Mul icul u al Educa ion
Volume 11, Issue 10, 2025
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14
The Deg ee o Which Science Teache s in he Uppe Basic S age P ac ice
he Requi ed Roles in Ligh o he Digi al Age Demands amids COVID-19
Fawaz Hassan Shehada, TasneemAlhalalmeh
A icle In o
Abs ac
A icle His o y
Recei ed:
July 06,2025
The p esen s udy aimed o in es iga e he deg ee o which science eache s
in heuppe basic s age p ac ice he equi ed oles in ligh o he digi al
age demandsamids COVID-19.To ha aim, he desc ip i e su ey
app oach was used in addi ion o a ques ionnai e o 30 i ems sp ead o e 3
domains: echnological, social and esea ch, in a o m o scale de eloped
dis inc ly o ga he ing da a. Reliabili y and alidi y o hese i ems we e
e i ied. The sample o he s udy consis ed o (143) male and emale
science eache s. The s a is ical ea men o da a in ol ed using he
means, s anda d de ia ions, and h ee-way MANOVA.The esul s o he
s udy showed ha he deg ee o which science eache s in he uppe basic
s age p ac ice he equi ed oles in ligh o he digi al age
demandsamids COVID-19 pandemicwas mode a e. Technological
domain anked i s wi h a mean o (3.90) and go a high deg ee.Social
domain anked second wi h a mean o (3.31) while Resea chdomain anked
las wi h a mean o (2.54) and bo h go a mode a e deg ee. The indings
also indica ed ha he e we e no s a is ically signi ican di e encesin he
science eache s'p ac ice a ibu ed o he a iableso gende , expe ience
and educa ion sec o . The s udy eached se e al ecommenda ions, he
mos impo an o which is educa ing eache s abou he impo ance o
p ac icing he equi ed oles in ligh o he digi al age demands
amids COVID-19 pandemic.
Accep ed:
Oc obe 08,2025
Keywo ds :
Requi ed Roles, Digi al
Age Demands, Science
Teache s, COVID-19.
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.17296773
In oduc ion
Recen ly he wo ld hasseen a d ama ically accele a ing pace in he de elopmen and adop ion o new
echnologies,big da a analy ics, cloud compu ing, In e ne o hings, obo icsand digi al ans o ma ion which
ha e aised expec a ions on how hese new echnologies will change he u u e o wo k and li e in he digi al
economy.Each pe iod o de elopmen b ings wi h i new challenges o p oducing signi ican change; and
educa ionally, con empo a y socie iesneed o c ea ea new ype o educa ion o g asp he in o ma ion and
communica ion echnology, p o ides lea ne s wi h a c i ical and conscious mind, goes beyond he limi s o ime
and place and doesn’ equi e he p esence o he eache and lea ne s in he same place.
In ligh o he digi al e olu ion ha swep he en i e wo ld,digi al media canno be a oided because hey ha e
become essen ial o su i al. E e y co ne o he wo ld has been eached by his sys em, digi al li e has
enci cled all aspec s o li e, and he de ails o daily li e ha e been ans o med in o digi al p ac ices.
Consequen ly, and due o he massi e echnical e olu ion and he successi e demands o educa ion in he
digi al e a, consensus has g own abou he kinds o changes needed o enhance high-quali y eache s o make
educa ion mo e e ec i e and coexis wi h all global changes, o simula e angible eali y and p omo e c ea i i y
and inno a ion. I has become impe a i e o wo k on p o iding he eache as an agen o changewi h new skills
o adap his p ac ices o be e in eg a e echnology in o he class oom, especially a e he o e whelming
consequences o COVID-19 pandemic, which has sen shockwa es ac oss a ious sec o s one o which is
educa ion (Al-Ghamdi and Ruwaili, 2020).
Many educa ional sys ems in a ious coun ies ha e been nega i ely a ec ed by he cu en global c isis, and
he need has becomeu gen o ely on inno a i e digi al s a egies and e ec i e eaching and lea ning me hods,
in addi ion o enhancing he skills o he academic s a and suppo ing hei shi ing o digi al
educa ion(A ebe y&McEachin, 2020).
2. Li e a u e e iew
Gi en ha digi al a iablesha e playeda i al ole in hisnew e a o inno a ion, he changes a e p o oundly
exci ingand he e is an u gen need o de elop educa ional ins i u ions o keep pace wi h hose changes. This has
esul ed in he eme gence o mode n skills, oles and pa e ns o compe encies ha aim o inc ease he quali y o
educa ional ou pu , ep esen ed in he e ec i e use o inno a ions in he educa ional p ocess(Balawi, 2019).
15
In o de o keep pace wi h hese de elopmen s and challenges, science eache s in he cu en cen u y mus
p ac ice new oles and possess a se o compe encies, o emos o which a e digi al compe encies, so ha hey
can play e ec i e oles in p epa ing o coexis wi h henew challenges and echnologies. Since he mos
impo an ac o in he equa ion is unequi ocally he s uden ! This equi es econside ing bo h he na u e o
oday's s uden and u u e, in addi ion o econside ing he eache 's oles o ace hei new assignmen s and keep
pushing he s uden onwa d as well as upwa d(Anil,2019)
The digi al age is he e a people li e in oday.I is all ad anced de ices and digi al p oduc s ha use compu e s
and o he echnology de ices as medium o communica ion whichclea ly indica es he con ol o digi al means
in he ield o communica ion, p ocessing and exchanging in o ma ion. The digi al e a is cha ac e ized by
echnology ha inc eases he speed and b ead h o knowledge u no e wi hin socie iesand will inc ease as
echnological unc ionali y becomes mo e knowledge-based. I also is cha ac e ized by accu acy andkilling o
dis ances and bo de s, and will ensu ebuilding sus ainable ela ionships wi h bo h echnology and he ad anced
knowledge ha echnology helps o c ea e.
Based on he o egoing, he esea che s conclude ha he eache s' oles in ligh o he digi al
age equi emen samids (COVID-19) a e changing, and so a e expec a ions abou hem, heya e closely ela ed o
he sweeping echnological changewhich calls on expe s o main ain eache quali y and educa ional
e ec i eness.
The pandemic has demons a ed ha ha ing an educa ion and aining sys em which is i o he digi al age is
essen ial. Acco dingly,i is e y impo an o p o ide science eache s wi h aining and o e all le els o digi al
skills and compe ences o mee he equi emen s o he digi al age and o in e ac posi i ely wi h he quali y o
new educa ion.
A ple ho a o esea ch has been conduc ed o in es iga e eache s' oles in he digi al age. Al-
Olayma (2020)ca ied ou a s udy o know he deg ee o which science eache s p ac ice he educa ion
echnology compe encies. The desc ip i e app oach was used, in addi ion o a 31-compe ency ques ionnai e.The
s udy sample consis ed o (150) male and emale eache s in Al-Balqa Go e no a e. S a is ically, means,
s anda d de ia ions, and - es we e used. The esul s indica ed ha he deg ee o which science eache s p ac ice
he educa ion echnology compe encies is mode a e, he esul s also showed ha he e we e no s a is ically
signi ican di e ences in he deg ee o which hey p ac ice he educa ion echnology compe enciesa ibu ed o
gende and expe ience.
Al-Yami(2020) conduc ed a s udy aimed a iden i ying he eali y o emale eache s’ possession o digi al
eaching skills in he wen y- i s cen u y. I also sough o de e mine he deg ee o hei aining needs om
hei poin o iew in public educa ion ins i u ions. The s udy used he desc ip i e app oach, and a 64-i ems
ques ionnai e de eloped and applied o a andom sample o (174) p incipals and (981) emale eache s. The
esul s concluded ha he emale eache s' possession o digi al eaching skills was mode a e, and ha he
aining needs we e e y la ge.
Al-Rasa'i(2017)in es iga ed he compe encies o science eache s in he ield o in o ma ion and communica ion
echnology.The analy ical desc ip i e app oach was used in addi ion o a scale buil o measu e he conce ned
compe encies. The s udy sample consis ed o (163) g adua ed s uden s omscience acul y a Al Hussein Bin
Talal Uni e si y in Jo dan. The esul s e ealed ha he deg ee o eache s' possession o ICT compe encies was
low on he ins umen as a whole.Mo e speci ically, he deg ee was mode a e in he domains o ICT skills and
ICT e hics, while i was low in he domain o ICT cul u e and i s employmen in eaching.
Al-Hayiki(2017) conduc ed a s udy aimed a iden i ying he le el o digi al empowe men in educa ion among
middle school eache s in he Kingdom o Bah ain. The s udy used he desc ip i e app oach and a sample o
(35) eache s dis ibu ed o e i e middle schools. The esul s indica ed ha he le el o digi al empowe men
o middle school eache s was high.
Za agoza, a el., (2019)examined he eali y o compe encies ha eache s need in he digi al age and whe he
hey possess hem o no . The s udy used quan i a i e and quali a i e me hods.(281) school p incipals esponded
o a ques ionnai e and (29) o hem we e in e iewed. The esul s o he s udy e ealed he c i ical need o
oday's eache s o a mix o compe encies ha ha e always been he ma k o a good eache , especially in he
ield o pe sonal compe encies and ela ionshipsMo eo e , he p o essional de elopmen o he eache will
e lec posi i ely on bo h his social and emo ional compe encies and he p ope managemen o he class oom.
S ols e al., (2015)explo ed he pe cep ions o ma hema ics eache s' need o aining ouse echnology in
class ooms in Sou h A ican. The sample consis ed o (22) eache s.Bo h quan i a i e and quali a i e
app oacheswe e used, in addi ion o a ques ionnai e o measu e he deg ee o hei need.The esul s showed ha
he e is a c ucial need o aining on how o use echnology in educa ion oexpand eache s' ma hema ical
knowledge and de elop hei eaching s a egies, since hey lack he necessa y skills o employ echnology in
eaching-lea ning p ocess.
A good body o esea ch, which a ied in scope and objec i es, was e iewed o he pu pose o he s udy.
Some in es iga ed he deg ee o a ailabili y o ICT compe encies among science eache s, such as Al-
Rasa’i(2017).The p esen s udy aimed o explo e he deg ee o which science eache s in heuppe basic s age
16
p ac ice he equi ed oles in ligh o he digi al age demandsamids COVID-19. All p e ious esea ches we e
simila in e ms o using he ques ionnai e as he ins umen o he s udy.
The cu en s udy bene i ed om p e ious s udies in p esen ing and en iching he heo e ical li e a u e,
de eloping he s udy ins umen , de e mining he me hodology used and discussing he esul s. To he bes o
he esea che 's knowledge, his s udy is he i s o i s kind o examine he deg ee o which science eache s a
he uppe basic s age p ac ice he equi ed oles in ligh o he digi al age demands amids (COVID-19)
pandemic.
2.1. P oblem o he s udy
Due o co ona pandemic, he o al closu e o schools in some coun ies is impac ing o e 60% o he s uden
popula ion. In o de o con ain he con agion, many coun ies ha e implemen ed es ic i e measu es o educe
ga he ing and o ma ions o c owds. Schools a e also a ec ed and had o educe hei classes o close en i ely.
Luckily, educa ion did no g ind o a hal , bu i ans o med and mo ed online.The wo ld ha e mo ed owa ds
digi al lea ning, and made dis ance educa ion a basic al e na i e o he ace o ace educa ion.
Educa ional sys ems in a ious coun ies o he wo ld need o hink ou side he box.To app op ia ely swi ch o
online lea ning, h ee equi emen s need o be ul illed: access o he in e ne , he igh echnology, and he skills
and compe encies o use he echnology.
The s udies o yue(2019) and Al-Rasa’i (2017) ecommended ha p e and in-se ice eache s need o possess a
high le el o adequa e digi al compe encies, and o be ained on p ac ical applica ions and p oduce educa ional
ma e ials in a ious disciplines.
Unde he clima e wi h changing lea ning modes in sciencewhich has become a common end globally; i is
ine i able o science eache s in eg a ing in o ma ion echnology in o subjec s o assis in s uden s’ lea ning
wi h eaching ma e ials, eaching me hods, and di e si ied eaching media. The e o e, a en ion should be paid
o de eloping he digi al compe encies o science eache s; o be able o employ echnological applica ions and
digi al lea ning esou ces in eaching; which con ibu e signi ican ly in mee ing a wide ange o goalsand
imp o ing he quali y o he educa ional p ocess. Fu he mo e, i is necessa y o e e y science eache who
wan s o en e he wo ld o educa ion in he digi al age o be awa e o he basic equi emen s, ac s and
challenges ha unde pin his mode n ype o educa ion, in o de o be able o ac ually engage, in eg a e and
c ea e.
Digi alcompe ences a e one o he ways o imp o e eache s' pe o mance, since hey a ec hei beha io ,
imp o e hei pe o mance and help o c ea e ha monious wo k ela ionships.
Acco dingly, he s udy aims o ecognize he mos impo an oles ha science eache s need in ligh o he
digi al age equi emen samids Co ona pandemic h ough answe ing he ollowing ques ions:
1- To wha deg ee do science eache s in heuppe basic s age p ac ice he equi ed oles in ligh o he
digi al age demandsamids COVID-19?
2- A e he e any s a is ically signi ican di e ences (α = 0.05) in he deg ee o science eache s'p ac ice
om hei pe spec i es due o (gende , yea s o expe ience and educa ion sec o ) a iables?
2.2. Signi icance o he s udy
The indings o he s udy a e expec ed o p o ide po en ially signi ican in o ma ion on he impo ance o he
digi al compe encies ha eache s p epa a ion p og ams need, and he ole o hese compe encies in keeping
pace wi h de elopmen s, imp o ing school pe o mance, suppo ing eaching p ac ice and p o iding e ec i e
s a egies and echniques du ing eaching and lea ning p ocess.
I may also con ibu e o he de elopmen o wo ke s' capabili ies and hei possession o
echnologicalcompe encies, especially science school eache s. The s udy is hoped o assis decision-make s in
he educa ional ield o include hese skills in he ield aining o uni e si ies.
The s udy may also bene i science eache s in de eloping hei eaching s a egies, di ec ing hei a en ion o
he impo ance o in eg a ing mode n and e ec i e s a egies in he class oom.Mo eo e , i may also ep esen a
esponse o he changes and de elopmen s o he wen y- i s cen u y ha impose enewal in he skills, abili ies
and compe encies o science eache s.
3. Me hod
The cu en s udy used he desc ip i e su ey app oach, whe eby he deg ee o which science eache s
p ac ice he equi ed oles in ligh o he digi al age demands amids COVID- 19 was measu ed h ough an
ins umen p epa ed by he esea che s a e ex ac ing i s psychome ic p ope ies.
3.1. Pa icipan s
The s udy popula ion consis ed o all science eache s in WadiAsee dis ic in he academic yea 2020-2021 (N
= 313). The s udy sample consis ed o male and emale eache s who we e d awn om he s udy popula ion by
he simple andom me hod (n = 143) and o med (45%) o he s udy popula ion. Table (1) shows he dis ibu ion
o he s udy sample acco ding o i s a iables.
17
Table 1: he dis ibu ion o he s udy sample acco ding o i s a iables.
#
Va iable
N
%
1
Gende
Male
78
54.5
Female
65
45.5
To al
143
100.0
2
Yea s o
expe ience
Less han 5
57
39.9
5-10
39
27.3
Mo e han 10
47
32.9
To al
143
100.0
3
Educa ion
sec o
P i a e
65
45.5
Public
78
54.5
To al
143
100.0
3.2. S udy ins umen
Based on an ex ensi e e iew o he li e a u e and o achie e he objec i es o he s udy, a ques ionnai e was
de eloped o measu e he deg ee o science eache s' p ac ice. I consis ed o hi y pa ag aphs and h ee
domains: echnological, social and esea ch domain. 5-poin like scale was used which esponde s speci y hei
le el o ag eemen o a s a emen ypically in i e poin s: (1) S ongly disag ee; (2) Disag ee; (3) Neu al; (4)
Ag ee; (5) S ongly ag ee.
3.3. Validi y and eliabili y o he ins umen In o de o examine he alidi y o he ins umen s, a panel o
educa ional expe s e iewed he ins umen s. The eam was asked o alida e he con en o he ins umen s
conce ning i s i ems, app op ia eness o he pu poses o he cu en s udy, he language cla i y, and how well
hey ep esen he deg ee o which science eache s in he uppe basic s age p ac ice he equi ed oles in he
digi al age. The eams' commen s and ecommenda ions we e s udied ca e ully and aken in o accoun in
amending he inal e sion o he ins umen The co ela ion coe icien s ( †) o he ins umen i ems we e also
calcula ed as shown in Table 2:
Table 2: The co ela ion coe icien s o he ins umen i ems:
18
Table 2 shows ha he co ela ion coe icien o he i ems anged be ween (0.39 - 0.89). While he co ela ion
coe
icien
on
he
o al
deg
ee
ang
ed
be w
een(
0.32
-
0.79
) ha
was conside ed sui able o conduc he s udy.
The in e nal consis ency o he ins umen domains was also calcula ed as shown in Table 3
Table 3: in e nal consis ency o he ins umen domains
No
Domain
in e nal consis ency
1
Technological
0.87
2
Social
0.78
3
esea ch
0.73
To al deg ee o he ins umen
0.89
Table 3 shows ha co ela ion coe icien o he deg ee o which science eache s p ac ice he equi ed oles
in ligh o he digi al age demands anged be ween (0.73 - 0.87), and C onbach alpha eached 0.89 ha was
conside ed ele an o conduc he s udy.
The science eache s' esponses we e analyzed in e ms o he i e-poin Like scale; (s ongly ag ee, ag ee,
undecided, disag ee, s ongly disag ee wi h he nume ical alues o i e, ou , h ee, wo and one espec i ely)
which was u he ca ego ized in o h ee le els: high, in e media e, and Low deg ees. Mean sco es we e alued
agains he ollowing c i e ia: (1.00 - 2.33 as Weak; 2.34 - 3.67 as in e media e; 3.68 - 5.00 as S ong). The
pe cen age was calcula ed acco ding o he ollowing equa ion: The highes alue – The lowes alue/ca ego y
numbe . In he p esen esea ch, he highes alue was 5; he lowes alue was 1; and he ca ego y numbe s we e
3. Thus, he app op ia e class in e als we e calcula ed as ollows: 5-1/3 = 1.33
Class in e als
Class
1 - 2,33
low
2.34 - 3.67
medium
3.68 - 5.00
high
3.4. Da a collec ion and analysis
In o de o ind ou he deg ee o which science eache s in he uppe basic s age p ac ice he equi ed oles in
ligh o he digi al age demands amids COVID- 19, means and s anda d de ia ions o he s udy sample sco es
we e calcula ed using SPSS s a is ics. To examine i he e a e any s a is ically signi icance di e ences
a ibu ed o gende (male, emale) expe ience (less han 5 yea s, 5-10 yea s, mo e han 10) and educa ion sec o
(p i a e, public) h ee-way analysis o a iance and mul i analysis o a iance we e used.
3.5. S udy p ocedu es
The ollowing p ocedu es we e ca ied ou in he cou se o he s udy:
1- The esea che s e iewed he ela ed li e a u e o na ow he opic and agg ega e he heo e ical and
empi ical esea ch ela ed o he opic.
2- Using o icial co espondence o m o acili a e implemen ing he s udy.
3- The popula ion and sample o he s udy we eiden i ied.
4- The ins umen o he s udy was designed.
5- The alidi y o he ins umen s was es ablished by a ju y o expe s.
6- The eliabili y was e i ied by applying i o a pilo g oup o (30) science eache s.
I em no
( †)
in
domain
( †)
in o al
deg ee
I em no
( †)
in
domain
( †)
in o al
deg ee
I em no
( †)
in
domain
( †)
in o al
deg ee
1
0.39
0.33
11
0.58
0.56
21
0.64
0.44
2
0.41
0.32
12
0.81
0.79
22
0.77
0.61
3
0.52
0.55
13
0.64
0.63
23
0.76
0.72
4
0.72
0.67
14
0.74
0.72
24
0.71
0.50
5
0.70
0.57
15
0.75
0.68
25
0.82
0.75
6
0.64
0.54
16
0.81
0.68
26
0.63
0.66
7
0.76
0.60
17
0.71
0.67
27
0.64
0.44
8
0.89
0.72
18
0.71
0.60
28
0.71
0.67
9
0.68
0.61
19
0.52
0.58
29
0.52
0.55
10
0.71
0.66
20
0.64
0.44
30
0.72
0.67
19
7- Dis ibu ing he s udy ins umen on he s udy sample, which consis ed o (143) male and emale
science eache s in Wadi Al-See Dis ic .
8- The esul s o he s udy we e ob ained h ough app op ia e s a is ical analyses.
9- The indings o he s udy we e analyzed and discussed acco ding o he ques ions o he s udy.
10- The ecommenda ions we e se based o he esul s o he s udy.
4. Resul s and discussion
Resul s o he i s esea ch ques ion
The i s esea ch ques ion sough he deg ee o which science eache s in he uppe basic s age p ac ice he
equi ed oles in ligh o he digi al age demands amids COVID- 19 om hei pe spec i es. In o de o answe
his ques iona quan i a i e analysis was conduc ed o in e p e he esul s ob ained h ough he ques ionnai e, as
shown in Table 4.
Table (4): means and s anda d de ia ions o he s udy ins umen domains and he o e all sco e o he
scale
#
Domain
Mean
S anda d
de ia ion
Rank
Deg ee
1
Technological
3.90
.598
1
High
2
Social
3.31
.671
2
Medium
3
Resea ch
2.54
.857
3
Medium
Ins umen as a
whole
3.24
.528
Medium
Table 4 shows ha Technological domain anked i s wi h a mean o (3.90) a s anda d de ia ion o (.598), and a
high deg ee o p ac ice. Social domain anked second wi h a mean o (3.31) a s anda d de ia ion o (.671) and a
medium deg ee o p ac ice. On he o he hand, Resea ch domain ecei ed he lowes sco e and anked las wi h
a mean sco e o (2.54), a s anda d de ia ion (.857) and a medium deg ee o p ac ice.The deg ee o which
science eache s in he uppe basic s age p ac ice he equi ed oles was medium. The a e age esponse on he
scale as a whole go a mean sco e o (3.24) and a s anda d de ia ion o (0.528) which indica es a medium deg ee
o p ac ice.
Fu he mo e, means and s anda d de ia ions o he esponses on he i ems o each domain we e calcula ed as
ollows:
1- Technological domain : The means and s anda d de ia ions sco es o he esponses on he i ems o
echnological domain we e calcula ed as shown in Table (5):
Table 5: means and s anda d de ia ions sco es o he esponses on he i ems o he
echnological domain:
#
I ems
Mean
S anda d
de ia ion
ank
Deg
ee
1
I use echnology in eaching
4.21
0.85
1
High
2
I employ echnology in
designing science lessons o
o e come he p oblem o s a ic
con en and p esen i mo e
e ec i ely.
4.09
0.94
3
High
3
Pe iodic ans o ma ion om
a ansmi e o knowledge o a
use o echnology, esea che
and p oduce o knowledge.
3.80
0.94
8
High
4
I ha e a websi e on he
In e ne o communica e wi h
my s uden s h ough which I pu
e e y hing ela ed o science.
3.92
0.85
5
High
5
I use he i ual labo a o y o
p epa e scien i ic expe imen s
3.85
0.94
7
High
6
I wo k on de eloping he
men al skills o my s uden s,
u ging hem o hink
scien i ically
3.90
0.91
6
High
7
I p oduce ideos o help
s uden s isualize science
3.37
1.05
10
Medium
20
concep s.
8
I expand he me hods o
echnical p esen a ion o ca e
o s uden s di e ences
4.14
0.85
2
High
9
I help s uden s access
websi es as e e ences o
science subjec s
3.72
0.95
9
High
1
0
I use in e ac i e elec onic
es s o e alua e my s uden s
4.00
0.82
4
High
The o al sco e o he
domain
3.90
0.598
High
Table 5 depic s ha he a e age means ela ed o he echnological domain anged be ween (3.37 - 4.21), om
medium o high deg ees. The sco e o he domain as a whole ob aineda mean o (3.90) and a s anda d de ia ion
o (0.598) which indica es a high deg ee o eache s' p ac ice.
The i s i emin he Table "I use echnology in eaching " anked i s wi h a mean o (4.21) and a s anda d
de ia ion o (0.85), whilei em 7 " I p oduce ideos o help s uden s isualize science concep s." ecei ed he
lowes sco e and anked las wi h a mean sco e o (3.37), and a s anda d de ia ion o (1.05) .
This esul could be a ibu ed o he ac ha e y signi ican changes a e aking place in he eaching and
lea ning p ocesses because o he new ela ionship be ween science and echnology ha is going o be
c i icaldu ing he COVID-19 c isis.Technology has doub lessly con ibu ed o p o ide eache s wi h a huge
a ie y o scien i ic esou ces, whe he a home o school, in addi ion o designing lessons, homewo k,
assignmen s, assessmen sand comple ing g oup p ojec s among s uden s ia in e ne o sui he online lea ning.
Also, echnology has helped eache s o explo e uni e sal design o lea ning ha uses digi al ma e ial whe e
possible and p o ides mo e lexibili y and ewe ba ie s o lea ning. I has also accele a ed he a e o eache s'
engagemen wi h echnology whoha e gained skill se s use ul o hei eaching compe encies.In
sho ,Technology has become an impo an ins umen o eache s andholds g ea p omise o p omo ing
lea ning and explaining he scien i ic ma e ial easily and con enien ly.
2- Social domain: The means and s anda d de ia ions sco es o he esponses on he i ems o social
domain we e calcula ed as shown in Table (6):
Table 6: means and s anda d de ia ions sco es o he esponses on he i ems o he socialdomain:
#
I ems
Mean
S anda d
de ia ion
ank
Deg ee
11
The use o dis ance lea ning
echnologies will enable
s uden s o lea n and collabo a e
wi h eache s and s uden s in
o he loca ions.
3.42
1.01
4
Medium
12
I see mysel as a social leade
in my wo ds and ac ions
2.95
1.05
10
Medium
13
I ac as an academic ad iso
indi idually o in small g oups
o moni o he p og ess o my
s uden s in hei pe sonal
lea ning p og ams
3.12
0.94
9
Medium
14
I deal posi i ely wi h pa en s
3.32
1.09
7
Medium
15
I p ese e he s uden 's
na ional and cul u al iden i y
3.16
0.94
8
Medium
16
I wo k on p o iding my
s uden s wi h li e skills
3.49
0.91
2
Medium
17
I dissemina e he concep s o
cul u e and dialogue
managemen among s uden s
3.33
1.15
6
Medium
18
I call o human igh s
espec
3.36
1.13
5
Medium
19
I suppo a ious scien i ic
ac i i ies in he local
communi y
3.45
1.03
3
Medium
20
I am con inced ha
3.50
0.85
1
Medium
21
employing in o ma ion
echnology and he In e ne in
educa ion is one o he mos
impo an indica o s o
ans o ming in o an
in o ma ion socie y, which
con ibu es o inc easing he
e iciency and e ec i eness o
educa ion sys ems.
The o al sco e o he
domain
3.31
0.671
Medium
Table 6 shows ha he a e age means ela ed o he socialdomain anged be ween( 2.95–3.50) and a medium
deg ee o all i ems. The sco e o he domain as a whole ob ained a mean o (3.31) and a s anda d de ia ion o
(0.671) which indica es a medium deg ee o eache s' p ac ice.
I em 20 in he Table "I am con inced ha employing in o ma ion echnology and he In e ne in educa ion is
one o he mos impo an indica o s o ans o ming in o an in o ma ion socie y, which con ibu es o
inc easing he e iciency and e ec i eness o educa ion sys ems." anked i s wi h a mean o (3.50) and a
s anda d de ia ion o (0.85), whilei em12" I see mysel as a social leade in my wo ds and ac ions" ecei ed he
lowes sco e and anked las wi h a mean sco e o (2.95), and a s anda d de ia ion o (1.05) .
This esul may be a ibu ed o he ac ha he use o echnology has opened a new doo o s uden s o
wo k, pa icipa e and exchange in o ma ion oge he ou side he con ines o he class oom walls ha is
conduc ed elec onically.The In e ne also opens a new doo o help s uden s in a class oom engage in a ious
educa ional ac i i ies in he ield o esea ch and exchange o in o ma ion h ough hese ac i i ies.Also,
echnology as a sou ce o communica ion has opened a wide b anch in which he eache and he s uden a e in
cons an con ac by speaking o e he In e ne .The g ea es po en ial o new in o ma ion echnology lies in
imp o ing he p oduc i i y o ime spen ou side he class oom. Making solu ions o p oblem se s and assigned
eading ma e ials a ailable on he In e ne p o ides a lo o con enience. Sending and ecei ing E-mail
immensely simpli ies communica ion be ween s uden s and eache s and among s uden s who may be engaged
in g oup p ojec s.
3- Resea ch domain: The means and s anda d de ia ions sco es o he esponses on he i ems o
esea ch domain we e calcula ed as shown in Table (7):
Table 7: means and s anda d de ia ions sco es o he esponses on he i ems o he esea chdomain:
#
I ems
Mean
S anda d
de ia ion
ank
Deg ee
21
I cons an ly ollow scien i ic
de elopmen s in my ield o
specializa ion
2.52
1.06
4
Medium
22
I upda e my knowledge and
skills o be able o abso b
mode n and cons an ly e ol ing
echnology
2.63
1.04
10
Medium
23
I am in e es ed in sel -
p o essional de elopmen o
cope wi h he changes o he
digi al age
2.49
1.13
9
Medium
24
I encou age my s uden s o
be inno a i e and c ea i e
2.35
1.09
7
Medium
25
I each my s uden s he
scien i ic way o hinking
3.00
1.03
8
Medium
26
I ely on expe imen a ion in
my ields o wo k
2.44
0.95
2
Medium
27
Use mo e han one sou ce o
ind in o ma ion
2.51
0.85
6
Medium
28
I ain my s uden s in
scien i ic esea ch skills
2.59
0.95
5
Medium
29
I ollow e- aining o i s
ac i e ole in achie ing he
goals o p o essional
2.27
1.21
3
Low
22
de elopmen o eache s in he
digi al age
30
I help s uden s o ans o m
abs ac concep s in o concep s
ela ed o eali y
2.68
1.27
1
Medium
The o al sco e o he
domain
2.54
0.857
Medium
Table 7 shows ha he a e age means ela ed o he socialdomain anged be ween( 2.27–3.00)
omlow omedium deg ees. The sco e o he domain as a whole ob ained a mean o (2.54) and a s anda d
de ia ion o (0.857) which indica es a medium deg ee o eache s' p ac iceo he equi ed oles in ligh o he
digi al age demands amids COVID-19 pandemic.
I em 25 in he Table "I each my s uden s he scien i ic way o hinking." anked i s wi h a mean o (3.00)
and a s anda d de ia ion o (1.03), whilei em29" I ollow e- aining o i s ac i e ole in achie ing he goals o
p o essional de elopmen o eache s in he digi al age" ecei ed he lowes sco e and anked las wi h a mean
sco e o (2.27), and a s anda d de ia ion o (1.21).
This esul may be a ibu ed o he ac ha echnology helps eache s o de elop scien i ic hinking skills o
c ea e en i onmen s in which s uden s can lea n by doing, ecei e eedback, and con inually e ine hei
unde s anding and build new knowledge needed in he wen y- i s cen u y. Fu he mo e eache -s uden
communica ion can be g ea ly imp o ed by using class oom echnology,i makes eache s’ jobs easie o
communica e in o ma ion o hei s uden s in a simpli ied manne and open u u e ho izons o hem.
Technology can also help eache sknow he con en ha s uden s need in he wen y- i s cen u y and c ea e a
mo e pe sonalized lea ning en i onmen o all ypes o s uden s o keep hem engaged and pe o ming
e icien ly.
Resul s o he second esea ch ques ion
The second esea ch ques ion sough i he e a e any s a is ically signi ican di e ences (α = 0.05) in he
deg ee o which science eache s in heuppe basic s age p ac ice he equi ed oles in ligh o he digi al age
demandsamids COVID-19 om hei pe spec i es due o (gende , yea s o expe ience and educa ion
sec o ) a iables.
To answe his ques ion, a h ee-way ANOVA es was pe o med o he esponses on he s udy ins umen .
Table (8) shows he means and s anda d de ia ions o he deg ee o which science eache s p ac ice he equi ed
oles om hei pe spec i es due o (gende , yea s o expe ience and educa ion sec o ) a iables:
Table 8: he means and s anda d de ia ions o he deg ee o which science eache s in he uppe basic
s age p ac ice he equi ed oles in ligh o he digi al age demands amids COVID-19 om hei
pe spec i es due o (gende , yea s o expe ience and educa ion sec o ) a iables:
Domain
gende
Educa ion
sec o
Expe ience
Less han 5
5-10
Mo e han
10
To al
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
Technological
Male
P i a e
3.22
1.220
2.17
0.530
1.69
0.540
2.65
1.1600
Public
3.22
0.111
2.62
0.801
2.70
0.571
2.73
0.612
To al
3.22
1.100
2.42
0.691
2.43
0.710
2.69
0.921
Female
P i a e
2.57
0.720
2.84
0.830
2.31
0.691
2.60
0.752
Public
2.94
0.741
2.23
0.812
2.43
0.912
2.54
0.872
To al
2.72
0.751
2.50
0.8601
2.40
0.855
2.56
0.824
To al
P i a e
2.75
0.920
2.68
0.811
2.10
0.691
2.61
0.882
Public
2.97
0.710
2.32
0.812
2.51
0.826
2.58
0.821
To al
2.83
0.850
2.48
0.820
2.41
0.802
2.59
0.841
Social
Male
P i a e
3.31
1.320
2.78
1.450
3.84
0.961
3.31
1.260
Public
3.37
2.310
3.29
0.461
3.31
0.542
3.31
0.733
To al
3.32
1.380
3.06
0.991
3.46
0.683
3.31
1.021
Female
P i a e
3.19
0.610
3.58
0.880
3.56
.7500
3.36
0.722
Public
3.24
0.601
3.33
0.801
3.57
0.701
3.40
0.701
To al
3.21
0.600
3.44
0.830
3.57
0.702
3.38
0.712
To al
P i a e
3.22
0.851
3.39
1.051
3.65
0.791
3.35
0.891
