e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN:2961-6042
A ailable online on h p://www.ijcp .com/
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch 2025; 17(9); 01-09
Chowdhu y e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
1
O iginal Resea ch A icle
Compa ison o P e and Pos Ope a i e Nasal An h opome ic
Measu emen s and Subjec i e Assessmen s in Adul Pa ien s Unde going
P ima y Rhinoplas y
Abi Chowdhu y1, Kapil Soni2
1Senio Residen , MBBS, MS (Mas e o Su ge y), Depa men o O o hinola yngology, Mu shidabad
Medical College and Hospi al, Wes Bengal 742101
2Addi ional P o esso , MBBS, MS, DNB, Depa men o O o hinola yngology, All India Ins i u e O
Medical Sciences, Jodhpu , Rajas han 342005
Recei ed: 01-06-2025 / Re ised: 16-07-2025 / Accep ed: 10-08-2025
Co esponding Au ho : D . Abi Chowdhu y
Con lic o in e es : Nil
Abs ac
In oduc ion: The nose akes an impo an pa in es ablishing a beau i ul appea ance. Nose is also a p ominan
ea u e o he ace. An h opome y o acial symme y and p opo ions is ega ded as a ac o o beau y in a
pa icula popula ion.
Aims & Objec i es: To compa e p eope a i e and pos ope a i e an h opome ic measu emen s based on an
adul pa ien li e-size pho og aph and subjec i e sa is ac ion using Rhinoplas y Ou come E alua ion sco e
(ROE) p eope a i ely and pos ope a i ely in adul pa ien s unde going P ima y Rhinoplas y in no h Indian
popula ion.
Ma e ials: The s udy was comp ised o pa ien s aged 18 yea s o abo e wi h cosme ic and/o unc ional
diso de s equi ing p ima y hinoplas y and he sample size was 20 pa ien s.
Resul : Acco ding o he Rhinoplas y ou come e alua ion sco e, 17 pa ien s had excellen sa is ac ion, 2
pa ien s had good sa is ac ion and 1 pa ien had accep able sa is ac ion.
Conclusion: Pa ien s belonging o lowe socioeconomic backg ound had less su gical expec a ions and we e
highly sa is ied wi h he ou comes. Acco ding o ou esea ch, emales had highe sa is ac ion han male a e
p ima y hinoplas y.
Keywo ds: Rhinoplas y, Nasal an h opome y, P eope a i e Assessmen , Pos ope a i e Ou come, Pa ien
Sa is ac ion and Aes he ic su ge y.
This is an Open Access a icle ha uses a unding model which does no cha ge eade s o hei ins i u ions o access and dis ibu ed unde
he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0) and he Budapes Open Access
Ini ia i e (h p://www.budapes openaccessini ia i e.o g/ ead), which pe mi un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium,
p o ided o iginal wo k is p ope ly c edi ed.
In oduc ion
An h opome y has e ol ed as a esul o a g owing
in e es in de e mining human ana omy a iances
[1]. The nose is he mos p ominen ea u e o he
ace, and i plays an impo an pa in es ablishing a
beau i ul appea ance. An h opome y o acial
symme y and p opo ions is ega ded as a ac o o
beau y in a pa icula popula ion [2]. In hinoplas y,
pa ien selec ion is c i ical since, despi e an
excellen su gical esul , a la ge pe cen age o
pa ien s may no be pleased [3]. Knowledge and
analysis o an h opome ic measu es o he nose
allow o quan i a i e analysis o he esul s, which
is c ucial o he su geon and se ices ela ed o
hinoplas y su ge y. This s udy aims a he
compa ison o p e and pos - ope a i e nasal
an h opome ic measu emen s and subjec i e
assessmen in pa ien s unde going p ima y
hinoplas y.
Ma e ials and Me hods
S udy Design: P ospec i e coho s udy.
S udy Popula ion: The s udy was comp ised o
pa ien s aged 18 yea s o abo e wi h cosme ic
and/o unc ional diso de s equi ing p ima y
hinoplas y en olled om he ou pa ien depa men
o O o hinola yngology, All India Ins i u e o
Medical Sciences, Jodhpu . All pa ien s we e
ope a ed on by a single su geon.
Inclusion C i e ia
• Pa ien s p esen ed in he Depa men o
O o hinola yngology a All India Ins i u e o
Medical Sciences, Jodhpu o p ima y
hinoplas y.
• Pa ien s aged 18 yea s o abo e.
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN: 2961-6042
Chowdhu y e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
2
Exclusion C i e ia
• P e ious su gical in e en ions on he nose and
ace.
• Nasal de o mi ies due o sys emic diseases and
congeni al de o mi ies.
An h opome ic analysis
Naso- on al angle: Wi h he eyes in o wa ding
gaze, he deepes egion o he Naso- on al angle
should be be ween he op eyelash line and he
sup a a sal old.
Because he e a e no es ablished s anda ds o
e alua ing he p ope angle dep h, he su geon mus
ely on his o he aes he ic judgmen o de e mine i
he angle is oo shallow o oo deep [4].(Fig 1)
Naso- acial angle: I could play a ole in how
appealing a pe son's acial p o ile is pe cei ed
(Pea son and Adamson, 2004). The con luence o
he ace plane (glabella o pogonion) and he do sal
plane o he nose (nasion o p onasale) o ms he
inne angle (Naini, 2011) (Fig 2).
Naso-labial angle: Naso-labial angle (NLA), as
desc ibed by Guyu on, is measu ed by d opping a
pe pendicula line om he F ank u Ho izon al
line h ough he sub-nasale [5]. (Fig 3).
Nasal ip angle: Tip angle (TA) as desc ibed by
By d and Hoba by d opping a pe pendicula line
om he F ank u Ho izon al line h ough he ala
c ease junc ion [6]. (Fig 4)
Columella lobule angle: The con luence o he
columella and he in a- ip lobule o ms he
columella -lobula angle. I is app oxima ely 30 o
45 deg ees o emales [7]. (Fig 5).
Lobule o nos il a io: When examining he
opposi e anomaly, la ge nos il/small lobule
disp opo ion, Daniel disco e ed he op imal
nos il/ ip a io o be 55:45 on he la e al iew [8].
(Fig 6).
Figu e 1:
Figu e 2:
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN: 2961-6042
Chowdhu y e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
3
Figu e 3:
Figu e 4:
Figu e 5:
Figu e 6:
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN: 2961-6042
Chowdhu y e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
4
Rhinoplas y ou come e alua ion (ROE) sco e:
The Rhinoplas y Ou comes E alua ion (ROE)
ques ionnai e p o ided o he analysis o
quali a i e ac o s such as social, emo ional, and
psychological aspec s. SenaEs e es e al. e i ied
he ROE ques ionnai e wi h Po uguese
esponden s in 2013 [9].
The ROE ques ionnai e, which consis s o six
ques ions and has been alida ed in Po uguese,
was used ( i e abou nose shape and one abou
nasal b ea hing). Each ques ion was g aded on a
scale o 0 o 4, wi h 0 ep esen ing he mos
nega i e and 4 ep esen ing he mos a ou able.
The sum o he sco es was di ided by 24 and
mul iplied by 100 o gene a e a alue ha anged
om 0 o 100. A lowe sco e sugges s ha you a e
mo e dissa is ied. A di e ence be ween pos -
ope a i e and p e-ope a i e e alua ions ha a e
posi i e implies ha he pa ien has imp o ed a e
ea men .
Rhinoplas y Ou comes E alua ion (ROE): This
ques ionnai e is designed o assis you su geon in
de e mining he bes pa ien ou comes ollowing
hinoplas y su ge y. You commen s a e
con iden ial and may be used o e ine su gical
p ocedu es o u u e pa ien s. Please ci cle he
numbe ha bes cha ac e izes you cu en opinion
ega ding he ollowing ques ions:
1. How well do you like he appea ance o you nose?
No a all (0) Somewha (1) Mode a ely (2) Ve y much (3) Comple ely (4)
2. How well a e you able o b ea he h ough you nose?
No a all (0) Somewha (1) Mode a ely (2) Ve y much (3) Comple ely (4)
3. How much do you eel you iends and lo ed ones like you nose?
No a all (0) Somewha (1) Mode a ely (2) Ve y much (3) Comple ely (4)
4. Do you hink you cu en nasal appea ance limi s you social o p o essional ac i i ies?
Always (0) Usually (1) Some imes (2) Ra ely (3) Ne e (4)
5. How con iden a e you ha you nasal appea ance is he bes ha i can be?
No a all (0) Somewha (1) Mode a ely (2) Ve y much (3) Comple ely (4)
6. Would you like o su gically al e he appea ance o unc ion o you nose?
De ini ely (0) Mos likely (1) Possibly (2) P obably no (3) No (4)
Female
Table 1: Dis ibu ion o meanNaso- on al Angle
Naso- on al Angle
N (Valid)
N (Missing)
Mean
Median
S.D
Range
Minimum
Maximum
P e op
5
0
146.6
150
5.3
12
138
150
Pos op 1 mon h
5
0
145.6
149
5.1
10
140
150
Pos op 3 mon hs
3
2
142.7
140
6.4
12
138
150
Pos op 6 mon hs
5
0
145.6
150
6.1
12
138
150
Table 2: Dis ibu ion o meanNaso-labial Angle
Naso-labial Angle
N (Valid)
N (Missing)
Mean
Media
n
SD
Rang
e
Minimum
Maximum
P e op
5
0
81.8
83
15.4
39
57
96
Pos op 1 mon h
5
0
96.6
95
11.4
29
87
116
Pos op 3 mon hs
3
2
102
97
12.3
23
93
116
Pos op 6 mon hs
5
0
96.2
93
11.7
30
86
116
Table 3: Dis ibu ion o mean Nasal ip angle
Nasal ip angle
N (Valid)
N (Missing)
Mean
Median
SD
Range
Minimum
Maximum
P e op
5
0
93.4
94
6.1
15
85
100
Pos op 1 mon h
5
0
100.4
101
6.1
15
95
110
Pos op 3 mon hs
3
2
103.3
100
5.8
10
100
110
Pos op 6 mon hs
5
0
99.6
100
6.6
17
93
110
Table 4: Dis ibu ion o mean Naso- acial Angle
Naso- acial
Angle
N (Valid)
N (Missing)
Mean
Median
S.D
Range
Minimum
Maximum
P e op
5
0
27.6
25
4.3
10
25
35
Pos op 1 mon h
5
0
32.4
35
3.6
7
28
35
Pos op 3 mon hs
3
2
32.3
34
3.8
7
28
35
Pos op 6 mon hs
5
0
30.2
28
4.4
9
26
35
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN: 2961-6042
Chowdhu y e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
5
Table 5: Dis ibu ion o mean Columella Lobule Angle
Columella Lobule
Angle
N (Valid)
N (Missing)
Mean
Median
SD
Range
Minimum
Maximum
P e op
5
0
39.2
35
15
37
28
65
Pos op 1 mon h
5
0
32
35
8
19
19
38
Pos op 3 mon hs
3
2
30.7
30
7
14
24
38
Pos op 6 mon hs
5
0
33
35
6
14
24
38
Table 6: Dis ibu ion o mean Lobule o Nos il a io
Lobule o nos il
a io
N
(Valid)
N
(Missing)
Mea
n
Medi
an
SD
Rang
e
Minimu
m
Maximu
m
P e-op
4
1
1.09
1.1
0.5
1.17
0.50
1.67
Pos -op 1 mon h
4
1
1.2
1.2
0.2
0.36
1.14
1.50
Pos -op 2 mon hs
3
2
1.11
1
0.19
0.33
1
1.33
Pos -op 6 mon hs
4
1
1.16
1.2
0.1
0.33
1
1.33
Male
Table 7: Dis ibu ion o mean Naso- on al Angle
Naso- on al
Angle
N (Valid)
N (Missing)
Mean
Median
SD
Range
Minimum
Maximum
P e-op
15
0
135.3
137
13.6
49
103
152
Pos -op 1 mon h
14
1
137.1
136
9
29
121
150
Pos -op 2 mon hs
7
8
136.9
133
8.7
24
124
148
Pos -op 6 mon hs
15
0
139.2
138
9
30
122
152
Table 8: Dis ibu ion o mean Naso-labial angle
Naso-labial angle
N (Valid)
N (Missing)
Mean
Median
SD
Range
Minimum
Maximum
P e-op
15
0
85.2
87
9.2
31
69
100
Pos -op 1 mon h
14
1
90.4
90.5
4.8
17
81
98
Pos -op 3 mon hs
7
8
88.6
88
7.3
22
78
100
Pos -op 6 mon hs
13
0
89.6
89
6.7
25
75
100
Table 9: Dis ibu ion o mean Nasal ip angle
Nasal ip angle
N (Valid)
N (Missing)
Mean
Median
SD
Range
Minimum
Maximum
P e-op
15
0
92.1
90
7.2
25
82
107
Pos -op 1 mon h
14
1
95.3
95
4.1
13
90
103
Pos -op 3 mon hs
7
8
94.3
92
4.4
10
90
100
Pos -op 6 mon hs
15
10
94
93
4.2
15
87
102
Table 10: Dis ibu ion o mean Naso- acial Angle
Naso- acial Angle
N (Valid)
N (Missing)
Mean
Median
SD
Range
Minimum
Maximum
P e-op
15
0
30.5
30.5
5.3
19
23
42
Pos -op 1 mon h
14
1
31.7
30.5
5.3
17
23
40
Pos -op 2 mon hs
7
8
32
30
4
12
28
40
Pos -op 6 mon hs
15
0
30.6
30
5.2
17
23
40
Table 11: Dis ibu ion o mean Columella Lobule Angle
Columella Lobule
Angle
N (Valid)
N (Missing)
Mean
Median
SD
Range
Minimum
Maximum
P e-op
15
0
30.5
30.5
3.2
12
26
38
Pos -op 1 mon h
14
1
27.3
27.3
4.4
18
20
38
Pos -op 2 mon hs
7
8
28.4
28.4
5.3
18
20
38
Pos -op 6 mon hs
15
0
28.7
30
4.6
18
20
38
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN: 2961-6042
Chowdhu y e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
6
Table 12: Dis ibu ion o mean Lobule o Nos il a io
Lobule o nos il
a io
N
(Valid)
N
(Missing)
Mea
n
Media
n
S
D
Rang
e
Minimu
m
Maximu
m
P e-op
15
0
1.2
1
0.4
1.29
0.71
2
Pos -op 1 mon h
14
1
1.2
1.1
0.2
0.75
0.75
1.5
Pos -op 2 mon hs
7
8
1.2
1.3
0.2
0.6
1
1.6
Pos -op 6 mon hs
15
0
1.1
1
0.2
0.75
0.75
1.5
Table 13: Compa ison o Indi idual Pa ien Responses o Rhinoplas y Ou come E alua ion (ROE)
Ques ionnai e be o e and A e Su ge y
Pa ie
n
Like
Appea a
nce o
Nose (Q1)
B ea h
e
Th ou
gh
Nose
(Q2)
F ien
ds
Like
You
Nose
(Q3)
Nose Limi s
Social/P o essi
onal (Q4)
Con id
ence in
Bes
Appea
ance
(Q5)
Wan
Su gi
cal
Chan
ge
(Q6)
To al
(/24)
%
Sco e
Be o e
Su ge y
A
1
0
1
0
1
0
3/24
12.5
B
0
2
0
1
1
0
4/24
16.6
C
0
1
1
1
1
0
4/24
16.6
D
2
0
2
2
0
0
6/24
25
E
0
4
0
0
0
0
4/24
16.6
F
0
4
0
0
1
0
5/24
20
G
0
0
0
0
1
0
1/24
4.16
H
0
2
1
0
1
0
4/24
16.6
I
2
3
2
2
2
0
11/24
45.8
J
0
2
0
0
0
0
2/24
8.33
K
0
1
1
2
0
0
4/24
16.6
L
1
0
2
2
1
0
6/24
25
M
1
0
2
1
2
1
7/24
29.1
N
0
2
0
1
1
0
4/24
16.6
O
0
0
0
1
0
1
2/24
8.33
P
1
1
2
2
1
0
7/24
29.1
Q
0
1
2
1
1
0
5/24
20
R
0
2
0
0
1
0
3/24
12.5
S
2
0
2
2
1
0
7/24
29.1
T
0
4
0
0
0
0
4/24
16.6
A e
Su ge y
A
3
4
3
4
3
4
21/24
87.5
B
4
3
3
4
4
3
21/24
87.5
C
4
4
4
4
4
4
24/24
100
D
3
4
3
3
4
3
20/24
83.33
E
4
4
4
4
4
4
24/24
100
F
2
4
0
0
2
2
10/24
41.66
G
4
4
4
4
4
4
24/24
100
H
3
4
4
4
4
4
23/24
95.8
I
2
3
2
2
3
3
17/24
70.8
J
4
3
3
4
4
4
22/24
91.6
K
3
4
4
4
4
3
22/24
91.6
L
3
3
2
2
3
1
14/24
58.3
M
3
4
2
3
3
4
19/24
79.1
N
4
4
4
4
4
4
24/24
100
O
3
4
4
4
3
3
21/24
87.5
P
4
4
4
4
4
4
24/24
100
Q
4
4
4
4
4
4
24/24
100
R
4
4
4
4
4
4
24/24
100
S
3
4
3
3
3
3
19/24
79.1
T
4
4
4
4
4
4
24/24
100
Ou o o al pa ien s 75% we e male and 25% we e emale
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN: 2961-6042
Chowdhu y e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
7
Table 14: Compa ison o ROE Sco e % p eope a i ely and 6 mon hs pos ope a i ely in male pa ien s
using pai ed sample - es
Mean
N
SD
- alue
p- alue
ROE Sco e %
P eope a i e
20.41
15
10.61
10.593
0.0005 *
6 mon hs
pos ope a i e
84.98
15
17.24
* S a is ical Signi icance a p < 0.05 le el
Figu e 7: Compa ison o ROE Sco e % in emale pa ien s p eope a i ely and 6 mon hs
pos ope a i elyby using pai ed sample - es
Table 15:
Mean
N
SD
- alue
p- alue
ROE Sco e %
P eope a i e
15.78
5
1.83
38.900
0.0005 *
6 mon hs
pos ope a i e
95.82
5
5.90
* S a is ical Signi icance a p < 0.05 le el
Figu e 8: ROE Sco e % in emale pa ien s p eope a i ely and 6 mon hs pos ope a i ely
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN: 2961-6042
Chowdhu y e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
8
Compa ison o ROE sco es o e all
1. The mean alue o he ROE sco e
p eope a i ely and pos ope a i ely was 4.65
and 21.05 espec i ely. The p- alue was
0.0005 which was s a is ically signi ican .
2. The mean sco e pe cen age p eope a i ely and
6 mon hs pos ope a i ely was 19.26% and
87.69 % espec i ely. The p- alue was 0.0005
which was s a is ically signi ican .
Compa ison o ROE sco es in emales
1. The mean ROE sco e p eope a i ely and
pos ope a i ely was 15.78% and 95.82%
espec i ely. The p- alue was 0.0005 which
was s a is ically signi ican .
2. P eope a i ely, he mean sco e pe cen age was
15.78% and 6 mon hs pos ope a i ely was
95.82%. The p- alue was 0.0005, which was
s a is ically signi ican .
Compa ison o ROE sco es in male pa ien s
1. The mean ROE sco e p eope a i ely and
pos ope a i ely was 4.93 and 20.40
espec i ely. The p- alue was 0.0005 which
was s a is ically signi ican .
2. The mean ROE sco e pe cen age
p eope a i ely and pos ope a i ely was
20.41%, and 84.98% espec i ely. The p- alue
was 0.0005 which was s a is ically signi ican .
Discussion
Naso- on al angle: In ou s udy, mainly pa ien s
wi h saddle nose de o mi y had a dec eased Naso-
on al angle, while he es o he popula ion had
no signi ican change in he angle. In ou s udy, i
has also been seen ha males ha e a mo e acu e
p e-op Naso- on al angle, i.e., (135.3 +/-13.6) and
emales ha e a mo e ob use naso- on al angle, i.e.,
(146.6 +/- 5.2).
Naso-labial angle: The ideal Naso-labial angle o
an a e age good-looking emale is 103.9. The
mean Naso-labial angle p eope a i ely and
pos ope a i ely was 81.8 and 96.2 deg ees
espec i ely, which was close o he ideal. The p-
alue was 0.082, which was s a is ically signi ican .
Naso- acial angle: The mean Naso- acial angle
p eope a i ely and pos ope a i ely was 30.5
deg ees and 30.6 deg ees espec i ely in male
pa ien s. The e was no signi ican change in he
mean Naso- acial angle a e su ge y (p- alue =
0.890).
Lobule o nos il a io: In ou s udy, we we e
dealing wi h meso hine noses on a e age. P e-
ope a i ely and pos -ope a i ely nos il o lobule
a io was 1:2 and 1:1 espec i ely in all male
pa ien s. So he e was a dec ease in he mean a io
o lobule o nos il pos -ope a i ely which was
mo e owa ds lep o hine bu i was no s a is ically
signi ican (p- alue = 0.437). In ou s udy, among
he emale pa ien s, he mean lobule o nos il a io
p eope a i ely and pos ope a i ely was 1.09:1 and
1.16:1 espec i ely. Hence, he mean lobule o
nos il a io inc eased and was no s a is ically
signi ican (p- alue = 0.824).
Nasal Tip angle: In male pa ien s he e was an
inc ease in he mean nasal ip angle
pos ope a i ely, which was mo e owa ds he alue
o he lep o hine ype ( he ideal is 100 deg ees o
men). He e he p- alue was 0.240, which was no
s a is ically signi ican . In he emale pa ien s, he
mean nasal ip angle p eope a i ely and
pos ope a i ely was 93.4 and 99.6 deg ees
espec i ely. The e was an inc eased mean nasal ip
angle, which also goes owa ds he alue o he
lep o hine ype ( he ideal is 105 deg ees o
women). The p- alue was 0.034 which was
s a is ical signi icance.
Columella lobule angle: In ou s udy, he mean
columella lobule angle p eope a i ely and
pos ope a i ely was 30.5 deg ees and 28.7 deg ees
espec i ely. The p- alue was 0.018, which was
s a is ically signi ican . In he emale pa ien s, he
mean columella lobule angle p eope a i ely and
pos ope a i ely was 39.2 and 33.0 deg ees
espec i ely.
The alue was wi hin he no mal ange o
lep o hine pa ien s. The p- alue was 0.364, which
was no s a is ically signi ican . Howe e , he e
was comple e pa ien sa is ac ion, wi h no
complain s om he pa ien s ega ding hei nasal
ip shape pos ope a i ely.
Rhinoplas y ou come e alua ion sco e: In ou
s udy, he mean p e-ope a i e ROE sco e was
19.25 and he pos -ope a i e sco e was 87.68,
indica ing a 68.43 poin gain ollowing su ge y.
The emales had a somewha highe sa is ac ion
sco e wi h he su ge y (95.82) as compa ed o he
males (84.96). These esul s a e in acco dance wi h
hose o Khan e al., who ound ha emales a e
mo e sa is ied [10] as well as Khansa e al., who
ound ha males a e less sa is ied [11].
Acco ding o ano he assessmen o male
hinoplas y pa ien s, males had non-speci ic
complain s and poo e knowledge o hei
abno mali y han emales [12]. The subjec i e
assessmen s o all he 20 pa ien s, a 6 mon h pos -
ope a i e pe iod, we e done by he hinoplas y
ou come ques ionnai e me hod. Among hem, 17
pa ien s had excellen sa is ac ion, 2 pa ien s had
good sa is ac ion and 1 pa ien had accep able
sa is ac ion. The g ades o sa is ac ion we e aken
as 5.0% (Accep able), 10.0% (Good) and 85.0%
(Excellen ).
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch e-ISSN: 0976-822X, p-ISSN: 2961-6042
Chowdhu y e al. In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Pha maceu ical Re iew and Resea ch
9
Conclusion
In ou s udy, a signi ican po ion o he pa ien
demog aphic comp ised young males wi h a his o y
o auma. Addi ionally, a subse o pa ien s
unde wen p ima y hinoplas y o mee he medical
i ness c i e ia o a my ec ui men . In e es ingly,
pa ien s om a lowe socioeconomic backg ound
exhibi ed lowe su gical expec a ions bu epo ed
high sa is ac ion wi h he ou comes. No ably, he
Rhinoplas y Ou come E alua ion Sco e e ealed
ha 17 pa ien s expe ienced excellen sa is ac ion,
2 pa ien s epo ed good sa is ac ion, and 1 pa ien
ound he ou comes accep able. Emphasizing he
conside a ion o ideal nasal pa ame e s p o ed
c ucial in achie ing sa is ac o y esul s. I 's wo h
no ing ha no all nasal pa ame e s eached he
ideal alues, e lec ing indi idual a ia ions in
pa ien equi emen s.
Re e ence
1. Eicks ed EV. The ace and ypes o he
wes e n Himalayas. Man India. 1927;6:237.
2. Ca alho B, Ballin AC, Becke RV, Be ge
CA, Hu ado JG, Mocellin M. Rhinoplas y and
acial asymme y: analysis o subjec i e and
an h opome ic ac o s in he Caucasian nose.
In A ch O o hinola yngol. 2012;16(4):445-50.
3. And e o AC. The cen al ole o he nose in
he ace and he psyche: e iew o he nose and
he psyche. Aes he ic Plas Su g. 2007;31:406-
10. doi:10.1007/s00266-006-0241-2.
4. Fo es CR. Dallas Rhinoplas y: Nasal Su ge y
by he Mas e s, Thi d Edi ion. Plas Recons
Su g. 2014;134(5):1091.
5. A mijo BS, B own M, Guyu on B. De ining
he ideal nasolabial angle. Plas Recons Su g.
2012;129(3):759-64.
6. By d HS, Hoba PC. Rhinoplas y: a p ac ical
guide o su gical planning. Plas Recons
Su g. 1993;91(4):642-54; discussion 655.
7. Pessa JE, Roh ich RJ. Nasal analysis and
ana omy. In: Philadelphia: Else ie Saunde s;
2013. p. 373-86.
8. Daniel RK. Rhinoplas y: La ge nos il/small
ip disp opo ion. Plas Recons Su g.
2001;107:1874.
9. Es e es SS, Sil a AP, Fe ei a MG, Fe ei a A,
Fe ei a P, Ab unhosa J, e al. Valida ion o
Rhinoplas y Ou come E alua ion (ROE)
Ques ionnai e o Po uguese. Re Po ORL.
2015;53:81-5.
10. Khan N, Rashid M, Khan I, Sa wa SUR,
Rashid H, Khu shid M, e al. Sa is ac ion in
pa ien s a e hinoplas y using he Rhinoplas y
Ou come E alua ion Ques ionnai e. Cu eus.
2019 Jul 30.
11. Khansa I, Khansa L, Pea son GD. Pa ien
sa is ac ion a e hinoplas y: a social media
analysis. Aes he Su g J. 2015;10:1-5.
doi:10.1093/asj/sj 095.
12. Roh ich RJ, Janis JE, Kenkel JM. Male
hinoplas y. Plas Recons Su g.
2003;15:1071-86.
