SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Table S1. Alphabe ical lis o con aminan plan species epo ed by he CFIA in seed lo s
impo ed in o Canada om he USA be ween 2007 and 2019. ‘HR’ indica es whe he he
species has p e iously been epo ed as an he bicide- esis an weed in Canada o USA.
Repo ed Con aminan
Species
Synonym
Gene al
Weed
CFIA Noxious
Weed Class
O igin S a us
in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in USA
Agas ache oeniculum
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Ag opy on c is a um
Ag opy on
dese o um
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Ag os is canina
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Ag os is capilla is
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Ag os is scab a
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Ag os is s oloni e a
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Ai a ca yophyllea
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Alchemilla xan hochlo a
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Allium ineale
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Alopecu us aequalis
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Alopecu us a undinaceus
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Alopecu us genicula us
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Alopecu us p a ensis
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Ama an hus e o lexus
Y
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Amb osia a emisii olia
Y
3
Na i e
Y
Y
Amsinckia in e media
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
And opogon ge a di
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
An hemis a ensis
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
An hemis co ula
Y
3
In oduced
N
Y
An hoxan hum odo a um
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
An h iscus caucalis
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
An h iscus ce e olium
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Ape a spica- en i
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
A is olochia li o alis
A is olochia
elegans
Y
6
Absen
N
N
As agalus cice
N
6
In oduced
N
N
A ocion a me ia
Silene
a me ia
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
A ena a ua
Y
3
In oduced
Y
Y
A ena sa i a
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Axy is ama an hoides
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Bassia scopa ia
Kochia
scopa ia
Y
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Beckmannia syzigachne
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Bou eloua cu ipendula
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
B assica napus
N
6
in oduced
N
N
B assica apa
N
6
in oduced
Y
N
B omus ca ha icus
Y
6
Absen
N
N
Repo ed Con aminan
Species
Synonym
Gene al
Weed
CFIA Noxious
Weed Class
O igin S a us
in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in USA
B omus commu a us
Y
6
in oduced
N
N
B omus diand us
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
B omus ho deaceus
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
B omus ine mis
N
6
In oduced
N
N
B omus japonicus
Y
3
In oduced
N
Y
B omus ipa ius
N
6
In oduced
N
N
B omus secalinus
Y
3
In oduced
N
Y
B omus si chensis
B omus
ca ina us
N
6
Na i e
N
N
B omus s e ilis
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
B omus ec o um
N
3
In oduced
Y
Y
Camelina sa i a
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Campeios achys dahu ica
Elymus
dahu icus
N
6
Absen
N
N
Cannabis sa i a
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Capsella bu sa-pas o is
Y
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Cen au ea cyanus
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Ce as ium on anum
Y
4 o 5
In oduced
N
N
Chamaene ion angus i olium
Chame ion
angus i olium
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Chenopodium album
Y
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Cicho ium in ybus
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Ci sium a ense
Y
2
In oduced
N
N
Ci sium ulga e
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Conium macula um
Y
2
In oduced
N
N
Con ol ulus a ensis
Y
2
In oduced
N
N
Co eopsis g andi lo a
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Co eopsis inc o ia
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
C epis ec o um
Y
6
In oduced
Y
N
Cucumis melo
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Cuscu a campes is
Y
1
Na i e
N
N
Cyclachaena xan hii olia
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Cynosu us c is a us
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Cype us esculen us
Y
6
Na i e
N
Y
Dac ylis glome a a
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Dalea pu pu ea
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Daucus ca o a
N
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Deschampsia cespi osa
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Descu ainia sophia
Y
6
In oduced
N
Y
Dian hus ba ba us
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Digi alis pu pu ea
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
D acocephalum pa i lo um
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Echinacea pu pu ea
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Echinochloa c us-galli
Y
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Repo ed Con aminan
Species
Synonym
Gene al
Weed
CFIA Noxious
Weed Class
O igin S a us
in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in USA
Echinochloa umen acea
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Eleocha is acicula is
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Elymus canadensis
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Elymus elymoides
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Elymus lanceola us
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Elymus epens
Ely igia
epens
Y
2
In oduced
N
N
Elymus achycaulus
N
6
Na i e
N
N
E ag os is e
N
6
Absen
N
N
E iocoma hymenoides
Achna he um
hymenoides
N
6
Na i e
N
N
E odium cicu a ium
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
E ucas um gallicum
Y
3
In oduced
N
N
Eschscholzia cali o nica
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Eupho bia aleppica
Y
6
Absen
N
N
Eupho bia da idii
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Fagopy um a a icum
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Fallopia con ol ulus
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Fes uca idahoensis
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Fes uca ub a
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Gailla dia megapo amica
Y
6
Absen
N
N
Galium apa ine
Y
3
Na i e
N
N
Galium bo eale
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Galium pa isiense
Y
6
Absen
N
N
Galium spu ium
Y
3
In oduced
Y
N
Galium ico nu um
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Ge anium dissec um
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Ge anium macula um
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Ge anium molle
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Glycine max
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Gypsophila panicula a
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Gypsophila acca ia
Vacca ia
hispanica
Y
3
In oduced
Y
N
Helian hus annuus
N
6
In oduced
N
Y
Helic ochloa hooke i
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Helmin ho heca echioides
Pic is
echioides
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Holcus lana us
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Holcus mollis
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Ho deum juba um
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Ho deum ulga e
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Hype icum pe o a um
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Hypochae is adica a
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Indigo e a hi su a
Y
6
Absen
N
N
Repo ed Con aminan
Species
Synonym
Gene al
Weed
CFIA Noxious
Weed Class
O igin S a us
in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in USA
Jacobaea ulga is
Senecio
jacobaea
Y
2
In oduced
N
N
Kali agus
Salsola
agus
Y
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Kickxia ela ine
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Lac uca sa i a
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Lac uca se iola
Y
6
In oduced
N
Y
Lamium amplexicaule
Y
6
In oduced
N
Y
Lappula squa osa
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Lapsana communis
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Leon odon saxa ilis
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Lepidium campes e
Y
3
In oduced
N
N
Lepidium densi lo um
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Lepidium d aba
Y
2
In oduced
N
N
Linum g andi lo um
Y
6
Absen
N
N
Linum usi a issimum
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Lobula ia ma i ima
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Lolium a undinaceum
Fes uca
a undinacea
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Lolium mul i lo um
N
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Lolium pe enne
N
6
In oduced
N
Y
Lolium p a ense
Fes uca
p a ensis
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Loma ium dissec um
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Loma ium mac oca pum
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Lo us co nicula us
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Lo us uliginosus
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Lycopus ame icanus
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Lycopus i ginicus
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Lysimachia a ensis
Anagallis
a ensis
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Lysimachia cilia a
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Ly h um hyssopi olia
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Ly h um po ula
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Mal a neglec a
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Mal a pusilla
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Ma ica ia discoidea
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Medicago lupulina
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Medicago sa i a
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Melilo us albus
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Me cu ialis annua
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Mu a da a ensis
Sinapis
a ensis
Y
3
In oduced
Y
Y
Nassella i idula
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Oeno he a biennis
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
O iganum ulga e
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Repo ed Con aminan
Species
Synonym
Gene al
Weed
CFIA Noxious
Weed Class
O igin S a us
in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in USA
Panicum capilla e
Y
4 o 5
Na i e
Y
N
Panicum miliaceum
N
4 o 5
In oduced
N
N
Panicum i ga um
N
4 o 5
Na i e
N
N
Papa e hoeas
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Pascopy um smi hii
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Paspalum conjuga um
Y
6
Absen
N
N
Pas inaca sa i a
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Pe sica ia lapa hi olia
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Pe sica ia maculosa
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Pe oselinum c ispum
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Phala is a undinacea
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Phala is cana iensis
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Phaseolus ulga is
N
6
Absen
N
N
Phleum p a ense
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Phy olacca ame icana
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Pisum sa i um
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Plagiobo h ys scoule i
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Plan ago lanceola a
Y
3
In oduced
N
Y
Plan ago majo
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Plan ago ugelii
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Plan ago i ginica
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Poa annua
N
6
In oduced
N
Y
Poa bulbosa
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Poa comp essa
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Poa palus is
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Poa p a ensis
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Poa secunda
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Poa i ialis
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Polanisia dodecand a
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Polygonum a icula e
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Polygonum plebeium
Y
6
Absen
N
N
P unus i giniana
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Psa hy os achys juncea
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Pseudo oegne ia spica a
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Puccinellia dis ans
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Raphanus aphanis um
Y
2
In oduced
N
N
Raphanus sa i us
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Ra ibida columni e a
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Ro ippa cu isiliqua
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Rudbeckia hi a
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Rumex ace osella
Y
6
In oduced
Y
N
Rumex ma i imus
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Repo ed Con aminan
Species
Synonym
Gene al
Weed
CFIA Noxious
Weed Class
O igin S a us
in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in USA
Sal ia e lexa
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Schizachy ium scopa ium
N
6
Na i e
N
N
Secale ce eale
N
6
In oduced
N
Y
Secu ige a a ia
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Senecio ulga is
Y
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Se a ia abe i
Y
2
In oduced
Y
Y
Se a ia i alica
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Se a ia pumila
Y
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Se a ia i idis
Y
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Sida spinosa
Y
6
In oduced
N
Y
Silene conoidea
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Silene dioica
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Silene gallica
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Silene la i olia
Y
3
In oduced
N
N
Silene noc i lo a
Y
3
In oduced
N
N
Sinapis alba
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Sisymb ium al issimum
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Solanum lycope sicum
Lycope sicon
esculen um
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Solanum nig um
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Solanum os a um
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Solanum i lo um
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
Sonchus aspe
Y
6
In oduced
Y
Y
Sonchus ole aceus
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
So ghas um nu ans
N
6
Na i e
N
N
So ghum bicolo
N
6
In oduced
N
Y
So ghum halepense
Y
2
In oduced
N
Y
So ghum × d ummondii
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Spe gula a ensis
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
S ella ia media
Y
4 o 5
In oduced
Y
Y
Ta axacum o icinale
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Thinopy um in e medium
Ely igia
in e media
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Thinopy um ob usi lo um
Ely igia
elonga a
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Thlaspi a ense
Y
3
In oduced
Y
N
To ilis nodosa
Y
6
Absen
N
N
T agopogon dubius
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium a ense
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium au eum
N
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium campes e
N
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium dubium
N
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium agi e um
N
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium hi um
Y
6
Absen
N
N
Repo ed Con aminan
Species
Synonym
Gene al
Weed
CFIA Noxious
Weed Class
O igin S a us
in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in Canada
His o ically epo ed
as HR weed in USA
T i olium hyb idum
N
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium inca na um
N
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium p a ense
N
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium e lexum
Y
6
Absen
N
N
T i olium epens
N
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium esupina um
N
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium sub e aneum
N
6
In oduced
N
N
T i olium esiculosum
Y
6
Absen
N
N
T ipleu ospe mum
ma i imum
Y
6
Na i e
N
N
T i icum aes i um
N
6
In oduced
N
N
U ochloa amosa
Y
6
Absen
N
N
Ven ena a dubia
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Ve onica ag es is
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Vicia c acca
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Vicia sa i a
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Vicia e aspe ma
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Vicia illosa
N
6
In oduced
N
N
Vigna angula is
N
6
Absen
N
N
Vigna adia a
N
6
Absen
N
N
Viola icolo
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Vulpia b omoides
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Vulpia myu os
Y
6
In oduced
N
N
Zea mays
N
6
In oduced
N
N
