92
In e na ional Jou nal o Ad ance and Applied Resea ch
www.ijaa .co.in
ISSN – 2347-7075
Impac Fac o – 8.141
Pee Re iewed
Bi-Mon hly
Vol. 6 No. 38
Sep embe - Oc obe - 2025
AI in Heal hca e - Li es yle Fac o s and Associa ed Heal h Risks among
Women in India
Shubhangi Pankaj Pa il
Ass . P o , Depa men o S a is ics
D . D. Y. Pa il Science and Compu e Science college, Aku di, Pune-44
Co esponding Au ho –Shubhangi Pankaj Pa il
DOI - 10.5281/zenodo.17312786
Keywo ds: A i icial In elligence, S a is ical Models, Heal h Analy ics, Risk P edic ion, Digi al
Heal h, Public Heal h Policy
In oduc ion:
Women’s heal h signi ican ly impac s
bo h public heal h ou comes and socio-
economic de elopmen . In India, women
expe ience a dual bu den o malnu i ion:
pe sis en unde nu i ion in u al a eas and
g owing obesi y a es in u ban egions. Socio-
cul u al ac o s such as ea ly ma iage and
limi ed educa ional a ainmen u he
con ibu e o ad e se heal h ou comes. Wi h
apid u baniza ion and e ol ing digi al access,
unde s anding hese ac o s has become
essen ial. This s udy in es iga es li es yle
de e minan s (educa ion, in e ne use, ea ly
ma iage, e ili y, BMI) and hei links o
obesi y, high blood suga , and ele a ed blood
p essu e in women aged 15–49 yea s.
Li e a u e Re iew:
1. Sex di e ences in Type 2 Diabe es —
implica ions o women
Summa y: Re iews biological and
psychosocial di e ences in ype 2
diabe es (T2DM) be ween sexes: women
a e o en diagnosed a olde ages and
highe BMI, ha e g ea e ela i e CVD
isk om diabe es (especially young
women), highe a es o
dep ession/diabe es dis ess, and dis inc
pa e ns o a dis ibu ion and
mic o/mac o ascula isk. Implica ion:
ea lie sc eening in high- isk women,
a en ion o men al-heal h and CVD isk
ac o clus e ing, and sex-awa e
p e en ion/managemen . PMCBioMed
Cen al
This s udy examines he links be ween li es yle ac o s and heal h isks among Indian women
aged 15–49 yea s, using da a om he Na ional Family Heal h Su ey (NFHS). Key indica o s
analyzed include educa ion le el, in e ne access, age a ma iage, e ili y a e, and body mass index
(BMI), wi h hei associa ions o obesi y, ele a ed blood suga , and high blood p essu e. Desc ip i e
analysis highligh s no able dispa i ies be ween u al and u ban popula ions, while eg ession models
iden i y ea ly ma iage, obesi y, and li e acy as p ima y p edic o s o me abolic heal h
conce ns. Findings emphasize he impo ance o delaying ea ly ma iage, p omo ing emale
educa ion, enhancing nu i ional balance, and le e aging digi al heal h ools o educe
non-communicable disease p e alence
Abs ac :
.
IJAAR Vol. 6 No. 38 ISSN – 2347-7075
Shubhangi Pankaj Pa il
93
2. ―Diabe es and women’s heal h‖ —
b oad e iew o diabe es e ec s in
women
Summa y: Focuses on how diabe es
uniquely a ec s women ac oss li espan
— ep oduc i e heal h (PCOS
associa ions), p egnancy (GDM isk),
menopause e ec s, obesi y/me abolic
synd ome p e alence, and highe ela i e
ca dio ascula mo ali y in women wi h
diabe es. Ca e implica ion: in eg a e
ep oduc i e his o y (GDM, PCOS,
p egnancy complica ions) in o long- e m
diabe es isk s a i ica ion and
managemen o women. PMCOx o d
Academic
3. Comp ehensi e e iew o Ges a ional
Diabe es Melli us (GDM)
Summa y: Re iews epidemiology,
pa hophysiology, sc eening, sho - and
long- e m ma e nal/o sp ing isks, and
p e en i e/ he apeu ic s a egies o
GDM. Key poin : GDM inc eases la e
ma e nal isk o T2DM and CVD —
pos pa um sc eening and li es yle
in e en ions a e c i ical. Implica ion:
s uc u ed pos pa um ollow-up and ea ly
p e en ion p og ams o mo he s wi h
GDM. PMC
4. Sex di e ences in Hype ension and i s
managemen ( ecen AHA /
Hype ension e iew)
Summa y: Examines how blood-p essu e
pa e ns, isks, and ea men esponses
a y by sex and li e s age (e.g.,
p egnancy, menopause). Findings include
di e ing age pa e ns (men highe BP a
younge ages; women’s hype ension
bu den ising a e menopause), and ha
some BP h esholds/ isk implica ions may
be sex-speci ic. Implica ion: conside sex
and ep oduc i e his o y (p eeclampsia,
p egnancy HTN) when assessing li e ime
CVD isk; ailo li es yle and
pha macologic s a egies acco dingly.
AHA Jou nalsPMC
5. WHO guideline + sys ema ic e idence
on BP ea men & communi y
in e en ions ele an o women
Summa y: The WHO pha macological-
ea men guideline (2021) plus
sys ema ic e iews o BP managemen
in e en ions show bes p ac ices o
ini ia ing/combining d ugs, h esholds,
and p og am deli e y (including
communi y/ amily-based in e en ions).
Fo women, he guideline emphasizes
in eg a ing CVD isk assessmen
(including p egnancy his o y) and ask-
sha ing app oaches which can imp o e
access. Implica ion: apply guideline
h esholds while accoun ing o emale-
speci ic isk enhance s (p eeclampsia,
GDM his o y) and use communi y-based
ollow-up o imp o e con ol. PMC+1
Da a and Me hodology:
1. Da a Sou ce: Na ional Family Heal h
Su ey (NFHS-5), a na ionally ep esen a i e
da ase cap u ing demog aphic, heal h, and
nu i ion indica o s.
2. Sample: Women aged 15–49 yea s ac oss
all Indian s a es and union e i o ies,
ca ego ized by u al and u ban esidence.
3. Va iables Conside ed: Li es yle Fac o s:
Educa ion le el, in e ne access, age a
ma iage, e ili y a e. Heal h Risk Indica o s:
Body Mass Index (BMI), blood suga le els,
blood p essu e, wais - o-hip a io, obesi y, and
unde nu i ion.
IJAAR Vol. 6 No. 38 ISSN – 2347-7075
Shubhangi Pankaj Pa il
94
4. S a is ical Cha s:
1) Co ela ion:
This hea map e eals he s eng h
and di ec ion o ela ionships be ween
a iables like:
● Educa ion le el
● In e ne usage
● BMI
● Fe ili y a e
● Age a ma iage and heal h ou comes
such as obesi y, unde nu i ion, blood
p essu e, and blood suga .
Fo s ong posi i e o nega i e
co ela ions o spo impac ul li es yle ac o s.
2) P e alence o Heal h Condi ions Among U ban and Ru al Women
This cha compa es he p e alence o
obesi y, unde nu i ion, diabe es, and
hype ension be ween u ban and u al
women. I highligh s how u ban a eas end o
ha e highe a es o obesi y and diabe es,
while u al a eas show mo e unde nu i ion.
O e all Obse a ions:
● The e's a dual bu den o
malnu i ion: obesi y in u ban a eas
and unde nu i ion in u al ones.
● Educa ion eme ges as a s ong social
de e minan —no jus o knowledge,
bu o li e choices and iming.
● These dispa i ies highligh he need
o a ge ed policies:
○ U ban wellness p og ams o
comba obesi y
○ Ru al nu i ion and ood
access ini ia i es
○ Educa ion campaigns ha
empowe indi iduals socially
and economically
IJAAR Vol. 6 No. 38 ISSN – 2347-7075
Shubhangi Pankaj Pa il
95
5. Analy ical Me hods
Desc ip i e s a is ics o p e alence
a es
Co ela ion analysis o assess
associa ions
Mul iple linea eg ession o model
heal h ou comes
Ru al–u ban compa a i e analysis
Desc ip i e Summa y:
A e age households su eyed: 22,944
( ange: 21–636,699)
A e age women in e iewed: 26,094
( ange: 26–724,115)
Mean li e acy a e (women 15–49):
79.86%
Mean women wi h 10+ yea s o
schooling: 47.6%
Mean in e ne usage: 43.1%
Ru al s. U ban Heal h Me ics:
Blood suga : U ban 12–16%, Ru al 6–
8%
Blood p essu e: U ban 20–24%, Ru al
12–16%
Unde weigh BMI (<18.5): Ru al
~20%, U ban ~13%
O e weigh /Obese BMI (≥25): U ban
30–35%, Ru al 18–20%
Wais - o-hip a io ≥0.85: U ban 55–
60%, Ru al 45–50%
Findings:
1. Blood Suga Le els:
U ban women display nea ly wice he
p e alence o high (141–160 mg/dl) and e y
high (>160 mg/dl) blood suga compa ed o
u al women (12–16% s. 6–8%), d i en by
seden a y li es yles, p ocessed ood
consump ion, and highe s ess le els.
2. Blood P essu e:
Hype ension p e alence is highe in
u ban se ings (20–24%) compa ed o u al
egions (12–16%). Mode a e/se e e cases (5–
6%) a e also mo e common in u ban a eas.
3. Body Mass Index (BMI):
Unde weigh : Ru al ~20%, U ban
~13%
O e weigh /Obese: U ban 30–35%,
Ru al 18–20%
This indica es unde nu i ion
dominance in u al popula ions and obesi y-
ela ed isks in u ban popula ions.
4. Wais - o-Hip Ra io:
U ban p e alence (55–60%) sugges s
highe cen al obesi y isk compa ed o u al
a eas (45–50%).
S a is ical Analysis:
1. Co ela ion Resul s:
Highe wais - o-hip a ios co ela e
wi h ele a ed blood p essu e and
blood suga .
In e ne usage shows a posi i e
associa ion wi h p e en i e heal h ca e
adop ion.
2. Reg ession Models:
Model A – High/Ve y High Blood Suga
(%):
Blood Suga (%) = − 21.88 + 0.26 (Li e a e %)
+ 0.17 (School_10+ %) − 0.07 (In e ne %) +
0.28 (Ma ied<18 %) − 0.44 (TFR) − 0.03
(WHR HighRisk %) + 0.12 (BMI Unde %) +
0.23 (BMI O e /Obese %)
R² = 0.774, RMSE = 2.06
Key D i e s: Li e acy, ea ly ma iage, and
obesi y inc ease blood suga isk, while highe
e ili y a es seem p o ec i e.
Model B – Ele a ed Blood P essu e (%):
Blood P essu e (%) = − 3.29 + 0.11 (Li e a e
%) + 0.21 (School_10+ %) − 0.08 (In e ne %)
+ 0.41 (Ma ied<18 %) − 0.99 (TFR) − 0.06
(WHR HighRisk %) − 0.27 (BMI Unde %) +
0.20 (BMI O e /Obese %)
R² = 0.544, RMSE = 3.50
Key D i e s: Ea ly ma iage, obesi y, and
IJAAR Vol. 6 No. 38 ISSN – 2347-7075
Shubhangi Pankaj Pa il
96
li e acy le els con ibu e o ele a ed blood
p essu e, whe eas highe e ili y and low BMI
appea p o ec i e.
Policy Implica ions:
Implemen a ge ed u al nu i ion
ini ia i es.
P omo e digi al heal h li e acy h ough
accessible online pla o ms.
Encou age educa ion-based
in e en ions o delay ma iage and
imp o e heal h ou comes.
Launch u ban wellness p og ams
add essing obesi y and seden a y
li es yles.
Conclusion:
This esea ch demons a es he
mul i ace ed in e play be ween li es yle
de e minan s and heal h isks among Indian
women. U baniza ion and imp o ed educa ion
p o ide some p o ec i e e ec s bu also
in oduce new me abolic heal h challenges. A
da a-d i en, egion-speci ic app oach ha
in eg a es educa ion, digi al access, and
nu i ion policies can signi ican ly imp o e
women’s heal h ou comes.
Re e ences:
1. In e na ional Ins i u e o Popula ion
Sciences (IIPS). Na ional Family Heal h
Su ey (NFHS-5), India.
2. Machknown e al., Sex di e ences in
ype 2 diabe es: an oppo uni y o
pe sonalized ca e. (2023). BioMed
Cen al
3. Recen na a i e/sys ema ic e iews
compiled a PMC on diabe es and
women’s heal h (2024–2025).
PMCOx o d Academic
4. Nakshine VS e al., A Comp ehensi e
Re iew o Ges a ional Diabe es Melli us
(2023). PMC
5. Yeo WJ e al., Sex Di e ences in
Hype ension and I s Managemen
(Hype ension jou nal e iew, 2024).
AHA Jou nals
6. WHO Guideline (2021) on
pha macological ea men o
hype ension; Chan KY e al.,
sys ema ic e iew on amily-based BP
in e en ions (2023).
