Co esponding au ho : R Vignesh
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A s udy on he consequence o co po a e domina ion on li elihood o u al people in
Dindigul Dis ic
V Seema 1, R Vignesh 1, *, L Meena 2, H Samuel Tha a aj 1, G Si a aja 3 and V Umamaheshwa i 4
1 Depa men o Ru al Indus ies and Managemen , School o Managemen S udies, The Gandhig am Ru al Ins i u e
Deemed o be Uni e si y, Dindigul Dis ., Tamil Nadu, India.
2 Depa men o MBA, Fa ima College (Au onomous), Madu ai Dis ., Tamil Nadu, India.
3 Depa men o Business Adminis a ion (SF), Thiaga aja College, Madu ai Dis ., Tamil Nadu, India.
4 Depa men o Business Adminis a ion, S .An onys College o A s and Sciences o Women, Thama aipadi, Dindigul Dis .,
Tamil Nadu, India.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(01), 4210-4215
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 26 Feb ua y 2025; e ised on 05 Ap il 2025; accep ed on 07 Ap il 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.26.1.1096
Abs ac
This s udy examined he co po a e-led indus ializa ion a ec s he li elihoods o u al communi ies in he SIDCO egion
o Dindigul dis ic , Tamil Nadu. Using a desc ip i e-analy ical app oach, he s udy looks in o he socio-economic and
en i onmen al dimensions o apid indus ial g ow h, ocusing on aspec s like job c ea ion, skill de elopmen , and
esou ce managemen , while also conside ing men al heal h challenges, pollu ion, and en i onmen al deg ada ion. Da a
we e collec ed h ough s uc u ed ques ionnai es dis ibu ed o 77 pa icipan s, yielding a di e se ange o insigh s.
The quan i a i e analysis e ealed ha while indus ial g ow h enhances job oppo uni ies, daily wages, and skill
de elopmen , i also exace ba es men al heal h p oblems, pollu ion, and esou ce deple ion. Di e en pe spec i es on
heal hca e access and en i onmen al imp o emen s we e obse ed, which highligh s he need o mo e a ge ed policy
in e en ions. By connec ing he indings wi h exis ing li e a u e on u baniza ion and indus ializa ion, his s udy
emphasizes he necessi y o c a ing sus ainable indus ial policies ha balance economic bene i s wi h social and
en i onmen al well-being.
Keywo ds: Indus ializa ion; Ru al Li elihoods; En i onmen al Impac ; Socio-Economic De elopmen ; Sus ainabili y
S a egies
1. In oduc ion
The apid indus ializa ion o u al a eas in India has had a p o ound impac on bo h socio-economic condi ions and
en i onmen al ac o s(Ramesh, 2022). A p ime example o his ans o ma ion is he Dindigul dis ic in sou he n Tamil
Nadu, pa icula ly h ough i s indus ial hub, he Small Indus ies De elopmen Co po a ion (SIDCO)(Su esh e al.,
2023). In ecen decades, his egion has seen a signi ican ise in indus ial ac i i ies, making i a c ucial case o
explo ing he b oade implica ions o co po a e in luence on u al li elihoods(Seema, 2022). While indus ial g ow h is
o en associa ed wi h economic de elopmen , i also b ings challenges ela ed o en i onmen al sus ainabili y, social
equi y, and esou ce managemen (Kah amanoglu e al., 2022). This esea ch aims o assess he e ec s o swi
indus ializa ion on he li elihoods o u al popula ions in he Dindigul dis ic , ocusing on bo h en i onmen al and
socio-economic aspec s. The s udy will seek o iden i y he en i onmen al epe cussions o indus ial expansion, such
as pollu ion, esou ce deple ion, and heal h conce ns(Aga wal & Behe a, 2022). Fu he mo e, i will examine how
indus ializa ion a ec s he li elihoods o u al communi ies in e ms o job oppo uni ies, income le els, and men al
heal h. This esea ch employed a desc ip i e amewo k, ga he ing p ima y da a h ough s uc u ed ques ionnai es
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(01), 4210-4215
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sen o a ep esen a i e sample o indi iduals a ec ed by indus ializa ion in he SIDCO a ea o he Dindigul
dis ic (Sysoe a e al., 2022). We collec ed 77 esponses ha showcased a a ie y o pe spec i es on impo an issues
like access o heal hca e, job oppo uni ies, pollu ion, men al heal h, and en i onmen al deg ada ion. The da a analysis
was ca ied ou quan i a i ely, wi h esul s p esen ed h ough pe cen age dis ibu ions and ba cha s o p o ide a clea
iew o public sen imen and eme ging ends(Handayani e al., 2023). The me hodology emphasized desc ip i e
s a is ics o o e an objec i e e alua ion o he complex impac s o indus ializa ion in Dindigul(Tha a aj, 2024).
The analysis o he collec ed da a e eals a complex ela ionship be ween indus ial g ow h and i s impac on u al
communi ies(Bhaska an, 2023). While indus ializa ion has c ea ed job oppo uni ies and inc eased wages, i has also
b ough abou challenges ela ed o men al heal h, en i onmen al sus ainabili y, and he deple ion o na u al
esou ces(Vignesh and Sounda apandian). The esul s o his s udy highligh he need o policymake s o de elop
s a egies ha econcile he economic bene i s o indus ial expansion wi h he possible social and en i onmen al
consequences(Melo e al., 2020). By cla i ying hese impac s, his esea ch p o ides aluable insigh s ha can guide
u u e indus ial de elopmen in u al a eas, os e ing g ow h ha is bo h sus ainable and ai (Tha a aj & Hao ei,
2020). This s udy d aws on exis ing li e a u e o place i s indings wi hin he b oade con ex o u baniza ion and
indus ializa ion in India, unco e ing simila ends and challenges aced in o he egions(Ahamad & Pandey, 2015). In
conclusion, his esea ch o e s a comp ehensi e unde s anding o how indus ializa ion shapes he u al landscape and
a ec s he li elihoods o people in he SIDCO a ea o Dindigul dis ic .
Objec i es o s udy
• To Iden i y he En i onmen al Impac s o Rapid Indus ializa ion.
• To Examine En i onmen al Sus ainabili y and Resou ce Managemen Amid Indus ial G ow h.
2. Me hodology
This esea ch employs a desc ip i e amewo k o explo e he impac s o apid indus ializa ion on a ious socio-
economic and en i onmen al aspec s(Koshchee e al., 2021). Da a we e collec ed om p ima y sou ces h ough a
s uc u ed ques ionnai e dis ibu ed o a ep esen a i e sample o pa icipan s(Hao ei e al., 2023). The esponden s
included indi iduals who a e ei he di ec ly o indi ec ly in luenced by apid indus ializa ion in he SIDCO a ea o
Dindigul dis ic . A o al o 77 esponses we e ga he ed, ensu ing a wide ange o pe spec i es wi hin his con ex . The
ques ionnai e included mul iple-choice ques ions ha assessed opinions on 12 key ac o s, such as heal hca e access,
en i onmen al condi ions, men al heal h, pollu ion, job c ea ion, and esou ce deple ion. The esponses we e hen
analyzed in e ms o absolu e coun s and pe cen ages, p o iding a comp ehensi e unde s anding o opinion
dis ibu ion(Pa naik, 2018). Da a we e o ganized in o ables o cla i y and isualiza ion, wi h esul s p esen ed
h ough ba cha s and pe cen age analyses o highligh ends and co ela ions(Abhishek & Biswas, 2022). The
me hodology emphasizes quan i a i e analysis, enabling an objec i e e alua ion o he complex e ec s associa ed wi h
indus ializa ion(Sengup a & Chak abo y, 2022). The use o desc ip i e s a is ics allows o a clea in e p e a ion o
indings while main aining he necessa y dep h o explo e in ica e dynamics(A h eya, 2022). This app oach p o ides
aluable insigh s o policymake s and s akeholde s aiming o balance indus ial de elopmen wi h social and
en i onmen al p io i ies.
3. Re iew O Li e a u e
Singh, Abha Lakshmi, and Mansoo Alam Siddiqui (2008) ca ied ou a s udy o assess how u ban expansion a ec s
u al a eas, pa icula ly looking a he loss o ag icul u al land and i s shi o non-ag icul u al uses. Thei esea ch
included a comp ehensi e su ey o a ound 130 illages, along wi h ques ionnai es and in e iews. The esul s showed
ha he u ban popula ion has inc eased i e imes, while he u ban a ea has g own six imes. As a esul , ag icul u al
lands a e being inc easingly con e ed o esiden ial de elopmen , which is causing signi ican damage o he na u al
landscape nea he ci y(Singh & Siddiqui, 2008).
Apu ba abe, Ghosh, and Ina (2007) ca ied ou a s udy on he dynamics o slum dis ibu ion in Kolka a, ocusing on he
spa ial a ia ions linked o slum g ow h. Thei esea ch seeks o pinpoin he mean cen es o slum popula ions,
highligh ing a signi ican end o slum expansion owa ds he ou ski s o he ci y(Ghosh & Ina, 2007).
Saxena (2009) discusses he di icul ies ha he u ban poo in India ace conce ning wa e supply. In slum a eas, he
si ua ion is pa icula ly se e e, as esiden s do no ha e access o wa e p o ided by he go e nmen . Ins ead, hey o en
eso o illegally apping in o municipal wa e lines. These slums a e ypically loca ed in pollu ed and unsani a y
condi ions, which disp opo iona ely a ec women and child en. The la e equen ly miss impo an educa ional
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(01), 4210-4215
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oppo uni ies because hey a e asked wi h collec ing wa e . Li ing in hese ci cums ances also leads o ex a expenses,
as esiden s ha e o pay in o mal endo s o wa e , c ea ing bo h a inancial s ain and an oppo uni y cos . While he
communi y is bo h willing and able o pay o a eliable wa e supply, go e nmen suppo is s ill lacking(Guchhai &
Dasgup a, 2009).
Mish a, R. N. and Sha ma, Pawan Kuma (2007) explo ed he unc ional pa e ns o owns in Rajas han. The unc ions
o a own play a c ucial ole in shaping i s mo phology and a e essen ial o u ban li e. This esea ch lays a s ong
g oundwo k o egional de elopmen planning. A key aim o he pape was o classi y all u ban cen es in Rajas han
based on hei unc ional oles. The owns we e di ided in o ou dis inc ca ego ies: e y highly specialized, mode a ely
specialized, and less specialized owns. The s udy highligh ed signi ican di e ences in he dominan unc ions and hei
dis ibu ion h oughou he egion(Mish a & Sha ma, 2007).
Sas y, G. S. (2008) examined he pa e ns and challenges o u baniza ion in Ka na aka. The shi om p ima y o non-
p ima y economic ac i i ies has been d i en by changes in esou ce a ailabili y and en i onmen al condi ions. The
s a e's ad an ageous loca ion has played a key ole in p omo ing indus ial and comme cial g ow h, which in u n has
ueled u baniza ion. Mo eo e , he de elopmen o in as uc u e has been essen ial o his u ban expansion(Sas y,
2008).
Guchhai , Sana K. and Abhik Dasgup a (2009) explo ed he spa ial dis ibu ion and zoning o u ban unc ions in he
no heas e n pa o Kolka a. Thei s udy ocused on he unc ional classi ica ion o owns wi hin he Kolka a
me opoli an a ea, p o iding a de ailed analysis o municipal uni s. They examined he unc ional ela ionships by
sequen ially plo ing co ela ion alues among neighbou ing municipali ies. Addi ionally, hey illus a ed he concep
o unc ional cho ology by g aphically ep esen ing Z sco e alues and con e ing loca ion quo ien alues in o Z alues
o his analysis(Guchhai & Dasgup a, 2009).
Table 1 Dis ibu ion o Rapid Indus ializa ion Fac o s
Fac o s
Yes
No
May be
To al
Rapid Indus ializa ion Helps People o Ge Heal h Ca e Facili ies
37
(48.1)
22
(28.6)
18
(23.4)
77
(100)
Rapid Indus ializa ion Imp o es he En i onmen al S uc u e A ound You A ea
37
(48.1)
22
(28.6)
18
(23.4)
77
(100)
Rapid Indus ializa ion A ec s Men al Heal h o You U ban People
24
(31.2)
25
(32.5)
28
(36.4)
77
(100)
I Induces People in Anxie y and S ess
44
(57.1)
33
(42.9)
-
77
(100)
I Inc eases he Noise Pollu ion and O he Pollu ion in You A ea
31
(40.3)
21
(27.3)
22
(32.5)
77
(100)
Rapid Indus ializa ion Wo ks Help You in Job C ea ion / Employmen
43
(55.8)
19
(24.7)
15
(19.5)
77
(100)
I Inc eases he Daily Wages o Employees
54
(70.1)
23
(29.9)
-
77
(100)
Rapid Indus ializa ion Focuses on Skill De elopmen and T aining o Employees
44
(57.1)
18
(23.4)
15
(19.5)
77
(100)
I Fo ces You in o Job Displacemen
44
(57.1)
33
(42.9)
-
77
(100)
Rapid Indus ializa ion Follows G een Job
38
(49.1)
20
(26.0)
19
(24.7)
77
(100)
En i onmen al Deg ada ion has Inc eased Due o Rapid Indus ializa ion
29
28
20
77
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(01), 4210-4215
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(37.7)
(36.4)
(26)
(100)
Rapid Indus ializa ion Causes Any Deple ion o Na u al Resou ces in You A ea
37
(48.1)
17
(22.1)
23
(29.9)
77
(100)
Sou ce: P ima y da a No e: Figu es wi hin pa en heses deno e he pe cen age
Table 1 shows ha 48.1 pe cen o heal hca e esponden s belie e ha indus ializa ion enhances access o heal hca e
acili ies, while 28.6 pe cen disag ee and 23.4 pe cen a e unsu e. A simila pa e n is seen ega ding en i onmen al
s uc u e, wi h 48.1 pe cen iewing indus ializa ion posi i ely and 28.6 pe cen holding opposing iews, indica ing a
spli opinion on he en i onmen al bene i s o indus ial g ow h. The impac on men al heal h is mo e con en ious, as
esponses a y among yes, no, and maybe, wi h 36.4 pe cen exp essing unce ain y. No ably, 57.1 pe cen o
esponden s ecognize ha indus ializa ion con ibu es o anxie y and s ess, highligh ing signi ican men al heal h
challenges in u ban popula ions. The s udy also unco e s a ange o en i onmen al conce ns, wi h 40.3 pe cen o
pa icipan s acknowledging inc eased pollu ion, including noise, while 32.5 pe cen emain unce ain. This dis ibu ion
unde sco es he necessi y o assessing pollu ion con ol s a egies o add ess communi y wo ies. Economically, apid
indus ializa ion is gene ally seen as bene icial, wi h 55.8 pe cen suppo ing job c ea ion and 70.1 pe cen no ing
highe daily wages, illus a ing ha indus ializa ion g ea ly imp o es employmen oppo uni ies and wage g ow h.
Addi ionally, 57.1 pe cen o esponden s belie e ha indus ializa ion p omo es skill de elopmen and aining,
e lec ing enhanced wo k o ce capabili ies, while he same pe cen age also links indus ializa ion o job displacemen ,
highligh ing he complex labou dynamics ha a ise om indus ial g ow h. Rega ding en i onmen al sus ainabili y,
49.1 pe cen iew indus ializa ion as a d i e o g een jobs, while 37.7 pe cen and 48.1 pe cen ecognize
en i onmen al deg ada ion and esou ce deple ion, espec i ely. This iden i ied a nuanced iewpoin , whe e indus ial
bene i s coexis wi h en i onmen al d awbacks. These esul s, displayed h ough bo h absolu e and pe cen age
b eakdowns, o e c i ical insigh s o policymake s. While indus ializa ion suppo s economic g ow h, he esponses
indica e signi ican conce ns abou men al heal h, en i onmen al pollu ion, and esou ce deple ion, s essing he
impo ance o balanced app oaches o sus ainable de elopmen and wel a e wi hin he a ec ed communi ies. This
quan i a i e analysis hus p o ides a da a-d i en ounda ion o s akeholde s aiming o mi iga e nega i e impac s while
le e aging indus ializa ion’s bene i s.
Sou ce: Compu ed om P ima y da a
Figu e 1 Response dis ibu ion o apid indus ializa ion ac o s
Figu e 1 indica es he esponses a e dis ibu ed ega ding di e en ac o s ela ed o apid indus ializa ion in he
SIDCO egion o he Dindigul dis ic . Se e al clea ends can be obse ed om he da a. The e is s ong suppo o
he economic ad an ages o indus ializa ion, wi h many pa icipan s no ing ha i leads o job c ea ion and highe
wages. The posi i e esponses in hese a eas a exceed hose in o he ca ego ies. Addi ionally, he cha indica es a
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(01), 4210-4215
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b oad acknowledgemen o indus ializa ion's ole in skill de elopmen and aining, highligh ed by he p ominen
g een ba ep esen ing his ac o . On he o he hand, he g aph also highligh s signi ican conce ns abou he
en i onmen al and psychological e ec s o indus ial g ow h. The esponses ela ed o anxie y and s ess due o
indus ializa ion show a s ong inclina ion owa ds yes, sugges ing ha men al heal h issues a e p e alen among
esponden s. Opinions on pollu ion- ela ed ac o s, such as inc eased noise and en i onmen al deg ada ion, a e mixed;
while a conside able numbe ag ee, o he s exp ess unce ain y o disag eemen . Mo eo e , he cha illus a es di ided
opinions on ce ain opics, including he impac on heal hca e se ices, en i onmen al heal h, and esou ce deple ion,
wi h a signi ican numbe o esponden s choosing he maybe op ion. This unce ain y indica es ha while some people
see he bene i s o indus ializa ion, o he s a e doub ul o indi e en abou i s o e all e ec s. In conclusion, he cha
p o ides a comp ehensi e isual ep esen a ion o he analyzed da a, allowing o a clea compa ison o pe cep ions
ac oss a ious en i onmen al aspec s. The ange o esponses unde sco es he complex na u e o he impac s o
indus ializa ion, highligh ing he necessi y o balanced policy measu es o maximize bene i s while add essing
communi y conce ns.
4. Conclusion
This esea ch explo ed he mixed e ec s o apid indus ializa ion on u al li elihoods in he SIDCO egion o Dindigul
dis ic , Tamil Nadu. While indus ial g ow h has b ough abou bene i s like job c ea ion, highe wages, and be e skill
de elopmen , i has also in oduced signi ican challenges, such as men al heal h issues, en i onmen al deg ada ion,
and esou ce deple ion. The indings e ealed a complex and o en con adic o y ela ionship be ween economic
p og ess and socio-en i onmen al well-being, unde sco ing he u gen need o balanced indus ial policies. The
quan i a i e analysis shows ha , despi e he ad an ages o indus ializa ion in e ms o job oppo uni ies and imp o ed
daily wages, i o en esul s in job displacemen and heigh ened anxie y and s ess among he local communi y.
While indus ializa ion is seen as a d i e o be e heal hca e access and he de elopmen o g een jobs, he e a e s ill
conside able conce ns abou i s abili y o sus ain en i onmen al heal h and manage na u al esou ces e ec i ely. The
indings show ha he bene i s o indus ializa ion a e no dis ibu ed equally and o en come wi h signi ican
consequences o men al heal h and he en i onmen . The a ied opinions among esponden s highligh he di e en
impac s o indus ializa ion, shaped by ac o s like how close indi iduals a e o indus ial ac i i ies and hei access o
ins i u ional suppo . To ackle hese dispa i ies, policymake s need o adop a holis ic app oach ha p io i izes
sus ainabili y. This s a egy should in ol e implemen ing s ic en i onmen al egula ions, p omo ing eco- iendly
indus ial p ac ices, and c ea ing men al heal h and social wel a e p og ams o mi iga e nega i e e ec s. Ta ge ed
e o s o enhance esou ce managemen and educe pollu ion a e i al o add essing challenges ela ed o
en i onmen al deg ada ion and esou ce sca ci y. This s udy emphasizes he u gen need o sus ainable
indus ializa ion policies ha balance economic ad an ages wi h social equi y and en i onmen al p o ec ion. By
in eg a ing economic, social, and ecological goals, indus ializa ion in u al a eas like Dindigul can os e inclusi e and
esilien de elopmen pa hways ha imp o e he long- e m well-being o communi ies
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
No con lic o in e es o be disclosed.
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