Bats (Chiroptera)

Neo opical
Rain o es
Mammals
A
Field
Guide
Tex
by
Louise
H.
Emmons
Colo
Pla es
and
Illus a ions
by
F angois
Fee
The
Uni e si y
o
Chicago
P ess
Chicago
and
London
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
Ba s
a e
he
only
mammals
ha
can
ly.
Thei
o elimbs
a e
ue
wings
ha
a e
lapped
in
powe ed
ligh .
Thei
wing memb anes
a e
made
o
ema kable
skin ha
is
s ong,
so ,
lexible,
and
can
heal
i
punc u ed.
The
skin
is
amazingly
elas ic:
when
a
ba
closes
i s
wings,
he
memb ane
does
no
old
bu
con ac s
like
a
shee
o
ubbe ,
ye
he
wing
opens
wi h
almos
no
o ce
equi ed
o
s e ch
i .
All
New
Wo ld
ba s
belong
o
he
su-
bo de
Mic ochi op e a.
These
ba s
all
use
a
kind
o
sona ,
o
echoloca ion.
High- equen-
cy
sounds
a e
emi ed
h ough
he
mou h
o
nose,
and
he
e u ning
echoes in o m
he
ba
abou
he
cha ac e is ics
o
nea by
objec s.
This
enables
ba s
no
only
o
na iga e
in
he
comple e
da kness
o
ca es
and
low
ligh
o
o es
unde s o y,
bu
also
o
home
in
on
lying
insec s.
Mos
echoloca ion
sounds
a e
ul asonic
(abo e he
human
hea ing
ange),
bu
people
wi h
good
hea ing
can
hea
a
ain
icking
sound
as
a
ba
lies
close
by.
A
ew
species
ha
eed
on
la ge
insec s
echoloca e
wi h
audible
sounds.
Membe s
o
di e en
amilies
a e
o en
specialized
o
di e en
s yles
o
echoloca ion,
wi h
dis inc i e
con igu-
a ions
o
he
ea s
o
ga he
he
sounds
and
s uc u es
a ound
he
mou h
and
nose
o
emi
hem.
Mos
echoloca ing
ba s
also
see
qui e
well,
especially
in
dim
ligh .
Despi e
hese
senses,
ba s
lying
down
a
amilia
pa h
may
no
be
paying
a en ion
o
om
cu iosi y
may
ly
close
o
people
and
may
bump
hem
o
b ush
hem
wi h
hei
wings;
a
ba
will
no
ge
angled
in
human
hai
(an
old
supe s i ion),
and
i
will
no
bi e
spon aneously.
Bu
like
many
animals,
a
ba
will
bi e
in
i s
own
de ense
i
i
is
es ained
in
he
hand.
Rela-
i ely
ew
species
o
ba s
in
Neo opical
ain o es
ha e
e e
been
ound
o
ca y
abies,
bu
he e
is
a
isk,
especially
in
popula ed
egions
wi h
many
ca le
and
dogs.
The
bes
policy
is
ei he
no
o
handle
li e
ba s
o
o
use
hea y
glo es
when
doing
so.
Ba s
a e
bene icial;
hey
ea
eno mous
quan i ies
o
insec s,
pollina e
many
impo an
plan s
such
as
balsa,
chicle,
and
calabash,
and
help
egene a e
he
o es
by
dispe sing
seeds.
In
num-
be s
o
species,
ba s
a e
he
mos
impo an
o de
o
mammals
in
Neo opical
ain o es s:
in
a
gi en
o es
he e
a e
gene ally
as
many
species
o
ba s
as
he e
a e
o
all
o he
species
o
mammals
combined;
39%
o
all
mammal
species
in
he
egion
a e
ba s.
Wo ld-
wide,
ba s
a e
he
second
la ges
o de
o
mammals,
wi h
abou
950
species.
Shea h- ailed
Ba s
(Emballonu idae)
Den al
o mula:
11/3,
Cl/1,
P2/2,
M3/3
=
32. The
New
Wo ld
membe s
o
his
amily
a e
all
small
(3—23
g).
They
ha e
plain
aces
wi h
no
elabo a e s uc u es
o
wa s.
The
nose
is
simple,
he
muzzle
a
li le
elonga ed
and
up u ned,
wi h
nos ils
sligh ly
ubelike
and
poin ing
o wa d,
he snou
ex ending
well
beyond
he
lowe
lip.
The
ea
is
a
simple,
b oad
iangle,
sligh ly
poin ed
o
ounded
a
he
ip,
o en
deeply
idged
wi h
pa allel
olds
on
i s
inne ,
ea
hal
and
edge;
he
agus
is
a
sho ,
simple
s ub.
The
eye
is
qui e
la ge
and
almond-shaped,
coming
o
a
g adual
poin
in
he
inne
come .
The
ail
is
shea hed
in
he
ail
memb ane
o
mos
o
i s
leng h,
bu
he
ip
s icks
ou
eely
abo e
om
he
middle
o
he
memb ane.
The
ex ended
ail
memb ane
is
as
long
as
o
longe
han
he
legs.
These
ba s
all
ha e
long,
ine
lax
u .
In
many
species,
ei he
jus
males
o
bo h
sexes
ha e
a
mois ,
glandula
pocke
in
he
wing
memb ane
o wa d
o
he
elbow
(p opa agium).
Ba s
o
his
amily
a e
all
ae ial
insec i o es:
New
Wo ld
species
all
ha e
a
slow,
lu e ing,
bu e lylike
ligh
and
end
o
o age
in
"bea s,"
epea ing
he
same
ligh
pa h
again
and
again,
nigh
a e
nigh .
They
do
no
ha e
as
s ong
an
a e sion
o
dayligh
as
do
mos
ba s,
and
many
species
oos
in
open,
well-li
places.
They
o en
ly
when
he e
is
some
dayligh
a
dusk
o
dawn.
The
oos ing
pos u e
o
ba s
o
his
amily
is
dis inc i e:
he
ba
hangs
head
downwa d
om
a
e ical
o
slan ed
su ace,
wi h
he
ee
sp ead
apa
and
he
on
o
he
body
suppo ed
agains
he
su ace
by
he
humbs
on
he
ips
o
he
olded
wings
ha
a e
held
ou
a
an
angle
o
he
body
(pla e
5);
he
head
is
aised
up
and
acing
s aigh
ou wa d;
he
ail
memb ane
is
con ac ed
and
he
ail
p o-
44
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
45
udes;
he
oos ing
ba
o en
ocks
om
side
o
side
i
dis u bed.
The
amily
is
wo ld-
wide,
opical
and
sub opical,
and
includes
abou
48
species,
18
o
hem
in
he
New
Wo ld.
Long-nosed
Ba
Rhynchonyc e is
naso
Pla es
B,
5;
map
30
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
37-
53;
T
=
9-19;
HF
=
7-9;
E
=
10-14;
FA
=
35-41;
WT
=
3-7
g.
Uppe pa s
b own
hea ily
os ed
o
g izzled
wi h
di y
whi e,
b own
base
o
u
showing
h ough
gi es
sligh ly
a ie-
ga ed
look;
lowe
back
wi h
wo
indis inc
wa y
whi e
lines;
o ea m
wi h
li le
whi e
u s
o
hai
e enly
spaced
along
wingbone;
wings
and
ail
memb ane
b own.
Nose
elonga ed,
p oboscislike,
ex ending
a
beyond
mou h.
Tail
mem-
b ane
longe
han
legs,
calca
abou
h ee
imes
as
long
as
oo ;
memb ane
hinly
hai ed
o
abou
leng h
o
ail
on
uppe
side.
Unde pa s
whi ish,
hai
b own
a
base.
Va ia ion.
Lines
on
back
may
be
p omi-
nen
o
almos
in isible;
colo
a ies
om
awny
b own
o
whi ish
os ed.
Simila
species.
These
a e
he
only
li le
ba s
wi h
an
elonga ed
nose:
see
whi e-
lined
sac-winged
ba s
(Saccop e yx
spp.).
Na u al
his o y.
Feeds
on
iny
insec s
(abou
2
mm).
Long-nosed
ba s
o age
o e
wa e ,
such
as
i e s,
s eams,
lakes,
ponds,
and
ma shes.
They
a e
one
o
he
mos
commonly
seen
and
locally
well
known
ba s.
They
oos
in
he
open
o e
o
beside
wa e ,
on
he
lowe
side
o
a
la ge
b anch,
allen
ee,
leaning
ee
unk,
s eep
ace
o
a
bank,
o
below
a
b idge.
They
oos
in
g oups
o
3-45,
usually
abou
12,
and
hang
in
a
cha ac e is ic
s aigh
line,
wi h
each
ba
spaced
2-4
cm
om
i s
neighbo s.
The
os ed
u
blends
pe ec ly
wi h
ee
ba k,
bu
he
p o ile
o
e enly
spaced
li le
bumps
is
a
gi eaway.
They
some imes
s a
o
ock
back
and
o h,
wi h
all
g oup
membe s
swaying
like
lea es
in
he
wind.
I
app oached
oo
closely,
he
en i e
g oup
lies
o
like
a
li -
le
lock
o
mo hs. They
can
be
seen
on
al-
mos
any
i e
ip
in
he
ain o es
egion.
A
dusk
hey
a e
he
i s
ba s
o
be
seen
ou
o aging
o e
he
wa e
su ace.
Found
in
ain o es ,
d y
o es ,
galle y
o es ,
sec-
onda y
ege a ion,
ga dens,
o
pas u es.
Map
30
I
I
Long-nosed
ba .
Rhynchonyc e is
naso
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
Ve ac uz,
Mexico,
sou h
o
N
Boli ia,
and
Ma o
G osso
and
Minas
Ge -
ais,
B azil.
S a us.
O en
common;
widesp ead.
Re e ences.
B adbu y,
J.,
and
S.
L.
Veh-
encamp.
1976.
Social
o ganiza ion
and
o aging
in
emballonu id
ba s.
Beha .
Ecol.
Sociobiol.
1:337-81.
Whi e-lined
Sac-winged
Ba s
Saccop e yx
spp.
Pla es
B,
5,
map
31
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
40-
67;
T
=
11-20;
HF
=
6-13;
FA
=
35-
50;
WT
=
3-12
g.
Uppe pa s
da k,
black-b own
o
awny
b own,
usually
wi h
wo
wa y
whi e
lines
om
shoulde
o
end
o
ump.
Wing
sac
well
de eloped
in
males,
close
o
o ea m
bone
beyond
elbow.
Tail
memb ane
longe
han
legs,
calca
abou
wo
imes
as
long
as
oo .
Unde pa s
usually
pale
b own,
u
da ke
b own
a
base.
Species.
The e
a e ou
species:
S.
bilinea-
a
is
he
la ges
(7-12
g),
almos
black,
wi h
blackish
wings
and
ail
and
p ominen
whi e
lines;
S.
lep u a
(4-7
g)
is chocola e-
b own
wi h
ches nu
in s,
dis inc
yellow-
ish
lines
on
back,
b own
wings
and
ail
memb ane;
S.
canescens
(3-4
g)
is
awny
b own,
os ed
wi h
g ayish
o
yellowish
especially
on
head,
indis inc
whi e
lines
on
back,
b own
wings
and
ail
memb anes;
46
Species
Accoun s
Map
31
S.
gymnu a
(3-4
g)
is
da k
chocola e-
b own,
wi h
no
s ipes
and
unde pa s
only
sligh ly
pale
han
back,
wings
and
ail
memb anes
b own.
Simila
species.
S.
canescens
is
like
he
long-nosed
ba
(Rhynchonyc e is
naso)
bu
has
sho
muzzle
and
no
u s
o
hai
on
o ea m;
he
posi ion
o
he
wing
sac
dis-
inguishes
S.
gymnu a
om
doglike
(Pe -
op e yx
spp.)
o
ches nu
(Co mu a
b e i-
os is)
sac-winged
ba s.
Sounds.
S.
bilinea a
o en
and
S.
lep u a
a ely
"sing"
a
hei
oos s
wi h
a
c icke -
like
wi e ing
and
chi ping,
and
bo h
spe-
cies
chi p
loudly
du ing
encoun e s
wi h
conspeci ics
while
o aging.
Na u al
his o y.
Whi e-lined
ba s
eed
on
iny
insec s
(2-4
mm).
They
come
ou
o
o age
du ing
he
las
dayligh
and
ly
in
bea s,
epea ing
he
same
pa h
again
and
again.
They
o age
a
dusk
inside
he
o es
(S.
lep u a),
in
small
openings
in
he
o -
es ,
he
o es
edges,
a ound
camps
(whe e
hey
o en
ly
h ough
buildings),
i e
edges
and
pas u es
(5.
bilinea a,
S.
canes-
cens).
La e
in
he
e ening
hey
may
mo e
highe
and
highe ,
o
o age abo e he
o -
es
canopy.
They
oos
in
small
g oups,
each
ba
spaced
a
ew
cen ime e s
om
i s
neighbo s,
inside
hollow
ees,
o
on
he
ou side
o
a
ee
unde
an
o e hanging
b anch
o kno
(S.
lep u a),
o
in
ca elike
ca i ies
be ween
gian
bu esses
o
ees
such
as
igs
(5.
bilinea a),
unde
b idges
o
he
ou e
e es
o
houses
in
o es .
S.
bili-
nea a
has
a
complex
social
sys em
in
which
a
male
de ends
a
iny
e i o y
a
he
oos
si e,
a ound
his
ha em
o
one
o
eigh
emales.
Se e al
ha ems
may
oos
side
by
side
on
a
ee.
The
male
displays
by
wa -
ing
his
olded
wing,
wi h
he
gland
open,
a
ano he
ba ,
o
some imes
he
ho e s
in
ligh ,
singing
o
his
ma es.
I
is
easy
o
see
hese
beha io s
by
wa ching
disc ee ly,
especially
a
dawn
o
om
ou
o
six
in
he
a e noon.
The
ha em
o
emales
o-
ge he
de ends
a
e i o y
whe e
hey
eed.
S.
lep u a
has
a
simple
social
sys em;
ha
o
he
o he
wo
species
is
unknown.
Found
in
lowland
ma u e
and
seconda y
ain o es ,
d y
o es ,
galle y
o es ,
plan a-
ions
and
ga dens,
and
pas u es.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
S.
bilinea a
anges
om
S
Mexico
o
SE
B azil;
S.
lep u a
om
S
Mexico
o
Boli ia
and
o
Bahia,
B azil;
S.
canescens
om
he
Amazon
Basin
and
Colombia,
Ven-
ezuela,
and
he
Guianas;
S.
gymnu a
is
known only
om
B azil
nea
he
Amazon
Ri e
om
he
Rio
Tapaj6s
o
Belem.
S a us.
All
a e
widesp ead
and some imes
common
excep
S.
gymnu a,
which
appea s
o
be
es ic ed
and
a e.
Re e ences.
B adbu y,
J.
W.,
and
L.
H.
Emmons.
1974.
Social
o ganiza ion
o
some
T inidad
ba s.
I.
Emballonu idae.
Z.
Tie psychol.
36:137-83.
B adbu y,
J.,
and
S.
L.
Veh encamp.
1976.
Social
o ganiza ion
and
o aging
in
emballonu id
ba s.
Beha .
Ecol.
Sociobiol.
1:337-81.
Shaggy
Ba
Cen onyc e is
maximiliani
Pla e
B,
map
32
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
46-
57;
T
=
20-32;
HF
=
7-9;
E
=
17-19;
FA
=
43-49;
WT
=
5-6
g.
Uppe pa s smoky
b own
wi h
yellow-o -
ange
in ;
hai
e y
long
and
woolly.
Head
woolly wi h hai
ex ending
o
nose
and
chin;
ea
wi h
p ominen
pa allel
idges
on
inne
ea
edge.
Tail
long,
eme ging
abou
hal way
down
ail
mem-
b ane;
ail
memb ane
much
longe
han
legs
when
ex ended;
s ongly
pa e ned
wi h
pa allel
ows
o
do s
c ossed
by
p ominen
b anching
eins;
eddish
body
hai
ex ends
on o
he
base
o
he
mem-
b ane.
Unde pa s
sligh ly
mo e
yellowish
han
back.
No
wing
sac.
Ba
like
a
small
ball
o
lu .
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
47
Map
32
Map
33
ilil
Shaggy
bal,
Cen onyc e is
maximiliani
Simila
species.
Long-nosed
ba s
ha e
a
long
nose
and
a iega ed
u .
Na u al
his o y.
Shaggy
ba s
o age
in
bea s,
wi h
a
slow
lu e ing ligh ;
hey
ha e
been no ed
lying
in
la e
a e noon.
They
oos
in
ee
holes.
Found
in
ma u e
ain o es
and
seconda y
o es .
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
Ve ac uz,
Mexico,
sou h
o
Ecua-
do
and
N
Pe u,
on
bo h
sides
o
he
An-
des,
and
all
o
N
Sou h
Ame ica
no h
o
he
Amazon
and
sou h
o
coas al
Bahia.
Poo ly
known.
S a us.
Appa en ly
a e
e e ywhe e
in
la ge
geog aphic
ange.
Doglike
Sac-winged
Ba s
Pe
op e yx
spp.
Pla e
B,
map
33
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
41-
64;
T
=
8-17;
HF
=
6-12;
E
=
10-20;
FA
=
38.5-53.6;
WT
=
3-11
g.
Uppe pa s
chocola e-b own,
g ayish
smoky
b own,
o
yellowish
smoky
b own;
u
long
and
lax.
Head
wi h
a
p ominen
u
on
c own,
his
u
sligh ly
wa y,
ending
ab up ly
o e
naked
ace;
mou h
inged
wi h
a
na ow
mus ache
o
s i
hai s;
snou
sho
and
b oad;
ea
poin -
ed,
wi h
old
om
inne
im
ex ending
pa ly
o
comple ely
ac oss
o ehead.
Wings
and
ail
memb ane
b own,
o
wings
whi e.
Tail
memb ane
long,
calca
wice
as
long
as
oo ;
memb ane
wi h
ows
o
ine
do s
below,
unde su ace
co e ed
wi h
sho ,
ine,
s i
hai s,
eels
ough;
abo e
sligh ly
hai y
wi h
body
hai
ex-
ending
on o
memb ane
o
leng h
o
II1II1
Doglike
sac-winged
ba s,
Pe op e yx
ail,
abou
one- hi d
o
leng h.
Glandula
sac
on
o wa d
edge
o
p opa agium.
Un-
de pa s
like
back
o
pale .
Species.
The e
a e
h ee
species:
P.
kapple i
is
la ge
(6-11
g)
and
chocola e-b own;
P.
mac o is
is
small
(3-8
g)and
chocola e
o
smoky
o
awny
b own;
P.
leucop e a
is
in-
e media e,
wi h
whi e
wings
and
a
mem-
b ane
o
old
comple ely
ac oss
o ehead
be-
ween
ea s
abo e
naked
ace;
i
is
some imes
placed
in
a
sepa a e genus
(Pe onymus).
Simila
species.
Ches nu
sac-winged
ba s
(Co mu a
b e i os is)
ha e
no
hai
on
op
o
ail
memb ane
and
a
line
o
hai
unning
down
muzzle;
leas
sac-winged
ba s
(Bal-
an iop e yx
spp.)
ha e
he
wing
sac
in
he
cen e
o
he
p opa agium,
no
a
i s
o -
wa d
edge,
and
o en
ha e
a
whi e
ea
edge
on
wing
and
a
long
snou .
Na u al his o y.
P.
mac o is
eeds
mainly
on
iny
bee les
and
lies.
P.
kapple i
oos s
in
small
g oups
o
one
o
six
nea
he
g ound
in
hollow
logs,
mois
hollow
bu -
essed
ees,
o
ca es,
whe e
he
ba s
hang
in
con ac
in
a
line,
each
ouching
wi h
i s
belly he
back
o
he
one
in
on
( hey
sepa a e
i
dis u bed).
P.
mac o is
oos s
in
ock
piles,
ock
c e ices,
ca es,
hollow
logs,
houses,
o
unnels,
and
P.
kapple i
also
some imes
uses
hese
oos s.
P.
kap-
ple i
o ages
in
he
ain o es
subcanopy,
lying
in
long,
slow
bea s
20-30
m
long;
i
mo e
a ely
uses
c oplands.
P.
mac o is
usually
o ages
in
ain o es
bu
also
eeds
in
sa annas,
plan a ions,
and
d y
o es s.
P.
leucop e a
is
poo ly
known.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
.
48
Species
Accoun s
Map
34
Ame ica:
P.
kapple i
and
P.
mac o is
om
S
Mexico
o
Pa aguay
and
SE
B azil;
P.
kapple i
no
in
he
Amazon
Basin.
P.
leucop e a
om
he
Guianas,
he
Ama-
zon
Basin,
and
coas al
B azil
o
Bahia.
S a us.
Widesp ead
bu
may
be
es ic ed
by
oos ing
si es;
gene ally
uncommon
o
a e.
Re e ences.
B adbu y,
J.,
and
S.
L.
Veh-
encamp.
1976.
Social
o ganiza ion
and
o aging
in
emballonu id
ba s.
Beha .
Ecol.
Sociobiol.
1:337-81.
Ches nu
Sac-winged
Ba
Co mu a
b e i os is
Pla e
B,
map
34
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
50-
65;
T
=
11-16;
HF
=
7-10;
E
=
13-
16;
FA
=
41-50;
WT
=
8-11
g;
emales
sligh ly
la ge
han
males.
Uppe pa s
ich,
ches nu
ed-b own,
o
da k,
black-b own;
u
medium
leng h.
Wings
and
ail
memb ane
black;
hai
o
body
does
no
ex end
on o
base
o
ail
memb ane.
Ea
ip
ounded,
inside
o
ea
wi h
deep,
pa allel
idges;
u o
c own
g adually
dec easing
in
leng h
down
muzzle;
lowe
ace
naked.
Wing
sac
long;
a
sli
in
he
cen e
o
he
p opa agium
is
p esen
in
bo h
sexes.
Tail
sho ,
pie ces
he
ail
memb ane
a
one- ou h
o
one-
hi d
i s
leng h.
Calca
abou
wo
imes
as
long
as
oo ;
ail
memb ane
ex ends
ha
much
beyond
oes
when
s e ched.
Unde -
pa s
sligh ly
pale
o
mo e
ches nu
han
uppe pa s.
Va ia ion. Blackish
and
ches nu
colo s
occu
in
he
same
popula ions.
Simila
species.
Leas
sac-winged
ba s
(Balan iop e yx
spp.)
and
doglike
sac-
winged
ba s
(Pe op e yx
spp.)
ha e
a
u
o
u
on
c own
ha
ends
ab up ly
a
naked
ace
and
b own
wings;
hey
ha e
g ay
ones
o
a e
chocola e-b own,
espec i ely.
Na u al
his o y.
Feeds
ae ially
on
iny
in-
sec s.
These
ba s
li e
in
he
o es
and
o -
age in
he
o es
unde canopy.
They
oos
unde
logs,
especially
logs
o e
s eams,
o
inside
hollow
logs
o
ees.
Found
in
low-
land
ain o es .
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
cen al
Nica agua
sou h
h ough
Panama;
Sou h
Ame ica
eas
o
he
Andes
in
he
Amazon
Basin
om
Pe u
o
Pa a,
and
Columbia,
Venezuela,
and
he
Guian-
as.
To
abou
1,000
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Some imes
common;
widesp ead.
Leas
Sac-winged
Ba s
Balan iop e yx
spp.
Pla e
B,
map
35
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
45-
53;
T
=
12-21;
HF
=
6-11;
E
=
11-
16;
FA
=
35-46;
WT
=
5—8
g;
emales
la ge
han
males.
Uppe pa s
da k
b own,
smoky
b own,
o
g ay.
C own
wi h
u
o
u
ha
ends
ab up ly
on
naked
ace.
Muzzle
b oad
and
iangula ;
ea
b oadly
iangula ,
ound
a
ip.
Wing
and
ail
memb anes
b own;
ail
memb ane
eaching
only
sligh ly
beyond
ip
o
oo ,
calca
only
sligh ly
longe
han
oo ;
edge
o
wing
may
be
whi e
be-
ween
leg
and
inge s.
Sac
in
cen e
o
p opa agium,
opening
acing
owa d
body,
well
de eloped
in
males,
udimen-
a y
in
emales.
Unde pa s
he
same
as
back,
o
sligh ly
pale .
Species.
The e
a e
h ee
species:
B.
plica a
has
a
whi e
ea -wing
ma gin
and
is
smoky
o
g ay;
B.
io
is
da k
b own;
and
B.
in usca
is
da k
ches nu -b own.
Simila
species.
See
doglike
(Pe op e yx
spp.)
and
ches nu
(Co mu a
b e i os is)
sac-winged
ba s.
Na u al
his o y.
Feeds
ae ially
on
iny in-
sec s.
Na u al
his o y
well
known
only
o
B.
plica a.
Leas
sac-winged
ba s
oos
in
small
o
la ge
colonies
in
well-ligh ed
pa s
o
ca es,
ock
c e ices,
cul e s,
o
ee
hollows.
The
oos ing
ba s
space
hem-
sel es
abou
20
cm
apa .
B.
plica a
occu-
pies
d y
o es
and
a id
habi a s,
whe e
i
Map
35
o ages
wi h
slow
ligh
in
long,
unb oken
sallies
a
15-25
m
abo e
he
su ace
o
he
g ound
o
o es
canopy.
I
may
o age
sin-
gly,
o
se e al
may
use
o e lapping
bea s.
B.
io
and
B.
in usca
a e
ound
in
ain o-
es ;
hei
habi s
a e
undesc ibed.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
B.
plica a
om
he
ip
o
Baja,
and
S
Sono a,
Mexico,
o
Cos a
Rica;
B.
io
om
Ve ac uz,
Mexico,
o
Gua ema-
la
and
Belize;
and
B.
in usca
only
om
he
NW
coas
o
Ecuado
wes
o
he
Andes.
To
a
leas
1,500
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
B.
plica a
is
widesp ead
and
some-
imes common;
B.
in usca
may
be
a e.
Re e ences.
A oyo-Cab ales,
J.,
and
J.
K.
Jones, J .
1988.
Balan iop e yx
plica-
a.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
301.
B adbu y,
J.,
and
S.
L.
Veh encamp.
1976.
Social
o ganiza ion
and
o aging
in
emballonu id
ba s.
Beha .
Ecol.
Sociobiol.
1:337-81.
Ghos
Ba s
Diclidu us
spp.
Pla es
B,
5,
map
36
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
55-
79;
T
=
17-26;
HF
=
10-14;
E
=
13-
23;
FA
~
53-71;
WT
=
12-23
g;
e-
males
la ge
han
males.
The e
a e
wo
colo
pa e ns:
(1)
Uppe -
pa s
pu e
whi e,
o
whi e
wi h
g ay hai
base
showing
h ough;
unde pa s
whi e
wi h
g ay
hai
base
showing
h ough;
wings
and
ail
memb ane
anslucen ,
wi hou
pigmen ,
yellowish,
bones
pale
b own;
o
(2)
o equa e s
whi e,
ligh ly
os ed
wi h
pale
b own,
hindqua e s
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
49
Map
36
pale
b own,
hai
whi e
a
base;
unde -
pa s
whi e
inged
wi h
g ay-b own,
hai s
b own
a
base;
wings
and
ail
memb ane
pale
b own,
semi anspa en .
All
ha e
he
ollowing:
ea
sho
and
ounded,
lowe
edge
ex ending
o wa d
in
a
lange
o
be-
low
he
eye,
uppe
edge
ex ending
as
a
memb ane
pa ially
ac oss
he
o ehead;
humb
enclosed
in
he
wing
memb ane,
wi h
only
he
claw
eme ging;
no
wing
sac,
ail
memb ane
wi h
p ominen ,
b own
sacs
a ound
ail
nea
ip,
hese
mos
highly
de eloped
in
males;
u
long
and
silky.
Species.
The e
a e
ou species:
D.
scu a us,
D.
ingens,
and
D.
albus
ha e
colo
pa e n
(1);
hey
di e
in
size.
D.
isabellus
has
colo
pa e n
(2)
and
is
some imes
placed
in
a
sepa a e
ge-
nus
(Depanyc e is).
Simila species.
Hondu an
whi e
ba s
(Ec-
ophylla
alba)
a e
he
only
o he
whi e
ba s
in
he
egion;
hey
a e
much
smalle
(5-6
g)
and
ha e
a
noselea .
Sounds.
Emi s
a
musical
wi e ing
while
in
ligh .
Na u al
his o y.
Ghos
ba s
ly
high
in
open
spaces,
such
as
abo e
i e s,
s eams,
and
lagoons,
and
p obably
abo e
he
o es
canopy.
They
a e
a ac ed
o
concen a-
ions
o
insec s
a ound
high
loodligh s
and
a e
among
he
many
species
swooping
a ound
such
ligh s,
e en
in
owns.
Thei
oos s
a e
no
well
known;
hey
ha e
been
ound
in
abandoned
owe s.
D.
albus
oos s
be ween
he
lea es
o
palms.
D.
isa-
bellus
is
known only
om
lowland
ain-
o es
habi a
(o e
wa e );
D.
scu a us
oc-

50
Species
Accoun s
cu s
only
in
he
ain o es
egion.
The
o he
species
a e
ound
in
ain o es ,
d y
o es ,
plan a ions,
and
owns.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
only
D.
albus
in
Cen al
Ame i-
ca,
om
Naya i ,
Mexico,
sou h
down
he
coas
o
N
Pe u,
and
he
Amazon
Basin
o
B azil,
o
Bahia;
D.
scu a us
and
D.
ingens
in
he
Amazon
basins
o
B azil,
Venezuela,
Columbia,
NE
Pe u,
and
he
Guianas;
D.
isabellus
is
known
only
om he
Amazon
Basin
o
Venezuela
and
a
small
pa
o
ad-
jacen
B azil.
All
geog aphic
anges
poo ly
known,
om
ew,
sca e ed
eco ds.
S a us.
The
high
oos ing
and
lying
be-
ha io
o
hese
ba s
makes
de ec ing
hem
ex emely
di icul ,
and
i
is
no
possible
o
say
i
hey
a e
common
o
a e.
Local
names.
Mu cielago
bianco
(o
albi-
no)
(Span);
jumbie
ba
(T ).
Re e ences.
Ceballos,
G.,
and
R.
A.
Med-
ell n.
1988.
Diclidu us
albus.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
316.
Smoky
Ba
Cy a ops
alec o
Map
37
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
50-
55;
T
=
20-25;
HF
=
8;
E
=
10-13;
FA
=
45.8-47.
Uppe pa s
dull,
da k,
smoky
g ay,
al-
mos
black,
pales
on
uppe
back
and
shoulde s;
wings
and
ail
memb anes
black;
u
long
and
silky.
Ea
sho
and
ounded,
wi h
ma gins
as
in
ghos
ba s;
agus
wi h
a
dis inc
p ojec ion
on
low-
e ,
ou e
ma gin;
nos ils
ubelike
and
sligh ly
di e ging;
ace
hickly
u ed
down
cen e
o
abo e
nose,
almos
naked
on
side
Map
37
om
ea
o
nose.
No
glandula
sacs
on
wings
o
ail.
Unde pa s
like
back.
Simila
species.
Whi e-lined
sac-winged
ba s
(Saccop e yx
spp.)
ha e
whi e
lines
on
back;
doglike
(Pe op e yx
spp.)
and
leas
(Balan iop e yx)
sac-winged
ba s
ha e
longe ,
mo e poin ed
ea s,
b own
wings,
and
a
naked
ace
wi h
a
u
on
c own.
Na u al his o y.
Smoky
sac-winged
ba s
ha e
been
ound
oos ing
in
g oups
o
one
o
ou
unde
onds
o
coconu
palms
nea
buildings,
and
lying
in
an
oil-palm
g o e
and
in
a
ga den.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
known
only
om
Cos a
Rica,
Nica agua,
Guyana,
and
nea
Belem,
B azil.
S a us.
This
is
one
o
he
a es
ba s,
known
om
ewe
han
20
indi iduals
om
i e
lowland
ain o es
locali ies.
Re e ences:
S a e ,
A.
1972.
Cy a ops
alec o.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
13.
Bulldog
Ba s
(Noc ilionidae)
Den al
o mula:
11/1,
Cl/1,
Pl/2,
M3/3
=
28.
This
small
amily
de i es
i s
name
om
he
dis inc i e,
bulldoglike
ace,
wi h
downcu ed,
d ooping
lips
and
jowls
ha
expose
la ge
canine
ee h.
The
cha ac e is ics
o
he
amily
a e
desc ibed
below.
The
amily
in-
cludes
one
genus
and
wo
species
es ic ed
o
he
Neo opics
and
sub opics.
Bulldog
o
Fishing
Ba s
Noc ilio
spp.
Pla es
B,
5,
map
38
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
64-
109;
T
=
14-37;
HF
=
16-39;
E
=
22-
31;
FA
=
60-88;
WT
=
19-88
g;
males
la ge
han
emales.
Uppe pa s
b igh
us -o ange,
us - ed,
ches nu -b own,
dull
awny
b own,
o
sil e y
g ay;
midback
wi h
a
single
pale
s ipe
om
neck
o
shoulde
o
ump;
sides
o
neck
o en
pale ,
mo e
yellowish;
u
ex emely
sho ,
sides
o
lowe
back
na-
ked
(wings
a ach
high
on
sides).
Wings
Map
38
(
.
Bulldog
o
ishing
ba s,
Noc ilio
and
ail
memb ane
b own,
semi
anspa en .
Head
wi h
la ge,
o wa d-poin ing nose-
pad,
no
noselea ;
lips
spli
nea
nose
and
o ming
downwa d-d ooping,
bulldoglike
olds
ha
o m
cheek
pouches
and
expose
la ge
canine
and
poin ed
uppe
inciso
ee h;
ea s
long,
sha p,
na ow,
o wa d-
slan ing.
Tail
memb ane
longe
han
hind-
legs;
ail
sho e
han
memb ane,
enclosed
wi hin
i
excep
o
sho
s ub
eme ging
om
uppe
su ace.
Fee
la ge,
obus ,
oes
long,
claws
la ge,
s ongly cu ed
and
sha p.
Unde pa s
pale
han
back,
ich
b igh
o ange
o
pale
o ange
o
pale,
awny
b own
in
b own
animals.
Species.
The
lesse
bulldog
ba
(N.
albi en-
is)
is
smalle
(FA
=
60-65;
WT
=
20-
40
g),
wi h
ela i ely
smalle
ee ;
i
has
an
ex eme
colo
o m
o
b own
os ed
wi h
sil e o
whi e
on
he
neck
and
shoulde s.
The
g ea e
bulldog
o
ishing
ba
(N.
lepo i-
nus)
is
one
o
he
la ges
New
Wo ld
ba s
(FA
=
77-88;
WT
=
60-90
g).
I
has
eno mous
ee ,
wi h
scimi a -shaped,
ga -
like
claws.
The
wo
species
ha e
simila ,
highly
a iable
colo a ion;
some
popula ions
include
bo h
b own
and
o ange
indi iduals,
wi h
males
o en mo e
o ange
and
emales
b owne ,
while
o he
popula ions
a e
mo e
homogeneous.
Simila
species.
All
o he
ba s
as
la ge
as
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
51
bulldog
ba s
ha e
la ge,
p ominen ,
spea -
shaped
noselea es,
o
long
ails
ex ending
well
beyond
he
edge
o
he
ail
memb ane.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
insec s
(bo h
spe-
cies)
and
ish
(N.
lepo inus).
Bulldog
ba s
usually
o age
o e
wa e ,
whe e
hey
can
be
ecognized
om
a
dis ance
by
hei
la ge
size,
ed
colo ,
agile
ligh ,
poin ed
wings,
and
beha io
o
dipping
hei
ee
and
skimming
he
wa e
as
hey
ly
(many
species
o
ba s
come
ou
a
nigh all
and
d ink
on
he
wing,
dipping
hei
lowe
jaw
in o
he
wa e ).
Bo h
species
also
o age
o e
d y
land.
G ea e
bulldog
ba s
a e
specialized
o
ishing:
wi h
echoloca ion
hey
de ec
ish
dis u bing
he
wa e
su -
ace,
ga
hem
wi h
he
ee ,
and
ans e
hem
o
he
mou h.
Lesse
bulldog
ba s
a e
insec i o ous;
hey
ea
many
wa e
bee les.
They
come
ou
jus
a
nigh all
and
o en
o age
in
small
locks
o
se e al
ba s
ha
ci cle
back
and
o h
close
o
he
wa e
su ace
o
a
ew
minu es
in
one
a ea,
hen
mo e
on
o
ano he .
Bo h
species
oos
in
la ge
g oups
in
hollow
ees;
g ea e
bull-
dog
ba s
also
oos
in
ca es
and
lesse
bull-
dog
ba s
in
houses.
Usually
ound
a ound
wa e
wi h
a
s ill
su ace
in
ain o es ,
d y
o es ,
coas al
ma ine
habi a s,
ma shes,
and
dis u bed
habi a s
such
as
pas u es
and
plan a ions.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
Paci ic
coas al
Mexico
(g ea e
species)
o
Gua emala
(lesse
species)
sou h
o
N
A gen ina
and
U uguay,
and
G ea e
and
Lesse
An illes.
Lowlands
only.
S a us.
Bo h
species
widesp ead
and
o en
common.
Local
names.
Mu cielago
pescado
(Span);
hazemond
lee muis
(Su);
mbopi
py a
(Gua).
Re e ences.
Hood,
C.
S.,
and
J.
Pi occhelli.
1983.
Noc ilio
albi en is.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
197.
Hood,
C.
S.,
and
J.
K.
Jones,
J .
1984.
Noc ilio
lepo inus.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
216.
Lea -chinned,
Mus ached,
and
Naked-backed
Ba s
(Mo moopidae)
Den al
o mula:
12/2,
Cl/1,
P2/3,
M3/3
=
34.
These
a e
small-
o
medium-sized
ba s
wi h
lips
expanded
in o
la ing
pla es
and
mou h
lanked
on
i s
uppe
sides
by
a
mus ache
o
s i ,
lo wa d-poin ing
hai s.
Two
"naked-backed"
species
ha e
wing
memb anes
ha
52
Species
Accoun s
a e
a ached
along
he
midline
o
he
back,
co e ing
he
u
benea h.
The
lowe
im
o
he
ea
is
p olonged
o wa d
as
a
low
memb ane
o
he
co ne
o
he
mou h.
The
ail
is
en-
closed
in
he
ail
memb ane
excep
o
i s
ip,
which
eme ges
ee
abou
hal way
down
he
memb ane.
The
calca
is
abou
wice
as
long
as
he
oo ,
and
he
ail
memb ane
is
longe
han
he
legs.
These
ba s
emi
hei
echoloca ion
calls
h ough
he
mou h,
wi h
he
enla ged lips
ac ing
as
a
megaphone.
They
a e
s ong,
as
lye s,
wi h
long
na ow
wings.
All
species
seem
o
oos
in
da k,
wa m,
humid
ca es,
and
hei
local
dis ibu ions
may
be
limi ed
by
he
a ailabili y
o
app op ia e
oos
si es.
The e
a e
wo gene a
and
8-
10
species
in
he
New
Wo ld
opics
and
sub opics.
Mus ached
and
Naked-backed
Ba s
P e ono us
spp.
Pla es
B,
5,
map
39
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
38—
80;
T
=
16-28;
HF
=
8-17;
E
=
12-
20;
FA
=
35-56;
WT
=
3-28
g.
Uppe pa s
us -o ange,
gold-o ange,
gold-b own,
smoky
b own,
awny
b own,
o
g ay-b own.
Back
ei he
naked,
co -
e ed
by
wing
memb anes
o
behind
shoulde s,
o
wi h
sides
o
lowe
back
"naked"
(wings
a ach
high
o e
u y
sides);
u
on
lowe
back
sho ,
el e y,
and
u
on
neck,
h oa ,
and
shoulde s
longe ,
o en
pale ,
o ming
a
pale
col-
la .
Face
wi h
lips
la ed
ou
o wa d
in
mea y
pla es,
lowe
lip
wi h
small
ound
ube cules;
muzzle
wi h
s i ,
o wa d-
poin ing
mus aches
abo e;
ea
na ow,
poin ed,
la ed
in o
unnel
a
base,
poin -
ing
o wa d;
eye
small,
some imes
almos
los
in
u ,
su ounded
by
ea unnel.
Tail
memb ane
longe
han
legs,
ail
ip
eme g-
ing
eely
om
middle
o
op
su ace
o
memb ane.
Unde pa s
usually
pale
han
back,
sil e ,
yellowish,
beige,
o ange,
o
g ay,
u
on
belly
da k
a
base.
Species.
The e
a e
abou
six
species;
wo
ha e
naked
backs:
P.
da yi
(FA
=
41-49;
WT
=
6-11
g)
and
P.
gymnono us
(FA
=
49-56;
WT
=
12-16
g).
The
wo
u y-backed
mainland
species
can
also
be
sepa a ed
by
size:
P.
pa nellii
(FA
=
49-
65;
WT
=
11-28
g)
and
P.
pe sona us
(FA
=
40-47;
WT
=
6-9
g).
Two
small
species,
P.
macleayii
and
P.
quad idens,
a e
ound
only
in
Cuba
and
Jamaica,
and
one
o
hem
also
in
Hai i
and
Pue o
Rico.
In
all
species
he e
is
much
colo
a ia ion
bo h
wi hin
and
some imes
be ween
popu-
la ions.
Some
a ia ion
may
be
due
o
leng h
o
ime
since
he
las
mol ,
he
u
bleaching
wi h
age.
Simila
species.
Lesse
bulldog
ba s
(Noc-
ilio
albi en is)
ha e
he
uppe
lip
spli
Map
39
om
below
he
nose
and
a
pale
s ipe
on
back.
Na u al
his o y.
All
mus ached
ba s
a e
ae ial
insec i o es.
They
o en
o age
o e
wa e ,
up
and
down
o es
ails,
o
in
clea ings
and
plan a ions.
They
oos
in
wa m,
humid
ca es
in
colonies
o
up
o
housands.
A
oos
hey
hang
ee
by
hei
hind
ee ,
back
ounded,
in
igh
clus e s
o
indi iduals
in
di ec
con ac .
Ra ely
hey
a e
ound
in
o he
ypes
o
oos s
such
as
old
buildings,
cul e s,
o
ee
hollows.
Thei
sca ci y
in
he
cen al
Amazon
Basin
may
be
due
o
he
lack
o
ca es
and
ocks.
The
naked-backed
species
a e
said
o
be
agile
a
unning
and
hopping
quad upedally
on
he
g ound,
on
ee
and
olded
wings.
In
ain o es
and
deciduous
o es ,
clea -
ings
and
plan a ions.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
Mexico
sou h
o
N
Boli ia,
he
base
o
he
Andes
and
N
coas
o
Sou h
Ame ica
h ough
he
Guianas,
gene ally
absen
om
he
cen al
Amazon
Basin.
La ge
Ca ibbean
islands.
To
3,000
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
O en
common,
especially
P.
pa nellii.
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
53
Re e ences.
He d,
R.
M.
1983.
P e ono us
pa nellii.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
209.
Sil a,
G.
1979.
Los
mu cielagos
de
Cuba.
Ha ana:
Edi o ial
Academia.
Lea -chinned
Ba
Mo moops
megalophylla
Pla e
B,
map
40
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
61-
76;
T
=
19-31;
HF
=
10-13;
E
=
13-
17;
FA
=
51-59;
WT
=
12-20
g.
Uppe pa s
ches nu ,
chocola e-b own,
awny
yellow-b own,
pink-beige,
o
mouse
g ay;
u
long;
base
o
neck
be-
ween
shoulde s
wi h
s i ,
s aigh ,
back-slan ing
hai
o en
con as ing
pale
yellow,
pink,
o
pale
b own;
a ea
behind
ea s
his
same
colo ;
u
on
neck
some-
imes
spa se,
emphasizing
shoulde
c es .
Face
wi h
complex
skin
olds:
chin
wi h
wo
la ge
conca e
pla es
connec ed
o
a
se ies
o
olds
below
and
beside
chin;
nos ils
se
wide
apa
in
sho
ubes,
side
o
nose
wi h
olds;
ea s
sho ,
ounded,
connec ed
by
a
la ge
old
ac oss
o ehead
ha
is
deeply
no ched
on
midline,
inside
o
ea
wi h
complex,
deep
olds;
lowe
edge
o
ea
ex ending
o -
wa d
in
a
old
o
co ne
o
mou h;
eye
medium-sized,
su ounded
by
ea
unnel.
Tail
memb ane
longe
han
legs,
ail
en-
closed
wi hin
i ,
wi h
only
ip
eme ging.
Unde pa s
pale
han
back,
bu y
yellow,
pink-b own,
o
eddish,
u
long.
Body
long
and
slende .
Va ia ion.
Colo
a ies
g ea ly
be ween
popula ions.
Ano he
species,
M.
blain illei,
is
ound
only
in
he
G ea e
An illes;
i
is
smalle
(FA
=
43-50;
WT
=
6-11
g).
Simila
species.
W inkle- aced
ba s
(Cen-
u io
senex)
and
ampi es
(Desmodus,
Di-
Map
40
phylla
spp.)
ha e
simple,
ups anding
ea s
wi hou
complex
olds.
Na u al
his o y.
Feeds
on
insec s.
Lea -
chinned
ba s
o en
o age
o e
wa e .
They
oos
in
deep
ca es,
whe e
hey
hang
sin-
gly,
sepa a ed
om
hei
neighbo s,
in
col-
onies
o
up
o
se e al
housand,
bu
usually
o
only
a
ew
indi iduals.
They
seem
o
be
nomadic.
Chie ly
ound
in
a id
habi a s,
a ely
in
ain o es .
Geog aphic
ange.
No h,
Cen al,
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
S
Texas
and
A izona
sou h
h ough
Hondu as;
absen
om
he
Is hmus
o
Panama
and
p esen
in
NE
Colombia,
N
Venezuela,
T inidad,
and
W
coas al
Ecua-
do
and
Pe u.
S a us.
Gene ally
uncommon,
a ely
in
la ge
numbe s.
Re e ences.
Ba bou ,
R.
W.,
and
W.
H.
Da is.
1969.
Ba s
o
Ame ica.
Lexing on:
Uni e si y
P ess
o
Ken ucky.
Smi h,
J.
D.
1972.
Sys ema ics
o
he
chi op e an
amily
Mo moopidae.
Uni .
Kan.
Mus.
Na .
His .
Misc.
Publ.,
no.
56.
Lea -nosed
Ba s
(Phyllos omidae)
Den al
o mula
highly
a iable.
In
mos
gene a,
he
nos ils
a e
su ounded
by
a
leshy
old ha
has
a
dishlike
ho seshoe
below
and/o
beside
he
nos ils
and
a
ees anding,
spea -shaped
lea
abo e
and
behind
he
nos ils.
These
s uc u es
ac
as
a
ho n
o
mega-
phone
o
ocus
he
echoloca ion
sounds,
which
a e
emi ed
h ough
he
nos ils
(al hough
he
ba s
can
emi
hem
h ough
he
mou h
also).
The
poin
o
he
chin
usually
has
a
na-
ked,
V-shaped
g oo e,
o en
bo de ed
by
an
a ay
o
wa s
o
ube cules.
The
wings
a e
b oad
in
ou line,
so
ha
he
ba s
a e
able
o
main ain
ligh
a
slow
speeds,
and
hey
can
maneu e
among
hick
ege a ion.
Lea -nosed
ba s
ep esen
one
o
he
la ges
li ing
a-
dia ions
o
mammals.
They
ha e
e ol ed
a
g ea
di e si y
o
specialized
eeding
habi s
54
Species
Accoun s
and
associa ed
mo phological
adap a ions
and
social
beha io s.
They
gi e
bi h
o
single
young.
The
amily
is
es ic ed
o
he
New
Wo ld
and
includes
abou
50
gene a
and
140
species,
mos ly
in
he
opics,
wi h
a
ew
species
eaching
empe a e
No h
Ame ica.
The
amily
is
ea ed
by
sub amilies
below.
Membe s
o
a
sub amily
gene ally
ha e
simila
ood
habi s.
Spea -nosed
Ba s
(Sub amily
Phyllos ominae)
The
spea -nosed
ba s
ange
om he
la ges
New
Wo ld
ba s
o
some
o
he
smalles .
They all
ha e
la ge,
spea -
o
swo d-shaped
noselea es
wi h
a
ee
ho seshoe
a
leas
pa -
ially
a ound
he
nos ils;
na ow
muzzles;
long
ail
memb anes;
ail
enclosed
wi hin
he
memb ane
excep
o
he
ex eme
ip,
which
may
p o ude
on
he
op
o
he
memb ane;
and
usually
la ge
o
e y
la ge
ea s.
The
colo s
o
many
species
a e
a iable,
wi h
b own,
ches nu ,
and us -o ange
indi iduals
ound
in
he
same
oos s
o
popula ions.
Among
g ea e
spea -nosed
ba s
in
T inidad,
some
indi iduals
a e
o ange
when
young
and
change
o
da k
b own
when
hey
a e
se e al
yea s
old,
while
o he
young
in
he
same
social
g oup
and
p esumably
wi h
he
same
a he
a e
b own.
The
spea -nosed
ba s
include
all
gene a
o
lea -nosed
ba s
ha
a e
ue
ca ni o es
and
kill
e eb a e
p ey;
hey
also
in-
clude
he
mos
s ongly
insec i o ous
gene a,
as
well
as
mixed
eede s
ha
ea
bo h
in-
sec s
and
ui .
The
sub amily
includes
10
gene a
and
abou
33
species
in
he
New
Wo ld
opics
and
sub opics;
9
gene a
and
abou
31
species
a e
ound
in
he
lowland
ain o es
egion; one
genus
is
es ic ed
o
a id
habi a s.
Recen
e idence
sugges s
ha
he
gene a
in
his
sub amily
a e
no
all closely
ela ed
and
should
p obably
be spli
in o
a
leas
wo
g oups.
Li le
Big-ea ed
Ba s
Mic onyc e is
spp.
Pla e
C,
map
41
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
46-
88;
T
=
5-16;
HF
=
8-20;
E
=
13-31;
FA
=
32-58;
WT
=
4-30
g.
Gene ally,
ea s
e y
la ge,
usually
ound-
ed,
agus
sho ;
noselea
medium-sized,
spea -shaped;
ace
and
muzzle
na ow;
naked
chin
ip
wi h
single,
long,
smoo h
pads
on
each
side
angled
o
a
V-
o
Y-
shape;
eyes
small;
u
long
and
sligh ly
wa y;
ace
hai y;
humb
wi h
i s
join
equal
o
o
longe
han
second
join ;
ail
sho ,
enclosed
in
ail
memb ane
excep
o
ip,
which
p o udes
sligh ly
on
op
su -
ace;
ail
memb ane
he
same
leng h
as
o
sho e
han
legs;
calca
abou
one
hal
o
one
imes
he
leng h
o
hind oo ;
size
small,
wi h
one
excep ion.
The e
a e
ou
pelage
pa e ns:
(1)
Uppe pa s
plain
b own
o
ches nu
o
o ange,
long
hai
on
shoul-
de s
wi h
long
whi e
base
ha
shows
p ominen ly
h ough
pa s
in
u ;
ea s
o en
wi h
a
low
memb ane
pa ly
o
en-
i ely
joining
bases
ac oss
o ehead;
ea
hai y,
wi h
long
hai s
on
back
o
bo h
su aces;
unde pa s
like
back
o
con as -
ing
whi e,
sil e y,
beige,
yellowish,
o
o -
Map
41
I
1
Li le
big-ea ed
ba s,
Mic onyc e is
ange;
hai
on
h oa
pale
o
base.
Size
small
(4-16
g).
(2)
Uppe pa s
ches nu
o
pale
b own
o
g ay-b own,
hai s
look
uni-
colo ,
lowe
back
some imes
wi h
ain
g ay
s ipe;
unde pa s
sligh ly
pale
whi -
ish
o
yellowish.
Ea s
no
hai y
on
back
excep
on
base.
(3)
Uppe pa s
da k
b own,
hai s
on
shoulde
p ominen ly
i-
colo ,
da k
b own
a
base
and
ip,
wi h
b oad,
pale
awny
o
sil e y
midsec ion;
unde pa s
pale
awny
yellow
o
g ay-
b own,
hai s
da k
a
base.
Ea s
no
hai y.
(4)
Uppe pa s
uni o m
g ay-b own,
un-
de pa s
pale ;
u
long,
dense
and
wool-
ly;
ea s
sligh ly
hai y;
size
la ge
(FA
>
50;
WT
=
19-30
g).
Species.
The e
a e
abou
10
species,
5-6
o
hem
ha e
colo
pa e n
(1);
M.
nice o i
has
pa e n
(2);
M.
syl es is
has
pa e n
(3);
M.
(Ba iconyc e is)
da esi
(pla e
C),
he
only
la ge
membe
o
he
genus,
has
pa e n
(4).
Simila
species.
Sho - ailed
ui
ba s
(Ca ollia
spp.)
ha e
sho e ,
iangula
ea s
and
chin- ip
V
bo de ed
by
ow
o
ube -
cules;
Mexican
big-ea ed
ba s
om
a id
habi a s
(Mac o is,
no
ea ed
in
his
book),
wi h
colo
pa e n
(1),
ha e
long
ails
ha
ex end
all
he
way
o
he
end
o
he
ail
memb ane
and
beyond
i ;
ound-
ea ed
ba s
(Tona ia
spp.)
and
all
o he
sim-
ila -looking
ba s
ha e
ows
o
ound
ube -
cules
on
chin.
Na u al
his o y.
These
ba s
eed
on
la ge
insec s
and
occasionally
ui ,
bu
he e
is
li le
in o ma ion
abou
mos
species.
Some
species
seem
o
o age
by
gleaning
la ge
insec s
such
as
cock oaches,
d agon lies,
and
ka ydids
om
he
ege a ion,
and
hey
ca y
hei
p ey
back
o
a
eeding
oos
be-
o e
ea ing.
Se e al
species
a e
deep
ain-
o es
inhabi an s;
hey
end
o
ly
along
s eams,
gullies,
and
pa hs
well
shaded
by
he
o es
canopy.
Big-ea ed
ba s
oos
in
small
g oups,
o en
a
hal -dozen
o
ewe ,
in
damp
hollows
nea
he
g ound.
These
may
be
hollow
logs
o
ees,
ca i ies
unde
oo s,
allen
logs,
o
o e hanging
di
banks,
and
cul e s.
The
oos s
a e
o en
well
enough
li
so
ha
he
ba s
can
be
seen
wi hou
a
lashligh .
They
hang eely
sus-
pended
and
spaced
apa
and
always
seem
ale .
They
wis
and
u n
and
ib a e
hei
la ge ea s
and
will
eadily
ake
ligh
i
dis-
u bed.
Found
in
many
habi a s
including
ma u e
and
dis u bed
ain o es ,
galle y
o es ,
d y
o es ,
cloud
o es ,
and
ga dens
and
plan a ions.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
S
Mexico
sou h
o
N
Boli ia
and
SE
B azil.
All
bu
wo
species
a e
ound
in
bo h
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica.
To
2,000
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Th ee
species
a e
appa en ly
a e:
M.
da esi,
M.
pusilla,
and
M.
behni,
he
la e
wo
wi h
es ic ed
dis ibu ion.
Re e ences.
Wilson,
D.
E.
1971.
Food
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
55
Map
42
habi s
o
Mic onyc e is
hi su a
(Chi op e a:
Phyllos omidae).
Mammalia
35:107-10.
Medell n,
R.
A.,
D.
E.
Wilson,
and
D.
Na a o
L.
1985.
Mic onyc e is
b achy-
o is.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
251.
Swo d-nosed
Ba s
Loncho hina
spp.
Pla e
C,
map
42
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
49-
74;
T
=
46-63;
HF
=
9-20;
E
=
19-
38;
FA
=
41-59;
WT
=
8-32
g.
Uppe pa s
da k
b own,
ches nu ,
us - ed,
o
pale
beige;
neck
and
shoulde s
o en
pale ,
wi h
hai
pale
a
base;
u
deep
and
plushy.
Noselea
ex emely
long
(18-22
mm)
and
na ow,
abou
as
long
as
ea s,
wi h
smoo h
edges;
olds
a ound
nos ils
a
base
complex;
ea s
e y
la ge,
poin ed,
hai y
inside
and
ou
on
uppe
edge,
wide
a
base,
wi h
lowe
im
ex ending
as
a
old
o
below
eye;
agus
e y
long
and
na ow,
poin ed,
a
leas
hal
he
leng h
o
ea .
Legs
e y
long,
ail
memb ane
longe
han
legs;
ail
long,
eaches
ea
edge
o
ail
memb ane,
which
o ms
a
poin
a
ail
ip.
Species.
The e
a e
ou
species:
L.
au i a
is
widesp ead
and
geog aphically
a iable;
i
is
la ge,
(FA
=
47-54;
WT
=
12-22
g)
and
da k
b own
o
us .
The
o he
species
ha e
es ic ed
dis ibu ions—L.
o inocensis
is
small
(FA
=
41-44;
WT
=
7-10g)
and
pale
b own;
L.
e nandezi
is
small
(FA
—
42-43),
wi h
sho e
ea s
(E
=
19)
and
s ile o-shaped
p ocesses
a
base
o
no-
selea ;
and
L.
ma inkellei
is
la ge
(FA
=
59),
wi h
la ge
ea s
(E
=
38).
56
Species
Accoun s
Simila
species.
No
o he
ba s
in
he
e-
gion
ha e
as
la ge
a
noselea ;
hai y-nosed
ba s
(Mimon
spp.)
ha e
noselea
abou
one-
ou h
o
one- hi d
sho e
han
ea
and
ail
only
hal
as
long
as
he
ail
memb ane.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
insec s
and
some
ui .
Common
swo d-nosed
ba s
(L.
au i a)
oos
in
dense
clus e s
o
up
o
hund eds
in
ca es
and
old
unnels,
such
as
mine
unnels.
O inoco
swo d-nosed
ba s
(L.
o inocensis)
ha e
been
ound
in
la ge
ock
piles
in
ho
g assland
habi a .
Th ee
o
he
ou
species
we e
only
ecen ly
dis-
co e ed
and
we e
i s
desc ibed
be ween
1971
and
1982;
hese
all
ha e
small
known
geog aphic
anges.
Found
in
ain o es ,
de-
ciduous
o es ,
and
plan a ions,
pas u es,
and
sa anna.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
L.
au i a
om
S
Mexico
o
N
Boli ia
and
SE
B azil;
L.
o inocensis
om
he
Colombian-Venezuelan
O inoco d ain-
age;
L.
e nandezi
and
L.
ma inkellei
om
single
locali ies
in
he
Venezuelan
and
Co-
lombian
Amazon
egions,
espec i ely.
S a us.
Widesp ead
o
a e:
L.
e nandezi
is
cu en ly
known
om
a
single
ca e.
Re e ences.
Ochoa,
J.,
and
C.
Ibanez.
1982.
Nue o
mu cielago
del
gene o
Lon-
cho hina
(Chi op e a:
Phyllos omidae).
Mem.
Soc.
Cien.
Na .
La
Salle
42
(118):
145-59.
Long-legged
Ba
Mac ophyllum
mac ophyllum
Pla e
C,
map
43
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
40-
53;
T
=
38-49;
HF
=
13-16;
E
=
17-
20;
FA
=
34
-40;
WT
=
7-11
g.
Uppe pa s
plain
medium
b own;
wings
and
ail
memb anes
b own;
u
medium
leng h.
Ea s
qui e
la ge,
poin ed,
sligh ly
hai y
on
uppe
im.
lowe
im
no
p o-
longed
downwa d
and
o wa d
as
a
old
on
head;
noselea
a
la ge,
b oad
spea
wi h
p ominen
cen al
ib,
ho seshoe
a
base
o
noselea
b oad,
wi h
expanded
lobe
be-
hind
nos ils;
eyes
small.
Legs
and
ail
memb ane
long,
memb ane
wi h
a
dis-
inc i e
ow
o
abou
se en
e ical
lines
o
do s
each
leading
o
a
bump
on
he
s aigh ,
ea
edge
o
he
ail
memb ane;
ail
long,
enclosed
in
memb ane
and
eaching
i s
edge,
bu
no
o ming
a
longe
poin ;
calca
abou
wo
imes
as
Map
43
long
as
oo .
Foo
wi h
elonga e
oes
and
claws.
Unde pa s
abou
he
same
colo
as
back.
Simila
species.
These
a e
he
only
ba s
wi h
pa allel
ows
o
do s
on
he
edge
o
he
ail
memb ane.
Li le
big-ea ed
ba s
(Mic onyc e is
spp.),
sho - ailed
and
li le
ui
ba s
(Ca ollia,
Rhinophylla
spp.),
and
hai y-nosed
ba s
(Mimon
spp.)
ha e
ails
much
sho e
han
memb ane,
o
no
ail;
swo d-nosed
ba s
(Loncho hina)
ha e
g ea ly
elonga ed
noselea
and
agus.
Na u al his o y.
Long-legged
ba s
eed
on
insec s,
including
wa e
s ide s.
They
may
use
hei
long oes
and
ail
memb anes
o
skim
insec s
om
he
wa e
su ace.
These
ba s
a e
usually
ound
nea
wa e
and
oos
singly
o
in
small
g oups
in
we
unnels,
cul e s,
unde
b idges,
and
in ca es
and
abandoned
buildings.
Chie ly
ound
in
ain o es
and
ain o es
clea ings,
some-
imes
in
deciduous
o es .
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
ex eme
S
Mexico
sou h
o
NE
Boli ia,
Pa aguay,
and
SE
B azil.
S a us.
Usually
uncommon,
bu
e y
widesp ead.
Re e ences.
Ha ison,
D.
L.
1975.
Mac o-
phyllum
mac ophyllum.
Mammalian
Spe-
cies,
no.
62.
Round-ea ed
Ba s
Tona ia
spp.
Pla e
C,
map
44
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
54-
95;
T
=
7-25;
HF
=
10-19;
E
=
19-
38;
FA
=
33-59;
WT
=
8-40
g.
Uppe pa s
usually
g ay-b own
ain ly
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
57
Map
44
os ed
wi h
sil e ,
o
wa m
b own,
a e-
ly
us y
o
da k,
ashy
g ay
os ed
whi e;
u
on
neck
pale
a
base;
u
long
and
so ,
no
e y
dense.
Ea s
e y
la ge,
ounded,
usually
hai y
on
base
o
back
and
uppe
edge;
noselea
la ge,
b oad,
spea -shaped;
naked
ip
o
chin
wi h
U
o
iny
ound
ube cules.
Thumb
o en
hai y,
wi h
sec-
ond,
claw-bea ing
phalange
longe
han
i s
phalange.
Tail
memb ane
longe
han
legs;
ail
less han
hal
he
leng h
o
memb ane,
wi hin
i
excep
o
ex eme
ip,
which
p o udes
abo e.
Fee
and
claws
obus ,
no
elonga ed.
Unde pa s
o en
washed
wi h
sil e ,
o en
wi h
pale
colla
on
neck.
Small
o
la ge
size.
Species.
The e
a e
5-10
species;
up
o
5
can
occu
oge he
in
Sou h
Ame ica.
The
mo e
dis inc i e
species
include:
T.
bidens.
la ge
(FA
=
55-59).
wi h
hai y
ace,
ee ,
humb,
o ea m,
and
ea s;
T.
sil icola,
la ge
(FA
=
50-59),
ace
naked,
usually
wi h
a
whi e
h oa ,
lays
i s
ea s
en i ely
back
agains
he
c own
when
hey
a e
ouched;
T.
ca ike i.
la ge
wi h
pu e
whi e
unde pa s;
T.
schulzi,
medium,
wi h
dis-
inc i e
wa y
skin
on
o ea ms;
and
T.
b asiliensis,
small
(FA
=
33-40),
wa m
b own.
The
la e
is
di ided
by
some
in o
as
many
as
5
species.
Simila
species.
The
small
species
a e
e y
simila
o
li le
big-ea ed
ba s
(Mi-
c onyc e is
spp.),
which
ha e
single
chin
pads
in
a
V,
no
ound
ube cules,
and
i s
join
o
he
humb
equal
o
o
longe
han
he
second.
Hai y-nosed
ba s
(Mimon
spp.)
and
spea -nosed
ba s
(Phyllos omus
spp.)
ha e
poin ed
ea
ips.
Na u al
his o y.
Round-ea ed
ba s
eed
on
insec s
and
pe haps occasional
ui .
They
seem
o
ly
e e ywhe e
wi hin
he
o es .
Se e al
species,
including
T.
sil icola
wi h
i s
peculia
olding
ea s
and
he
small
T.
b asiliensis,
oos
in
small
g oups
o
up
o
10
in
holes
in
a bo eal
e mi e
nes s.
T.
bidens
oos s
in
ee
hollows.
Su p isingly
li le
is
known
o
hese
common
ba s.
Found
in
ma u e
and
seconda y
ain o es ,
o
mo e
a ely
deciduous
o es
and
plan a ions.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
ex eme
S
Mexico
sou h
o
N
A -
gen ina
and
Pa aguay.
S a us.
Common
o
ex emely
a e
(T.
schulzi).
Re e ences.
Genoways,
H.
H.,
and
S.
L.
Williams.
1980.
Resul s
o
he
Alcoa
Founda ion-Su iname
expedi ions.
I.
A
new
species
o
ba
o
he
genus
Tona ia
(Mammalia:
Phyllos oma idae).
Ann.
Ca -
negie
Mus.
49:203-11.
Hai y-nosed
Ba s
Mimon
spp.
Pla es
C,
5,
map
45
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
52-
75;
T
=
14-29;
HF
=
9-18;
E
=
24-
38;
FA
=
46-58;
WT
=
10-15
g.
Ea s
la ge
and
poin ed,
hickly
hai ed
wi h
pale
hai
on
back
o
base
and
wi h
some
long
hai s
on
bo h
sides
o
uppe
edge;
agus
na ow
and
poin ed;
nose-
lea
e y
long,
na ow,
spea -shaped,
wi h
simple
basal
ho seshoe;
ail
eaches
abou
hal way
down
ail
memb ane,
ip
jus
pe o a es
op
side;
ail
memb ane
longe
han
legs,
calca
longe
han
oo ;
oo
wi h
long
oes
and
claws;
medium
size.
The e
a e
wo
colo
pa e ns:
(1)
up-
pe pa s
da k,
blackish
b own
wi h
a
pale
s ipe
down
midback
om
c own
o
ump,
wings
and
ail
memb ane
black-
ish;
sides
o
noselea
se a ed,
noselea
hinly
hai ed
o
ip;
unde pa s
os ed
sil e y
bu ,
washed
o ange
a ound
h oa ;
and
(2)
pale,
wa m
b own,
hai s
pale
a
base,
u
long
and
dense,
wing
and
ail
memb ane
b own;
noselea
no
hai y,
smoo h
on
sides,
unde pa s
abou
he
same
as
back,
sligh ly
pale
on
neck
(FA
=
53-58;
E
=
35-38).
Species.
The e
a e
h ee
o
ou species:
M.
c enula um
has
colo
pa e n
(1);
i
is
70
Species
Accoun s
Map
60
Yellow-shoulde ed
o
Hai y-legged
F ui
Ba s
S u ni a
spp.
Pla e
E,
map
60
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
54-
101;
T
=
0;
HF
=
7-21;
E
=
15-22;
FA
=
39-62;
WT
=
13-67
g.
Uppe pa s
g ay,
pale
b own,
o
yellow-
b own;
u
conspicuously
icolo ed,
os ed
wi h
da k
hai
ips
o e lying
sil-
e
o
pale
beige,
hai
base
da k;
shoul-
de s
and
some imes
neck
o
adul s
s ained
yellow
o
o ange
wi h
sec e ion
om
glands,
hai
some imes
s uck
oge he
wi h
hick,
da k
sec e ion;
yellow
shoulde s
usually
mos
p ominen
on
la ge
males.
Muzzle
sho ,
b oad;
noselea
a
sho ,
b oad
spea ,
no
eaching
beyond
eye
when
la ened
agains
muzzle;
ea
sho ,
iangu-
la ;
eye
qui e
la ge.
Tail
absen ;
ail
mem-
b ane
i ually
absen ,
educed
o
a
na -
ow
band;
ee
and
inne
side
o
legs
e y
hai y;
humb
long
and
obus .
Unde pa s
g ay,
o
g ay-b own,
like
pale
pa
o
do -
sal
u .
Medium
o
la ge
obus ,
oly-poly
woolly
looking
ba s
wi h
la ge
heads,
hick
necks,
bu ly
bodies,
and
sho ,
s ong,
hai y
legs.
Species.
The e
a e
abou
12
species;
6
oc-
cupy
lowland
and
mon ane
ain o es ;
he
o he s
a e
mos ly
mon ane
in
he
N
Andes.
Species
a e
mainly
dis inguished
by
ea-
u es
o
he
ee h
and
a e
di icul
o
iden i-
y
in
he
hand.
Simila
species.
Vampi es
(Desmodus
spp.,
Diphylla)
do
no
ha e
spea -shaped
noselea es;
o he
hai y-legged
ba s
wi h
no
ail
memb anes
ha e
acial
s ipes
o
long,
na ow
muzzles.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
ui
and
nec a ;
especially
ond
o
he
nec a
o
banana
lowe s.
These
ba s
a e
o en
common,
bu
li le
is
known
abou
hem.
They
seem
mos
nume ous
in
open
spaces
in
he
o es
such
as
ga dens,
clea ings,
s eams,
and
edges.
Thei
no mal
oos s
a e
unknown
and
a e
p obably
somewhe e
high
in
he
o es
canopy
(o
hey
would
ha e
been
disco e ed).
Ra ely
hey
ha e
been
ound
in
ca es,
hollow
ees,
unnels,
o
cul e s.
The ad an age
o
lack
o
a
ail
memb ane
is
seen
in
a
ba
in
he
hand,
which
can
wis
and
u n
i s
legs
and
body
like
a
con-
o ionis .
I
seems
likely
ha
yellow-
shoulde ed
ba s
a e
adap ed
o
clambe ing
a ound
quad upedally
among
lowe s
and
ui s.
Found
in
lowland
and
mon ane
ain-
o es ,
deciduous
o es ,
cloud
o es ,
ga -
dens,
and
plan a ions.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
cen al
Mexico
sou h
o
U uguay.
To
a
leas
3,500
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Common
o
e y
a e
(S.
nana)-,
widesp ead
(S.
lilium)
o
es ic ed
(S.
a a a homasi,
nana).
Re e ences.
Tamsi ,
J.
R.,
and
C.
Haiise .
1985.
S u ni a
magna.
Mammalian
Spe-
cies,
no.
240.
So iano,
P.
J.,
and
J.
Molina i.
1987.
S u ni a
a a a homasi.
Mammalian
Spe-
cies,
no.
284.
Molina i,
J.,
and
P.
J.
So iano.
1987.
S u ni a
bidens.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
276.
Ten -making
Ba s
U ode ma
spp.
Pla es
E,
6,
map
61
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
55-
68;
T
=
0;
HF
=
10-15;
E
=
14-20;
FA
=
39-47;
WT
=
14-21
g.
Uppe pa s
da k
o
pale
g ay
o
g ay-
b own
o
beige;
u
bicolo ,
pale
a
base;
midback
wi h
p ominen
whi e
s ipe.
Face
wi h
ain
o
p ominen
whi e
s ipes
abo e
and
below
eye;
muzzle
sho
and
b oad;
noselea
a
la ge
leshy
spea ,
eaching
o
eye
when
p essed
back,
ho se-
shoe
well
de eloped,
wi h
a
la ge
ee
lange
all
he
way
a ound
base,
pale
col-
o ed
on
sides
whe e acial
s ipe
ends; ea s
iangula ,
c eam-colo ed
along
side
o
im
Map
61
by
acial
s ipes,
agus
pale;
lips
and
ongue
blackish.
Tail
memb ane
naked,
a
deeply
no ched
V.
Unde pa s
g ay
o
g ay-b own
sligh ly
pale
o
mo e
g ay
han
back.
Species.
The e
a e
wo
species,
bo h
in
ain o es :
U.
biloba um
is
da k
g ay-
b own,
wi h
s ong
acial
s ipes;
U.
magni os um
is
beige,
wi h
ain
acial
s ipes,
head,
neck
and
shoulde s
pale
han
back,
and
edges
o
wings
anslucen .
The
black
ongue
ades
in
p ese ed
specimens.
Simila
species.
Whi e-lined
(Vampy ops
spp.)
and
g ea
s ipe- aced
(Vampy odes
spp.)
ba s
ha e
pink
ongues
and
usually
a
hai y
inge
on
he
ail
memb ane;
yellow-
ea ed
ba s
(Vampy essa
spp.)
a e
smalle
(FA
=
30-37);
big-eyed
ba s
(Chi ode -
ma
spp.)
ha e
u
wi h
a
da k
band
a
base.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
ui ,
nec a ,
and
insec s.
These
ba s
oos
unde
" en s"
which
hey
make
by
cu ing
a
line
down
each
side
o
he
mid ib
o
a
la ge
lea ,
such
as
banana,
so
ha
he
sides
d oop
downwa d.
A
small
(2-52)
g oup
o
ba s
hang
in
a
igh
clus e
om
he
mid ib
o
he
lea .
Found
in
ma u e
and
dis u bed
ain o es ,
ga dens
and
plan a ions,
and
de-
ciduous
o es .
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
S
Mexico
sou h
o
N
Boli ia
and
SE
B azil.
To
abou
1.000
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Common
(U.
biloba um)
o
un-
common
(U.
magni os um)
and
widesp ead.
Re e ences.
Bake ,
R.
J.,
and
C.
L.
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
71
Map
62
Cla k.
1987.
U ode ma
biloba um.
Mam-
malian
Species,
no.
279.
Whi e-lined
F ui
Ba s
Vampy ops
spp.
Pla e
E,
map
62
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
53-
103;
T
=
0;
HF
=
10-19;
E
=
15-25;
FA
=
35-63;
WT
=
13-63
g.
Uppe pa s
blackish
b own
o
wa m
b own;
midback
wi h
b igh
whi e
s ipe;
shoulde s
bu
no
op
o
neck
o en
pale
han
back;
elbows
o en
densely
u ed;
u
wi hou
da k
band
a
base.
Muzzle
sho ;
acial
s ipes
abo e
eyes
b igh
o
indis-
inc ,
o en
ading
ou
o wa d
o
ea
edge
o
ea ;
s ipes
below
eye
less
dis-
inc ,
o en
na ow
o
ain e ;
noselea
a
la ge
leshy
spea ,
ho seshoe
a
base
b oad
and
wi h
ee
lange
on
sides
and
usually
on ,
sides
o
ho seshoe
usually
da k,
some imes
c eam,
no
b igh
yellow;
ea
some imes
wi h
pale
im,
usually
no ;
ongue
pink.
Tail
memb ane
a
deeply
no ched
V,
e y
sho
a
cen e ,
always
inged
wi h
hai ;
calca
less
han
hal
he
leng h
o
oo .
Unde pa s
he
same
as
back,
o
sligh ly
os ed
pale
g ay
o
b own.
Young
like
adul s.
Small
o
la ge,
obus
ba s.
Species.
The e
a e
abou
10
species;
mos
a e
ound
in
lowland
ain o es .
One
o
he
mos
common
and
widesp ead
h oughou
he
egion
is
he
smalles ,
V.
helle i
(FA
=
35-40;
WT
=
13-16
g);
i
is
pale
b own.
Up
o
six
species
can
occu
in
he
same
a ea;
some
a e
mos ly
mon ane.
Simila
species.'
G ea
s ipe- aced
ba s

72
Species
Accoun s
(Vampy odes
spp.;
FA
=
45-56)
a e
wa m
b own,
ha e
yellowish
sides
o
ho seshoe
and
lowe
ea s,
all
acial
s ipes
b oad
and
b igh ,
uppe
s ipes
sha p
o
behind ea ,
back
s ipe
sha p
o
base
o
ail
memb ane,
and
elbows
hinly
hai ed,
bu
a e
di icul
o
dis inguish
in
he
ield
om
some
spe-
cies.
Mos
yellow-ea ed
ba s
(Vampy essa
spp.)
a e
smalle ,
wi h
no
inge
o
hai s
on
ail
memb ane.
Big-eyed
ba s
(Chi od-
e ma
spp.)
ha e
a
da k
band
a
base
o
u
and
usually
indis inc
whi e
s ipes.
Ten -
making
ba s
(U ode ma
spp.)
ha e
da k
ongues.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
ui ,
nec a ,
and
insec s;
die s
o
some
species
a e
unknown.
These
ba s
oos
in
small
g oups
o
6-20,
p obably
ha ems,
in
ca es
and
in
en s
hey
make
om
palm
lea es.
Found
in
ma u e
and
dis u bed
lowland
ain o es ,
ga dens,
clea ings
and
plan a ions,
cloud
o es ,
de-
ciduous
o es ,
and
caa inga.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
S
Mexico
sou h
o
Boli ia,
Pa a-
guay,
U uguay,
and
SE
B azil.
S a us.
CITES
Appendix
III
o
V.
linea us
(U ).
Common
o
uncommon,
widesp ead.
To
abou
2,500
m
ele a ion.
Re e ences.
Willig,
M.
R.,
and
R.
H.
Hollande .
1987.
Vampy ops
linea us.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
275.
Ga dne ,
A.
L.,
and
D.
C.
Ca e .
1972.
A
e iew
o
he
Pe u ian
species
o
Vam-
py ops
(Chi op e a,
Phyllos oma idae).
J.
Mammal.
53:72-84.
G ea
S ipe- aced
Ba s
Vampy odes
spp.
Pla e
E,
map
63
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
73-
80;
T
=
0;
HF
=
12-17;
E
=
20-25;
FA
=
45-57;
WT
=
28-38
g.
Uppe pa s
wa m
cinnamon-b own,
neck
and
shoulde s
pale
han
back,
midback
wi h
sha p,
b igh
whi e
line
om
be-
ween
ea s
o
end
o
ump;
elbows
hinly
u ed;
u
pale
a
base.
Muzzle
e y
b oad,
U-shaped;
noselea
a
la ge
leshy
spea ;
whi e
s ipes
abo e
and
below
eye
b oad
and
dis inc ,
expanding
pos e io ly
o
almos
coalesce
behind
ea ,
s ipes
each
ea
edge
o
ea ;
ea
im,
agus,
and
side
o
noselea
pale
o
b igh
yellow; lips
and
ongue
pink.
Tail
memb ane
a
deeply
no ched
V,
e y
na ow
a
cen e
o
Map
63
I
G ea
s ipe- aced
ba s,
Vampy odes
body,
inged
wi h
hai ;
calca
less
han
hal
he
leng h
o
oo .
Unde pa s
g ay-
b own.
Young
like
adul s.
La ge,
b igh ly
s iped,
b own
ba s.
Species.
Two
species
a e
usually
ecog-
nized:
V.
ca accioli
om
Sou h
Ame ica
and
V.
majo
om
Cen al
Ame ica;
hey
a e
e y
simila
and
pe haps
conspeci ic.
Simila
species.
Whi e-lined
ba s
(Vampy-
ops
spp.),
i
b own,
a e
usually
smalle ,
wi h
s ipes
less
dis inc ,
ims
o
ea
and
ho seshoe
whi ish
o
g ay,
elbows
o en
hickly
u ed;
yellow-ea ed
ba s
(Vampy-
essa
spp.)
a e
all
much
smalle ;
big-eyed
ba s
(Chi ode ma
spp.)
ha e
da k
band
a
base
o
u
and
usually
indis inc
s ipes;
en -making
ba s
(U ode ma
spp.)
ha e
no
hai y
inge
on
ail
memb ane
and
black
ongues;
o he
Neo opical
ui
ba s
do
no
ha e
back
s ipe.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
ui ,
especially
igs.
G ea
s ipe- aced
ba s
oos
in
small
g oups
o
wo
o ou
in
oliage
and
unde
palm
lea es;
he
lea es
a e
no
modi ied
o
o m
a
en ,
bu
ew
oos s
ha e
been
e-
po ed.
Found
in
lowland
ain o es
and
in
ga dens
and
plan a ions.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
S
Mexico
sou h
o
N
Boli ia
and
he
S
Amazon
Basin
o
B azil.
To
abou
1,000
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Some imes
common,
widesp ead.
Big-eyed
Ba s
Chi ode ma
spp.
Pla e
E,
map
64
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
53-
82;
T
=
0;
HF
=
10-15;
E
=
16-21;
Map
64
FA
=
38-52;
WT
=
13-26
g.
Uppe pa s
b own
o
g ay
b own;
u
wi h
dis inc
da k
band
a
base
especially
on
lowe
back;
midback
wi h
sha p,
ain ,
o
no
whi e
line.
Muzzle
sho
and
e y
b oad,
noselea
wi h
wide,
la ed-
ou
sides
in
lea
shape,
ho seshoe
wi h
ee
lange
a ound
all
o
base;
middle
up-
pe
inciso
ee h
long,
na ow,
wi h
sim-
ple
poin s;
eyes
la ge;
ea s
wi h
ims
o
base
and
sides
o
noselea
yellow
o
b own;
acial
s ipes
s ong
o
indis inc ,
mos
ending
o wa d
o
ea ,
a ely
o
mid-
dle
o
ea ;
ongue
pink.
Tail
memb ane
sligh ly
hai y
abo e,
wi hou
hai y
inge,
qui e
long
a
cen e ,
calca
abou
h ee-
ou hs
o
leng h
o
oo .
Unde pa s
g ay-
b own.
Young
like
adul s.
Species.
Th ee
o
he
i e
species
a e
ound
in
he
ain o es
egion;
wo
o
h ee
can
occu
oge he :
C.
ini a um
is
he
smalles
(FA
=
38-43;
WT
=
13-15
g)
and
has
a
middo sal
s ipe;
C.
sal ini
is
la ge
(FA
=
46-52)
and
has
la ge,
b igh
acial
s ipes;
C.
illosum
is
la ge
(FA
=
44-
50)
and
has
indis inc
acial
s ipes;
C.
do iae
occupies deciduous
o es
in
SE
B azil.
Simila
species.
Yellow-shoulde ed
ba s
ha e
no
ail
memb ane
and
no
s ipes;
no
o he
s iped
ba s
o
his
size
ha e
a
da k
band
a
base
o
hai
(see
yellow-ea ed
ba s).
Na u al his o y.
Feed
on
ui ,
especially
igs.
C.
illosum
oos s
in
ee
hollows;
oos s
o
he
o he
species
a e
appa en ly
un eco ded.
Found
in
ma u e
and
dis u bed
ain o es ,
ga dens,
and
plan a ions.
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
73
Map 65
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
S
Mexico
sou h
o
Boli ia
and
he
S
Amazon
Basin
o
B azil.
C.
ini a-
um
and
C.
illosum
om
Cen al
Ame ica
o
Sou h
Ame ica
eas
o
he
Andes;
C.
sal ini
o
wes
o
he
Andes.
To
2,200
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
All
species
common
o
uncommon
and
widesp ead
excep
C.
do iae
and
C.
imp o isum
(Guadeloupe),
which
a e
geog aphically
es ic ed
and
a e.
Yellow-ea ed
Ba s
Vampy essa
spp.
Map
65
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
45-
62;
T
=
0;
HF
=
7-12;
E
=
11-18;
FA
=
29-39;
WT
=
7-16
g.
Uppe pa s
g ay-b own
o
awny
o
cin-
namon-b own,
some imes
sligh ly
os ed;
neck
and
shoulde s
pale ;
u
wi h
ain
(like
a
shadow)
o
dis inc
da k
band
a
base;
midback
wi h
o
wi hou
whi e
s ipe;
wings
and
ail
memb ane
b own,
usually
pale
on
o wa d
edge.
Muzzle
sho
and
b oad;
noselea
a
la ge
leshy
spea ,
ho seshoe
wi h
comple e
ee
lange
a ound
base;
ims
and
base
o
ea s,
agus,
and
sides
o
noselea
b igh
yellow;
whi e
a-
cial
s ipes
dis inc ,
s ipes
abo e
eyes
b oad,
some imes
coalescing
abo e
nose,
o en
ex ending
o
ea
o
ea ,
s ipes
be-
low
eyes
ain e ;
ongue
pink;
cen al
uppe
inciso s
bilobed,
much
longe
han
ou e
inciso s.
Tail
memb ane
deeply
no ched,
ligh ly
hai ed
abo e
nea
body,
wi hou
hai y
inge
in
ba s
wi h
middo sal
s ipe,
wi h
sligh
hai y
inge
in
cen e
74
Species
Accoun s
in
ba s
wi hou
s ipe;
calca
less
han
hal
he
leng h
o
oo .
Unde pa s
g ay-b own
li le
pale
han
back.
Young
g ay
o
g ay-
b own.
Small,
chunky
ba s.
Species.
Fou
o
he
i e
species
occupy
lowland
ain o es ;
he
o he
is
mon ane.
Up
o
h ee
species
migh
occu
oge he .
V.
pusilla
is
he
only
lowland
species
wi h
no
back
s ipe;
i
is
he
smalles
(FA
=
29-33;
WT
=
7-8
g)
and
is
awny
b own.
The
o he
lowland
species
a e
g ay-b own,
wi h
a
back
s ipe
and
no
hai y
inge
on
ail
memb ane
(V.
b ocki,
V.
nymphaea,
V.
bidens).
Simila
species.
Whi e-lined
ba s
(Vampy-
ops
spp.)
ha e
a
b igh
middo sal
s ipe,
hai y
inge
on
ail
memb ane,
and
u
wi h
no
da k
band
a
base;
en -making
ba s
(U ode ma
spp.)
ha e
blackish
ongue
and
u
wi h
no
da k
band
a
base;
big-eyed
ba s
(Chi ode ma
spp.)
o
his
size
ha e
acial
s ipes
ending
a
base
o
ea ;
Mac-
connell's
ba
(Mesophylla
macconnelli)
has
no
acial
s ipes;
dwa
ui -ea ing
ba s
(A ibeus
spp.)
ha e
no
middo sal
s ipe
and
sho
acial
s ipes
ha
end
a
base
o
middle
o
ea .
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
ui ,
especially
igs;
he
die
o
mos
species
is
un eco ded.
V.
pusilla
has
been
ound
oos ing
singly
in
a
en
made
om
a
Philodend on
lea .
This
is
appa en ly
he
only eco d
o
a
oos
si e
o
he
genus.
Found
in
ma u e
and
dis-
u bed
ain o es ,
ga dens,
and
plan a ions.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
S
Mexico
sou h
o
S
Pe u,
he
S
Amazon
Basin
o
B azil,
and
Pa aguay
and
SE
B azil.
S a us.
Mos
species
widesp ead,
uncommon.
Re e ences.
Pe e son,
R.
L.
1968.
A
new
ba
o
he
genus
Vampy essa
om
Guyana,
Sou h
Ame ica,
wi h
a
b ie
sys ema ic
e-
iew
o
he
genus.
Roy.
On .
Mus.
Li e
Sci.
Con ib.,
no.
73.
Lewis,
S.
E.,
and
D.
E.
Wilson.
1987.
Vampy essa
pusilla.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
292.
Macconnell's
Ba
Mesophylla
macconnelli
Map
66
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
44-
50;
T
=
0;
HF
=
9-11;
E
=
12-15;
FA
=
29-33;
WT
=
7-9
g.
Map
66
Head
and
shoulde s
pale
whi ish
beige,
back
pale
beige;
no
whi e
s ipes
on
head
o
body.
Wings
g ay-b own,
w is ,
dis al
o ea m,
and
humb
yellow;
skin
on
o e-
a m
wi h
iny
pale
speckles.
Noselea
yellow,
a
na ow
spea ,
ho seshoe
wi h
comple e
ee
lange
a
base;
ea s
all
yel-
low
o
pale
beige
owa d
ip;
eyes
la ge,
some imes
wi h
da k
smudge
in
on
o
co ne .
Tail
memb ane
sho ,
semi ans-
pa en ,
naked,
calca
less
han
hal
he
leng h
o
oo .
Unde pa s
pale
whi ish
beige,
pales
on
h oa .
Tiny,
delica e
ba s.
Va ia ion.
This
species
is
close
o
and
may
belong
in
he
genus
Vampy essa;
i
is
some imes
placed
in
he
genus
Ec ophylla,
o
which
i
does
no
seem
closely
ela ed.
Simila
species.
Li le
yellow-ea ed
ba s
{Vampy essa
pusilla)
a e
simila
bu
ha e
acial
s ipes,
g ay
w is s
and
humbs,
and
a
sligh
inge
o
hai
in
cen e
edge
o
ail
memb ane;
dwa
ui -ea ing
ba s
{A ibeus
[De manu a])
usually
ha e
acial
s ipes
and
g ay
humb
and
a e
usually
uni o m
g ay
o
b own.
Na u al
his o y.
Macconnell's
ba s
ha e
been
ound
oos ing
in
a
hollow
ee,
and
a
g oup
o
h ee
was
oos ing
unde
a
en
made
om
a
single,
b oad
palm
lea
abou
150
cm
high.
The
lea
had
been
cu
in
a
b oad
V
om
i s
opposi e
edges
o
he
mid ib.
Found
in
ma u e
and
dis u bed
lowland
ain o es .
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica: Cos a
Rica
sou h
o
N
Boli ia
and
he
S
Amazon
Basin
o
B azil.
To
abou
1,000
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Uncommon
and
widesp ead.
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
75
Map
67
Map
68
j
1
Hondu an
whi e
ba .
Ec ophylla
alba
|;ill
F ui -ea ing
ba s.
A ibeus
Re e ences.
Ga dne ,
A.
L.
1977.
Ch o-
mosomal
a ia ion
in
Vampy essa
and
a
e-
iew
o
ch omosomal
e olu ion
o
he
Phyllos omidae
(Chi op e a).
Sys .
Zool.
26:300-318.
Hondu an
Whi e
Ba
Ec ophylla
alba
Pla e
6,
map
67
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
37-
47;
T
=
0;
HF
=
9-10;
E
=
14-15;
FA
=
26-30;
WT
=
4-6
g.
Head
and
shoulde s whi e,
g ading
o
g ay-whi e
on
midback
and
pale
b own-
ish
whi e
on
lowe
back;
wings
blackish
b own
excep
o ea ms
and
humbs
yellow,
p opa agium
anslucen .
Face
wi h
da k
smudge
om
co ne
o
eye
o
nose;
nose-
lea
b igh
yellow,
a
na ow,
la ge
spea ,
ho seshoe
wi h
ee
lange
en i ely
a ound
base;
ea s
b igh
yellow;
eyes
la ge,
black-
ish.
Tail
memb ane
naked,
semi anspa en ,
sho ;
calca
less
han
hal
as
long
as
oo .
Th oa
whi e;
belly
pale
g ay
o
g ay-
b own.
Tiny,
delica e
ba s.
Simila
species.
Ghos
ba s
{Diclidu us
spp.)
ha e
whi e
ea s
and
no
noselea
and
a e
la ge ;
he e
a e
no
o he
whi e
ba s
in
he
egion.
Na u al
his o y.
Roos s
in
g oups
o
one
o
six
unde
en s
made
om
la ge,
ho i-
zon al,
bananalike
lea es
o
pla anillos
{Heliconia
spp).
The
ba s
bi e
he
lea
along
each
side
o
he
mid ib
un il
he
sides
old
down
o
o m
a
shel e .
Found
in
ma u e,
dis u bed,
and
seconda y
ain o es
and
plan a ions
o
ees.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
Ame ica:
Hon-
du as
and
Nica agua
sou h
o
Panama,
mos ly
in
he
Ca ibbean
lowlands
only.
S a us.
Unknown;
a e
and
po en ially
h ea ened
by
de o es a ion.
Re e ences.
Timm,
R.
M.
1982.
Ec ophyl-
la
alba.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
166.
Timm,
R.
M.,
and
J.
Mo ime .
1976.
Selec ion
o
oos
si es
by
Hondu an
whi e
ba s,
Ec ophylla
alba
(Chi op e a:
Phyllos-
oma idae).
Ecology
57:385-89.
La ge
F ui -ea ing
Ba s
A ibeus
spp.
Pla es
E,
6,
map
68
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
70-
130;
T
=
0;
HF
=
12-21;
E
=
18-28;
FA
=
48-75;
WT
=
25-86
g.
Uppe pa s
almos
black
o
g ay
o
b own;
u
pale
a
base
o
unicolo ;
wings
and
ail
memb ane
black
in
g ay
o
black
animals,
b own
in
b own;
no
whi e
s ipe
on
midback.
Head
la ge
and
pow-
e ul;
ou
pale
acial
s ipes
usually
p esen ,
some imes
absen ,
s ipes
below
eye
o en
indis inc
o
absen ,
uppe
s ipes
end
a
le el
o
ea ;
muzzle
sho ,
b oad;
uppe
oo h
ows
ho seshoe-
shaped;
ongue
black;
noselea
a
b oad
leshy
spea ,
eaches
o
ea
co ne
o
eye
o
beyond
when
p essed
back;
ho seshoe
ei he
wi h
ee
lange
all
a ound
base
o
only
a
sides,
usually
blackish,
wi h
pale
edges
in
b own
species;
eyes
la ge,
da k
b own;
ea s
medium-sized,
iangula ,
agus
and
lowe
ims
pale
o
whole
ea
da k
g ay;
chin
wi h
V-shaped
ow
o
small
ube cules
wi h
pad
in
cen e ;
cen al
inciso s
sho ,
bilobed.
Tail
memb ane
usu-
76
Species
Accoun s
ally
sho
o
e y
sho
a
cen e ,
U-
o
V-
shaped.
Thickse ,
la ge,
muscula
ba s
ha
bi e
ie cely
when
handled.
Species.
The e
a e
abou
nine
species,
all
bu
one
in
lowland
ain o es
( he
dozen
small
species
a e
desc ibed
in
he
ollowing
accoun ).
Up
o
ou
species
can
occu
o-
ge he .
The
mos
common
include:
A.
jamaicensis,
la ge
(50-60
g)
da k
b own
o
da k
g ay,
u
sligh ly
os ed,
wi h
dis inc
pale
band
a
base,
acial
s ipes
dis inc
bu
ain ;
A.
li u a us,
e y
la ge
(50-86
g)
b own,
wings
b own,
a-
cial
s ipes
b oad
and
b igh
( hese
wo
species
a e
among
he
mos
common
ba s
h oughou
he
Neo opical
ain o es );
A.
obscu us.
la ge
(40
g),
ich
blackish
o
da k
chocola e,
u
long,
only
sligh ly
pale
a
base,
o
unicolo ,
acial
s ipes
ain ;
A.
hi su us,
medium
(24—30
g)
pale
g ay
wi h
long
u ,
ain
acial
s ipes,
hai y
ail
memb ane.
The e
is
disag eemen
abou
how
many
species
a e
ep esen ed
in
his
g oup
and
wha
o
call
hem.
Simila
species.
Big-eyed
ba s
(Chi ode -
ma
spp.)
ha e
a
dis inc
da k
band
a
base
o
u ,
long,
na ow,
single-lobed
middle
uppe
inciso s,
a
pink
ongue,
and
usually
a
middo sal
s ipe;
spea -nosed
ba s
(Phyl-
los omus
spp.)
ha e
ails.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
mainly
on
ui ,
es-
pecially
igs,
nec a ,
and
insec s.
La ge
ui -ea ing
ba s
a e
some
o
he
mos
im-
po an
dispe se s
o
seeds
in o
ea ly
successional
o es .
Jamaican
ui
ba s
(A.
jamaicensis)
a e
o en
he
mos
com-
mon
ba s
in
he
o es ,
along
wi h
common
sho - ailed
ui
ba s
(Ca ollia
spp.).
They
ly
low
in
he
unde s o y
and
use
ails
as
ly
ways.
When
encoun e ed
as
hey
ly
o
a
eeding
oos
ca ying
a
ui ,
hey
may
d op
he
ui
in
su p ise,
seeming
o
h ow
i
owa d
he
obse e
as
hey
ee
sha ply
o
a oid
collision.
F ui -ea ing
ba s
oos
in
small
g oups
in
hollow
ees
and
b anches,
among
dense
oliage,
unde
palm
lea es,
in
ca es,
o
occasionally
in
buildings,
and
a
leas
one
species
some imes
uses
en s
made
om
lea es.
A.
jamaicensis
g oups
consis
o
ha ems
o
one
male
and
se e al
emales
ha
p e e
o
oos
in
iny
ee
hol-
lows,
and
g oups
o
bachelo
males
ha
oos
in
oliage
o
en s.
In
ca es,
many
ha ems
may oos
close
oge he .
Found
in
ma u e
and
seconda y
ain o es
and
deci-
duous
o es ,
ga dens,
and
plan a ions.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
cen al
Mexico
sou h
o
Pa aguay
and
N
A gen ina.
S a us.
Widesp ead
and
common.
Re e ences.
Owen,
R.
D.
(1987).
Phylo-
gene ic
analyses
o
he
ba
sub amily
S en-
ode ma inae
(Mammalia:
Chi op e a).
Spec.
Pub.
Mus.
Texas
Tech.,
no.
26.
Mo ison,
D.
W.
1978.
Fo aging
ecology
and
ene ge ics
o
he
ugi o ous
ba
A i-
beus
jamaicensis.
Ecology
59:716-23.
Dwa
F ui -ea ing
Ba s
A ibeus
(De manu a)
spp.
Map
68
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
47-
69;
T
=
0;
HF
=
9-14;
E
-
16-20;
FA
=
34-52;
WT
=
10-22
g.
Up
pe
pa s
usually
g ay
o
g ay-b own,
some imes
pale
b own
o
da k
chocola e-
b own,
u
ei he
pale
o
ain ly
da k
a
base;
wings
and
ail
memb ane
blackish.
Facial
s ipes
p esen
o
absen ,
usually
end
a
uppe
edge
o
ea ,
a ely
a
mid-
dle
o
ea ;
no
midback
s ipe.
Noselea
spea -shaped,
o en
pale
on
sides
o
base;
ea s
iangula ,
ims
some imes
c eam
o
yellow;
ou
uppe
inciso s
o
abou
equal
size,
cen e
inciso s
bilobed;
muzzle
b oad
and
powe ul,
uppe
oo h
ow
ho seshoe-
shaped.
Tail
memb ane
wi h
o
wi hou
inge
o
hai s
on
edge,
V-shaped,
o en
sho ;
i
e y
sho ,
hen
edge
wi h
hai y
inge;
i
longe ,
wi hou
hai y
inge.
Species.
The e
a e
abou
a
dozen
species;
all
p obably
occu
in
lowland
ain o es .
Mos
canno
eliably
be
dis inguished
in
he
hand.
Species
include:
A.
ha ii
( o -
me ly
Enchis henes),
medium
(13-17
g),
da k
chocola e-b own,
blackish
on
head,
ail
memb ane
sho
and
hai y,
acial
s ipes
na ow
pale
b own;
A.
glaucus,
small
(12
g),
uni o m
smoky
b own
o
g ay,
u
uni o mly
da k
o
base,
acial
s ipes
b igh ,
ims
o
ea s,
agus,
and
sides
o
noselea
pale
yellow,
wings
black;
A.
wa soni.
small
(13
g),
pale
beige
o
g ay,
s ipes
p ominen ,
ail
memb ane
na-
ked.
Some
place
his
g oup
in
a
sepa a e
genus.
Simila
species.
Yellow-ea ed
ba s
(Vam-
py essa)
ha e
b own
wings,
acial
s ipes
o
middle
o
ea
o
ea ;
Macconnell's
ba s
(Mesophylla
macconnelli)
ha e
no
s ipes,
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
77
yellow
humb
and
w is ,
semi anspa en
ail
memb ane.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
small
ui s
and
insec s.
A
leas
wo
species
oos
in
en s
made
om
palm
lea es,
and
ano he
spe-
cies
has
been
ound
oos ing
unde
a
ba-
nana
lea .
Found
in
ma u e
and
dis u bed
lowland
and
mon ane
ain o es ,
plan a ions
and
ga dens,
and
cloud
o es
and
deci-
duous
o es .
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
cen al
Mexico
sou h
o
N
Boli -
ia
and
he
S
Amazon
Basin
o
B azil.
To
a
leas
2,400
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Uncommon
o
a e,
mos
species
widesp ead.
Re e ences.
Handley,
C.
O.,
J .
1987.
New
species
om
no he n
Sou h
Ame ica:
F ui -ea ing
ba s,
genus
A ibeus
Leach.
Fieldiana
Zool.
39:163-72.
Ipanema
o
Double-lipped
Ba
Pygode ma
bilabia um
Pla e
E,
map
69
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
60-
85;
T
=
0;
HF
=
12-15;
E
=
17-21;
FA
=
36-41;
WT
=
15-22
g;
emales
s ikingly
la ge
han
males.
Uppe pa s
wa m
b own;
o equa e s
pale
han
ump;
u
long,
icolo
wi h
da k
bands
a
base
and
ip;
shoulde
a
junc ion
o
wing
wi h
pu e
whi e
spo ;
wings
and
ail
memb ane
b own.
Head
b oad
and
sho ;
mou h
wide,
uppe
lip
wi h
a
old
om
base
o
noselea
o
co -
ne
o
mou h
o ming
a
"double"
lip;
in-
sides
o
uppe
and
lowe
lips
a
co ne
o
mou h
wi h
dense
inge
o
long
papillae;
noselea
a
la ge,
na ow,
leshy
spea ;
chin
bald,
wi hou
ube cules;
ea s
ian-
gula ,
b oad
a
base,
wi h
a
pa ial
mem-
b ane
ac oss
head
om
back
o
uppe
side,
agus
yellow;
eyes
la ge,
chocola e-b own.
Tail
memb ane
sho ,
V-shaped,
well
hai ed,
wi h
hai y
inge.
Ches
hinly
hai ed,
almos
naked
in
males,
hai e
in
emales;
belly
medium
b own,
os ed.
Simila
species.
No
simila
ba s
ha e
a
double
lip;
li le
whi e-shoulde ed
ba s
(Ame ida)
a e
smalle
and
ha e
a
whi e
spo
below
ea ;
he
wo
o he
ba s
wi h
shoulde
spo s
do
no
ha e
la ge
spea -
shaped
noselea es.
Na u al
his o y.
Appa en ly
eeds
on
so ,
pulpy
ui s.
Found
in
ma u e
and
second-
Map
69
[
|
Li le
whi e-shoulde ed
ba .
Ame ida
cen u io
Ipanema
o
double-lipped
ba .
Pygode ma
bilabia um
a y
o es s
and
plan a ions
wi h
ui
ees,
in
ain o es
and
deciduous
o es .
Geog aphic
ange.
Sou h
Ame ica:
known
om
h ee
disjunc
a eas—Su inam;
sou h-
cen al
Boli ia
and
adjacen
A gen ina;
and
E
Pa aguay
o
SE
B azil.
S a us.
Locally
common
bu
pa chy,
a e
in
many
a eas;
widesp ead.
Re e ences.
Webs e ,
W.
D.,
and
R.
D.
Owen. 1984.
Pygode ma
bilabia um.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
220.
Mye s,
P.
1981.
Obse a ions
on
Pygo-
de ma
bilabia um
(Wagne ).
Z.
Sauge ie k.
46:146-51.
Li le
Whi e-shoulde ed
Ba
Ame ida
cen u io
Map
69
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
38—
55;
T
=
0;
HF
=
10-11;
E
=
13-16;
FA
=
25-33;
WT
=
8-12
g;
emales
la ge
han
males.
Uppe pa s
wa m
pale
b own
o
cinna-
mon,
males
mo e
dusky,
wi h
g aye
in s
han
emales;
o equa e s
pale
han
hindqua e s;
u
icolo ,
da k
a
base
and
ip;
shoulde
a
angle
o
wing
wi h
pu e
whi e
spo ;
neck
below
ea
wi h
smalle ,
ain e
whi e
spo ;
wings
and
ail
memb ane
b own.
Face
sho
and
b oad;
mou h
wide
and
monkeylike,
muzzle
na-
ked,
lips
wi h
inge
o
papillae
inside;
noselea
a
sho
b oad
spea
la ened
back
agains
base
o
eyes;
eyes
la ge
and
bulging,
males
wi h
a
swollen
pad
below.
78
Species
Accoun s
Ea s
iangula ,
b oad
a
base,
b own
wi h
yellow
base
and
agus.
Tail
memb ane
sho ,
V-shaped,
hai y,
wi h
hai y
inge.
Simila
species.
See
double-lipped
ba .
Na u al
his o y.
Found
in
lowland
ain o-
es
and
clea ings
and
edges
de i ed
om
i .
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
one
indi idual
is
known
om
he
Canal
Zone
o
Panama;
all
o he s
a e
om
Venezuela,
he
Guianas,
and
he
eas e n
Amazon
Basin
o
B azil.
S a us.
Ra e
in
a
la ge geog aphic
ange.
Viso ed
Ba
Sphae onyc e is
oxophyllum
Pla e
E,
map
70
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
52-
63;
T
=
0;
HF
=
11-13;
E
=
13-17;
^
=
37-42;
WT
=
18
g;
emales
la ge
han
males.
Uppe pa s
cinnamon-b own,
males
some imes
in ed
g ay;
u
icolo ed,
da k
band
a
base
and
ip;
shoulde
a
angle
o
wing
and
neck
below
ea
wi h
pu e
whi e
spo s;
wings
and
ail
memb ane
b own.
Face
sho
and
b oad,
mou h
wide,
mon-
keylike,
smiling;
o ehead
wi h
la ge,
leshy,
ho izon al
old
( iso ),
much
la g-
e
in
males
han
emales,
males
appea
o
be
wea ing
a
baseball
cap;
noselea
(T-
shaped,
pushed
o wa d
by
bo om
o
i-
so ;
muzzle
and
chin
naked;
eyes
la ge,
bulging,
me allic
golden
b own;
ea s
ian-
gula ,
base
yellow,
ip
b own,
agus
yel-
low;
chin
wi h
old
o
skin
ha
can
be
pulled
up
o e
ace,
old
has
anslucen
spo s
o e
eyes
when
pulled
up.
Tail
memb ane
sho ,
V-shaped,
hai y.
Unde -
pa s
like
back.
Simila
species.
No
o he
ba s
ha e
a
ace
like
his
(see
double-lipped
ba
[Pygode ma
bilabia um]);
w inkle- aced
ba s
(Cen u io
senex)
ha e
no
o wa d-p ojec ing
iso
o
noselea .
Na u al
his o y.
Found
in
many
habi a s,
including
ma u e
and
seconda y
ain o es ,
cloud
o es ,
and
deciduous
o es ,
and
in
ga dens,
plan a ions,
and
pas u es.
Geog aphic
ange.
Sou h
Ame ica:
Vene-
zuela
and
he
wes e n
Amazon
Basin
in
Colombia,
Pe u,
B azil,
and
N
Boli ia.
To
2,200
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Ra e
o
uncommon
in
a
la ge
geo-
g aphic
ange.
Map
70
111
W inkle- aced
ba .
Cen u io
senex
Viso ed
ba .
Sphae onyc e is
oxophyllum
W inkle- aced
Ba
Cen u io
senex
Pla e
E,
map
70
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
53—
67;
T
=
0;
HF
=
10-15;
E
=
13-19;
FA
=
42-47;
WT
=
16-25
g.
Uppe pa s
wa m
pale
b own
o
beige;
u
icolo ,
da k
a
base
and
ip;
shoulde
a
angle
o
wing
wi h
pu e
whi e
spo ;
wing
b own,
memb anes
be ween
hi d-
ou h
and
ou h— i h
inge s
(nea es
o
body)
wi h
s iking
ladde like
pa e n
o
al e na ing
anslucen
and
opaque
ba s,
mos
p onounced
in
males;
o ea ms
e y
hai y.
Head
and
ace
a
ound
ball,
ace
naked,
wi h
deep,
complex
skin- olds
and
channels
be ween
eyes
and
a ound
nos ils;
mou h
e y
wide;
eyes
la ge
and
bulging;
no
ee
noselea ;
chin
wi h
loose
old
o
skin
ha
can
be
pulled
up
o e
eyes,
anslucen
spo s
whe e
old
co e s
eyes,
his
mask
well
de eloped
in
males,
less
so
in
emales;
males
only
ha e
addi-
ional
la ge
olds
o
lappe s
on
he
chin;
ea s
long,
na ow,
hin,
naked,
ounded,
b own
dis ally,
yellow
basally,
uppe
edge
o
ea s
wi h
la ge
dis inc i e
ho izon al
lobes
co e ing
pa
o
b ow.
Tail
mem-
b ane
na ow,
V-shaped,
hai y.
Th oa
whi ish,
belly
colo ed
like
back.
Neck
e y
sho ,
head
appea s
s uck
on o
la ge,
squa e,
squa
body.
Males
ha e
a
musky
odo .
Va ia ion.
Males
ha e
mo e
ex emely
de-
eloped
acial
olds
han
emales.
Simila
species.
No
o he
ba s
ha e
a
ace
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
79
like
his
o
ladde ed
wings;
iso ed
ba s
(Sphae onyc e is
oxophyllum)
ha e
a
nose-
lea
and
p ojec ing
iso
on
o ehead.
Na u al
his o y.
Feeds
on
ui s,
om
which
i
ex ac s
he
juice.
W inkle- aced
ba s
oos
among
oliage.
Males
oos
sin-
gly
o
in
g oups
o
wo
o
h ee;
a
numbe
may
be
dispe sed
a ound
he
same
ee.
Fe-
males oos
in
dense
clus e s.
While
oos -
ing,
he
mask
o
skin
is
pulled
up
igh ly
comple ely
o e
he
ace
and
o ehead
and
co e s
he
ho izon al
laps
o
he
ea s;
a
idge
ac oss
he
c own
holds
i
in
place.
W inkle- aced
ba s
ly
apidly,
like
big,
hea y
bee les,
wi h
a
wobbly
mo ion,
some imes
wi h
he
body
e ical
o
he
g ound.
Found
in
ma u e and
seconda y
ain o es ,
deciduous
o es ,
galle y
o es ,
plan a ions,
and
ga dens.
Appa en ly
adap s
well
o
ex emely
dis u bed
habi a s
and
can
li e
in
ci y
pa ks
and
sc ubby
o es
nea
cane
ields.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
coas al
Mexico
sou h
h ough
Panama,
coas al
N
Colombia,
Venezuela,
and
T inidad.
To
abou
1,400
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Ra e,
bu
widesp ead
and
wi h
wide
habi a ange.
Re e ences.
Snow,
J.
L.,
J.
K.
Jones,
J .,
and
W.
D.
Webs e .
1980.
Cen u io
senex.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
138.
Goodwin,
G.
G.
and
A.
M.
G eenhall.
1961.
A
e iew
o
he
ba s
o
T inidad
and
Tobago.
Bull.
Ame .
Mus.
Na .
His .
122:187-302.
Vampi e
Ba s
(Sub amily
Desmodon inae)
Den al
o mula:
11/2
o
2/2;
Cl/1;
Pl/2;
Ml/1;
2/1,
o
2/2
=
20
o
26.
These
a e
he
only
ue ampi e
ba s
in
he
wo ld.
They
a e
highly
specialized
o
eeding
on
he
blood
o
bi ds
and
mammals.
They
ha e
small
olds
abo e
he
nose
and
no
spea -shaped
s uc-
u es;
long,
azo -sha p,
caninelike,
o wa d-poin ing
uppe
inciso
ee h;
and
la ge,
bladelike
canine
ee h.
The e
is
no
ail,
and
he
ail
memb ane
is
educed.
The
legs
and
o ea ms
a e
long,
and
he
body
is
slende .
The
humbs
a e
long
and
hickened
o
ha e
pads
and
a e
used
as
ee
o
walk,
hop,
o
climb
quad upedally
along
he
g ound
o
on
b anches,
o
app oach
p ey
quie ly.
These
ba s
ne e
suck
blood
om
hei
p ey,
bu
lick
up
he
d ops
lowing
om
a
small
scoop
hey
bi e
in
he
skin.
The
azo -sha p
ee h
make
a
quick
and
painless
wound,
wi hou
waking
up
sleeping
p ey.
Vampi es
a e
usually
ea ed
by
local
people,
who
o en
ha e
ne e
seen
one
a
close
ange
and
hus
do
no
disc imina e
be ween
ampi es
and
o he
species
o
ba s.
The e
is
a
endency
o belie e
ha
la ge
ba s
a e
all
ampi es.
People
he e o e
kill
ba s
a
andom
(much
as
hey
be-
ha e
owa d
snakes)—a
p ac ice
o
be
discou aged
because
ba s
a e
bene icial.
Vampi es
a e
an
ex ao dina y
example
o
complex e olu iona y
adap a ion
and
should
be
objec s
o
wonde
a he
han
ea .
They
a e
ela ed
o
he
lea -nosed
ba s,
bu
hey
a e
some imes
placed
in
a
sepa a e
amily
o
hei
own.
The
wo
gene a
and
h ee
species
a e
es ic ed
o
he
New
Wo ld
opics
and
sub opics.
Common
Vampi e
Ba s
Desmodus
spp.
Pla es
F,
6,
map
71
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
72-
93;
T
=
O;
HF
=
14-22;
E
=
16-21;
FA
=
49-63:
WT
=
26-48
g.
Uppe pa s
ich
da k
b own,
a ely
o -
ange;
u
sho
and
s aigh ,
wi h
a
s ong
sheen,
o en
sil e y;
hai
on
neck
and
shoulde s
some imes
whi ish,
wi h
a
p ominen
pale
base;
u
on
back
o en
spa se,
especially
on
o equa e s;
wings
blackish,
wing ips
black
o
whi e.
Muzzle
sho ,
nos ils
in
small
M-shaped
old,
wi h
ano he ,
l-shaped
old
behind
his,
no
ee
noselea ,
no
ho seshoe
unde
nos-
ils;
ea s
iangula
wi h
poin ed
ips,
a-
gus
hai y;
chin ip
a
deeply
no ched
V,
unde su ace
o
chin
naked,
wi h
do
o
a
gland
a
base
o
h oa ;
middle
uppe
inciso s
la ge
han
canines,
iangula
and
o wa d-poin ing,
canines
iangula ,
e y
sha p.
Thumbs
long,
ei he
wi h
dis-
inc
pads
unde
join s
o
wi h
en i e
leng h
hickened;
legs
long,
ee
wi h
long
oes
and
claws.
Tail
memb ane
b own,
a
na ow
U-shaped
band,
hai y.
Unde pa s
some imes
sha ply dema ca ed
om
sides,
80
Species
Accoun s
Map
71
sil e y
g ay
o
whi e
wi h
sheen,
b own
hai
base
showing
h ough.
Species.
The e
a e
wo
species,
bo h
in
ain o es :
he
common
ampi e,
D.
o un-
dus.
has
s i
u ,
wi h
b igh
ips
p oduc-
ing
a
coa se
sheen,
and
black
wing ips
(ex-
cep
in
Chile,
whe e
hey
a e
whi e);
he
whi e-winged
ampi e,
D.
youngi,
some-
imes
placed
in
he
genus
Diaemus,
has
silky
u
wi h
a
ine
shine
and
sha ply
de-
ma ca ed
pu e
whi e
wing ips.
Simila
species.
Hai y-legged
ampi es
(Diphylla
ecauda a)
ha e
long,
dense
u
and
no
ail
memb ane;
w inkle- aced
(Cen-
u io
senex)
and
iso ed
(Sphae onyc e is
oxophyllum)
ba s
ha e
whi e
shoulde -
spo s;
all
o he
ailless
ba s
ha e
noselea es
(excep
some
ba s
es ic ed
o
Ca ibbean
islands
and
no
desc ibed
in
his
book).
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
blood.
Common
ampi es
eed
on
mammals,
including
hu-
mans,
nowadays
o en
on
domes ic
ungu-
la es,
especially
ca le
and
ho ses.
They
eed
by
silen ly
app oaching
an
animal
( hese
ba s
ly
ex emely
quie ly),
landing
nea
i
o
on
i ,
making
a
small
scoop
in
he
skin,
and
lapping
up
lowing
blood
wi h
he
ongue.
Whi e-winged
ampi es
p e e
o
eed
on
he
blood
o bi ds
(bu
i
s a ing
in
cap i i y
will
a ack
a
mammal);
hey
a e
no
known
o
a ack
ca le
o
hu-
mans.
Vampi es
a e
agile
quad upedal
un-
ne s
and
will
eadily
un
and
hop
on
all
ou s,
using
he
hickened
humb
as
a
oo .
Bo h
species
oos
in
ca es
and
hollow
ees.
Common
ampi es
ha e
a
complex
social
o ganiza ion
in
which
emales
o m
s able
g oups
o
8-12
indi iduals
ha
oos
oge he ,
eed
in
he
same
home
ange,
and
coope a e
by
sha ing
ood
wi h
each
o he
by
egu gi a ion.
Males
o m
mo e
empo a y
associa ions
and
compe e
o
dominance
o
a
g oup
o
emales.
These
ba s
seem
na u ally
a e
in
deep
ain o es ,
bu
la ge
concen a ions
o
p ey
in
he
o m
o
li es ock
in oduced
by
man
ha e
caused
hem
o
become
common
in
some
a eas,
whe e
hey
can
ansmi
a-
bies,
cause
wounds
suscep ible
o
sc ew ly
in asion,
and
bi e
humans.
These
species
should
be
p o ec ed
in
o es ,
and
only
popula ions
ha
eed
on
li es ock
should
be
con olled.
Found
in
ain o es ,
deci-
duous
o es ,
seconda y
ege a ion,
galle y
o es ,
ce ado,
chaco,
pas u es,
and
ga dens.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
N
coas al
Mexico,
S
Mexico
sou h
along
bo h
sides
o
he
Andes
o
cen-
al
Chile
and
S
A gen ina
and
U uguay.
To
1,500
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Common
o
a e
(common
am-
pi e),
o
a e
(whi e-winged
ampi e);
bo h
species
widesp ead.
Local
names.
Vampi o
(Span,
B );
ampi
(Su).
Re e ences.
G eenhall,
A.
M.,
and
U.
Schmid .
1988.
Na u al
his o y
o
ampi e
ba s.
Boca
Ra on,
Fla.:
CRC
P ess.
Wilkinson,
G.
S.
1985.
The
social
o ga-
niza ion
o
he
common
ampi e
ba .
Be-
ha .
Ecol.
Sociobiol.
17:111-21.
Hai y-legged
Vampi e
Ba
Diphylla
ecauda a
Pla e
F,
map
72
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
72-
86;
T
=
O;
HF
=
13-19;
E
=
15-19;
FA
=
50-56;
WT
=
23-33
g.
Uppe pa s
ich
b own,
pale
o
almos
blackish,
o
nea
ches nu ;
u
so
and
dense,
wi h
s ong
sheen,
hai
on
shoul-
de s
whi e
a
base;
o ea ms
hai y.
Nose-
lea
e y
sho ,
consis ing
o
wo
incon-
spicuous,
(T-shaped
olds,
one
behind
he
o he ;
ace
a ac i e,
mou h
wi h
a
pe -
manen
pleasan
smile;
eyes
la ge;
ea s
sho
and
ounded,
lowe
edge
p olonged
o wa d
in
a
small
old,
o ms
a
line un-
de
eye
o
nose.
Inciso s
as
in
common
ampi es.
Tail
memb ane
almos
absen ,
a
na ow
band
down
side
o
leg,
hai y
abo e
and
below;
calca
o ms
a
spu
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
81
Map
72
~~i
Hai y-legged
ampi e
ba ,
Diphylla
ecauda a
wi h
ee
ip.
Thumb
long
and
hick.
Chin
naked;
unde pa s
g ay-b own
wi h
sheen.
Va ia ion.
Pale
animals
seem
o
come
om
d ie
habi a s.
Simila
species.
O he
ampi es
(Desmo-
dus
spp.)
ha e
sho
u
and
ail
memb ane
ha
o ms
a
band
be ween
legs;
see
com-
mon
ampi es
o
o he
compa isons.
Na u al
his o y.
Feeds
on
blood,
chie ly
o
exclusi ely
o
bi ds.
Hai y-legged
ampi es
oos
singly
o
in
small
colonies
in
ca es,
unnels,
and
hollow
ees.
These
ampi es
do
no
seem
o
be
as
agile
a
walking
quadupedally
on
la
su aces
as
a e
he
common
ampi es;
hey
app oach
hei
p ey
by
c awling
upside
down
along
he
bo om
o
a
b anch.
They
eed
like
he
common
ampi es,
by
bi ing
a
small
inci-
sion
and
licking
up
he
d ops
o
blood
ha
low
om
he wound.
They
some imes
a -
ack
chickens
o
o he
domes ic
poul y
bu
do
no
usually
seem
o
do
hem
much
ha m.
Found
in
ain o es ,
deciduous
o -
es ,
d y
o es ,
caa inga,
and
ga dens
and
plan an ions.
Geog aphic
ange.
No h,
Cen al,
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
Texas
(one
eco d)
sou h
along
he
Ca ibbean
coas
o
Mexico,
all
coun ies
o
Cen al
Ame ica,
sou h
o
Bo-
li ia
and
SE
B azil.
To
abou
1,500
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Ra e
o
uncommon,
bu
ex emely
widesp ead.
Re e ences.
G eenhall,
A.
M.,
U.
Schmid ,
and
G.
Joe mann.
1984.
Diphylla
ecauda a.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
227.
Funnel-ea ed,
Thumbless,
and
Sucke - oo ed
Ba s
(Na alidae,
Fu ip e idae,
Thy op e idae)
Den al
o mula:
12/3,
C1/1,
P3/3,
M3/3
=
38.
These
a e
h ee
small
amilies
o
iny
insec i o ous
ba s.
The
unnel-ea ed
ba s
(Na alidae)
includes
one
genus
and
ou
species.
The
humbless
ba s
(Fu ip e idae)
includes
wo
gene a,
each
wi h
one
species.
The
sucke -
oo ed
ba s
(Thy op e idae)
includes
one
genus
wi h
wo
species.
The
ecology
o
all
spe-
cies
is
poo ly
known;
hey
all
ha e
a
lu e ing
s yle
o
ligh
and
may
be
specialized
o
hun ing
insec s
wi hin
dense
ege a ion.
All
a e
es ic ed o
he
New
Wo ld
opics
and
sub opics.
Funnel-ea ed
Ba s
Na al
us
spp.
Pla es
F,
7,
map
73
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
45-
64;
T
=
45-60;
HF
=
7-11;
E
=
12-
16;
FA
=
36-42;
WT
=
4-7
g.
Uppe pa s
pale
beige,
awny
yellow-
b own,
gold,
o
b igh
us -o ange;
u
long,
lax,
sligh ly
wa y;
wings
and
ail
memb ane
pale
b own.
Muzzle
sligh ly
elonga e
and
na ow,
o ehead
ising
ab up ly
abo e;
nose
and
chin
simple,
wi h
no
lea
o
olds,
mou h
somewha
unnel-shaped;
ea s
iangula ,
b oad
a
base,
unnel-shaped,
poin ing
o wa d;
eyes
small,
inconspicuous.
Tail
e y
long,
abou
equal
o
head
and
body,
en i ely
enclosed
wi hin
memb ane;
ail
memb ane
sligh ly
longe
han
legs,
comes
o
a
poin
a
ail
ip;
calca
longe
han
oo ;
hindlegs
e y
long,
leg
o ip
o
claws
abou
he
same
leng h
as
head
and
body;
humbs
iny.
Unde pa s
he
same
colo
as
back
o
sligh ly
pale .
Tiny
ba s
wi h
a
la ge
expanse
o
delica e,
c inkled
memb ane.
Species.
Two
o
he
ou
species
a e
ound
in
lowland,
con inen al
ain o es ;
he
o he

Q23
Thumbless
bai,
Fu ipie us
ho ens
82
Species
Accoun s
MaP
73
Map
74
wo
occupy
Ca ibbean
islands:
N.
s ami-
neus
is
sligh ly
smalle
(HB
=
45-48),
wi h
he
ail
usually
sligh ly
longe
han
he
head
and
body;
N.
umidi os is
is
la ge
(HB
=
50-64),
wi h
he
ail
sho e
han
he
head
and
body;
colo
a ies
indi id-
ually
om
beige
o
o ange
in
bo h
species.
Simila
species.
Thumbless
ba s
(Fu ip e-
us
ho ens)
ha e
no
humb
claw,
and
he
ail
is
much
sho e
han
ail
memb ane;
in
all
espe ilionid
ba s
he
ail
and
ail
memb ane
a e
much
longe
han
he
legs,
and
held
cu led
o wa d
in
a
coil
a
es .
No
o he
ba s
wi h
no
noselea
ha e
a
long
ail
en i ely
wi hin
he
ail
memb ane,
which
o ms
a
poin
a
i s
edge.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
insec s.
Funnel-
ea ed
ba s
oos
in
he
da k
ecesses
o
hu-
mid
ca es,
whe e
hey
hang
singly
o
in
g oups
o
well-sepa a ed
indi iduals,
some-
imes
in
colonies
o
housands.
They
may
be
es ic ed
o
egions
wi h
ca es
(which
a e
absen
in
much
o
he
Amazon
Basin).
They
ly
wi h
a
lu e ing ligh .
Found
in
ain o es ,
bu
mo e
o en
in
mo e
a id
habi a s
o
deciduous
o
d y
o es and
ga -
dens
and
plan a ions.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
bo h
coas s
o
Mexico
almos
o
he
U.S.
bo de ,
sou h
h ough Cen al
Ame ica
and
along
he
no h
and
eas
coas
o
Sou h
Ame ica
o
SE
B azil,
and
he
lowe
Amazon
Basin.
S a us.
Widesp ead
bu
gene ally
pa chy
in
dis ibu ion,
nume ous
in
a
ew
ca es.
Thumbless
Ba
Fu ip e us
ho ens
Pla e
F,
map
74
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
33-
43;
T
=
20-27;
HF
-
6-9;
E
=
9-12;
FA
=
30-40;
WT
=
3
g.
Uppe pa s
da k
smoky
g ay,
sla e
blue-
g ay,
o
da k
g ay-b own;
u
long,
dense,
and
lax,
wings
and
ail
memb ane
da k
b own.
Muzzle
sho ,
na ow,
nose
and
chin
plain,
wi hou
olds
o
lea ,
o ehead
la ge,
ising
ab up ly
a
igh
angle
o
muzzle;
ea
sho ,
b oad
a
base;
eye
iny,
los
in
u .
Tail
abou
hal
as
long
as
ail
memb ane,
en i ely
enclosed
wi hin
i ;
ail
memb ane
longe
han
leg,
en i ely
illed
wi h
pa e n
o
close-se ,
ine,
pa allel
lines
a
igh
angles
o
ail;
humb
a
udimen-
a y
s ub,
wi h
no
claw;
legs
long,
almos
as
long
as
head
and
body.
Unde pa s
sla e
g ay.
Tiny
ba s
like
long-legged
balls
o
g ay
lu .
Simila
species.
All
o he
ba s
in
ain o es
ha e
well-de eloped
humbs
wi h
claws.
Na u al
his o y.
Feeds
on
insec s.
Thumb-
less
ba s
oos
in
small
clus e s
in
colonies
o
up
o
a
leas
60
in
ca es,
ho izon al
allen
logs,
and
deep
c acks
be ween
ocks;
one
such
oos
was
among la ge
boulde s
in
a
i e bed,
which
we e
exposed
du ing
he
d y
season.
They
o age
nea
he
o es
loo ,
wi h
a
slow,
lu e ing,
mo hlike
ligh .
Found
in
lowland
ain o es .
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica: Cos a
Rica
sou h
o
he
sou he n
Amazon
basins
o
Pe u
and
B azil,
and
o
SE
coas al
B azil.
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
83
Map
75
S a us.
Ra e,
bu
widesp ead.
Re e ences.
LaVal,
R.
1977.
No es
on
some
Cos a
Rican
ba s.
B enesia
10—
11:77-83.
Sucke - oo ed
Ba s
Thy
opie
a
spp.
Pla es
F,
7,
map
75
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
37-
48;
T
=
24-37;
HF
=
4-7;
E
=
11-14;
FA
=
31-38;
WT
=
3-5
g.
Uppe pa s
ich
chocola e-b own
o
ches nu ;
u
long
and
so .
Face
sho ,
muzzle
na ow,
wi hou
noselea ;
ea s
i-
angula ,
b oad
a
base,
sha ply
poin ed;
eyes
iny.
Ankle-
and
humb-bases
wi h
mois ,
leshy
sucke
disks.
Tail
mem-
b ane
poin ed,
longe
han
legs;
ail
long-
e
han
memb ane,
wi hin
i
o
pos e io
edge,
ip
p o udes
ee
o
memb ane o
a
sho
dis ance
beyond
i .
Hind oo
iny,
wi h
hi d
and
ou h
digi s
used
in o
one
hick
digi .
Tiny,
delica e
ba s.
Species.
The
wo
species
a e
ound
in
ain o es :
T.
icolo
has
sha ply
con as -
ing
whi e
o
c eam
unde pa s
and
wo
small
bumps
on
ea
edge
o
calca ;
T.
dis-
ci e a
has
unde pa s
he
same
as
back
o
only
sligh ly
pale ,
and
one
bump
on
ea
o
calca .
Simila
species.
No
o he
ba s
in
egion
ha e
sucke s
on
ee .
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
insec s.
T.
ico-
lo
oos
in
small
g oups
o
1-9
inside
he
olled
new lea es
o
pla anillos
(Heliconia
spp.)
and
bananas,
a
he
s age
when
he
lea es
a e
jus
un olling
o
open.
Ba s
mus
he e o e
mo e
om
lea
o
lea
e e y
day
o
wo.
The
ba s
in
a
g oup
s ay
oge he
as
hey
mo e
om
oos
o
oos .
Pla anil-
los
end
o
g ow
on
ela i ely
good
soil
in
o es
openings,
such
as
ee all
gaps,
and
on
i e sides,
and
ha
is
whe e
hese
ba s
can
be
ound,
bu
hey
choose
oos s
in
he
shade.
When
he
emales
ha e
young,
hey
can
mo e
o
"ma e ni y"
oos s
in
hollow
logs
on
he
o es
loo .
T.
disci e a
is
poo ly
known,
bu
i
has
been
ound
oos -
ing
benea h
open,
dead
banana
lea es.
Un-
like
mos
o he
ba s,
sucke - oo ed
ba s
oos
head
upwa d,
a ached
o
he
la
su -
ace
o
a
lea
by
hei
sucke s.
Thei
local
dis ibu ion
seems
o
be
pa chy;
hey
a e
appa en ly
limi ed
o
a eas
whe e
hey
ind
nume ous
app op ia e
oos s.
Found
only
in
lowland
ain o es
and
ga dens
and
plan a-
ions
de i ed
om
i .
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
SE
Mexico
sou h
h ough
Cen al
Ame ica
o
he
sou he n
Amazon
Basin
and
he
A lan ic
o es s
o
SE
B azil.
S a us.
T.
disci e a
is
a e;
T.
icolo
is
uncommon
and
appa en ly
pa chy
in
a
huge
geog aphic
ange.
Re e ences.
Wilson,
D.
E.,
and
J.
S.
Fin-
dley.
1977.
Thy op e a
icolo .
Mammali-
an
Species,
no.
71.
Wilson,
D.
E.
1978.
Thy op e a
disci-
e a.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
104.
Vespe ilionid
Ba s
(Vespe ilionidae)
Den al
o mula:
11/3
o
2/3;
Cl/1;
Pl/2,
2/2,
o
3/3;
M3/3.
This
is
a
la ge
amily
o
small-
o
medium-sized
ba s
ha
eed
on
insec s.
They
ha e
plain
aces
wi h
no nose-
lea es,
small
eyes,
and
long,
wide
ail
memb anes
which
come
o
a
poin
a
he
ip
o
he
long
ail.
A
es
he
ail
and
memb ane
a e
cu led
o wa d
unde
he
body.
Du ing
ligh
a
he
momen
o
p ey
cap u e,
he
la ge
ail
memb ane
is
b ough
o wa d
and
used
as
a
scoop
o
help
ap
lying
insec s.
Mos
species
a e
agile
and
apid
lye s.
In
no he n
e-
gions,
mos
species
hibe na e
in
ca es
du ing
he
win e ,
o
bo h
mig a e
and
hibe na e,
o
84
Species
Accoun s
mig a e
a
enough
sou h
o
be
able
o
emain
ac i e.
Vespe ilionids
ha e
one
o ,
occa-
sionally,
wo
o
ou
young,
which
a e
le
behind
in
he oos
while
he
mo he
o ages.
The
na u al
his o y
and
social
beha io
o
Neo opical
species
a e
poo ly
known.
This
is
he
mos
geog aphically
widesp ead
amily
o
ba s;
membe s
a e
ound
on
all
con inen s,
wi h
abou
37
gene a
and
o e
300
species
wo ldwide.
Li le
B own
Ba s
Myo is
spp.
Pla e
F,
map
76
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
abou
HB
=
36-54;
T
=
30-42;
HF
-
7-10;
E
=
11-17;
FA
=
29-44;
WT
=
4-7
g.
Uppe pa s blackish
b own,
smoky
b own,
ches nu ,
eddish,
o
o angish;
u
sho
o
medium
leng h,
unicolo
en i ely
da k
o
base
o
wi h
ips
os ed;
wings
and
ail
memb ane
usually
blackish,
some imes
b own.
Head
iangula ,
b oad
be ween
ea s,
coming
o
poin
a
nose,
wi hou
noselea
o
o he
olds;
eyes
iny;
ea s
i-
angula ,
poin ed;
i s
oo h
behind
can-
ine
iny
and
peglike,
c ea ing
a
la ge
gap
be ween
canine
and
i s
la ge
oo h
be-
hind
i .
Tail
memb ane
much
longe
han
legs,
coming
o
a
poin
a ip
o
ail,
ail
en i ely
wi hin
memb ane,
usually
cu led
o wa d
unde
body
when
no
in
ligh ;
calca sho e
han
oo .
Thumb
wi h
long
dis al
join .
Unde pa s
pale
han
back
wi h
hai s
os ed
pale
a
ips,
da k
a
base,
ea
o
abdomen
usually
pale
han
ches .
Species.
This
is
he
la ges
and
mos
wide-
sp ead
genus
o
ba s
in
he
wo ld,
wi h
abou
88
species.
Abou
8
o
he
35
New
Wo ld
species
a e
ound
in
ain o es ;
3
o
4
can
occu
oge he
a
one
locali y.
They
a e
o en
qui e simila .
Some
o
he
mos
common
and
widesp ead
in
ain o es
in-
clude:
M.
nig icans,
almos
black
(FA
=
33-36);
M.
ipa ius,
smoky
g ay
o
b own
(FA
=
32—35);
M.
albescens,
u
some-
imes
os ed
wi h
pale
ips
(FA
=
34-
37).
Simila
species.
Mos
big
b own
ba s
(Ep-
esicus
spp.)
a e
la ge
(10
g);
hey
ha e
e en
u
ha
is
e y
da k
a
he
base,
o en
blackish,
e enly
ipped
o e
he
en i e
up-
pe pa s
wi h
sligh ly
o
dis inc ly
pale
b own,
which
gi es
he
appea ance
o
a
ich,
smoo h
sheen;
he
i s
oo h
behind
he
canine
is
la ge,
lea ing
no
gap
be ween
he
canine
and
he
i s
la ge
oo h
behind
i .
Li le
yellow
ba s
(Rhogeessa
spp.)
ha e
u
pale
a
base;
shea h- ailed
ba s
(Embal-
lonu idae)
ha e
a
sho
ail
whose
ip
s icks
Map
76
[
I
Li le
b own
ba s.
Myo is
ou
abo e
he
ail
memb ane
pa way
along
i s
leng h;
humbless
ba s
(Fu ip e us
spp.)
ha e
a
sho
ail
and
no
humb
claw;
un-
nel-ea ed
(Na alus
spp.)
ba s
a e
pale,
wi h
unnel-shaped
ea s
and
mou h.
Na u al his o y.
Feed
on
iny
insec s.
Li -
le
b own
ba s
seem
o
a o
lying
in
open
a eas
o
gaps
in
he
o es ,
such
as
hose
o med
by
ee alls,
s eams,
ails,
oads,
swamps
o
pools,
and
ga dens,
o
in
clea -
ings
a ound
houses.
They
ly
swi ly,
wi h
apid
wing
bea s,
making
equen
di es
and
u ns
o
ca ch
hei
p ey.
They
may
be
high
o
low
in
he
o es .
Fo es
species
oos
in
ee
hollows,
ock
c e ices,
o
buildings.
Mos
species
o
his
genus
oos
in
close
con ac
in
igh
clus e s.
In
all
lowland
habi a s.
Geog aphic
ange.
Wo ldwide;
suba c ic
o
equa o ial;
in
he
en i e
ain o es
e-
gion.
To
a
leas
2,400
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Rain o es
species
a e
common
o
a e;
mos
appea
widesp ead.
Re e ences.
LaVal,
R.
K.
1973.
A
e i-
sion
o
he
Neo opical
ba s
o
he
genus
Myo is.
Los
Angeles
Coun y
Na .
His .
Mus.
Sci.
Bull.
15.
Wilson.
D.
E.,
and
R.
K.
LaVal.
1974.
Myo is
nig icans.
Mammalian
Species,
no.
39.
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
85
Map
77
Big
B own
Ba s
Ep esicus
spp.
Pla es
F,
7,
map
77
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
48-
84;
T
=
33-49;
HF
=
8-13;
E
=
11-
19;
FA
=
37-54;
WT
-
5-16
g.
Uppe pa s
black-b own
o
awny
yellow-
oche ;
u
deep
blackish
a
base
wi h
ip
always
pale ,
om
sligh ly
pale ,
ich
b own,
o
much
pale
awny,
on
da k
ani-
mals
pale
ips
impa
a
sheen;
u
medium-
long,
o
e en
leng h,
o en
silky;
wings
and
ail
memb anes
usually
black,
some-
imes
da k
b own,
s ong
and
lea he y.
Face
plain,
poin ed;
wi hou noselea ;
ea s
iangula ,
poin ed;
eyes
small;
i s
oo h
behind
uppe
canine
la ge,
lea ing
li le
gap
be ween
canine
and
i s
la ge
oo h.
Tail
sho e
han
head
and
body
leng h
(40-90%),
en i ely
wi hin
mem-
b ane,
ail
memb ane
comes
o
a
poin
a
ail
ip,
ail
held
cu led
o wa d
unde
body
a
es ;
calca
longe
han
oo .
Un-
de pa s
yellowish,
pale
han
back,
hai
blackish
a
base,
usually
awny
o
gold
a
ips.
Species.
The e
a e
abou
30
species
wo ld-
wide;
4
o
he
abou
6
New
Wo ld
species
can
occupy
lowland
ain o es
habi a s:
E.
uscus
is
la ge
(FA
=
48-54;
WT
~
15
g)
and
awny
yellow-oche ;
E.
b asiliensis
is
da k
b own
o
eddish
and
smalle
(FA
=
40-46;
WT
=
9-12
g);
E.
u inalis
is
da k
b own
o
o ange- inged
b own,
o
da k
awny
(FA
=
37-43;
WT
=
7-10
g);
and
E.
andinus
is
blackish
(FA
=
42—
48;
WT
=
11
g)
and
la gely
mon ane.
Simila
species.
Li le
b own
ba s
(Myo is
spp.)
ha e
a
iny
i s
oo h
behind
he
can-
ine,
lea ing
an
appa en
gap;
usually
ha e
unicolo
u
excep
ha
M.
albescens.
which
a e
e y
simila
o
E.
u inalis
bu
smalle
(FA
=
34-37),
ha e
unde pa s
os ed
wi h
mo e
whi ish
o
g ayish,
whe eas
in
E.
u inalis
hey
a e
yellow
o
awny.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
insec s.
Big
b own
ba s
oos
in
ee
hollows,
holes
in
snags
in
lagoons,
buildings,
and
ca es.
E.
uscus
lies
in
a
s eady, s aigh
cou se,
wi h
occasional
di es
o
ca ch
p ey,
and
i
a o s
unencumbe ed
a eas.
These
ba s
a e
o en
in
and
a ound
buildings
and
coun y
owns.
Found
in
ain o es ,
cloud
o es ,
galle y
o es ,
dese s,
ga dens,
plan a-
ions,
and
ields.
Geog aphic
ange.
Wo ldwide
including
he
Ame icas
om
Canada
o
A gen ina
and
U uguay.
S a us.
Ra e
in
ain o es ;
common
in
o h-
e
habi a s.
Re e ences.
Hill,
J.
E.,
and
D.
L.
Ha i-
son.
1987.
The
baculum
in
he Vespe i-
lioninae (Chi op e a:
Vespe ilionidae)
wi h
a
sys ema ic
e iew,
a
synopsis
o
Pipis-
ellus
and
Ep esicus
and
desc ip ion
o
a
new
genus
and
subgenus.
Bull.
B i .
Mus.
Na .
His .,
zool.
se .
52,
no.
7.
Black-winged
Li le
Yellow
Ba
Rhogeessa
umida
Pla e
F,
map
78
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
36-
49;
T
=
26-31;
HF
=
6-8;
E
=
12-14;
FA
=
25-33;
WT
=
3-5
g.
Uppe pa s
pale
yellow
ligh ly
o
hea ily
os ed
o
o e laid
wi h
b own;
u
bico-
lo ed
pale
yellow
a
base
wi h
b own
ips;
wings
blackish
o
b own.
Face
i-
angula ,
nose
poin ed,
plain,
no
noselea ;
eyes
iny;
ea s
iangula ,
na ow
a
base,
pale
a
base
wi h
da k
ips;
agus
a
long,
na ow
blade.
Tail
memb ane
much longe
han
legs,
coming
o
poin
a
ip
o
ail,
ail
en i ely
wi hin
i ;
ail
sho e
han
head
and
body.
Unde pa s
pale
yellow
o
gold.
Miniscule
ba s.
Va ia ion.
Va ies
geog aphically
om
pale
in
Cen al
Ame ica
o
da k
b own- os ed
in
Sou h
Ame ica.
Fi e
o he
species
occu-
py
d y
habi a s.
86
Species
Accoun s
Map
78
Map
79
Simila
species.
Li le
b own
ba s
(Myo is
spp.)
ha e
u
da k
a
base;
unnel-ea ed
ba s
(Na alus
spp.)
ha e pale
memb anes,
unnel-shaped
ea s,
ail
as
long
as
head
and
body.
Na u al
his o y.
Feeds
on
insec s.
Li le
yellow
ba s
oos
in
colonies
in
hollow
ees.
They
s a
o
o age
a
dusk,
sallying
ou
om
he
shel e
o
ees
wi h
a
mo e
apid
ligh
han
shea h- ailed
ba s.
This
genus
includes
he
smalles
New
Wo ld
ba s.
Found
in
a
wide
ange
o
habi a s
om
ain o es
o
d y
o es .
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
E
Mexico
sou h
h ough
all
o
Cen al
Ame ica
o
W
and
N
Colombia
and
Ecuado ,
Venezuela,
he
Guianas,
T inidad,
N
Boli ia,
and
he
Amazon
Basin
o
B azil
o
coas al
Bah a.
S a us.
Appa en ly
a e
bu
e y
widesp ead.
Re e ences.
LaVal,
R.
K.
1973.
Sys em-
a ics o
he
genus
Rhogeessa
(Chi op e a:
Vespe ilionidae).
Occas.
Pap.
Mus.
Na .
His .
Uni .
Kansas,
19:1-47.
Big-ea ed
B own
Ba s
His io us
spp.
Pla e
F,
map
79
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
54-
68;
T
=
47-58;
HF
=
8-10;
E
=
27-
35;
FA
=
45-51;
WT
= 14-16
g.
Uppe pa s
da k
b own,
awny
b own,
o
beige;
u
long
and
lax,
e y
da k
b own
a
base
wi h
pale
ips.
Face
ian-
gula ,
nose
plain
and
sha ply
poin ed,
wi hou
noselea ;
ea s
eno mous,
b oad
and
long,
inne
edges
almos
mee
o e
b ow;
agus
long,
lance-shaped.
Tail
memb ane
much
longe
han
legs,
ail
wi hin
i
o
edge,
hen
ip
ex ends
ee
be-
yond
i
o
a
sho
dis ance.
Unde pa s
os ed
whi e
o
beige,
hai
da k
b own
a
base.
Species.
The e
a e
abou
ou
species;
hey
a e
mos ly
mon ane
o
empe a e,
bu
H.
ela us
may
be
ound
in
A lan ic
coas al
ain o es s
and
he
cloud
o es
species
H.
mon anus
may
occasionally
be
ound
below
1,000
m.
Simila
species.
The e
a e
no
o he
small
ba s
wi h
eno mous
ea s
and
no
noselea
on
he
Sou h
Ame ican
con inen .
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
insec s.
H.
ela-
us
has
been
ound
oos ing
in
small
clus-
e s
in
he
oo s
and
a ics
o
buildings.
Found
in
ma u e
and
dis u bed
p emon ane
and
mon ane
humid
o es s
and
in
empe -
a e
o es s.
Geog aphic
ange.
Sou h
Ame ica:
he
en-
i e
Andean
chain
and
sub opical
and
em-
pe a e
Sou h
Ame ica,
moun ains
o
Vene-
zuela,
g ea e
Rio
Sao
F ancisco
d ainage
o
SE
B azil,
and
Pa aguay.
To
abo e
2,000
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
All
species
appa en ly
a e;
wide-
sp ead
o
es ic ed
in
ange.
Re e ences.
Mum o d,
R.
E.,
and
D.
M.
Knudson.
1978.
Ecology
o
ba s
a
Vicosa,
B azil.
P oc.
4 h
In e .
Ba
Res.
Con ,
287-95.
Map
80
11881
Hoa y
o
hai y- ailed
ba s.
Lasiu us
Hoa y
o
Hai y- ailed
Ba s
Lasiu us
spp.
Pla es
F,
7,
map
80
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
52-
90;
T
=
41-61;
HF
=
7-14;
E
=
10-
20;
FA
=
36-57;
WT
=
6-21
g.
Uppe pa s
us - ed,
yellow,
o
b own
os ed
whi e,
o en
os ed
o
a iega ed;
u
dense,
hai s
wi h
se e al
colo
bands,
da k
band
a
base;
o ea m
hai y
below
and
wi h
pa ches
o
hai
nea
humbs;
ail
memb ane
long,
wide,
and
hick,
en i ely
illing
space
be ween
legs,
hickly
u ed
abo e
o
hal
o
mo e
o
i s
leng h;
wing
memb anes
wi h
pale
pa ches
su ounding
bones.
Head
sho ,
muzzle
blun ,
nos ils
o en
widely
sepa a ed,
no
noselea ;
ea s
hick,
sho ,
b oad,
ounded,
sca cely
p o uding
abo e
c own;
agus
a
na ow
panel
displaced
on
a
s alk
in
on
o
ea .
Tail
long,
en i ely
wi hin
memb ane,
a
es
ail
is
ben
o wa d
and
upwa d
so
ha
hai y
ail
memb ane
co e s
lowe
belly;
pos u e
a
es
cha ac e is ic,
cu led
o wa d
in
a
uck.
Unde pa s
di y
yellow
o
ed,
hai
da k
a
base.
Me-
dium-sized,
o en
beau i ully
pa e ned
and
b igh ly
colo ed
ba s.
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
87
Species.
Fou
o
he
se en
species
can
be
ound
in
lowland
ain o es :
L.
cine eus
is
la ge
(FA
=
50-57),
ei he
b own
(Cen al
Ame ica)
o
pale
yellow
(Venezuela),
s ongly
a iega ed
o
os ed
wi h
whi e;
L.
bo ealis
is
small
(FA
=
36-42),
b igh
us -o ange
on
lowe
back,
o equa e s
os ed
wi h
ed
o e
yellow,
unde pa s
yellowish;
L.
ega
is
medium-sized
(FA
=
47-51),
en i ely
di y
yellow,
wi hou
os ing;
L.
eg egius
is
us - ed
o e
yel-
low,
wi h
ed
unde pa s.
Simila
species.
No
o he
ba s
in
egion
ha e
he
combina ion
o
sho
blun
head
and
ea s,
no
noselea ,
and
long,
hickly
u ed
ail
memb ane.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
insec s,
especial-
ly
mo hs
and
o he
la ge
kinds,
and
ha e
been
epo ed
p eying
on
iny
species
o
ba s.
Hoa y
ba s
o en
ly
high,
wi h
a
s ong,
as
ligh
and
slow
wing
bea s.
They
some imes
o age
a ound
s ee ligh s
in
owns.
They
oos
singly
among
oliage,
especially
along
o es
edges,
in
places
well
shel e ed
om
abo e,
and
hei
a ie-
ga ed
colo s
p obably
se e
as
camou lage
agains
he
lea es.
They
can
ha e
li e s
o
up
o
ou
young.
Hoa y
ba s
include
he
mos
widesp ead
species
o
New
Wo ld
ba s.
In
No h
Ame ica
hey
a e
seasonally
mig a o y,
bu
hei
beha io
in
he
opics
is
poo ly
known.
Found
in
a
wide a ie y
o
habi a s
om
deep
undis u bed
Amazon
ain o es
o
many
kinds
o
dis u bed
o -
es ,
d y
o es ,
and
empe a e
and
bo eal
o es s.
Geog aphic
ange.
No h,
Cen al,
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
Canada
o
Chile.
To
a
leas
1,500
m
ele a ion.
S a us.
Uncommon
in
ain o es ;
all
ain-
o es
species
widesp ead
excep
p obably
L.
eg egius.
Re e ences.
Shump,
K.
A.,
J .,
and
A.
U.
Shump.
1982.
Lasiu us
bo ealis.
Mammal-
ian
Species,
no.
183.
.
1982.
Lasiu us
cine eus.
Mam-
malian
Species,
no.
185.
F ee- ailed
o
Mas i
Ba s
(Molossidae)
This
is
one
o
he
mos
dis inc i e
amilies
o
ba s.
They
a e
small-
o
la ge-sized
ba s
wi h
long,
hick,
naked
ails
ha
ex end
ee
o
abou
hal
hei
leng h
beyond
he
edge
o
he
ail
memb ane. They
ha e
sho ,
el e y
u ;
lea he y
wings
and
ail
memb anes;
sho ,
b oad
hai y
ee ;
ec angula ,
la ened
bodies;
e y
na ow
wings;
doglike
aces
88
Species
Accoun s
wi h
no
noselea ;
wide mou hs;
and
medium-sized
black
eyes.
Thei
ea s
a e
complexly
olded
and
dis inc i e:
hey
a e
di ided
by
a
longi udinal
old
in o
wo
open
compa -
men s,
one
acing
ou wa d
and
he
o he
inwa d,
o e
he
eye;
he
o wa d
o
uppe
edge
o
he
ea
ex ends
as
a
hick
old
ac oss
he
b ow;
he
lowe
edge
o
he
ea
o ms
a
old
ha
cu es
a ound
o wa d
unde
he
ea ,
and
his
old
has
a
sepa a e
lobe
called
he
an i agus
ha
s ands
up
in
on
o
he
ea
opening
and
hides
he
ue
agus,
which
lies
behind
i .
The
p ecise
shape
o
bo h
an i agus
and uppe
edges
o
he
ea
is
an
impo an
cha ac e
o
iden i ica ion
o
gene a
and
species.
Ba s
o
his
amily
chie ly
eed
on
la ge
insec s
such
as
mo hs
and
bee les. They
can
be
ecognized
by
hei
s ong,
swi ,
e a ic
ligh
and
na ow
wings.
Some
species
ha e
echoloca ion
calls
in
he
equency
ange
au-
dible
o
humans,
and
hey
can
be
clea ly
hea d
u e ing
musical
single
chi ps
as
hey
c uise
and
bu s s
o
sound
as
hey
di e
o
cap u e
p ey.
The
la ened
bodies
o
hese
ba s
allow
hem
o
oos
in
na ow
c e ices
in
ca es,
be ween
ocks,
unde
ba k,
o
in
ee
holes.
Wo ldwide
hey
ha e
become
commensal
wi h
man,
oos ing
by
he
hund eds
igh -
ly
packed
in
iny
spaces
in
he
oo s
o
buildings.
They
a e
muscula
and
agile
a
c awling
o
scu ling
quad upedally.
Du ing
he
day
in
he
oos
hey
become
o pid,
wi h
body
empe a u e
nea
ambien
le els.
They
a e
able
o
open
hei
mou hs
ex emely
wide,
and
when
h ea ened
hey
d aw
back
hei
lips
and
open
hei
mou hs
in
a
e ocious-looking
h ea .
These
a e
he
common
la ge
ba s
ha
ly
swi ly
o e
he
oo ops
o
opical
owns
a
dusk.
La ge
popula ions
in
ca es
eed
on
eno mous
numbe s
o
insec s
and
p o-
duce
guano
and
a e
pa icula ly
bene icial
o
man.
The e
a e
abou
14
gene a
and
90
spe-
cies
wo ldwide,
wi h
10
gene a
in
he
New
Wo ld.
Dog- aced
Ba s
Mo
loss
ops
spp.
Pla e
G,
map
81
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
43-
66;
T
=
21-29;
HF
=
5-11;
E
=
12-
15;
FA
=
30-38;
WT
=
5-16
g.
Uppe pa s
da k
b own,
u
pale
a
base.
Fu
on
o ehead
diminishes
g adually
down
ace
be ween
eyes.
Muzzle
poin ed;
lips
wi hou
olds,
uppe
lip
angles
back
s eeply
om
nose
o
unde sho
mou h;
nos-
ils
se
in
sligh ly
aised
pads
wi h
ha d
uppe
im;
cen e
o
muzzle
la ,
wi hou
idge.
Ea s
simple,
iangula ,
poin ed,
uppe
edges
widely
sepa a ed
on
c own,
each
o wa d
o
eye
when
la ened,
di i-
sion
in o
wo
longi udinal
compa men s
udimen a y,
acco dianlike
sligh
lexible
old
whe e
uppe
edge
o
ea
mee s
head,
lowe
edge
o
ea
no
olded
back.
Tail
abou
40-50%
o
he
leng h
o
head
and
body,
ee
om
memb ane
o
less han
hal
i s
leng h.
Round
gland
on
h oa
p esen
in
males.
Unde pa s
like
back
o
os ed
pale,
o
g ay-b own o
cinnamon,
h oa
some imes whi e.
Species.
The
wo
species
a e
ound
in
lowland
ain o es :
M.
neglec us
is
la ge
(FA
=
36-38;
WT
=
15-16
g)
and
has
da k
unde pa s;
M.
emminckii
is
iny
(FA
=
30-32;
WT
=
4-9
g)
and
has
unde -
pa s
os ed
o
pale
han
back.
Map
81
Simila
species.
Fla -headed
ba s
(Neopla-
ymops
ma og ossensis)
ha e
bumps
on
he
o ea m
and
highly
la ened
body
and
head;
doglike
ba s
(Cynomops
spp.)
ha e
no
ex a
old
a
uppe
edge
o
ea ,
ha
olds
down
s ongly,
o ming
sepa a e
com-
pa men
o e
eye,
and
hai
o
c own
ha
ends
ab up ly
on
a
line;
mas i
ba s
(Mo-
lossus
spp.)
ha e
he
op
o
he
muzzle
aised
in
a
idge.
Na u al
his o y.
M.
emminckii
oos
in
g oups
o
wo
o
h ee
in
hollow
ees,
ock
c e ices,
buildings,
and
ence
s akes.
They
choose
holes
1-3
m
om
he
g ound,
wi h
iny
en ances,
o en
sli s
less
han
2
cm
wide
o
holes
ba ely
la ge
enough
o
he
ba s
o
squeeze
h ough.
They
a e
silen
in
he
oos ,
so
hei
p es-
ence
is
di icul
o
de ec .
They
ly
ou
a
dusk
o
sho
o aging
bou s,
a e
which
hey
e u n
and
es
in
he
oos .
They
e-
quen
ma u e
and
highly
dis u bed
ain o-
es ,
d y
o es ,
a eas
a ound
human
habi-
a ions,
and
ag icul u al
a eas.
Geog aphic
ange.
Sou h
Ame ica:
Guy-
ana,
Venezuela,
Colombia,
Pe u,
Boli ia,
A gen ina,
Pa aguay,
and
B azil
sou h
o
he
Amazon
Basin (M.
emminckii),
o
in
he
Amazon
Basin
(A/,
neglec us).
S a us.
Locally
common
o
a e;
M.
neg-
lec us
is
known
om
only
10
indi iduals,
bo h
species
widesp ead.
Re e ences.
Vizo o,
L.
D.,
and
V.
A.
Taddei.
1976.
No as
sob e
Molossops
em-
minckii emminckii
e
Molossops
plani os-
is
(Chi op e a-Molossidae).
Na u alia
2:47-59.
Mye s,
P.,
and
R.
M.
We zel.
1983.
Sys ema ics
and
zoogeog aphy
o
he
ba s
o
he
Chaco
Bo eal.
Misc.
Pub.
Mus.
Zool.
Uni .
Mich.,
no.
165.
Doglike
Ba s
Cynomops
spp.
Pla e
G,
map
82
Iden i ica ion.
Measu emen s:
HB
=
44-
89;
T
=
22-40;
HF
=
8-13;
E
=
14-
20;
FA
=
30-48;
WT
=
10-42
g.
Uppe pa s
blackish
b own,
ches nu ,
o
o ange-b own,
u
sho ,
da k
o
pale
a
base:
hai
o
c own
ends
ab up ly,
usual-
ly
on
line
be ween
ea s.
Muzzle
b oad,
chin
b oad,
ounded
in
p o ile;
uppe
lip
wi hou
e ical
w inkles,
sligh ly
puck-
e ed
in
o
mee
lowe
lip;
nos ils
like
holes
punched
in
su ace,
no
on
aised
pad,
no
sculp u ed
su ace
a ound
o
be-
ween
nos ils,
op
o
muzzle
be ween
eyes
and
nos ils
la ,
wi hou
aised
cen al
idge.
Ea
ounded,
olded
longi udinally
o
o m
compa men
o e
eye,
when
la ened
o wa d
eaches
midway
om
eye
o
nose;
uppe
edges
o
ea s
do
no
mee
in
cen e
o
o ehead;
ea
edge
o
ea
sligh ly
olded
backwa d,
an i agus
almos
ec angula ,
agus
a
na ow
spike.
Th oa
gland
p esen .
Tail
usually
40-50%
o
head
and
body
leng h.
Unde pa s
da k.
Ba s
(Chi op e a)
89
Map
82
H
Doglike
ba s,
Cynomops
sligh ly
g aye
and
pale
han
back
o
h oa
and
belly
whi ish.
Species.
The e
a e
abou
i e
species;
h ee
occu
in
lowland
ain o es :
C.
ab asus,
medium-sized,
o en
ches nu ;
C.
g eenhal-
li,
small
and
blackish;
C.
plani os is,
medium-sized,
wi h
pale
u
base
and
whi -
ish
unde pa s.
These
species
a e
some-
imes
placed
in
he
genus
Molossops.
Simila
species.
Dog- aced
ba s
(Molos-
sops
spp.)
ha e
poin ed
ea s
and
u
de-
c easing
g adually
down
ace
be ween
eyes;
mas i
ba s
(Molossus
spp.)
ha e
a
aised idge
down
cen e
o
ace.
Na u al
his o y.
Feed
on
insec s.
Doglike
ba s
oos
in
small
g oups
o
up
o
eigh
in
small
holes
in
o ing
ees
in
swamps,
hol-
low
b anches,
ence
pos s,
and
buildings.
M.
plani os is
oos s
a e
1.5-5
m
abo e
he
g ound;
he
ba s
a e
noisy
in
he
oos ,
wi e ing
and
sc ambling
a ound,
especial-
ly
jus
be o e
hey
eme ge
a
nigh .
They
o en
seem
o
o age
a ound
o
o e
ponds
o
swamps,
o
in
clea ings.
Rain o es ,
galle y
o es ,
llanos,
and
sa annas.
Geog aphic
ange.
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ica:
W
coas
o
Mexico
sou h
h ough
all
Cen al
and
Sou h
Ame ican
coun ies
o
Pa aguay.
S a us.
Common
o
a e, widesp ead.
Re e ences.
Vizo o,
L.
D.,
and
V.
A.
Taddei.
1976.
No as
sob e
Molossops
em-
minckii
emminckii
e
Molossops
plani os-
is
(Chi op e a-Molossidae).
Na u alia
2:47-59.