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GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION OF IRRIGATED
MEADOW SAZ SOILS DISTRIBUTED IN THE TERRITORIES
OF DANGARA AND FURKAT DISTRICTS
D. Kholda o 1, D. Ka imo a2
DSc in Biological sciences, associa e p o esso , Fe gana S a e Uni e si y1
Basic Doc o al S uden , Kokand S a e Uni e si y2
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17312355
Abs ac . This a icle examines he g anulome ic composi ion o i iga ed meadow-ma sh
soils wi h a ying deg ees o salini y in he e i o ies o Danga a and Fu ka dis ic s. Among he
ag ophysical p ope ies o soils, he g anulome ic composi ion is a key indica o ha de e mines
he wa e -physical, ai and he mal egimes, as well as he dis ibu ion o humus and nu ien
elemen s. The esea ch was conduc ed ollowing he me hodology o he o me Uzbek Co on-
G owing Resea ch Ins i u e. Chemical analyses we e ca ied ou acco ding o he p ocedu e o
E.V. A inushkina, and he esul s we e p ocessed by he dispe sion me hod using B.A. Dospekho ’s
manual and Mic oso Excel. The ob ained da a show ha , as he deg ee o salini y inc eases, he
ac ion o physical clay in he soil p o ile changes and he p opo ion o physical sand in he
lowe laye s ises. The inc easing hea iness o he g anulome ic composi ion in he uppe laye s
di ec ly a ec s he mo emen o wa e -soluble sal s and he amoun o humus in he soil. These
indings a e o signi ican heo e ical and p ac ical impo ance o imp o ing he e ili y o saline
lands and o planning e ec i e land- eclama ion measu es.
Keywo ds: meadow saz, g anulome ic composi ion, pa en ock, elemen , chemical
composi ion, saliniza ion, sand, clay, laye , accumula ion.
INTRODUCTION
The Dec ee o he P esiden o he Republic o Uzbekis an No. PF-4947 o 7 Feb ua y 2017
«On he S a egy o Ac ions o he Fu he De elopmen o he Republic o Uzbekis an» [1], and
he Law o he Republic o Uzbekis an No. 903 o 2 Feb ua y 2024 “On P o ec ing Soil and
Inc easing i s Fe ili y” [2] we e adop ed. In his ega d, an impo an ask be o e us is o en ich
soils wi h humus and wi h he amoun s o chemical nu ien elemen s.
One o he mos impo an ag ophysical p ope ies o soil is i s g anulome ic composi ion. The
g anulome ic composi ion o soil in luences i s wa e -physical, ai , he mal, chemical,
ag ochemical and mic obiological p ope ies and de e mines he s anda ds o ca ying ou
ag o echnological measu es. One o he mos impo an ag ophysical p ope ies o soil is i s
g anulome ic composi ion. The g anulome ic composi ion o soil a ec s i s wa e -physical, ai ,
he mal, chemical, ag ochemical, and mic obiological p ope ies and de e mines he s anda ds o
ca ying ou ag o echnological measu es.
The g anulome ic composi ion o soil plays a decisi e ole in he mani es a ion o a
numbe o i s p ope ies. De e mining he g anulome ic composi ion by soil ho izons is impo an
o s udying he o igin o soils, because i depends no only on he composi ion o he pa en
ma e ial bu also on he p ocesses o soil o ma ion occu ing wi hin he soil i sel . In pa icula ,
such cha ac e is ics as soil po osi y, capilla y ise o mois u e, he amoun o nu ien elemen s,
mois u e capaci y, and wa e pe meabili y di ec ly depend on he g anulome ic composi ion o
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he soil. The e is also a ce ain deg ee o co ela ion be ween he g anulome ic composi ion and
he con en o mobile nu ien elemen s.
LITERATURE REVIEW
In ou coun y and ab oad, a numbe o scien i ic s udies ha e been ca ied ou o
in es iga e he mechanical and gene al physical p ope ies o soils, among which we can men ion
he esea ch conduc ed by [3; 4; 5], [6], [7], [8; 9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14] and o he s. The e is
a ce ain ela ionship be ween he mine alogical, mechanical, and chemical composi ion o so
ocks. The e ec o g anulome ic composi ion on soil empe a u e is associa ed wi h he he mal
p ope ies o ligh and hea y soils. In sp ing, when mois u e con en is high, clay soils—whe e
hea is consumed o e apo a ion—wa m up mo e slowly han ligh soils. Because soil laye s di e
in hei g anulome ic composi ion, hei wa e pe meabili y is no he same.
R. Qu an ae no ed ha he mechanical and mic oagg ega e composi ion o soil is a key
indica o o i s mo phological, eclama ion, hyd o-physical and physico-mechanical p ope ies, as
well as o soil boni a ion, and ha i e lec s speci ic ea u es cha ac e is ic o all gene ic ho izons
o a ious soil ypes and sub ypes [4]. The ai egime o soils is also di ec ly dependen on hei
g anulome ic composi ion. The dense he soil, he less ai i con ains. Fo example, sandy soil
con ains mo e ai because i is loose han clay soil.
In classi ying he mechanical elemen s o soil, he classi ica ions o N.A. Kachinskiy and
he Uzbek Resea ch Ins i u e o Soil Science and Ag ochemis y (OʻzPITI) a e widely used.
Knowing he size o he pa icles ha make up he soil and hei p opo ions has g ea heo e ical
and p ac ical signi icance. G.T. Pa pie , R.K. Kuzie , and R. Qu an ae no ed ha he g ay oasis
soils possess a ious ypes o g anulome ic composi ion and ha , acco ding o he s uc u e o he
li hological p o ile, hei cha ac e is ics a e mainly homogeneous, while in some cases hey consis
o di e en mul ilaye ed g anulome ic composi ions [8].
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Du ing he esea ch, he ield s udies we e conduc ed based on he “Me hodology o
conduc ing ield expe imen s” o he o me Uzbek Co on G owing Resea ch Ins i u e, and
analyzes we e conduc ed based on “Guidelines o he chemical analysis o soils” by E.V.
A inushkina. The ma hema ical-s a is ical analyses o he esul s ob ained we e calcula ed by he
dispe sion me hod using he manual "Me hods o ield expe ience" by B.A. Dospekho and
Mic oso Excel.
ANALYSIS АND RESULTS
The i iga ed meadow zas soils wi h a ying deg ees o salini y ound in he e i o ies o
Danga a and Fu ka dis ic s consis , in e ms o g anulome ic composi ion, o sandy loam as well
as ligh and medium loam. These i iga ed meadow saz soils a e mainly dis ibu ed in he middle
pa s o he Sox Ri e allu ial an and a e composed o sandy loam and ligh loam. In o he sec ions
o hese soils, he uppe laye s a e o medium loam, while downwa d hey a e o med o hea y
loam and clay laye s, and below 140–170 cm an allu ial sandy laye is obse ed.
In he non-saline i iga ed meadow saz soils, he amoun o physical clay in he plough
laye and he sub-plough laye is 27.9–43.1% (Figu e 1), consis ing o ligh and medium loam.
Towa d he lowe laye s, he amoun o physical clay dec eases while he amoun o physical sand
inc eases, making up 26.8% ligh loam a he 70–100 cm laye , 23.2% ligh loam a he 100–135
cm laye , and 18.5% sandy loam a he 135–180 cm laye (Figu e 1).
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Figu e 1. Non-saline meadow saz soils o he “Adola Yogdusi Nu i” a m, Danga a dis ic
In he sligh ly saline i iga ed meadow saz soils, he amoun o physical clay in he plough
laye and sub-plough laye is 28.7–25.6% (Figu e 2), consis ing o ligh loam. Towa d he lowe
laye s, he amoun o physical sand dec eases while he amoun o physical clay inc eases: in he
65–95 cm laye i eaches 41.5% medium loam, in he 95–135 cm laye 39.6% medium loam, and
in he 140–175 cm laye 17.6% sandy loam (Figu e 2).
Figu e 2. Sligh ly saline meadow saz soils o he “Hay a ul O ol” a m, Danga a dis ic
The g anulome ic composi ion o mode a ely saline i iga ed meadow saz soils includes
laye s o ligh loam, medium loam, and sandy loam. In he plough laye and sub-plough laye o
hese soils, he amoun o physical clay is 27.9–26.2% wi h a ligh loam ex u e (Figu e 3). In he
65–90 cm laye i is 22.4% ligh loam, in he 90–145 cm laye 39.6% medium loam, and in he
145–180 cm laye 14.3% sandy loam (Figu e 3).
The g anulome ic composi ion o s ongly saline i iga ed meadow saz soils is di e se,
anging om sandy loam o sand; wi hin he soil p o ile, laye s o ligh and medium loam a e also
p esen . In he plough and sub-plough laye s o hese s ongly saline soils, he amoun o physical
clay is 16.9–27.0%, co esponding o sandy loam and ligh loam (Figu e 4). In he 60–90 cm laye
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
>0,25 0,25-0,1 0,1-0,05 0,05-0,01 0,01-0,005 0,005-0,001 <0,001 <0,01
Pa icle siz e, mm; con en , % Clay con e n
0-38 сm 38-70 сm 70-100 сm 100-135 сm 135-180 сm
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
>0,25 0,25-0,1 0,1-0,05 0,05-0,01 0,01-0,005 0,005-0,001 <0,001 <0,01
Pa icle size, mm; con en , % Clay
con en
0-35 сm 35-65 сm 65-95 sm 95-135 сm 140-175 сm
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i is 26.3% ligh loam, in he 90–140 cm laye 40.1% medium loam, and in he 140–170 cm laye
6.7% sand (Figu e 4).
Figu e 3. Mode a ely saline meadow saz soils o he “Jamshidbek” a m, Fu ka dis ic
Figu e 4. S ongly saline meadow saz soils o he “Baho oy-Shoxinabonu kelajagi” a m,
Fu ka dis ic
These pa icles de e mine he s uc u e o he soil as well as i s physical and chemical
p ope ies. The g anulome ic composi ion o hese soils di e s sligh ly om ha o he pa en
ma e ial ha o med hem. The eason o his is he p e ailing wind e osion in he a ea: due o he
equen mo emen o sand dunes, he g anulome ic composi ion o he uppe soil laye s’ changes
o e ime. The di e ence in he meadow saz soils is exp essed by he highe con en o physical
clay in he pa en ma e ial. In i iga ed soils, he washing o he sil ac ion down o he lowe
laye s esul s in he o ma ion o lessi age. In ac , he g anulome ic composi ion o soils is
no mally simila o ha o he pa en ma e ial. Howe e , in i iga ed a eas exposed o s ong wind
e osion his egula i y is dis u bed. O e many yea s, he u bidi y o i iga ion wa e en iches and
makes he soil’s g anulome ic composi ion hea ie h ough he addi ion o sil and colloidal
pa icles. A he same ime, he o ma ion o he ag o-i iga ion laye educes he con as be ween
he laye s’ g anulome ic composi ion and makes hem hea ie . As he du a ion o i iga ion
inc eases, he g anulome ic composi ion o he soil becomes p og essi ely hea ie [15, 16, 17].
CONCLUSION
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
>0,25 0,25-0,1 0,1-0,05 0,05-0,01 0,01-0,005 0,005-
0,001 <0,001 <0,01
Pa icle size, mm; con en , % Clay
con en
0-35 сm35-65 сm65-90 сm90-145 сm145-180 сm
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
>0,25 0,25-0,1 0,1-0,05 0,05-0,01 0,01-0,005 0,005-0,001 <0,001 <0,01
Pa icle size, mm; con en , % Clay
con en
0-32 cm 32-60 cm 60-90 cm 90-140 cm 140-170 cm
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F om he p esen ed da a, i can be no ed ha as he pe iod o cul i a ion o meadow saz
soils wi h di e en deg ees o salini y inc eases, he g anulome ic composi ion o hei uppe
laye s becomes hea ie . This, in u n, is also e lec ed in he con en o humus and nu ien
elemen s in he soil. The concen a ion o he soil solu ion, he soil’s abili y o e ain wa e -soluble
sal s, and hei mo emen also occu depending on he g anulome ic composi ion.
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