Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) |Sep - 2025
132
1, . . 2
, ,
1 , . ( ,),.
2 ,
, .
Manusc ip ID:
JRD -2025(I)-170931
ISSN: 2230-9578
Volume 17
Issue 9(I)|
Pp. 132-136
Sep . 2025
Submi ed: 9 Aug. 2025
Re ised: 20 Aug. 2025
Accep ed: 20 Sep . 2025
Published: 30 Sep . 2025
:-
.
.
. .
.
,
.
. . .
, .
.
5 % . .
.
.
,, .
.
. .
,
. , ,
,,,,,,,,
. .
.
. 1991
. ,,
.
Quick Response Code:
Websi e:
h ps://j d b.o g/
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.16885235
C ea i e Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
This is an open access jou nal, and a icles a e dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons
A ibu ion-NonComme cial-Sha eAlike 4.0 In e na ional Public License, which allows o he s o emix,
weak, and build upon he wo k noncomme cially, as long as app op ia e c edi is gi en and he new
c ea ions ae licensed unde he iden ial e ms.
Add ess o co espondence:
, , , . ( ,),.
How o ci e his a icle:
, ,(2025).
, Jou nal o Resea ch &
De elopmen , 132-136
O iginal A icle
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) |Sep - 2025
133
.
, .
. ,
.
. .
. 2022-23
22% . .
.
. .
1969 1996 . ....
.
1
.
2
. .
/
.
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
.
.
.
,,, , .
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 .
.
.
.
5.1
. .24 1991
. ...
. .
.
. .
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) |Sep - 2025
134
.
.
5.2
.
. . 536.76
. , ,
. . ,
, , ,
. , , . .
2023-24 .
.
1
239.2
2
155.4
3
130
4
65.78
5
41.24
h ps:/www.pib.go .in
5.3
.
. .
. .
.
2023-24 5% . 2024-25 5.7% .
1) 0.9% 2 ) .59% .
.
1) 2) 3) 4) 5 )
.
, ,,,
. ,
. ,, ,
. .
.
.
1
. .
.
. ,
.
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) |Sep - 2025
135
2
,, .
. , , , ,
, , , .
.
.
.
.
3
. 2024
25% . 1998 .
63 .
.
..
1
2014-15
146.30
2
2015-16
155.49
3
2016-17
165.40
4
2017-18
176.30
5
2018-19
187.70
6
2019-20
198.40
7
2020-21
209.96
8
2021-22
221.06
9
2022-23
230.58
10
2023-24
239.30
11
2024-25
__________
.. h ps:/www.nddb.coop ____h ps:/www.pib.go .in
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) |Sep - 2025
136
63.56% 5.7%...
2021-22. .930 . 2.2% .
25%(2023-24) .
,
1
2
3
4
5
6 .
. .
:-
1) , , ,.
2) , , 2018
3 ) , ,.68,74
:-
1 h ps://www.nddb.go .in
2 h ps://www.pib.go .in
3 h ps:// www.i cndai y.o g
4 h ps://www.wo ldai yexpo.com