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UDK: 711.424
ISSUES OF DEVELOPING TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE IN YAKKABOG
DISTRICT
Meliqulo Ghay a Abduga o o ich
Tashken Ins i u e o A chi ec u e and Cons uc ion
Associa e P o esso , PhD
Abs ac . This a icle examines he cu en s a e o ou ism in as uc u e in he
Yakkabog Dis ic . While he dis ic o e s ich na u al and cul u al esou ces, i aces
issues in anspo , in o ma ion access, and se ice quali y. Based on global
expe ience, he s udy sugges s imp o ing in as uc u e, ma ke ing, s a aining, and
a ac ing in es men . I also emphasizes he ole o local communi ies and public-
p i a e pa ne ships in ensu ing sus ainable ou ism de elopmen .
Keywo ds. Yakkabog Dis ic , ou ism in as uc u e, ag o ou ism, in es men clima e,
se ice quali y, b anding s a egy
In oduc ion. The apid de elopmen o he ou ism sec o is cu en ly ecognized as
one o he mos impo an ac o s o economic g ow h. In pa icula , h ough he
de elopmen o local ou ism and he mode niza ion o in as uc u e, i is possible no
only o inc ease economic income, bu also o p ese e cul u al he i age, c ea e new
jobs, and educe in e egional dispa i ies. F om his poin o iew, imp o ing ou ism
in as uc u e in Yakkabag dis ic o Kashkada ya egion, as in all egions o
Uzbekis an, emains an u gen issue [1].
Yakkabag dis ic is loca ed in he sou h-wes o Uzbekis an and is dis inguished by i s
na u al landscape, his o ical monumen s, and adi ional cul u e. The dis ic is ich in
illages wi h ancien his o y, monumen s o his o ical a chi ec u e, healing sp ings, and
na u e ese es. Un o una ely, despi e he exis ing ou is po en ial, he ou ism
in as uc u e in Yakkabag dis ic is s ill no su icien ly de eloped. This has a
signi ican nega i e impac on he economy o he dis ic and he well-being o he
popula ion [2].
In ecen yea s, a numbe o egula o y and legal documen s ha e been adop ed a he
epublican le el o suppo he ou ism sec o . In pa icula , he “Concep o he
De elopmen o Tou ism o 2022–2026”, adop ed by he Resolu ion o he P esiden
o he Republic o Uzbekis an No. PQ–60 da ed Janua y 28, 2022, iden i ies he
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cons uc ion o egional ou ism in as uc u e, he c ea ion o mode n anspo ,
accommoda ion and se ice acili ies as he main p io i y a eas [3]. Based on his
documen , i is necessa y o conduc an in-dep h s udy o he eal si ua ion on he
g ound, iden i y exis ing p oblems and de elop speci ic p oposals aimed a elimina ing
hem.
The cu en s a e o ou ism in as uc u e in Yakkabagh dis ic is mani es ed in he
ollowing: anspo communica ions a e limi ed, ho els and o he accommoda ion
acili ies a e insu icien , and he le el o se ice in mos cases does no mee mode n
equi emen s. This limi s he low o no only o eign, bu also domes ic ou is s. In
pa icula , he lack o necessa y oads and guidance sys ems o each na u al and
his o ical monumen s loca ed in emo e a eas om he dis ic cen e slows down he
de elopmen o ou ism [4].
Also, he po en ial o such ypes o ou ism as ecological, ag o ou ism, and
e hno ou ism has no been su icien ly de eloped. Ru al a eas o Yakkabagh dis ic
can a ac he a en ion o local and o eign ou is s wi h hei unique cus oms, c a
adi ions, and me hods o g owing na u al p oduc s. Howe e , in as uc u al
p epa a ion and a ge ed in es men s a e necessa y o u n his po en ial in o an
economic esou ce [5].
In addi ion, aining pe sonnel a he dis ic le el, imp o ing he cul u e o se ice
p o ision, and applying in o ma ion and communica ion echnologies o ou ism
ac i i ies a e also u gen issues. The inc ease in he numbe o small business en i ies
ope a ing in he dis ic , in pa icula , amily ho els, wo kshops p oducing handmade
sou eni s, and u al ou ism a ms, will se e he sus ainable de elopmen o ou ism
[6].
This a icle analyzes he cu en s a e o ou ism in as uc u e in Yakkabog dis ic ,
iden i ies exis ing p oblems, and pu s o wa d p ac ical p oposals o hei solu ion. A
he same ime, e ec i e app oaches o he de elopmen o egional ou ism a e
ecommended based on in e na ional expe ience. This will expand he oppo uni ies
o u ning Yakkabog dis ic in o an impo an ou is des ina ion no only a he
egional bu also a he na ional le el.
Main pa . The geos a egic loca ion and na u al and clima ic condi ions o Yakkabag
dis ic a e o g ea impo ance o he de elopmen o ou ism. The dis ic is loca ed
in he eas e n pa o he Kashkada ya egion, a he oo o he Gissa idge, whe e he
moun ainous and oo hill elie s c ea e a o able condi ions o he de elopmen o
ce ain ypes o ou ism, in pa icula , ecological, ex eme and heal h-imp o ing
di ec ions. I is in his a ea ha he na u al landscapes and sp ings, clean ai , medicinal
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plan s and mine al wa e s loca ed in illages such as So iyon, Ok epa, Oq abo , Gilan
p o ide oppo uni ies o ou ism di e si ica ion [7].
Ne e heless, he exis ing in as uc u e does no allow o he e ec i e use o hese
ypes o esou ces. The s a e o elec ici y supply, clean d inking wa e , sewage
sys ems and oads in many se lemen s is no up o s anda d. This educes ameni ies
o ou is s and limi s he abili y o local esiden s o ea n income om p o iding
se ices. Typically, mode n se ices (ho els, es au an s, guides, sou eni shops, e c.)
should be a ailable nea ou is a ac ions. In Yakkabog, many links in his
in as uc u e chain ha e no ye been o med [8].
T anspo in as uc u e - especially he quali y o oads leading o illages wi hin he
dis ic - is an impo an ac o in he de elopmen o ou ism. Many illages wi h
ou is po en ial in Yakkabog dis ic ha e di icul y a ac ing ou is s due o he lack
o p ope oads and signpos s. Many se lemen s can only be eached using special
echnical means, which limi s he con enience o anspo and inc eases he ime o
each ou is a ac ions [9].
The s a e o he esiden ial in as uc u e wi hin he dis ic is also no ewo hy. A
p esen , he numbe o egis e ed ho els in Yakkabag dis ic is insu icien [10]. The
homes o mos u al esiden s a e no eady o ecei e ou is s, and he houses do no
ha e condi ions ha mee sani a y and hygienic equi emen s. The e o e, i is necessa y
o alloca e subsidies om he s a e o he es ablishmen o amily ho els, and o
conduc ainings o he local popula ion in his ega d [11].
The ou ism po en ial o Yakkabag dis ic is di ec ly ela ed no only o he na u al
landscape and clima e, bu also o cul u al he i age si es. The e a e ancien ombs,
sh ines, mosques and mausoleums, a chi ec u al monumen s he e, which can se e he
de elopmen o pilg image ou ism. Howe e , many o hem a e in need o es o a ion,
a e no documen ed o a e no egis e ed as ou is si es. The popula ion i sel does no
ha e su icien knowledge abou he ole o hese si es in ou ism. This si ua ion leads
o he o ma ion o a passi e a i ude owa ds ou ism in socie y [12].
The po en ial o ag o ou ism in Yakkabog is also no ewo hy. The dis ic ’s popula ion
is mainly engaged in ag icul u e, animal husband y, and ga dening. This is a good
oppo uni y o show ou is s he local way o li e, adi ional c a s, and ood p oduc ion
p ocesses in an expe imen al way. Local b ands – o example, Yakkabog i icul u e,
beekeeping p oduc s, ine shoo s, d ied ui s, and handic a s – can s eng hen he
ou ism economic sec o . Howe e , he necessa y logis ics chains and ma ke ing
in as uc u e o ma ke ing, ce i ica ion, and con enien p esen a ion o hese
p oduc s o ou is s a e insu icien [13]. In addi ion, he le el o digi aliza ion o
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ou ism in Yakkabog dis ic is also low. The e is no enough in o ma ion on he
In e ne abou ou is acili ies, des ina ions, accommoda ion acili ies, and se ices in
he dis ic . Many acili ies a e no ma ked on Google Maps o o he pla o ms. Mode n
echnologies such as QR codes, audio guides, elec onic maps, and online booking
sys ems ha e no been implemen ed. This si ua ion is a se ious obs acle o choosing
Yakkabog, especially o o eign ou is s [14].
Also, he lack o in o ma ion cen e s, s ands ma king ou is des ina ions, indica o s,
in o ma ion bookle s, and a uni ied b anding concep de eloped a he dis ic le el,
which a e impo an o ou ism de elopmen , indica es he unde de elopmen o he
ma ke ing in as uc u e. The e is li le ad e ising ac i i y a he dis ic le el, and
con en on social ne wo ks is almos non-exis en . A sepa a e con en ma ke ing
s a egy should be de eloped o p omo e Yakkabog ou ism [15].
One o he p oblems is he lack o quali ied pe sonnel o he ou ism sec o a he
dis ic le el. The e a e ew specialis s specializing in guiding, ou ism managemen ,
ho el se ices, es au an se ices, guide p epa a ion and o he se ice sec o s. A he
same ime, he exis ing pe sonnel a e o en no ully p epa ed, hei knowledge o
o eign languages, and se ice cul u e a e insu icien . In his ega d, i is necessa y o
open aining cen e s in he dis ic , and s eng hen coope a ion wi h educa ional
ins i u ions in he ield o ou ism a he egional and epublican le els [16].
The lack o clea and open in o ma ion on he de elopmen o ou ism in he dis ic
o en ep eneu s and in es o s, he chao ic p ocess o ou is zoning and land
alloca ion limi he in es men clima e. As a esul o he lack o widesp ead
in o ma ion on s a e bene i s, subsidies, and ax b eaks, many en ep eneu s do no
include his sec o in hei business plans. This si ua ion indica es he weakness o
go e nmen -business-socie y coope a ion a he dis ic le el [17].
Te i o ial social in as uc u e – namely, medical, secu i y, communica ion, cleaning
se ices – also di ec ly a ec s ou ism de elopmen . The e may be p oblems wi h he
a ailabili y o medical acili ies in some moun ainous a eas wi hin he dis ic , he
p esence o zones whe e mobile communica ion does no wo k, and he a ailabili y o
escue se ices in case o eme gencies. These si ua ions c ea e se ious isks in e ms o
ou is sa e y and educe he ou is a ac i eness o he Yakkabag dis ic [18].
To elimina e he abo e p oblems, an in eg a ed app oach o he de elopmen o ou ism
in as uc u e in he Yakkabag dis ic is necessa y. This app oach p ima ily includes
a comple e egis a ion o ou is esou ces loca ed in he dis ic , hei condi ion
assessmen , analysis, and he c ea ion o an open da abase on digi al pla o ms. A e
ha , he o ma ion o ou ism clus e s based on e i o ial planning, i.e., he join
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planning o se e al ou is acili ies in one a ea, he oads connec ing hem, he se ice
chain, anspo , in o ma ion, and secu i y sys ems [19].
Key issues and p oposals based on an in eg a ed app oach o ou ism
in as uc u e in Yakkabag dis ic
№
P oblem a ea
P oblem desc ip ion
P oposed solu ions
1
T anspo
in as uc u e
Roads a e o poo
quali y, moun ainous
a eas a e di icul o
each, he e a e no signs
Repai o main oads, opening
o new ou es, ins alla ion o
oad signs
2
Accommoda ion
and ho el sec o
The e a e ew ho els,
he e is no in as uc u e
o amily
accommoda ion
Es ablishmen o amily ho els,
alloca ion o subsidies and
g an s
3
In o ma ion and
digi al se ices
The e a e no online
se ices, acili ies a e no
lis ed on he In e ne
C ea ion o QR code maps,
mobile applica ions, online
booking sys ems
4
Human
esou ces
The e a e ew quali ied
guides and se ice s a ,
language skills a e
lacking
Es ablishmen o aining
cen e s, sho - e m ce i ica e
cou ses
5
Ma ke ing and
ad e ising
The e is no single b and,
p omo ion on he In e ne
is weak
C ea ion o a b and concep o
he dis ic , de elopmen o a
con en ma ke ing s a egy
6
In es men
en i onmen
The e is no in o ma ion
on land alloca ion and
bene i s
C ea ion o an open
geoin o ma ion sys em o
in es o s, simpli ied pe mi
sys em
7
Te i o ial
esou ce
planning
The e is no egis e o
ou ism acili ies and
e i o ial analysis
Mapping o ou ism esou ces
based on GIS, clus e -based
planning
In Yakkabagh dis ic , i is impo an o s udy in e na ional expe iences in dep h and
use hem in acco dance wi h egional condi ions as a solu ion o he de elopmen o
ou ism in as uc u e. Fo example, in coun ies such as Geo gia, Tu key o Hunga y,
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ou ism in as uc u e in moun ainous o u al a eas has been de eloped p ecisely by
in ol ing he local communi y. Th ough he “communi y-based ou ism” model,
esiden s o e hei accommoda ion, adi ional p oduc s and se ices o ou is s. This
model can also be success ully applied in many illages o Yakkabagh dis ic [20]. In
pa icula , in illages such as So iyon o Oq abo , economic and cul u al de elopmen
can be achie ed by es ablishing amily ho els, in oducing ou is s o adi ional
cuisine, eco ou ism ma shals, beekeeping o ga dening. To egula e his p ocess, local
khokimiya s, ou ism commi ees, public educa ion and employmen agencies mus
wo k oge he [21].
In addi ion, small in as uc u e p ojec s can be ini ia ed in coope a ion wi h
in e na ional dono o ganiza ions, in pa icula , he Uni ed Na ions De elopmen
P og am (UNDP), he Eu opean Union, and he Asian De elopmen Bank. Fo
example, g an s can be a ac ed o eco-camps, moun ain ou ism cen e s, bicycle
pa hs, sou eni cen e s, and o he acili ies designed o ou ism. Such a p ac ice has
been e ec i e in Geo gia o Kazakhs an and has helped mode nize u al in as uc u e
[22].
The concep o “g een ou ism” - ha is, se ices based on en i onmen al sa e y and
sus ainabili y, which is an in eg al elemen o ou ism in as uc u e in de eloped
coun ies - is also ele an o he Yakkabag dis ic . Elemen s such as he use o
enewable ene gy sou ces (sola panels, bio uels), was e ecycling, en i onmen ally
iendly ehicles, and he cul i a ion o o ganic ood p oduc s can aise ag o ou ism
and eco ou ism in Yakkabag o an in e na ional le el [23].
Issues o b anding and egional iden i y a e also inex icably linked wi h in as uc u al
de elopmen . Since he ou ism po en ial o he dis ic is no su icien ly ep esen ed
on he In e ne , a special b and concep should be de eloped o p omo e i . Fo
example, a websi e, mobile applica ion, ideos, QR maps, and ou is b ochu es can be
p epa ed based on he slogan “Yakkabog is a land o ancien illages in he moun ains.”
I is ad isable o p epa e hese p oduc s in o eign languages and p esen hem a
in e na ional exhibi ions and ou ism ai s [24].
The quali y o ou ism se ices should be con olled h ough a con inuous moni o ing
and e alua ion sys em. Fo his, a “ ou ism se ices quali y index” can be de eloped a
he dis ic le el, which will be e alua ed based on a poin sys em o ho els,
es au an s, anspo , hygiene, sa e y, communica ion and in o ma ion. The a ing o
en i ies pa icipa ing in his sys em should be announced e e y qua e , and hose who
show he highes esul s should be gi en awa ds and p i ileges. This mechanism will
p o ide an incen i e o imp o e he le el o se ice [25].
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I is also e y impo an o de elop a map o exis ing esou ces when planning ou ism
in as uc u e in Yakkabag dis ic . Tou ism esou ces ela ed o each illage, moun ain
ange, i e basin o his o ical si e should be digi ized based on mode n GIS
echnologies, and a single geoin o ma ion sys em should be o med. Th ough his
sys em, all ou ism se ices, oppo uni ies and exis ing p oblems can be moni o ed
online, and an open in o ma ion space can be c ea ed o in es o s and en ep eneu s
[26].
The success o he p oposals o he de elopmen o ou ism in as uc u e a he
dis ic le el depends, i s o all, on poli ical will, inancial esou ces and social
ac i i y o he popula ion. A sepa a e mas e plan o ou ism issues should be
de eloped by local au ho i ies, which should include annual oadmaps, phased
in es men p og ams, a secu i y sys em and moni o ing mechanisms. In his way,
sus ainable in as uc u al de elopmen will be es ablished based on a sys ema ic
app oach, he pa icipa ion o local s akeholde s and public-p i a e pa ne ships [27].
Tou ism in as uc u e based on he p inciples o sus ainabili y will ensu e no only
economic g ow h in Yakkabag dis ic , bu also en i onmen al p o ec ion, p ese a ion
o cul u al he i age, and social s abili y. In his model, ou ism is conside ed no as a
empo a y sou ce o income, bu as he basis o long- e m socio-economic
de elopmen . Each in as uc u al elemen – oad, ho el, ca e ing poin , se ice acili y
– simul aneously bene i s he local economy and s eng hens he social po en ial o he
communi y [28]. Gende equali y and he ole o you h should also be gi en special
a en ion. In many illages o Yakkabag dis ic , women can ac i ely pa icipa e in he
a eas o c a s, cooking, and se ice. By in ol ing hem in he ou ism ecosys em,
economic ac i i y, social s abili y, and amily income can be achie ed. Simila ly,
c ea ing ou ism s a ups o young people, using inno a i e echnologies (AR/VR
ou s, mobile applica ions, con en c ea ion) can inc ease hei employmen and educe
mig a ion [29].
In gene al, he issue o de eloping ou ism in as uc u e in Yakkabog dis ic equi es
a comp ehensi e app oach, adap a ion o local condi ions aking in o accoun
in e na ional expe ience, in eg a ion o public and s a e esou ces, and widesp ead
implemen a ion o in o ma ion echnologies. Th ough ac i e b anding, mode n
managemen , social inclusion, and in as uc u al cla i y, Yakkabog dis ic can be
achie ed o ake a wo hy place no only on he domes ic bu also on he in e na ional
ou ism map [30].
Conclusion. The analysis o he issues o de eloping he ou ism in as uc u e o he
Yakkabag dis ic shows ha , al hough he na u al, cul u al and a chi ec u al esou ces
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a ailable in his egion ha e high ou ism po en ial, he cu en in as uc u al si ua ion
does no allow o he ull use o hese oppo uni ies. The geog aphical loca ion o he
dis ic , he ich na u al landscape, ancien illages, adi ional li es yle and c a
he i age - all his makes Yakkabag a unique place in he a eas o ecological,
e hnog aphic, ag o-cul u al ou ism. Howe e , in o de o build a compe i i e ou ism
sys em based on hese esou ces, i is necessa y, i s o all, o o m a mode n,
sus ainable and in eg a ed ou ism in as uc u e.
A he o e on o he exis ing p oblems is he weakness o he anspo and
communica ion in as uc u e. The oads leading o many ou is si es wi hin he
dis ic a e o poo quali y, anspo se ices a e no sys ema ic, and he lack o oad
signs does no c ea e con enience o isi o s. Accommoda ion and ca e ing
in as uc u e is concen a ed only in cen al a eas, and he e a e e y ew acili ies
eady o ecei e ou is s in moun ainous o emo e illages. Also, he lack o
in o ma ion echnologies and digi al se ices, i.e. he lack o online booking,
in e ac i e maps, mobile applica ions and o he elec onic se ices, limi s he
in eg a ion o Yakkabag dis ic in o he global ou ism ma ke .
A he same ime, he lack o quali ied pe sonnel equi ed o he ou ism sec o , he
low le el o se ice cul u e and he low le el o economic in e es o he popula ion in
his a ea nega i ely a ec he pace o in as uc u al de elopmen . In pa icula , he
need o encou age he pa icipa ion o small businesses and local esiden s in he
ou ism ecosys em, o p o ide hem wi h bene i s and aining p og ams is becoming
u gen .
Based on he abo e, he ollowing concluding p oposals can be pu o wa d:
Imp o emen o anspo and oad in as uc u e: I is necessa y o o e haul he oads
leading o he main ou is acili ies in he dis ic , ins all indica o s, di ec ion signs,
and es ablish ou is anspo se ices wi hin he dis ic .
Expansion o accommoda ion and se ice in as uc u e: S a e g an s and subsidy
p og ams should be in oduced o he es ablishmen o amily ho els, u al ou ism-
based accommoda ion, ecological camps, and local ca e ing es ablishmen s.
In oduc ion o in o ma ion echnologies: A single web pla o m o Yakkabog
ou ism, a mobile applica ion, QR-code maps and audio guide sys ems o ou is s
should be de eloped and implemen ed.
De elopmen o a ma ke ing and b anding s a egy: A isual iden i y, b and slogan,
logo, con en ma ke ing (pho o, ideo, blogs) s a egy speci ic o Yakkabog dis ic
should be de eloped and ac i ely p omo ed on social ne wo ks.
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Inc easing human esou ces capaci y: Sho - e m aining cou ses and semina s should
be o ganized o guides, ho el employees, and se ice p o ide s; a en ion should be
paid o o eign language skills and se ice cul u e.
Localiza ion o in e na ional expe iences: Concep s such as communi y-based ou ism
and g een ou ism should be implemen ed in he Yakkabog egion as an expe imen ,
and join p ojec s wi h dono s should be in ol ed.
Imp o emen o he in es men clima e: Incen i es, land plo s, ax b eaks, and
adminis a i e con eniences should be o e ed o en i ies in es ing in ou ism
in as uc u e; in es o s should be p o ided wi h clea , anspa en in o ma ion in his
ega d.
Ensu ing en i onmen al sus ainabili y: To ensu e ha ou ism in as uc u e p ojec s
do no ha m he en i onmen , i is necessa y o conduc an en i onmen al examina ion,
c ea e a was e managemen , wa e and ai pollu ion con ol sys em.
C ea ing an in as uc u e map based on GIS: A geoin o ma ion sys em should be
in oduced o assis managemen by digi ally mapping all ou ism esou ces,
in as uc u e acili ies and po en ial zones o he dis ic .
I he abo e p oposals a e implemen ed, i is possible o o m a sus ainable, socially
inclusi e and economically e icien ou ism in as uc u e in Yakkabag dis ic . This,
in u n, will se e o di e si y he dis ic 's economy, inc ease employmen , p ese e
cul u al he i age and ensu e ecological balance.
Fully u ilizing he ou ism po en ial o Yakkabag dis ic is an impo an means o no
only inc easing egional income, bu also s eng hening he in e na ional image o he
en i e egion, expanding he low o o eign ou is s and imp o ing he coun y's
ou ism po en ial a a global le el.
LIST OF USED LITERATURE
1. Minis y o Tou ism and Cul u al He i age o he Republic o Uzbekis an. (2023).
P ospec s o he de elopmen o he ou ism sec o in he Republic o Uzbekis an.
Tashken : “Ta akku ” publishing house.
2. Kashkada ya egional adminis a ion. (2022). Yakkabag dis ic socio-economic
de elopmen p og am (2022–2026). Ka shi.
3. Resolu ion o he P esiden o he Republic o Uzbekis an. (2022). “On he Concep
o Tou ism De elopmen in 2022–2026” No. PQ-60, Janua y 28.
