T ansec
Days
A ea o
In e es
Maps
Th eshold
Days
Tes ing Nea -Real-Time Remo e
Science Ope a ions in he Field:
NIRVSS in BASALT
!
Amanda M. Cook, An hony Colap e e,
Ted Roush, F i z Renema, Rich Bielawski,
E in F i zle , Josh Ben on, Josh Fo gione,
B uce Whi e, S ephen Ba azzo
NASA Ames Resea ch Cen e
!
A! B! C! D! E!
1!
2!
3!
4!
Gene ally, how
do emo e
scien is s
espond o eal-
ime da a?
How a e
ope a ional
h esholds
de e mined?
Wha is he
app op ia e
cadence o
making nea -
eal- ime
ope a ional
decisions?
Resou ce P ospec o Mission
The Resou ce P ospec o (RP) mission is a luna lande and p ospec ing o e wi h a one-me e exca a ing d ill. The goal o he mission is o de ec and measu e concen a ions o H2O and OH,
and o make a quan i a i e assessmen o whe he hese and o he ma e ials a e ex ac able as a u u e luna esou ce. Po en ial uses include uel gene a ion, wa e o human explo a ion, and
a e ea h elemen s and mine als o use in space and on Ea h. The Nea -In a ed Vola ile Spec ome e Sys em (NIRVSS) is one o he p ospec ing ins umen s included in he RP payload.
NIRVSS includes dual nea -in a ed (NIR) spec ome e s, a nea -in a ed ungs en ligh sou ce, a isible-wa eleng h high- esolu ion CMOS came a accompanied by LEDs a 8 wa eleng hs, and
ou adiome e s o measu e su ace empe a u es. NIRVSS poin s downwa d om he unde side o he o e , iewing he su ace and collec ing da a in eal ime as he o e a e ses, and
du ing d illing ope a ions. As he o e a e ses, science da a will be downlinked o Ea h a a ~5 minu e delay. This e y sho delay allows o nea - eal- ime ope a o decisions o be possible.
Decisions and a e se plans can be adjus ed a a as e cadence (compa ed o, e.g., Ma s o e ope a ions), o achie e maximum science wi hin a cons ained mission du a ion.
Time-cons ained Ope a ional Decisions
The c i icali y o his decision-making p ocess o he success o RP necessi a es hough ul es ing and planning wi h ins umen and science eams o maximize science ou pu . To his end, he
NIRVSS science and ins umen eam pa icipa ed in a ield es ing campaign called BASALT in No embe 2016. The Biologic and Analog Science Associa ed wi h La a Te ains (BASALT) P ojec is
a h ee-yea p og am wi h he goal o “enabling he human- obo ic explo a ion o Ma s” (Nawo niak e al. 2017). The NIRVSS Team pa icipa ed in he BASALT deploymen o Hawaii’s Mauna
Ulu, o es ope a ional scena ios in a highe -s akes en i onmen whe e scien i ic disco e y was possible. The goals o he es we e o lea n mo e abou so-called “decisional” da a (da a ha can
gene a e changes in mission planning), o ge a sense o he eal- ime alue o each o NIRVSS’s da a ypes, and o s udy he decision-making p ocess wi h an eye owa d imp o ing da a
analysis ools o aid he science eam in di ec ing he mission. !
NIRVSS Ins umen De ail NIR Spec ome e s
• Sho -wa e (1.5 – 2.3 μm)
• Long-wa e (2.2 – 3.6 μm)
• Con igu able Field o View
Radiome e s
• 8, 10, 12, 14, 25 μm de ec o s
Ames Imaging Module
• Designed o Space
– The mal conside a ions, EMI/C, adia ion
ole ance, powe , and bandwid h
– Long-du a ion and beyond-LEO applica ions
• CMOS de ec o o Vis-NIR image y
• InGaAs de ec o o IR image y
• LEDs: whi e, 410, 540, 640, 740, 905, 940, and 1050
nm
BASALT Tes Scena ios a e mean o mimic Resou ce P ospec o a e se ypes.
Wha a e he
obs acles o
as -paced
decision-
making?
Field Team Ac s as Ro e
Po able Backpack P o o ype: 40 lbs
A ea o In e es Ma ked by O ange Flags
Ames Imaging Module
8 LED ypes o
came a illumina ion
Fou adiome e s
Fibe -op ics eed o
spec ome e s
NIR ungs en ligh
sou ce o spec ome e s
Fo each Tes Scena io, he emo e science eam was p esen ed wi h he co esponding challenge below
T ansec Day Challenge: Selec 2-3 a ge ypes o e isi ing o sampling based on jus spec a, o jus images.
A ea o In e es Map Challenge: Using image y and spec a, selec 2-3 a ge s o e isi ing o sampling. Iden i y unique zones in
he A ea o In e es .
Th eshold Day Challenge: Using da a om all p e ious days, de e mine a band dep h h eshold a which mo e de ailed
measu emen s should be pe o med.
Going-in Ques ions
Me hods
8 in
6.75 in
3.29 in
Nea -IR Spec ome e s
Ea ly Ou comes: New Image Analysis Tool: Au oma ed c ea ion o composi e images and isible spec a o use -selec ed a ge s
Resul s & Lessons Lea ned
• Ou science eam chose band dep h h esholds ha we e oo low. The ield eam ended up aking de ailed measu emen s o mo e
han hal o he a ge s on he h eshold day. Team needs p ac ice wi h de ining s ic e h esholds ha a e s ill highligh ing he
mos impo an a ge ypes.
• The emo e science eam had as ools o assess spec al da a. I seemed e y quick o hem o di e en ia e a ge classes (e.g.
unal e ed, mode a ely al e ed, hea ily oxidized) based on spec a alone.
• The emo e science eam could no assess image da a as enough o make e ec i e ope a ional decisions. This e ealed a s ong
need o be e eal- ime image p ocessing ools. See panel o igh !
• A ea o in e es mapping a 1-me e esolu ion p o ided excellen con ex o a 4 x 5 me e a ea. Using p ima ily spec a, he
scien is s we e able o iden i y a egion o hea y oxida ion, ha was cen e ed a ound an ac i e uma ole (“3d” in maps below).
OH-bea ing!mine als!
Ca bona es!
Fe-oxides!(?)!
High OH Map High Ca bona es Map High Fe-Oxides Map
1. Field Team ac s as Ro e , mo ing ins umen o e a ge s a Mauna Ulu olcano in Hawai’i. Field eam
collec ed da a in h ee es scena ios (see below) o mimic Resou ce P ospec o a e se ypes.
2. Da a was sen o he emo e science eam a Ames o ime-cons ained decisions. They we e equi ed o
espond wi h a measu emen plan wi hin 1 hou .!
Example o Ac i e Fuma oles a Mauna Ulu
