The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1750-2024) v2.7

The PRIMAP-his na ional his o ical emissions ime se ies
(1750-2024) ( 2.7, upda ed Sep embe 2025)
1 Recommended ci a ion
Gü schow, J.; Busch, D.; P lüge , M. (2025): The PRIMAP-his na ional his o ical emissions ime
se ies 2.7 (1750-2024). zenodo. 10.5281/zenodo.17090760.
Gü schow, J.; Je e y, L.; Gieseke, R.; Gebel, R.; S e ens, D.; K app, M.; Rocha, M. (2016):
The PRIMAP-his na ional his o ical emissions ime se ies, Ea h Sys . Sci. Da a, 8, 571-603,
doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016
2 Con en
•Abs ac
•Use o he da ase and ull desc ip ion
•Suppo
•Sou ces
•Files included in he da ase
•No es
•Da a o ma desc ip ion
•Changelog
•Re e ences
3 Abs ac
The PRIMAP-his da ase combines se e al published da ase s o c ea e a comp ehensi e se o g eenhouse
gas emission pa hways o e e y coun y and Kyo o gas, co e ing he yea s 1750 o 2024, and almos
all UNFCCC (Uni ed Na ions F amewo k Con en ion on Clima e Change) membe s a es as well as
mos non-UNFCCC e i o ies. The da a esol es he main IPCC (In e go e nmen al Panel on Clima e
Change) 2006 ca ego ies. Fo CO
2
, CH
4
, and N
2
O subsec o da a o Ene gy, Indus ial P ocesses and
P oduc Use (IPPU), and Ag icul u e a e a ailable. The “coun y epo ed da a p io i y” (CR) scena io
o he PRIMAP-his da se p io i izes da a ha indi idual coun ies epo o he UNFCCC.
Fo de eloped coun ies, AnnexI in e ms o he UNFCCC, his is he da a submi ed anually in he
“Na ional In en o y Submissions”. Un il 2023 da a was submi ed in he “Common Repo ing Fo ma ”
(CRF). Since 2024 he new “Common Repo ing Tables” (CRT) a e used.Fo de eloping coun ies,
non-AnnexI in e ms o he UNFCCC ou p e e ed da a sou ce a e he Common Repo ing Tables (CRT)
submi ed wi h he Biannial T anspa ency Repo s (BTR). When coun ies do no p o ide he ables
we ead a ailable da a om he pd epo s and use addi ional submissions (Biannial Upda e Repo s
(BUR), Na ional Communica ions (NC), and Na ional In en o y Repo s (NIR)) ead om pd and
xlsx/cs iles and o olde submissions ob ained om he UNFCCC DI po al (di.un ccc.in ). Fo a lis
o hese submissions please see below. Fo Sou h Ko ea he 2024 o icial GHG in en o y has no ye
been submi ed o he UN bu is included in PRIMAP-his . PRIMAP-his also includes o icial da a o
Taiwan which is no ecognized as a pa y o he UNFCCC. As he USA ha e no submi ed any da a o
he UNFCCC his yea we use he d a in en o y epo which he En i onmen al De ense Fund (EDF)
ob ained om he US En i onmen al P o ec ion Agency (EPA) h ough he F eedom o In o ma ion Ac .
Gaps in he coun y epo ed da a a e illed using hi d pa y da a such as CDIAC, EI ( ossil CO
2
),
1
And ew cemen emissions da a (cemen ), FAOSTAT (ag icul u e), and EDGAR 2024 (all sec o s o CO
2
,
N
2
O, CH
4
, HFCs, PFCs, SF
6
, NF
3
, excep ene gy CO
2
). Lowe p io i y da a a e ha monized o highe
p io i y da a in he gap- illing p ocess.
Fo he hi d pa y p io i y ime se ies gaps in he hi d pa y da a a e illed om coun y epo ed da a
sou ces.
Da a o ea lie yea s which a e no a ailable in he abo e men ioned sou ces a e sou ced om EDGAR-
HYDE, CEDS, and RCP (N2O only) his o ical emissions.
The 2.4 elease o PRIMAP-his educed he ime-lag om 2 o 1 yea s o he Oc obe elease. Thus
he p esen e sion 2.7 includes da a o 2024. Fo ene gy CO2 g ow h a es om he Ene gy Ins i u e’s
S a is ical Re iew o Wo ld Ene gy a e used o ex end he coun y epo ed da a o 2024. Fo CO2 om
cemen p oduc ion And ew cemen da a a e used o a ew coun ies. Fo all o he sec o s and gases no
emission es ima es exis . Thus PRIMAP-his elies on nume ical me hods and uses a linea ex apola ion
based on he las 5 yea s. COVID-19 has p ima ily impac ed ene gy ela ed emissions and in es s wi h
CRF da a no impac o COVID in he pe o mance o linea ex apola ion o emissions da a in he o he
sec o s has been de ec ed. Fo he ew cases whe e ex apola ion is needed o ene gy CO2 we use a 15
yea end o he ex apola ion.
Ve sion 2.7 o he PRIMAP-his da ase does no include emissions om Land Use, Land-Use Change,
and Fo es y (LULUCF) in he main ile. LULUCF da a a e included in he ile wi h inc eased numbe
o signi ican digi s and ha e o be used wi h ca e as hey a e cons uc ed om di e en sou ces using
di e en me hodologies and a e no ha monized.
The PRIMAP-his 2.7 da ase is an upda e o Gü schow e al. (2025)
Gü schow, J.; Busch, D.; P lüge , M. (2025): The PRIMAP-his na ional his o ical emissions ime
se ies 2.6.1 (1750-2023). zenodo. 10.5281/zenodo.15016289.
The Changelog below indica es he mos impo an changes. You can also check he issue acke on
gi hub.com/JGue schow/PRIMAP-his o addi ional in o ma ion on issues ound a e he elease o he
da ase . De ailed pe coun y in o ma ion is a ailable om he de ailed changelog which is a ailable on
he p imap.o g websi e and on zenodo.
4 Use o he da ase and ull desc ip ion
Be o e using he da ase , please ead his documen and he a icle (Gü schow e al. (2016)) desc ibing
he me hodology, especially he sec ion on unce ain ies and he sec ion on limi a ions o he me hod and
use o he da ase .
Gü schow, J.; Je e y, L.; Gieseke, R.; Gebel, R.; S e ens, D.; K app, M.; Rocha, M. (2016):
The PRIMAP-his na ional his o ical emissions ime se ies, Ea h Sys . Sci. Da a, 8, 571-603,
doi:10.5194/essd-8-571-2016
Please no i y us (nc-suppo @johannes-gue schow.de) i you use he da ase so ha we can keep ack o
how i is used and ake ha in o conside a ion when upda ing and imp o ing he da ase .
When using his da ase o one o i s upda es, please ci e he DOI o he p ecise e sion o he da ase
used and also he da a desc ip ion a icle which his da ase is supplemen o (see abo e). Please conside
also ci ing he ele an o iginal sou ces when using he PRIMAP-his da ase . See he ull ci a ions in
he Re e ences sec ion u he below.
Since e sion 2.3 we use he da a o ma s de eloped o he PRIMAP2 clima e policy analysis sui e:
PRIMAP2 on Gi Hub. The da a a e published bo h in he in e change o ma which consis s o a cs
ile wi h he da a and a yaml ile wi h addi ional me ada a and he na i e Ne CDF based o ma . Fo a
de ailed desc ip ion o he da a o ma we e e o he PRIMAP2 documen a ion.
We ha e also included iles wi h mo e han h ee signi ican digi s. These iles a e mainly aimed a people
doing policy analysis using he coun y epo ed da a scena io (HISTCR). Using he high p ecision da a
hey can a oid ques ions on disc epancies wi h he epo ed da a. The unce ain ies o emissions da a do
no jus i y he addi ional signi ican digi s and hey migh gi e a alse sense o accu acy, so please use
his e sion o he da ase wi h ex a ca e.
2
5 Suppo
I you encoun e possible e o s o o he hings ha should be no ed, please check ou issue acke a
gi hub.com/JGue schow/PRIMAP-his and epo you indings he e. Please use he ag “ 2.7” in any
issue you c ea e ega ding his da ase .
I you need suppo in using he da ase o ha e any o he ques ions ega ding he da ase , please con ac
nc-suppo @johannes-gue schow.de. Basic suppo is ee o non-comme cial use s and mos ques ions
can be answe ed wi h a sho e-mail. Howe e , we do no ha e he esou ces o p o ide ex ensi e suppo
ee o cha ge. Fo comme cial use s suppo will be included wi h he comme cial license (see below).
6 License
Since 2.7 PRIMAP-his is published unde a non-comme cial license. This means ha comme cial use s
can no use i eely and ha e o ob ain a comme cial license. The comme cial license is only a ailable
o he coun y epo ed p io i y (CR) ime-se ies as he hi d pa y p io i y (TP) ime-se ies builds
hea ily on EDGAR and FAOSTAT da a. Fo comme cial cus ome s wan ing o use he TP ime-se ies we
o e o de elop cus om code o gene a e he da a locally. Please con ac comme cial-suppo @johannes-
gue schow.de o mo e in o ma ion.
7 Sou ces
•
Global CO
2
emissions om cemen p oduc ion 240517 (And ew 2024) [da a]
(h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.11207133), pape And ew (2025), And ew (2019b)
•EI S a is ical Re iew o Wo ld Ene gy 2025 websi e: Ene gy Ins i u e (2025)
•
CDIAC da a: He ne and Ma land (2023), da a: He ne (2024), pape : Gil illan and Ma land
(2021)
•CEDS da a: Hoesly e al. (2020), pape : Hoesly e al. (2018)
•
EDGAR 2024: da a/websi e Eu opean Commission, JRC (2024) epo : Eu opean Commission.
Join Resea ch Cen e. and IEA. (2024)
•EDGAR-HYDE 1.4 da a: Van Aa denne e al. (2001), Oli ie and Be dowski (2001)
•
FAOSTAT da abase da a: Food and Ag icul u e O ganiza ion o he Uni ed Na ions (2024),
gi hub: Anon (2025)
•RCP his o ical da a da a,pape : Meinshausen e al. (2011)
•
UNFCCC Biennial Upda e Repo s, Na ional Communica ions, and Na ional In en o y
Repo s o de eloping coun ies a ailable om he UNFCCC DI po al websi e,da a:
UNFCCC (2024d), 1
•
UNFCCC Biannial Upda e Repo s, Na ional Communica ions, and Na ional In en-
o y Repo s o de eloping coun ies websi e-BURs,websi e-NCs,da a: UNFCCC (2025e),
UNFCCC (2025c) No es:
–1)
No all BUR and NC submissions a e included as eading he da a is ime consuming and
no all submission con ain su icien da a o be used in PRIMAP-his .
–2)
No all submissions included in PRIMAP-his a e a ailable in he gi hub eposi o y as we
do no (ye ) ha e code ha we can publish o all submissions.
–3) Fo a lis o added submissions see sec ion Da a sou ce upda es ( 2.7)
•UNFCCC Fi s Biannial T anspa ency Repo s websi e,da a UNFCCC (2025b) No es:
–1) Fo a lis o added submissions see sec ion Da a sou ce upda es ( 2.7)
•UNFCCC Na ional In en o y Submissions 2025 (CRTAI) websi e,pape ,da a:
UNFCCC (2025d) (p ocessed based on Je e y e al. (2018a))
•O icial coun y eposi o ies (non-UNFCCC)
3
–
Bela us: G eenhouse gas s a is ics (1990-2022) websi e: Na ional S a is ical Commi ee o he
Republic o Bela us (2024)
–
Mexico: 2023 In en o y websi e,da a: Ins i u o Nacional de Ecologia y Gambio Clima ico
(INECC) (2015)
–Sou h Ko ea: 2024 In en o y websi e,da a: Republic o Ko ea (2024)
–
Taiwan / Republic o China: 2024 In en o y websi e,da a: Republic o China - En i onmen al
P o ec ion Adminis a ion (2024)
–Pakis an: 2016 in en o y epo websi e,da a: Mi and Ijaz (2016)
–Philippines: NICCDIES Na ional GHG In en o y websi e,da a: NICCDIES (2025)
–USA: D a 2025 Na ional In en o y websi e,da a: US EPA (2025)
Fo he p e-1990 LULUCF ime-se ies we use he ollowing addi ional da a sou ces:
•Hough on land use CO2websi e: Hough on (2008)
•HYDE land co e da a websi e: Klein Goldewijk e al. (2010), Klein Goldewijk e al. (2011)
•SAGE Global Po en ial Vege a ion Da ase websi e: Ramanku y and Foley (1999)
•
FAO Coun y Bounda ies websi e: Food and Ag icul u e O ganiza ion o he Uni ed Na ions
(2015)
8 Files included in he da ase
Fo each da ase we ha e h ee iles: he .nc ile con ains he da a and me ada a in he na i e PRIMAP2
ne CDF based o ma . The .cs ile con ains he da a in a cs o ma ollowing he speci ica ions o he
PRIMAP2 in e change o ma . The me ada a o he in e change o ma ile is included in he .yaml ile.
•
Gue schow-e -al-2025a-PRIMAP-his _ 2.7_ inal_22-Aug-2025.X: The main da ase wi h
nume ical ex apola ion o all ime se ies o 2024 and h ee signi ican digi s.
•
Gue schow-e -al-2025a-PRIMAP-his _ 2.7_ inal_no_ex ap_22-Aug-2025.X: Va ian
wi hou nume ical ex apola ion o missing alues and no including he coun y g oups men ioned
in sec ion “a ea (ISO3)” ( h ee signi ican digi s).
•
Gue schow-e -al-2025a-PRIMAP-his _ 2.7_ inal_no_ ounding_22-Aug-2025.X: The
main da ase wi h nume ical ex apola ion o all ime se ies o 2024 and ele en signi ican digi s.
•
Gue schow-e -al-2025a-PRIMAP-his _ 2.7_ inal_no_ex ap_no_ ounding_22-
Aug-2025.X: Va ian wi hou nume ical ex apola ion o missing alues and no including he
coun y g oups men ioned in sec ion “a ea (ISO3)” (ele en signi ican digi s).
•PRIMAP-his _ 2.7_da a-desc ip ion.pd : Da a desc ip ion including changelog.
•
PRIMAP-his _ 2.7_upda ed_ igu es.pd : Upda ed igu es om he PRIMAP-his pape
published in ESSD.
•
changes_PRIMAP-his _ 2.7_ inal_n _ o_ 2.6.1_ inal_n .xlsx: xlsx ile which lis s
ela i e changes pe coun y, gas and main sec o o 2005, 2015, 2020, 2022, 2023, and 1990-2023
(cumula i e) om 2.6.1 o 2.7 (compa ison be ween la es e sion and cu en e sion).
•
changes_PRIMAP-his _ 2.7_ inal_n _ o_ 2.6_ inal_n .xlsx: xlsx ile which lis s el-
a i e changes pe coun y, gas and main sec o o 2005, 2015, 2020, 2022, 2023, and 1990-2023
(cumula i e) om 2.6 o 2.7 (compa ison be ween cu en e sion and Oc obe 2024 e sion).
•
changes_PRIMAP-his _ 2.7_ inal_n _CR_ o_TP.xlsx: xlsx ile which lis s ela i e
di e ences pe coun y, gas and main sec o o 2005, 2015, 2020, 2023, 2024, and 1990-2024
(cumula i e) be ween coun y epo ed p io i y and hi d pa y p io i y scena ios.
•
changelog_ 2.7_ inal_ o_ 2.6.1_ inal.zip: De ailed changelog in h ml o ma con aining
plo s and a b eakdown o changes o sec o s and gases o all coun ies. Coun y speci ic no es
a e also included. To use he changelog locally unpack he zip ile and open he ile in he “h ml”
di ec o y in you b owse .
4
•–
changelog_ 2.7_ inal_ o_ 2.6_ inal.zip: De ailed changelog in h ml o ma con aining
plo s and a b eakdown o changes o sec o s and gases o all coun ies. Coun y speci ic no es
a e also included. To use he changelog locally unpack he zip ile and open he ile in he
“h ml” di ec o y in you b owse .
9 No es
•Emissions om in e na ional a ia ion and shipping a e no included in he da ase .
•
Emissions om Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Fo es y (LULUCF) a e no included in he main
e sion o his da ase . They a e included in he e sion wi hou ounding as use s need o ake
ex a ca e when using LULUCF da a because some o he yea - o-yea changes in he da a come
om using di e en sou ces o me hodology changes wi hin a sou ce a he han changes in ac ual
emissions.
10 Da a o ma desc ip ion
The PRIMAP-his da a in he comma-sepa a ed alues (CSV) iles is o ma ed consis en ly wi h he
PRIMAP2 in e change o ma .
The da a con ained in each column a e as ollows:
10.1 “sou ce”
Name o he da a sou ce. He e: PRIMAP-his _ 2.7 wi h su ixes _ne o no ex apola ion and _n o
no ounding.
10.2 “scena io (PRIMAP)”
•
HISTCR: In his scena io coun y- epo ed da a (CRT, BUR / NIR / NC / UNFCCCDI) a e
p io i ized o e hi d-pa y da a (CDIAC, FAO, And ew, EDGAR, BP).
•
HISTTP: In his scena io hi d-pa y da a (CDIAC, FAO, And ew, EDGAR, BP) a e p io i ized
o e coun y- epo ed da a (CRT, BUR / NIR / NC / UNFCCCDI)
10.3 “p o enance”
P o enance o he da a. He e: “de i ed” as i is a composi e sou ce.
10.4 “a ea (ISO3)”
ISO 3166 h ee-le e coun y codes o cus om codes o g oups:
Table 1: Addi ional “coun y” codes.
Code Region desc ip ion
EARTH Agg ega ed emissions o all coun ies.
ANNEXI Annex I Pa ies o he Con en ion
NONANNEXI Non-Annex I Pa ies o he Con en ion
AOSIS Alliance o Small Island S a es
BASIC BASIC coun ies (B azil, Sou h A ica, India and China)
EU27BX Eu opean Union pos B exi
LDC Leas De eloped Coun ies
UMBRELLA Umb ella G oup
10.5 “ca ego y (IPCC2006)”
IPCC (In e go e nmen al Panel on Clima e Change) 2006 ca ego ies o emissions. Some agg ega e
sec o s ha e been added o he hie a chy. These begin wi h he p e ix M.
5

Table 2: Ca ego y desc ip ions using IPCC 2006 e minology.
Ca ego y
code Desc ip ion Gases co e ed
M.0.EL Na ional To al excluding LULUCF all
1 Ene gy CO2, CH4, N2O
1.A Fuel Combus ion Ac i i ies CO2, CH4, N2O
1.B Fugi i e Emissions om Fuels CO2, CH4, N2O
1.B.1 Solid Fuels CO2, CH4, N2O
1.B.2 Oil and Na u al Gas CO2, CH4, N2O
1.B.3 O he Emissions om Ene gy P oduc ion CO2, CH4, N2O
1.C Ca bon Dioxide T anspo and S o age CO2
2 Indus ial P ocesses and P oduc Use (IPPU) CO2, CH4, N2O
-gases
2.A Mine al Indus y CO2
2.B Chemical Indus y CO2, CH4, N2O
2.C Me al Indus y CO2, CH4, N2O
2.D Non-Ene gy P oduc s om Fuels and Sol en Use CO2, CH4, N2O
2.E Elec onics Indus y ( -gases emi ed bu no esol ed) N2O
2.F P oduc uses as Subs i u es o Ozone Deple ing Subs ances
(no da a a ailable as he ca ego y is only used o luo ina ed
gases which a e only esol ed a he le el o ca ego y 2)
–
2.G O he P oduc Manu ac u e and Use CO2, CH4, N2O
2.H O he CO2, CH4, N2O
M.AG Ag icul u e, sum o 3.A and M.AG.ELV CO2, CH4, N2O
3.A Li es ock CH4, N2O
M.AG.ELV Ag icul u e excluding Li es ock CO2, CH4, N2O
4 Was e CO2, CH4, N2O
5 O he CO2, CH4, N2O
The ca ego ies a e o ganized in a hie a chy whe e child en o each ca ego y sum o he pa en ca ego y.
The ull IPCC2006 ca ego y hie a chy con ains many mo e subca ego ies, bu da a a ailabili y is no
su icien o esol e he ull IPCC ca ego y ee in PRIMAP-his . Howe e , we will egula ly assess
i he a ailable da a allows o esol ing addi ion subca ego ies. The ca ego ies cu en ly esol ed by
PRIMAP-his a e o ganized as ollows.
M.0.EL To al emissions excluding LULUCF
1 Ene gy
1.A Fuel Combus ion Ac i i ies
1.B Fugi i e Emissions om Fuels
1.B.1 Solid Fuels
1.B.2 Oil and Na u al Gas
1.B.3 O he Emissions om Ene gy P oduc ion
1.C Ca bon Dioxide T anspo and S o age
2 Indus ial P ocesses and P oduc Use
2.A Mine al Indus y
2.B Chemical Indus y
2.C Me al Indus y
2.D Non-Ene gy P oduc s om Fuels and Sol en Use
2.E Elec onics Indus y
2.F P oduc Uses as Subs i u es o Ozone Deple ing Subs ances
2.G O he P oduc Manu ac u e and Use
2.H O he
4 Was e
6
5 O he
M.AG Ag icul u e
3.A Li es ock
M.AG.ELV Ag icul u e excluding Li es ock
The “no_ ounding” e sion o he da ase addi ionally con ains da a o he “Land Use, Land Use Change,
and Fo es y” sec o and sec o s sums including his sec o s
Table 3: Addi ional ca ego y desc ip ions using IPCC 2006 e mi-
nology.
Ca ego y code Desc ip ion Gases co e ed
0 Na ional To al including LULUCF CO2, CH4, N2O, -gases
3 Ag icul u e, Fo es y and O he Land Use (AFOLU) CO2, CH4, N2O
M.LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change, and Fo es y CO2, CH4, N2O
PRIMAP-his uses a dis inc ion be ween ag icul u e and Land Use, Land Use Change and Fo es y which
a e combined in o he AFOLU sec o in IPCC2006 ca ego ies. Thus, in con as o he s anda d IPCC
2006 ca ego ies, ca ego y 3 “Ag icul u e, Fo es y, and O he Land Use” is subdi ided as ollows:
3 Ag icul u e, Fo es y, and O he Land Use
M.AG Ag icul u e
3.A Li es ock
M.AG.ELV Ag icul u e excluding Li es ock
M.LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change, and Fo es y
Whe e a na ional o al including LULUCF is epo ed, i is calcula ed as he sum o “M.0.EL To al
emissions excluding LULUCF” and “M.LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change, and Fo es y”:
0 Na ional To al
M.0.EL To al emissions excluding LULUCF
1 Ene gy
2 Indus ial P ocesses and P oduc Use
4 Was e
5 O he
M.AG Ag icul u e
M.LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change, and Fo es y
10.6 “en i y”
Gas baske s using global wa ming po en ials (GWP) om he Second Assessmen Repo (SAR), Fou h
Assessmen Repo (AR4), Fi h Assessmen Repo (AR5), Six h Assessmen Repo (AR6).
Table 4: Gas ca ego ies and unde lying global wa ming po en ials
Code Desc ip ion
CH4 Me hane
CO2 Ca bon Dioxide
N2O Ni ous Oxide
HFCS (SARGWP100) Hyd o luo oca bons (SAR)
HFCS (AR4GWP100) Hyd o luo oca bons (AR4)
HFCS (AR5GWP100) Hyd o luo oca bons (AR5)
HFCS (AR6GWP100) Hyd o luo oca bons (AR6)
PFCS (SARGWP100) Pe luo oca bons (SAR)
PFCS (AR4GWP100) Pe luo oca bons (AR4)
PFCS (AR5GWP100) Pe luo oca bons (AR5)
7
Code Desc ip ion
PFCS (AR6GWP100) Pe luo oca bons (AR6)
SF6 Sul u Hexa luo ide
NF3 Ni ogen T i luo ide
FGASES (SARGWP100) Fluo ina ed Gases (SAR): HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3
FGASES (AR4GWP100) Fluo ina ed Gases (AR4): HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3
FGASES (AR5GWP100) Fluo ina ed Gases (AR5): HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3
FGASES (AR6GWP100) Fluo ina ed Gases (AR6): HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3
KYOTOGHG (SARGWP100) Kyo o g eenhouse gases (SAR)
KYOTOGHG (AR4GWP100) Kyo o g eenhouse gases (AR4)
KYOTOGHG (AR5GWP100) Kyo o g eenhouse gases (AR5)
KYOTOGHG (AR6GWP100) Kyo o g eenhouse gases (AR6)
10.7 “uni ”
Uni is ei he <subs ance> * gigag am / a whe e subs ance is he en i y o o CO
2
equi alen uni s CO2
* gigag am / a. The CO
2
-equi alen is calcula ed acco ding o he global wa ming po en ial indica ed by
he en i y (see abo e).
10.8 Remaining columns
Yea s om 1750-2024.
11 Changelog
Th oughou his sec ion we use “CR” o e e o he coun y- epo ed da a p io i y sou ce and “TP” o
e e o he hi d-pa y p io i y sou ce.
11.1 2.7 (Sep embe 2025)
The 2.7 elease upda es coun y epo ed and a hi d pa y da a sou ce. New and upda ed coun y
epo ed inpu da a sou ces a e UNFCCC CRT da a om BTRs o AnnexI and non-AnnexI coun ies,
o icial coun y in en o ies and da a om he Ene gy Ins i u e’s S a is ical Re iew o Wo ld Ene gy. Fo
de ailed pe coun y changes we e e o he de ailed changelog a ailable on zenodo.
11.1.1 Changes in da a sou ces and p ep ocessing ( 2.7)
11.1.1.1 Da a sou ce upda es ( 2.7)
•
AnnexI in en o ies (BTR / CRTAI): We ha e ead coun y epo ed AnnexI da a om
Na ional In en o y Submissions in CRT o ma (CRTAI, UNFCCC (2025d)):
–
Fo almos all AnnexI coun ies we ha e now included he CRT da a om he 2025 Na ional
In en o y Submissions (CRTAI) which co e s 1990-2023 and in some cases up o 3 yea s be o e
1990. We ha e made he ollowing excep ions:
∗
Bela us: CRT da a does no con ain -gas emissions, hus we con inue o use he in en o y
da a used in 2.6 o -gases. Na ional S a is ical Commi ee o he Republic o Bela us
(2024)
∗
Poland: Da a o 1989 is missing in he CRTAI iles (1988 is p esen ). We keep his gap as
some o he sec o de ini ions used in CRTAI2025 a e no consis en wi h he de ini ions
used in he EU in en o y leading o inconsis encies be ween he da ase s.
∗
USA: The USA did no submi da a o he UNFCCC. The En i onmen al De ense Fund
published he d a 2025 In en o y i ob ained om he EPA h ough he F eedom o
In o ma ion Ac . We use his in en o y ins ead o he CRTAI da a. This in oduces some
shi s be ween sec o s as he sec o de ini ions di e wi h espec o he accoun ing o
non- uel use o ossil uels. (US EPA (2025))
(1)
8
•UNFCCC BUR, BTR, and NC da a (non-AnnexI)
–
We ha e included new CRT da a om he Fi s Biannial T anspa ency Repo s (BTR1) o
he ollowing non-AnnexI coun ies: Cuba, Gua emala, Mexico, Moldo a, Nepal, Rwanda,
Saudi A abia, Solomon Islands, and Thailand. (UNFCCC (2025a))
–Da a o Sou h A ica has been esubmi ed and upda ed in PRIMAP-his .
–Addi ionally we ha e ead da a om BTR pd s o Pakis an and Thailand.
–
In o al we co e BTR da a o he ollowing non-AnnexI coun ies: Alge ia, A gen ina,
Aze baijan, B azil, B unei-Da ussalam, Bhu an, Chile, China (Mainland, Hong Kong, Macau),
Cô e d’I oi e, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuado , Egyp , Geo gia, Ghana, Gua emala, Guinea Bissau,
Guyana, Indonesia, Kenya, Lebanon, Maldi es, Mau i ius, Malaysia, Mexico, Moldo a, Mo-
occo, Namibia, Nepal, Nige ia, Panama, Pa aguay, Rwanda, Saudi A abia, Singapo e, Se bia,
Solomon Islands, Sou h A ica, Tajikis an, Thailand, Tunisia, U uguay, Uzbekis an, Va ican
Ci y S a e, Venezuela, Zimbabwe). Fo de ails on da a co e age and use, please consul he
de ailed changelog.
–
We ha e included he ollowing Biannial Upda e Repo (BUR), Na ional In en o y Repo
(NIR), Na ional Communica ion (NC) submissions, and non-UNFCCC In en o ies o non-
AnnexI coun ies (UNFCCC (2025e), UNFCCC (2025c)):
–
India NC3:included ends (2011 - 2018) which we e downscaled o PRIMAP-his gases and a
ull in en o y o 2020. 2019 da a al eady included in 2.6.1 om NC3 which is consis en
wi h BUR4.
–Republic o Ko ea 2024 in en o y:de ailed da a o 1990 - 2022. (Republic o Ko ea (2024))
–
Taiwan 2024 in en o y:de ailed da a o 1990 - 2022. (Republic o China - En i onmen al
P o ec ion Adminis a ion (2024))
–Pakis an 2016 In en o y epo :de ailed da a o 1994, 2000, 2012. (Mi and Ijaz (2016))
–
Philippines NICCDIES 2025:main sec o da a o 1994, 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2020. Down-
scaled o PRIMAP-his sec o s using PRIMAP-his 2.6.1 TP scena io. (NICCDIES (2025))
–
Mexico 2023 In en o y: De ailed da a o 1990-2020. Only used o 2018 which is missing in
he CRT iles. (Ins i u o Nacional de Ecologia y Gambio Clima ico (INECC) (2015))
•UNFCCCDI: The e is no new in o ma ion since he las upda e
•
EI S a is ical Re iew o Wo ld Ene gy websi e has been upda ed o he 2025 e sion (Ene gy
Ins i u e (2025)).
11.1.2 Changes in PRIMAP-his sou ce c ea ion ( 2.7)
11.1.2.1 Me hodology changes ( 2.7)
•No changes
11.1.2.2 Da a sou ce p io i iza ion ( 2.7)
•
Replacemen wi h upda ed e sion o he da a. See Sec ion Changes in da a sou ces and p ep ocessing
( 2.7) abo e.
11.1.2.3 Sec o s and gases ( 2.7)
•No changes
11.1.2.4 Composi e sou ce gene a ion me hodology ( 2.7)
•No changes
11.1.2.5 Special ea men o indi idual coun ies ( 2.7)
•No changes o special ea men s.
11.1.3 Bug ixes and esol ed issues ( 2.7)
•
Bugs a ec ing indi idual coun ies a e lis ed on he coun y pages in he de ailed changelog a ailable
on zenodo..
9
11.4.2.5 Special ea men o indi idual coun ies ( 2.5.1)
•
Special ea men s o Albania (1.B.1, 1.B.2, 2.C), China (2.B), C oa ia (1.B.2), The Democ a ic
Republic o he Congo (1.A), F ance (1.B.2), Ghana (1.B.2), Jamaica (1.B.1), Jo dan (1.B.2), La ia
(2.C), Myanma (2.B), Namibia (2.A), Nige ia (2.C), Pakis an (1.B.2), Sain Lucia (1.B.1), Sain
Vincen and he G enadines (1.A), Saudi A abia (2.C), Vanua u (1.B.2) a e s ill in place (see Special
ea men o indi idual coun ies ( 2.5)). The special ea men s o Albania (2.A), Ando a (4),
India ( -gases), Spain (1.B.1) ha e been emo ed.
•
Dominican Republic: Scaling o EDGAR o UNFCCC da a gi es huge emissions o CO
2
in
ca ego y 2.C. We use he EDGAR alues o 1983-1997 di ec ly wi hou ham oniza ion.
•
Fo me So ie Union s a es: Se e al s a es o he o me So ie Union show e y high emissions
o CO
2
in ca ego y 2.C (me al indus y) 1978-1989. The p oduc ion da a published in he USGS
Mine al Yea book 1991 which co e s 1987-1991 does no show a signi ican change in p oduc ion
which could jus i y he high emissions di e ences be ween 1989 and 1990. EDGAR lis s USGS as
a sou ce o hei ac i i y da a o his sec o . We emo e he EDGAR 8.0 1978-1989 2.C CO
2
da a o he ollowing coun ies: Russia, Uk aine, Bela us, Uzbekis an. Tu kmenis an, Es onia,
Aze baijan, La ia, A menia, Li huania.
11.4.3 Bug ixes and esol ed issues ( 2.5.1)
•
N
2
O da a in 2.G is now ze o in he CR scena io as i has been added as ze o in he coun y epo ed
da a. (closes issue #74)
•
Coun y epo ed da a o 1994 ha e been emo ed o Bu kina Faso as hey we e inconsis en wi h
da a o la e yea s. (closes issue #53)
•Uno icial LULUCF da a was missing o CH4in 2.5. This has been sol ed (closes issue #79)
•
The dowscaling o he o me So ie Union o i ’s membe s a es lead o discon inui ies in CDIAC
emissions o some membe s a es, especially Geo gia. We ha e adjus ed he calcula ion o he
sha es o he downscaling o accoun o he apid emissions decline a e 1990 ha occu ed
di e en ly in di e en coun ies and now only use he i s yea wi h indi idual da a o calcula e
he sha es (ins ead o a mul i yea a e age). (closes issue #75)
•
In 2.5 he p o enance column sai “measu ed” while he da a is clea ly “de i ed”. This has been
ixed. (closes issue #78)
11.4.4 Known p oblems ( 2.5.1)
This lis ing only con ains issues ha a ec se e al coun ies. Fo indi idual coun y issues see also he
lis ing o de ailed pe coun y changes he ile PRIMAP-his _ 2.5_de ailed_CHANGELOG.pd .
•
FAO da a o syn he ic e ilize s do no co e he ull pe iod (1961 - 2018) o se e al coun ies.
In he 2020 elease da a o some coun ies we e emo ed leading o changed emission es ima es.
Some ime se ies s a la e han 1961, while o he s ha e gaps. We cu en ly use he summed
“Ag icul u al Soils” da a om he FAO emissions o al domain. We plan o use de ailed FAO da a
p ocessing in 2.5 again and sol e his issue. (issue #22)
•
In 2.2 he e was a p oblem wi h scaling o his o ical CO
2
emissions especially o 1.B.2 and
he USA. The new scaling algo i hm has alle ia ed his p oblem, bu i is no comple ely sol ed.
Coun ies a ec ed a e Belize, Mo occo, Mexico, Tu key, USA. (issue #34)
•
P ocess emissions om lime p oduc ion (2.A.2) a e cu en ly no included in he hi d pa y p io i y
(TP) scena io, as we use And ew cemen da a as a p oxy o sec o 2.A. To include lime p ocess
emissions sub-sec o esolu ion o 2.A would ha e o be in oduced. (issue #38)
•
EDGAR da a o N
2
O, 1.B.1 is e y limi ed o some coun ies, hus ex apola ion gene a es mos
o he da a o hose coun ies. The main p oblem is C oa ia, howe e i ’s no ele an on he le el
o agg ega e emissions. (issue #42)
•
Fo some coun ies some imese ies s a la e han 1750, so long ange his o ical da a (CEDS e c.)
a e (pa ly) missing. This issues has been ixed o mos cases, bu a ew emain. (see issue #56)
•
Fo p oblems ha we e ound a e he elease o he da ase , please consul he issue acke
gi hub.com/JGue schow/PRIMAP-his . I you encoun e a p oblem please add an issue o con ac
he au ho s di ec ly.
16

11.4.5 No ewo hy changes ( 2.5.1)
He e we only lis changes a ec ing all coun ies, coun y g oups o se e al coun ies. Fo de ailed pe
coun y changes please consul he de ailed changelog a ailable on zenode and he p imap.o g websi e.
•
Upda es o inpu da a a e mos ly o hi d pa y sou ces, hus he changes in he hi d pa y
(TP) scena io a e highe and a ec mo e sec o s han he changes in he coun y epo ed p io i y
scena io (CR). In bo h scena ios non-AnnexI coun ies ha e mo e and highe changes han AnnexI
coun ies.
•
CDIAC da a ha e been upda ed o he 2023 elease which co e s h ee addi ional yea s. This leads o
changes o he las yea s in ene gy CO
2
emissions o se e al coun ies, especially in he TP scena io.
•
The upda e o EDGAR da a has changed emissions in he TP scena io and o coun ies wi h
limi ed coun y epo ed da a also he CR scena io. Sec o s a ec ed mos a e 1.B.1, 1.B.2, 2.C,
and 2.D. As he new license o EDGAR ene gy CO
2
da a is incompa ible wi h he PRIMAP-his
license we ha e comple ely emo ed he da a. This only a ec e y ew coun ies (no ed in he
coun y de ails)
•
The upda e o FAOSTAT da a ha e mos ly a ec ed he las wo yea s (as 2021 da a we e added),
bu some coun ies also ha e changes o longe ime pe iods.
11.5 2.5 (Oc obe 2023)
The 2.5 elease upda es mainly coun y epo ed da a and ex ends he ime se ies by one yea o 2022.
New and upda ed inpu da a sou ces a e UNFCCC da a o AnnexI and non-AnnexI da a, EI da a
(Ene gy Ins i u e (2023)), and cemen p ocess emissions da a (And ew (2023)). F-gas da a a e now
included om EDGAR 7.0. The changelog p esen ed he e is a sho ened e sion o he ull changelog
a ailable in he ile PRIMAP-his _ 2.5_de ailed_CHANGELOG.pd .
11.5.1 Changes in da a sou ces and p ep ocessing ( 2.5)
•Da a sou ce upda es
– CRF has been upda ed o he 2023 submissions (closes issues #64,#65)
–
UNFCCC da a o non-AnnexI coun ies ha e been combined om di e en sou ces (DI
in e ace and BURs / NCs / NIRs ead om pd / xlsx). Se e al new and olde epo s ha e been
included (closes issues #66,#67). We e e o his sou ce as UNFCCCALL. New (and olde )
BURs / NIRs / NCs ha e been added o he coun ies lis ed below. The yea s co e ed a e added
in pa en heses. O en no all yea s ha e a ull in en o y hus downscaling is needed o make
he da a usable o PRIMAP-his . Fo some submissions indi idual yea s o ime se ies ha e
o be emo ed due o e o s o inconsis encies wi h o he da a sou ces. Fo mo e in o ma ion
check he ull changelog a ailable in he ile PRIMAP-his _ 2.5_de ailed_CHANGELOG.pd .
∗A ghanis an: BUR1 (1990-2017)
∗Albania: NC4 (2009-2019), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗
Ando a: BUR4 (1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010-2019), combined wi h da a om olde
BURs
∗A menia: BUR3 (2017), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗
An igua and Ba buda: BUR1 (2015), NC3 (2006), combined wi h da a om he
UNFCCC DI po al
∗Aze baijan: NC4 (1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010-2016)
∗Benin: BUR1 (1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010-2014, 2015)
∗Bangladesh: NC3 (2012), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Bah ain: NC3 (2007), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Bahamas: BUR1 (2001-2018)
∗Belize: BUR1 (2012, 2015, 2017), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Boli ia: NC3 (2006, 2008), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗B unei Da ussalam: NC2 (2010-2014)
∗Bhu an: BUR1 (1994-2020), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Bo swana: NC3 (2014), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Chile: BUR5 (1990-2018)
∗Cook Islands: NC3 (2007-2014), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Cape Ve de: NC3 (1995, 2000, 2005, 2010)
17
∗Cos a Rica: NIR (1990, 1996, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2012-2017)
∗
Cuba: BUR1 (2016), NC3 (2010, 2012, 2014), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI
po al
∗Djibou i: NC3 (2010), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗
Dominican Republic: BUR1 (2015), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗
Ecuado : NIR (1994, 2000, 2006, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018), combined wi h da a
om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Egyp : BUR1 (2015), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗E i ea: BUR1 (2018), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Fiji: NC3 (2006-2011), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Gabon: NIR o BUR1 (1994, 2000, 2005, 2010-2017)
∗Geo gia: NC4 (1990-2017), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Ghana: NIR5 (1990-2018)
∗Gambia: NC3 (2010), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗G enada: NC2 (2000-2014), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗
Gua emala: NC3 (1990, 1994, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, 2016), combined wi h da a om
he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Hondu as: BUR1 (2005, 2015), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗
Indonesia: BUR3 (2019), combined wi h da a om BUR 1 and 2 and he UNFCCC DI
po al
∗India: BUR3 (2011-2015), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗I an: NC3 (2010), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Is ael: BUR2 (1996-2020), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Jo dania: NC4 (2017), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Ky gyzs an: BUR1 and NIR (1990-2018)
∗Cambodia: BUR1 (1994-2016)
∗Kuwai : NC2 (2000), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗
Lao People’s Democ a ic Republic: BUR1 (2014), combined wi h da a om he
UNFCCC DI po al
∗
Lebanon: BUR4 (2018), NC4 (2019), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗
Sain Lucia: BUR1 (2000, 2005, 2010, 2014-2018), combined wi h da a om UNFCCC
DI po al
∗
Leso ho: BUR1 (2011-2017), NC3 (2005-2010), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC
DI po al
∗Mo occo: BUR3 (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018)
∗Republic o Moldo a: NC5 (1990-2020)
∗
No h Macedonia: NIR4 (1990, 2000, 2014-2019), BUR3 (1990, 2000, 2005, 2014-2016),
combined wi h da a om BUR2 and he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Mon eneg o: NIR o BUR3 (1990-2019)
∗
Mozambique: New da a in he DI in e ace (2000, 2005, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016). Bu
sec o al esolu ion no su icien o mos sec o s.
∗Mau i ius: BUR1 and NIR (2001-2016), NIR (2000)
∗Malawi: BUR1 (2010), NC3 (1995-1999)
∗Malaysia: BUR4 (1990-2019)
∗Nige ia: BUR2 (2000-2017)
∗Nica agua: NC3 (2000, 2005, 2010)
∗Panama: BUR2 and NIR (1994-2017)
∗Papua New Guinea: NIR o BUR2 (2000, 2005, 2010-2017)
∗Pe u: BUR3 (2000, 2005, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2019)
∗Pue o Rico: BUR3 (2017), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Rwanda: BUR1 (2006-2018)
∗Sou h Ko ea: 2022 in en o y (1990-2020)
∗Saudi A abia: NC4 (2016), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Singapo e: BUR4 (1994, 2000, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018)
∗Sie a Leone: NC3 (2005, 2007-2010)
∗El Sal ado : BUR1 (2014), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Somalia: BUR1 (2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, 2020)
∗Se bia: NC2 (1990, 2000, 2005, 2010-2014)
18
∗
Sao Tome and P incipe: BUR1 (2012, 2016, 2018), combined wi h da a om he
UNFCCC DI po al
∗Thailand: BUR4 (2000-2019)
∗Togo: BUR2 (2018), combined wi h da a om BUR1 and he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Tajikis an: BUR1 (2014), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Timo Les e: NC2 (2005-2015)
∗T inidad: and Tobago NC3 (2006-2018)
∗Tunesia: NC3 (2010, 2012), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗
U uguay: BUR2 (1990, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014),
combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI po al
∗Uzbekis an: BUR1 (1990, 2000, 2010-2017)
∗Vanua u: NC3 (2007-2015)
∗Samoa: NC2 (1994-2007)
∗
Zambia: BUR1 (1995, 2005, 2010-2016), combined wi h da a om he UNFCCC DI
po al
∗Zimbabwe: BUR1 (2017), NC4 (1994, 2000, 2006, 2010)
–
S a is ical Re iew o Wo ld Ene gy 2023 Da a published by he Ene gy Ins i u e o
ene gy CO
2
ha e been included (closes issue #63). The da a eplaced he 2022 e sion
(published by BP)
–
EDGAR 7.0 F-gas da a ha e been included (closes issue #58). The -gas emissions es ima es
a e e y di e en om olde EDGAR e sions. Fo all AnnexI and some non-AnnexI coun ies
coun y epo ed da a a e now used as a basis o EDGAR -gase emissions. To b ing he
global bo om up emissions es ima es in line wi h global es ima es he emaining emissions
(a leasy o HFCs) a e spli o e he emaining coun ies using hei HCFC use as a p oxy
as HFCs a e used o eplace HCFCs. This leads o much lowe HFC emissions es ima es o
many AnnexI coun ies and much highe HFC emissions es ima es o a lo o non-AnnexI
coun ies. Fo mo e in o ma ion on he me hodology see Oli ie (Augs 2022).
– And ew cemen emissions da a ha e been upda ed o he Sep embe 2023 e sion.
•
Fo some coun ies sec o 3.C.1.a - biomass bu ning in o es land was mapped o he ag icul u al
sec o un il 2.4.2 because mapping was done on all BURs oge he and no all coun ies esol ed
he 3.C.1 subca ego ies. We now do he mapping on a pe coun y basis and map 3.C.1.a and
3.C.1.d - biomass bu ning in all o he land o he LULUCF sec o whe e possible.
•
We now p ocess he non-nume ical lags o some addi ional BURs which leads o some ze o
ime-se ies which we e NaN be o e and in consequence illed wi h da a om o he sou ces.
•We emo e nega i e da a in EDGAR o CO2and CH4in ca ego y 1.B.1.
11.5.2 Changes in PRIMAP-his sou ce c ea ion ( 2.5)
11.5.2.1 Me hodology changes ( 2.5) No changes
11.5.2.2 Da a sou ce p io i iza ion ( 2.5)
•
Replacemen wi h upda ed e sion o he da a. See Sec ion Changes in da a sou ces and p ep ocessing
( 2.5) abo e.
11.5.2.3 Sec o s and gases ( 2.5)
•Gas baske imese ies wi h AR5 and AR6 GWPs ha e been added (closes issue #62)
11.5.2.4 Composi e sou ce gene a ion me hodology ( 2.5)
•
HFCs show a s eep decline in ecen yea s o se e al AnnexI coun ies. This has no been modeled
by he ex apola ion in 2.4.2 and ea lie as he pe iod o calcula ing he end was oo long. We
ha e sho ened his pe iod o 2.5 om 15 o 8 yea s.
•
Some u he small me hodology changes ha e been implemen ed o ix issues wi h ex apola ion.
See Sec ion Bug ixes and esol ed issues ( 2.5) below.
19
11.5.2.5 Special ea men o indi idual coun ies ( 2.5)
•
Special ea men s o Ando a, China, C oa ia, The Democ a ic Republic o he Congo, F ance,
India, La ia, Namibia, Pakis an, and Saudi A abia a e s ill in place (see Special ea men o
indi idual coun ies ( 2.4)). The special ea men o Iceland has been emo ed as i is no longe
necessa y wi h he new EDGAR -gas da a.
•
Albania: The exis ing special ea men o CO
2
in 2.A and 2.C emains in place. Addi ionally we
ex apola e UNFCCCALL da a o 1.B.1, CO
2
o co e 1993 - 2022 because scaling EDGAR o
UNFCCCALL gi es huge emissions. The same is done o 1.B.2, N2O o 1986-2022
•
Ghana: We ex apola e UNFCCCALL da a o 1.B.2, CO
2
un il 2022 because scaling EDGAR o
UNFCCCALL gi es huge emissions.
•
Jamaika: We ex apola e EDGAR da a o 1.B.1, CH
4
o co e 1965 - 2022 because scaling CEDS
o EDGAR gi es huge emissions.
•
Jo dan: We ex apola e UNFCCCALL da a o 1.B.2, CO
2
o co e 1988 - 2022 because scaling
EDGAR o UNFCCCALL gi es huge emissions.
•
La ia: We ha e added CO
2
o he ix o 2.C (adding CRF da a o EDGAR di ec ly o a oid
scaling a i ac s)
•
Myanma : We emo e EDGAR da a o CO
2
in 2.B because i has e y high luc ua ions and is
ze o o se e al sho pe iods be ween non-ze o da a.
•
Nige ia: We ex apola e UNFCCCALL da a o 2.C, CO
2
o 5 yea s in o he pas because scaling
CEDS o EDGAR gi es huge emissions.
•
Sain Lucia: We ex apola e EDGAR da a o 1.B.1, CH
4
o co e 1965 - 2022 because scaling
CEDS o EDGAR gi es huge emissions.
•
Sain Vincen and he G enadines: We ex apola e EDGAR da a o 1.A, CH
4
o co e 1965 -
2022 because scaling CEDS o EDGAR gi es huge emissions.
•
Spain: We ex apola e EDGAR da a o 1.B.1, CO
2
un il 2022 because scaling CRF o EDGAR
gi es huge emissions.
•
Vanua u: We ex apola e EDGAR da a o 1.B.2, CH
4
o co e 1960 - 2022 because CEDS da a
ha e e y high luc ua ions and a e no consis en wi h EDGAR da a.
11.5.3 Bug ixes and esol ed issues ( 2.5)
•
F-gas baske s we e no comple e in he old PRIMAP so wa e. A ew HFCs we e missing in he
HFC baske om he -gas baske addi ionally NF3 was missing. This impac ed a ew coun ies.
•Sou h A ica: 2014 da a in ene gy CO2was e y low due o an e o and has been emo ed.
•
Ca ego y 5 (“o he ”) was missing in CRF da a in 2.4.2. Only ew coun ies ha e epo ed emissions
in his ca ego y, howe e many ha e epo ed ha he e a e no emission om he sec o . Thus he
EDGAR imese ies used ha e been eplaced by 0 leading o lowe emissions o se e al Annex I
coun ies. (closes issue #57).
•
The issue wi h SF6 imese ies in he TP scena io has been esol ed by he new EDGAR da a (closes
issue #19).
•
Sou ces o nega i e emissions in non-LULUCF and non-CCS ca ego ies ha e been emo ed by
emo ing inpu da a and ixing a bug (closes issue #70).
•Sec o 1.C emissions (ca bon cap u e and anspo ) a e now included. (closes issue #61)
•
All-ze o imese ies we e some imes ex ended and / o in e pola ed wi h non-ze o da a. This has
been ixed.
•
Sec o 1.B.1, N2O emissions: Ex apola ion me hods ha e been changed o i he sho ime pe iod
co e ed by EDGAR da a o some coun ies. (ad ances issue #42)
•
The issue o e y high ex apola ed emissions o some coun ies in 1.B.1, CH
4
has been ixed by
changing he calcula ion o he end alues used o ma ching CEDS o he highe p io i y da a
sou ces o 1.B.1. We no longe calcula e end om he yea s p eceding he ma ching yea because
hese show he s eep emissions decline esul ing a nea ze o ma ching alue and consequen ly a e y
high ini ial scaling ac o o CEDS. (closes issue #40)
•Fixed a bug leading o missing ex apola ion p e 1960/70 o some small coun ies like Ando a
•
Fixed issue wi h inconsis en UNFCCC epo ed da a o Geo gia by including da a om he NIR
submi ed wi h NC4. (closes issue #55)
•
Fixed issue wi h inconsis en UNFCCC epo ed da a o Palau by emo ing inconsis en da a and
da a no in line wi h NC2. (closes issue #54)
•
La ia. A imese ies ha moniza ion p oblem leading o an emission spike in sec o 2.C o CO
2
has
20
been ixed.
11.5.4 Known p oblems ( 2.5)
This lis ing only con ains issues ha a ec se e al coun ies. Fo indi idual coun y issues see also he
lis ing o de ailed pe coun y changes he ile PRIMAP-his _ 2.5_de ailed_CHANGELOG.pd .
•
FAO da a o syn he ic e ilize s do no co e he ull pe iod (1961 - 2018) o se e al coun ies.
In he 2020 elease da a o some coun ies we e emo ed leading o changed emission es ima es.
Some ime se ies s a la e han 1961, while o he s ha e gaps. We cu en ly use he summed
“Ag icul u al Soils” da a om he FAO emissions o al domain. We plan o use de ailed FAO da a
p ocessing in 2.5 again and sol e his issue. (issue #22)
•
In 2.2 he e was a p oblem wi h scaling o his o ical CO
2
emissions especially o 1.B.2 and
he USA. The new scaling algo i hm has alle ia ed his p oblem, bu i is no comple ely sol ed.
Coun ies a ec ed a e Belize, Mo occo, Mexico, Tu key, USA. (issue #34)
•
P ocess emissions om lime p oduc ion (2.A.2) a e cu en ly no included in he hi d pa y p io i y
(TP) scena io, as we use And ew cemen da a as a p oxy o sec o 2.A. To include lime p ocess
emissions sub-sec o esolu ion o 2.A would ha e o be in oduced. (issue #38)
•
EDGAR da a o N
2
O, 1.B.1 is e y limi ed o some coun ies, hus ex apola ion gene a es mos
o he da a o hose coun ies. The main p oblem is C oa ia, howe e i ’s no ele an on he le el
o agg ega e emissions. (issue #42)
•
Fo some coun ies some imese ies s a la e han 1750, so long ange his o ical da a (CEDS e c.)
a e (pa ly) missing. This issues has been ixed o mos cases, bu a ew emain. (see issue #56)
•
Fo p oblems ha we e ound a e he elease o he da ase , please consul he issue acke
gi hub.com/JGue schow/PRIMAP-his . I you encoun e a p oblem please add an issue o con ac
he au ho s di ec ly.
11.5.5 No ewo hy changes ( 2.5)
He e we only lis changes a ec ing all coun ies, coun y g oups o se e al coun ies. Fo de ailed pe
coun y changes please consul he de ailed changelog (PRIMAP-his _ 2.5_de ailed_CHANGELOG.pd ).
•
Upda es o inpu da a a e mos ly o coun y epo ed sou ces, hus he changes in he coun y
epo ed (CR) scena io a e highe and a ec mo e sec o s han he changes in he hi d pa y
p io i y scena io (TP).
•
In he hi d pa y scena io changes in 2021 a e limi ed o ene gy CO
2
, cemen CO
2
and -gases
o mos coun ies. Only o hese sec o s / gases inpu da a ha e been upda ed. Few coun ies
ha e changes in o he sec o s, ei he because bugs wi h e.g. ha moniza ion o lowe p io i y da a
sou ces ha e been ixed, o because he e a e no da a o a ce ain sec o / gas combina ion such
ha coun y epo ed da a a e used. Changes in cumula i e emissions a e low o mos coun ies
excep o -gases whe e a majo change in he me hodology used by EDGAR has shi ed HFC
emissions om AnnexI coun ies o non-AnnexI coun ies. BP2022 had a 22% dec ease o ene gy
CO2 emissions in he “o he eu ope” egion o 2021. This has been co ec ed and a ec s se e al
smalle eu opean coun ies. O he coun ies and egions ha e seen adjus men s o 2021 g ow h
a es as well.
•
Fo he coun y epo ed p io i y scena io we dis inguish be ween AnnexI and non-AnnexI coun ies
–
AnnexI coun ies ha e egula epo ing equi emen s leading o good da a co e age and
mos ly only small changes o exis ing da a. As 2021 da a was no aken om CRF in 2.4.2
bu ex ended om CRF da a o 2020 using g ow h a es om hi d pa y sou ces like BP,
EDGAR 7.0, and And ew we ha e changes o 2021 o many coun ies, sec o s, and gases
which a e mos ly below 2%, bu o 7 coun ies in he ange o 2%-5% and o 3 coun ies in he
5%-10% ange. Changes o cumula i e emissions a e small (no coun y abo e 2% o M.0.EL
Kyo oGHG emissions). High changes a e common o HFCs as HFC emissions a e s eeply
declining o many AnnexI coun ies in he las ew yea s. This decline was no modeled by he
nume ical ex apola ion used in 2.4.2 as he pe iod o calcula ing he end was signi ican ly
longe han he pe iod o emissions decline. We ha e now sho ened he end pe iod o HFCs
o a oid his p oblem in he u u e.
–
Fo many non-AnnexI coun ies we ha e included new coun y epo ed da a. As epo ing
equi emen s a e lowe o non-Annex coun ies and epo s a e less equen and ha e mo e
me hodological eedom, da a o he same coun ies om di e en epo s can ha e high
21

di e ences. This no only leads o challenges ega ding consis ency when combining da a om
di e en epo s, bu also o high changes in emissions be ween epo s o se e al de eloping
coun ies. Some de eloping coun ies epo in a e y s uc u ed way and da a a e simila ly
s uc u ed and consis en among epo s as AnnexI coun y da a. Bu o many o he coun ies
we ha e e y high changes o se e al gases and sec o s o bo h 2021 and cumula i e emissions.
As -gases a e o en no included in coun y epo s he changes in EDGAR -gas da a also
play a ole o he coun y epo ed scena io.
11.6 2.4.2 (Ma ch 2023)
The 2.4.2 elease is a mino bug ix elease wi h no new inpu da a and no changes o me hods excep o
a bug ix a ec ing sou ce ha moniza ion in special cases.
11.6.1 Changes in PRIMAP-his sou ce c ea ion ( 2.4.2)
No changes
11.6.2 Changes in da a sou ces and p ep ocessing ( 2.4.2)
No changes
11.6.3 Bug ixes and esol ed issues ( 2.4.2)
2.4.2 ixed a bug in he gene a ion o he composi e sou ce which in luenced he ha moniza ion o
lowe p io i y sou ces in some cases including acciden al disca ding o he las da a poin o he highe
p io i y sou ce. The bug in luenced 2020 and 2021 emissions o Annex I coun ies and longe pe iods o
non-Annex I coun ies. Fo mos coun ies he in luence is e y small and no no ewo hy, bu o some
coun y-sec o s-gas imese ies wi h high luc ua ions / changes in g ow h a es he in luence is highe .
The bug has been in oduced in 2.4. We lis he changes below.
11.6.4 Known p oblems ( 2.4.2)
see Known p oblems ( 2.4.1) below
11.6.5 No ewo hy changes ( 2.4.2)
He e, we lis he mos impo an changes in o al and pe sec o / pe gas emissions and hei easons.
We limi ou analysis o he pe iod o 1990 - 2021 he e. The analysis is based on ca ego y M.0.EL, and
he Kyo o GHG baske using AR4 GWPs. Addi ionally we look a changes in he las yea s as hese
we e a ec ed by he bug ha his elease co ec s.
11.6.5.1 No able changes in o al Kyo o GHG (AR4) emissions (1990 - 2021) ( 2.4.2)
•Changes o 20-50% in cumula i e emissions None
•Changes o 10-20% in cumula i e emissions None
•Changes o 5-10% in cumula i e emissions
–
Bosnia and He zego ina (CR): In sec o 1.A, CO
2
he las yea o da a in he UNFCCCDI
da ase was no used. As he end is opposi e o he end in CDIAC, he nex p io i y sou ce,
he inclusion o he da apoin in 2.4.2 has high in luence on esul ing emissions pas 2013 in
ha sec o .
11.6.5.2 Changes o indi idual yea s and sec o s ( 2.4.2) The bug ha was ixed wi h he
elease a ec ed only ew yea s in mos cases and hus he changes in emissions a e no included in he
lis ing abo e. We discuss he mos p ominen changes he e:
•
Fo 2015 he only coun y wi h a M.0.EL Kyo o GHG change o o e 1.5% is Bosnia and
He zego ina (15%) (see abo e).
•Fo 2020 we ha e 4 coun ies wi h changes o o e 10%.
– Namibia (CR, TP),
22
–
G eece (CR): G ow h a es o ene gy CO
2
a e di e en in CRF2022 and BP2022 da a o
2019-2020 (highe educ ions in BP han in CRF, hus co ec ed emissions a e highe han
emissions in 2.4.1).
– Bosnia and He zego ina (CR): see abo e
–
Fiji (CR, TP). 2016-2017 g ow h a e in CDIAC is much lowe han in BP. CDIAC 2017
da a poin was no used in 2.4.1 (BP da a was used ins ead), hus emissions we e highe in
2.4.1 han in 2.4.2.
•
10 coun ies ha e 2020 changes be ween 5 and 10%: Bo swana (CR, TP in M.AG), Denma k (CR
in 1, 2, 5), Es onia (CR in 1, 2, 5), Iceland (CR in 1, 2), Malaysia (CR in 1, 2, M.AG), Namibia
(CR in M.AG), Papua New Guinea (CR, TP in 1), Qa a (CR, TP in 1), Sou h Sudan (CR, TP in
M.AG), Uk aine (CR in 1, 4), and Sou h A ica (CR in 1, 2, M.AG).
•
Changes in 2021 emissions a e simila o changes in 2020 emissions. Fo de ails we e e o he ile
changes_PRIMAP-his _ 2.4.2_ o_ 2.4.1.xlsx a ailable wi h he da ase .
11.7 2.4.1 (Feb ua y 2023)
The 2.4.1 elease upda es mainly hi d pa y da a. Time se ies a e no ex ended and co e 1750 o 2021.
UNFCCC CRF da a and da a om he DI in e ace ha e been upda ed, howe e he changes a e mino .
In he hi d pa y da a ca ego y FAOSTAT has been upda ed o he 2022 elease (Food and Ag icul u e
O ganiza ion o he Uni ed Na ions (2023)) and EDGAR has been upda ed o 7.0 (JRC (2022)). The e
ha e been no upda es o da a p ocessing.
11.7.1 Changes in PRIMAP-his sou ce c ea ion ( 2.4.1)
11.7.1.1 Me hodology changes ( 2.4.1) No changes
11.7.1.2 Da a sou ce p io i iza ion ( 2.4.1)
•Replacemen wi h upda ed e sion o he da a.
11.7.1.3 Sec o s and gases ( 2.4.1) No changes
11.7.1.4 Composi e sou ce gene a ion me hodology ( 2.4.1) No changes
11.7.1.5 Special ea men o indi idual coun ies ( 2.4.1)
•
Special ea men s o Albania, Ando a, China, C oa ia, The Democ a ic Republic o he Congo,
F ance, Iceland, India, La ia, Namibia, Pakis an, and Saudi A abia a e s ill in place (see Special
ea men o indi idual coun ies ( 2.4)).
11.7.2 Changes in da a sou ces and p ep ocessing ( 2.4.1)
11.7.2.1 Inpu sou ce upda es ( 2.4.1)
•
CRF da a ha e been upda ed o inco po a e he 2022 submissions un il Jan 23, 2023 wi h he
inal 2021 submissions as backup o ill po en ially missing 2022 da a. The las da a yea is now
2020 o all ca ego ies and gases. Upda es s he 2022 da a used in 2.4 (2023.09.26) a e: C oa ia,
Liech ens ein, Luxembou g, Poland, Po ugal, Romania, Slo akia, and Slo enia. Changes a e mos ly
o indi idual sec o s and yea s and only ha e a small e ec on agg ega e emissions.
•
UNFCCC “De ailed Da a by Pa y” has been upda ed o da a a ailable by Jan 23, 2022 (no changes
since Oc 2022). Since he e sion used in PRIMAP-his 2.4 (P lüge and Gü schow (2022)) we
ha e he ollowing changes :
–
Bahamas: Was e CH
4
da a poin in 2000 wi h e y high emissions has been changed. Emissions
a e now lowe .
–Chad has added da a
–
Dominican Republic: Added single da a poin imese ies which a e 0. No e ec on PRIMAP-his
–Geo gia: co ec ed da a
–Indonesia: Added a single da a poin imese ies which is 0. No e ec on PRIMAP-his
–Is ael: Da a o some ag icul u al sec o s has been emo ed.
–Moldo a: added da a bu jus imese ies which a e 0
23
–
Pakis an: Added o may sec o /gas combina ions bu he da a is no su icien o be used in
PRIMAP-his as i co e s only 2015.
–
S i Lanka: Adjus ed 1994 da a o some ca ego ies and gases. No e ec on PRIMAP-his as
he da a is cu en ly no used.
•
EDGAR: Ve sion 7.0 o he EDGAR da ase now co e s 1970 - 2021. Da a o he la es yea s a e
based on a “ as - ack” app oach which in he case o ene gy CO
2
is he ex ension o emissions
wi h ene gy CO
2
g ow h a es om BP ( he same app oach aken in PRIMAP-his ). Fo o he
sec o s p oxy da a and nume ical me hods a e used. Fo non-CO
2
he me hodology has no been
published ye . Emissions es ima es o se e al coun ies and sec o /gas combina ions ha e changed,
howe e o mos sec o s no in a sys ema ical way bu on a pe coun y, sec o and gas le el
(some imes changes o coun ies in he same egion a e simila ). Whe e hese changes impac
agg ega e emissions we desc ibe hem in he No ewo hy changes ( 2.4.1) sec ion below.
•
FAOSTAT: Mos imese ies a e ex ensions o las yea s da a. Howe e , a ew sec o / gas combina-
ions ha e sys ema ical changes. 3.A.2 o N
2O
is sys ema ically highe han in p e ious FAOSTAT
eleases. The ag icul u al sec o as a whole howe e is unchanged o many coun ies and he highe
emissions in 3.A.2 a e con as ed by lowe emissions in 3.C(4/5). Thus hese changes a e likely due
o a eassignmen o sec o o emissions om some manu e ela ed ac i i y. O he changes a ec
only indi idual coun ies. Whe e hese changes impac agg ega e emissions we desc ibe hem in he
No ewo hy changes ( 2.4.1) sec ion below.
11.7.2.2 Changes in p ep ocessing ( 2.4.1) No changes
11.7.3 Bug ixes and esol ed issues ( 2.4.1)
11.7.4 Known p oblems ( 2.4.1)
•
SF
6
emissions in he TP ime se ies a e oo low o some coun ies. This issue has only pa ly been
ixed. The inclusion o sec o 2.F.8.b has dec eased emissions o some coun ies as EDGAR 4.2
is scaled o ma ch 4.2 FT2010 i i is p esen , and o hose coun ies 2.F.8.b is he only sec o
wi h da a in 4.2 FT 2010. Fo Iceland he 2.F.8.b da a a e clea ly w ong and se e al o de s o
magni ude oo high. (issue #19)
•
FAO da a o syn he ic e ilize s do no co e he ull pe iod (1961 - 2018) o se e al coun ies.
In he 2020 elease da a o some coun ies we e emo ed leading o changed emission es ima es.
Some ime se ies s a la e han 1961, while o he s ha e gaps. We cu en ly use he summed
“Ag icul u al Soils” da a om he FAO emissions o al domain. We plan o use de ailed FAO da a
p ocessing in 2.5 again and sol e his issue. (issue #22)
•
In 2.2 he e was a p oblem wi h scaling o his o ical CO
2
emissions especially o 1.B.2 and
he USA. The new scaling algo i hm has alle ia ed his p oblem, bu i is no comple ely sol ed.
Coun ies a ec ed a e Belize, Mo occo, Mexico, Tu key, USA. (issue #34)
•
P ocess emissions om lime p oduc ion (2.A.2) a e cu en ly no included in he hi d pa y p io i y
(TP) scena io, as we use And ew cemen da a as a p oxy o sec o 2.A. To include lime p ocess
emissions sub-sec o esolu ion o 2.A would ha e o be in oduced. (issue #38)
•
Despi e he new algo i hm o scaling o ea ly emissions da a o he mo e ecen sou ces desc ibed
in Me hodology changes ( 2.3) he scaling o CEDS da a is in some cases p oblema ic e.g. when he
CEDS da a shows a s ongly dec easing end be o e he ma ching yea (see e.g. Sain Lucia CH
4
in 1.B.1). (issue #40)
•
EDGAR da a o N
2
O, 1.B.1 is e y limi ed o some coun ies, hus ex apola ion gene a es mos
o he da a o hose coun ies. The main p oblem is C oa ia, howe e i ’s no ele an on he le el
o agg ega e emissions. (issue #42)
•
Bu kina Faso (CR ime se ies): 0 alue in UNFCCCDI o 1.A, CH
4
lead o e y low emssion.
O he alues o ha yea don’ i he es o he ime se ies ei he . (see issue #53)
•
Palau (CR imese ies): UNFCCC da a o M.AG.ELV, CH
4
has a e y high peak. In es iga e he
sou ce o he da a o check i i is co ec . (see issue #54)
•
Geo gia (CR, TP imese ies): Da apoin s added in UNFCCC DI da a o was e CH
4
, N
2
O, O he
CO
2
, N
2
O, which a e e y low. In es iga e he sou ce o he da a o check i i is co ec . (see issue
#55)
•
Fo some coun ies some imese ies s a la e han 1750, so long ange his o ical da a (CEDS e c.)
a e (pa ly) missing. This is he case o small coun ies, e.g. Ando a, Monaco (CO
2
, di e en
sec o s). (see issue #56)
24
•
Fo Aze baijan, HFC emissions d op o almos 0 in 2013 in he UNFCCC DI da a. The da a used
in PRIMAP-his a e consis en wi h he da a in he UNFCCC DI po al. Check i he e is a GWP
e o in he 2013 da a in he DI po al. 2013 alues o some o he sec o s / gases also de ia e om
he end o he o he da a poin s. (see issue #53)
•
The “O he ” sec o is missing in he CRF da a a ailable in he UNFCCC_non-AnnexI _da a
eposi o y. This a ec s Swi ze land and New Zealand. (see issue #53)
•
Fo p oblems ha we e ound a e he elease o he da ase , please consul he issue acke
gi hub.com/JGue schow/PRIMAP-his . I you encoun e a p oblem please add an issue o con ac
he au ho s di ec ly.
11.7.5 No ewo hy changes ( 2.4.1)
He e, we lis he mos impo an changes in o al and pe sec o / pe gas emissions and hei easons.
We limi ou analysis o he pe iod o 1990 - 2021 he e. The analysis is based on ca ego y M.0.EL, and
he Kyo o GHG baske using AR4 GWPs.
11.7.5.1 No able changes in o al Kyo o GHG (AR4) emissions (1990 - 2021) ( 2.4.1)
•Changes o 20-50% in cumula i e emissions
–
CHAD (CR): The new UNFCCCDI da a ha a e a ailable o he ag icul u al sec o a e
much lowe han he FAO da a used be o e.
–
Timo -Les e (CR, TP): EDGAR 7.0 da a di e om EDGAR 6.0 o ecen yea s in sec o
1.B.2 which is a majo sec o o Timo -Les e.
•Changes o 10-20% in cumula i e emissions
–
Sain Helena, Ascension, and T is an da Cunha (CR, TP): EDGAR 7.0 and cu en
FAOSTAT da a con ain no ag icul u al da a o Sain Helena, Ascension, and T is an da
Cunha. As he e a e no coun y epo ed da a he e is no AFOLU da a o Sain Helena,
Ascension, and T is an da Cunha in PRIMAP-his 2.4.1.
•Changes o 5-10% in cumula i e emissions
–
Ghana (CR, TP): The new EDGAR da a has conside ably inc eased es ima es o ugi i e
emissions in he la es yea s o all gases leading o s ong inc eases in M.0.EL Kyo oGHG
emission es ima es o he la es yea s.
–
Hai i (TP): EDGAR 6.0 da a o 1.B.1 was much lowe be o e 2005 han a e 2005. In 7.0
he da a be o e 2005 a e simila o he da a a e 2005 and in consequence he emissions in
PRIMAP-his (TP) a e highe be o e 2005 as well. CH4and N2O a e a ec ed.
–
Papua New Guinea (CR, TP): Upda ed EDGAR ugi i e emissions (1.B.2) a e much lowe
o ecen yea s han emissions in EDGAR 6.0, leading o o e all lowe emissions in ecen
yea s in PRIMAP-his 2.4.1.
–
Sie a Leone (CR, TP): The upda ed FAO da a a e lowe o ca ego y 3.C.1, leading o
lowe ag icul u al emissions in PRIMAP-his 2.4.1; The new EDGAR da a ha e adjus ed
es ima es o ecen yea s and lowe ed emissions es ima es in 1.A o CO2. As we don’ ha e
coun y epo ed da a o Sie a Leone, his a ec s he CR and TP ime se ies equally.
–
Vanua u (CR, TP): FAO emissions da a ha e been co ec ed downwa ds o ecen yea s.
As we don’ ha e coun y epo ed da a o Vanua u his a ec s he CR and TP imese ies
equally.
11.8 2.4 (Oc obe 2022)
The 2.4 elease upda es mainly coun y epo ed da a and ex ends he ime se ies by wo yea s o 2021.
New and upda ed inpu da a sou ces a e UNFCCC da a o AnnexI and non-AnnexI da a, BP da a
(B i ish Pe oleum (2022)), and cemen p ocess emissions da a (And ew (2022)). UNFCCC da a a e now
ead om xlsx and pd iles using he new PRIMAP2 so wa e (h ps://gi hub.com/pik-p imap/p imap2)
which enable p ocessing o non-nume ical lags and enables a mo e p ecise ea men o sec o s whe e no
da a a e epo ed (see Changes in p ep ocessing ( 2.4)).
11.8.1 Changes in PRIMAP-his sou ce c ea ion ( 2.4)
11.8.1.1 Me hodology changes ( 2.4) No changes
25
11.10.1.5 Special ea men o indi idual coun ies ( 2.3)
•
F ance and C oa ia: Special ea men o sec o 1.B.2 and gases N
2
O and CO
2
. Scaling o EDGAR
6.0 da a o CRF would gi e huge emissions. We use linea ex apola ion o CRF da a o 1980 -
2000.
•
India: Emissions o -gases in UNFCCC da a a e e y low o 2010. This leads o scaling issues.
We eplace he da a by NaN o use al e na i e sou ces.
•
Namibia: Acco ding o Robbie And ew cemen p oduc ion has only s a ed in 2011 in Namibia.
Thus CDIAC cemen emissions be o e 2011 a e no ealis ic and we add 0 explici ly in he And ew
da ase . BUR da a o 2.A is non-ze o. As 2.A con ains no only cemen p oduc ion emissions bu
also emissions om o he mine al indus y his is ine. Bu CDIAC and And ew da a co e only
cemen and hus should be ze o.
•
Special ea men s o Albania, Ando a, China, and he Democ a ic Republic o he Congo a e
s ill in place (see 2.2).
11.10.2 Changes in da a sou ces and p ep ocessing ( 2.3)
11.10.2.1 Inpu sou ce upda es ( 2.3)
•
CRF da a ha e been upda ed o he 2021 1 elease (Gü schow e al. (2021a)) wi h he 2020 2
elease (Gü schow e al. (2021b)) used as backup o ill po en ially missing 2021 da a. We ha e
included da a upda es om Poland and Romania, which we e published a e he elease o 2021 1.
The las da a yea is now 2019 o all ca ego ies and gases. Only h ee coun ies ha e changes in
o e all emissions o o e 2%: Kazakhs an, La ia, and Romania.
•
Da a om he Biennial Upda e Repo s (BURs, UNFCCC (2021) ) ha e been upda ed. We ha e
added he i s BUR o Oman, second BUR o Mau i ania, he hi d BURs o Vie Nam and
Malaysia, and he ou h BURs o Chile, Namibia, and Singapo e. F om he hi d BUR o Sou h
A ica we ha e included he 2015 da a only, as da a o he o he yea s lacks sec o al and gas
esolu ion. In o al, coun ies included in ou BUR da a a e
– i s BUR: Indonesia, Mon eneg o, Mongolia, Mau i ania, Oman, and Togo
–
second BUR: Ando a, A gen ina, Colombia, Indonesia, Macedonia, Mau i ania, Mexico,
Moldo a, Mon eneg o, Mo occo, Namibia, and Sou h A ica
–
hi d BUR: A gen ina, Ando a, Malaysia, Namibia, Sou h A ica (2015 da a only) and Vie
Nam
– ou h BUR: Chile, Namibia, Singapo e
–
BUR da a om coun ies epo ing in IPCC1996 ca ego ies a e included ia he UNFCCC
de ailed da a by pa y in e ace (see below).
•
UNFCCC “De ailed Da a by Pa y” has been upda ed o da a a ailable by July 31s , 2021 (Gieseke
and Gü schow (2021)): since he e sion used in PRIMAP-his 2.3 we ha e he ollowing changes:
–B azil has added da a o 2016. Da a o o he yea s ha e been adjus ed (BUR4).
–Bhu an has added da a o 2015
–India has added da a o 2016 (BUR3)
–
Chile has added da a o 2016. Da a o o he yea s ha e been adjus ed (BUR4). Chile’s
BUR4 da a a e included bo h in he BUR sou ce and in he UNFCCC sou ce.
–
Geo gia has added da a o 2017 and adjus ed da a o 1990 (The da a a e om he NIR
accompanying he la es Na ional Communica ion). The da a has a GWP e o in CH
4
, see
Known p oblems ( 2.3) sec ion below.
–Libe ia has added da a o 2012 (BUR1)
–Pa aguay has added da a o 2013
–
Se e al coun ies ha e emo ed da a om “o he ” subca ego ies. This usually a ec s he yea
1994 whe e da a we e o en pu in “o he ” subca ego ies, likely because hey didn’ i he
IPCC1996 ca ego ies.
–Fo A ghanis an GWP weigh ed ime-se ies ha e been adjus ed.
–Fo Sie a Leone all da a ha e been emo ed.
–Fo Pakis an all N2O and CH4da a ha e been emo ed.
These addi ions a e in he aw da a, p ep ocessing emo es some da a. Fo changes in p ep ocessed
da a see sec ion [Changes in p ep ocessing 2.3] below.
•
BP ossil CO
2
da a ha e been upda ed o he 2021 elease (B i ish Pe oleum (2021)), las used
da a yea is 2019.
32

•
FAOSTAT da a ha e been upda ed o include all da a a ailable by June 25 h, 2021 (Food and
Ag icul u e O ganiza ion o he Uni ed Na ions (2021)). Fo all sec o s and gases he las used yea
is now 2019. The new FAO da a a e mainly an ex ension o he e sion used in PRIMAP-his 2.2
(Food and Ag icul u e O ganiza ion o he Uni ed Na ions (2020)). Changes a e limi ed so single
coun ies and mainly o he mos ecen yea s.
•
EDGAR da a ha e been upda ed om 5.0 o 6.0. Da a in mos sec o s and o mos gases ha e
changed o many coun ies. Those changes a ec se e al coun ies and especially he TP ime
se ies o all sec o s excep ag icul u e and CO
2
o sec o s 1.A and 2.A. The da a changes in he
ugi i e emissions ca ego ies 1.B.1 and 1.B.2 a e especially high and highly a ec o e all emissions
o se e al de eloping coun ies wi h comap a i ely la ge ossil uel ex ac ion o p ocessing sec o s.
A u he ca ego y wi h high changes is was e (4) which impac se e al de eloping coun ies whe e
emissions om was e ha e a high con ibu ion o o al emissions. We discuss impac s on coun ie’s
o al emissions in he [No ewo hy change ( 2.3)] sec ion.
•
CDIAC da a ha e been upda ed o CDIAC-FF 2020 (Gil illan e al. (2020)): Fo mos coun ies
he ca ego y 1.A ime se ies ha e been ex ended bu exis ing da a ha e no been changed. Fo some
smalle de eloping coun ies exis ing ime se ies ha e been adjus ed. We discuss changes in he
No ewo hy changes ( 2.3) sec ion when hey impac coun y esul s. Ca ego ies 2.A (Cemen ) and
1.B ( la ing) a e no longe used in PRIMAP-his . Fo Cemen we use he And ew da a. CDIAC
la ing da a also con ains en ing emissions by conside ing 100% oxida ion o en ed Me hane and
hus leads o some double coun ing o en ing emissions.
•
We ha e added some coun y epo ed da a ha a e no (ye ) o icially submi ed o he UNFCCC.
These a e:
–
2020 in en o y o Sou h Ko ea (Republic o Ko ea (2020)): O icial Sou h Ko ea na ional
in en o y which has no (ye ) been sbmi ed o he UNFCCC.
–
2020 in en o y epo o Taiwan (Republic o China - En i onmen al P o ec ion Adminis a ion
(2020)). As Taiwan is no a membe o he UNFCCC his da a can no become o icial UNFCCC
da a, bu as i is o icially epo ed by he Taiwanese go e nmen we ea i as coun y epo ed
da a. This closes issue #20.
11.10.2.2 Changes in p ep ocessing ( 2.3)
•
The p ocessing o -gas emissions in BUR da a has been imp o ed o calcula e baske s om indi idual
gases whe e hese a e a ailable. This has a sligh impac on HFCs and PFCs as hese baske s we e
con e ed be ween di e en GWP alues using de aul ac o s in ea lie e sion o PRIMAP-his .
11.10.3 Bug ixes and esol ed issues ( 2.3)
•
Downscaling o 1.B.1 CH
4
da a om Sudan o Sudan and Sou h Sudan has been ixed (issue #24)
•
The low UNFCCC ag icul u al N
2
O da a o Albania lis ed as a possible bug o 2.2 is consis en
wi h Albania’s hi d na ional communica ion. (issue #23)
•Taiwan is now included wi h o icial da a in he coun y epo ed scena io. (issue #20)
11.10.4 Known p oblems ( 2.3)
•
SF
6
emissions in he TP ime se ies a e oo low o some coun ies. This issue has only pa ly been
ixed. The inclusion o sec o 2.F.8.b has dec eased emissions o some coun ies as EDGAR 4.2
is scaled o ma ch 4.2 FT2010 i i is p esen , and o hose coun ies 2.F.8.b is he only sec o
wi h da a in 4.2 FT 2010. Fo Iceland he 2.F.8.b da a a e clea ly w ong and se e al o de s o
magni ude oo high. (issue #19)
•
FAO da a o syn he ic e ilize s do no co e he ull pe iod (1961 - 2018) o se e al coun ies. In
he 2020 elease da a o some coun ies we e emo ed leading o changed emission es ima es. Some
ime se ies s a la e han 1961, while o he s ha e gaps. As da a a e summed wi h o he sec o s
be o e use in PRIMAP-his he gaps and bounda ies a e no illed wi h da a om o he sou ces.
(issue #22)
•
In 2.2 he e was ap oblem wi h scaling o his o ical CO
2
emisssions especially o 1.B.2 and
he USA. The new scaling algo i hm has alle ia ed his p oblem, bu i is no comple ely sol ed.
Coun ies a ec ed a e Belize, Mo occo, Mexico, Tu key, USA. (issue #34)
•
P ocess emissions om lime p oduc ion (2.A.2) a e cu en ly no included in he hi d pa y p io i y
(TP) scena io, as we use And ew cemen da a as a p oxy o sec o 2.A. To include lime p ocess
33
emissions sub-sec o esolu ion o 2.A would ha e o be in oduced. (issue #38)
•
Geo gia: UNFCCC da a a e w ong o was e and LULUCF CH
4
, in 1990 and 2017. GWP is applied
in he in en o y able bu he uni gi en sugges s da a a e in na i e uni s (as i ac ually is o all
o he sec o s). (issue #39)
•
Despi e he new algo i hm o scaling o ea ly emissions da a o he mo e ecen sou ces desc ibed
in Me hodology changes ( 2.3) he scaling o CEDS da a is in some cases p oblema ic e.g. when he
CEDS da a shows a s ongly dec easing end be o e he ma ching yea (see e.g. Sain Lucia CH
4
in 1.B.1). (issue #40)
•
Missing coun ies in CEDS: Some small coun ies a e missing in CEDS and cu en ly lack ea ly
emissions da a o CO
2
and CH
4
in some sec o s. These a e Anguilla, Ando a, An a c ica, Cu acao,
Monaco, Nau u, Sain Helena, Ascension and T is an da Cunha, San Ma ino, Tu alu, and Va ican
Ci y S a e. (issue #41)
•
EDGAR da a o N
2
O, 1.B.1 is e y limi ed o some coun ies, hus ex apola ion gene a es mos
o he da a o hose coun ies. The main p oblem is C oa ia, howe e i ’s no ele an on he le el
o agg ega e emissions. (issue #42)
•
Fo p oblems ha we e ound a e he elease o he da ase , please consul he issue acke
gi hub.com/JGue schow/PRIMAP-his . I you encoun e a p oblem please add an issue o con ac
he au ho s di ec ly.
11.10.5 No ewo hy changes ( 2.3)
He e, we lis he mos impo an changes in o al and pe sec o / pe gas emissions and hei easons.
As we ha e changed he da a sou ce o ea ly emissions and hus ha e changes o a lo o coun ies in
ea lie yea s we limi ou analysis o he pe iod o 1990 - 2019 he e. The analysis is based on ca ego y
M.0.EL, and he Kyo o GHG baske using AR4 GWPs.
11.10.5.1 No able changes in o al Kyo o GHG emissions (1990 - 2019) ( 2.3)
•Coun ies added
–
Cu acao (CR and TP): Ve y limi ed da a a e now a ailable. Fugi i e emissions o CH
4
and
CO2. CR and TP imese ies a e iden ical.
•Changes o e 100% in cumula i e emissions
–
Iceland (TP only): EDGAR 4.2FT2010 SF
6
Emissions o sec o 2.F.8.b a e w ong (se e al
magni udes oo high). They we e no used be o e he EDGAR SF6 ix (see Known p oblems
( 2.3)).
•Changes o 50-100% in cumula i e emissions
–
Bah ain (CR and TP): New EDGAR 6.0 da a o CH
4
in sec o 1.B is much highe han
ea lie da a leading o changes in o al CH
4
emissions o o e 100% in he pe iod o 1990-2019.
Fu he con ibu ions om CH4, sec o 4 (was e).
–
Bo swana (TP only): EDGAR 6.0 da a o CH
4
om ca ego y 4 (was e) is a leas wo o de s
o magni ude lowe han EDGAR 5.0 da a and now a he same le els as EDGAR 4.3.2 da a.
Con ibu ions o he o e all emissions change om o he sec o s a e small.
–
Geo gia (CR only): The changes a e mos ly due o he bug in he UNFCC da a men ioned
in he Known p oblems ( 2.3) sec ion.
–
Equa o ial Guinea (CR and TP): EDGAR 6.0 da a o ugi i e emissions om oil and
na u al gas (ca ego y 1.B.2) a e be ween 50 and 100% highe han emissions es ima es in
EDGAR 5.0. As his is he mos impo an sec o o Equa o ial Guinea he impac on o al
emissions is la ge. A u he con ibu ion comes om CO
2
in ossil uel combus ion o ene gy
use (1.A) whe e new CDIAC da a a e signi ican ly highe han olde da a. As we ha e no
coun y epo ed da a o Equa o ial Guinea, he CR and TP ime se ies a e iden ical.
–
Timo -Les e (CR and TP): EDGAR 6.0 da a o ugi i e emissions om oil and na u al gas
(ca ego y 1.B.2) a e be ween 50 and 100% highe han emissions es ima es in EDGAR 5.0.
As his is he mos impo an sec o o Timo -Les e he impac on o al emissions is la ge. A
u he con ibu ion comes om CO
2
in ossil uel combus ion o ene gy use (1.A) whe e new
CDIAC da a a e signi ican ly highe han olde da a. As we ha e no coun y epo ed da a o
Timo -Les e, he CR and TP ime se ies a e iden ical.
–
Taiwan (Republic o China) (CR): Coun y epo ed da a a e included o he i s ime
and di e s signi ican ly om hi d pa y da a o se e al sec o s and gases. Fo some sec o s
and gases (e.g. CH
4
in ca ego y 2), sec o al de ail is no su icien o inclusion in PRIMAP-his
34
and hus hi d pa y da a a e used o he CR ime se ies. Double coun ing o da a con ained
in cs ile wice leads o o e es ima ion o emissions.
•Changes o 20-50% in cumula i e emissions
–
Bela us (TP only): EDGAR 6.0 da a o CH
4
om ca ego y 4 (was e) is an o de o magni ude
lowe han EDGAR 5.0 da a and now below EDGAR 4.3.2 le els. Con ibu ions o he o e all
emissions change om o he sec o s a e small.
–
Came oon (CR and TP): EDGAR 6.0 CH
4
da a o ugi i e emissions om oil and na u al
gas (ca ego y 1.B.2) a e be ween 20 and 50% lowe han emissions es ima es in EDGAR 5.0.
As we ha e no coun y epo ed da a o Came oon, he CR and TP ime se ies a e iden ical.
–
Republic o he Congo (CR and TP): EDGAR 6.0 da a o ugi i e CH
4
emissions om oil
and na u al gas (ca ego y 1.B.2) a e be ween 20 and 50% highe han emissions es ima es in
EDGAR 5.0. CO
2
emission es ima es o he same sec o ha e inc eased by o e 100% because
in PRIMAP-his 2.3 we use EDGAR 6.0, while we used CDIAC 2017 in 2.2. Con ibu ions
o he o e all emissions change om o he sec o s a e small. As we ha e no coun y epo ed
da a o he Republic o he Congo, he CR and TP ime se ies a e iden ical.
–
Gabon (CR and TP): EDGAR 6.0 da a o ugi i e CH
4
emissions om oil and na u al gas
(ca ego y 1.B.2) a e be ween 20 and 50% highe han emissions es ima es in EDGAR 5.0.
CO
2
emission es ima es o he same sec o ha e inc eased s ongly because in PRIMAP-his
2.3 we use EDGAR 6.0, while we used CDIAC 2017 in 2.2. Con ibu ions o he o e all
emissions change om o he sec o s a e small. As we ha e no coun y epo ed da a o Gabon,
he CR and TP ime se ies a e iden ical.
–
Ki iba i (CR (TP 10-20% change)): Was e CH
4
emissions, which a e he majo sou ce o
CH
4
emissions a e a ound 30% lowe in EDGAR 6.0 han in 5.0. Fugi i e emissions om
EDGAR now include CH
4
om solid uels (1.B.1) bu no longe om oil and na u al gas
(1.B.2). Fu he changes come om ossil uel combus ion o ene gy use (1.A) whe e CDIAC
2020 emissions di e om he 2017 e sion used in PRIMAP-his 2.2 o ecen yea s. The
la e change is less ele an o he TP scena io as scaling ampli ies he changes in he CR
scena io.
–
Lao People’s Democ a ic Republic (CR and TP): Main d i e s a e CO
2
emissions om
ossil uel combus ion o ene gy use (1.A) whe e CDIAC 2020 emissions a e much highe hen
he 2017 e sion a e 2006. CH
4
emissions om was e a e a bi lowe while N
2
O emissions a e
highe a e 2000 (EDGAR 6.0 s 5.0). Cemen p ocess CO
2
emissions ha e also inc eased,
bu only o he las yea s. Con ibu ions om o he sec o s a e small. As we ha e no coun y
epo ed da a o Lao People’s Democ a ic Republic, he CR and TP ime se ies a e iden ical.
–
Ma shall Islands (TP only): CO
2
Emissions om ossil uel combus ion o ene gy use (1.A)
whe e CDIAC 2020 emissions a e much highe hen he 2017 e sion.
–
Solomon Islands (CR and TP): CO
2
Emissions om ossil uel combus ion o ene gy use
(1.A) whe e CDIAC 2020 emissions a e much highe hen he 2017 e sion. As we ha e no
coun y epo ed da a o he Solomon Islands, he CR and TP ime se ies a e iden ical.
•Changes o 10-20% in cumula i e emissions
–
A uba (CR and TP): A uba has la ge changes in all op-le el sec o s wi h especially high
changes (>100%) in he ag icul u al sec o . The easons o he changes a e mani old. EDGAR
da a has changed, especially o CH
4
in sec o 1.B.2; A uba is no longe included in he FAO
da a and hus EDGAR da a a e used o he ag icul u al sec o ; CDIAC da a o ossil uel
CO2has changed as well. As we ha e no coun y epo ed da a o A uba, he CR and TP
ime se ies a e iden ical.
–
An igua and Ba buda (CR and TP): La ge changes in sec o s 1, 4, and 5 o di e en gases
mainly in oduced by changes in EDGAR da a. Fugi i e emissions (1.B) a e no longe co e ed
by EDGAR o An igua and Ba buda. As we ha e no coun y epo ed da a o A uba, he
CR and TP ime se ies a e iden ical.
–
Bahamas (CR and TP): EDGAR da a o was e CH
4
has inc eased by o e 100% om 5.0
o 6.0. I is he dominan sou ce o CH
4
emissions o he Bahamas. Changes in o he sec o s
only gi e small con ibu ions o changes in o al emissions. As we ha e no coun y epo ed
da a o he Bahamas, he CR and TP ime se ies a e iden ical.
–
Como os (CR and TP): EDGAR da a o was e CH
4
has inc eased by o e 100% om 5.0
o 6.0. I is he main sou ce o CH
4
emissions o Como os. Changes in o he sec o s only
gi e small con ibu ions o changes in o al emissions. As we ha e no coun y epo ed da a
o Como os, he CR and TP ime se ies a e iden ical.
35
–
I aq (CR and TP): The wo main sou ces o changes a e sec o s 1.B.2 and 4 o CH
4
whe e
EDGAR da a has changed signi ican ly. Changes in o he sec o s only gi e small con ibu ions
o changes in o al emissions. As we ha e no coun y epo ed da a o I aq, he CR and TP
ime se ies a e iden ical.
–
Sain Lucia (TP only): Fugi i e emissions om EDGAR now include CH
4
om solid uels
(1.B.1) bu no longe om oil and na u al gas (1.B.2). The main sou ce o changed emissions
is howe e Was e CH
4
whe e emissions ha e dec eased om EDGAR 5.0 o 6.0. Ou side he
1990-2019 yea age we ha e o no e a peak in ugi i e CH
4
a ound 1950 coming om CEDS
da a.
–
Moldo a (TP only): The main sou ce o changes in o e all emissions is CH
4
om he was e
sec o . EDGAR 6.0 emissions a e much lowe (a ound 70%) han 5.0.
–
Malaysia (CR only): The inclusion o he new BUR3 da a has changed emissions es ima es
o many gases and sec o s.
–
Nige ia (CR and TP): The main sou ces o di e ences a e CO
2
and CH
4
om ca ego y 1.B.2
( ugi i e emissions om oil and na u al gas) whe e EDGAR emissions es ima es ha e changed
s ongly om e sion 5.0 o 6.0 and CDIAC da a has been eplaced by EDGAR o CO2.
–
Niue (CR and TP): The changes o igina e om CO
2
in ca ego y 1.A. CDIAC da a shows
educed emissions o he las yea s and is no in line wi h he end om downscaled BP da a
used in p e ious PRIMAP-his e sions. We ha e o no e he e ha CDIAC da a o Niue has
a e coa se esolu ion and oscilla es be ween 1 and 3 k C wi h 2 k C as he onlyin e media e
alue.
–
B i ish Vi gin Islands (CR and TP): The main da a change is highe CO
2
emissions in
1.A om changed CDIAC da a. Ou side he 1990-2019 yea age we ha e o no e a peak in
ugi i e CH
4
a ound 1950 coming om CEDS da a. As we ha e no coun y epo ed da a o
he Bi i ish Vi gin Islands, he CR and TP ime se ies a e iden ical.
11.10.5.2 Changes o indi idual ca ego ies / gases ( 2.3) Mos o he changes o indi idual
ca ego ies and gases ha e al eady been desc ibed in he Inpu sou ce upda es ( 2.3) sec ion abo e.
As we ha e changed he da a sou ce o ea ly emissions o CO
2
and
CH4
om RCP (using g ow h a es)
o CEDS we ha e changes in se e al sec o s ha a ec se e al coun ies. On a global le el he mos
a ec ed sec o s a e 1.A and M.AG.ELV o CH4and 1.B.1, 2.C, 2.D, 2.G, 2.H, 4, M.AG o CO2.
11.11 2.2 (No embe 2019)
The 2.2 elease is a mino upda e o he 2.1 e sion. The me hodology is unchanged, only he inpu
sou ces ha e been upda ed whe e a ailable. Addi ionally some bugs ha e been ixed.
11.11.1 Changes in PRIMAP-his sou ce c ea ion
11.11.1.1 Da a sou ce p io i iza ion No changes excep eplacemen o da a sou ces h ough
upda ed e sions (see sec ion Inpu sou ce upda es below)
11.11.1.2 Sec o s and gases No changes
11.11.1.3 Composi e sou ce gene a ion me hodology No changes
11.11.1.4 Special ea men o indi idual coun ies
•
Albania: In ca ego ies IPC2A and IPC2C scaling o EDGAR da a o UNFCCC da a gi es huge
emissions because o da a disc epancies in he scaling pe iod. We ex apola e UNFCCC da a o
sec o s IPC2A (yea s 1992 - 2000) and IPC2C (yea s 1980 - 2000 and 2007 - 2018) o a oid scaling
a i ac s.
•
Ando a: In he Was e sec o (IPC4) scaling o BUR da a o EDGAR432 da a gi es huge emissions
as BUR da a a e nea ze o in he scaling yea 2012. We use linea ex apola ion ins ead o BUR
da a.
•
China: Scaling EDGAR N
2
O emissions om IPC2B o ill he gap be ween 1994 and 2010 in
UNFCCC da a gi es huge emissions as EDGAR d ops o nea ze o in 2010 while UNFCCC is
36
non-ze o. We in e pola e and ex apola e UNFCCC da a linea ly ins ead o using EDGAR o ill
missing yea s (only a e 1994).
•
Democ a ic Republic o he Congo: Fo CO
2
emissions in IPC1, scaling o EDGAR o UNFCCC
gi es huge emissions. We ex apola e UNFCCC da a o 2004 and 2005 linea ly o c ea e a ma ching
poin ha does no c ea e hese a i ac s.
•
Namibia: In he mine al indus y sec o (IPC2A) scaling o CDIAC da a o ANDREW 4 da a gi es
huge emissions as CDIAC is nea ze o 2010 and be o e, while ANDREW is non-ze o in 2011 and
he ollowing yea s. We use CDIAC da a di ec ly o 1994 o 1998.
11.11.2 Changes in da a sou ces and p ep ocessing
11.11.2.1 Inpu sou ce upda es
•
BP ossil CO
2
da a ha e been upda ed o he 2020 elease (B i ish Pe oleum (2020)), las used
da a yea is 2018.
•
CRF da a ha e been upda ed o he 2020 submissions (Gü schow e al. (2020b) + upda ed da a
om Hunga y).
•
Da a om he Biennial Upda e Repo s (BURs, UNFCCC (2020) ) ha e been upda ed. We ha e
added he second BUR om Mo occo and he hi d BUR om A gen ina. Da a om he hi d
BURs o Chile and B azil a e (a leas pa ly) included in he UNFCCC de ailed da a by pa y
in e ace as hei da a used a mix u e o IPCC 1996 and IPCC 2006 ca ego ies. Da a om he
Sou h A ican hi d BUR a e cu en ly no included, as da a de ail is no su icien and downscaling
o gases did no p o ide esul s consis en wi h a ailable na ional o al indi idual gas ime se ies.
In o al, coun ies included in ou BUR da a a e
– i s BUR: Indonesia, Mon eneg o, Mongolia, Mau i ania, and Togo
–
second BUR: Ando a, A gen ina, Colombia, Indonesia, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldo a, Mon-
eneg o, Mo occo, Namibia, and Sou h A ica
– hi d BUR: A gen ina, Ando a, and Namibia
•
CRF da a ha e been upda ed o he 2020 elease (Gü schow e al. (2020b), as o Janua y 11, 2021)
wi h he 2019 elease (Gü schow e al. (2020a)) used as backup o missing 2020 da a. The las
da a yea is now 2018 o all ca ego ies and gases.
•
FAOSTAT da a ha e been upda ed o include all da a a ailable by Decembe 22nd, 2020 (Food and
Ag icul u e O ganiza ion o he Uni ed Na ions (2020)). Fo all sec o s and gases he las used yea
is now 2018. The new FAO da a show signi ican changes in emissions es ima es in he ollowing
sec o s: IPC3A1 - en e ic e men a ion and IPC3A2 - manu e managemen be o e 1990 o some
coun ies; IPC3C1AG - ag icul u al biomass bu ning (especially sa anna bu ning): changes o
mos coun ies; IPC3C4 - di ec N
2
O om managed soils: changes o a some coun ies; IPC3C5 -
indi ec N2O om managed soils: la ge changes o some coun ies;
•
UNFCCC “De ailed Da a by Pa y” has been upda ed o da a a ailable by Decembe 8 h, 2020
(Gieseke and Gü schow (2020)): Sou h Sudan has been added o he sou ce. Bu undi, Bo swana,
China, Dominica, Hondu as, Is ael, Sou h Ko ea, Kuwai , Maldi es, Palau, Pakis an, Sao Tome
and P incipe, Tonga, and U uguay ha e added and upda ed da apoin s. A ew coun ies ha e also
emo ed indi idual da apoin s: China, Pakis an, Sao Tome and P incipe, and U uguay. These
addi ions a e in he aw da a, p ep ocessing emo es some da a. Fo changes in p ep ocessed da a
see sec ion Changes in p ep ocessing below.
•
EDGAR da a ha e been upda ed om 4.3.2 o 5.0. EDGAR 5.0 use IPCC2006 ca ego ies which
leads o ealloca ion o emissions be ween subsec o s o IPC2
11.11.2.2 Changes in p ep ocessing
•
We ha e educed he equi emen o UNFCCC da a om needing o co e a pe iod o 11 yea s
o 6 yea s. Howe e , o se e al coun ies he da a was no sui able o be used as a i s p io i y
sou ce (e.g. oo many luc ua ions) and had o be excluded. A e his change he coun ies Bu undi,
Belize, Ba bados, Bo swana, Democ a ic Republic o he Congo, E i ea, Hondu as, Hai i, Maldi es,
Myanma , Palau, and Tonga a e added o he UNFCCC da a used in PRIMAP-his .
•
We ha e educed he equi emen o BUR da a om needing o co e a pe iod o 11 yea s o 6
yea s. This allowed o he inclusion o Mo occo’s second BUR.
37

11.11.3 Bug ixes
None
11.11.4 Known p oblems
•
SF
6
emissions in he TP ime se ies a e oo low. Some sec o s om EDGAR da a a e no ead in o
he PRIMAP-so wa e p ope ly. issue #19.
•
FAO da a o syn he ic e ilize s do no co e he ull pe iod (1961 - 2018) o se e al coun ies. In
he 2020 elease da a o some coun ies we e emo ed leading o changed emission es ima es as
da a a e summed wi h o he sec o s be o e use in PRIMAP-his . Some ime se ies s a la e han
1961, while o he s ha e gaps. As da a a e summed wi h o he sec o s be o e use in PRIMAP-his
he gaps and bounda ies a e no illed wi h da a om o he sou ces. issue #22
•UNFCCC ag icul u al N2O da a o Albania a e e y low. issue #23
•
Due o a bug IPC1B1 ( en ing) CH
4
da a om EDGAR 5.0 has no been downscaled om Sudan
o Sudan and Sou h Sudan. Thus all CH
4
emissions om sec o IPC1B1 a e a ibu ed o Sudan.
issue #24
•
Fo p oblems ha we e ound a e he elease o he da ase , please consul he issue acke
gi hub.com/JGue schow/PRIMAP-his .
11.11.5 No ewo hy changes
He e, we lis he mos impo an changes in o al and pe sec o / pe gas emissions and hei easons.
The changes due o bugs ixed and discussed in he Bug ixes sec ion abo e a e omi ed he e.
11.11.5.1 No able changes in o al Kyo o GHG emissions
•Coun ies emo ed
–
Pi cai n Islands (CR and TP): Da a o Pi cai n Islands a e no included in EDGAR any
mo e since 5.0. As his was he only sou ce he e a e cu en ly no ecen da a a ailable a all.
•Changes o e 100% in cumula i e emissions
–
Ba bados (CR only) UNFCCC da a a e included o he i s ime and di e s ongly om
hi d pa y da a o CH4, IPC4 (was e) and he ag icul u al sec o s (IPC3A, IPCMAGELV).
–
Bo swana (TP only) New EDGAR 5.0 da a o IPC4 (was e) di e s ongly om olde
EDGAR da a. In he CR da ase UNFCCC da a a e included o he i s ime. These da a
a e simila o he olde EDGAR da a and hus he e a e only small changes below 10% in he
CR ime se ies.
•Changes o 50-100% in cumula i e emissions
–
Belize (CR only): Changes in a ew sec o s due o he inclusion o UNFCCC da a o he i s
ime. Mos impo an is IPC4 (was e). Smalle changes in se e al sec o s due o new EDGAR
and FAO da a.
–
Democ a ic Republic o he Congo (CR only): UNFCCC da a a e included o he i s
ime especially impac ing ene gy (IPC1) emissions.
–
Myanma (CR only): UNFCCC da a ha e been included o he i s ime. They di e
s ongly om hi d pa y da a o N2O and CH4.
–
Palau (CR, TP): UNFCCC da a ha e been included o he i s ime. They di e s ongly
om hi d pa y da a o se e al sec o s and gases. EDGAR 5.0 da a also di e om EDGAR
4.3.2 used in PRIMAP-his 2.1.
–
Sou h Sudan (CR, TP): due o a bug IPC1B1 ( en ing) CH
4
da a om EDGAR 5.0 ha e
no been downscaled om Sudan o Sudan and Sou h Sudan. Thus all CH
4
emissions om
IPC1B1 a e a ibu ed o Sudan.
–
Sudan (CR, TP): due o a bug IPC1B1 ( en ing) CH
4
da a om EDGAR 5.0 ha e no been
downscaled om Sudan o Sudan and Sou h Sudan. Thus all CH
4
emissions om IPC1B1 a e
a ibu ed o Sudan.
–
Tokelau (CR, TP): EDGAR 5.0 da a di e s ongly om EDGAR 4.3.2. Some sec o s and
gases ha e changed, o he ha e no da a a all in 5.0 despi e ha ing da a in 4.3.2. CR and
TP ime se ies a e iden ical as he e a e no coun y epo ed da a.
•Changes o 20-50% in cumula i e emissions
–
Albania (CR only): Fo some sec o s UNFCCC da a co e only a pe iod o less han 11 yea s.
Thus hese ime se ies ha e been included o he i s ime changing especially N
2
O om all
38
ag icul u al sec o s o e y low alues. See also Known p oblems sec ion.
–
Bu undi (CR (TP 10-20% change)): New EDGAR da a (e.g. CH
4
in IPC1 and subca ego ies)
and also ex ended UNFCCC da a which a e included o he i s ime (e.g. CH
4
, IPC4). CH
4
emissions in IPC3A a e much highe han in 2.1 o he las yea s. This comes om upda ed
FAO da a.
–
Geo gia (TP only): New EDGAR da a impac CH
4
emissions in IPC1B and IPC4, and CO
2
emissions in IPC2D,G,H. Some new sec o s om UNFCCC da a, e.g. N
2
O emissions om
IPC2H.
–
Hunga y (TP only): The highes changes a e o CH
4
in IPC4 (>100%, om EDGAR), and
IPC2 (20-50% ange, om changes in EDGAR which a e ampli ied by he scaling o CRF)
and CO
2
in IPC4 (20-50% ange, om CRF da a). The e a e se e al o he small changes as
se e al inpu sou ces ha e changed (e.g. N2O in IPC1B2).
–
Jamaica (CR only): Inclusion o UNFCCC da a ha e changed emission es ima es in se e al
sec o s, mos no ably in he ag icul u al sec o s (IPC3A, IPCMAGELV) and he was e sec o
(IPC4).
–
Tonga (CR only): Inclusion o UNFCCC da a ha e changed emission es ima es in se e al
sec o s, mos no ably in he was e sec o (IPC4).
•Changes o 10-20% in cumula i e emissions
–
The Bahamas (CR, TP): New EDGAR da a in oduce changes in se e al sec o s (e.g. CH
4
o IPC1 and IPC4; CO
2
o IPC1B and IPC2 subsec o s; N
2
O o IPC1). CR and TP ime
se ies a e iden ical.
–
Bela us (TP only): The sou ce o he la ges changes a e he new EDGAR da a, especially
CH
4
om IPC4. CRF da a ha e also upda ed es ima es o his o ical emissions bu he changes
a e smalle .
–
Cen al A ican Republic (TP only): Changes in EDGAR da a, especially CO
2
o IPC2
and subsec o s.
–
Cyp us (TP only): Changes in EDGAR da a, especially CH
4
o IPC4; CO
2
, IPC2 and
subsec o s.
– Finland (TP only): Changes in EDGAR da a, especially CH4 o IPC4.
– Moldo a (TP only): Changes in EDGAR da a, especially CH4 o IPC4.
–
Maldi es (CR only): Due o addi ional UNFCCC da a he CR ime se ies now di e om
TP (only o a ew sec o - gas combina ions).
– Ma shall Islands (TP only): Changes in EDGAR da a, especially CH4 o IPC4.
– Sie a Leone (CR, TP): Changes in EDGAR CH4and N2O in IPC1 and subca ego ies.
–
Timo -Les e (CR and TP): Changes in EDGAR CH
4
o IPC1 and subca ego ies, CH
4
in
IPC4, and N2O in IPC5.
•O he changes / no es
–
Fiji: Fiji has a sudden d op in CH
4
emissions in 2015. The d op o igina es om FAO ca le
en e ic e men a ion and manu e managemen emissions.
–
Sy ia: BP and EDGAR da a disag ee o he de elopmen in he la es yea s o CO
2
in
IPC1A.
11.11.5.2 Changes o indi idual ca ego ies / gases / sou ces He e, we g oup he changes by
hei cause and no by coun y, as se e al coun ies a e a ec ed in he same way. No all changes ha
a e la ge o a sec o and gas combina ion a e lis ed, because ha sec o and gas combina ion migh no
play a signi ican ole in a coun y’s o al emissions.
•
EDGAR da a upda e The upda ed EDGAR da a ha e changed emissions es ima es o mos
sec o s, gases and coun ies. Addi ionally hey a e now published in IPCC 2006 sec o s leading
o eassignmen o emissions in subsec o s o IPC2 compa ed o he EDGAR 4.3.2 da a. Those
changes a ec se e al coun ies and especially he TP ime se ies o all sec o s excep ag icul u e,
CO2 o IPC1A and IPC2A.
•
FAO da a upda e The new FAO da a show signi ican changes in emissions es ima es in he
ollowing sec o s:
–
IPC3C1AG - ag icul u al biomass bu ning, especially sa anna bu ning: while da a ha e
changed o all coun ies he ela i e changes di e s ongly. Whe e sa anna bu ning is a la ge
ac o o o al CH4and N2O emissions his can in luence o al emissions no iceably.
–
IPC3C4 / IPC3C5 - di ec / indi ec N
2
O om managed soils: o some coun ies e ilize
39
use da a co e a sho e pe iod o ime now. This leads o lowe ag icul u al emissions as da a
a e summed wi h o he sec o s be o e use in PRIMAP his . See also Known p oblems sec ion.
•
CRF da a upda e A ew coun ies ha e inc eased hei his o ical emissions es ima es (o e 2%
inc ease in cumula i e emissions). These a e
– Bela us: majo change is in CH4 o IPC3A
– Iceland: majo change is in CH4 o IPC3 and IPC4
– Kazakhs an: changes in se e al sec o s and gases; he majo change is CO2 o IPC1B
– Mal a: changes in se e al sec o s and gases; he majo change is CO2 o IPC1A
– New Zealand: majo change is in N2O o IPCMAGELV
•
UNFCCC da a upda e Mos o he coun ies wi h newly included o changed UNFCCC da a
a e al eady lis ed in he No able changes in o al Kyo o GHG emissions sec ion abo e. Addi ionally
we ha e:
–
E i ea: UNFCCC da a only used o ew sec o s / gases. La ge changes in CH
4
o IPC4,
o he sec o s ha e smalle changes.
– Hondu as: Mos sec o s / gases ha e changed emissions es ima es o di e en magni ude.
– Hai i: Mos sec o s / gases ha e changed emissions es ima es o di e en magni ude.
•BUR da a upda e Mo occo’s second BUR and A gen ina’s hi d BUR ha e been added.
11.12 2.1 (No embe 2019)
The 2.1 elease is a mino upda e o he 2.0 e sion. The me hodology is unchanged, only he inpu
sou ces ha e been upda ed whe e a ailable. Addi ionally some bugs ha e been ixed.
11.12.1 Changes in PRIMAP-his sou ce c ea ion
11.12.1.1 Da a sou ce p io i iza ion
•
Da a om he hi d BUR epo s ha e been included as i s p io i y sou ce o non-Annex I pa ies.
11.12.1.2 Sec o s and gases No changes
11.12.1.3 Composi e sou ce gene a ion me hodology No changes
11.12.1.4 Special ea men o indi idual coun ies
•
Ando a: In he Was e sec o (IPC4) scaling o BUR da a o EDGAR432 da a gi es huge emissions
as BUR da a a e nea ze o in he scaling yea 2012. We use linea ex apola ion ins ead o BUR
da a.
•
Namibia: In he mine al indus y sec o (IPC2A) scaling o CDIAC da a o ANDREW 4 da a gi es
huge emissions as CDIAC is nea ze o 2010 and be o e, while ANDREW is non-ze o in 2011 and
he ollowing yea s. We use CDIAC da a di ec ly o 1994 o 1998.
11.12.2 Changes in da a sou ces and p ep ocessing
11.12.2.1 Inpu sou ce upda es
•
We ha e included And ew Cemen da a ( 4, And ew (2019a)), which eplace 2 used in PRIMAP-his
2.0.
•
BP ossil CO
2
da a ha e been upda ed o he 2019 elease (B i ish Pe oleum (2019)), las used
da a yea is 2017.
•
Da a om he Biennial Upda e Repo s (BURs, UNFCCC (2019b)) ha e been upda ed. We ha e
added he second BURs om Colombia, Indonesia, Mexico, Moldo a, and Mon eneg o. We ha e
also added he hi d BURs om Ando a and Namibia. Da a om he hi d BURs o Chile and
B azil a e (a leas pa ly) included in he UNFCCC de ailed da a by pa y in e ace as hei da a
used a mix u e o IPCC 1996 and IPCC 2006 ca ego ies. Da a om he Sou h A ican hi d BUR
a e cu en ly no included, as da a de ail is no su icien and downscaling o gases did no p o ide
esul s consis en wi h a ailable na ional o al indi idual gas ime se ies. In o al, coun ies included
in ou BUR da a a e
– i s BUR: Indonesia, Mon eneg o, Mongolia, Mau i ania, and Togo
40
–
second BUR: Ando a, A gen ina, Colombia, Indonesia, Macedonia, Mexico, Moldo a, Mon-
eneg o, Namibia, and Sou h A ica
– hi d BUR: Ando a and Namibia
•
CRF da a ha e been upda ed o he 2019 elease (UNFCCC (2019a), as o Oc obe 31. 2019)
wi h he 2018 elease used as backup o missing 2019 da a. The las da a yea is now 2017 o all
ca ego ies and gases.
•
FAOSTAT da a ha e been upda ed o include all da a a ailable by Sep embe 30 h, 2019 (Food
and Ag icul u e O ganiza ion o he Uni ed Na ions (2019)). Fo all sec o s and gases he las yea
is now 2017. The new FAO da a shows signi ican changes in emissions es ima es in he ollowing
sec o s: IPC3C4 - di ec N2O om managed soils; IPC3C1AG - ag icul u al biomass bu ning.
•
UNFCCC “De ailed Da a by Pa y” has been upda ed o da a a ailable in Augus 1s , 2019 (Gieseke
and Gü schow (2019)): Jamaica, Mali, and Yemen ha e been added o he sou ce. Aze baijan,
B azil, Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, Chad, Uni ed A ab Emi a es, and U uguay ha e ex ended and /
o upda ed da a.
11.12.2.2 Changes in p ep ocessing
•
The EDGAR 4.3.2 da a sou ce con ains some ime se ies wi h only a single o e y ew da a poin s.
These ha e been emo ed as we do no use single da a poin ime se ies. This has a ec ed se e al
coun ies, hough only sligh ly as he ime se ies wi h missing da a a e in sec o s wi h low emissions.
11.12.3 Bug ixes
•
In ea lie e sions o PRIMAP-his , he FAO ime se ies o sa anna bu ning and bu ning o
ag icul u al esidues we e mixed up. As hey a e summed o use in he PRIMAP-his da ase ,
his does no di ec ly in luence he emissions. Howe e , he sa anna bu ning ime se ies s a s in
1990 only, and was ex apola ed back o 1961 using EDGAR da a, and hus in he olde e sion
we e oneously used da a o bu ning o ag icul u al esidues ins ead o da a o sa anna bu ning.
This has been co ec ed in 2.1. Se e al coun ies, especially A ican coun ies, we e a ec ed by he
change as isible in he No ewo hy Changes sec ion.
•
In he FAO da a some ime se ies a e published in uni s o a gas and o he in GgCO
2
eq uni s. In
consequence, he li es ock (IPC3A) CH
4
TP ime se ies in PRIMAP-his 2.0 used a CO
2
eq uni .
As he global wa ming po en ial (GWP) used o he con e sion is no s o ed wi h he da a, his
ime se ies was no con e ed when agg ega ing he Ky o o GHG baskes s. The o iginal ime se ies
is in SAR GWPs (100 yea GWP o CH
4
: 21) while he AR4 alue o CH
4
100 yea GWP is 25.
Thus, IPC3A CH
4
was unde es ima ed by a ac o o 21/25 = 0.84 in he AR4 Kyo o GHG ime
se ies. This has been ixed now and all da a a e now con e ed o na i e uni s be o e use in he
PRIMAP-his sou ce. The bug has a ec ed all coun ies in he TP ime se ies (AR4 GWP Kyo o
GHG ime se ies only), bu o al emissions ha e only changed no ably o hose coun ies which
ha e a high sha e o li es ock emissions in o al emissions. (issue #4 in he issue acke )
•
In he CRF da a some coun ies epo an unspeci ied mix o HFCs (PFCs). These can no be
con e ed o di e en GWPs au oma ically as hei mix is unknown. CRF da a a e epo ed in
AR4 GWPs. Because he e was no con e sion o o he GWPs he emissions epo ed as unspeci ied
mix o HFCs (PFCs) we e only included o AR4 GWPs. Only ew coun ies epo unspeci ied
mixes and o hese only Japan in quan i ies su icien o no iceably a ec o al emissions ( o ecen
yea s only).
•
The BUR da a ha e no common speci ica ions o uni s, GWPs, e c used by all coun ies. Thus, ime
se ies p sen ed in CO
2
eq uni s can use di e en GWPs h oughou he BUR da a sou ce. These
ime se ies we e no in all cases con e ed o a common GWP leading o GWP con e sion e o s in
PRIMAP-his 2.0. This has been co ec ed in 2.1. A ec ed coun ies a e A gen ina and Sou h
A ica.
•
Fo a ew e y small coun ies, which a e included in epo ing o la ge coun ies o some sou ces
he e was a bug in downscaling o ag icul u al emissions leading o emissions ime se ies d opping
o 0 in 2013. This has been co ec ed. A ec ed coun ies a e Monaco, San Ma ino, Va ican. (issue
#3 in he issue acke )
41
•Changes be ween 10 and 20% in cumula i e emissions
–Djibou i: EDGAR 4.3.2 has changed emissions es ima es o CH4and N2O signi ican ly.
–Ecuado : CH4emissions es ima es ha e changed o se e al sec o s due o EDGAR 4.3.2.
–
Fede a ed S a es o Mic onesia: cumula i e changes mainly om CO
2
(because downscaled
BP da a a e a ailable), bu also s ong peak changes o CH
4
and N
2
O ( om FAO, which had
e y low emission in he las da a yea in he las e ision).
–
Geo gia: We ha e emo ed UNFCCC CH
4
CAT1A da a p io o 2000 because hey we e
epo ed in CAT1A5 (o he ) and did no ma ch he da a o la e yea s, which means ha
hey we e likely calcula ed using a di e en me hodology han da a submi ed la e .
–
C oa ia: CH
4
da a ha e changed as IPC3A da a in CRF 2018 a e signi ican ly highe han in
CRF 2017 which was used in PRIMAP-his 1.2. CO
2
da a be o e 1990 a e highe , because
he scaling o EDGAR o CRF is no bounded any mo e. PFCs da a ha e changed, because
he CRF da a ha e a gap and he gap illing p ocedu e was adap ed.
–Hai i: CH4emissions om IPC1B1 a e much highe a e 2004 due o EDGAR 4.3.2.
–
I an: Changes come mainly om CH
4
in IPC1B2, o igina ing om EDGAR 4.3.2. The
EDGAR da a also in oduce changes in N2O da a o di e en sec o s.
–
Ki iba i: The changes come mainly om CH
4
, whe e IPC4 has been added in EDGAR 4.3.2
and IPC3A, whe e UNFCCC da a a e now used. O he gases and sec o s changed as well, also
due o he inclusion o UNFCCC and EDGAR 4.3.2 da a.
–
Mali, Senegal, Mozambique, Tanzania: CH
4
and N
2
O ha e changed, mos ly be o e 1990: his
is due o a new me hod o ex apola e missing emissions om bu ning o ag icul u al esidues.
In 1.2, linea ex apola ion was used, now we use g ow h a es om EDGAR 4.3.2 (see
abo e).
–
Mon eneg o: The main change in emissions es ima es comes om a modi ied scaling o EDGAR
4.2 PFCs da a o he much highe coun y- epo ed da a (BUR and UNFCCC).
–Mongolia: The inclusion o BUR da a ha e in oduced changes in se e al sec o s and gases.
–
Pa aguay: Inclusion o UNFCCC da a, which was no included in 1.2 has changed emissions,
p ima ily N2O, whe e IPCMAGELV is he dominan sec o .
–
Sudan and Sou h Sudan: The e now a e mo e independen da a a ailable o Sou h Sudan,
such ha we need less downscaling based on economical da a. This in oduces some changes in
emissions, especially o yea s a e 2000. Fu he mo e, some inpu da a ha e changed (FAO,
EDGAR). The di e en ex apola ion o missing FAO da a ha e also impac ed p e-1990 CH
4
and N2O emissions especially o Sou h Sudan.
–
Sy ia: Changes a e mainly CH
4
, IPC1B2 and o igina e om EDGAR 4.3.2 da a. N
2
O da a
ha e also changed, again because o changes in EDGAR da a.
–Togo: Emissions es ima es o all gases ha e changed because o he inclusion o BUR da a.
–
Yemen: CH
4
has changed pos -1990 in sec o IPC1B2. N
2
O has also changed. Bo h changes
come om EDGAR 4.3.2.
–
Sou h A ica: Highe CH
4
emissions due o he inclusion o BUR da a o he ag icul u al
sec o , which is much highe han hi d-pa y sou ces.
11.14 1.2 (Decembe 2017)
The 1.2 elease uses new inpu da a. CRF da a ha e been upda ed o he 2017 and 2016 eleases,
CDIAC and BP da a ha e been upda ed o hei 2017 eleases and he UNFCCC Non-Annex I da a ha e
been upda ed o he s a us o Augus 2017.
11.14.1 Changes in PRIMAP-his sou ce c ea ion
•
The me hod o ill gaps in ime se ies has been changed. In 1.1, gaps in highe p io i y ime se ies
we e linea ly in e pola ed o enable he calcula ion o ends o he combina ion o ime se ies om
di e en da a sou ces, e en i he ime se ies con ained only ew da a poin s. This me hod can no
be used any mo e as we now include UNFCCC da a o China, which has da a o only h ee yea s.
Linea in e pola ion o e es ima es emissions in he la e 1990s, whe e he Asian inancial c isis lead
o declining emissions (wi h a s eep inc ease a e he c isis). In 1.2, gaps a e illed wi h da a
om lowe p io i y ime se ies (whe e a ailable) in he ollowing way: he linea end o he gap
pe iod is calcula ed bo h o he ime se ies wi h he gap and he ime se ies used o ill he gap.
Then he de ia ion om he he end is calcula ed o he ime se ies used o ill he gap. Scaling
ac o s be ween he wo ime se ies a e calcula ed o he le and igh bounda y o he gap. They
48

a e capped using he same bound as o he ex ension wi h lowe p io i y ime se ies (a ac o o
3 (1/3)). The inal ime se ies o ill he gap is cons uc ed as he sum o he linea end o he
highe p io i y ime se ies and he scaled de ia ion om end o he lowe p io i y ime se ies. The
scaling uses a linea in e pola ion be ween he scaling a he le and igh bounda ies. This change
a ec s all coun ies ha ha e epo ed only a ew yea s unde UNFCCC2017B da a, howe e , o
mos coun ies he di e ences a e small. De ails a e p esen ed in he no ewo hy changes sec ion.
•
Changes in ex apola ion end calcula ions: in some cases he ime span o calcula e linea ends
o he ex apola ion s a ing poin s ha e changed.
–
LULUCF, CO
2
, u u e ex apola ion: FAOSTAT LULUCF da a ha e a change in me hodology
in 2011 (inclusion o o es deg ada ion and eg ow h) leading o ab up changes in es ima es
o emissions and emo als. To a oid calcula ing an a e age o e da a calcula ed using di e en
me hodologies, we sho en he pe iod o calcula e he a e age o 4 yea s (2011 - 2014). The
a e age is used o ex apola e da a o 2015.
–
LULUCF, all gases: The end used o calcula e he s a ing poin o ex apola ions o he pas
is now calcula ed o e 20 yea s ins ead o 30 yea s o a oid he use o di e en unha monized
da a sou ces in he end calcula ion.
–
BP da a a e only used o amend a single yea o ene gy CO
2
ime se ies. We he e o e no
longe use a end calcula ion o de e mine he s a ing poin o he ex apola ion, bu use
he las da a poin o he highe p io i y sou ce di ec ly.
•
His o ical ex apola ion o LULUCF, CH
4
: un il 1.1, we used EDGARHYDE da a o he
ex apola ion. Howe e , o some egions he EDGARHYDE da a ha e non-ze o emissions only
be ween 1960 and 1985 - 1990, which is inconsis en wi h o he sou ces. We he e o e swi ched o
RCP da a, which is a ailable on a le el o 5 egions. As RCP da a a e de ined s a ing in 1850, he
linea in e pola ion o 1850 - 1890 is no longe necessa y.
11.14.2 Changes in da a sou ces and p ep ocessing
11.14.2.1 Inpu sou ce upda es
•
CRF da a ha e been upda ed o he 2017 elease wi h he 2016 elease used as backup o missing
2017 da a.
–The las da a yea is now 2015 o all ca ego ies and gases.
–
CRF da a since 2015 ollow he IPCC 2006 guidelines. The e o e, epo ed emissions ha e
changed, especially o ugi i e emissions and CH
4
and N
2
O om ag icul u e and land use.
See also Je e y e al. (2018a) and Je e y e al. (2018b).
–CDIAC ossil CO2da a ha e been upda ed o he 2017 elease, las da a yea is 2014.
–BP ossil CO2da a ha e been upda ed o he 2017 elease, las used da a yea is 2015.
–
UNFCCC “De ailed Da a by pa y” has been upda ed o Augus 2017: se e al coun ies a e
included o he i s ime wi h su icien da a o be used in PRIMAP-his . Some coun ies
ha e upda ed and ex ended da a. Howe e , some ime se ies seem o be cons uc ed om da a
poin s ha we e calcula ed using di e en me hodologies and he e o e show la ge disc epancies.
O he da a show s ong luc ua ions o de ia e s ongly om hi d-pa y sou ces. In se e al
cases we excluded da a om use in PRIMAP-his , as we could no iden i y he sou ce o he
luc ua ions and disc epancies. De ails a e p esen ed in he no ewo hy changes sec ion.
11.14.2.2 Changes in p ep ocessing
•CRF 2016 and 2017 da a a e epo ed using new ables. The sec o s in hese ables a e simila o
bu no exac ly he IPCC 2006 sec o s. The new epo ing o ma makes a con e sion o IPCC
1996 sec o de ini ions used o PRIMAP-his necessa y. Depending on he epo ing his is no
pe ec ly possible o all coun ies. Howe e , his mainly in luences ca ego y 3, which has e y small
emissions. Fo de ails we e e o Je e y e al. (2018a).
11.14.3 Fu he bug ixes
none
49
11.14.4 Known p oblems
•
Fo Mau i ius, he i s da a poin o CH
4
, ca ego y 6 (was e) in he UNFCCC2017 da ase is e y
low compa ed o he o he da a poin s. This in luences he inal da ase . As he low da a poin is
in line wi h EDGAR da a we do no emo e i .
•
The e a e no CH
4
and N
2
O land use da a o Egyp , G enada, Hai i, and Singapo e in PRIMAP-his
1.1. The only a ailable da a sou ce is FAO, which has only ze o alues in i s cu en e sion and is
hus no used o he PRIMAP-his sou ce.
•
The ( o me ) Ne he lands An illes a e no included in he coun y mask used o Hough on (2008)
downscaling, hus he e a e no Hough on (2008) based da a.
•
The coun y mask used in he downscaling o Hough on (2008) da a ea s Taiwan as a pa o
China and hus does no deli e da a o Taiwan. As none o he da a sou ces used o PRIMAP-his
has land use da a o Taiwan, we ha e no op ion o downscale Taiwan om China.
11.14.5 No ewo hy changes
The no ewo hy changes a e g ouped by da ase o p ocessing which induced he change
•CRF (UNFCCC Annex I)
–
The new epo ing guidelines in oduce changes in emissions es ima es o all coun ies which
a y in s eng h and sec o s a ec ed. Coun ies wi h smalle changes a e g ouped, while o
coun ies wi h la ge changes o changes ha a e speci ic o a single coun y we explain he
changes indi idually. Fo a mo e comp ehensi e discussion o he CRF 2017 da a see Je e y e
al. (2018a).
–
Se e al coun ies exhibi changes in se e al sec o s whe e ela i e changes a e la ge o some
sec o s and gases bu di e ences in economy-wide GHG emission es ima es a e small: Canada,
Czech Republic, Ge many, Denma k, Spain, F ance, Luxembou g, Ne he lands, No way, New
Zealand, Poland, Slo akia, USA.
–
Se e al coun ies exhibi changes o emissions es ima es which a e mainly in he ag icul u al
sec o : G eece, C oa ia, Hunga y, I eland, Liech ens ein, Li huania, La ia, Po ugal, Slo enia,
Sweden.
–
Aus alia: To al CH
4
emissions a e much lowe unde he IPCC 2006 guidelines used o CRF
2017 da a han unde he 1996 guidelines used o CRF 2014 da a, which is he basis o 1.1.
The la ges change is in he ag icul u al sec o . N
2
O emissions a e much lowe in CRF 2017
han in CRF 2014 as well.
–
Aus ia: To al CH
4
emissions a e highe unde he IPCC 2006 guidelines used o CRF 2017
da a han unde he 1996 guidelines. To al CO
2
emissions a e almos unchanged, howe e ,
CAT1 emissions dec eased signi ican ly while CAT2 emissions inc eased. To al N
2
O emissions
a e much lowe .
–
Belgium: To al CH
4
emissions a e highe unde he IPCC 2006 guidelines used o CRF 2017
da a han unde he 1996 guidelines.
–
Bulga ia: To al CH
4
emissions a e much lowe in 1990 unde he IPCC 2006 guidelines used
o CRF 2017 da a han unde he 1996 guidelines. This leads o di e en his o ical emissions.
To al N2O emissions a e much lowe .
–
Bela us: To al CH
4
emissions a e highe unde he IPCC 2006 guidelines used o CRF 2017
da a han unde he 1996 guidelines. To al N2O emissions a e signi ican ly lowe .
–
Cyp us: To al CH
4
emissions a e much lowe unde he IPCC 2006 guidelines used o CRF
2017 da a han unde he 1996 guidelines, especially o CAT6. This leads o di e en his o ical
emissions. To al N2O emissions a e much lowe as well whe e CAT4 is he main sou ce.
–
Iceland: CH
4
om land use d as ically inc eased unde IPCC 2006 guidelines and signi ican ly
inc eased o al emissions.
–Kazakhs an: Changes due o changed da a in he indus ial p ocesses sec o .
–Monaco: Ene gy CO2is lowe in CRF 2017 han in CRF 2014
–Mal a: Changes due o changed da a in se e al sec o s and gases.
–Russia: Inc eased emissions mos ly due o highe non-CO2emissions om he ene gy sec o .
–Tu key: Changes due o changed da a, mainly in he was e and ag icul u al sec o s.
–Uk aine: Lowe emissions due o changed da a in se e al sec o s and gases
•UNFCCC2017B (UNFCCC o Non-Annex I)
– o se e al coun ies UNFCCC da a a e a ailable, which wa e no a ailable o 1.1.
50
∗
Coun ies which now use UNFCCC da a bu show no s ong changes in o al emissions:
Gua emala, Togo.
∗
Some coun ies ha e newly a ailable UNFCCC da a, howe e , he sec o esolu ion is no
su icien o be used o CO2in ca ego ies 1 and 2: Albania, Egyp (CAT2 only), Chad.
∗
Coun ies wi h newly a ailable UNFCCC da a, whe e PRIMAP-his o al emissions a e
co ec ed downwa d signi ican ly (indi idual sec o s / gases / yea s can also show inc eased
emissions): Albania, China (especially ene gy CO
2
), Cuba, E hiopia, India, Kenya, Niue,
Saudi A abia, Thailand.
∗
Coun ies wi h newly a ailable UNFCCC da a, whe e PRIMAP-his emissions a e co ec ed
upwa d signi ican ly (indi idual sec o s / gases / yea s can also shown dec eased emissions):
Mo occo, Ma shall Islands, Mon eneg o (pos -1990), Malaysia, Sain Vincen and he
G enadines, Lebanon (CAT4).
–Some coun ies ha e ex ended o modi ied da a
∗
Ex ended and modi ied da a: B azil ( o al emissions co ec ed downwa d, bu indi idual
sec o s / gases co ec ed upwa d), Mau i ius (small changes), Ky gyzs an (signi ican
di e ences o mos sec o s and gases), Uzbekis an (small changes), U uguay (lowe
emissions, mainly om CAT4 and CAT6).
∗
Ex ended da a: A gen ina ( ecen emissions co ec ed upwa d), Bosnia and He zego ina
( ecen emissions co ec ed upwa d), Pe u (no majo changes), Singapo e (much highe
emissions in ecen yea s).
–
We excluded some exis ing and new da a. Some da a migh be included again in u u e
e sions o he PRIMAP-his da ase i disc epancies o o he sou ces and be ween yea s can
be unde s ood and he da a e i ied.
∗
Belize: single yea s show emissions wi h a ac o o 20-50 abo e he o he yea s and
EDGAR da a o se e al sec o s and gases. Da a emo ed comple ely.
∗
Chile: We exclude he UNFCCC2017B da a and only use BUR da a as he UNFCCC
da a con ains addi ional da a poin s which do no i he BUR da a and p esumably
we e gene a ed using a di e en me hodology han used o he BUR da a. This impac s
emissions es ima es o se e al sec o s and gases.
∗
Cen al A ican Republic: single yea wi h emissions which s ongly di e om o he
yea s ( ac o o ~100). P esumably using di e en me hodology and om olde Na ional
Communica ion. Remo ed comple ely, as emaining da a only co e s a pe iod o 8 yea s.
∗
Dominica: single yea wi h emissions which s ongly di e om o he yea s ( ac o o
~100). P esumably using di e en me hodology and om olde Na ional Communica ion.
Remo ed comple ely, as emaining da a only co e s a pe iod o 6 yea s.
∗
Ecuado : ac o ~100 disc epancies wi h EDGAR and FAO in CAT4, N
2
O. Simila
disc epancies in o he sec o s. As se e al yea s a e a ec ed, we emo e da a comple ely.
Emissions a e changed compa ed o 1.1.
∗
E hiopia: UN da a o CAT1(A4), CH
4
, N
2
O seem o con ain a mis ake as hey a e
inconsis en wi h he p eceding and ollowing yea s and he igu es in he na ional commu-
nica ion. The ables in he na ional communica ion (The Fede al Democ a ic Republic O
E hiopia: Minis y o En i onmen and Fo es (2015)) con ain he p esumably e oneous
da a. We emo e 1997 - 2004 o CAT1, CH4and N2O.
∗
Jo dan: single yea wi h highe ( ac o 3) emissions in CAT6 (CH
4
, N
2
O) in luencing he
CATM0EL KYOTO GHG esul s. We emo e UNFCCC da a comple ely as only 2 da a
yea s emaining.
∗
Kenya: CAT4 N
2
O da a a e almos 0 in 1994 compa ed o signi ican emissions in la e
yea s. Po en ially using di e en me hodology and om olde Na ional Communica ion.
This s ongly in luences economy-wide emissions and is no in line wi h o he sou ces. We
emo e 1994 da a. This changes emissions compa ed o 1.1
∗
Ki iba i: CAT4 N
2
O da a a e e y high o a ew yea s and no in line wi h EDGAR and
FAO. This s ongly a ec s he CAT0 esul s. We emo e UNFCCC da a comple ely.
∗
Ky gyzs an: HFCs da a seem o ha e a uni e o . HFCs da a a e emo ed and EDGAR
da a a e used.
∗
Nige : scaling o CDIAC due o UNFCCC da a a e ex eme, especially as based on only
wo da a poin s. We comple ely emo e UNFCCC da a.
∗
Pa aguay: s ong luc ua ions o CH
4
and N
2
O da a (CAT4 and CAT6) which domina e
he KYOTO GHG ime se ies. We emo e UNFCCC da a comple ely.
51
∗
Zimbabwe (ZWE): Ene gy CO
2
is much highe han o he sou ces o one o he h ee
a ailable da a poin s. We emo e UNFCCC da a comple ely as only 2 yea s emaining.
•CDIAC2017
–Fou coun ies ha e majo adjus men s o ecen emissions:
∗
A ghanis an: emissions o ene gy CO
2
ha e been co ec ed downwa d. In he 2016 elease,
2013 emissions we e abo e 20 M while o he 2017 elease hey a e oughly 10 M . BP
da a a e in line CDIAC and ex end he downwa d end o 2015. Economy-wide Kyo o
GHG emissions a e co ec ed downwa d by abou 1/3 d.
∗
Bo swana: Emissions ha e s ongly inc eased and a e much highe han calcula ed in
PRIMAP-his 1.1. Consequen ly, 2014 emissions ha e changed om PRIMAP-his 1.1
and 2015 emissions ha e inc eased u he om 2014 emissions (based on BP2017 da a).
∗
Mongolia: Emissions o ene gy CO
2
ha e been co ec ed downwa d. In he 2016 elease,
2013 emissions we e abo e 45 M while in he 2017 elease hey a e oughly 20 M . BP
da a a e in line wi h CDIAC and ex end he downwa d end o 2015. Economy-wide
Kyo o GHG emissions a e co ec ed downwa d by abou 1/5 h.
∗
Tonga: Emissions o 2013 a e much lowe han in CDIAC2016. This has signi ican ly
dec eased 2013 and 2014 o al emissions.
–
CDIAC emissions ha e changed o se e al small s a es, especially small island s a es, also o
his o ical yea s. The changes di e in a ec ed yea s and s eng h o e coun ies. Some la ge
coun ies ha e been co ec ed as well. A ec ed coun ies a e: Anguilla, An igua and Ba buda,
Belize, Cook Islands, Como os, Cape Ve de, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Fede a ed S a es o
Mic onesia, I an, Ki iba i, Sain Ki s and Newis, Leso ho, Macao, Nige ia, Palau, People’s
Democ a ic Republic o Ko ea, Singapo e, Su iname, Seychelles, Tu ks and Caicos Islands,
T inidad and Tobago, Samoa, Yemen, Zimbabwe.
–
Addi ional his o ical yea s o Ando a lead o changes in ex apola ion wi h EDGAR-HYDE
da a o ene gy CO2.
–
CDIAC con ains da a o Tu alu in he 2017 elease. Fo me eleases did no con ain da a o
Tu alu.
•P ocessing
–Gap illing algo i hm:
∗
Singapo e: Acco ding o CDIAC da a, ene gy CO
2
emissions we e dec easing om 2011
o 2007. This was no isible in 1.1, as he gap be ween 2000 and 2010 in UNFCCC da a
was in e pola ed linea ly and no illed wi h CDIAC ends as in 1.2.
∗
O he coun ies a ec ed: A menia, Aze baijan, Colombia, Cos a Rica, Dominican Republic,
Pe u, Peoples’ Democ a ic Republic o Ko ea, and U uguay.
11.15 1.1 (Ma ch 2017)
The 1.1 elease con ains mos ly bug ixes. To keep he da ase up o da e we also included some upda ed
da a sou ces. The me hodology emained unchanged apa om he mino changes desc ibed below.
11.15.1 Changes in PRIMAP-his sou ce c ea ion
•
Sou h Sudan now has indi idual da a o some sec o s. Fo hese sec o s, Sou h Sudan is ea ed
as any o he coun y du ing he sou ce c ea ion, while ime se ies o o he sec o s and gases a e
downscaled om Sudan da a.
•
Sou ces wi h sca ce da a poin s o se e al coun ies (BUR2015, UNFCCC2017) a e now in e pola ed
be o e he c ea ion o he PRIMAP-his da ase , such ha he linea eg ession used o ma ch lowe
p io i y da a sou ces can be compu ed. Be o e, he las da a poin was used di ec ly.
11.15.2 Changes in da a sou ces and p ep ocessing
11.15.2.1 Inpu sou ce upda es
•FAOSTAT da a ha e been upda ed o he Janua y 2017 e sion.
–
The las da a yea is now 2014 o all ca ego ies excep o o es land emissions whe e i is
2015. Howe e , o he PRIMAP-his da ase we use he agg ega e land use ime se ies which
has 2014 as he las da a poin .
–The e a e signi ican changes in his o ical emissions o se e al coun ies.
52
∗
Land use da a o se e al coun ies a e e y di e en om he 2015 e sion o FAOSTAT
da a.
∗
Manu e managemen CH
4
and N
2
O emissions o a lo o (mos ly de eloped) coun ies
we e adjus ed down by a la ge ma gin. This is no a gene al adjus men hough, as some
coun ies’ emissions we e adjus ed upwa d, while o he s emained unchanged.
∗
Fo some economies in ansi ion, p e-1990 emissions a e highe han in he 2015 FAOSTAT
da a.
•CDIAC ossil CO2da a ha e been upda ed o he 2016 elease.
•BP ossil CO2da a ha e been upda ed o he 2016 elease.
•UNFCCC “De ailed Da a by Pa y” has been upda ed o Janua y 2017
–Da a ha e no changed much compa ed o he e sion used o PRIMAP-his 1.0.
–
Fo Kazakhs an, HFCs and PFCs da a o he yea s 1990 and 1991 wi h e y high emissions
we e emo ed om he UNFCCC da a eposi o y. In consequence Kazakhs an’s his o ical
(p e-1992) emissions o HFCs and PFCs a e much lowe in 1.1 han in 1.0.
11.15.2.2 Changes in p ocessing
•FAOSTAT
–
In e sion 1.0 nega i e da a we e emo ed om he FAOSTAT da ase du ing p ocessing. This
has been ixed. I only a ec ed land use CO
2
. Whe e da a we e nega i e o pa o he ime
se ies hey we e eplaced by ze o, while ime se ies comple ely consis ing o nega i e da a we e
disca ded such ha Hough on da a we e used.
–
In 1.0, single subca ego ies we e linea ly ex apola ed du ing ca ego y agg ega ion, such ha
ime se ies o all ca ego ies co e ed he same ime ame. When he linea ex apola ion lead
o emission es ima es o hese subca ego ies o inc ease backwa ds in ime, he linea eg ession
was eplaced wi h a linea pa h o ze o emissions in he i s yea wi h da a (1961). In 1.1,
his has been changed, such ha in hose cases a cons an ex apola ion is used ins ead o a
linea ex apola ion o ze o. This a ec s emission es ima es om “Field bu ning o ag icul u al
esidues” (IPCC 1996 ca ego y 4F) and o a lesse ex en subsec o s o he “Ag icul u al soils”
sec o (IPCC 1996 ca ego y 4D). CH
4
and N
2
O emissions a e a ec ed. Only a ew coun ies
a e a ec ed by he change.
•CDIAC
–
A bug in he downscaling o egions o coun ies was ixed. This a ec ed Indonesia ( hough
no conce ning he g ow h a es used in he PRIMAP-his da ase , jus he absolu e alues),
Timo -Les e, La ia and Es onia (cemen only), and Palau p io o 1992.
–
Downscaling o I aly and San Ma ino as a egion o indi idual coun ies now uses EDGAR
emissions om app op ia e sec o s ins ead o GDP da a.
•UNFCCC
–
A bug in he ou ine ha ead he cs iles expo ed om he UNFCCC websi e lead o
omi ing he second block in he non-s anda d cs iles. This bug has been ixed. Consequen ly,
some coun ies now ha e one o h ee addi ional da a poin s added a he end o he ime
se ies.
–
Da a o Vie Nam and Pe u a e now con ained in he UNFCCC da ase wi h enough da a o
mee ou minimum equi emen s. UNFCCC da a o hese wo coun ies a e he e o e included
in PRIMAP-his 1.1.
11.15.3 Fu he bug ixes
•
In 1.0, a ew coun ies we e missing in he downscaled Hough on da a. Some coun ies a e s ill no
a ailable as hey a e missing in he coun y mask used o con e he g idded ege a ion da a o
coun ies. Fo de ails see Sec ion Known p oblems below.
•
In some cases he Composi e Sou ce Gene a o emo ed he i s o las da a poin o a ime se ies.
This bug has been ixed.
11.15.3.1 Known p oblems
•
Fo Mau i ius, he i s da a poin o CH
4
o di e en sec o s in he UNFCCC 2017 da ase is
e y low compa ed o he o he da a poin s. This in luences he inal da ase .
53

•
Fo Mic onesia, he las da a poin o CH
4
and N
2
O om he ag icul u al sec o (and all subsec o s)
is e y low. This in luences he inal da ase .
•
Fo Sain Ki s and Newis, N
2
O emissions om he ag icul u al sec o in he las yea s a e much
highe han he es o he da a. This in luences he inal da ase .
•
The e a e no CH
4
and N
2
O land use da a o Egyp , G enada, Hai i, and Singapo e in PRIMAP-his
1.1. The only a ailable da a sou ce is FAO, which has only ze o alues in i s cu en e sion and is
hus no used o he PRIMAP-his sou ce.
•
The ( o me ) Ne he lands An illes a e no included in he coun y mask used o Hough on (2008)
downscaling, hus he e a e no Hough on (2008) based da a.
•
The coun y mask used in he downscaling o Hough on (2008) da a ea s Taiwan as a pa o
China and hus does no deli e da a o Taiwan. As none o he da a sou ces used o PRIMAP-his
has land use da a o Taiwan we ha e no op ion o downscale Taiwan om China.
•
Due o he addi ional yea in FAO (2014) some de eloped coun ies ha e e y low land use CH
4
emissions in 2014 compa ed o he pe iod wi h CRF da a. This will be sol ed in he nex e ision o
PRIMAP-his whe e CRF 2015 and CRF 2016 will be used. A numbe o possible easons accoun
o he di e ences be ween FAO and CRF da a, which likely di e be ween coun ies. Land-use CH
4
emissions a e dominan ly om biomass bu ning. The FAO (Food and Ag icul u e O ganiza ion o
he Uni ed Na ions (2016)) calcula e non-CO
2
om biomass bu ning using he ie 1 me hodology o
IPCC 2006 guidelines (IPCC (2006)) and ac i i y da a om GFED4 (Giglio e al. (2017)). Na ional
in en o ies (CRF 2014) a e o en based on coun y speci ic emissions ac o s and da a o bu ned
a eas. The na ional in en o ies may also exclude na u al dis u bances and ha e di e en de ini ions
han FAO o managed land a eas. Land use N
2
O emissions a e subjec o simila di e ences in
da a.
•
UNFCCC da a o Ecuado (agg ega e sec o s and gases) a e much highe han hi d-pa y da a,
bu only co e s a ew yea s. The esul ing ime se ies a e hus discon inuous.
11.15.4 No ewo hy changes
•
A uba: his o ical CO
2
emissions a e lowe han in 1.0 because CDIAC emissions ha e been adjus ed
downwa d o he yea s p io o 1998.
•
Aus alia, Belize, Bo swana, Guinea-Bissau, Namibia, Papua New Guinea, Zimbabwe, Mongolia:
changes in CH
4
and/o N
2
O emissions due o he change in ex apola ion o FAO da a o subsec o s
o he ag icul u al sec o .
•
Bosnia and He zego ina: p e-1990 CDIAC da a ha e changed, leading o highe p e-1990 CO
2
emissions in PRIMAP-his .
•
E i ea: his o ical CO
2
emissions a e highe han in 1.0 because CDIAC emissions ha e been
adjus ed upwa d o he yea s p io o 1998.
•
Fede a ed S a es o Mic onesia and Sain Helena, Ascension, and T is an da Cunha: emissions ha e
inc eased due o an inc ease in FAO ag icul u al CH4and N2O emissions.
•India: ene gy ela ed CO2is lowe s a ing in 1977 due o changes in CDIAC da a.
•Palau, Timo -Les e: highe his o ical emissions due o he bug ix in CDIAC downscaling.
•
Pe u: he UNFCCC da a ha a e now used as he i s p io i y sou ce di e s om he hi d-pa y
sou ces used in PRIMAP-his y 1.0.
•
San Ma ino: changes in his o ical emissions due o he changed key da a o downscaling o San
Ma ino om I aly in CDIAC.
•
Sudan, Sou h Sudan: he a ailabili y o da a o Sou h Sudan changed he ime se ies om he
p e ious ime se ies which, we e based on downscaling using popula ion da a.
•
Vanua u had ze o CO
2
emissions be o e 1960 in PRIMAP-his 1.0 because CDIAC2015 had ze o
da a o a ew yea s be o e 1960. Now, he da a a e non-ze o as hese da a poin s a e no con ained
in CDIAC2016.
•
Fo se e al coun ies, da a o he las wo yea s ha e changed, as addi ional da a poin s om
upda ed CDIAC, FAOSTAT, UNFCCC, and BP da a eplace ex apola ed da a.
•
Land use da a o he pe iod o 1991 - 2014 ha e changed o se e al coun ies. The i s eason is
ha we now use Hough on da a o all yea s whe e hey a e a ailable and no ob ained h ough
ex apola ion (see Sec ion 2.4.1 o he da a desc ip ion pape ). The second eason is ha he FAO
da a changed massi ely.
54
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