Copy igh © ISRG Publishe s. All igh s Rese ed.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17291362
36
ISRG PUBLISHERS
Abb e ia ed Key Ti le: ISRG J Edu Humani Li
ISSN: 2584-2544 (Online)
Jou nal homepage: h ps://is gpublishe s.com/is gjehl/
Volume – II Issue – V (Sep embe -Oc obe ) 2025
F equency: Bimon hly
IMPROVING AND COMPLETING THE STANDARDS FOR STUDENTS IN
VIETNAM TO MEET THE URGENT REQUIREMENTS FROM
EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE
Le T ung Thanh1, Nguyen Hoai Thu2*, Pham Thi Hong Tham3
1, 2, 3 The Vie nam Ins i u e o Educa ional Sciences
| Recei ed: 30.09.2025 | Accep ed: 05.10.2025 | Published: 08.10.2025
*Co esponding au ho : Nguyen Hoai Thu
The Vie nam Ins i u e o Educa ional Sciences
Abs ac
Du ing he pe iod when child en's physical condi ion is cons an ly changing, si ing a a sui able desk is an impo an ac o o
help child en de elop physically. Howe e , acco ding o he calcula ion da a, he cu en s uden desks and chai s a e showing
many sho comings such as small desks and chai s, lowe han he physical condi ion o s uden s. This s udy, h ough a su ey o
he cu en physical condi ion o Vie namese s uden s; compa es he s anda ds o s uden desks and chai s o see he sho comings
in he design o desks and chai s o s uden s. In addi ion, he s udy also poin s ou he equi emen s o changing s uden desks
and chai s and p oposes di ec ions o adjus ing desks and chai s o sui he physical condi ion o Vie namese s uden s oday. The
esul s show ha he cu en size o desks and chai s s ill has many sho comings; he design o desks and chai s is no lexible;
he e is a lack o size o la ge s uden s; he echnical s anda ds a e no sui able... his opens a new di ec ion o esea ch on he
ela ionship be ween he physical condi ion o s uden s and he cu en size o desks and chai s; he ela ionship be ween lea ning
e iciency and com o in s uden s' si ing pos ue.
Keywo ds: modula , online lea ning, pandemic, skills, coping mechanism.
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17291362
37
1. In oduc ion
In e e y class oom, s uden desks and chai s a e no only lea ning
aids bu also play an impo an ole in shaping si ing pos u e,
heal h and knowledge abso p ion e iciency. A sui able se o desks
and chai s will c ea e a com o able pos u e, ensu e concen a ion,
and help s uden s de elop comp ehensi ely bo h physically and
men ally. On he con a y, i desks and chai s do no mee he
equi emen s, s uden s a e p one o p oblems such as scoliosis,
myopia and o he diseases (Milanese, S., & G imme -Some s, K.,
2011).
School desks and chai s a e basic ools, di ec ly a ached o
s uden s h oughou he lea ning p ocess. Fo s uden s, he ole o
desks and chai s becomes e en mo e impo an because his is he
s age when hey a e a an impo an physical de elopmen age and
a he same ime ha e o endu e he g ea es lea ning p essu e. I
he desk and chai do no i he body size, he si ing pos u e will
be cons ained and uncom o able, making s uden s quickly i ed,
a ec ing hei lea ning esul s. On he con a y, when he desk and
chai a e sui able, s uden s can easily concen a e, w i e quickly
and accu a ely, and limi a igue du ing long lessons.
Conside ing he ole o desks and chai s in he lea ning p ocess o
s uden s, some s udies show ha :
The sui abili y o desks and chai s will ensu e he si ing
pos u e: Desks and chai s o sui able size help s uden s
si up s aigh , wi h a easonable dis ance be ween eyes
and no ebooks (25-30 cm), he eby educing he isk o
school myopia and scoliosis - wo common heal h
p oblems a his age (Milanese, S., & G imme -Some s,
K., 2011).
Sui able o an h opome ic cha ac e is ics o pube y: In
high school, s uden s ha e a clea di e ence in heigh
(males a e usually 1.65–1.80 m, emales 1.55–1.70 m)
(Thuy Hang, Bich Thanh, Tue Nguyen, 2023). A anging
di e se sizes o ables and chai s (especially om size 5,
6 and ecommended size 7) helps mee he needs o
physical de elopmen , limi discom o and a ec body
shape.
Aes he ic educa ion and scien i ic s udy habi s: Tables
and chai s wi h easonable design and scien i ic
a angemen will con ibu e o aining s uden s in he
habi o si ing in he co ec pos u e, nea ness, and a he
same ime c ea e an aes he ic, o de ly and mode n
class oom en i onmen (T a My & Hai Dang, 2023).
Con ibu e o o ming a heal hy human esou ce:
S uden s a e he u u e wo k o ce. Taking ca e o he
desk and chai oday con ibu es o building a heal hy
young gene a ion wi h enough physical s eng h o s udy
and wo k o a long ime (Thanh Xuan, 2023). In
Vie nam, Join Ci cula No. 26/2011/TTLT-BGDĐT-
BKHCN-BYT was issued o egula e he s anda ds o
desks and chai s in schools. Howe e , a e mo e han a
decade o applica ion, many sho comings ha e a isen,
especially when he physical condi ion o s uden s has
changed signi ican ly and he equi emen s o mode n
educa ion a e inc easingly high. This equi es imely
adjus men s o sui eali y.
Resea ch me hods
The esea ch is ca ied ou h ough a numbe o me hods as
ollows:
Theo e ical esea ch: he esea ch syn hesizes, compiles, compa es
and con as s documen s egula ing cu en s anda ds on desk and
chai sizes o Vie namese s uden s oday. In addi ion, he esea ch
also syn hesizes seconda y da a sou ces o supplemen he esul s
o his esea ch.
P ac ical esea ch: he ques ionnai e is used o be e unde s and
he needs and desi es o s uden s ega ding cu en desks and chai s
in schools, and a he same ime, su ey he opinions o eache s
and educa ional adminis a o s on he size o desks and chai s o
s uden s oday.
An h opome ic measu emen s: he sample will be selec ed
acco ding o he c i e ia o body shape, heigh , and weigh o
s uden s, he eby inding he a e age indexes o s uden s wi h he
aim o ha ing be e ecommenda ions on he size o desks and
chai s o s uden s.
S a is ical analysis: his me hod is used o p ocess he esul s
ob ained om p ac ical su eys h ough ques ionnai es.
2. Resea ch esul s
S uden s a e cha ac e ized by apid physical de elopmen and a e
e y ac i e. They a e always eady o pa icipa e in all ac i i ies
and hei ac ions and ges u es du ing his pe iod a e also e y as .
The e o e, achie ing he posi ion o ables and chai s as well as he
design o ables and chai s is impo an .
Ci cula 26/2011 o he Vie namese Go e nmen egula ing he
cu en s anda ds o s uden ables and chai s has e ealed many
sho comings. Compa ed wi h in e na ional s anda ds such as
EN1729 (Eu ope) and GOST 11015-93 (Russia), Resea ch on
s anda ds TCVN 3981:1985 - Uni e si ies - Design s anda ds,
TCVN 4602:2012 - Voca ional Colleges - Design s anda ds,
Vie nam's able and chai s anda ds clea ly show many
sho comings, no sui able o he physical condi ion o oday's
lea ne s.
To see mo e clea ly he p oblems ha need o be sol ed in he
design o s uden desks and chai s in Vie nam oday, le 's look a
he esul s below:
2.1 Analysis o cu en s anda ds on he size and
a angemen o s uden desks and chai s
Vie namese s anda ds TCVN 7490: 2005 and TCVN
7491: 2005
In he ace o he cu en si ua ion o s uden desks and chai s s ill
ha ing inapp op ia e sho comings, in 2006, he Minis y o
Science and Technology signed Decision No. 150/QD-BKHCN
da ed Feb ua y 7, 2006, p omulga ing TCVN 7490: 2005 and
TCVN 7491: 2005 d a ed by he Ins i u e o Occupa ional
Medicine and En i onmen al Hygiene, wi hin he amewo k o he
implemen a ion o he s a e-le el scien i ic esea ch p ojec unde
he KC10 p og am "Resea ch on school diseases and disabili ies
ela ed o E gonomics and solu ions o imp o emen ", wo
Vie namese s anda ds we e issued in 2005, which a e “E gonomics
- P ima y and Seconda y School desks and chai s - basic size
equi emen s acco ding o s uden an h opome ic index” and
“E gonomics - a angemen o s uden desks and chai s in he
class oom”. Regula ions on desks and chai s a e shown in he able
below:
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17291362
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Table 1: P ima y and seconda y school desk and chai sizes acco ding o Vie namese s anda ds 7490: 2005
Pa ame e (cm)
Size
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
Chai heigh H2
26
28
30
34
37
41
Sea dep h B2
26
27
29
33
36
40
Sea wid h D2
23
25
27
31
34
36
Table heigh H1
45
48
51
57
63
69
Table and chai heigh di e ence
19
20
21
23
26
28
Table dep h B1
45
45
45
50
50
50
1 sea e able
60
60
60
60
60
60
2 sea e able
120
120
120
120
120
120
Sou ce. Ci cula No.26/2011/TTLT-BGDĐT-BKHCN-BYT
Table 2: A angemen o desks and chai s in p ima y and
seconda y school class ooms acco ding o Vie namese s anda ds
7491: 2005
G ade
Table and chai sizes
Ra e (%)
1
Size I
Size II
Size III
25
60
15
2
Size II
Size III
60
40
3
Size II
Size III
Size IV
25
62
15
4
Size II
Size III
Size IV
8
53
39
5
Size III
Size IV
32
68
6
Size III
Size IV
Size V
10
67
23
7
Size IV
Size V
45
55
8
Size IV
Size V
Size VI
20
70
10
9
Size IV
Size V
Size VI
10
65
25
Sou ce. Join Ci cula No. 26/2011/TTLT-BGDĐT-BKHCN-BYT
guiding s anda ds o desks and chai s o p ima y, seconda y and
high schools.
Table 3a. Regula ions on able and chai sizes and codes
acco ding o s uden heigh g oups
Size
Code
S uden heigh (cm)
I
I/100 - 109
100 - 109
II
II/110 - 119
110 - 119
III
III/120 - 129
120 - 129
IV
IV/130 - 144
130 - 144
V
V/145 - 159
145 - 159
VI
VI/160 - 175
160 - 175
Sou ce. Ci cula No.26/2011/TTLT-BGDĐT-BKHCN-BYT
Table 3b. Basic size egula ions o ables and chai s
Pa ame e (cm)
Size
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
- Chai heigh
26
28
30
34
37
41
- Sea dep h
26
27
29
33
36
40
- Sea wid h
23
25
27
31
34
36
- Table heigh
45
48
51
57
63
69
- Table and chai heigh di e ence
19
20
21
23
26
28
- Table dep h
45
45
45
50
50
50
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17291362
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Pa ame e (cm)
Size
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
- Table wid h
+ 1 sea e able
60
60
60
60
60
60
+ 2 sea e able
120
120
120
120
120
120
Sou ce. Ci cula No.26/2011/TTLT-BGDĐT-BKHCN-BYT
Regula ions on desk and chai sizes and s uden heigh g oups in
Ci cula No. 26/2011/TTLT-BGDĐT-BKHCN-BYT a e basically
in acco dance wi h TCVN 7490-2005 s anda ds. In addi ion, he
Ci cula also s ipula es: design, colo , ma e ial, and s uc u e o
desks and chai s. Ci cula 26 clea ly s a es he s anda ds o size,
ma e ial, s uc u e, design, colo , and a angemen o desks and
chai s in class ooms o each g oup o s uden s a all h ee le els:
p ima y, middle, and high school. Speci ically, desks and chai s
a e designed sepa a ely and ha e no mo e han wo sea s. Desks
mus be a anged wi h space o school supplies in acco dance wi h
he design s uc u e. Chai s may ha e back es s o no , depending
on he age o he s uden s. In pa icula , he sa e y and aes he ics o
s uden desks and chai s ha e been paid a en ion o. To acili a e
lis ening o lec u es, iewing he boa d and o sui he heigh o
s uden s, he basic dis ances o a anging ables and chai s in he
oom a e also speci ically egula ed. The Ci cula also p o ides
speci ic pa ame e s on s uden heigh and s anda d sizes, able and
chai heigh , a angemen o ables and chai s in he class oom, e c.
The s anda ds ha Ci cula 26 aims o a uni ied s anda d o
con ibu e o p o ec ing s uden s' heal h and inc easing lea ning
e iciency. Because in educa ional ac i i ies, si ing pos u e akes
up mos o he ime s udying and li ing a school. The e o e, he
use o "non-s anda d" desks and chai s o s uden s o many yea s
has no only a ec ed he o ms o eaching and lea ning ac i i ies,
hinde ing he imp o emen o educa ion quali y, bu also especially
led o school diseases such as: la ches , scoliosis, hunchback,
myopia, in he long un will a ise spinal pain, spinal degene a ion,
unbalanced body de elopmen , will cause unnecessa y physical
disabili ies o s uden s and bad consequences o u u e labo .
2.2 Some sho comings in he cu en design o ables and
chai s h ough a su ey o he cu en si ua ion
Ci cula No. 26/2011/TTLT-BGDĐT-BKHCN-BYT basically
ollows he TCVN 7490-2005 s anda d, which is he s anda d o
ables and chai s o s uden s a h ee le els: p ima y, middle and
high school wi h di e en sizes o s uden s wi h heigh s om
100cm o 175cm.
Some issues a e aised as ollows:
The ime o issuance o he ci cula was 20 yea s ago.
This is oo long a pe iod o ime because du ing his
pe iod, human physique has changed a lo .
The end owa ds mode n socie y, people a e
inc easingly de eloping, Vie namese child en a e no
excep ion. S a is ics in 2024, he a e age heigh o
Vie namese men inc eased by 3.7 cm and women
inc eased by 1.4 cm. Howe e , he egula ions on he
size o desks and chai s ha e no changed in he pas 20
yea s.
No mally, desks and chai s in schools a e uni ied
acco ding o a ce ain size. S uden s do no ha e he
choice o si a a desk ha is sui able o hei heigh and
weigh . Fo s uden s who a e alle o sho e han
a e age, his is a big disad an age, di ec ly a ec ing
hei heal h and indi ec ly a ec ing hei lea ning
e iciency.
Speci ic in o ma ion abou he sho comings shown h ough he
su ey is as ollows:
a) Inadequacies in he size o desks and chai s:
Ci cula 26/2011 s ipula es he heigh o desks size 6 (69 cm) o
s uden s om g ade 8 o g ade 12. This s anda d is based on TCVN
7490:2005, only applicable o s uden s wi h heigh om 160 cm o
175 cm. Howe e , in eali y, he a e age heigh o Vie namese
s uden s, especially in high school, has inc eased signi ican ly:
12 h g ade male s uden s ha e a common heigh o 170 cm o 180
cm, some e en exceed 180 cm. 12 h g ade emale s uden s usually
each om 160 cm o 170 cm; Fo s uden s o e 175 cm all, a 69
cm desk heigh is oo low, causing an uncom o able si ing
posi ion, leading o a igue, back pain and educed concen a ion.
In ac , many classes in some locali ies we e su eyed such as Son
La, Quang Ninh, Nghe An, Thanh Hoa, Ho Chi Minh Ci y and
Long An. A su ey a Nguyen Thi Minh Khai High School, wi h
2099 s uden s and 51 classes, showed ha he numbe o s uden s
o e 175 cm all was 154, accoun ing o 7.3% o he school's
s uden s. This shows ha 7.3% o s uden s a e no using he igh
size o desks and chai s o hemsel es.
b) In lexible design
Regula ions on ixed desk and chai sizes o each heigh g oup
make i di icul o schools o se e classes wi h s uden s o
di e en heigh s. I is no ed ha he di e ence in s uden heigh s is
la ge, leading o inconsis en desks and chai s o ha ing o use
inapp op ia e desk and chai sizes. Ci cula 26 does no ha e
egula ions on ypes o s uden desks and chai s designed o
inc ease o dec ease in heigh o sui he physical condi ion o
s uden s, making i con enien o pu chasing and using.
c) Technical s anda ds a e no ye speci ied
The angle o he able op and he back es o he chai – ac o s
ha di ec ly a ec he si ing pos u e – a e no ye speci ied in
de ail. Regula ions on ma e ials, colo s, and s uc u es o ables and
chai s a e s ill gene al and lack speci ici y, making i di icul o
manu ac u e s and educa ional ins i u ions o choose s anda d
p oduc s.
d) Lack o consis ency wi h o he s anda ds
The egula ions in Ci cula 26/2011 a e no consis en wi h o he
school design s anda ds, such as TCVN 8793:2011 (P ima y
schools) and TCVN 8794:2011 (Seconda y schools). This leads o
di icul ies in a anging ables and chai s in class ooms wi h
di e en sizes.
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17291362
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e) Lack o sizes o all s uden s
Cu en ly, he s anda d o gene al ables and chai s does no ha e
sui able sizes o s uden s alle han 175 cm, o cing schools o use
subs anda d ables and chai s o cus om-made ones, which is cos ly
and di icul o manage.
2.3 Requi emen s o changing desks and chai s o
s uden s
F om he su ey o he cu en si ua ion, he esul s o some
nega i e e ec s om si ing wi h desks and chai s o he w ong
size a e d awn as ollows:
Impac on physical heal h: Many scien i ic s udies ha e shown ha
desks and chai s ha a e no sui able o s uden s' body shape a e
one o he main causes o p oblems wi h he spine and join s;
Desks and chai s ha a e oo high o oo low compa ed o he body
heigh can cause s uden s o bend o e , ha e scoliosis, o
hunchback. Acco ding o a s udy by he Vie nam Ins i u e o
Heal h and En i onmen , he a e o s uden s wi h scoliosis in
schools using subs anda d desks and chai s is up o 50%. This
condi ion, i p olonged, will cause back pain, neck pain, and
ch onic bone and join diseases when hey g ow up. S uden s' desks
and chai s ha a e no sui able o si ing in he w ong posi ion o
oo long will a ec he s uc u e o he spine, leading o de ia ion
o cu a u e o one side.
Impac on ision: When desks and chai s a e no he igh size, he
dis ance om he eyes o he books is no gua an eed, o en oo
close. This makes he eyes ha e o cons an ly adjus , causing eye
a igue, d y eyes and inc easing he isk o myopia. The Wo ld
Heal h O ganiza ion (WHO) ecommends ha he ideal dis ance
om he eyes o books is abou 30-40 cm, his can only be
achie ed when desks and chai s a e o s anda d size.
Impac on concen a ion and lea ning e iciency: When ha ing o
si in an uncom o able posi ion, s uden s will easily be dis ac ed
and ha e di icul y concen a ing on he lec u e. The pain caused
by si ing in he w ong posi ion also makes s uden s eel
uncom o able and i ed, he eby educing he quali y o
knowledge acquisi ion and lea ning e iciency.
Changing s uden desks and chai s is no jus a simple eplacemen
o u ni u e, bu an impo an in es men in he heal h and u u e o
he younge gene a ion. Ci cula 26 s ipula es he size o desks and
chai s acco ding o 6 sizes (s uden s om 100 - 175cm all), bu
has no ye speci ied he size o desks and chai s o s uden s wi h a
heigh o o e 175cm while he cu en physical condi ion o
s uden s has changed a lo .
2.4 P oposed di ec ions o adjus ing desks and chai s o
Vie namese s uden s oday
Based on he abo e esul s, he esea ch eam p oposes he
ollowing di ec ions o adjus ing desks and chai s o s uden s:
Upda e s uden an h opome ic da a. This helps imp o e
he design o desk and chai sizes o sui he cu en
physical condi ion o s uden s.
Da a in TCVN 7490:2005 does no e lec he cu en
heigh o Vie namese s uden s, when many s uden s a e
om 1.70 - 1.85m.
P opose o conduc a new an h opome ic su ey o se e
as a basis o supplemen ing app op ia e desk and chai
sizes. Add mo e desk and chai sizes o s uden s o e
1.75m all, cu en ly he new desk and chai s anda ds
s op a size VI o mee s uden s ≤1.70m.
Need o design size VII (o equi alen ), in which: Chai
heigh : om 48–52 cm; Desk heigh : om 75–80 cm.
Desk-chai dis ance ( e ical dis ance): ensu e 2–4 cm
acco ding o e gonomic ecommenda ions.
Flexible, adjus able design: Encou age he p oduc ion o
desks and chai s wi h adjus able heigh so ha one se o
desks and chai s can be used o many di e en heigh
g oups, o sui he cu en physical condi ion o s uden s,
which has changed a lo since he ci cula was issued.
Requi emen s o e gonomics and school heal h: The
desk su ace needs o ha e a sui able il (5–10° when
eading/w i ing, 15–20° when d awing echnically); The
chai has a cu ed back es ha hugs he spine, educing
he isk o hunchback and scoliosis. The dis ance
be ween he able and he boa d is sui able o ision,
limi ing myopia.
In e na ional s anda d e e ence: Addi ional e e ence
om BS EN 1729-1:2006 (Eu ope) and GOST 11015–93
(Russia) o ensu e ha high school desks and chai s in
Vie nam a e close o in e na ional s anda ds. P io i ize
ac o s o du abili y, sa e y, and en i onmen al
iendliness.
Upda e TCVN 7490:2005 and TCVN 7491:2005 in he
di ec ion o adding new sizes, while encou aging
adjus able desk and chai models.
3. Conclusion and ecommenda ions
Vie namese s uden s oday a e unde going majo physical changes.
The p esc ibed s anda ds o desks and chai s o s uden s a e no
longe sui able. F om he eali y o he inadequacy in he size o
desks and chai s as well as he equi emen s o changing he
cu en desks and chai s o s uden s, managemen le els also need
o ake ce ain ac ions o help s uden s ha e be e si ing and
s udying condi ions.
Adjus ing Ci cula 26/2011 o change he size o desks and chai s
o sui he physical condi ion o oday's s uden s is a necessa y s ep
o ensu e school heal h and imp o e he quali y o educa ion.
Ensu ing s anda d desks and chai s is no only a ma e o in e io
design bu also a co e ac o in p e en ing school diseases and
p o ec ing he long- e m heal h o s uden s. These changes no only
help s uden s si com o ably and s udy e ec i ely, bu also e lec
p og ess in he managemen and design o educa ional acili ies o
c ea e a mo e mode n, iendly and synch onous school
en i onmen . The e o e, om he esul s o his esea ch, he
esea ch eam p oposes: The Minis y o Educa ion and T aining o
Vie nam in coo dina ion wi h o he ele an minis ies and
b anches, issues a new legal documen ( eplacing Ci cula 26)
egula ing desks and chai s o gene al s uden s o sui he cu en
physical condi ion o Vie namese s uden s.
Re e ences
1. Minis y o Educa ion and T aining (2011). Join
Ci cula No. 26/2011/TTLT-BGDĐT-BKHCN-BYT on
s anda ds o school desks and chai s. Hanoi, Vie nam.
2. Minis y o Science and Technology (2005). Na ional
S anda d TCVN 7490:2005 - E gonomics - P ima y and
seconda y school desks and chai s - Requi emen s on
basic dimensions acco ding o s uden an h opome ic
index. Hanoi, Vie nam.
Copy igh © ISRG Publishe s. All igh s Rese ed.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17291362
41
3. Minis y o Science and Technology (2005). Na ional
S anda d TCVN 7491:2005 - E gonomics - A angemen
o s uden desks and chai s in class ooms. Hanoi,
Vie nam.
4. Minis y o Science and Technology (1985). Vie nam
S anda d TCVN 3981:1985 - Uni e si ies - Design
s anda ds. Hanoi, Vie nam.
5. Minis y o Science and Technology (2012). Na ional
s anda d TCVN 4602:2012 – P o essional seconda y
schools – Design s anda ds. Hanoi, Vie nam.
6. Eu opean Commi ee o S anda diza ion (2015). EN
1729-1: Chai s and ables o educa ional ins i u ions –
Func ional dimensions. B ussels, Belgium.
7. Russian Fede al Agency on Technical Regula ion and
Me ology (1993). GOST 11015-93: School u ni u e –
Chai s o s uden s. Moscow, Russia.
8. Milanese, S., & G imme -Some s, K. (2011). E gonomic
u ni u e design o child en and adolescen s: A e iew
o he e idence. Wo k: A Jou nal o P e en ion,
Assessmen & Rehabili a ion, 38(4), 327-335.
9. GOST 11015–93 (1993). School u ni u e s anda d.
Moscow, Russian Fede a ion.
10. GOST 11016–93 (1993). School u ni u e s anda d.
Moscow, Russian Fede a ion.
11. B i ish S anda ds Ins i u ion. (1998). BS EN 1272:1998 –
Fu ni u e. Chai s and ables o educa ional ins i u ions.
London, Uni ed Kingdom.
12. B i ish S anda ds Ins i u ion (2006). BS EN 1729-1:2006
– Fu ni u e. Chai s and ables o educa ional
ins i u ions. Func ional dimensions. London, Uni ed
Kingdom.
13. Thuy Hang, Bich Thanh, Tue Nguyen (2023). School
desks and chai s a e no longe sui able o s uden s'
physique. Thanh Nien Newspape – o um o he
Vie nam You h Associa ion. h ps:// hanhnien. n/ban-
ghe-nha- uong-khong-con-phu-hop- oi- he- ang-hoc-
sinh-185231002224534608.h m
14. T a My, Hai Dang (2023). S uden s su e because hey
a e oo big o hei desks and chai s. Lao Dong
Newspape – Agency o he Vie nam Gene al
Con ede a ion o Labo . h ps://laodong. n/giao-duc/hoc-
sinh-khon-kho- i-lon-qua-kho-so- oi-ban-ghe-
1249770.ldo
15. Thanh Xuan (2023). Regula ions on he size o school
desks and chai s a e no longe sui able o he ac ual
physical condi ion o s uden s. Nhan Dan Newspape -
Cen al agency o he Communis Pa y o Vie nam, he
oice o he Pa y, S a e and people o Vie nam.
h p://nhandan. n/quy-dinh-kich-co-ban-ghe- uong-hoc-
khong-con-phu-hop- oi- huc- e- he- ang-hoc-sinh-
pos 738886.h ml
