Co esponding au ho : Nguyen Thi Thuy
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License 4.0.
Resea ch on ac o s a ec ing he li ing and lea ning habi s o gen Z gene a ion: The
case o s uden s o he school o economics - Hanoi uni e si y o indus y
Thuy Thi Nguyen *, Tuye Thi Duong, T ang Huyen Thi Hoang, Ha Van Thi Nguyen and Ha Thu Thi Mai
Facul y o Managemen , School o Economics - Hanoi Uni e si y o Indus y
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 702-715
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 14 Ma ch 2025; e ised on 03 May 2025; accep ed on 06 May 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.26.2.1718
Abs ac
This s udy aims o iden i y and analyze he ac o s a ec ing he li ing and lea ning habi s o Gen Z, wi h he su ey
subjec s being s uden s o he School o Economics – Hanoi Uni e si y o Indus y. Th ough quan i a i e esea ch
me hods combined wi h quali a i e, da a we e collec ed om 401 s uden s using su ey ques ionnai es and g oup
in e iews. The esul s o he analysis show ha he main ac o s a ec ing Gen Z's li ing and lea ning habi s include:
lea ning en i onmen , iends a ound hem, lec u e s, amily – socie y, he in luence o echnology and hei own
cogni i e me hods. In pa icula , me hods and sel -awa eness ha e he s onges impac on he o ganiza ion o pe sonal
ac i i ies and lea ning e iciency o Gen Z. Nex is he in luence o echnology. The s udy also showed di e ences in
habi s be ween g oups o s uden s by school yea and gende . F om he esul s achie ed, he a icle p oposes a numbe
o solu ions o help Gen Z s uden s o m li ing and lea ning habi s.
Keywo ds: Gen Z gene a ion; Li ing habi s; S udy habi s; S uden s; Hanoi Uni e si y o Indus y
1. In oduc ion
In he con ex o inc easingly deep digi al ans o ma ion and globaliza ion, he Gen Z gene a ion – a g oup o people
bo n be ween he la e 1990s and ea ly 2010s – is becoming he main lea ning and labo o ce in socie y. Unlike p e ious
gene a ions, Gen Z has ma u ed in a h i ing echnology en i onmen , wi h he ubiqui ous p esence o he in e ne ,
sma phones, and social ne wo ks. These ac o s no only change he way hey access in o ma ion, bu also p o oundly
a ec hei li ing and s udy habi s. In Vie nam, Gen Z cu en ly accoun s o a la ge p opo ion o uni e si ies and
colleges, especially among s uden s s udying a highe educa ion ins i u ions. Unde s anding he ac o s a ec ing he
li ing and lea ning habi s o Gen Z no only helps schools, lec u e s and pa en s be e unde s and he cha ac e is ics
o his gene a ion, bu also c ea es a basis o building app op ia e educa ional policies and me hods, imp o e aining
e iciency. Al hough he e ha e been many s udies in he wo ld and in Vie nam men ioning he ela ionship be ween
echnology, social ne wo ks, educa ional en i onmen and s uden lea ning beha io , a comp ehensi e and sys ema ic
analysis o ac o s a ec ing Gen Z's li ing and lea ning habi s in a speci ic con ex is s ill limi ed. The e o e, his s udy
was conduc ed o iden i y and e alua e he ac o s a ec ing he li ing and lea ning habi s o Gen Z s uden s, wi h he
su ey subjec s being s uden s o he School o Economics – Hanoi Uni e si y o Indus y. Theo e ical basis and esea ch
me hods.
1.1. Theo e ical basis
Resea ch by he Pew Resea ch Cen e (2018) has de e mined ha he popula i y o social media pla o ms among young
people, especially YouTube, Ins ag am, and Snapcha . The esul s show ha 95% o eens own sma phones, and 45%
o hem use he in e ne almos cons an ly.
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Jean Twenge (2017) in his book "iGen" analyzed he impac o amily, educa ion, and echnology on he beha io and
li es yle habi s o Gen Z. Twenge poin s ou ha Gen Z, o iGen, is he i s gene a ion o g ow up en i ely in he digi al
age, wi h he cons an p esence o sma phones and social ne wo ks.
The esul s o a s udy by Ralph B. McNeal J . (2014) wi h he aim o analyzing he ela ionship be ween pa en al
in ol emen and s uden lea ning achie emen , and examining he ole o lea ning a i udes and beha io s show ha
pa en al in ol emen can be di ided in o wo main ca ego ies: pa en -child in ol emen , including discussion and
moni o ing o lea ning, and pa en -school in ol emen , such as educa ional suppo and pa icipa ion in pa en - eache
o ganiza ions.
The esul s o a s udy by Vu Van Tuan e al. (2021) on "The Impac o Social Ne wo king Si es on S udy Habi s and
In e pe sonal Rela ionships among Vie namese S uden s" on he analysis o he in luence o social ne wo ks on he
s udy habi s and social ela ionships o Vie namese s uden s ha e shown ha he use o social ne wo ks can lead o a
dec ease in concen a ion in s udying, nega i ely impac academic ou comes and change he way s uden s in e ac
socially.
The s udy "Family - An impo an ac o in mo al educa ion o s uden s and s uden s" by T an Van Phuc and Nguyen
Kim Tuyen (2014) emphasizes he essen ial ole o he amily in he o ma ion and de elopmen o pe sonali y, as well
as he s udy habi s o s uden s and s uden s.
Resea ch on ac o s a ec ing Gen Z's li ing and lea ning habi s has become an impo an opic in esea ch on educa ion
and socie y. Domes ic and in e na ional s udies ha e p o en ha ac o s such as echnology, social ne wo ks, he
en i onmen and amily ha e had a p o ound in luence on li ing habi s, he eby a ec ing he lea ning ou comes o Gen
Z.
1.2. Resea ch hypo hesis
• Hypo hesis 1: The lea ning en i onmen has a posi i e e ec on he li ing and lea ning habi s o Gen Z
• Hypo hesis 2: F iends a ound you ha e a posi i e in luence on he li ing and lea ning habi s o Gen Z
• Hypo hesis 3: Lec u e s ha e a posi i e in luence on he li ing and lea ning habi s o Gen Z
• Hypo hesis 4: Family – socie y has a posi i e in luence on he li ing and lea ning habi s o Gen Z
• Hypo hesis 5: Sel -awa eness has a posi i e e ec on Gen Z's li ing and lea ning habi s.
• Hypo hesis 6: Lea ning me hods ha e a posi i e e ec on he li ing and lea ning habi s o Gen Z
• Hypo hesis 7: Technology has a nega i e impac on Gen Z's li ing and lea ning habi s
1.3. Recommended esea ch model:
Based on he heo y and esul s o he p ocess o conduc ing an o e iew o domes ic and o eign s udies, he eam
p oposed a esea ch model on ac o s a ec ing he li ing and lea ning habi s o Gene a ion Z: The case o s uden s o
he School o Economics - Hanoi Uni e si y o Indus y wi h 7 in luencing ac o s including: (1) Lea ning en i onmen ;
(2) F iends a ound; (3) Lec u e s; (4) Family – socie y; (5) Sel -awa eness; (6) Lea ning me hods; (7) Technology. These
ac o s a e syn hesized, building a esea ch model and hypo heses as below:
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 702-715
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Sou ce: Recommended au ho s
Figu e 1 Resea ch model
2. Da a and esea ch me hodology
The main me hod o collec ing su ey da a on a la ge scale using ques ionnai es. Du ing a pe iod o 6 mon hs ( om
9/2024 o 3/2025), he au ho s sen ques ionnai es o i s -yea , 2nd, 3 d-yea s uden s, 4 h-yea s uden s, s uden s
who a e doing in e nships, s uden s who ha e comple ed in e nships and a e pa icipa ing in s udying a he School o
Economics - Hanoi Uni e si y o Indus y. This is a g oup o s uden s who ha e been s udying and esea ching a he
School o Economics, Hanoi Uni e si y o Indus y. Receip s a e cleaned and in alid o es a e emo ed. The o al
numbe o o es a e cleaning and pu ing in o he da a analysis was 401 o es.The analy ical echniques used in his
epo include: C onbach's Alpha scale alida ion, explo a o y ac o analysis (EFA), mul iple eg ession analysis. The
so wa e used in he analysis is SPSS 26.
3. Resul and discussion
3.1. EFA Disco e y Fac o Analysis
3.1.1. Fo independen a iables
The au ho s conduc ed an explo a o y ac o analysis o EFA o educe he obse ed a iables ha co ela e wi h each
o he in o a smalle se and he syn he ic a iables we e mo e meaning ul bu s ill ensu ed he in o ma ion con en o
he o iginal da a se ; a he same ime, elimina e in e e ing a iables, which a e no sui able o he esea ch model.
Ba le es esul s and KMO index = 0.866; SIG <0.05 p o es ha he ac o analysis model p oposed by he au ho s is
app op ia e and he obse ed a iables a e closely co ela ed wi h each o he .
Table 1 KMO es esul s o independen a iables
KMO and Ba le 's Tes
Kaise -Meye -Olkin Measu e o Sampling Adequacy.
0.866
Ba le 's Tes o Sphe ici y
App ox. Chi-Squa e
8078.799
d
351
Sig.
<.001
(Sou ce: SPSS da a unning esul s)
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 702-715
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Nex is he analysis o he o a ion ma ix, a e he p ocess o esea ch, e i ica ion and elimina ion o inapp op ia e
a iables, he ini ial o a ion ma ix wi h 7 elemen s has been adjus ed, combining elemen s wi h simila i ies o ensu e
a mo e easonable esea ch model. Acco ding o Hai & e al. (2009), ac o s wi h a load ac o g ea e han 0.5 a e
sa is ac o y, and in he inal esul able, many o he obse ed a iables ha e a high load ac o abo e ±0.7,
demons a ing e y good s a is ical signi icance. The inal esul s o he ac o analysis show 5 main g oups o ac o s,
which a e p esen ed in he able below:
Table 2 Ma ix o a es he ac o s o he independen a iable
Ro a ed Componen Ma ixa
Componen
1
2
3
4
5
NT3
0.724
NT1
0.722
PP1
0.721
PP3
0.708
NT4
0.697
PP2
0.696
NT2
0.678
PP4
0.574
MT2
0.834
BB2
0.828
GDXH4
0.536
GDXH3
0.510
MT4
0.822
BB4
0.818
GDXH2
0.601
CN3
0.849
CN1
0.791
CN2
0.789
CN4
0.714
GV1
0.809
GV3
0.789
GV2
0.665
MT3
0.892
BB3
0.803
MT1
0.919
BB1
0.810
(Sou ce: SPSS da a unning esul s)
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 702-715
706
3.1.2. Fo dependen a iables
Table 3 KMO es esul s o dependen a iables
KMO and Ba le 's Tes
Kaise -Meye -Olkin Measu e o Sampling Adequacy.
0.788
Ba le 's Tes o Sphe ici y
App ox. Chi-Squa e
599.035
d
6
Sig.
<.001
(Sou ce: SPSS da a unning esul s)
The esul s o he ac o analysis show ha he KMO index is 0.788 > 0.5, which p o es ha he da a used o ac o
analysis is comple ely app op ia e.
Ba le 's es esul s wi h Sig signi icance le el = 0.000 < 0.05 obse ed a iables a e no co ela ed wi h each o he in
he whole, a iables a e co ela ed wi h each o he and mee he condi ions o ac o analysis
Table 4 Resul s o ex ac i e a iance analysis o dependen a iables
To al Va iance Explained
Componen
Ini ial Eigen alues
Ex ac ion Sums o Squa ed Loadings
To al
% o Va iance
Cumula i e %
To al
% o Va iance
Cumula i e %
1
2.646
66.154
66.154
2.646
66.154
66.154
2
0.597
14.914
81.068
3
0.432
10.797
91.864
4
0.325
8.136
100.000
Ex ac ion Me hod: P incipal Componen Analysis.
(Sou ce: SPSS da a unning esul s)
Pe o m ac o analysis by P incipal componen s wi h Va imax o a ion. The esul s show ha he o al alue o he
ex ac ed a iance = 66.154% > 50%, hen i can be said ha his ac o explains 66.154% o he a iabili y o he da a.
Table 5 Componen ma ix o dependen a iables
Componen Ma ixa
Componen
1
TQ4
0.847
TQ2
0.836
TQ1
0.831
TQ3
0.735
Ex ac ion Me hod: P incipal Componen Analysis.
a. 1 componen s ex ac ed.
(Sou ce: SPSS da a unning esul s)
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 702-715
707
3.2. Pea son Co ela ion Analysis
To pe o m a polyupile linea eg ession analysis, we need o conside he co ela ion be ween independen and
dependen a iables and be ween independen a iables. Co ela ion analysis is a measu e o he s eng h/weakness
o he associa ion be ween he esea ch a iables in he model exp essed by he Pea son coe icien . F om he esul s
o he co ela ion analysis coe icien , he alues show ha he a iables a e co ela ed wi h each o he , speci ically
shown in he able below:
Table 6 Co ela ion ma ix be ween ac o s
Co ela ions
S udy
and
li ing
habi s
Pe cep ions
and Me hods
Technology
Lec u e
En i onmen
and iends
Family
and
Socie y
S udy and
li ing habi s
Pea son
Co ela ion
1
0.693**
0.410**
0.439**
0.383**
0.594**
Sig. (2-
ailed)
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
N
401
401
401
401
401
401
Pe cep ions
and Me hods
Pea son
Co ela ion
0.693**
1
0.294**
0.458**
0.559**
0.731**
Sig. (2-
ailed)
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
N
401
401
401
401
401
401
Technology
Pea son
Co ela ion
0.410**
0.294**
1
0.204**
0.191**
0.232**
Sig. (2-
ailed)
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
N
401
401
401
401
401
401
Lec u e
Pea son
Co ela ion
0.439**
0.458**
0.204**
1
0.343**
0.397**
Sig. (2-
ailed)
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
N
401
401
401
401
401
401
En i onmen
and iends
Pea son
Co ela ion
0.383**
0.559**
0.191**
0.343**
1
0.646**
Sig. (2-
ailed)
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
N
401
401
401
401
401
401
Family and
Socie y
Pea son
Co ela ion
0.594**
0.731**
0.232**
0.397**
0.646**
1
Sig. (2-
ailed)
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
<.001
N
401
401
401
401
401
401
**. Co ela ion is signi ican a he 0.01 le el (2- ailed).
(Sou ce: SPSS da a unning esul s)
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 702-715
708
Based on he co ela ions able p o ided, we can commen as ollows: The esul s o he Pea son co ela ion analysis
show ha all independen ac o s ha e a ela ionship wi h s udy and li ing habi s a a meaning ul le el o 0.01 (p <
0.01). This sugges s ha hese ac o s ha e a signi ican in luence on s uden s' s udy habi s. In pa icula , cogni ion and
lea ning me hods had he highes co ela ion wi h s udy and li ing habi s ( = 0.693), indica ing ha lea ning me hods
and pe sonal cogni ion play an impo an ole in he o ma ion o lea ning habi s.
In addi ion, amily and socie y ( = 0.594), acul y ( = 0.439), en i onmen and iends ( = 0.383), and echnology ( =
0.410) also had a signi ican co ela ion wi h s udy habi s, p o ing ha hese ac o s all impac how s uden s o ganize
and main ain hei s udy habi s. No ably, he ela ionship be ween cogni ion and lea ning me hods wi h amily and
socie y has a ai ly high co ela ion coe icien ( = 0.731), indica ing ha he amily en i onmen has a g ea in luence
on how s uden s ecei e and de elop lea ning me hods.
In addi ion, independen ac o s a e also co ela ed wi h each o he , such as he associa ion be ween en i onmen and
iends wi h cogni ion and lea ning me hods ( = 0.559), sugges ing ha a good iend en i onmen can help s uden s
imp o e hei cogni ion and lea ning me hods. The co ela ion be ween echnology and cogni ion and lea ning me hods
( = 0.294) also sugges s ha he use o echnology may suppo s uden s' lea ning bu he impac is no so s ong.
3.3. Resul s o Reg ession Analysis
In o de o iden i y, measu e and e alua e he in luence o ac o s on he lea ning habi s o Gen Z in he School o
Economics - Hanoi Uni e si y o Indus y, he au ho s used he mul iplex linea eg ession me hod o analyze he impac
o independen a iables (05 a iables) ob ained om he explo a o y ac o analysis abo e o he depend.
Table 7 Linea eg ession model syn hesis esul s
Model Summa yb
Model
R
R Squa e
Adjus ed R Squa e
S d. E o o he Es ima e
Du bin-Wa son
1
0.748a
0.559
0.554
0.51690
1.652
a. P edic o s: (Cons an ), Pe cep ions and Lea ning Me hods, Technology, Family and Socie y, En i onmen and
F iends, Lec u e s
b. Dependen Va iable: S udy and li ing habi s
(Sou ce: SPSS da a unning esul s)
– The R2 alue co ec ed by 0.554 shows ha he independen a iable in oduced in o he eg ession un a ec s 55.4%
o he change o he dependen a iable, he emaining 45.3 is due o ex a-model a iables and andom e o s.
– The Du bin – Wa son coe icien = 1.652 is in he ange o 1.5 – 2.5, so he e is no i s -o de chain au oco ela ion
phenomenon.
Table 8 ANOVA es esul s o he eg ession model
ANOVAa
Model
Sum o Squa es
d
Mean Squa e
F
Sig.
1
Reg ession
133.867
5
26.773
100.204
0.000b
Residual
105.539
395
0.267
To al
239.407
400
a. Dependen Va iable: S udy and li ing habi s
b. P edic o s: (Cons an ), Pe cep ions and Lea ning Me hods, Technology, Family and Socie y, En i onmen and F iends, Lec u e s
(Sou ce: SPSS da a unning esul s)
– Tes sig F = 000b < 0.05 so he mul iple linea eg ession model is consis en wi h he da ase and can be used.
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Table 9 Reg ession coe icien s o independen a iables
Coe icien sa
Model
Uns anda dized
Coe icien s
S anda dized
Coe icien s
Sig.
Collinea i y
S a is ics
B
S d. E o
Be a
Tole ance
VIF
1
(Cons an )
-0.154
0.217
-
0.708
0.479
Pe cep ions and
Me hods
0.477
0.053
0.471
9.059
0.000
0.413
2.421
Technology
0.247
0.040
0.215
6.135
0.000
0.907
1.102
Lec u e
0.143
0.042
0.130
3.408
0.001
0.772
1.296
En i onmen and
iends
-0.119
0.051
-0.104
-
2.346
0.019
0.563
1.777
Family and Socie y
0.232
0.058
0.215
3.985
0.000
0.382
2.618
a. Dependen Va iable: S udy and li ing habi s
(Sou ce: SPSS da a unning esul s)
• Sig es s ha he eg ession coe icien s o he independen a iables NTPP, CN, GV, MTBB, and GDSH a e all
less han 0.05, so hese independen a iables a e all meaning ul o explain he dependen a iable, no
excluded om he model.
• The VIF coe icien s o independen a iables a e all less han 3, so no mul i-collinea phenomenon occu s.
• The eg ession coe icien s o he NTPP, CN, GV and GDSH a iables a e all g ea e han 0, so hese a iables
when included in he eg ession analysis all ac in he same di ec ion as he Chinese dependen a iable. Based
on he magni ude o he Be a no malized eg ession coe icien , he o de o impac om s onges o weakes
o independen a iables o dependen a iables is: NTPP (0.477) > CN (0.247) > Social Educa ion (0.232) > GV
(0.143). And he MTBB a iable has a eg ession coe icien = -0.119 < 0, so his a iable, when included in he
eg ession analysis, will ha e he opposi e e ec on he Chinese dependen a iable.
Co esponds o:
• + T ans o ming Awa eness and me hods ha e he i s s ong in luence on he li ing and lea ning habi s o
s uden s o he School o Economics - Hanoi Uni e si y o Indus y.
• + Tu ning echnology has he second s onges impac on he li ing and lea ning habi s o s uden s o he School
o Economics - Hanoi Uni e si y o Indus y.
• + The hi d s onges in luence on he li ing and lea ning habi s o s uden s o he School o Economics - Hanoi
Uni e si y o Indus y.
• + The ou h s onges in luence on he li ing and lea ning habi s o s uden s o he School o Economics - Hanoi
Uni e si y o Indus y.
• + And inally, he en i onmen and iends ha e he weakes in luence on he li ing and lea ning habi s o
s uden s o he School o Economics - Hanoi Uni e si y o Indus y.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 702-715
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(Sou ce: SPSS da a unning esul s)
Figu e 2 No malized Residual F equency Cha His og am
– The mean alue o MEAN = 1.96E– 15 is close o 0, he s anda d de ia ion is 0.994 which is close o 1. Thus, i can be
said ha he dis ibu ion o he su plus is app oxima ely s anda d. The e o e, i can be concluded ha : The assump ion
o he s anda d dis ibu ion o he emainde is no iola ed. The eg ession model used is s a is ically ele an .
(Sou ce: SPSS da a unning esul s)
Figu e 3 No mal P-P Plo No malized Residual Cha
Fo he No mal P-P Plo cha , we also see ha he da a poin s in he dis ibu ion o he emainde a e close o he
diagonal, hus, assuming ha he s anda d dis ibu ion o he emainde is no iola ed.
