FROM
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OF
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UNIVERSITY
OF
LUND
AND
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ZOOLOGICAL
LABORATORY
OF
THE
AGRICULTURAL,
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AND
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i
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B
M
STUDIES
ON
BATS
AND
BAT
PARASITES
ESPECIALLY
WITH
REGARD
TO
SWEDEN
AND
OTHER
NEIGHBOURING
COUNTRIES
OF
THE
NORTH
I
BY
OLOF
RYBERG
STOCKHOLM
BOKFOKLAGET
SVENSK
NATUR
CONTENTS
I>iige
In oduc ion
VII
Acknowledgemen s
i
Con en s
XIII
Co igenda
and
Addenda
x i
I.
CHIROPTEROLOGICAL
SECTION
1
Chap e
1.
The
G adual
Inc ease
in
he
Numbe
o
Known
Species
and
Subspecies
in
he
O de
o
Chi op e a
1
App oxima e
Numbe s
o
Fo ms
Men ioned
by
Some
Au ho s
2
Numbe
o
Recognized
Fo ms,
Species
and
Subspecies
o
Ba s
3
Chap e
2.
Geog aphical
Dis ibu ion
6
Dis ibu ion
o
Families
.
8
Chap e
3.
Pola
Limi s
18
No he n
Limi s
18
Sou he n
Limi s
21
Ligh
Summe
Nigh s
22
Summe
Tempe a u es
in
Rela ion
o
he
No he n
Limi s
24
Win e
Tempe a u e
and
Hibe na ion
28
Chap e
A.
Al i udinal
Limi s
34
Some Reco ds,
a
High
Al i udes
35
Al i udinal
Limi s
in
Di e en
La i udes
39
PaTallellism
Be ween
Highland
and
Pola
Limi s
40
Chap e
5.
Occu ence
in
Isola ed
Islands
43
Sp eading
o
Isola ed
Islands-
.....:
45
Chap e
6.
Rela ion
Be ween
he
Ba
Faunas
o
he
Old
and
he
New
Wo lds
47
P esum i e
Pa allel
Gene a
51
P esum i e
Pa allel
Species
52
Chap e
7.
Manne s
o
Displacemen
and
Possibili ies
o
Dis ibu ion
54
Fligh
54
Ambula ion
55
Climbing
.
55
Swimming
•
;
..
56
Possible
Synan h opic
Dis ibu ion
60
Ci cums ances
Making
Synan h opic
Dis ibu ion
Imp obable
:..
61
Chap e
S.
Ma king
Expe imen s 63
The
Theo ies
o
Mig a ion
in
he
Ligh
o
he
Ringma king
Resul s
....
66
Re indings
a
G ea
Dis ances
om
he
Ma king-Place
68
Home-Flying
Expe imen s
'.
69
XIII
I'age
Home-Flying
Expe imen s
wi h
Nyc alus
nac ula
SCHREBER
1774
70
Home-Flying'
Expe imen s
wi h
Pleco us
au i us
LINNAEUS
1758
71
Home-Flying
Expe imen s
wi h
Pipisl ellus
pipis ellus
SCHREBER
1774
71
Is
Na u aliza ion
o
Ba s
Possible?
74
Al e na i e
Roos ing-Places
74
Al e na i e
Roos ing-Places
o
Pipis ellus
pipis ellus
SCHREBER
1774
..
76
Al e na i e
Roos ing-Places
o
Nyc alus
noc ula
SCHREBER
1774-
76
Age
De e mina ion
77
Chap e
9.
Species
Occu ing
in
he
No h
79
Nomencla u e
79
Dis ibu ion
o
he
No he n
Species
80
Species
W ongly
S a ed
om he
No h
95
The
Po e y
o
he
No he n
Fauna
97
Chap e
10.
The
Roos ing
Places
o
Ba s
98
Chap e
11.
Social
Ins inc s
113
Chap e
12:
Nu i ion
116
Food,
Feeding
and
D inking
116
Abno mal
Foods
118
Exc e a,
De eca ion
and
U ina ion
122
Chap e
13.
Flying
and
Hun ing,
Hun ing
G ounds
125
Chap e
14.
Sound
P oduc ion
130
Vocal
Sounds
130
Buzzing
Sounds
132
Nasal
Sounds
133
Sounds
in
Connec ion
wi h
Ea ing
and
D inking
133
Cleaning
Sounds
134
Muscula
Sounds
134
Wing
Sounds
134
Chap e
15.
Va ia ion
in
Fe ili y
and
Fi s
Ce ain
Obse a ion
o
T iple
Bi h
in
he
Old
Wo ld
136
De elopmen
and
Fe ili y
in
Nyc alus
noc ula
SCHREBER
1774.
(C .
also
Diag am
I)
136"
-
Doub ul
Reco ds
o
mo e
han
wo
Young
138
Occasional
Occu ence
o
Supe nume a y
(3—4)
Emb yos
139
Reduc ion
in
Fe ili y
and
Numbe
o
Mamdllae
in
Rela ion
o
he
Powe
o
Fligh
142
Fe ili y
in
Di e en
Families
and
i s
Rela ion
o
Numbe
o
Mamillae
and
Types
o
U e us.
[C .
also
Table
I)
142
Geog aphical
Fe ili y
Va ia ion
in
Eu opean
Species.
(C .
also
Table
II)
143
Va ia ion
in
Fe ili y
and
U e in
S uc u e
145
Rela ion
Be ween
Fe ili y
and
Asymme y in
U e in
Func ion
and
S uc u e
146
Rela ion
Be ween
Fe ili y
and
Func ion
o
Female
Sexual
O gans
....
147
Rela ion
Be ween
Fe ili y
and
Mo he s
Age
150
Rea ing
Capaci y
and
De elopmen
in
Di e en
Sized
Li e s
151
Numbe
o
Mamillae
in
Rela ion
o
Fe ili y
151
Occu ence
o
Pubic
Mamillae
and
Mammae
155
Occu ence
o
Mamillae
and
Gynaecomas ia
in
Male
Ba s
157
Chap e
16.
Weigh
159
Weigh
o
Non-P egnan ,
Adul
No he n
Ba s
160
XIV
II.
PARASITOLOGICAL
SECTION
Chap e
17.
Ba
Pa asi es
B eeding
and
Me amo posis
o
Ba
Flies,
Family
Nijc e ibiidoc
(Dip e a
Pupipa a)
Hibe na ion
Leng h
o
Li e,
Sexual
Abili y,
and
Fe ili y
Copula ion
P egnancy
P epa a ions
o
Pa us
Pa us
Ca e
o
he
La a
Pue pe ium
The
La a
"
Pupa ium
The
F esh
Eme ged
Imago
Explana ion
o
Pla es
Pla es
Maps
'.
Explana ion
o
Symbols
Tables
Bibliog aphy
Diag am
Supplemen s
Page
161
161
162
163
163
164
164
165
166
166
167
167
169
172
174
193
249
249
271
277
319
321
x
