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© 2025 Clima e Ac ion Skills. All epo con en may be e e enced wi h p ope c edi o
Clima e Ac ion Skills. This epo is o in o ma ional pu poses only, c ea ed as a sel -help
lea ning esou ce. We assume no liabili y o consequences esul ing om i s use.
Table o Con en s
P e ace ............................................................................................................................................ 1
Expe Re iew ................................................................................................................................. 3
Execu i e Summa y ......................................................................................................................... 4
Ha izabad: Clima e Impac s, Mi iga ion S a egies ......................................................................... 9
Hunza: Glacie s Mel ing, Fu u e Th ea ened ................................................................................ 13
Ka achi's Clima e C isis: Impac s and Ac ions ............................................................................... 16
Islamabad: Towa ds a Clima e-Resilien Fu u e ............................................................................ 20
Nowshe a: Clima e Vulne abili y and Ac ion ................................................................................ 24
Hangu's Clima e C isis: Challenges and Pa hways ........................................................................ 27
Peshawa 's Clima e C isis: Challenges and Solu ions ................................................................... 30
Laho e's Clima e U gency: Challenges and Solu ions ................................................................... 33
Shahdadpu Clima e Change Re iew and Sugges ions ................................................................. 36
Hunza Aliabad’s Clima e Jou ney: Challenges and Adap a ion ..................................................... 39
Abbo abad Clima e Change: Impac s and Ac ions ...................................................................... 42
Kha ian, A Ci y Con on ing Clima e Change ................................................................................ 45
Islamabad: Clima e Impac s and Adap a ion Impe a i es ............................................................ 48
Islamabad: Clima e Challenges, Adap a ion, and Fu u e .............................................................. 52
Clima e Resilien Ag icul u e o Sheh Sul an .............................................................................. 55
Cha sadda Clima e C isis: Impac s, Ac ions, Fu u e ..................................................................... 58
Bal is an Clima e C isis: Impac s and Responses .......................................................................... 61
Jhang Clima e Ac ion: Challenges and Way Fo wa d .................................................................... 64
Naga Valley: Clima e Change Impac s and Response .................................................................. 67
No h Wazi is an: Clima e Change Impac s and Ac ions .............................................................. 70
Ska du Clima e Change Impac s and Responses .......................................................................... 73
Clima e Change in Dih ko : Impac s & Adap a ion ....................................................................... 76
Na owal: Adap ing o Clima e Change Impac s ............................................................................ 78
Laho e's Clima e Change: Impac s and Ac ions ............................................................................ 81
Chakwal Clima e Impac s and Resilience ...................................................................................... 84
Swa 's Clima e C isis: Challenges and Solu ions ........................................................................... 87
Peshawa 's Clima e U gency: Challenges and Solu ions ............................................................... 89
KRK: Facing Clima e Change Impac s ............................................................................................ 92
Mohmand's Clima e C isis: Challenges and Solu ions .................................................................. 95
Lasbela's Clima e Change: U gen Ac ion Needed ........................................................................ 98
Zhob Clima e Change: Impac s and Pa hways ............................................................................ 100
Abou Clima e Ac ion Skills ......................................................................................................... 103
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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P e ace
This comp ehensi e compendium b ings oge he a gis o a se ies o 31 insigh ul whi e
pape s on clima e change, each ocused on he speci ic challenges and po en ial solu ions
o a ious 27 owns and ci ies ac oss Pakis an. Wha dis inguishes hese analyses is hei
o igin: hey a e he esul o dedica ed wo k unde aken by he pa icipan s o ou 60-Hou
Online T aining on Clima e Ac i ism.
This in ensi e aining p og am was conduc ed ee o cos by Clima e Ac ion Skills, an online
clima e change academy commi ed o empowe ing you h o comba he u gen c isis o
clima e change. Ou academy i mly belie es in he c ucial ole ha in o med and engaged
young people play in shaping a sus ainable u u e. This aining was designed o equip he
nex gene a ion o clima e leade s wi h he knowledge and skills necessa y o unde s and,
analyze, and p opose e ec i e esponses o he clima e challenges acing hei local
communi ies.
The au ho s o he whi e pape s con ained wi hin his compendium a e all g adua es and
pos -g adua es, aged be ween 22 and 30. Numbe o ma ks ob ained ou o o al ma ks is
men ioned agains each au ho ’s name. Thei di e se academic backg ounds and sha ed
passion o en i onmen al s ewa dship ha e culmina ed in hese de ailed assessmen s. Each
pape ep esen s a signi ican e o o unde s and he unique clima e ulne abili ies o hei
chosen ci y o own, o iden i y he key challenges hinde ing e ec i e ac ion, and o p opose
con ex -speci ic adap a ion and mi iga ion s a egies.
Th ough hei esea ch and analysis, hese young schola s ha e del ed in o a ange o c i ical
issues, om he impac s o ising empe a u es and e a ic ain all o he h ea s posed by
glacial mel and sea-le el ise. They ha e explo ed he challenges a ising om apid
u baniza ion, inadequa e in as uc u e, and he complexi ies o go e nance and public
awa eness. Mo eo e , hey ha e pu o wa d hough ul and ac ionable ecommenda ions
spanning sus ainable ag icul u e, enewable ene gy adop ion, indus ial e o ms,
a o es a ion, and public engagemen .
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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This compendium s ands as a es amen o he dedica ion and in ellec ual capaci y o hese
young indi iduals. Thei con ibu ions p o ide aluable local insigh s ha a e essen ial o
o mula ing e ec i e na ional and egional clima e s a egies. We hope ha his collec ion
will se e as a i al esou ce o policymake s, esea che s, communi y leade s, and anyone
commi ed o building a clima e- esilien Pakis an. The ene gy and commi men o hese
young au ho s o e a beacon o hope in he ace o a global challenge, demons a ing he
powe o educa ion and you h empowe men in d i ing meaning ul change.
Muj aba Baig
Edi o o his Repo &
Founde , Clima e Ac ion Skills
clima eac [email protected]
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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Expe Re iew
I has been my p i ilege o e iew he whi e pape s add essing clima e change ac oss
Pakis an. I commend he au ho s o hei dedica ion and he use o da a and eal-wo ld
examples o highligh hese c i ical issues. The ocus on adap a ion s a egies and local
con ex s is pa icula ly aluable.
Howe e , se e al a eas o imp o emen ha e eme ged. Fi s ly, mo e quan i a i e da a,
especially ega ding adap a ion capaci ies, emissions, economic impac s, and u u e
p ojec ions, would enhance he p ecision o he analyses. Secondly, de ailed, sec o -speci ic
emissions b eakdowns a e needed o a ge ed mi iga ion s a egies. Thi dly, a deepe
explo a ion o economic dimensions, including inancial cons ain s, would add aluable
dep h.
Fu he mo e, clea e implemen a ion s a egies o policy ecommenda ions a e necessa y.
Mo e comp ehensi e u u e clima e p ojec ions would p o ide a clea e pic u e o po en ial
impac s. A mo e ho ough conside a ion o biodi e si y and ecological impac s would
s eng hen he analyses. Expanding explana ions and inco po a ing mo e da a would
enhance cla i y and comple eness. In egions wi h ele a ed e ain, a deepe explo a ion o
wa e esou ce managemen is wa an ed. Finally, a mo e p o ound inqui y in o ba ie s o
public unde s anding and engagemen would be bene icial.
While he pape s demons a e a s ong g asp o he challenges, add essing hese a eas will
e ine he analyses and ampli y hei e ec i eness. Au ho s’ dedica ion o his i al wo k is
acknowledged, and hese pe spec i es a e o e ed cons uc i ely.
Neeha Rasool
Re iewe o Whi e Pape s &
En i onmen alis
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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Execu i e Summa y
Clima e Change Impac s and Responses Ac oss Pakis an
This compendium p esen s he mos i al in o ma ion o a collec ion o 31 whi e pape s
de ailing he mul i ace ed impac s o clima e change on a ious owns and ci ies ac oss
Pakis an. P epa ed by pa icipan s unde he "60-Hou Online T aining on Clima e Ac i ism"
conduc ed by Clima e Ac ion Skills, hese b ie s highligh he speci ic clima e issues,
challenges, adap a ion and mi iga ion measu es, and sugges ions ele an o each egion.
This summa y p o ides an o e iew o he key indings and ecu ing hemes iden i ied in
hese local assessmen s, unde sco ing he widesp ead ulne abili y and he u gen need o
comp ehensi e clima e ac ion ac oss he na ion.
Obse ed Clima e Change Impac s Ac oss Pakis an
A consis en obse a ion ac oss he whi e pape s is he inc easing end in a e age
empe a u es, wi h many egions epo ing a ise o e he pas ew decades and p ojec ions
o u he inc eases by 2050. This wa ming end is exace ba ing hea wa es, leading o
heal h issues and impac ing ag icul u al p oduc i i y. Fu he mo e, ain all pa e ns ha e
become inc easingly e a ic, cha ac e ized by pe iods o in ense ain all causing u ban and
i e ine looding o en due o inadequa e d ainage in as uc u e, in e spe sed wi h
p olonged d y spells and d ough s leading o wa e sca ci y, pa icula ly impac ing
ag icul u e. Coas al ci ies like Ka achi ace he addi ional h ea o sea-le el ise, inc easing
lood isks and deg ading ag icul u al land. In moun ainous egions such as Hunza and
Bal is an, as e mel ing o glacie s is a ec ing wa e supply and escala ing he isk o glacial
lake ou bu s loods (GLOFs). Changes in p ecipi a ion a e also leading o inc eased
landslides and soil e osion in ulne able a eas.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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5 mos common impac s o clima e change on 27 ci ies and owns in Pakis an
Rank
Clima e Change Impac
Numbe o Ci ies/Towns
A ec ed
1
Inc easing a e age empe a u es and hea wa es
26
2
E a ic ain all and u ban looding
21
3
Wa e sca ci y and d ough s
18
4
Impac s on ag icul u e ( educed c op yields)
17
5
Inc eased isk o Glacial Lake Ou bu s Floods
(GLOFs)
4
Key Challenges in Add essing Clima e Change
The pape s collec i ely highligh se e al common challenges hinde ing e ec i e clima e
ac ion ac oss Pakis an. Rapid u baniza ion and popula ion g ow h place immense p essu e
on in as uc u e and na u al esou ces, exace ba ing clima e ulne abili ies. Inadequa e
in as uc u e, pa icula ly d ainage sys ems and wa e managemen acili ies, is a ecu ing
issue, leading o inc eased looding and wa e sca ci y. Financial cons ain s and limi ed
budge alloca ions o en es ic he implemen a ion o la ge-scale adap a ion and
mi iga ion p ojec s. Low public awa eness abou clima e isks and he impo ance o
adap a ion measu es is ano he signi ican ba ie o communi y engagemen and e ec i e
ac ion. Weak go e nance, policy implemen a ion gaps, and insu icien in e -
depa men al coo dina ion also impede comp ehensi e clima e adap a ion e o s. Socio-
economic ac o s like po e y and economic inequali y inc ease ulne abili y and limi
access o esou ces o adap a ion.
Adap a ion S a egies Being Implemen ed
Despi e he challenges, a ious egions ac oss Pakis an a e unde aking adap a ion measu es
o build esilience. Sus ainable ag icul u e p ac ices a e being p omo ed, including
p ecision a ming, o ganic a ming, ag o o es y, and he cul i a ion o d ough - esis an
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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egula ions can educe he en i onmen al
impac o indus ies.
• P omo e Renewable Ene gy In es men s:
P o iding incen i es o sola and wind ene gy
p ojec s can educe eliance on ossil uels.
• Enhance Wa e Managemen P ac ices:
Implemen ing ainwa e ha es ing and d ip
i iga ion can add ess wa e sca ci y and
imp o e ag icul u al p oduc i i y.
• Suppo Resea ch and De elopmen :
In es ing in esea ch o ind inno a i e
solu ions o clima e change mi iga ion and
adap a ion.
• Fos e Public-P i a e Pa ne ships:
Encou aging collabo a ion be ween
go e nmen and p i a e sec o s o implemen
clima e ini ia i es e ec i ely
• Moni o and E alua e P og ess
Es ablishing a amewo k o ack p og ess
owa ds clima e goals and ensu e
accoun abili y.
By implemen ing hese measu es and
os e ing a collec i e e o among all
s akeholde s, Dis ic Ha izabad can s i e
owa ds a mo e sus ainable and clima e-
esilien u u e.
------------------
Abou he au ho : Muhammad I an, MPhil
Gende S udies, d i es communi y engagemen in
Punjab's PULSE P ojec . F om Jhang, wi h
expe ience in Ha izabad, he excels in gende
ad ocacy and go e nance. Passiona e abou
social change, he champions clima e ac ion
alongside gende equali y, os e ing s akeholde
collabo a ion o impac ul solu ions.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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Hunza: Glacie s Mel ing, Fu u e Th ea ened
Sa ia Kulsoom (Ma ks ob ained: 135/Ou o : 150)
Hunza, a geog aphically signi ican and
ecologically ich alley in Pakis an's Gilgi -
Bal is an a ea, aces se ious h ea s om
clima e wa ming, impac ing i s ag icul u e
and wa e a ailabili y. This Whi e Pape (WP)
ocuses on he clima e change issues,
challenges, adap a ion, and mi iga ion
measu es along wi h sugges ions o
add essing hese p essing conce ns.
Key impac s
1) I highligh s se e al key impac s o
clima e change in Hunza. Rising
empe a u es, wi h an inc ease o 1.5°C
since 1980 and a p ojec ed ise o 2.5°C by
2050, a e causing as e mel ing o
glacie s, a ec ing wa e supply and
escala ing he isk o glacial lake ou bu s
loods (GLOFs). Changes in p ecipi a ion
pa e ns a e leading o mo e in ense
ain all, esul ing in equen landslides
and loods, while educed snow all
nega i ely impac s glacie s, he p ima y
sou ce o wa e o ag icul u e and
domes ic use. The inc eased equency o
ex eme wea he e en s, pa icula ly
GLOFs, damages in as uc u e and
a mland. The ag icul u al sec o is
signi ican ly a ec ed, wi h whea
p oduc ion alling by 20% due o
changing wea he and sho e g owing
seasons, h ea ening ood secu i y.
Fu he mo e, inc eased dus and pollu ion
a e con ibu ing o a ise in espi a o y
diseases, and ising empe a u es may lead
o mo e hea - ela ed heal h issues.
Majo Challenges
Hunza aces se e al challenges exace ba ed
by clima e change. The egion's hea y
dependence on na u al esou ces and
seasonal condi ions makes i s economy
ulne able. Glacie mel ing educes wa e
a ailabili y c ucial o ag icul u e and daily
li e. De o es a ion and o e g azing
con ibu e o soil e osion, educing soil
e ili y and inc easing landslide isks. Clima e
change also h ea ens he ou ism sec o , a
signi ican con ibu o o he local economy,
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
14
h ough ex eme wea he e en s like GLOFs
ha can damage in as uc u e. The exis ing
ene gy c isis, wi h eliance on hyd opowe
leading o win e sho ages, is compounded
by clima e- ela ed unce ain ies in wa e low.
Adap a ion Measu es
Despi e hese challenges, Hunza has
unde aken se e al adap a ion measu es. An
ea ly wa ning sys em o GLOFs has been
implemen ed o de ec and ale communi ies.
Re o es a ion p og ams a e ongoing o
comba de o es a ion and enhance ca bon
seques a ion. Pilo p ojec s a e es ing
clima e- esilien c ops o suppo
sus ainable ag icul u e. Plans a e in place o
pu sue enewable ene gy expansion h ough
sola and hyd opowe p ojec s o educe
eliance on ossil uels. These s a egies aim o
build esilience agains clima e isks, ensu e
ood secu i y, and p omo e en i onmen al
sus ainabili y.
Mi iga ion S eps
In e ms o mi iga ion, he Whi e Pape
iden i ies key sou ces o g eenhouse gas
emissions in Hunza. The anspo a ion
sec o is he la ges con ibu o (40%) due o
he inc easing use o ossil uel-powe ed
ehicles and limi ed public anspo op ions.
Ag icul u e accoun s o 25% o emissions,
p ima ily om li es ock (me hane) and
adi ional a ming p ac ices. Was e
managemen (15%) con ibu es h ough
me hane emissions om open land ills.
Smalle indus ies and ene gy p oduc ion,
o en elying on ine icien uel combus ion
and diesel gene a o s, con ibu e 10% each.
To mi iga e hese emissions, he WP sugges s
a shi owa ds enewable ene gy,
sus ainable ag icul u al p ac ices, imp o ed
was e managemen ( ecycling and
compos ing), and p omo ing public anspo
and elec ic ehicles.
Solu ions and Recommenda ions
The WP p o ides se e al solu ions and
ecommenda ions in ol ing a ious
s akeholde s. Poli ical leade ship should
de elop a clima e ac ion plan, s eng hen
disas e isk managemen , and incen i ize
g een ini ia i es. Go e nmen au ho i ies
need o in es in enewable ene gy, imp o e
anspo a ion in as uc u e o minimize
emissions, and en o ce en i onmen al
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
15
egula ions. Ci il socie y and he media
should launch awa eness campaigns on
sus ainable p ac ices and p omo e
eco ou ism and communi y-led conse a ion.
Businesses a e encou aged o suppo
sus ainable ag icul u e, minimize plas ic
was e, and adop co po a e social
esponsibili y ocused on en i onmen al
sus ainabili y. Finally, ci izens should
pa icipa e in conse a ion p og ams, educe
ene gy and wa e consump ion, ecycle, and
a oid single-use plas ics. An expanded
clima e ac ion plan wi h speci ic ime ames
includes la ge-scale e o es a ion, sola
ene gy deploymen , and disas e esilience
aining.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Hunza is signi ican ly impac ed
by clima e change, acing challenges ela ed o
wa e sca ci y, na u al disas e s, and
economic ulne abili ies. While communi y-
d i en adap a ion s a egies a e unde way,
long- e m clima e esilience equi es
collabo a i e e o s om all s akeholde s.
Implemen ing a well-s uc u ed clima e
ac ion plan, ocusing on enewable ene gy,
disas e p epa edness, sus ainable
ag icul u e, and imp o ed was e
managemen , is c ucial o mi iga ing he
nega i e impac s o clima e change and
ensu ing a sus ainable u u e o he egion.
S ong poli ical leade ship, policy e o ms,
and ac i e communi y engagemen will be
i al o his ans o ma ion, allowing Hunza
o balance economic g ow h wi h
en i onmen al p o ec ion.
-------------
Abou he au ho : Sa ia Kulsum, om Hunza, holds
a BSc in En i onmen al Sciences. A clima e leade ,
she's P o incial You h Leade a YLCC Pakis an and
a Global G een Fo um Ambassado . Expe ienced
wi h GLOF p ojec s a he Minis y o Clima e
Change and ICIMOD, she ocuses on communi y
esilience and en i onmen al ad ocacy.
Rising empe a u es, wi h an inc ease o
1.5°C since 1980 and a p ojec ed ise o
2.5°C by 2050, a e causing as e mel ing o
glacie s, a ec ing wa e supply and
escala ing he isk o glacial lake ou bu s
loods (GLOFs).
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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Ka achi's Clima e C isis: Impac s and Ac ions
Yasi Hussain Abbasi (Ma ks ob ained: 134/Ou o :150)
Ka achi, Pakis an's la ges and mos populous
ci y, aces signi ican clima e change issues
and challenges ha demand u gen a en ion
and comp ehensi e ac ion. Rising
empe a u es, e a ic ain all, and coas al
h ea s a e inc easingly impac ing he ci y and
i s inhabi an s.
Clima e Change Impac s
• Rising Tempe a u es and Hea wa es:
Ka achi has expe ienced a s eady
inc ease in empe a u e ends
be ween 1989 and 2024, con ibu ing
o se e e clima e- ela ed challenges.
The de as a ing 2015 hea wa e, wi h
empe a u es soa ing abo e 40°C
(104°F), esul ed in o e 1,300 dea hs,
highligh ing he in ensi ica ion due o
he u ban hea island e ec om apid
u baniza ion and limi ed g een spaces.
Fo ecas s sugges con inued
empe a u e ises, posing g ea e isks
o coas al communi ies.
• Hea y Rains and U ban Flooding:
Reco d-b eaking monsoon ain all in
July and Augus 2022 subme ged la ge
pa s o Ka achi, dis up ing daily li e
due o poo d ainage and ou da ed
in as uc u e. The unp eceden ed
looding in Augus 2020, du ing wo
spells, caused ex ensi e damage and
socio-economic dis up ion,
exace ba ed by inadequa e d ainage.
Me eo ological analysis e ealed
p onounced con ec i e ins abili y and
cyclonic ci cula ions as con ibu ing
ac o s o hese ex eme ain all
e en s.
• Sea Le el Rise (SLR): As a coas al ci y,
Ka achi is ulne able o SLR d i en by
The de as a ing 2015 hea wa e, wi h empe a u es soa ing abo e 40°C (104°F), esul ed in
o e 1,300 dea hs in Ka achi, highligh ing he in ensi ica ion due o he u ban hea island e ec
om apid u baniza ion and limi ed g een spaces.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
17
an h opogenic global wa ming. The
Indus Del a, nea Ka achi, aces
heigh ened lood isks, deg ada ion o
ag icul u al land, and displacemen
due o SLR. P ojec ions indica e
con inued SLR wi h po en ially
d ama ic ele a ions by 2100.
• Impac s on Human Heal h: Clima e
change al e s p ecipi a ion and
empe a u e pa e ns, impac ing wa e
quali y and public heal h in Ka achi.
Inc eased ain all and looding
anspo con aminan s in o wa e
sou ces, while poo d ainage and
un ea ed was ewa e u he deg ade
wa e quali y. Rising empe a u es
accele a e mic obial g ow h,
inc easing he isk o wa e bo ne
diseases like chole a, yphoid, and
hepa i is A. S udies show ha pH, TDS,
luo ide, chlo ide, HCO3, sodium, and
ha dness le els in Ka achi's wa e
sou ces exceed sa e limi s, wi h
con amina ion o en being human-
induced due o imp ope was e
disposal.
• Impac s on Ecosys ems: Rising sea
empe a u es ha e led o co al
bleaching, a ec ing ma ine
biodi e si y. Sea-le el ise con ibu es
o coas al e osion and habi a loss,
h ea ening ecosys ems. Pollu ion
om un ea ed was ewa e in u ban
wa e bodies like Chinna C eek and
Boa Basin deg ades na u al lo a and
auna, posing isks o ma ine li e.
Mang o e o es s, i al o coas al
p o ec ion, ha e been impac ed by
land eclama ion, al hough
ehabili a ion e o s a e unde way.
Challenges
• Rapid u baniza ion s ains he ci y's
in as uc u e and esou ces.
• Poo u ban planning and inadequa e
d ainage sys ems exace ba e looding.
• Se e e ai , wa e , and plas ic pollu ion
damage he en i onmen and public
heal h.
• Go e nance ine iciencies hinde
comp ehensi e clima e adap a ion
e o s.
• Economic inequali y limi s access o
esou ces and widens he gap be ween
social classes, inc easing ulne abili y.
• F equen powe sho ages a ec
indus ies and daily li e.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
18
Adap a ion Measu es
• Upg ading d ainage sys ems is a key
ocus o mi iga e u ban looding.
• Hea wa e p epa edness has imp o ed
wi h cooling shel e s and ea ly wa ning
sys ems.
• A o es a ion e o s aim o coun e
he u ban hea island e ec and
inc ease g een co e .
• Mang o e es o a ion ac s as a na u al
ba ie agains s o m su ges and
coas al e osion.
• Ad ocacy o s ic e zoning laws and
sus ainable u ban planning is
inc easing.
• Public awa eness campaigns
emphasize clima e esilience.
Mi iga ion Measu es and
Sugges ions
• Implemen s ong g een ules and
egula ions wi h clea goals o cu
pollu ion and p omo e g een
anspo a ion.
• In es in enewable ene gy and be e
disas e plans.
• Imp o e d ainage, build mo e pa ks,
and ensu e buildings can handle
ex eme wea he .
• Encou age sola powe and expand
public anspo .
• Fix he ci y's ash p oblem and
implemen s onge emission con ol
measu es.
• Communi y g oups should sp ead
awa eness, o ganize ee plan ings,
and wo k wi h uni e si ies o local
solu ions.
• Businesses need o adop eco- iendly
me hods and in es in sus ainable
de elopmen .
• Inc ease u ban g een co e by 20%
wi hin i e yea s and implemen cool
pa emen s and e lec i e oo s.
• Reduce wa e losses by 15% and
inc ease ainwa e ha es ing by 25%.
• Upg ade d ainage o handle 100-yea
loods and expand mang o e co e by
10%.
• Inc ease enewable ene gy o 20% and
educe p i a e ehicle use by 15%.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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• Conduc annual clima e awa eness
campaigns eaching 50% o he
popula ion.
• Es ablish moni o ing sys ems o
acking p og ess and s eng hen
collabo a ion among go e nmen and
s akeholde s.
• Secu e inancial esou ces o p ojec
implemen a ion and ensu e solu ions
bene i all communi ies.
Conclusion
Ka achi's clima e challenges a e c i ical and
equi e immedia e and decisi e ac ion. A
mul i-p onged app oach in ol ing s ong
leade ship, good go e nance, ac i e
communi y in ol emen , esponsible
businesses, and in e na ional collabo a ion is
essen ial o build a sus ainable and clima e-
esilien u u e o he ci y. Wi hou p oac i e
and sus ainable measu es, Ka achi aces
wo sening en i onmen al condi ions, public
heal h c ises, and in as uc u e b eakdowns.
------------------
Abou he au ho : Yasi Hussain Abbasi is
M.Phil En i onmen al Science s uden a
SMIU, ocusing on sus ainabili y and
clima e change. He has been FAO
li es ock eme gency esponde in Sindh,
aiding lood-hi a eas and associa e a
Laa Humani a ian De elopmen
P og am, coo dina ing lood elie in
Qambe Shahdadko . Passiona e abou
ecological conse a ion and humani a ian
impac .
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
20
Islamabad: Towa ds a Clima e-Resilien Fu u e
Tawsee Khan (Ma ks ob ained: 134/Ou o : 150)
Islamabad, despi e i s ini ial design as a g een
ci y, is acing inc easing ulne abili y o he
impac s o clima e change. This Whi e Pape
highligh s he key clima e change issues
a ec ing he capi al, he challenges in
add essing hem, exis ing and po en ial
adap a ion and mi iga ion measu es, and
o e s sugges ions o a mo e esilien u u e.
Clima e Change Issues
Islamabad is expe iencing se e al signi ican
clima e change issues:
• Rising Tempe a u es and Hea wa es:
The a e age empe a u e has
inc eased by app oxima ely 1.5°C in he
las wo decades, leading o mo e
equen and in ense hea wa es,
exace ba ed by he u ban hea island
e ec . In mid-2024, empe a u es
soa ed abo e 45°C.
• E a ic Rain all and U ban Flooding:
Changing clima e pa e ns ha e
esul ed in unp edic able monsoon
seasons wi h inc eased ain all
in ensi y, o e whelming he exis ing
s o mwa e d ainage sys em and
causing equen lash loods. In 2023,
he ci y ecei ed 35% mo e ain all
han a e age.
• De o es a ion and Loss o G een
Co e : Rapid u baniza ion has led o a
loss o nea ly 10% o ee co e
be ween 2000 and 2023, con ibu ing
o ising ca bon emissions, dec eased
ai quali y, and inc eased soil e osion.
Wild i es ha e also con ibu ed o
o es loss, wi h o e 300 ac es los in
he pas yea alone.
• Declining Ai Quali y and Pollu ion:
Ai quali y is wo sening, wi h he AQI
equen ly exceeding unheal hy le els,
especially in win e . Vehicula
emissions, indus ial ac i i y, and
Rapid u baniza ion has led o a loss o nea ly 10% o ee co e be ween 2000 and 2023
in Islamabad, con ibu ing o ising ca bon emissions, dec eased ai quali y, and inc eased
soil e osion. Wild i es ha e also con ibu ed o o es loss, wi h o e 300 ac es los in he
pas yea alone.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
21
cons uc ion dus a e majo
con ibu o s. The inc easing numbe
o ehicles, es ima ed a o e 1 million
in 2024, u he exace ba es he
p oblem.
Challenges
Add essing hese clima e change issues
p esen s se e al challenges o Islamabad:
• Rapid U baniza ion and Popula ion
G ow h: As one o he as es -g owing
u ban cen e s, wi h a p ojec ed
popula ion o 1.3 million by 2025, he
inc easing demand o housing and
in as uc u e pu s immense p essu e
on na u al esou ces and g een spaces.
• Inadequa e In as uc u e: Exis ing
in as uc u e, pa icula ly he
s o mwa e d ainage sys em, is o en
insu icien o cope wi h ex eme
wea he e en s.
• High Dependence on P i a e Vehicles:
Limi ed public anspo op ions led o
high ehicle owne ship and inc eased
ca bon emissions.
• G owing Ene gy Demand: Inc easing
popula ion and comme cial ac i i y
ha e su ged ene gy demand, wi h a
signi ican eliance on ossil uels.
• Limi ed In eg a ed Planning: The lack
o an in eg a ed wa e managemen
plan con ibu es o pe iodic wa e
sho ages. Simila ly, was e
managemen emains a signi ican
issue.
• Financial and Poli ical Cons ain s:
Limi ed budge alloca ions and
inconsis en go e nmen policies can
hinde he implemen a ion o la ge-
scale adap a ion p ojec s.
• Low Public Awa eness: Many esiden s
lack su icien awa eness o clima e
isks and he impo ance o adap a ion
measu es.
Adap a ion and Mi iga ion
Measu es
Islamabad has ini ia ed se e al adap a ion
measu es:
• U ban G eening Ini ia i es: Ex ensi e
ee plan a ion d i es ha e aimed o
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
28
ini ia i es led by he Dis ic You h
O ganiza ion, and a shi owa ds sola
powe in some communi ies. Howe e ,
signi ican adap a ion gaps emain. The e is a
lack o la ge-scale wa e managemen
in as uc u e, limi ed access o a me s o
d ough - esis an c ops and mode n
i iga ion echniques, and insu icien
awa eness o clima e adap a ion s a egies
among esiden s. Financial cons ain s u he
hinde he adop ion o necessa y measu es by
small-scale a me s and low-income
households.
Mi iga ion S eps in Hangu
Mi iga ion e o s in Hangu a e nascen bu
c ucial. While no a majo indus ial cen e ,
Hangu con ibu es o g eenhouse gas
emissions h ough ene gy consump ion
( eliance on biomass and ossil uels),
anspo a ion ( ising use o ine icien
ehicles), ag icul u e and li es ock (me hane
emissions, chemical e ilize s), and was e
managemen (open bu ning). The pape
emphasizes he po en ial o na u e-based
solu ions o clima e esilience. These
include e o es a ion and ag o o es y o
ca bon seques a ion and imp o ed soil
mois u e, sus ainable wa e managemen
h ough we land es o a ion and ainwa e
ha es ing, soil conse a ion and
egene a i e ag icul u e o imp o e soil
heal h, and he de elopmen o u ban g een
spaces and clima e- esilien in as uc u e.
Majo Challenges
Add essing clima e change in Hangu aces
se e al challenges. These include inancial
cons ain s due o limi ed go e nmen
unding, a lack o policy implemen a ion a
he dis ic le el despi e na ional policies,
and limi ed coo dina ion among di e en
go e nmen depa men s. The high po e y
a e and low li e acy le els u he complica e
e o s o implemen sus ainable p ac ices
and aise awa eness.
Recommenda ions
The whi e pape p o ides se e al
ecommenda ions o enhance clima e
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
29
esilience in Hangu. These include de eloping
a dis ic -le el clima e ac ion plan,
imp o ing clima e- esilien in as uc u e,
p omo ing enewable ene gy, engaging ci il
socie y and local communi ies h ough
awa eness campaigns and disas e
p epa edness ini ia i es, encou aging p i a e
sec o in es men in g een businesses and
mic o inance o a me s, le e aging he ole
o media o public awa eness, and os e ing
ci izen engagemen in sus ainable li es yles
and communi y-led p ojec s. The way o wa d
emphasizes p io i izing sus ainable wa e
managemen , in es ing in clima e- esilien
a ming, s eng hening disas e p epa edness,
expanding communi y engagemen ,
encou aging g een business ini ia i es, and
de eloping and en o cing a dis ic -le el
clima e ac ion plan wi h suppo om
p o incial and na ional go e nmen s.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Dis ic Hangu is g appling wi h
signi ican clima e change impac s ha
h ea en i s ag icul u al economy, wa e
secu i y, in as uc u e, and public heal h.
While some adap a ion measu es a e
unde way, subs an ial gaps and challenges
ela ed o unding, policy implemen a ion,
coo dina ion, and awa eness need o be
add essed. Emb acing na u e-based
solu ions, os e ing mul i-s akeholde
collabo a ion, and implemen ing
comp ehensi e adap a ion and mi iga ion
s a egies a e c ucial o building a sus ainable
and clima e- esilien u u e o Hangu.
--------------
Abou he au ho : Shazia Ihsan, om
Hangu, champions sus ainabili y. Wi h an
M.Sc in En i onmen al Sciences, she
excels in clima e ac i ism. She launched
an awa eness campaign, engaged you h in
eco-p ojec s, and ad oca es o policy
change. She's es ablishing Eco Vision
Hub, men o ing u u e en i onmen al
leade s.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
30
Peshawa 's Clima e C isis: Challenges and Solu ions
Ma ia Noo (Ma ks ob ained: 133/Ou o : 150)
Peshawa , a his o ically signi ican ci y in
Khybe Pakh unkhwa, Pakis an, aces
escala ing clima e change issues and
en i onmen al challenges s emming om
apid u baniza ion and indus ial g ow h. This
Whi e Pape will ocus on he clima e change
p oblems and he adap a ion and mi iga ion
measu es cu en ly in place o p oposed.
Popula ion
ise due o
u baniza ion
Peshawa is
g appling wi h
signi ican
en i onmen al
ulne abili ies,
p ima ily d i en by
apid u baniza ion. The ci y has expe ienced a
subs an ial inc ease in popula ion densi y,
eaching app oxima ely 4.3 million wi h abou
3,135.6 people pe squa e kilome e in 2023,
and is p ojec ed o exceed 6 million by 2030
due o u baniza ion. This g ow h has led o he
misuse o na u al esou ces, insu icien
in as uc u e, inc eased ehicle emissions,
and heigh ened pollu ion, exace ba ing
clima e p oblems. Speci ically, u ban land
co e age expanded signi ican ly be ween 1990
and 2020, o en eplacing e ile ag icul u al
land.
Clima e Change Impac s in
Peshawa
The impac s o clima e change a e al eady
e iden in Peshawa . Rising empe a u es and
mo e equen
hea wa es ha e
been obse ed.
Changes in ain all
pa e ns include
hea ie monsoon
ains and d y
season d ough s,
leading o u ban
looding due o
poo d ainage in as uc u e. Fu he mo e,
u baniza ion and pollu ion a e causing
biodi e si y loss and ag icul u al dis up ions
due o e a ic ain all and highe
empe a u es, a ec ing c op yields.
These en i onmen al changes a e signi ican ly
impac ing human heal h. Ai pollu ion
con ibu es o a subs an ial bu den o disease
and economic loss. Cases o espi a o y
diseases like Ch onic Obs uc i e Pulmona y
The e is limi ed e idence o e ec i e lood managemen
implemen a ion despi e policy app o al. While
sus ainable wa e managemen is emphasized in policy,
speci ic ac ionable s a egies a e lacking. Simila ly,
despi e acknowledging clima e- ela ed heal h isks,
documen ed implemen a ion measu es o add ess hea -
ela ed illnesses and ec o -bo ne diseases a e
insu icien .
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
31
Disease (COPD) and as hma ha e inc eased.
Child en and he elde ly a e pa icula ly
ulne able o ai pollu ion. Rising
empe a u es and e a ic ain all ha e also led
o an inc ease in hea - ela ed illnesses and
ec o -bo ne diseases like dengue and
mala ia.
Adap a ion Measu es
Despi e hese challenges, Peshawa has
ini ia ed some adap a ion measu es. These
include e o es a ion e o s and wa e
conse a ion p og ams. The Clima e Change
Cen e a he Uni e si y o Ag icul u e,
Peshawa p omo es clima e educa ion and
esea ch, ocusing on adap a ion s a egies
o local a me s. Clima e Risk and
Vulne abili y Assessmen s (CRVAs) ha e been
conduc ed o in o m in as uc u e planning.
Addi ionally, he UNDP has o ganized aining
p og ams on de eloping Clima e Change
Adap a ion Ac ion Plans o go e nmen
o icials and communi y membe s.
Adap a ion Gaps
Howe e , adap a ion gaps emain. The e is
limi ed e idence o e ec i e lood
managemen implemen a ion despi e policy
app o al. While sus ainable wa e
managemen is emphasized in policy, speci ic
ac ionable s a egies a e lacking. Simila ly,
despi e acknowledging clima e- ela ed heal h
isks, documen ed implemen a ion measu es
o add ess hea - ela ed illnesses and ec o -
bo ne diseases a e insu icien .
Cause o Clima e Inac ion
Se e al ac o s con ibu e o easons o
inac ion. These include inancial cons ain s
in secu ing in e na ional clima e inance, a
lack o comp ehensi e poli ical will o
in eg a e clima e change in o b oade
planning, de iciencies in public awa eness
hinde ing communi y engagemen , planning
challenges in adequa ely inco po a ing
clima e esilience, and po en ial equi y
conce ns in adap a ion e o s as he needs o
ulne able popula ions a e no de ailed in
policy.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
32
GHG Emissions in Peshawa
Majo g eenhouse gas (GHG) emission
sou ces in Peshawa include indus ies (b ick
kilns, ma ble, s eel) eleasing pa icula e
ma e and gaseous pollu an s. T adi ional
b ick kilns emi CO₂, me hane, and black
ca bon. Un egula ed ehicle emissions
con ibu e CO, NOₓ, and PM2.5. Ag icul u al
p ac ices like c op esidue bu ning elease
CO₂, me hane, and ni ous oxide. Unmanaged
solid was e bu ning leads o me hane and
o he haza dous pollu an s. Household
biomass bu ning emi s CO, me hane, and
PM2.5. Finally, cons uc ion and oad dus a e
signi ican sou ces o PM10 and PM2.5.
Solu ions and Recommenda ions
The WP p oposes se e al solu ions and
ecommenda ions wi hin a Clima e Ac ion
Plan. These include a ge s o educing
ca bon emissions and inc easing g een
spaces. Ac ions in ol e expanding public
anspo , u ban g eene y, and sus ainable
in as uc u e. U ban g een in as uc u e is
p oposed wi h a goal o plan ing 500,000 ees
by 2026. Flood managemen s a egies ocus
on upg ading d ainage sys ems. Wa e
conse a ion in ol es educing was age
h ough a ious me hods. Ai quali y con ol
aims o educe PM 2.5 le els h ough
moni o ing and s ic e emission s anda ds.
Renewable ene gy adop ion, a ge ing 20%
elec ici y gene a ion by 2030, is also
ecommended. Finally, public heal h
adap a ion ocuses on educing clima e-
ela ed diseases h ough campaigns and
imp o ed heal hca e in as uc u e.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Peshawa aces se ious clima e
and en i onmen al challenges exace ba ed by
apid u baniza ion and inadequa e
go e nance. Add essing hese issues equi es
immedia e and in eg a ed ac ion in ol ing he
go e nmen , p i a e sec o , and local
communi ies. This includes s ic e
en i onmen al egula ions, sus ainable u ban
planning, in es men in g een in as uc u e,
and enhanced clima e adap a ion s a egies.
---------
Abou he au ho : Ma ia Noo , om
Peshawa , holds a BSc in En i onmen al
Sciences. Wi h WWF expe ience, she
champions conse a ion. Noo aims o
d i e en i onmen al sus ainabili y and
clima e ac ion h ough impac ul esea ch
and policy con ibu ions.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
33
Laho e's Clima e U gency: Challenges and Solu ions
Muhammad A ish Saleem (Ma ks ob ained: 131/Ou o :150)
This whi e pape me iculously ou lines he
p essing clima e change issues con on ing
Laho e, Pakis an's second-la ges ci y. I
highligh s he signi ican g eenhouse gas
emissions, pa icula ly ca bon dioxide,
s emming om apid u baniza ion,
indus ial ac i i ies, and inc easing
ehicula a ic. The pape emphasizes ha
Laho e's ising a e age empe a u e and
al e ed ain all
pa e ns ha e
al eady igge ed
clima e- ela ed
e en s like
equen loods
and p olonged
smog seasons,
unde sco ing he ci y's ex eme ulne abili y
o clima e change.
A b eakdown o emission sou ces
Se e al c i ical challenges hinde e ec i e
clima e ac ion in Laho e. The anspo
sec o eme ges as he bigges con ibu o o
ai pollu ion, accoun ing o 83% o
emissions, ollowed by indus y (9%),
ag icul u e (3.9%), and open was e bu ning
(3.6%). The su ge in egis e ed ehicles,
especially wo-s oke engines, exace ba es
he p oblem. Despi e na ional and p o incial
clima e change policies, he pape poin s ou
challenges in implemen a ion due o limi ed
esou ces, inadequa e in as uc u e, and
insu icien in e -depa men al
coo dina ion. Fu he mo e, limi ed public
awa eness abou clima e change emains a
conce n. Laho e also lacks a comp ehensi e
eal- ime ai
quali y moni o ing
sys em, impeding
e ec i e pollu ion
managemen . The
economic analysis
e eals a decline in
ecosys em se ice
alue due o u ban expansion, impac ing
was e ea men , biodi e si y, soil
conse a ion, and clima e egula ion.
Policy s P ac ice
The pape discusses bo h sho - e m and
long- e m adap a ion s a egies. Sho - e m
measu es include masks, a ic es ic ions,
and limi a ions on ou doo ac i i ies du ing
smog e en s. Long- e m solu ions emphasize
a shi owa ds elec ic ehicles, expansion
Laho e also lacks a comp ehensi e eal- ime ai quali y
moni o ing sys em, impeding e ec i e pollu ion
managemen . The economic analysis e eals a decline in
ecosys em se ice alue due o u ban expansion,
impac ing was e ea men , biodi e si y, soil conse a ion,
and clima e egula ion.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
34
o public anspo a ion, a o es a ion, and
sus ainable indus ial p ac ices. The
inc easing adop ion o enewable ene gy
sou ces like sola powe in Pakis an is
highligh ed as a key adap a ion ac ic o
mee ing ising ene gy demands while
educing g eenhouse gas emissions.
Fo mi iga ion, he whi e pape sugges s a
mul i ace ed app oach:
• Enhancing Public T anspo a ion:
In es ing in and expanding e icien
sys ems like he Bus Rapid T ansi
(BRT) o educe eliance on p i a e
ehicles. BRT sys ems a e no ed o
hei e ec i eness in dec easing
emissions, especially in de eloping
coun ies.
• P omo ing Renewable Ene gy:
Encou aging he adop ion o sola
powe o lessen dependence on ossil
uels, acknowledging Pakis an's ecen
p og ess in sola ins alla ions.
• Implemen ing Indus ial Emission
Con ols: En o cing s ic e
egula ions on indus ies, including
phasing ou con en ional b ick kilns
and p omo ing cleane echnologies.
• Regula ing Ag icul u al P ac ices:
P o iding al e na i es o c op esidue
bu ning, such as subsidized machine y
o esidue managemen .
• Enhancing G een Spaces: De eloping
u ban g een bel s, pa ks, and oo op
ga dens o abso b pollu an s and cool
he ci y, ecognizing he c ucial ole o
g een spaces in mi iga ing he u ban
hea island e ec and imp o ing ai
quali y. Public pe cep ion o plan a ion
de elopmen and inc eased enewable
ene gy usage is gene ally a o able.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
35
• S eng hening Policy and
En o cemen : Es ablishing dedica ed
bodies o con inuous moni o ing and
implemen a ion o an i-pollu ion
measu es, emphasizing collabo a i e
e o s wi h neighbo ing egions o
add ess ansbounda y pollu ion.
S ic e s anda ds o au omobile
pollu ion a e also ecommended.
In conclusion, he whi e pape unde sco es
he u gency o coo dina ed ac ion in ol ing
go e nmen , businesses, ci il socie y, and
indi iduals o build a clima e- esilien Laho e.
P io i izing sus ainable u ban planning,
expanding public anspo , adop ing
enewable ene gy, en o cing s ic e emission
con ols, and enhancing g een spaces a e
c ucial s eps.
-------------
Abou he au ho : D i en by new clima e
change insigh s, A ish Saleem, M Phil, aims
o apply his knowledge o posi i e impac .
He wan s o ocus on p ac ical applica ion
and aising awa eness. This en iching
expe ience o Clima e Ac ion Skill’s aining
uels his commi men o add essing clima e
issues h ough in o med ac ion. He pledges o
con ibu ing o a sus ainable u u e.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
36
Shahdadpu Clima e Change Re iew and Sugges ions
Ki an Shahbaz (Ma ks ob ained: 131/Ou o : 150)
Shahdadpu , an impo an u ban cen e in
Pakis an's Sindh p o ince, aces signi ican
h ea s om clima e change, impac ing i s
en i onmen , economy, and he li elihoods o
i s app oxima ely 525,164 esiden s. This
whi e pape comp ehensi ely examines he
demog aphic, en i onmen al, and economic
aspec s o Shahdadpu , highligh ing clima e-
ela ed challenges, exis ing adap a ion
measu es,
mi iga ion
s a egies, and
o e ing aluable
sugges ions o a
mo e esilien
u u e.
Rising Tempe a u es, Ha sh Hea
The pape iden i ies se e al c i ical clima e
change issues a ec ing Shahdadpu . The ci y
has expe ienced ising empe a u es, wi h an
a e age inc ease o 1.2°C o e he las 50 yea s
and p ojec ions o a u he 2-3°C ise by
2050, leading o inc easingly equen and
in ense hea wa es. E a ic ain all pa e ns,
including inc eased hea y ain all e en s
causing lash loods and ex ended d y spells
leading o d ough s, dis up ag icul u al
ope a ions. While inland, Shahdadpu is
suscep ible o indi ec impac s o sea-le el
ise in low-lying Sindh a eas, po en ially
causing sal wa e in usion in o g oundwa e
and ha ming ag icul u al p oduc i i y. The
equency o ex eme wea he e en s like
dus s o ms and in ense monsoon ains has
also inc eased, damaging in as uc u e and
educing c op
p oduc ion. These
changes ha e
di ec impac s on
human heal h,
inc easing hea -
ela ed illnesses
and he sp ead o ec o -bo ne diseases like
dengue and mala ia. Ecosys ems a e also
unde h ea , wi h al e ed ain all and highe
empe a u es damaging plan and animal li e
and educing ag icul u al ou pu due o poo
soil quali y and wa e sca ci y.
Mul iple Clima e-Rela ed Risks
Shahdadpu aces nume ous challenges in
add essing clima e change. Majo clima e-
ela ed isks include ising empe a u es,
wa e sho ages a ec ing i iga ion and
Powe gene a ion, elying on ossil uels om egional
plan s, is a signi ican con ibu o o CO2 emissions.
Local indus ies, including ex ile mills and b ick kilns,
emi GHGs h ough uel consump ion and ine icien
p oduc ion.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
37
d inking supplies, and unp edic able looding
and d ough s. The ci y's ulne abili y is
exace ba ed by limi ed in as uc u e o
cope wi h ex eme wea he , inadequa e
access o clima e- esilien ag icul u al
echniques and wa e conse a ion me hods,
and a lack o comp ehensi e u ban planning
o add ess clima e ulne abili ies. Financial
cons ain s limi he implemen a ion o la ge-
scale adap a ion p ojec s, while poli ical will
and go e nance challenges slow down
clima e ac ion. Fu he mo e, a lack o
awa eness and educa ion on clima e change
adap a ion s a egies among local
communi ies hinde s e ec i e ac ion. Equi y
conce ns also p e ail, wi h ulne able
popula ions lacking access o adap a ion
esou ces.
Ini ial Adap a ion E o s
Despi e hese challenges, Shahdadpu has
ini ia ed some adap a ion measu es. These
include imp o ed d ainage in as uc u e
and embankmen s o lood managemen ,
a o es a ion and g een ini ia i es o comba
hea wa es and imp o e ai quali y, he
in oduc ion o wa e -e icien i iga ion
echniques o ag icul u e, public awa eness
campaigns on clima e esilience, and he
adop ion o sola ene gy by some households
and businesses. Howe e , signi ican
adap a ion gaps emain, including a lack o
designa ed cooling cen e s and eme gency
hea wa e esponse s a egies, limi ed
p omo ion o clima e- esilien c ops,
ulne able in as uc u e, absence o s ong
ai pollu ion con ol egula ions, and no la ge-
scale ainwa e ha es ing o g oundwa e
echa ge p ojec s.
Fossil Fuel Powe
Rega ding mi iga ion, he pape iden i ies key
g eenhouse gas (GHG) emission sou ces in
Shahdadpu . Powe gene a ion, elying on
ossil uels om egional plan s, is a signi ican
con ibu o o CO2 emissions. Local
indus ies, including ex ile mills and b ick
kilns, emi GHGs h ough uel consump ion
and ine icien p oduc ion. The
anspo a ion sec o , domina ed by diesel
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
44
is o educe GHG emissions by 20% by 2030
h ough enewable ene gy adop ion and
imp o ed was e managemen , wi h he i s
phase o he Clima e Ac ion Plan o be
comple ed by 2025.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Abbo abad is acing signi ican
clima e change impac s ha demand
immedia e and comp ehensi e ac ion. While
some adap a ion measu es a e in place,
subs an ial gaps and challenges emain. A
conce ed e o in ol ing poli ical will,
go e nmen ac ion, communi y engagemen ,
and indi idual esponsibili y is c ucial o
mi iga e GHG emissions, enhance esilience,
and sa egua d he u u e o his ulne able
egion.
--------------
Abou he au ho : Muhammad Asi Khan,
Abbo abad, leads clima e ac ion ia
Na u e News Ne wo k (46K+). Fo es y
and Wildli e expe , he champions
conse a ion, you h empowe men , and
clima e educa ion. He's d i en
a o es a ion, ained hund eds in
leade ship, and spea heads awa eness
campaigns, os e ing communi y-led
en i onmen al sus ainabili y.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
45
Kha ian, A Ci y Con on ing Clima e Change
Sabeen Ejaz (Ma ks ob ained: 129/Ou o : 150)
This whi e pape p o ides a comp ehensi e
o e iew o he c i ical issue o clima e
change and i s impac s speci ically on
Kha ian, a ci y in Punjab, Pakis an. The pape
me iculously ou lines he cu en clima e
si ua ion, iden i ies he p ima y sou ces o
g eenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and
p oposes p ac ical solu ions o mi iga ion
and adap a ion, emphasizing he c ucial oles
o a ious
s akeholde s. I
se es as a
oadmap o
Kha ian o become
a mo e clima e-
conscious and
esilien ci y
h ough measu able and ime-bound goals.
Kha ian's Clima e Shi s
The pape highligh s se e al signi ican
clima e change issues al eady a ec ing
Kha ian. Rising empe a u es, pa icula ly in
he summe , wi h a e ages equen ly
exceeding 40°C, and he inc easing equency
and in ensi y o hea wa es a e obse ed and
p ojec ed. Changes in p ecipi a ion pa e ns
ha e led o mo e unp edic able ain all, wi h
ex ended d y spells ollowed by in ense
ains o ms, inc easing he isk o loods
du ing he monsoon season and wa e
sho ages in d ie pe iods.
Consequen ly, ex eme wea he e en s like
hea wa es, o en ial ains, and spo adic
looding ha e become mo e equen and
se e e. These
changes ha e
di ec impac s on
human heal h,
wi h a ise in hea -
ela ed illnesses
and he sp ead o
wa e bo ne and
ec o -bo ne diseases like mala ia and
dengue.
Fu he mo e, ecosys ems a e being a ec ed,
leading o changes in biodi e si y and
dis up ing ag icul u e, a co ne s one o
Kha ian's economy, wi h dec eased yields in
key c ops like ice and whea due o e a ic
ain all and high hea . Quan i iable impac s
o e he pas 50 yea s include a 2-3°C inc ease
in a e age summe empe a u es, inc eased
annual ain all a iabili y, a 10-15% dec ease in
Quan i iable impac s o clima e change on Kha ian o e
he pas 50 yea s include a 2-3°C inc ease in a e age
summe empe a u es, inc eased annual ain all
a iabili y, a 10-15% dec ease in whea p oduc ion o e
he las decade, and a o e 20% ise in hea - ela ed heal h
p oblems in ecen yea s.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
46
whea p oduc ion o e he las decade, and a
o e 20% ise in hea - ela ed heal h p oblems
in ecen yea s.
Wa e , Will, Equi y
Despi e hese p essing issues, Kha ian has
begun implemen ing some exis ing
adap a ion measu es. These include wa e
conse a ion ini ia i es p omo ing e icien
i iga ion and ainwa e ha es ing,
ag icul u al di e si ica ion encou aging
clima e- esilien c ops and echniques, and
imp o emen s in heal h in as uc u e wi h
eme gency se ices o hea s oke and public
awa eness p og ams o disease p e en ion.
Howe e , he pape iden i ies signi ican
adap a ion gaps, such as un egula ed
g oundwa e exploi a ion and he absence o
a sys ema ic wa e managemen plan. Se e al
easons o inac ion a e no ed, including
inancial cons ain s, low poli ical will, a lack
o public awa eness, dispe sed and ununi ied
planning challenges, and equi y conce ns
ega ding access o adap a ion esou ces o
ulne able popula ions.
T anspo a ion's CO₂ Load
The whi e pape clea ly iden i ies he majo
g eenhouse gas (GHG) emission sou ces in
Kha ian. T anspo a ion, wi h an es ima ed
1,200 daily ehicles, is a p ima y con ibu o ,
eleasing app oxima ely 172.4 me ic ons o
CO₂ mon hly. Ag icul u e, pa icula ly
h ough e ilize use and ice cul i a ion,
con ibu es signi ican ly, es ima ed a 49,537
me ic ons o CO₂ equi alen mon hly. Solid
was e disposal, om he 75–105 me ic ons o
daily was e, adds o he emissions wi h 450 o
630 me ic ons o CO₂ equi alen mon hly
om land ills and incine a ion.
Leade ship, Policy, Ac ion
To add ess hese challenges, he pape
p oposes se e al solu ions and
ecommenda ions ha equi e coo dina ed
ac ion om a ious s akeholde s. Poli ical
leade ship is u ged o c ea e and implemen a
comp ehensi e clima e ac ion plan wi h
p io i ized sec o s and alloca ed unding.
Go e nmen depa men s need o en o ce
clima e- ela ed egula ions, conduc
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
47
en i onmen al e alua ions, and incen i ize
sus ainable p ac ices.
Ci il socie y should p omo e enewable
ene gy, sus ainable ag icul u e, and was e
educ ion h ough communi y ou each and
public educa ion. The media plays a i al ole
in aising public awa eness abou clima e
change and encou aging sus ainable li ing.
Ci izens a e called upon o adop sus ainable
p ac ices, suppo eco- iendly businesses,
and pa icipa e in local en i onmen al
ini ia i es. The pape also se s measu able
a ge s, including a 20% educ ion in GHG
emissions wi hin i e yea s, a 30% educ ion
in land ill was e by 2026, and he adop ion o
a leas 50% sus ainable a ming p ac ices by
2027.
Conclusion
In conclusion, his whi e pape e ec i ely
highligh s he u gency o clima e ac ion in
Kha ian, emphasizing he signi ican
en i onmen al challenges a ising om i s key
sec o s. I p o ides a clea unde s anding o
he impac s, iden i ies he majo emission
sou ces, and o e s conc e e, ac ionable
solu ions in ol ing all le els o socie y. The
pape unde sco es he impo ance o
collec i e ac ion and clea esponsibili ies in
building a clima e- esilien and
en i onmen ally sus ainable u u e o
Kha ian.
-------------
Abou he au ho : Sabeen Ejaz, a
dedica ed Social & SDG Impac Leade ,
holds a BS in En i onmen al Sciences. A
Mo e s Facili a o and LCOY Pakis an
2024 delega e, she champions SDG 4,
ocusing on quali y educa ion. D i en by a
passion o communi y impac , Sabeen
s i es o meaning ul, sus ainable
change.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
48
Islamabad: Clima e Impac s and Adap a ion Impe a i es
Nim a Dawood (Ma ks ob ained: 127/Ou o : 150)
This pape ocuses on he clima e change
issues, challenges, adap a ion s a egies, and
mi iga ion e o s o deal wi h clima e change
in he capi al ci y. Islamabad, si ua ed in he
Po hoha Pla eau wi h he Ma galla Hills as i s
backd op, aces a mul i ude o clima e change
impac s ha a e inc easingly a ec ing i s
ecological and
u ban
en i onmen .
Escala ing
Clima e
Impac s
The whi e pape
highligh s se e al
signi ican clima e
change impac s in
Islamabad. The
ci y has expe ienced an a e age empe a u e
inc ease o 3°C be ween 1961 and 1990, wi h
he mean empe a u e ising om 22°C in
2013 o 25°C by Janua y 2025.
P ojec ions indica e a u he empe a u e
inc ease o 0.7°C by 2039 and 2.2°C by 2069.
This ise con ibu es o hea wa es, which
ha e become mo e equen and in ense,
leading o heal h issues like hea s oke and
dec eased p oduc i i y.
Fu he mo e, he U ban Hea Island (UHI)
e ec is g owing, wi h an annual inc ease in
Su ace UHI Impac . Changing p ecipi a ion
pa e ns a e e iden , cha ac e ized by
inc eased
a iabili y, leading
o bo h u ban
looding (as seen
in he 2021
cloudbu s in
sec o E-11) and
p olonged d y
spells. These
e a ic pa e ns
exace ba e wa e
sca ci y, as Islamabad's dams (Rawal,
Khanpu , and Simply) ace a g owing sho all,
and g oundwa e le els a e declining apidly
due o o e -ex ac ion.
The consump ion o con amina ed wa e ,
o en due o indus ial and hospi al e luen s,
is widesp ead, leading o a ise in wa e bo ne
diseases. Ai pollu ion, exace ba ed by smog in
win e , is con ibu ing o inc eased
The la ges sou ce o GHG emissions in Islamabad is he
anspo a ion sec o , wi h 1.5 million egis e ed
ehicles. The ene gy sec o also con ibu es
signi ican ly, wi h Pakis an's o e all ene gy mix ha ing
an emission ac o o 834 g CO₂/kWh. Ag icul u al
emissions a e ela i ely low due o limi ed p ac ices.
Howe e , solid was e emissions a e subs an ial, anging
om 249,700 o 535,250 ons CO₂-eq pe yea , due o a
lack o land ill gas cap u e and p ope was e seg ega ion.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
49
espi a o y, skin, and ENT diseases. Finally,
biodi e si y is declining due o u baniza ion,
pollu ion, and clima e dis up ions,
h ea ening local lo a and auna, including
endange ed species, and inc easing ins ances
o wild i es in he Ma galla Hills Na ional Pa k.
Implemen a ion Gaps and Policy
De iciencies
The whi e pape iden i ies se e al signi ican
challenges in add essing clima e change in
Islamabad. A majo issue is he
implemen a ion gap in exis ing s a egies,
along wi h ine ec i e coo dina ion be ween
di e en agencies and a lack o long- e m
planning. Despi e he e iden ise in
empe a u es, an e ec i e coun e s a egy is
missing, and en o cemen o g een building
and u ban planning egula ions is lacking.
Regula ions on ain ha es ing exis bu a e
no en o ced, and g oundwa e egula ions
a e absen despi e he ala ming decline in he
wa e able. The ci y also lacks adequa e ea ly
wa ning lood and d ainage sys ems.
I onically, g een a eas con inue o be
con e ed in o esiden ial schemes, wi h li le
ocus on g eene y o low-income a eas.
Exis ing wa e dams lack p ope cleaning and
pollu ion con ol, and p ope was e
managemen and desalina ion sys ems a e
absen , leading o pollu ion o wa e sou ces.
Fu he mo e, p oac i e managemen o
wild i es and in asi e species in MHNP has
been inadequa e.
Low budge a y alloca ion o clima e
adap a ion compa ed o adi ional u ban
de elopmen and in as uc u e is a key
ba ie . Imp ope en o cemen and loopholes
in exis ing laws and policies hinde p og ess.
F equen go e nmen changes cause
p og am luc ua ions, and con lic s be ween
agencies o e ju isdic ion and esponsibili y
c ea e u he obs acles. Low public
awa eness and engagemen ega ding wa e
sca ci y isks also con ibu e o he
challenges.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
50
Adap i e S a egies and
Regula o y E o s
Islamabad has ini ia ed se e al adap i e
s a egies. Regula o y amewo ks include he
e ision o he Islamabad Mas e Plan (2018)
aimed a add essing u ban planning and g een
spaces. The CDA's By-Laws and Regula ions
(2023) p omo e sus ainable in as uc u e
wi h ene gy-e icien designs and wa e
ha es ing. A plas ic bag ban (2019) was
en o ced o educe was e. E o s owa ds
Islamabad Ai Quali y Managemen include
inc eased checks on emissions.
The We land Ini ia i e (2020) aims a wa e
decon amina ion. G een in as uc u e
ini ia i es include u ban o es y and
biodi e si y e o s like Miyawaki o es s and
ee plan a ion d i es. Wa e conse a ion
and managemen s a egies in ol e
encou aging ain ha es ing, ins alling
echa ge wells, and planning new dams.
Sus ainable anspo planning includes he
me o bus se ice and he de elopmen o
cyclis lanes. Fo clima e esilience and
disas e isk managemen , hea wa e
esponse cen e s ha e been es ablished, and
Islamabad bene i s om he p esence o
NDMA. Public awa eness and capaci y
building a e being p omo ed h ough
uni e si y p og ams and g een school
ini ia i es.
Key Sou ces o G eenhouse Gas
Emissions
The la ges sou ce o GHG emissions in
Islamabad is he anspo a ion sec o , wi h
1.5 million egis e ed ehicles. The ene gy
sec o also con ibu es signi ican ly, wi h
Pakis an's o e all ene gy mix ha ing an
emission ac o o 834 g CO₂/kWh.
Ag icul u al emissions a e ela i ely low due
o limi ed p ac ices. Howe e , solid was e
emissions a e subs an ial, anging om
249,700 o 535,250 ons CO₂-eq pe yea , due
o a lack o land ill gas cap u e and p ope
was e seg ega ion.
Low budge a y alloca ion o clima e
adap a ion compa ed o adi ional u ban
de elopmen and in as uc u e is a key
ba ie . Imp ope en o cemen and
loopholes in exis ing laws and policies
hinde p og ess. F equen go e nmen
changes cause p og am luc ua ions, and
con lic s be ween agencies o e
ju isdic ion and esponsibili y c ea e
u he obs acles.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
51
P oposed Adap a ion and
Mi iga ion Solu ions
The whi e pape p oposes se e al adap a ion
solu ions. Fo ai quali y, i sugges s c ea ing
low-emission zones, inc easing elec ic me o
buses, and manda ing annual emission es ing.
A s a egic plan a ion d i e ocusing on
na i e species and communi y moni o ing is
ecommended o enhance u ban o es y. To
add ess he UHI e ec , he pape sugges s
manda ing hea - e lec i e in as uc u e like
cool oo s and hea - esis an asphal s.
Fo looding and s o m managemen , he
ins alla ion o lood senso s and pe meable
pa emen s is p oposed. Ma galla Hills
p o ec ion measu es include c ea ing animal
mo emen co ido s and s ic es ic ions on
illegal cons uc ion and ou ism. A sma
wa e ini ia i e is sugges ed, in ol ing
g oundwa e ex ac ion egula ions, echa ge
wells, ain ha es ing, and g eywa e
ea men plan s.
Conclusion
This pape highligh s ha Islamabad aces
signi ican and in e connec ed clima e change
impac s, demanding u gen and well-
coo dina ed adap a ion and mi iga ion e o s
as ou lined in he whi e pape . Add essing he
iden i ied challenges and implemen ing he
p oposed solu ions a e c ucial o building a
clima e- esilien and sus ainable u u e o
he ci y.
-----------
Abou he au ho : Nim a Dawood, NUST
de elopmen s udies s uden , blends
esea ch wi h ac ion. Specializing in
gende inequali y, clima e jus ice, and
social mobili y, he wo k b idges esea ch,
policy, and p ac ice. Wi h a backg ound in
In e na ional Rela ions, she aims o c ea e
angible communi y imp o emen s
h ough c i ical esea ch.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
52
Islamabad: Clima e Challenges, Adap a ion, and Fu u e
Fa ima Ash a (Ma ks ob ained: 125/Ou o : 150)
This whi e pape p o ides a comp ehensi e
analysis o clima e change impac s,
challenges, adap a ion s a egies, and
mi iga ion measu es o Pakis an's capi al ci y.
I highligh s Islamabad's demog aphic,
economic, and en i onmen al landscape o
con ex ualize he g owing h ea s posed by a
changing clima e. The pape unde sco es he
u gency o sus ainable solu ions o p o ec
he ci y's en i onmen , public heal h, and
o e all quali y o li e.
Clima e Change Impac s in
Islamabad
The whi e pape me iculously de ails he
clima e change impac s al eady a ec ing
Islamabad. These include a signi ican ise in
a e age empe a u es by 1.5°C since 1980,
leading o mo e equen and in ense
hea wa es.
Changes in p ecipi a ion pa e ns,
cha ac e ized by mo e in ense monsoon ains
causing u ban looding and inc easing
d ough s a ec ing wa e a ailabili y, a e also
e iden . Fu he mo e, he ci y is expe iencing
mo e equen ex eme wea he e en s such
as dus s o ms, winds o ms, and cloudbu s s,
esul ing in p ope y damage and loss o li e.
These clima ic shi s ha e di ec
consequences on human heal h, wi h a ise in
ec o -bo ne diseases like dengue due o
inc eased humidi y and a su ge in hea -
ela ed illnesses among ulne able
popula ions. The ci y's ecosys ems a e also
unde h ea , wi h biodi e si y loss in he
Ma galla Hills and declining ai quali y
con ibu ing o espi a o y diseases.
G eenhouse Gas Emission
Sou ces
A c i ical aspec o he whi e pape is i s
analysis o G eenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions
in Islamabad, iden i ying key con ibu ing
sec o s. The ene gy sec o is he la ges
con ibu o (45%), hea ily elian on na u al
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
53
gas and diesel powe plan s. The anspo
sec o accoun s o 30% o emissions due o
inc eased ehicle usage and apid
mo o iza ion. Indus y and cons uc ion
con ibu e 15% h ough ene gy-in ensi e
ac i i ies. Finally, solid was e managemen is
esponsible o 10% o emissions due o open
dumping and land ill me hane.
E alua ion o Cu en Adap a ion
S a egies and Gaps
The pape e alua es exis ing adap a ion
s a egies in Islamabad, such as he "Ten
Billion T ee Tsunami" ini ia i e, expansion o
public anspo including elec ic buses, and
upg ades o lood managemen sys ems.
Howe e , i also iden i ies signi ican
adap a ion gaps, including insu icien local
clima e policies and limi ed in es men in
enewable ene gy despi e i s po en ial.
Ba ie s o adap a ion include unding
cons ain s and a public awa eness de ici
ega ding sus ainable p ac ices and g een
echnologies.
Solu ions and Recommenda ions
o Clima e Resilience
To add ess hese challenges, he whi e pape
o e s se e al solu ions and
ecommenda ions. I emphasizes
go e nmen ac ions such as implemen ing a
Local Clima e Ac ion Plan (LCAP) and
s eng hening egula ions o sus ainable
u ban planning. Renewable ene gy
p omo ion h ough he expansion o sola and
wind p ojec s and o e ing incen i es o
g een echnology adop ion is s ongly
ecommended.
The pape also ad oca es o sus ainable
anspo by in oducing elec ic public
anspo and expanding cycling and
pedes ian in as uc u e. Communi y
engagemen h ough awa eness campaigns
on ene gy conse a ion and was e ecycling
ini ia i es is deemed c ucial. The co po a e
and p i a e sec o a e encou aged o adop
g een building p ac ices and conduc ca bon
oo p in audi s. Finally, he pape s esses he
impo ance o managing heal h isks h ough
be e u ban planning, imp o ed heal hca e
p epa edness, and public awa eness.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
60
Conclusion
In summa y, he whi e pape e ec i ely
diagnoses he clima e change si ua ion in
Cha sadda, highligh ing i s ulne abili ies and
he impac s al eady being el ac oss a ious
sec o s. I iden i ies key challenges hinde ing
e ec i e ac ion and p o ides a comp ehensi e
se o ecommenda ions in ol ing all le els o
socie y o p omo e bo h adap a ion and
mi iga ion s a egies. The emphasis on mul i-
s akeholde engagemen and con ex -speci ic
solu ions is c ucial o building clima e
esilience in he dis ic .
---------
Abou he au ho : Aki Ullah, CRAF
esea che , blends psychology and
clima e ac ion. He d i es policy,
empowe men , and communi y esilience
h ough esea ch and ad ocacy. His
expe ise spans clima e change, gende ,
and public heal h, aiming o b idge
esea ch wi h ac ionable, sus ainable
solu ions o ulne able communi ies.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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Bal is an Clima e C isis: Impac s and Responses
Syed A i (Ma ks ob ained: 124/Ou o : 150)
This whi e pape , ocusing on clima e change
in Ska du Bal is an, p o ides a comp ehensi e
o e iew o he egion's suscep ibili y o
en i onmen al shi s, he ensuing challenges,
local adap a ion s a egies, and po en ial
mi iga ion a enues. I highligh s ha Gilgi
Bal is an, whe e Ska du is loca ed, is highly
ulne able o clima e change impac s in Sou h
Asia.
Clima e
Change
Issues in
Bal is an
The pape de ails
se e al signi ican
clima e change
issues a ec ing Ska du Bal is an. Rising
empe a u es a e a majo conce n, wi h
clima e s a ions showing an ala ming inc ease
in a e age empe a u es om he 1980s o
2006. This wa ming end con ibu es o
glacie mel ing, leading o he o ma ion o
dange ous glacial lakes and inc easing he isk
o glacial lake ou bu s loods (GLOFs), which
pose a se e e h ea o se lemen s,
in as uc u e, and ag icul u al land. Changes
in snow all pa e ns, wi h a signi ican
dec ease in snow all o e he pas h ee
decades, a e also e iden . These changes,
along wi h in ense hea wa es, a e leading o
mo e equen ex eme wea he e en s such
as blizza ds, snows o ms, and hea wa es.
The pape also no es he impac s on human
heal h, including s ess and sickness a ising
om al e ed wea he condi ions, and he
deg ada ion o
ecosys ems,
e idenced by he
declining
popula ion o he
Ma kho . The
ag icul u al sec o
is pa icula ly
a ec ed by hese changes, wi h educed c op
yields due o lack o ain all and al e ed glacial
mel pa e ns, impac ing he local economy
ha hea ily elies on ag icul u e and ou ism.
Challenges
Add essing clima e change in Ska du Bal is an
p esen s nume ous challenges. The egion's
economy is la gely dependen on seasonal
ou ism, li es ock, and small-scale
ag icul u e, all o which a e highly sensi i e o
clima e a ia ions. The inc easing mig a ion
Rising empe a u es a e a majo conce n, wi h clima e
s a ions showing an ala ming inc ease in a e age
empe a u es om he 1980s o 2006. This wa ming end
con ibu es o glacie mel ing, leading o he o ma ion o
dange ous glacial lakes and inc easing he isk o glacial
lake ou bu s loods (GLOFs), which pose a se e e h ea
o se lemen s, in as uc u e, and ag icul u al land.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
62
om u al o u ban a eas due o deg aded
u al li elihoods s ains he poo
in as uc u e and limi ed esou ces in ci ies
like Ska du. High you h unemploymen and
educed go e nmen subsidies exace ba e
po e y le els, making communi ies mo e
ulne able o clima e shocks.
Fu he mo e, while clima e change is a
signi ican issue, go e nmen s in s uggling
na ions may p io i ize economic de elopmen
and o he exigencies, po en ially o e looking
he u gency o clima e ac ion. A lack o
awa eness and unde s anding o he local
consequences o global clima e change also
hinde s he implemen a ion o e ec i e
adap a ion measu es.
Adap a ion
The whi e pape explo es exis ing adap a ion
measu es, including adi ional knowledge
like he Kalasha people's "Su i Jagek" o
wea he o ecas ing. Communi ies a e also
adop ing new a ming me hods and
echnologies o cope wi h wa e sho ages.
Communi y-based adap a ion models a e
ecognized o hei po en ial o enhance local
esilience. Howe e , he pape iden i ies
adap a ion gaps, emphasizing he need o
in eg a e con empo a y scien i ic knowledge
wi h indigenous knowledge o e ec i e
clima e ac ion. The e is a lack o
comp ehensi e esea ch on he speci ic
impac s o clima e change and glacie mel ing
on local subsis ence pa e ns in No he n
Pakis an.
Mi iga ion Measu e
Rega ding mi iga ion, he pape highligh s
ha wood bu ning o hea ing and cooking is
a majo con ibu o o g eenhouse gas
emissions in Bal is an, especially du ing
win e . The use o animal dung as a hea
sou ce is iden i ied as a p ima y sou ce o
me hane. Inc eased anspo a ion due o
g owing ou ism is also con ibu ing o ai
pollu ion. Solid was e disposal in u ban a eas,
due o a lack o echnology and managemen ,
leads o u he en i onmen al deg ada ion.
No ably, indus ial emissions a e conside ed
negligible due o he absence o signi ican
indus ial ac i i y.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
63
Sugges ions/Recommenda ions
The whi e pape o e s se e al
ecommenda ions o add ess clima e change
in Ska du Bal is an. I emphasizes he c ucial
ole o poli ical leade ship in de eloping and
implemen ing comp ehensi e clima e ac ion
plans and alloca ing necessa y esou ces.
Go e nmen depa men s, along wi h NGOs
and in e na ional o ganiza ions, should
p o ide suppo and assis ance o
communi ies a ec ed by clima e change, such
as p o iding lood- esis an seeds and aid o
ebuilding a e disas e s.
Ci il socie y and ci izens should engage in
communi y-le el ini ia i es like a o es a ion
and es ablishing aining ins i u ions. Raising
clima e change awa eness h ough educa ion
and in o ma ion dissemina ion is also i al o
ensu e people unde s and he p oblem and
can implemen app op ia e adap a ion
measu es.
Conclusion
This pape e ec i ely ou lines he se e e
impac s o clima e change on Ska du Bal is an,
highligh ing he ulne abili y o i s
communi ies and ecosys ems. While local
adap a ion s a egies exis , signi ican
challenges emain in add essing he
mul i ace ed consequences o ising
empe a u es, glacial mel , and al e ed
wea he pa e ns. The ecommenda ions
emphasize he need o coo dina ed e o s
om poli ical leade s, go e nmen bodies,
ci il socie y, and in o med ci izens o build
esilience and mi iga e u he en i onmen al
damage in his s a egically impo an and
ecologically sensi i e egion.
---------------
Abou he au ho : Syed A i is B.S in
En i onmen al Sciences and has been
associa ed wi h he global NGO WWF
Pakis an. He's d i en o c ea e change.
Wi h WWF Pakis an and Ice S upa P ojec
expe ience, he aims o es ablish GB as a
clima e- esilien communi y.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
64
Jhang Clima e Ac ion: Challenges and Way Fo wa d
Muhammad Ami (Ma ks ob ained: 123/Ou o : 150)
This whi e pape p o ides an insigh ul
o e iew o clima e change in Jhang Dis ic ,
Pakis an, highligh ing i s impac s, exis ing
adap a ions, majo g eenhouse gas emission
sou ces, and o e ing ecommenda ions o
u u e ac ion. Jhang, cha ac e ized by i s
ex eme clima e, is al eady expe iencing
signi ican epe cussions o a changing
clima e.
Clima e Change Issues and
Challenges
The dis ic aces soa ing empe a u es,
pa icula ly in May and June, o en eaching
45 deg ees Celsius, wi h inc easing equency
and in ensi y o hea wa es ha pose se ious
heal h isks. Changes in p ecipi a ion
pa e ns a e also e iden , wi h mo e equen
and in ense ain all e en s leading o lood
isks, alongside p olonged d ough s ha
dis up ag icul u e and h ea en ood
secu i y. The a iabili y in ain all exace ba es
wa e sca ci y and a ec s c op yields.
Jhang has also wi nessed an inc ease in dus
s o ms and se e e winds du ing he summe ,
causing damage o in as uc u e and
ag icul u e, and hese ex eme wea he
e en s a e p ojec ed o become mo e equen
and se e e. Fu he mo e, ising empe a u es
and inc eased humidi y c ea e a o able
condi ions o he sp ead o in ec ious
diseases, posing h ea s o human heal h,
especially o ulne able popula ions. Local
ecosys ems and ag icul u al p ac ices a e
unde h ea , leading o shi s in c op iabili y
and economic ins abili y o a me s.
Adap a ion S a egies
Jhang Dis ic demons a es a dynamic
esponse o hese challenges h ough a ious
adap a ion measu es. In he ag icul u al
sec o , a me s a e di e si ying c ops and
adop ing e icien i iga ion echniques like
d ip and sp inkle sys ems o add ess wa e
sca ci y. Economically, he e's a shi owa ds
small-scale indus ies, and mic o inance
ini ia i es a e empowe ing local
The dis ic aces soa ing empe a u es, pa icula ly in May and June, o en eaching 45 deg ees
Celsius, wi h inc easing equency and in ensi y o hea wa es ha pose se ious heal h isks.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
65
en ep eneu s and a me s. Socially, e o s in
educa ion, heal h, and women's
empowe men a e gaining ac ion.
En i onmen ally, a o es a ion e o s and
communi y-based lood managemen
p og ams a e being implemen ed.
Technological ad ancemen s, including
enhanced mobile and in e ne connec i i y
and he adop ion o ag icul u al echnology,
a e also playing a c ucial ole. Cul u ally, he
p omo ion o local es i als and media os e s
communi y engagemen .
Majo G eenhouse Gas Emission
Sou ces
The whi e pape iden i ies se e al majo
con ibu o s o g eenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions in Jhang Ci y. Powe gene a ion,
p edominan ly elian on coal- i ed and
na u al gas powe plan s, is a signi ican
sou ce o emissions. Va ious indus ial
sec o s, including manu ac u ing and
cons uc ion, also con ibu e subs an ially
h ough ossil uel combus ion and indus ial
was e gases.
The anspo a ion sec o , p ima ily oad
anspo using diesel and pe ol, is ano he
majo emi e . Ag icul u e con ibu es
h ough me hane emissions om li es ock
and ni ous oxide om e ilized soils, as well
as ag icul u al was e managemen p ac ices.
Finally, solid was e disposal in land ills and
h ough incine a ion eleases me hane and
CO2.
Solu ions and Recommenda ions
To e ec i ely add ess clima e change in Jhang
Ci y, he whi e pape p oposes conc e e
solu ions wi h de ined oles o a ious
s akeholde s. Poli ical leade ship is u ged o
de elop and implemen a comp ehensi e
clima e ac ion plan wi h measu able a ge s
and alloca e esou ces o enewable ene gy.
Go e nmen depa men s should o e see
ene gy e iciency egula ions in indus ies and
p omo e sus ainable ag icul u e, along wi h
es ablishing a moni o ing amewo k.
Ci il socie y needs o ad oca e o clima e
ac ion h ough communi y ou each and
acili a e g ass oo s ini ia i es. The media has
a ole in aising public awa eness and holding
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
66
s akeholde s accoun able. Businesses a e
encou aged o educe hei ca bon oo p in s
and in es in clean echnologies. Finally,
ci izens a e called upon o adop sus ainable
li es yles and suppo local clima e policies.
Conclusion
Jhang Dis ic aces signi ican and
mul i ace ed challenges due o clima e
change, bu i is also demons a ing esilience
h ough a ious adap a ion s a egies.
Add essing he oo causes equi es a
conce ed e o o mi iga e g eenhouse gas
emissions om key sec o s. The p oposed
solu ions and ecommenda ions o e a
pa hway owa ds a mo e sus ainable and
esilien u u e o Jhang.
-----------
Abou he au ho : Muhammad Ami , BS
Hons, is a clima e ac ion ad oca e.
Empowe ed by ecen aining, he's
launching local sus ainabili y p ojec s,
collabo a ing wi h businesses, and
p omo ing enewable ene gy. He's
passiona e abou inspi ing communi y-
d i en change and equipped wi h p ac ical
ools o make a eal impac .
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
67
Naga Valley: Clima e Change Impac s and Response
Sa da Hussain (Ma ks ob ained: 122/Ou o : 150)
This whi e pape p o ides an o e iew o he
clima e change si ua ion in Naga Valley,
Gilgi -Bal is an, Pakis an, ou lining he
obse ed impac s, challenges, and po en ial
adap a ion and mi iga ion s a egies. Si ua ed
nea China and India, Naga Valley's
en i onmen and socio-economic condi ions
ace h ea s due o clima e change. The egion
is cha ac e ized by high-al i ude moun ains,
glacie s, and
biodi e si y,
hea ily elian on
ag icul u e, glacial
wa e , and
ou ism.
Hunza's Clima e C ucible
The pape highligh s se e al c i ical clima e
change issues impac ing Naga Valley. These
include a ise in empe a u e, glacial mel ing,
i egula wea he pa e ns, ecosys em and
habi a des uc ion, and i egula
p ecipi a ion. The dependency on glacial
wa e makes he alley pa icula ly ulne able
o wa e sca ci y and pollu ion as glacie s
e ea and sp ings sh ink. An h opogenic
ac i i ies, such as d ainage and was e
disposal, exace ba e wa e con amina ion,
leading o inc eased wa e bo ne diseases.
The ag icul u e sec o su e s om declining
c op yields due o clima e-change-induced
diseases and pes s, a ec ing ood secu i y and
ma ke alue. Simila ly, li es ock heal h and
he communi y's economy a e nega i ely
impac ed. The mismanagemen o he
g owing ou ism indus y con ibu es
signi ican ly o
land, wa e , ai ,
and sound
pollu ion, u he
damaging he
en i onmen and
impac ing he
socio-economic well-being o he local
communi ies. Mo eo e , he eme gence o
diseases like cance , gas ic issues, anxie y,
and ec o -bo ne diseases, po en ially linked
o clima e change and inc eased ou ism,
poses a se e e h ea o public heal h. The
na u al ecosys em's bio ic componen s ace
diseases, mig a ion, and po en ial ex inc ion
due o hese changes.
The mismanagemen o he g owing ou ism indus y
con ibu es signi ican ly o land, wa e , ai , and sound
pollu ion, u he damaging he en i onmen and
impac ing he socio-economic well-being o he local
communi ies.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
68
Adap a ion is Mus o Su i al
Add essing hese challenges equi es
comp ehensi e adap a ion s a egies. The
pape emphasizes he need o p epa e an
In eg a ed Wa e Resou ce Managemen
(IWRM) S a egy o he egion, ocusing on
e icien and judicious wa e use ac oss
domes ic, ag icul u al, powe , and indus ial
sec o s. This includes imp o ing wa e
dis ibu ion sys ems. Implemen ing
adap a ion in e en ions in ag icul u e,
ho icul u e, li es ock, angelands, and
ishe ies is also c ucial. S eng hening
p epa edness and ins i u ional esponse o
educe mo bidi y and mo ali y om
in ec ious diseases and malnu i ion
a ibu ed o clima e change is i al, along
wi h es ablishing su eillance sys ems o
ele an isk ac o s.
Fu he mo e, adap a ion in land use and
o es y h ough mass a o es a ion,
e o es a ion, and wa e shed managemen o
soil p o ec ion and g oundwa e echa ge a e
ecommended. The impo ance o
unde s anding and suppo ing household-
le el clima e change adap a ion among small
landholde s in he egion is unde sco ed by
ongoing esea ch. This esea ch aims o
iden i y e ec i e adap a ion s a egies and
hei de e minan s, p o iding aluable da a
o policymake s o de elop a ge ed
in e en ions and esilience measu es.
Solu ions and Recommenda ions
The pape also ou lines se e al solu ions and
ecommenda ions o mi iga ion. I s esses
he impo ance o s ong poli ical leade ship
in planning and implemen ing an e ec i e
clima e change ac wi h s ic en o cemen
and penal ies o iola ions, alongside
incen i es o compliance. Go e nmen
depa men s, pa icula ly he EPA, should
ha e di ec in ol emen in en i onmen al
planning, suppo ed by law en o cemen .
Ci il socie y o ganiza ions should ac i ely
engage in clima e change mi iga ion h ough
communi y in ol emen , capaci y building,
awa eness campaigns, and expanding g een
bel s. The media plays a c ucial ole in aising
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
69
awa eness and educa ing he public abou
clima e change impac s.
Businesses a e encou aged o adop
en i onmen - iendly p ac ices, including
sus ainable packaging and using machine y
wi h lowe GHG emissions. Ci izen
pa icipa ion is deemed essen ial, wi h he
sugges ion o o ming communi y commi ees
o add ess speci ic issues like wa e
cleanliness and land managemen , ensu ing
accoun abili y a he local le el. Finally, he
pape ecommends sus ainable wa e
managemen p ac ices, including p ope
i iga ion and uno sys ems, o p o ec
human heal h and he aqua ic ecosys em.
In conclusion, he whi e pape e ec i ely
highligh s he signi ican clima e change
h ea s acing Naga Valley and emphasizes
he u gen need o a mul i-s akeholde
app oach in ol ing go e nmen ,
communi ies, and in e na ional o ganiza ions.
Implemen ing sus ainable adap a ion and
mi iga ion s a egies is c ucial o sa egua ding
he alley’s na u al esou ces and ensu ing he
well-being o i s inhabi an s.
---------
Abou he au ho : Sa da Hussain, BS
Fo es y, is an en i onmen al
coo dina o in Dis ic Naga , Gilgi
Bal is an. He le e ages his expe ise
o p omo e sus ainable p ac ices
wi hin a local o ganiza ion,
con ibu ing o he egion's ecological
p ese a ion.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
76
Clima e Change in Dih ko : Impac s & Adap a ion
A a U Rehman (Ma ks ob ained: 111/Ou o : 150)
This whi e pape examines he clima e change
issues a ec ing Dih ko , a pic u esque egion
in Azad Jammu and Kashmi . Dih ko is
expe iencing he ad e se e ec s o clima e
change, including ising empe a u es, e a ic
ain all pa e ns, and equen landslides,
impac ing i s popula ion, economy, and
en i onmen . The egion's dependence on
na u al esou ces makes i pa icula ly
ulne able o hese en i onmen al changes.
Clima e Change Issues and
Challenges
Recen s udies indica e ha Dih ko is
expe iencing ising empe a u es and e a ic
p ecipi a ion pa e ns. These clima ic shi s
a e leading o signi ican ecological and socio-
economic consequences. The inc eased
equency o ex eme wea he e en s like
loods and landslides poses subs an ial isks o
he egion's in as uc u e and he li elihoods
o i s inhabi an s. Changes in clima e pa e ns
a e also a ec ing he phenology o local plan
species, impac ing lowe ing imes and
dis ibu ion pa e ns.
Fu he mo e, shi s in clima e pa e ns,
including al e ed p ecipi a ion and
empe a u e, a e in luencing ag icul u al
p oduc i i y and he o e all heal h o plan
communi ies in Dih ko . De o es a ion and
unsus ainable land-use p ac ices exace ba e
hese en i onmen al challenges, leading o
soil e osion, inc eased isk o landslides, and a
loss o biodi e si y. Human-wildli e con lic
and li es ock p eda ion, po en ially in ensi ied
by en i onmen al deg ada ion, also p esen
challenges o he local communi ies.
The dependence on ag icul u e and na u al
esou ces o li elihoods makes he local
popula ion highly suscep ible o hese
clima e-induced challenges, po en ially
leading o educed c op yields, ood
insecu i y, and unde mining economic
s abili y.
The dependence on ag icul u e and na u al esou ces o li elihoods makes he local popula ion highly
suscep ible o hese clima e-induced challenges, po en ially leading o educed c op yields, ood
insecu i y, and unde mining economic s abili y.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
77
Adap a ion S a egies in Dih ko
The pape sugges s se e al adap a ion
s a egies o add ess he clima e change
impac s in Dih ko . These include
a o es a ion and e o es a ion p og ams o
es o e deg aded o es s and enhance
esilience. P omo ing clima e- esilien c ops
and wa e conse a ion echniques wi hin
he ag icul u al sec o is c ucial o ensu ing
ood secu i y in he ace o changing clima ic
condi ions. De eloping ea ly wa ning
sys ems and eme gency esponse plans can
help mi iga e he isks associa ed wi h
ex eme wea he e en s. In es ing in be e
oads, d ainage sys ems, and esilien
housing is essen ial o imp o ing
in as uc u e and p o ec ing communi ies
om clima e- ela ed disas e s.
Mi iga ion Measu es in Dih ko
While he pape p ima ily ocuses on he
impac s and adap a ion s a egies, i implici ly
sugges s ha educing de o es a ion and
p omo ing sus ainable land managemen
p ac ices could con ibu e o clima e change
mi iga ion by p ese ing ca bon sinks and
educing g eenhouse gas emissions om land
deg ada ion.
Sugges ions
The pape unde sco es he necessi y o a
combina ion o policy measu es, communi y
engagemen , and sus ainable de elopmen
ini ia i es o e ec i ely add ess he ad e se
e ec s o clima e change in Dih ko . I
highligh s he impo ance o unde s anding
he egion's ecological signi icance and i s
ulne abili y o clima e change o implemen
e ec i e adap a ion s a egies. P ese ing he
egion's cul u al he i age and adi ional
knowledge ela ed o na u al esou ce
managemen is also no ed as impo an in he
ace o mode niza ion and en i onmen al
change.
---------------
Abou he au ho : A a U Rehman, an
ad oca e and LLM candida e a
In e na ional Islamic Uni e si y, blends
academic igo wi h p ac ical legal
expe ise. Specializing in amily, ci il, and
c iminal law, he champions jus ice
h ough esea ch and ad ocacy. His
mission: o b idge legal unde s anding
wi h socie al needs.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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Na owal: Adap ing o Clima e Change Impac s
Kinza Muni (Ma ks ob ained: 111/Ou o : 150)
Na owal dis ic in Pakis an, hea ily elian on
ag icul u e, aces signi ican challenges due o
clima e change. The egion expe iences
empe a u e ex emes, wi h ising summe
empe a u es in ensi ying hea wa es and
inc easing wa e demand. E a ic wea he
pa e ns and educed ain all ha e led o
wa e sca ci y, nega i ely impac ing
i iga ion and esul ing in lowe ag icul u al
yields.
The dis ic is also p one o equen
luc ua ions be ween d ough s and loods
due o unp edic able monsoon seasons,
des oying c ops and dis up ing
in as uc u e. These changes in clima e a e
causing shi ing g owing seasons and
a ec ing c op iabili y, posing di icul ies o
local a me s. Fu he mo e, highe
empe a u es and poo sani a ion du ing
loods con ibu e o an inc ease in
wa e bo ne diseases, impac ing public heal h.
O e all, clima e change se e ely impac s
Na owal's ag a ian economy, leading o
economic and social consequences.
Clima e Change Adap a ion
S a egies in Na owal
To add ess hese challenges, Na owal is
pu suing a ious adap a ion s a egies aimed
a educing ulne abili y and imp o ing
esilience. Key measu es ocus on wa e
managemen and i iga ion, including he
implemen a ion o mo e e icien echniques
like d ip and sp inkle i iga ion, cons uc ion
o wa e ese oi s and ponds, and p omo ion
o ainwa e ha es ing. In clima e- esilien
ag icul u e, e o s a e being made o
encou age he cul i a ion o d ough -
esis an c ops, p omo e c op di e si ica ion,
and implemen imp o ed a ming echniques
such as conse a ion illage and ag o o es y.
Flood managemen s a egies in ol e
implemen ing lood o ecas ing and ea ly
Na owal is pu suing a ious adap a ion s a egies aimed a educing ulne abili y and imp o ing
esilience. Key measu es ocus on wa e managemen and i iga ion, including he implemen a ion o
mo e e icien echniques like d ip and sp inkle i iga ion, cons uc ion o wa e ese oi s and ponds,
and p omo ion o ainwa e ha es ing.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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wa ning sys ems, s eng hening lood ba ie s
and embankmen s, and empowe ing
communi ies wi h communi y-based disas e
isk managemen plans. To add ess heal h
conce ns, public educa ion on clima e isks is
being emphasized, alongside he
s eng hening o heal hca e acili ies o deal
wi h clima e-sensi i e diseases. E o s
owa ds sus ainable li elihoods and
economic di e si ica ion include
encou aging non-ag icul u al income sou ces
and suppo ing communi y-based adap a ion
p ojec s. Finally, o es and ecosys em
managemen h ough a o es a ion and
e o es a ion, as well as he conse a ion o
we lands, a e being unde aken o p e en soil
e osion, enhance biodi e si y, and egula e
he local clima e.
Mi iga ion and Sugges ions
While he p ima y ocus o he pape is on
clima e change impac s and adap a ion,
ce ain men ioned s a egies can indi ec ly
con ibu e o mi iga ion. Fo ins ance,
imp o ed a ming echniques like
ag o o es y and o ganic a ming can
enhance ca bon seques a ion in soils.
P omo ing enewable ene gy p ojec s (sola
and wind) as pa o economic di e si ica ion
would also help in educing g eenhouse gas
emissions.
Based on he in o ma ion p o ided, he
ollowing sugges ions can be made:
• Enhance in es men in wa e -
e icien i iga ion echnologies o
comba wa e sca ci y and educe
ene gy consump ion associa ed wi h
adi ional i iga ion me hods.
• Scale up p og ams suppo ing he
adop ion o d ough - esis an and
clima e-sma c op a ie ies o
ensu e ood secu i y unde changing
clima ic condi ions.
• S eng hen lood ea ly wa ning
sys ems and in es in esilien
in as uc u e o minimize he damage
om ex eme ain all e en s.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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• P omo e widesp ead adop ion o
enewable ene gy sou ces a he
communi y and household le els o
educe eliance on ossil uels.
• Implemen comp ehensi e public
awa eness campaigns on clima e
change impac s, adap a ion s a egies,
and he impo ance o sus ainable
p ac ices.
• Fos e s onge linkages be ween
esea ch ins i u ions and local
a me s o acili a e he de elopmen
and dissemina ion o clima e- esilien
ag icul u al p ac ices.
• Suppo he de elopmen o small-
scale, clima e- esilien non-
ag icul u al li elihoods o educe
dependence on ag icul u e and
enhance economic s abili y.
---------
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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Laho e's Clima e Change: Impac s and Ac ions
Shahid Nawaz (Ma ks ob ained: 109/To al ma ks: 150)
Laho e, Pakis an's second-la ges ci y and a
signi ican cul u al and economic hub, is
acing inc easing h ea s om clima e change,
as de ailed in he Whi e Pape da ed Ma ch 3,
2025. This e iew summa izes he clima e
change issues, challenges, adap a ion and
mi iga ion e o s, and sugges ions ou lined in
he documen .
Clima e Change Issues
Laho e is expe iencing a clea wa ming end,
wi h a 1.5°C inc ease in a e age empe a u e
since 1960, and p ojec ions indica ing a
u he 0.8–1.0°C ise by 2050. The ci y has
wi nessed in ensi ied hea wa es, wi h
empe a u es exceeding 45°C and hea indices
eaching 49°C. Rapid u baniza ion, wi h he
con e sion o o e 200 squa e kilome e s o
a mland and g een space since he 1980s, has
exace ba ed he u ban hea island e ec ,
making densely popula ed a eas signi ican ly
ho e .
Changes in p ecipi a ion pa e ns a e also
e iden , wi h inc easingly e a ic monsoon
ain all leading o u ban looding and
p olonged d y spells causing wa e sca ci y.
Ex eme wea he e en s a e on he ise,
including mo e equen and in ense loods,
such as he eco d-b eaking 353 mm o ain in
a ew hou s in July 2024. Dus s o ms, once
a e, ha e become inc easingly common,
posing espi a o y heal h isks.
Ala mingly, clima e change is exace ba ing
Laho e’s se e e ai pollu ion, making i one o
he wo ld’s mos pollu ed ci ies, wi h PM2.5
le els eaching dange ously high
concen a ions, especially du ing win e .
These en i onmen al changes a e ha ing
signi ican human heal h impac s, including
inc eases in hea - ela ed illnesses, espi a o y
and ca dio ascula diseases, ec o -bo ne
diseases like dengue, wa e bo ne diseases,
and e en men al heal h issues. The ci y's
ecosys em is also su e ing, wi h loss o ee
co e , declining na i e species, p oli e a ion
Ala mingly, clima e change is exace ba ing Laho e’s se e e ai pollu ion, making i one o he
wo ld’s mos pollu ed ci ies, wi h PM2.5 le els eaching dange ously high concen a ions, especially
du ing win e .
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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o in asi e species, deg ada ion o we lands,
and educed ag icul u al and ishe ies yields.
The anspo sec o is iden i ied as he
la ges con ibu o o GHG emissions in
Laho e, ollowed by indus y, was e bu ning,
and ag icul u e esidue bu ning.
Clima e Challenges
Despi e some ongoing e o s, Laho e aces
signi ican adap a ion gaps. These include
inadequa e d ainage sys ems, unplanned
u baniza ion, lack o hea - esilien
in as uc u e, o e exploi a ion o
g oundwa e , limi ed adop ion o ainwa e
ha es ing, weak en o cemen o emission
s anda ds, unde de eloped ea ly wa ning
sys ems, low public clima e li e acy, and
insu icien ecosys em es o a ion. Se e al
ba ie s o adap a ion hinde p og ess,
including inancial cons ain s, agmen ed
go e nance, echnical and capaci y gaps,
socioeconomic challenges (high po e y,
in o mal se lemen s), cul u al and beha io al
ba ie s, and en i onmen al deg ada ion.
Adap a ion and Mi iga ion
Laho e has ini ia ed some adap a ion
measu es, such as pa icipa ion in he 10
Billion T ee Tsunami P og am, de elopmen o
u ban pa ks, implemen a ion o a Smog Ac ion
Plan, ins alla ion o ai quali y moni o ing
s a ions, p omo ion o ainwa e ha es ing,
upg ading d ainage sys ems, discussions o a
Hea Ac ion Plan, de elopmen o he Punjab
Clima e Change Policy 2024, and
es ablishmen o a compos ing acili y. The e
a e also enewable ene gy ini ia i es and
clima e change esea ch being conduc ed.
Mi iga ion e o s a e e lec ed in he Smog
Ac ion Plan's a emp s o egula e emissions
om a ious sec o s and he compos ing
acili y's ole in educing land ill was e and
GHG emissions.
Sugges ions o comba Clima e
Change
The Whi e Pape emphasizes a mul i-
s akeholde app oach o add ess clima e
change in Laho e. Key ecommenda ions
include poli ical leade ship de eloping a
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
83
Clima e-Resilien U ban Mas e Plan and
implemen ing policies o g oundwa e
egula ion and low-emission zones.
Go e nmen depa men s should es ablish a
Uni ied U ban De elopmen Au ho i y,
implemen sma i iga ion, and expand
elec ic public anspo a ion. Ci il socie y
should ad oca e o u ban g eening, wa e
conse a ion, and disas e p epa edness
aining. Businesses need o in es in g een
and esilien in as uc u e. Ci izens should
adop sus ainable p ac ices. The media has a
c ucial ole in aising awa eness and holding
s akeholde s accoun able.
The epo also se s measu able a ge s o
inc easing g een co e and educing PM2.5
le els. Financial measu es, including secu ing
clima e inance and alloca ing a po ion o he
ci y budge o adap a ion, a e essen ial.
Finally, communi y engagemen is
highligh ed o ensu e equi able and
sus ainable de elopmen .
Conclusion
Clima e change p esen s a signi ican and
mul i ace ed challenge o Laho e. While some
ini ial s eps owa ds adap a ion and
mi iga ion ha e been aken, subs an ial and
coo dina ed e o s ac oss all sec o s a e
u gen ly needed o build esilience and ensu e
a sus ainable u u e o he ci y's g owing
popula ion. Add essing he iden i ied gaps and
ba ie s h ough s ong poli ical will,
adequa e unding, and ac i e communi y
pa icipa ion is c ucial o e ec i e clima e
ac ion.
-----------------
Abou he au ho : Shahid Nawaz is an
En i onmen al Sciences g adua e d i ing
sus ainable change. He leads clean-ups,
wo kshops, and enewable campaigns, inspi ing
eco-ac ion. T ee plan ing, ecycling ad ocacy,
and policy collabo a ion de ine his commi men .
He empowe s communi ies owa ds a g eene
u u e h ough NGO olun ee ing and p oac i e
ini ia i es.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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Chakwal Clima e Impac s and Resilience
Teh eem Khan (Ma ks ob ained: 106/To al ma ks: 150)
This e iew summa izes he whi e pape
analyzing clima e change impac s in Chakwal,
Pakis an. The documen highligh s he
dis ic 's ulne abili y o e ol ing clima e
ends, he esul ing challenges ac oss a ious
sec o s, and p oposes adap a ion and
mi iga ion s a egies o building esilience.
Chakwal, a p edominan ly u al dis ic in
Punjab wi h an ag a ian economy, aces
signi ican h ea s om ising empe a u es,
al e ed ain all pa e ns, and inc eased
equency o ex eme wea he e en s.
Majo Clima e Change Issues
His o ical clima e da a e eals an a e age
empe a u e inc ease o 1.5°C o e he las 30
yea s in Chakwal. P ojec ions indica e a
u he 2-4°C ise by he end o he cen u y.
Rain all pa e ns a e becoming inc easingly
e a ic, wi h dec easing annual ain all and
g ea e a iabili y, leading o bo h d ough s
and loods. The a e age annual ain all is
a ound 500-700 mm, concen a ed in he
monsoon season, and has seen a 15%
educ ion o e he pas wo decades.
Fu he mo e, he equency and in ensi y o
hea wa es ha e inc eased, wi h a 20% ise in
he las decade.
Clima e Change Challenges
These clima e changes pose se e e challenges
o Chakwal's key sec o s. Ag icul u e, which
employs app oxima ely 60-70% o he
wo k o ce and is la gely ain- ed, is
pa icula ly ulne able. Dec easing ain all
and hea s ess ha e al eady led o a 15%
decline in whea yields in he las decade, and
o e all c op yields o whea and maize ha e
dec eased by abou 25% due o wa e sca ci y.
Inc eased li es ock mo ali y due o
hea wa es and wa e sho ages, es ima ed a
10-15% du ing se e e e en s, u he impac s
li elihoods.
The clima e change poses se e e challenges o Chakwal's key sec o s. Ag icul u e, which employs
app oxima ely 60-70% o he wo k o ce and is la gely ain- ed, is pa icula ly ulne able. Dec easing
ain all and hea s ess ha e al eady led o a 15% decline in whea yields in he las decade, and o e all
c op yields o whea and maize ha e dec eased by abou 25% due o wa e sca ci y.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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Wa e esou ces a e unde immense p essu e
due o declining g oundwa e le els om
o e -ex ac ion and limi ed su ace wa e .
Wa e sho ages a ec 40% o households
du ing peak summe . Human heal h is also a
isk, wi h inc eased cases o hea s oke and
wa e bo ne diseases epo ed. The ise in
wa e bo ne diseases by 30% is linked o
con amina ed wa e sou ces. Mo eo e ,
ex eme wea he e en s like loods, d ough s,
and s o ms damage in as uc u e and human
se lemen s. His o ical si es and cul u al
landma ks a e also a isk due o inc eased
ain all in ensi y causing e osion and
deg ada ion. The economic losses due o
clima e- ela ed e en s a e es ima ed a $50
million USD annually. Li elihood insecu i y is
d i ing ou -mig a ion om u al a eas, wi h a
5% inc ease epo ed.
Adap a ion S a egies
The whi e pape emphasizes he need o
a ious adap a ion s a egies o build
esilience. Wa e conse a ion measu es a e
c ucial, including p omo ing ainwa e
ha es ing, d ip i iga ion, and wa e -e icien
a ming p ac ices. In oducing and p omo ing
d ough - esis an c ops like ce ain a ie ies
o whea , maize, and pulses, in collabo a ion
wi h he Punjab Ag icul u al Resea ch Boa d,
is also ecommended. Clima e-sma
ag icul u e p ac ices, such as c op o a ion,
conse a ion illage, and in eg a ed nu ien
managemen , should be adop ed.
Fu he mo e, a o es a ion and e o es a ion
e o s a e necessa y o inc ease o es co e
(wi h a a ge o a 5% inc ease by 2030) and
educe soil e osion. In es ing in clima e-
esilien in as uc u e, including lood
con ol measu es and d ough - esis an
c ops, and s eng hening ea ly wa ning
sys ems o d ough s and loods a e also i al.
Mi iga ion S a egies
Rega ding mi iga ion, he pape iden i ies key
GHG emission sou ces in Chakwal, p ima ily
indus ies like cemen ac o ies (Bes way
Cemen , DG Khan Cemen ) and adi ional
b ick kilns. Coal- i ed powe plan s in he
egion also con ibu e o emissions. The whi e
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
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KRK: Facing Clima e Change Impac s
Muhammad Waleed Mee an (Ma ks ob ained: 90/Ou o : 150)
This e iew ocuses on he clima e change
aspec s de ailed in he Whi e Pape on Ko
Radha Kishen (KRK), a ehsil in Punjab,
Pakis an. The documen highligh s he
signi ican clima e change issues acing KRK,
he associa ed challenges, and p oposes
adap a ion and mi iga ion s a egies,
alongside emphasizing he u gen need o
collabo a i e ac ion.
KRK Unde Clima e Siege
The Whi e Pape iden i ies se e al c i ical
clima e change issues impac ing KRK. The
egion has expe ienced ising empe a u es,
wi h hea su ges eaching as high as 44°C in
nea by Laho e a ec ing KRK. This has led o
dec eased p oduc i i y in key ag icul u al
sec o s like whea and co on (up o 20%),
causing economic ha dships o a me s.
Human heal h has also been se e ely
impac ed, wi h an inc ease in suns oke,
ca diac a es , dehyd a ion, e e , and
b ea hing p oblems, pa icula ly among
ulne able popula ions and labo e s.
Li es ock su e om hea s ess, lowe milk
yields, and inc eased mo ali y. Addi ionally,
al e ed p ecipi a ion pa e ns a e e iden ,
wi h a 42% educ ion in p ecipi a ion
obse ed be ween Sep embe 2024 and mid-
Janua y 2025, leading o win e d ough ,
educed soil mois u e, and c op yield losses.
Con e sely, mo e equen and in ense ain all
e en s in o he seasons cause looding, soil
e osion, and wa e logging, u he dis up ing
ag icul u e. The unp edic abili y o ain all
makes adi ional a ming inc easingly
challenging, leading o economic ins abili y
and ood insecu i y.
Comba ing Clima e Change in
KRK
These clima ic changes p esen signi ican
challenges o KRK. The ag icul u al sec o , a
co ne s one o he local economy, aces
h ea s om declining yields and wa e
The ag icul u al sec o o KRK, a co ne s one o he local economy, aces h ea s om
declining yields and wa e sca ci y. Human heal h is inc easingly a isk due o hea wa es and
he p oli e a ion o ec o -bo ne diseases like mala ia and dengue, exace ba ed by al e ed
empe a u es and ain all.
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
93
sca ci y. Human heal h is inc easingly a isk
due o hea wa es and he p oli e a ion o
ec o -bo ne diseases like mala ia and
dengue, exace ba ed by al e ed empe a u es
and ain all. The ecological s a e o KRK is also
unde p essu e, wi h dec eased na i e species
popula ions due o habi a modi ica ion and
he sp ead o in asi e species. P olonged
hea wa es ha e e oded o es co e ,
de e io a ing soil condi ions and impac ing
essen ial pollina o s. Changes in wa e
a ailabili y and quali y in eshwa e bodies
like canals and ponds ha e dis up ed local
ishe ies. Quan i iable impac s o e he pas
ou decades include empe a u e ises o
12.2% o 15.9% and p ecipi a ion inc eases o
10.9% o 14.9%. These changes ha e ha med
na u al habi a s, educed ag icul u al
p oduc ion, deg aded soil, and po en ially
caused popula ion shi s. Heal hca e acili ies
ace inc easing s ain due o clima e- ela ed
inciden s and he ise in wa e bo ne and
ec o -bo ne diseases.
A Call o Uni ied Ac ion
The Pape p oposes se e al adap a ion
s a egies o add ess hese challenges. These
include de eloping hea - esis an c ops,
implemen ing imp o ed i iga ion
echniques and be e wa e managemen .
Fo human heal h, he ecommenda ions
include enhanced u ban hea educ ion
echniques, expanding medical se ices,
implemen ing cooling p og ams, imp o ing
wa e accessibili y, and s eng hening disease
moni o ing sys ems.
In e ms o mi iga ion, he documen
emphasizes he need o an in eg a ed
app oach in ol ing a ious s akeholde s.
Poli ical leade ship should es ablish a clima e
ac ion plan in eg a ing adjus men and
mi iga ion in o all policies and de elopmen al
plans, along wi h a a ge ed g een unding
ini ia i e o boos enewable ene gy capaci y.
Go e nmen depa men s a e asked wi h
moni o ing and execu ing clima e policies,
c ea ing a ca bon discha ge ading sys em,
es ablishing ene gy e iciency p og ams o a
leas a 10% educ ion by 2030, and in eg a ing
Whi e Pape s on Clima e Change o 27 Ci ies and Towns Clima e Ac ion Skills
94
sola powe in 30% o public schools and
hospi als by 2030. Ci il socie y o ganiza ions
will p omo e clima e ac ion h ough
g ass oo s p og ams, ocusing on capaci y
building o ulne able g oups and
inco po a ing local knowledge in o policies.
The media should dissemina e accu a e
clima e change in o ma ion, hold esponsible
pa ies accoun able, and acili a e public
discussions. Businesses a e encou aged o
suppo sus ainable me hods and g een
echnologies, aiming o 15% elec ic ehicle
adop ion in new ca pu chases by 2030 and
collabo a ing on g een p ojec s.
Conclusion
In conclusion, he Pape e ec i ely highligh s
he signi ican clima e change issues and
challenges con on ing Ko Radha Kishen. I
unde sco es he u gen need o
comp ehensi e and collabo a i e adap a ion
and mi iga ion s a egies in ol ing all le els o
socie y. The sugges ed solu ions p o ide a
amewo k o building clima e esilience in
he egion.
----------
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Mohmand's Clima e C isis: Challenges and Solu ions
Sami Ullah (Ma ks ob ained: 90/Ou o : 150)
Mohmand, a ully u al dis ic in Khybe
Pakh unkhwa, Pakis an, wi h a popula ion o
553,933 (2023), aces a se e e unde g ound
wa e c isis exace ba ed by clima e change.
The p ima y economic ac i i ies o ag icul u e
and mining a e signi ican ly h ea ened by
declining g oundwa e le els. This whi e
pape highligh s he clima e change issues,
challenges, exis ing and po en ial adap a ion
s a egies, limi ed in o ma ion on mi iga ion,
and o e s se e al key sugges ions o
add essing his c i ical si ua ion.
Clima e change impac s
Clima e change is signi ican ly impac ing
Mohmand h ough ising empe a u es,
changes in p ecipi a ion pa e ns, and
inc eased equency o ex eme wea he
e en s. Inc easing empe a u es ha e led o
highe e apo a ion a es, u he educing
wa e a ailabili y. E a ic ain all esul s in
p olonged d ough s and lash loods,
nega i ely a ec ing ag icul u e and d inking
wa e supply. These ex eme wea he e en s
also impac human heal h h ough wa e
sho ages and inc eased wa e bo ne diseases.
The pe sis en d ough condi ions a e causing
ege a ion loss and dese i ica ion, leading o
educed g oundwa e echa ge a es and loss
o biodi e si y.
Challenges Exace ba ing he Wa e
C isis
Se e al challenges compound hese clima e
change impac s. Wa e sca ci y due o o e -
ex ac ion o g oundwa e is a p essing issue.
The eliance on wa e -in ensi e ag icul u al
p ac ices u he s ains he al eady limi ed
wa e esou ces. Mining ac i i ies no only
con ibu e o en i onmen al deg ada ion bu
also o wa e deple ion. T adi ional housing
s uc u es o en ha e limi ed access o clean
d inking wa e and sani a ion acili ies,
making he popula ion mo e ulne able o
wa e bo ne diseases du ing sho ages.
Mining ac i i ies no only con ibu e o en i onmen al deg ada ion bu also o wa e deple ion.
T adi ional housing s uc u es o en ha e limi ed access o clean d inking wa e and sani a ion
acili ies, making he popula ion mo e ulne able o wa e bo ne diseases du ing sho ages.
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Fu he mo e, he e is a lack o la ge-scale
wa e managemen p ojec s and insu icien
in es men in sus ainable wa e
conse a ion echnologies. Poo
en o cemen o wa e usage egula ions and
inancial cons ain s also hinde e ec i e
ac ion. A lack o awa eness abou wa e
conse a ion s a egies and an inadequa e
policy amewo k and go e nmen suppo
u he con ibu e o inac ion.
Limi ed Exis ing Adap a ion
Measu es
Despi e hese challenges, some adap a ion
measu es a e being implemen ed. T adi ional
ainwa e ha es ing me hods a e used on a
small scale. Fa me s a e adap ing by g owing
d ough - esis an c ops. Some i iga ion
p ojec s ha e been ini ia ed o manage wa e
usage. Howe e , hese measu es a e
insu icien o add ess he scale o he c isis,
indica ing signi ican adap a ion gaps.
The pape p o ides a b ie o e iew o
g eenhouse gas (GHG) emission sou ces in
Mohmand. While powe plan s ha e a minimal
con ibu ion due o limi ed elec ici y
p oduc ion, mining ac i i ies and li es ock
a ming in he ag icul u e sec o exace ba e
clima e issues. Excessi e g oundwa e
ex ac ion o ag icul u e is also linked o
clima e challenges. Limi ed was e
managemen in as uc u e leading o
uncon olled was e disposal is ano he
con ibu ing ac o . The pape p ima ily
ocuses on he impac s o clima e change and
adap a ion s a egies a he han de ailed
mi iga ion plans.
Key Solu ions and
Recommenda ions
The whi e pape o e s se e al key solu ions
and ecommenda ions. I emphasizes he
need o implemen ing policies o
sus ainable wa e managemen and
alloca ing unds o wa e conse a ion
p ojec s by poli ical leade ship. Go e nmen
depa men s should egula e g oundwa e
ex ac ion and en o ce wa e conse a ion
measu es. Ci il socie y needs o aise
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97
awa eness abou wa e conse a ion
echniques, and he media should dissemina e
in o ma ion abou clima e change impac s
and solu ions. Businesses a e encou aged o
in es in sus ainable mining and wa e -
e icien ag icul u al p ac ices, while ci izens
should adop esponsible wa e usage habi s.
P oposed solu ions include p omo ing
ainwa e ha es ing and g oundwa e
echa ge p ojec s. A shi owa ds d ip
i iga ion and d ough - esis an c op
a ie ies in ag icul u e is ecommended.
Policy in e en ions a e needed o p e en
excessi e g oundwa e ex ac ion.
In as uc u e de elopmen , such as building
small dams and ese oi s, is sugges ed o
s o e wa e . C ucially, he pape highligh s he
impo ance o communi y engagemen in
wa e conse a ion e o s.
P oposed Solu ions and
Implemen a ion F amewo k
The p oposed implemen a ion amewo k
includes se ing a measu able goal o educe
g oundwa e deple ion by 20% in he nex
decade. Solu ions mus align wi h local
economic and en i onmen al condi ions o
ensu e easibili y and ele ance. The imeline
o implemen a ion includes sho - e m (1-2
yea s) awa eness campaigns and policy
o mula ion, medium- e m (3-5 yea s)
in as uc u e de elopmen and egula o y
en o cemen , and long- e m (5+ yea s) aiming
o signi ican imp o emen s in wa e
conse a ion.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Mohmand is g appling wi h a
se e e wa e c isis d i en by clima e change
and unsus ainable p ac ices. Add essing his
equi es u gen and collabo a i e e o s
in ol ing sus ainable wa e managemen ,
policy in e en ions, and ac i e communi y
engagemen o ensu e a wa e -secu e u u e
o he dis ic .
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Lasbela's Clima e Change: U gen Ac ion Needed
Anas Habib (Ma ks ob ained: 82/Ou o : 150)
Dis ic Lasbela, si ua ed in sou he n
Balochis an, Pakis an, is g appling wi h
signi ican clima e change impac s p ima ily
s emming om unchecked de o es a ion. This
illegal logging has diminished he land's
capaci y o abso b ca bon dioxide, esul ing in
ising empe a u es and mo e equen
hea wa es. The loss o o es co e has also
dis up ed local wea he pa e ns, leading o
unp edic able ain all and ex ended d y spells,
which in u n cause majo issues o local
a me s and diminish ag icul u al
p oduc i i y. The de as a ing loods o 2022
u he highligh ed he dis ic 's ulne abili y,
causing widesp ead damage o c ops, housing,
and public heal h.
Challenges Hinde ing Clima e
Ac ion in Lasbela
Se e al challenges hinde e ec i e clima e
ac ion in Lasbela. De o es a ion and illegal
logging con inue unaba ed due o weak
en o cemen . Fo es conse a ion e o s a e
limi ed, exace ba ing he en i onmen al
deg ada ion. The economy, hea ily elian on
ishing, ag icul u e, li es ock b eeding, and
mining, is inc easingly h ea ened by al e ed
wea he pa e ns and educed p oduc i i y o
na u al esou ces. Exis ing lood p o ec ion
measu es a e inadequa e, as e idenced by he
2022 disas e . Fu he mo e, in es men in
clima e-sma ag icul u al p ac ices and
mode n i iga ion sys ems emains
insu icien , limi ing he abili y o a me s o
adap . Weak go e nance and co up ion pose
signi ican obs acles o implemen ing and
en o cing en i onmen al egula ions.
Insu icien Cu en Adap a ion
S a egies
Cu en adap a ion s a egies a e la gely
insu icien . While some small-scale
e o es a ion p ojec s exis , a mo e
comp ehensi e app oach is u gen ly needed.
Simila ly, while he e a e e o s owa ds
wa e conse a ion, hey equi e signi ican
Se e al challenges hinde e ec i e clima e ac ion in Lasbela. De o es a ion and illegal logging
con inue unaba ed due o weak en o cemen . Fo es conse a ion e o s a e limi ed, exace ba ing he
en i onmen al deg ada ion.
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scaling and in es men in clima e-sma
ag icul u al echniques. The whi e pape
emphasizes he necessi y o obus lood
managemen and wa e conse a ion
in as uc u e o mi iga e u u e disas e s.
Eme ging Mi iga ion Needs
While no explici ly de ailed as mi iga ion, he
ecommended ac ions include elemen s o i .
En o cing s ic laws agains illegal logging
and p o ec ing exis ing o es s would help
p ese e ca bon sinks. P omo ing enewable
ene gy and en i onmen ally iendly
p ac ices among businesses and ci izens can
also con ibu e o educing emissions.
Ex ensi e e o es a ion p og ams a e c ucial
o es o ing los o es co e and enhancing
ca bon seques a ion.
Recommended Solu ions and
Coo dina ed Ac ion
The whi e pape o e s se e al solu ions and
ecommenda ions o add ess he clima e
c isis in Lasbela. Poli ical leade ship is u ged
o en o ce s ic laws agains illegal logging
and in es in clima e-sma ag icul u e and
i iga ion. Go e nmen depa men s a e
asked wi h launching ex ensi e e o es a ion
p og ams and de eloping obus lood
managemen and wa e conse a ion
in as uc u e. Ci il socie y and media should
un public awa eness campaigns on o es
conse a ion and p omo e communi y-led
en i onmen al p ojec s. Finally, businesses
and ci izens a e encou aged o suppo
enewable ene gy and pa icipa e in local
en i onmen al imp o emen ini ia i es.
Coo dina ed and immedia e ac ion om all
s akeholde s is deemed essen ial o es o e
ecological balance and secu e a esilien
u u e o Lasbela.
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Zhob Clima e Change: Impac s and Pa hways
Mujeeb Ullah (Ma ks ob ained: 51/Ou o : 150)
This e iew ocuses on he clima e change
issues a ec ing Zhob, a dis ic in Balochis an,
Pakis an.
C acked, d y ea h wi h minimal,
wi he ed ege a ion
Zhob is expe iencing signi ican clima e
change impac s due o i s semi-a id clima e
and geog aphical loca ion nea he
A ghanis an bo de . These impac s mani es
as ising empe a u es, leading o inc eased
equency o hea wa es and highe
e apo a ion a es, and changes in
p ecipi a ion, esul ing in unp edic able
ain all, d ough s, and lash loods. The egion
also aces mo e equen ex eme wea he
e en s like dus s o ms and cold wa es,
con ibu ing o en i onmen al deg ada ion.
These changes ha e di e consequences o
human heal h, wi h an inc ease in hea -
ela ed illnesses and poo ai quali y, and o
ecosys ems, leading o a educ ion in
ege a ion co e and declining li es ock
heal h.
No Clima e-Resilience
Se e al challenges hinde e ec i e esponses
o hese clima e change impac s in Zhob.
The e is a lack o clima e- esilien
in as uc u e and weak policy
implemen a ion o en i onmen al
p o ec ion. Financial cons ain s, limi ed
awa eness o clima e isks, and poli ical
ins abili y and go e nance issues u he
exace ba e he si ua ion. The dis ic also
g apples wi h undamen al issues such as
wa e sca ci y, poo oad connec i i y, and a
dependence on a limi ed and o en un eliable
elec ici y supply.
Adap a ion Measu es a Limi ed
Scale
Despi e hese challenges, some adap a ion
measu es a e being implemen ed, including
small-scale wa e conse a ion p ojec s,
e o es a ion ini ia i es, and adi ional
ainwa e ha es ing echniques. Howe e ,
The e is a lack o clima e- esilien in as uc u e and weak policy implemen a ion o en i onmen al
p o ec ion. Financial cons ain s, limi ed awa eness o clima e isks, and poli ical ins abili y and
go e nance issues u he exace ba e he si ua ion.
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signi ican adap a ion gaps emain. In e ms o
mi iga ion, he majo g eenhouse gas (GHG)
emission sou ces in Zhob include powe
plan s elying on ossil uels, inc easing
ehicle emissions due o oad anspo ,
me hane emissions om li es ock (a dominan
aspec o he local ag icul u e), and emissions
om open was e bu ning and poo was e
managemen . Indus ial emissions a e
minimal due o he lack o la ge-scale
indus ies.
Solu ions and Recommenda ions
The documen p oposes se e al solu ions and
ecommenda ions o add ess hese issues. Fo
wa e managemen , he cons uc ion o small
dams and p omo ion o e icien i iga ion a e
sugges ed. Re o es a ion h ough inc eased
a o es a ion p og ams is ano he key
ecommenda ion. The de elopmen o
enewable ene gy p ojec s, pa icula ly sola
and wind ene gy, is highligh ed as a c ucial
s ep. In he ag icul u al sec o , p omo ing
clima e- esis an c ops and imp o ing
li es ock managemen a e ecommended o
sus ainable ag icul u e. Add essing was e
managemen h ough p ope collec ion and
ecycling sys ems is also essen ial.
Collec ion Ac ion Requi ed
I also emphasizes he oles and
esponsibili ies o a ious s akeholde s in
ackling clima e change in Zhob. Poli ical
leade ship needs o implemen s ic
en i onmen al policies and alloca e necessa y
esou ces. Go e nmen depa men s should
de elop sus ainable u ban planning s a egies
and s eng hen disas e managemen
capabili ies. Ci il socie y o ganiza ions can
play a i al ole in p omo ing awa eness
campaigns and encou aging communi y
pa icipa ion. The media should highligh
en i onmen al issues and educa e he public.
Businesses a e encou aged o adop
sus ainable p oduc ion me hods and suppo
local g een ini ia i es. Finally, indi idual
ci izens a e u ged o conse e wa e and
ene gy, educe was e, and adop eco- iendly
habi s.
