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He meneu ic concep in he desc ip ion o he 16 h cen u y Uzbek classical
li e a u e
Tadjibaye Musajan Sabi o ich
P o esso o UzSWLU, Doc o o sciense o Filology
E-mail add ess: musajan s@gmail. u
Abs ac . The a icle ocuses on he he ba ium analysis o he oponymy o ha ime
on he example o he wo k "Bobu noma". Toponymic ma e ials a e suppo ed by
examples om his o ical wo ks. In he p ocess o compa a i e analysis, he dis ibu i e
and a is ic possibili ies o oponyms a e shown.
The abili y o he poe o use linguopoe ic ools in he uby is d awn in o he analysis
o he ba ism. The abili y o he wo d o c ea e and o m concep s is gi en wi h
examples. The possibili ies o poe ic language o c ea e a and he c i e ia o socio-
poli ical ac o in his ega d a e analyzed.
Key wo ds: he ba is ics, oponymy, compound wo d, concep , a o he wo d,
olk language, induc ion, deduc ion, indi idualism, idea, i e, mass, a is ic c ea i i y.
XVI аср ўзбек мумтоз адабиёти баёнида герменевтик концепт
Мусо Тожибоев.
ЎзДЖТУ профессори, филология фанлари доктори (DSC)
E-mail add ess: musajan [email p o ec ed]
Аннотация. Мақола “Бобурнома” асари мисолида ўша давр топонимикасининг
гербаризм таҳлилига қаратилган. Топонимик материаллар тарихий асарлардаги
мисоллар билан мустаҳкамланган. Компаратив таҳлил жараёнида
топонимларнинг дистрибутив ва бадиий санъат имкониятлари имкониятлари
кўрсатилган.
Рубоий воситасида шоирнинг лингвопоэтик воситалардан фойдаланиш маҳорати
гербаризм таҳлилига тортилган. Сўзнинг тушунча яратиш ва шакллантира олиш
хусусияти мисоллар билан берилган. Поэтик тилнинг санъат яратиш
имкониятлари ҳамда бу борада ижтимоий-сиёсий фактор мезонлари таҳлил
қилинади.
Калит сўзлар: гербаризм, топонимика, қўшма сўз, концепт, сўз санъати,
миллий тил, индукция, дедукция, индивидуализм, ғоя, ёлқин, оммавийлик,
бадиий ижод.
Герменевтическая концепция в описании узбекской классической
литературы XVI века.
Мусо Тожибоев.
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Профессор УзГУМЯ, доктор филологических наук
E-mail add ess: musajan [email p o ec ed]
Аннотация. Статья посвящена гербаризмному анализу топонимии того времени
на примере произведения «Бобурнома». Топонимические материалы
подкреплены примерами из исторических работ. В процессе сопоставительного
анализа показаны дистрибутивные и художественные возможности топонимов.
При анализе гербаризма обращается умение поэта использовать
лингвопоэтические средства в рубаи. На примерах приводится способность
слова создавать и образовывать понятия. Анализируются возможности
поэтического языка для создания искусства и критерии общественно-
политического фактора в связи с этим.
Ключевые слова: гербаризм, топонимика, сложное слово, концепт,
искусство слова, народный язык, индукция, дедукция, индивидуализм, идея,
огонь, масса, художественное творчество.
INTRODUCTION
The esea ch scope o he poe ics o Uzbek classical li e a u e is incompa able. I s
esea ch objec s and aspec s co e almos all ea u es o he a is ic p ocess. The
c ea i e he i age o Na oi, Babu , Shabani, Mash ab, Ogahi, Nadi a, U aisi, Muqimi,
Fu qa and many o he classics is dis inguished by he b ead h o he scope o esea ch.
In pa icula , Na oi s udies and Na oikhanism a e p aised o ha ing a wide scale no
only in Uzbekis an, bu also on a global scale. The c ea i e he i age o he classics is
s udied as a whole o as an example o some collec ions and indi idual wo ks. A i s ,
he main ocus o such s udies was on s udying he ideological ea u es o he li e a y
he i age o he c ea o . La e , due o he expansion o he scope o esea ch,
oppo uni ies we e c ea ed o s udy all aspec s o classical li e a u e in ha mony, and
as a esul , in eg a ed iews o a is ic hinking we e o med wi hin he amewo k o
classical wo ks. I is signi ican ha mos o he s udies in his ega d a e ocused on
compa ing he ela ionship be ween a is ic speech and li e a y language.
The memoi "Bobu noma", which is a a e example o Uzbek classic li e a u e, ga e
us a clea pic u e o he poli ical and social en i onmen o i s ime. The mos impo an
easu e o he wo k is he o iginal image o he Uzbek li e a y language o he 16 h
cen u y, de oid o any embellishmen o o he embellishmen s. Babu le his legacy
o us in his wo k wi h all poin s o he poli ical-social, li e a y and linguis ic
en i onmen o he ime.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
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In he analysis o he ex ea u es o Babu 's li e a y he i age, he esea ch o he
me hods he used in he p ocess o o ming he poe ics o he wo k plays an impo an
ole. On he one hand, he wo k "Bobu noma" is a his o ical-memoi wo k, on he o he
hand, i is signi ican because i embodies a numbe o li e a y and a is ic in o ma ion.
Fo ma ion o he ex o he wo k, he me hod o p o iding li e a y and a is ic
in o ma ion in i is unique. The impo ance o "Bobu noma" as a his o ical-memoi
wo k in he gen e o ad en u e no el in e ms o s udying he me hods used by he poe
in he p ocess o o ming he ex o he wo k is incompa able (Bobu Z.M, Babu noma.
-T.: 1989. The examples a e aken om his publica ion) In pa icula , he con ibu ion
o his wo k o he oponymy o Cen al Asia incompa able.
In he ba ium made om he ba ium, he wo d is also a uni ha ca ies he main signs
o he concep in he sense o a big ee. The mos impo an aspec s o ha concep a e
embodied in he wo d. By means o hose edges we disco e he concep ha con eys
he g ea u h ha lies in he bosom o his o y. Mo e impo an ly, we no only cla i y
he exis ing concep , bu we imp o e i , we an asize i . We used linguis ic, componen ,
con ex ual, a ional-ideal, a is ic-ideal, compa a i e, social-diach onic, socio-
synch onous and linguo-p agma ic analysis, compa a i e, social su ey me hods and
p esen ed he concep o he ba ism in he exp ession me hods o he esea ch.
Th ough he ba ism, we c ea e a collec ion o concep s o med o e one o mo e
languages and gene a ions. Th ough he linguopoe ic ea men o he wo ds in he
wo ks o a , which e lec he mos impo an aspec s o ha collec ion, we can achie e
synch onous and diach onic o geome ic de elopmen o ou knowledge abou li e and
exis ence h ough wo ds, concep s, hei con en o o m and meaning.
He e we need o dwell on some in e es ing aspec s o he ba ium and e ymology. In
pa icula , e ymology is p ima ily applied o a single wo d, no o a concep o uni o
concep s. Then he o m and meaning aspec s o wo ds a e s udied mainly wi hin he
amewo k o linguis ic pa adigms.
He ba iaism, as we said abo e, c ea es a comp ehensi e sys em o concep s using he
po en ial o he wo d in a he meneu ic con ex . I can e eal he on ological aspec s o
such g ea scien i ic disco e ies as pho osyn hesis. In his case, i is as i you ha e
s udied o a long ime o achie e some hing and you ha e come close o i , and you
eel i s p esence and p oximi y, bu you canno ind you sel . A he same ime, by
hea ing a wo d o unde s anding i s meaning, i is as i you disco e wi h one impulse
ha g ea disco e y ha you ha e been wai ing o and sea ching o . I is as i he
housand-yea -old u h has suddenly come ue, as i he su ounding da kness has
eceded and he doo o happiness has been opened. You will ha e al eady ound a
scien i ic u h ha you ha e no been able o each o a long ime. I he housand-
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yea scien i ic u hs o mankind, which you a e awa e o he occu ence o his
phenomenon, illumina e you consciousness like a lame, he spa k ha igni es ha
lame is he wo d o concep o he ba ium.
As we men ioned be o e, in he p ocess o analyzing he he meneu ics o a is ic wo k,
a is ic ca ha sis, he language o he wo k, and he poe ics o li e a y li e a u e in
gene al, he mos impo an phenomenon ha is o go en by he esea che o o m he
he meneu ic o he wo k is he i e. We o en con use passion wi h knowledge. Unlike
knowledge, i is he ui o a den a is ic-poe ic hinking; i is achie ed h ough
c ea i i y.
The oponymic in o ma ion p esen ed in he wo k expands he possibili ies o
pe ec ing his he meneu ic idea. Especially, he he ba ium analysis o place names
e eals new aspec s o Uzbek li e a u e, na ional men ali y and e hnology.
The b ead h o Babu 's in e es le el u he inc eases he impo ance o he oponymy
o he wo k. Names o people in he wo k, wi h adjec i es (names o colo s), he wo d
"ga den" is kala, na ohi ken , -zo , -is an, -pu , -s i. -iya, da a, gho , olang, abo , e c.,
a e used wi h he names o plan s and animals, wi h he names o hings, i e s, lakes,
di ches, and wi h compound nouns. Some imes places a e also e e ed o by ibal
names ( o example Chak ak eli – Chak ak p. 32).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Along wi h ci ing he names o he places, Babu desc ibes hei de ini ion and how he
name o he place came abou . He does his wo k di ec ly in he s o y, du ing he e en s,
so ha he his o ical and scien i ic signi icance o he wo k, as a esul , i s a is y
inc eases.
1. W i es abou he Hoda ish s eppe:
Be ween Khojand and Kondibodom, he e is a s eppe, and he e is a season o
Hoda ish. The e is always a hand in his ield. Ma ginongakim is in he eas , i always
goes om he e. Khojandgakim is in he wes , and always comes om he e. The e a e
nigh s. I is said ha se e al de ishes wande ed in his badi a nigh , did no ind each
o he and died saying "Ho de ish, ho de ish", and hey call his badi Hoda ish (p.
7).
Th ough his de ini ion, we lea n ha he place name "Hoda ish" is made up o a
p onoun (ho) and a pe sonal noun (da ish).
2. Place names wi h compound wo ds a e ound in he "noun- e b" scheme: on he
banks o he Sayhun i e , in a place called Takasek e ku, in his espec , he subjec is
a special season).
3. Babu app oaches he de ini ion o place names om all sides. I also ouches on he
e en s ha a e he basis o he eme gence o he e m. He ies o gi e a ull desc ip ion
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o he name o he place: Some people say ha his ield is a ho se mine. Konigil bi u s
in ale his o ies (p. 46). O : They also say Shah isabz because he sp ing dese and he
ci y and he oo and oo will be g een (p. 47).
4. B ings old e sions o place names and new ones compa ing and connec ing o he
e en s ha a e he basis o i s eme gence, indica es which language i is aken om:
Yana Ka shi egion Du kim, Nasa and They also say simila . Say i in Mongolian,
know he Mongolian language o he ca e say agains (p. 47).
5. He compa es and compa es he names o he places, and commen s on he meaning
o he place names: non-Hindus an is called Khu asan, nechukkim, A ab non-A ab is
called Ajam (p. 117).
6. The name o he place is dis inguished by he p onuncia ion o ce ain sounds and
he dialec ical ea u es o he language o he people li ing in a egion: Some imes hey
p onounce gain ins ead o ko , and in his espec , he winne calls his egion
"lamghon" (p. 121).
7. Compound place names desc ibe each componen sepa a ely. I shows he e en ha
is he basis o i s use: I is said ha he shephe d and he shephe d some imes ake his
oad because hey a e d i ing hei locks and he ds wi h his oad and body. They say
ha he A ghan language leads he way (p. 134).
8. Focuses on he subjec ha is he basis o he appea ance o he name o he place,
indica es he loca ion o he subjec . I gi es i s name in he local language and i s
ansla ion in he na i e language: "They call an elephan a wi e, and a ga e is money."
A he exi o his ga e, hey ca e an image o an elephan ...... This is called Kha ipul"
(p. 313).
9. The na u e o he places shows he names o he places whe e p ecipi a ion is mo e
o less. In his ega d, hey say Kohi Sa id. (p. 121).
10. He men ions he bi hplaces o he ule s and he lands whe e hei g a es a e
loca ed, and links hem o he name o he place: "Sul an Mahmud's g a e is in he
neighbo hood o Ghazni, and hey call i Ra za" (p. 126).
921 place names can be ound in "Bobu noma". They a e coun y, egion, ci y names;
owns, illages. Sal s ( ields), pa k names, highlands, illages, bodies, s eppes, dese s,
go ge names, meadows, bands, ko als, uds, o esses, e c. can be g ouped unde he
names o e i o ial uni s.
The obse a ion o he abo e e i o ial di ision o place names and he e olu ion o
he ba ium in he o ma ion o names p o ides ma e ial o he s udy o he s ill
unknown aspec s o he na ional language, na ional li e a u e and his o y. The
de ini ion o place names e lec ed in "Bobu noma" no only enhances he a o he
wo k, bu also inc eases he possibili ies o exp ession h ough i s a chi ec u e.
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Du ing Babu 's dange ous li e, he isi ed many places in Cen al Asia. He s udied he
language, cul u e, lo a and auna o he people. He shou ed ic o y and su e ed de ea .
Such wis s and u ns o li e ound exp ession in his c ea i e he i age. This is a ea u e.
The second is ha he, as a oyal descendan , ecei ed deep knowledge o wo ldly
sciences and was able o analyze hem wi h his alen and abili y, lea ing a e scien i ic
esou ces o he u u e. When we s udy his ly ics om a he meneu ic o a chi ec u al
poin o iew, bo h logically and o mally, we wi ness how his alen and bi e li e
expe ience a e combined in him. Wha is mo e impo an is he powe o language in
he wo ks o he poe who exp essed his ha mony. As an example, we will analyze one
o his ubai.
Ҳар кимки вафо қилса, вафо топқусидир,
Ҳар кимки жафо қилса, жафо топқусидир,
Яхши киши ёмонлиғ кўрмагай ҳаргиз
Ҳар кимки ёмон бўлса, жазо топқусидир.
Whoe e is ai h ul is ai h ul,
Whoe e su e s, will su e .
A good pe son does no see e il
Anyone who is bad is punished.
The analysis o Ruboi's ocabula y in seman ic-s ylis ic he ba ism p esen s us wi h
he ollowing ideological pole. In his ubai, Babu used he possibili ies o he old
Uzbek language pe ec ly o c ea e a ubai capable o con eying a g ea a is ic idea.
No e ha a he cen e o Rubai's a chi ec u e he e a e wo ypes, he i s is ai h ul,
good; he second is ude, bad. In he i s and second s anzas, he combina ion o he
cha ac e is ics o he possesso s is his answe , namely:
Fai h ul - ai h ul,
Ja o - Ja oko .
The a is ic skill he e is ha a pe son is abs ac ed as his cha ac e and equa ed wi h
wo abs ac cha ac e s, c ea ing synonymy unde one name. In he hi d s anza o he
qua ain, he an i hesis is gi en wi h a nega i e cha ge (-ma), which makes i clea
ha he poe always s i es o ela i ize he cha ac e is ic (e il) and says, "A good
pe son should no see e il", ha is, good - good, bu don' be bad, be good. In his
case, he an i hesis o "good" and "e il" is embodied as a gene al symbol o all
posi i e and nega i e quali ies in he wo ld. Behind he wo d "good" i ue,
gene osi y, kindness, cou age, e o , human quali ies a e embodied, and he wo d
"bad" has become he embodimen o wo ld-wide social ca ego ies. Howe e , he
skill ul pen o he poe was able o embody wo simple Uzbek wo ds by means o
syllogism and he ba ium in one place, a he same ime, in he o m o wo b igh
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wo ds. No ex a aining o ocabula y is needed o unde s and he g ea wa e o
ideas hey con ain. I is his simple g amma ical dis ibu ion ha ensu ed he pe ec
success o he wo k.
The whole logic and philosophy o Rubaiyi is e ealed in his las line:
Bad is bad punishmen .
The poe could no do his bes o p o ec his nega i e cha ac e om e il and
punished him.
The schema ic logic and conclusion o Rubai's idea is as ollows:
Wa o - wa o ja o - ja o
(good) (good) (bad) (bad)
Good - bad Bad - punishmen .
The whole discussion is summed up by a single concep - punishmen - h ough hese
ou wo ds (wa a, ja a, good, bad).
CONCLUSION
The he ba ium me hod is o g ea impo ance in e ms o s udying he ex ea u es o
he monumen s o he pas , in o de o ully unde s and hei meaning and essence
h ough he s udy o hei ex possibili ies. Also, he gen e a chi ec u e o he ba ism
ubai disco e s such delica e sec e s o he human spi i ual wo ld ha his a o
disco e y sounds esoundingly h ough he he meneu ic me hod o he meneu ic
he ba ism.
The b igh pages o Z.M. Babu 's li e a y he i age embodying he mos pe ec
examples o Uzbek classic li e a u e and li e a y language in a new in e p e a ion can
be a unique school o skills in he de elopmen o wo ld poe ic hinking.
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Таджибаев М.С. – тел. +99893 3880661
