In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
Vol. 2, No. 6, June, 2015
ISSN 2383-2126 (Online)
© IJMAE, All Righ s Rese ed www.ijmae.com
584
The Neu oscience o E ec i e Leade ship;
Cul i a ion o a Heal hy Co po a e Cul u e
h ough Neu ochemicals
Joel Wong Xie Zhe1
Cen e o SNHU, HELP College o A s and Technology, Kuala Lumpu ,
Malaysia
Rasyad Yazdani a d
Cen e o SNHU, HELP College o A s and Technology, Kuala Lumpu ,
Malaysia
Abs ac
Leade ship and co po a e cul u e a e highly in luen ial o each o he in he
co po a e wo ld. E ec i e leade ship has de eloped o ganiza ions in o new
heigh s such as inc eased p oduc i i y, be e quali y wo k o ce, highe
p o i abili y and so on. In ela ion o an e ec i e leade ship, neu oscience is an
e ec i e ool o leade s o manage hei o ganiza ion h ough he disco e y o
he human b ain and how neu ochemicals in he human body d i es human
beha io . The p ocu emen o such knowledge could aid leade s o cul i a e a
heal hy co po a e cul u e. This pape mainly alks abou how neu ochemicals
in he human body helps leade s o cul i a e a heal hy co po a e cul u e.
Keywo ds: Leade ship, co po a e cul u e, neu oscience, neu ochemical
Ci e his a icle: Zhe, J. W., & Yazdani a d, R. (2015). The Neu oscience o E ec i e
Leade ship; Cul i a ion o a Heal hy Co po a e Cul u e h ough Neu ochemicals. In e na ional
Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics, 2(6), 584-594.
In oduc ion
In he se en een h and eigh een h cen u y, whe e scien i ic de elopmen was no ha
d as ic compa ed o he scien i ic disco e ies we had oday, managemen heo ies a e
me e ideals and usually a e conside ed as imp ac ical o be applied in o ganiza ions.
Classical managemen heo y is s ongly embedded in mos o he o ganiza ions whe e
leade s a e usually au oc a ic, high up abo e he hie a chy, shows li le conce n o e he
1 Co esponding au ho ’s email: joeel_w@ho mail.com
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
Vol. 2, No. 6, June, 2015
ISSN 2383-2126 (Online)
© IJMAE, All Righ s Rese ed www.ijmae.com
585
well-being o he employees and highly ask o ien ed (Ehiobuche & Tu, 2012). Leade s
o chie execu i es in o ganiza ions back hen we e also e y p o i d i en whe e
any hing ha is no mone a ily p o i able o he o ganiza ion was no gi en any
emphasis. Employees ha a e no pe o ming he way hey should o no making money
o he o ganiza ion was i ed due o he money d i en men ali y o he o ganiza ion's
leade s. This kind o au oc a ic and ask o ien ed leade ship has e y li le emphasis and
conside a ion on he humani y aspec o he employees (Qi, 2010). Unde hese
ci cums ances and wo king en i onmen , employees a e unhappy o hei job and eel
insecu e in he wo kplace. F om a biological pe spec i e, hese unpleasan eelings a e
caused by he p oduc ion o ha m ul neu ochemicals in he body which u he mo e
a ec s he job pe o mance and ocus on he job o he employees. The good news is
ha leade s do ha e he abili y o change he wo king cul u e in he o ganiza ion and
s imula e bene icial neu ochemicals wi hin he o ganiza ion.
O ganiza ional cul u e is o en desc ibed as he pe sonali y o a company, no he
pe sonali y o a single employee bu he pe sonali y o a g oup o people wo king in he
company (Ti an, 2011). Howe e , o ganiza ional cul u e is way mo e han his. I is
basically how hings wo k in an o ganiza ion. How employees communica e wi h hei
manage s, how employe s ea hei employees, how does employees in e ac and wo k
wi h each o he and so much mo e. An o ganiza ion's p oduc i i y and e ec i eness is
closely ela ed o i s wo king cul u e. Cul u e can ei he be ins illed by he op
managemen o sel -gene a ed among he employees. (Diddon, 1999) Bu one hing is
o su e, an o ganiza ion's cul u e is some hing ha can be manipula ed. The
manipula ion o an o ganiza ion's cul u e is mainly ca alyzed by leade s. Hence, he ole
and ac ions o leade s in he o ganiza ion is highly con ibu i e o he cul i a ion o an
o ganiza ion's cul u e.
Fundamen als o neu oscience and neu ochemicals
Neu oscience is he scien i ic s udy o he ne ous sys em in he human body. The
ne ous sys em a ec s he human body in signi ican ways as i has e ec s on how we
hink, eel and beha e (S ua , 2014). Neu oscience has many majo in e disciplina y
b anches such as a ec i e neu oscience, cogni i e neu oscience, beha io al
neu oscience and so on. Neu oscience helps us o unde s and human beha io and
human cogni ion in a deepe sense on a scien i ic basis (Becke , Volk & Wa d, 2015).
Th ough unde s anding he mechanics o how neu ochemicals a e p oduced in he body
and how hese neu ochemicals a ec ou ac ions and hinking, indi idually, employees
could u ilize his knowledge o boos p oduc i i y. Employees could y o hedge he
p oduc ion o ha m ul neu ochemicals and encou age bene icial neu ochemicals o
cul i a e a be e wo king mood wi hin employees, hence, inc eased p oduc i i y.
Fu he mo e, on an o ganiza ional le el, leade s could u ilize hese biological
knowledge o c ea e a heal hy cul u e by implemen ing good o ganiza ional policies and
lead he o ganiza ion in a manne whe e employees a e happy wi h wha hey do and
u he mo e, mo i a ed o wo k he ex a mile.
Neu ochemicals a e o ganic compounds ound in he human body ha mainly
unc ion and pa icipa e in he ne ous sys em. Di e en ypes o neu ochemical ha e
di e en implica ions o he body which will also esul in a di e en ou come in ou
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
Vol. 2, No. 6, June, 2015
ISSN 2383-2126 (Online)
© IJMAE, All Righ s Rese ed www.ijmae.com
586
beha io . Neu ochemicals gene ally comp ise o neu o ansmi e s and o he neu o ic
d ugs ha play hei speci ic oles in he ne ous sys em. The p ominen ypes o
neu o ic d ugs in he human body would be oxy ocin, se o onin, dopamine, co isol,
endo phins and so on (P e ic, 2004). Each o hese neu ochemicals plays a speci ic ole
in he human body which causes us o eac in ce ain ways when he e is an ex e nal
s imulus. The p oduc ion o neu ochemicals d i e human beha io e ec i ely as he
ne ous sys em is di ec ly connec ed o he human b ain. Fo an example, when a
pe son is acing dange o an imminen h ea , he human body would p oduce high
le els o co isol, a ype o neu o ic ho mone whe e he ho mone inc eases he pe son's
hea a e, blood p essu e and suga le el which makes he pe son highly a en i e and
ale o his su ounding en i onmen . In o he wo ds, he pe son is unde s ess when he
is aced by a h ea , an ex e nal s imulus. The p oduc ion o co isol p o ides he body
wi h an ex a boos o ene gy, lowe s he body's immune sys em and le s he body o
ha e a high ole ance o pain. Co isol p epa es a pe son o en e he igh o ligh
mode (P e ic, 2004). Same goes o o he neu ochemicals, each neu ochemical has i s
own e ec s on he human body and he p oduc ion o hese neu ochemicals o
ho mones will be s imula ed by a ious s imulus on a si ua ional basis.
E ec i e Leade ship and Heal hy O ganiza ional Cul u e
Leade ship is gene ally e e ed as he appoin men o a pe son o lead in a g oup o
an o ganiza ion o a ce ain di ec ion and accomplishmen o ce ain asks (Nolan,
2013). The e a e many leade ship s yles and each o hose s yles has hei own p os and
cons. Fo an example, au oc a ic leade ship s yle has he bene i s o as decision
making bu has he disad an ages o neglec ing he humanis ic app oach in he
wo k o ce. Acco ding o he con ingency heo y o leade ship, he e is indeed no bes
way o pe ec o mula o lead a g oup o people o an o ganiza ion (K ige & Seng,
2005). As human beings a e highly complex in na u e, he con ingency heo y o
leade ship shows o be e en mo e app op ia e ha he e is simply no one bes way o
lead. Howe e , he e a e s ill se e al undamen al cha ac e is ics ha a leade mus
possess in o de o lead e ec i ely.
Leade s a e compe en and ambi ious. They a e he highly compe i i e in he ma ke
whe e hey s i e o be a he op o hei game and o be abo e hei compe i o s. When
leade s a e compe i i e, i c ea es a sense o mo i a ion in he o ganiza ion as i
ene gizes he wo k o ce o pe o m and wo k owa ds a common goal. Leade s play he
ole o ene gizing he wo k o ce h ough compe i ion. When he e is no compe i ion in
he ma ke place, he o ganiza ion ends o be complacen in whe e hey a e and as a
esul , job pe o mance may be low. Thus, leade s mus cons an ly se new goals o he
o ganiza ion o keep g owing and o ensu e ha he wo king momen um o he
wo k o ce is no dampened (Baden-Fulle , 2005). Besides, leade s a e ambi ious. They
hink and plan s a egically on how o g ow and expand he o ganiza ion and con e
ha plan in o a long e m ision. Visions a e highly impo an in an o ganiza ion as i is
he common goal ha was men ioned abo e. Vision is some hing isible; i is image y
and se es o gi e pu pose o wha he o ganiza ion is wo king o . An o ganiza ion
wi hou a ision ends o p oduce ine ec i e employees. As employees ail o ind
pu pose in wha hey do, job pe o mance would be poo .
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
Vol. 2, No. 6, June, 2015
ISSN 2383-2126 (Online)
© IJMAE, All Righ s Rese ed www.ijmae.com
587
An e ec i e leade is a good communica o whe e he communica es and engages his
employees o eam in a a ional manne . Communica ion is highly c ucial in an
o ganiza ion as he leade has he esponsibili y o communica e and ins ill he
o ganiza ion's ision and missions o he employees in o de o c ea e a common goal
wi hin he wo k o ce. E ec i e leade s a e open o opinions and b oad minded. They
a e a en i e lis ene s ha lis en o wha hei employees a e ying o con ey.
Fu he mo e, e ec i e leade s che ish and app ecia e employee's ideas and eedbacks.
This will p o ide he wo k o ce a sense o belonging in he o ganiza ion and ends o
p omo e espec o he employees' sel -es eem, c ea i i y and abili y in he wo kplace
(Rosenbusch, 2013). Communica ion on a pe sonal basis is equally impo an oo as an
e ec i e leade is someone who can connec o his employees on a pe sonal le el.
Theo y X is he app oach ha ea s employees like machines and assumes ha he
wo k o ce is lazy in gene al (No d, 1978). The only way o mo i a e and make hem
wo k ha d is h ough penalizing and being ha sh o he employees. This app oach is no
longe p ac ical in he o ganiza ion as humans a e emo ional beings and being
mis ea ed may a ec hei wo king a i ude. E ec i e leade s a e hose who ca e o he
well-being o hei employees. They a e highly a en i e o how hei employees a e
eeling and connec wi h hem by p o iding assis ance and mo i a ion. Rela ionship
o ien ed leade s a e e ec i e leade s and communica o s as he e is a us be ween
employees and hei leade s.
Wi h he p ac ice o wha an e ec i e leade ship undamen ally is, he o ganiza ion
will s a o de elop a heal hy wo king cul u e. A heal hy co po a e cul u e makes
employees com o able in hei wo kplace and ans o ms he wo kplace in o a
conduci e wo king en i onmen . In e sely, a oxic co po a e cul u e ha has a low
humanis ic app oach and ends o dis ega d he well-being o i s employees in he
wo kplace. This ends o discou age he employee's u ge o wo k and e en ually
esul ing in an unsa is ac o y wo king ou pu . Whe eas, a heal hy co po a e cul u e
ends o p oduce happy and sa is ied employees ha a e mo i a ed o pe o m and
commi s hemsel es in o he achie emen o he long and sho e m o ganiza ional
goals. As human capi al is one o he mos p ominen aspec s in an o ganiza ion, he
physical and psychological wel a e o each employee is c ucial and should no be aken
on ligh ly (Nixon, 1994).
Func ions o neu ochemicals in he body
As men ioned abo e, he e a e many ypes o neu ochemicals and neu o ic ho mones
in he human body and each o hese chemicals and ho mones se es a di e en pu pose
and unc ion. P ominen ly, he e a e ou neu ochemicals ha plays a big pa in he
human body and each o hem ela es o how and why employees eac he way hey
eac in he wo kplace. Fo an example, when an employee is p aised by his leade and
is gi en a high expec ancy in his pe o mance, he ends o ha e a be e wo king
ou come. This is also commonly desc ibed as he Pygmalion e ec whe e as an
indi idual is placed unde an expec a ion om a supe io , he gi en expec a ion ends o
imp o e ha indi idual's pe o mance (Lo us, 1995). Howe e , om a biological
pe spec i e, ha indi idual's body is ac ually eac ing o he gi en expec a ion and he
p oduc ion o neu ochemicals in his body is assis ing him o achie e his a ge s and
hus, inc eased job pe o mance.
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
Vol. 2, No. 6, June, 2015
ISSN 2383-2126 (Online)
© IJMAE, All Righ s Rese ed www.ijmae.com
588
The i s p ominen neu ochemical ha is ound in he human body is dopamine.
Dopamine is a neu o ic ho mone and o ganic neu o ansmi e which is unde he amily
o ca echolamine. Dopamine mainly egula es memo y, mood, mo i a ion, sexual
a ousal, o gasm, ea and lea ning (Alexande , Ma hie & Pe e s, 2006). I is mainly
syn hesized om he b ain and p oduced in small doses in o he pa s o he body. The
e ec o dopamine can be b ie ly desc ibed wi h he consump ion o a pe son's a o i e
ood. When he pe son expe iences a pleasan as e om he ood he ea s, he ge s a sho
o dopamine and esul s in he con inua ion o his ea ing. Dopamine is p oduced
whene e he b ain expe iences a new o a o able ac i i y. As he pe son con inues o
be in ol ed in he a o able ac i i y, dopamine le el may a ise. As he e is mo e
dopamine in he sys em, mo e a en ion is gi en o ha pa icula ac i i y which
mo i a es he pe son o keep on doing i . Thus, dopamine is also e e ed as a majo
con ibu o o he ewa d pe cep ion in he b ain. I gi es he indi idual a sense o
accomplishmen whene e an expec a ion is me (Wise, 2004). Fo an example, a
pe son w i es down a o-do lis o he day, and goes on o do wha e e he has o.
Whene e he slashes o one agenda on his o-do lis when he has accomplished wha he
had o do, he ge s a sho o dopamine and he eeling is g ea . Dopamine makes us
happy as i gi es a en ion o wha we alue and mo i a es us o accomplish i .
Fu he mo e, he sense o accomplishmen we ge a e he comple ion o a ask is
p o ided by dopamine. Howe e , dopamine is also he main con ibu o o addic ion. As
we eel good abou some hing we newly expe ienced, we would end o keep doing i
un il we a e sa is ied. Excessi e amoun o dopamine in he body leads us o addic ion
whe e he b ain is p og ammed in a way o make us keep doing a ce ain ask ha we
a o (Wise & Romp e, 1989).
The ollowing p ominen neu o ic ho mone ha is commonly ound in he body is
co isol. Co isol as men ioned abo e is eleased om he ad enal co ex whene e he
pe son is unde s ess o expe iencing a de ici in blood suga le el (Rosmalen, 2008).
When co isol is syn hesized in he body, he immune sys em is empo a ily disabled o
supp essed and he le el o me abolism o a , p o ein and ca bohyd a e is signi ican ly
inc eased. Co isol is no mally known as he s ess ho mone as i se s he body in o
hype ale ness whe e senses and e lexes a e enhanced o ace imminen dange (Mulle
& W angham, 2004). As a pe son is unde s ess, co isol s imula es ad enaline in he
body o p o ide he body wi h ex a ene gy. Simul aneously, unnecessa y p ocesses a e
shu down empo a ily du ing momen s o dis ess as hose p ocesses a e less signi ican
a ha momen . Howe e , co isol also is eleased in he body when a pe son is acing
s ess in he wo kplace. The simila e ec s apply o he pe son excep i he pe son is
unde s ess o a p olonged pe iod o ime, he body may be p one o diseases as he
immune sys em is supp essed. Thus, co isol is he ho mone ha helps us o su i e
unde dange ous si ua ions, bu i could also ha m he body when i does no lea e he
body o a pe iod o ime.
Se o onin on he o he hand is he neu o ic ho mone he gi es he eeling o
happiness and a sense o well-being. Se o onin causes he body o be ocused and
egula es a pe son's sleep, memo y, appe i e, lea ning, moods, body empe a u e and so
on. Se o onin is na u ally inhibi ed in he human body in a small amoun and 90 pe cen
o his chemical is loca ed in he s omach and in es ines (Ha i i & B own, 2006).
Se o onin is p oduced whene e he e is a sense o signi icance o p ide. A low le el in
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
Vol. 2, No. 6, June, 2015
ISSN 2383-2126 (Online)
© IJMAE, All Righ s Rese ed www.ijmae.com
589
se o onin causes anxie y, ea , sel -pi y, s ess, insomnia and in ex eme cases,
dep ession. In he con a y, oo much se o onin in he sys em may be a al o he body as
he body will expe ience high e e , i egula hea bea s o e en ca diac a es .
Howe e , a balanced amoun o se o onin se s he body in o a posi ion s a e whe e sel -
e icacy and sel con idence is high which as a esul helps us o achie e he hings we
wan in li e (Hockaday, 1969). Se o onin is also in ol ed in social anking. When a
monkey is injec ed wi h se o onin, i ends o beha e as i i was an alpha in i s g oup.
This is simply because se o onin inhibi s he igh -o - ligh esponse and inc ease he
monkey's asse i eness o igh o he hings i desi es (Ha i i & B own, 2006).
Because o his scena io, se o onin is also e e ed as he 'leade ship chemical' whe e
leade s no mally possess.
The ou h p ominen neu o ic ho mone ound in he human body is oxy ocin.
Oxy ocin is a powe ul ho mone which is widely ound in mammals, which also
includes human beings. I plays an impe a i e ole in sexual ep oduc ion and
pa icula ly du ing p egnancy and childbi h (Ha a i-Dahan & Be ns ein, 2014).
Oxy ocin is he 'lo e ho mone' as i leads o mu ual us , empa hy, co diali y and
in imacy. I is also he undamen als o pa en al bond whe e a mo he o a a he has o
hei child en. Oxy ocin is s imula ed whene e a pe son is being ca ed o and in e sely,
ca es o o he s gene ously. A lack o oxy ocin in he body may lead o ea and anxie y,
whe eas he exis ence o oxy ocin enhances social bonding, as e a e o healing on
wounds and inc eased gene osi y. Oxy ocin is also u he s imula ed h ough ouch
(Ca e , 2003). Fo an example, wo companies come oge he o s ike a deal o a join
en u e. When he con ac s a e all se and eady o be sign, bo h ep esen a i es om
he espec i e companies would shake each o he 's hand and p oceed o he signing o
he con ac . This simple handshake s imula es a sho o oxy ocin in bo h o hei
sys ems and a sense o us is es ablished. The amazing hing abou oxy ocin is, i is
a ec i e and con agious. People ha does simple ac s o gene osi y ge s a dose o
oxy ocin and he ecei ing end ge s a dose o oxy ocin oo (Weisman & Feldman,
2013). E en mo e, he people ha a e wi nessing he ac ha was being ca ied ou ge s
a dose o oxy ocin oo.
Ha m ul neu o ic ho mones in he wo kplace
Simila ly o he wo kplace, humans eac he way hey do because o he s imula ion
o hese neu ochemicals in he body. Howe e , no e e y neu ochemical is bene icial o
he body, in his case, he o ganiza ion. Leade s play an impo an ole in he
o ganiza ion as hey a e he main s imula o in he o ganiza ion. One o he
neu ochemical ha is bad o bo h leade s and he o ganiza ion is dopamine. I is ue
ha dopamine helps leade s o achie e hings and p o ides hem wi h he mo i a ion
hey need in he wo kplace. Howe e , he w ong usage o dopamine may cause ha m o
he o ganiza ion, which is also a common phenomenon in o ganiza ions nowadays.
O ganiza ion leade s ha a e esul -o ien ed and money d i en is basically poisoned by
dopamine. As men ioned, dopamine di ec ly causes addic ion and like any o he
addic ion, i is di icul o cu b o dampen he side e ec s o dopamine (Schul z, 2013).
P o i d i en leade s alues p o i abo e o he aspec s in he o ganiza ion. Whene e he
o ganiza ion hi s a a ge , he leade ge s a dose o dopamine and he eeling is g ea . In
o de o con inuously eel g ea , he leade would push his employees ha de , ega dless
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
Vol. 2, No. 6, June, 2015
ISSN 2383-2126 (Online)
© IJMAE, All Righ s Rese ed www.ijmae.com
590
o hei well-being. Simila ly o a d ug addic , when he d ug addic is hung y o d ugs,
he would do any hing in his powe o ge hose d ugs e en i i equi es him o spoil
ela ionships wi h amily and iends. Leade s mus be awa e o wha is uly aluable in
he o ganiza ion and keep hemsel es checked whe he hey a e addic ed o p o i .
Besides, ano he nega i e neu o ic ho mone ha may cause ha m in he o ganiza ion
is co isol. The exis ence o co isol in he o ganiza ion c ea es a oxic co po a e cul u e
as e e yone in he wo k o ce a e emo ionally uns able. Desk age no mally occu s
whene e he o ganiza ion has a bad wo king en i onmen o he o ganiza ion is
p ac icing poli ics in an unheal hy manne . The inc ease o co isol in he wo k o ce
keeps hem in a hype ale ness s a e as i hei e y li es a e in dange du ing o ice
hou s. This may cause a dec ease in heal h quali y in he wo k o ce as he esul s o
p olonged exis ence o co isol in he human body leads o diseases. As an employee is
unde s ess and el h ea ened by i s colleagues on a daily basis, his means ha
co isol is p esen in his sys em on a daily basis which may lead o supp ession o he
immune sys em in he body. In ex eme case, co isol may lead o bu nou s o e en
dep ession.
Bene icial neu o ic ho mones in he wo kplace
In he con a y o dopamine and co isol, se o onin is bene icial o o ganiza ions in
many ways. Se o onin is he leade ship chemical as leade s possess wice he amoun o
se o onin compa ed o his subo dina es. Se o onin is also he chemical behind p ide and
happiness. In o de o cul i a e a heal hy co po a e cul u e, he ela ionship be ween
leade s and hei ollowe s is he key. E ec i e leade s a e hose who lead in a manne
whe e his ollowe s a e submissi e o his leade ship and u he mo e, us in his
decisions and ac ions. Simila ly o a oo ball eam, he playe s in a eam played
diligen ly no because o he p ize behind i o he golden ophy. They play a g ea
game diligen ly o win he ophy o he coach. When he eam wins he ophy, hey
ge dose o se o onin and when he coach wi nesses hei ic o y; he ge s ano he dose
o se o onin. This is an example o a good sys em whe e e e yone wo ks in a common
goal and us is es ablished. Fu he mo e, happiness is exis en in he p ocess and he
ou come. In e sely, when a leade does no mee s he expec a ion o his ollowe s,
se o onin is no being s imula e as he e is no ela ionship be ween he leade and his
ollowe s. Besides, simila ly o dopamine, se o onin also inc eases a pe son's job
pe o mance as se o onin spa ks inno a ion, inc eases abili y o sol e complex
p oblems and mos impo an ly i does no leads o any addic ion.
On he o he hand, oxy ocin helps he o ganiza ion o cul i a e a heal hy wo king
cul u e. As men ioned abo e, oxy ocin is he eeling o us . T us is highly c ucial in
any o ganiza ion as wi hou i , he o ganiza ion will be a wa . Wi hou us , employees
would ha e o p o ec hemsel es om possible h ea s om o he colleagues, leade s
may no be able o execu e any ac ions e ec i ely, leade s may no be able o empowe
his employees o execu e simple ask and so on. Whene e he e is a us issue, he
o ganiza ional ision and goals a e immedia ely blu ed as e e yone is busy looking
o e hei back. This is indeed he e y cause o a oxic co po a e cul u e. Howe e , i
leade s in he o ganiza ion ealizes he impo ance o a heal hy wo k o ce and ca es o
he employee's well-being, he leade would be empha ic owa ds mis akes and ailu es.
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
Vol. 2, No. 6, June, 2015
ISSN 2383-2126 (Online)
© IJMAE, All Righ s Rese ed www.ijmae.com
591
A ela ionship-o ien ed leade will be mo e conce ned o e he employee's oubles and
di icul ies a he han he ask on hand. Th ough he ca ing and building o ela ionship
in he o ganiza ion, he e will ce ainly be an inc ease in he le el o oxy ocin in he
wo k o ce (Ha a i-Dahan & Be ns ein, 2014). Employees would ha e a sense o
belonging and sa e y when hey a e in wo k as hey belie e ha hei leade s go hei
back e en when hings go w ong. A simple ac o gene osi y like connec ing and
engaging employees on a pe sonal le el and be conce ned o e hei oubles s imula es
oxy ocin wi hin bo h he leade and he employee. This chain eac ion will e en ually
c ea e a heal hy co po a e cul u e and e e yone would be mo e ocused on hei jobs
and s i e o wo k owa ds he o ganiza ion's common goal.
Discussion
The indings abo e show ha , in o de o o ganiza ions o cul i a e a heal hy
co po a e cul u e, leade s in he o ganiza ion mus s i e o s imula e bene icial
neu ochemicals in he wo kplace. Al hough he e ec s o neu ochemicals a e en i ely
pe sonal, he collec i e s imula ion o oxy ocin and se o onin in each and e e y
employee will g adually help he o ganiza ion o cul i a e a good co po a e cul u e. The
exis ence o oxy ocin in he o ganiza ion is c ucial as i a oids bad poli ics and se s he
whole o ganiza ion in o he igh di ec ion. Besides, an e ec i e o ganiza ion is one ha
p omo es he low o in o ma ion among colleagues and be ween depa men s. Wi hou
us , depa men s will build walls a ound hem and he low o in o ma ion will be
made di icul . On he o he hand, se o onin builds leade s and employees and akes
ini ia i e o do mo e han hey a e supposed o do. Se o onin also enhances he human
body o wo k c ea i ely and made he pe son o be mo e ocus on his job. The mix u e
o bo h oxy ocin and se o onin c ea es a phenomenon whe e leade s delega es and
empowe s hei employees o execu e ce ain ask. Wi h good ela ionship be ween he
leade and he employee, he employee will diligen ly and inno a i ely execu e he
gi en ask as he e is an expec ancy ac o on he employee. The employee would no be
wo king unde oo much s ess as he knows ha his leade has a high accep ance o
mis akes and ailu es. Wi h p ope mindse and a i ude, he employee is able o ca y
ou his ask mo e e icien ly.
In e sely, he mix u e o dopamine and co isol is exac ly wha we would expec
om Wall S ee . In a ypical s ock b oke i m in Wall S ee , he wo king en i onmen
is highly s ess ul. B oke s a e all igh ing o su i al and in he p ocess o winning
cus ome s; employees may ha m o sabo age o he employees o s ay in he
o ganiza ion. This is a ypical example o a oxic co po a e cul u e. This phenomenon is
mainly cause by he expec a ion se by he leade s in he i m. As hey a e en i ely p o i
and money d i en, hei addic ion o numbe s and igu es d i e by dopamine causes
hem o eac in a way whe e hey push hei employees o an ex eme ex end.
Fu he mo e, no ela ionship is es ablished in he wo k o ce as e e yone is only
conce ned o e hei pe sonal in e es . These kinds o i ms a e highly unsus ainable as
he u no e o employees is high and he e is no sus ainable o ganiza ional
commi men in he o ganiza ion.
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
Vol. 2, No. 6, June, 2015
ISSN 2383-2126 (Online)
© IJMAE, All Righ s Rese ed www.ijmae.com
592
Conclusion
The cul i a ion o a heal hy co po a e cul u e ce ainly helps he o ganiza ion o
boos i s pe o mance as he human capi al is ich and he quali y o he wo k o ce is a
a good condi ion. An o ganiza ion may possess a subs an ial amoun o capi al, bu
wi hou he man powe o in o he wo ds employees o pe o m he way hey should, he
o ganiza ion would p obably ob ain a poo pe o mance due o he lack o mo i a ion
wi hin he employees and commi men owa ds he o ganiza ion. Thus, as he
employees a e he main mo e s o an o ganiza ion's ope a ion and also one o he key
de e minan s o he o ganiza ion's success, i is e y essen ial o he managemen eam
o sa is y hei social needs and well-being in he wo k place. Howe e , a ce ain
amoun o dopamine and co isol has i s bene i s o he o ganiza ion oo as i could be a
ool o leade s o push he employees. Same hing ha goes o he o he neu ochemicals
ha we e men ioned abo e, excessi e amoun o any o hese chemicals will also
con ibu e o he cul i a ion o a oxic cul u e. I is bes o iew hese neu ochemicals as
managemen ools whe e leade s can use hem o imp o e he employee's wo k quali y.
Fo o ganiza ions ha ha e a oxic co po a e cul u e, leade s could u ilize he
knowledge o neu oscience and y o s imula e oxy ocin and se o onin wi hin he
wo k o ce. As o o ganiza ions ha lack ision and mo i a ion, leade s could s imula e
a li le dopamine by inse ing ision and goals. Fu he mo e, co isol can be used o
push he wo k o ce and make he employees mo e a en i e. Ul ima ely, i comes back
o how o ganiza ion leade s manage and app oach he wo k o ce. An e ec i e leade
would know wha is bes o he o ganiza ion and balances employee's well-being, a he
same ime place su icien emphasis on he o ganiza ion's p o i abili y.
Re e ences
Alexande , S. P. H., Ma hie, A., & Pe e s, J. A. (2006). Dopamine. B i ish Jou nal o
Pha macology, S32-S32. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706611
Baden-Fulle , C. (2005). E ec i e leade ship. Long Range Planning, 38(5), 423-423.
doi:10.1016/j.l p.2005.07.002
Becke , W. J., Volk, S., & Wa d, M. K. (2015). Le e aging neu oscience o sma e
app oaches o wo kplace in elligence. Human Resou ce Managemen Re iew, 25(1),
56-67. doi:10.1016/j.h m .2014.09.008
Ca e , C. S. (2003). De elopmen al consequences o oxy ocin. Physiology &
Beha io , 79(3), 383-397. doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(03)00151-3
Diddon, D. C. (1999). Assessing he o ganiza ional lea ning capaci y o schools.
Uni e si y o To on o, Canada. 211.
Ehiobuche, C., & Tu, H. (2012). Towa ds The Rele ance o Classical Managemen
Theo ies and O ganiza ional Beha io . Pape p esen ed a he ASBBS Annual
Con e ence: Las Vegas, 19(1) 310.
