinhoe (e o e co1ii11ga), P. Z. S. I 864, pp. 185,382.
�los nume ous in he no h o Fo mosa, less so in he sou h
wes . I ha e no hea d o i in China. Docs no appea o en e
la ge owns, bu is ound abnndan in illages o he in e io , o
"hicl1 he bigge Ra s ha e no eached.
61. l lus RUFESCENS, G ay. (Ches nu Coun y a .)
,Uusjlai•escens, Ellio .
This species was de e mined by D . J. E. G ay om specimens
I h ougl1 home in l 8G2. I nsed o occu in he ga dens a A moy,
and I ha e se e al imes seen i nnning up and down ees in he
day ime. I jo ed down he ollowing no e on a specimen I sho
a Amoy on he 17 h l Iay 1859:-Leng h o body 4·3; ail 3·8;
head I ·5; ea ·7, la ge and o al. Fu sho and so , wi h a ew
long so hai s in e spe sed. Mous ache o med o long, delica e,
black and whi e hai s. Uppe pa s pale eddish b own, och eous
abou he head; unde pa s whi ish; all he nnde u sla y g ey.
Tail sc,1led as usual, and se wi h many sho poin ed se e.
This Ha is ound also in many pa s o India. I ha e no
no iced i in Fo mosa.
<'u2. l Ius <..:ANNA, sp. no . (Silken Coun y- a .)
Mus -- ?, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 18G4, p. 382. no. 26.
o. Leng h 5· 5; ail 5·25; ea ba e, ·6 high, oblong, ounded a
ip. llind oo om a sal join I ·4. Hai sho , so , and monse
like. F on ee h ua ow and slende , wi h o ange su ace. Uppe
pa s aud legs b own, inged wi h ligh ches n11 , mo e conspicuo11s
on he head and along he sides; unde pa s dingy och eous; ail
ligh b own, nea ly naked, wi h minu e inconspicuous se e. Unde 
u ligh sla y. I esembles he imma u e o ill. indicus, bu has
smalle ee , and a so silky pelage.
A Ra a ec ing illages i11 he coun y nea Tamsuy, Fo mosa, and
ascending ees.
IK70.J i ln. n. sw1:-:woE o:-. ClllNESE i lAi 11 IAJ.S . 637
. 63. ? Ius LOSEA, sp. no . (B own Coun y- a .)
0.Leng h G inches, ail 3·75. Tee h b oade han in he las ,
and o he same coloa . Gene al colcu o uppe pa s a ich b own,
many o he hai s o he head and uppe pa s ipped wi h black,
giYing a <la k appea auce in some ligh s; o so and mode a ely
long; unde - u da k sla e-g ey. Unde pa s dingy whi ish; legs
b own, wi h a s eak o whi ish on each edge o o e oo . Ea s
mode a e, naked. Mous ache a he sho . Tail b own, wi h
minu e black se i:e sca cely isible.
This is also a Coun y- a a Tamsuy, Fo mosa.
64. l Ius NINGPOENs1s, sp. noY. (Sho -ea ed Field-mouse.)
Leng h 3·2.1; ail 2·75. Lowe inciso s longo- iangula . Ea ·35,
wi h sho hai . Uppe coa ich ches nu -b own, wi h deep sla e
colou ed unde - o ; lowe pa s and ee whi e. l Ious ache-b is les
sho and e y ine. Fo e oo minu e ; hind oo ·7 om a sal join .
Tail ligh b own aboYe, whi ish below, wi h minu e sca e ed whi e
hai s.
This li le c ea u e I picked up a Ningpo, in he consula e
ga den. I is a ield-mouse; and "is," says D . Pe e s o Be lin, .
"nea ly ela ed o he Eu opean sho -ea ed mice, III. ag a ius and
III. minu us, being la ge han he la e , and wi hou he da k do sal
s eak o he o me ."
65. ? i lus BADJUS, Hodgson. (Long- ailed Field-mouse.)
Mus -- ?, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 382. no. 27.
This long- ailed Field-mouse, wi h ches nu uppe and whi ish
unde pa s, allied o 1.l . syl a icus, L., o Eu ope, appea s o
ha ·e a wide ange in China, i I am igh in iden i ying he one I
go a Tamsuy wi h ha I saw in Hainan. Un o 11na ely bo h he
specimens I picked up we e oo mangled o p ese e. I ha e
he e o e no been able o iden i y i .
6G. i lus ARGENTEUS, T. & S. Fann. Japan. (Yellow House-
mouse.)
1 l . S. Bligh, a Can on, ga e me a small awn-colou ed monse,
wi h ligh unde pa s and a he long ail, which answe s well o
he species desc ibed in he 'Fauna Japonica.' I ha e no seen i
om o he pa s o China.
-Gi. l Ius l lUSCULus, L. (Common House-mouse.)
III us musculus, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 382.
Occasionally seen in houses bo h in Sou h China and Fo mosa;
p obably in oduced. Black and whi e a ie ies a e o en kep by
he Chinese; hese a e b ough om he S ai s.
68. RmzOi IYS cm NENSIS. (Chinese Bamboo- a .)
Rhi:omys chinensis, G ay, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 95; Ill. Ind. Zool. .
This la ge Bamboo- a was p ocu ed by l I . John Ree ·es a
CRn on. I ha e no hea d o i om o he pa s o Sou h China.
638 MIL H. SWINHOE ON CHINESE MA DIALS. [June 23,
6!). HYsTRIX SUBCRISTATA, sp. no . (Subc es ed Po cupine.)
Hys i. , sp., Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 378.
I had o en hea d o a Po cupine occu ing bo h a Swa ow (p o
ince Kwang 1111g) and a Foochow (p o ince Fokien), and knew
ha i was an animal well known o he Chinese as he "B is ly
Pig" (Cou dialec , llaochoo; Amoy, Ho- e); bu i was no iil
May 1867 ha I p ocu ed specimens. One o hese was b ough
o me ali "e, a11d I shipped i o he Socie y; bu i go o e ed
by he passenge s, and died be o e he essel le he po . The
o he specimen, a skin wi h skull, I ha e b ough home. The
skull is e y simila in o m o he wo o H. hodgsoni, G ay,
in he B i ish l lnseum, and is like in o m o ee h. I is he
sknll•o an old animal, whe eas he .Museum specimens ha e open
su u es, and show juwnili y. I is la ge , and exhibi s di e ences
o de ail; bu i is ques ionable whe he hese may no be a i
bu able o ad anced age. Judging om he skull alone, one migh
be inclined o iden i y ou1· animal wi h he N epaul species; bu he
ex e nal o m o he Chinese Po cupine displays a conspicuous occi
pi al c es , which is en i ely absen in he o he . Hodgson and
o he zoologis s lay g ea s ess 011 he wan o his c es (see , a e 
house, l Iammalia, iii. -lG I) ; and he mo1111 ed skins in he Museum,
bo h mo e han wo- hi ds he size o my specimens, bea no ace
o i . :i Iy specimens, on he con a y, di e ing in age, in e se,
ha e each ·a c es . I ollow, he e o e, D . J. E. G ay's ach-ice, and
sepa a e he Chinese animal om i s Nepanlese ally, hough he ques
inn as o i s dis inc ness will no be sa is ac o ily de e mined un il
we asce ain ei he ha he H imalayan Po cnp0
ine has he c es
when ully adul , o ha he Chinese Po c11pine is des i u e o i in
i s younge s a e.
The ollowing is a desc ip ion om he lidng animal, co ec ed
by help o he skin:-
Snou o oo o ail abou 28 inches; ail abou 5, eo e ed a i s
base by he p o ll(1ing quills o he nmp, and ca ying a bunch o
sho whi e nmc,, ed quills on pedicles on he apical hi d o i s
l ng h. Palm o end o nails 3 inches; sole o cud o nails 4.
Head b ow11, wi h a he ba e b ownish lesh-colou ed cheeks, I is
cleep b own. A ew sho sca El'ed hai s ound eyes. Ea s o al,
lesh-b own, spa sely coYe ecl wi h whi ish hai s. Nose deep b own.
:i I uzzlc and lips wi h sho b own hai s. Gene al colou ligh
pu plish black, much de pe on he legs; whi e on he long hai s o
hind neck, wi h a c escen -shaped ma k o he same colou ac oss
b eas . Head, legs, and belly clo hed wi h sho s i b is les;
neck, an e io hal o hack, and 1,ides wi h sho u owed black
spines om I o 3 o mo e inches long, ending in sha p poin s,
hicke on he back, a11d ipped wi h yellowish. F om he occipu
sp ing long s i black b is les, whi e on he apical hal ; and along
he hind neck uns a bushy idge o he same om 2 o 5 inches
long, black, wi h mo e o less whi e. Hind pa o back wi h lung,
hick, igid quills, he longes abou 9 inches, mos ly whi e a base,
wi h mo e o less whi e a ip; hei cen al po ions black, wi hou
1870.] i lR. R. S VINHOJ<; ON CHINESE l<L ; L IALS. c;--15
he 'T ansac ions.' I haYe only a ew no es o o el' on he ap
pea ance o some skins ha we e b ough o me a Takow. 011e was
a s u ed skin o a awn abou 19 inches in leng h. I s colou was
ich yellowish b own, deepe on he hack, anJ paling 011 he sides
and legs; ace edde , wi h a blackish-b own o ehead, aml da k
b own behind he ea s. Inside o ea s, unde pa s, inne siJes o
legs, and unde ail pu e whi e, he h oa and neck aboYe being
inged wi h ed; uppe sm ace o ail ed. Two ows o yellowish
spo s lank he back on ei he side, wi h a ew i egula ones ou 
lying on he shoulde s and hind qua e s.
Th ee skins o adnl animals a e in di e en s ages o coa :- he
win e , when he hai is b own inely mo led, he lis down he back
showing i sel in a deep b own line becoming black o,·e he ail, he
unde pa s a dull whi e; hai no long ancl spo s sca cdy isible.
The au umn d ess, e iden ly o a young male om i s shagginess and
coa seness; he lis down he back much blacke , he b own inged
wi h a ich ed, and he whi e spo s beginning o ade. The hi d
skin shows he appea ance o he emale in summe -o a ich o ange
bu , b owne on he back, wi h a deep hlack do sal idge, he whi e
spo s pu e and conspicuous wi h a wa y whi e liue o coalescing spo s
below om o e o hind leg, umle which he bu again appea s, bu
e y pale, and is succeeded by he whi e o he unde pa s. In all
h ee skins he uppe su ace o he ail and he ump a i s base
a e black, he lowe su ace o he ail and he inne side o bu ocks
pu e whi e.
The ollowing Chinese no ice on he Fo mosan Dee om he
Taiwan oo Gaze ee is pe haps wo h eco ding:-" The Fo mosan
hills ha e no Tige s; hence Dee a e e y nume ous. In o me
yea s he whole island was gi en up o hun ing-g ound by he
abo igines; now i is ploughed ancl sown by he Chinese se le s, so
ha ai ields ex end as a as he eye can each, and he Dee ha,e
be aken hemsel es o he moun ains. They a e he e hun ed and
cap u ed; bu he ho ns o he Fo mosan species a e hin and so a
he base, and no equal o he plump li anche s om Leao ung P o
ince (No h China). A hund ed pai s when oas ed will only p o
<luce abou wen y pounds o mediciual glue. Though Dee abound,
you may seek a piece o enison in ain in he ma ke s. A he
win e and sp ing es iYi ies, howe ·e , he na iYes cu enison up in o
squa e blocks ,,eighing o e a pound each, and, a e s eeping hem
in b ine, o wa d hem o he depa men al an<l dis ic ci ies. The
colou o he ension so p ese ed is black, and i s as e changed;
i is no i o pick np wi h chop-s icks ; and ye i s p ice is no i le.
" Dee by hei ho ns eco <l h >i yea s, each o k on he an le
signi ying one yea , much as he age o ho ses is eco ded by hei
ee h. The abo igines shoo Dee o ood ; bu no one has e e me
a buck ca ying·se en o mo e o ks on he an le s. I was decla ed
in o me days ha Dee we e ai y animals o g ea longe i y; ancl
i was s a ed ha a he age o 500 hey we e whi e, and a l 000
black. Bn hese s o ies mn� be ables ; o he na i 'es a Chuh san
sho a small Dee o a pu e whi e wi h only wo o ks o i s an le .
This albinism canno , he e o e, be o he wise han due o an acciJen al

64G MR. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS. [Jnne 23,
a ia ion in he eolou o he hai . Th ee yea s a e bi h i e
Dee commences o ho n. A he end o he yea he ho ns d op
away as do he milk- ee h o in an s. O he ho ns appea in hei
place, which a e e ained h oughou he animal's li e ime; bu e e y
yea an ex a o k is added.
"The ea s appea in he doe a he age o ou mon hs. Jus
be o e hey show she ge s ex emely a . , hen big wi h young, he
skin is so , smoo h, spo ed, glossy, and e y lo 'ely. As soon as
he doe has inished suckling and obse es he awn ge ing o ma
u i y, she dese s i and epai s o o he hills, ea ing ha he own
issue migh en e ain an imp ope a ec ion o he sel . Animals do
no con use he ies o consanguini y, he ho se excep ed. The
s allion, howe e , when he does commi inces wi h his mo he , soon
a e dies. The doe dep i es he o sp ing o he oppo uni y by
se ing a dis auee be ween he sel and awn ; o she dese s i and
be akes he sel a a ."
I ha e la ely examined he ype specimens in he Pa is Musenm o
Ce us pse1�daxis, and I am con inced ha hey belong o he Fo 
mosan species.
76. CEn us (RusA) SWINHOII. (Swinhoe's Dee .)
Ce us(Rusa)swinhoii, Scla e , P.Z.S. 1862, p.152, pl. x ii.;
Swinhoe, P. Z. S. I 86'.L, p. 3G4.
In he cen al anges o Fo mosa nea .Moun Mo ison his b own
dee is e y common ; and on a isi I paill o he wild ibes o hese
pa s in Feb ua y l 8G6 I ound hem hun ing he Dee wi h dogs"'.
A place is clea ed in he o es , whe e a pa y o men hide a med wi h
ma chlocks; he dogs yelp a e he dee and d i e hem in o he
open, whe e he hidden spo smen ge easy sho s a hem. The son
o he chie wi h whom I was s aying had jus e u ned om a suc
cess ul ba ne wi h he obus an le s and lesh o a la ge buck. I
induced him o e u n o he head, which he had h own away on
he ield. I was hus enabled o secu e a ine skull o he B i ish
Museum.
The young o his species abou hal -g own is eddish b own,
wi h he ail bushy and black, bu eddish a i s oo . Sides o he
hody pale , and he belly blackish b own. Legs pale owa ds he
hoo s; he ln e black. Unde su ace o ail, abdomen, and inne
sides o hind legs down o middle o shank yellowish whi e, he b eas
and belly being blackish b own. Unde su ace o head and neek
mo led whi ey b own. C own o he head wi h many o he hai s
ipped wi h black ; om he oceipu a da k line uns down o he base
o he ail. Ea s blacki�h b own, ipped and ma gined wi h och eous
whi e, and whi ish on hei insides.
The adul , in summe , has i s coa se hai deep b own, ain ly mo 
led, u ous on he ump ; be ween he o e legs and he highs
och eous whi e ; ail bushy aml da k. In win e i becomes a deepe
b own. The Socie y's Ga dens haYe had wo o h ee examples o
*The Dogs in he possession o hese abo igines we e o he o dina y Chinese
b eed p ocu ed om he colonis s.
648 MR, R, SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS. [June 23,
78 . .Bos CHINENSIS. (Sou h-China Ca le.)
The small Yellow Cow o Sou h China is a peculia ace, combi
ning, as i seems o do, he cha ac e s o Bos indicus o India and
Bos au us o Eu ope. I has he bead and dewlap in cha ac e
wi h he o me , wi h a small hump, he s aigh back, and hind
qua e s o he la e . M . Bly h main ains ha i is a c oss be ween
he wo; and his opinion may pe haps be bo ne ou by he ac ha
he N o b-Chinese la ge ca le a e ce ainly like on Eu opean o dina y
b eed. In he 'Taiwan oo Gaze ee ' I ead his passage unde he
head "Yellow Cow":-" The neighbou ing hills ha e his animal in
Fig. 6.
Bos chinensis.
abundance. They a e caugh and amed, and a e ained o nse in
he ploughing o ields and d awing o ca s;" and u he on,
" Fo mosa has an abundance o wild ca le, occu ing in he ds o
hund eds and housands. When i is desi ed o cap u e hem, a
wooden s ockade is e ec ed wi h ou sides, in one o which is le a
doo . The ca le a e d i en owa ds i un il hey all en e , when
he ga e is shu on hem and hey a e ba ed in and le o s a e.
They a e a e wa ds by deg ees hal e ed and b idled, and ea ed o
odde and beans, nn il hey become no di e en om domes ic
ca le." , e e hese wild ca le indigenous o he island, o we e
hey simply e al descendan s o an in oduced ace? I he la e ,
who in oduced hem ? The Chinese, when hey commenced o
se le in Fo mosa, ound eno mons wil l he ds al endy he e. The
1870.J MR. R, SWINHOE ON CHINESE l IAl lMALS, 649
Fig. i.
Top iew o skull o Bos cliinensi.�.
Fig. 8.
Side iew o skull o Bos chincnsis.
650 .MR. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE MAMMALS. [June 23,
wild na es did no use hem excep o ood ; and i is no likely
ha hey could ha e con eyed domes ic ca le in he small canoes
by which hey s aggled o Fo mosa. I hey had, we should expec
o ind some peculia b eed, whe eas, as ou au ho ells us, hey
"we e no di e en om (Sou h-China) domes ic ca le." To show
ha hey we e de i ed om he Chinese b eed, we should ha e o
belie e ha he Chinese had ea lie communica ion wi h he island
han hei eco ds decla e. I ake i , hen, ha he wild Fo mosan
Cow was indigenous o Fo mosa, and o he same species ha anged
h oughou Sou h China, om which he p esen domes ic ca le o
he sou h a c de i ed. I ha e no hea d o i s being ound wild in
he p esen day in China; and in Fo mosa he wild ace has almos ,
i no qui e, disappea ed. In he cen al moun ains hey a e kep in a
semi-wild s a e, and om he e I p ocu ed he skulls o an adul male
and emale and a li e bull. The bull I had pho og aphed and now
exhibi i s po ai ( ig. 6, p. 648) ; and he skulls a e deposi ed in he
B i ish Museum. The igu e shows a be e and s onge build han
o dina y Sou h-Chinn Ca le possess, and p o es he wo o be o he
same ace. The Chinese ha e done li le o imp o e hei b eed o
ca le ; and you may see his kind in he coun y om Can on o
Ningpo unchanged in o m o shape o ho ns, bu , as a ule, a
li le smalle and mo e degene a e han he wilde animals om he
Fo mosan moun ains. The skull o he bull ( igs. 7 & 8) measu es
19· 5 inches in leng h ; he ho ns a e somewha conical, measu e
8 ioches in leng h each, and s and ou wa ds and backwa ds. The
animal is a ich ches nu -b own wi h whi ish unde pa s and ee .
I s ho ns and hoo s a e black.
I ha e ne e hea d o he Bu alo occu ing wild in ei he China
o Fo mosa. The domes ic a i y, used as a beas o bu den by
he Chines , is sho -ho ned and appa en ly he same b eed as
ha ound in Manilla.
EDENTATA.
79. MANIS DALMANNI, Sunde all. (Scaly An -ea e .)
Jl,lanis (Pholido us) dalm mni, G ay, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 366;
Swinhoe, Zoologis , 1858, p. 622..J; P. Z. S. 1864, p. 381.
In June 1867, a Amoy, I pu chased a amily o Scaly An ea e s,
consis ing o he mo he and a he and h ee li le ones. The old
ones ha<l dim wa e y eyes and we e a he slow in hei mo emen s,
walking on he sides o he bind ee and on he ips o he claws o
he o e ee . The young we e b igh e -eyed and ac i e, unning
abou he oom in all di ec ions, s anding on hei bind legs and as
suming a a ie y o cu ious posi ions; bu hei habi o walking
was essen ially he same as in he adul s. I kep hem all ali e o
some days; bu I ne e hea d hem u e any c y, no e en a moan.
The adul male measu ed in en i e leng h 33·25 inches; ail 13· 5;
ip o nose o uppe co ne o ea 3· I ; heigh o ea I· 1 ; ac oss head
om ea o ea 2 ; an e io co ne o eye o ip o nose I ·9 ; b ead h
o eye ·5
; b ead h o gape ·9, o muzzle ·7, o nose ·5; leng h o
sole o hind oo 2·4, g ea es b ead h 1 ·4; leng h o middle claw o
o e oo 2· I.

1870.] Mll. R. SWINHOE ON CHINESE l IAMl lALS. 651
·Head, ea s, he unde and all leshy pa s milk whi e, o he
colou o cooked po k, he nose and muzzle ha ing a inge o pu ple.
Cheeks, h oa , and unde pa s sp inkled wi h sho ish s i coa se
hai s o a ligh eddish sandy colou . A ew ligh e -colou ed b is
les p ojec om unde he e ex o each scale om he uccipu o
he ail. Scales sho and b oad, and usually pu plish b own o
wo- hi ds o hei leng h, he ip po ion yellowish-g ey ho n
colou . On he sides o he body, and especially along he legs, he
scales a e placed a apa , exposing he whi e skin. The small
scales on he sides o he o e legs a e o en sunk benea h he le el
o he bulging skin. Besides he basal e ical s i e on he scales,
he e a e o en ( on he la ge scales chie ly) wo o h ee ans e se
u ows nea hei bases. The la ge scales a e held o he skin by
a leshy nipple-like pimple on each side o hem adhe ing o hei
basal angles. Claws dingy yellowish.
A young male measu ed 21 •i5 in en i e leng h; ail 8·75. Head
compa a i ely sho e and deepe han in he adul . Face pinkish
whi e, washed abou he muzzle and bo de s o ea s wi h blackish
g ey; nose and lips pu plish g ey. Tungue abou 2·i5 long, ·45
b oad, na owing o ·2, and ounded a ip ; composed o a e mi
o m cen e wi h leshy side- ims, g adually la ening owa ds ip.
lla e pa s milky whi e. Heddish sandy hai s occu abou he
lowe lobe o he ea (which is shaped some hing like he human
ea ), he h oa , and unde pa s; in he i s wo longe and mo e
nume ous han in he adul . Longe and coa se whi ey-b own
hai s sp ing in u s o i e o so om unde each scale. Scales mo e
uni o m and compac , e en on he legs, han in he adul , mo e
s ia ed longi udinally and ans e sely, and much a ke in colom,
esembling he side-piece::; o an aco n-ba nacle (Balanus). Many
o he la e al scales o he neck, body, and legs ca ina ed; gene al
colou o scales glossy blackish b own wi h a inge o sea-g een,
some imes ipped, edged, and ma ked along he keels wi h ligh
ho n-colou . The basal pimples ha suppo he scales o he
adnl a e no appa en in he young animal.
The h ee young ones di e ed in size and in he p opo ional
leng h o hei ails, and, I do no hink, we e o he same bi h.
Only one o hem was suckled by he mo he . They seemed o be
o di e en ages. A p egnan Manis ha I once examined ca ied
only one young one; and I do no hink ha hey usually ha e mo e
han one a a bi h.
An adul male om Fo mosa is abou a hi d la ge han he o 
dina y un o Amoy specimens. I has longe , na owe , and da ke
scales ; and hose on he legs a e compac and im b ica ed clown o
he oes. I a i s hough ha his "Tayowan De il," so called
by he ea ly Hollande s, was o ano he species; bn I can de ec no
di e ences in i s skull. The size and colou o he scales I ind e y
a iable. The da k colou o he Fo mosan specimen is like ha o
he young Amoy animal. This may be owing o he di e ence o
he ea h in which i lh·es. The Amoy and Fo mosan adul skulls
bo h ha e comple e mala a ches ; bu in he skulls o he Amoy
young ones hese gape apa , he unossi ied ca ilage be ween ha ing
652 MR, R. SWINH0E ON CHINESE MAMMALS. LJune 23,
been cleaned away. The Fo mosan JJianis is cons an ly o a much
la ge size han he Sou h-China animal ; and i is no unlikely ha
on u he s udy i will be ound o be dis inc .
The adul Amoy male abo e e e ed o I ha e placed in he Col
lege-o -Su geons, and he es o my se ies a e in he B i ish 1 Iuseum.
A no e on he beha iou o his animal in con inemen will be
ound in he 'Zoologis ' o 1858 (l. s. c.).
The JJ1anis is no uncommon in many pa s o Fo mosa, is
abundan in he neighbou hood o Amoy, Swa ow, and sou he n
pa s o China, ex ending o Hainan. How a i anges no h I
ha e no asce ained.
CETACEA.
80. DELPHINUS (STENO) CHINENSIS, Osbeck. (Sou h-China
Whi e Po poise.)
Delphinus (S eno) cl inensis, Flowe , T ans. Z. S. ii. p; 2,
p. 151; Swinhoe, Zoologis , 1858, p. G226.
This whi e Po poise, which P o es n Flowe has so ably de
sc ibed (l. c.), is o be seen in all he i e s o Sou h China,
and p obably ex ends in o he Yang sze, whe e whi e Po poises
occu as a up as Hankow (750 miles om he sea). Abo e ha po ,
and on o Ichang ( 1110 miles om he sea), we no iced a smalle
and appa en ly di e en o m, also whi e in colou . I ha e been
old ha black Po poises occu a he mou h o he Shanghai i e ,
and I ha e mysel seen a school o small black Dolphins a sea no h
o Amoy (Swinhoe, 'No h-China Campaign,' 1860, p. 10); bu
beyond hei occu ence I know no hing mo e o hem. I ha e ne e
seen Po poises o any kind o he coas o in he i e s o Fo mosa.
81. BALJENOPTERA SWINH0II. (Swinhoe's Fin-whale.)
Balamop e a swinlioii, G ay, P. Z. S. 1!;65, p. 725.
A la ge Finne -whale was cas on he sands o Fo mosa wo miles
below he po o Takow in 1862. In 1864 I collec ed all he bones
o i ha emained, and sen hem o he B i ish Museum. On iew
o hese, D . J. E. G ay has es ablished his species. Since hen
some mo e emains ha e been collec ed and sen home. This Whale
eso s o he Hainan seas in win e , whe e he.Chinese pn sue i o
he oil i yields. In summe i occu s in he Namoa s ai s and o
he Po o Swa ow. A pa y o Ame icans hough o es ablish a
ishe y a Swa ow, bu a e one o wo cap u es hey ga e up he
scheme. They ound he Whale useless o hei pu poses.
82. ? MEGAPTERA KUZIRA (Temm. & Sehl.). (Sou h-China
Small Finne .)
One day a Takow in Ma ch 1865 I was oused by he c y o
"Hai-yang" (o Whale), and hea d ha one had jus been s anded.
I c ossed he ha bou and made o he spo . On he oad I me
se e al pa ies o Chinamen e u ning laden wi h po ions o he
poo mons e . On a i ing a he spo I ound li le le beside he
jaw and a pa o he back ; and e en hese we e being hacked and
1870.J DR, ;J, E. GRAY ON NEW TORTOISES. 653
ough o e . The c ea u e mus ha e been ei he sick o oolish;
o i wande ed close o he sho e jus ound he ocks a he en
ance o he small ha bou . A l Ianillaman obse ed i , and, ge ing
a hamme , ushed in o be wa ' and s uck i a se e e blow on he
head. He hen hailed some Chinese o assis in ge ing i asho e.
I measu ed, I was old on ole ably good au ho i y, abou 20 ee ,
and bad no in on i s back. I saw pa s o i s belly, and obse ed
ha i was plai ed ac oss. I s colou was o a leaden black abo e,
and whi ish benea h. I saw one man ca ying away i s pec o al
lippe s, and wo o he s i s ail. I seized a piece o he baleen and
sen i o he B i ish Museum, bu i un o una ely ne e eached
i s des ina ion. Viewed ex e io ly, i was like a high comb, he
ee h (so o speak) being abou 3 inches high and se abou one-six h
o an inch apa , wo n in o b is les a hei ips. Viewed om
inside, you saw no hing bu close-se whi ish coa se hai s o b is les.
Examined sepa a ely, each pla e o baleen was shaped like a lob-sided
iangle leaning ou wa ds, colou ed blackish blue like o dina y
whalebone, and b oken up a he op o abou an inch, and o a less
ex en along he inne edge, in o coa se whi ish hai . The wid h
o each pla e a he base was l ·25 inch. The e was a sheen o pu ple
·abou he da k pa s o he animal, especially on he lippe s and
ail.
The gunboa 'Flame ' came in o Takow a day o wo a e he
occu ence abo e ela ed; and he commande , Lieu enan Ea on,
old me ha he had me a la ge numbe o small Whales be ween
ou po and he Pescado es. He mis ook hem o a long line o
b eake s whe e he cha showed no shoal. He kep away, ea ing
ha he e migh be some mis ake in he cha , when some o he
b u es began o h ow hei ails and cu an ics in he wa e . He
hen saw ha he dange was no hing mo e han a school o Whales.
He said he e mus ha e been abou i y, mos o hem a e aging
20 ee o mo e. He did no obse e ha hey bad any in on
he back. They spou ed wa e .
F om he na u e o he baleen, ou species mus belong o he
Bal enop e id e; and om he shape o i s lippe s and wan o a
conspicuous do sal in i mus be a .Megap e a. I is p obable ha
i will be ound o be he same species ha occu s in he seas o
Sou h Japan.
10. No es on To oises in he B i ish Museum, wi h Desc ip
ions o some New Species. By D . J. E. GRAY,
F.R.S. &c.