Quan i ying he C/O a io in he plane - o ming
en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s
Ja ie a K. Díaz-Be íos ([email p o ec ed]), Ca he ine Walsh
Ewine F. an Dishoeck
ESO Wo kshop — Towa ds new on ie s, ESO Ga ching
C edi s backg ound: NASA/JPL-Cal ech Díaz-Be íos, J. K., Walsh, C., and an Dishoeck, E. F. (submiBed o ApJ, unde e iew)
P o oplane a y disks
CHEMISTRY IN PLANET-FORMING REGIONS
[au]
0.1
1
10
100
sca e ed ligh
dus he mal emission
Adap ed om Mio ello+2023
2
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Con ex
C edi s backg ound: NASA/JPL-Cal ech
Tabone+2023, an Dishoeck+2023
3
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Con ex
Disks a ound Ve y low-mass s a s
THE CASE OF J160532’ JWST OBSERVATIONS
Tabone+2023, an Dishoeck+2023
3
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Con ex
Disks a ound Ve y low-mass s a s
THE CASE OF J160532’ JWST OBSERVATIONS
ISO-CHAI 147
A abha i+2024
C2H2+13CCH2
To al model
C6H6
HCN
HC3N
CO2+13CO2
C2H6
C3H4
C4H2
CH3
SZ28
Kanwa +2024
Tabone+2023, an Dishoeck+2023
3
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Con ex
Disks a ound Ve y low-mass s a s
THE CASE OF J160532’ JWST OBSERVATIONS
ISO-CHAI 147
A abha i+2024
C2H2+13CCH2
To al model
C6H6
HCN
HC3N
CO2+13CO2
C2H6
C3H4
C4H2
CH3
SZ28
Kanwa +2024
JWST has e ealed hyd oca bon ich inne disks o now h ee sou ces
Wha a e he implica ions o plane o ma ion?
Wha could be esponsible o such high abundances?
4
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Chemical model
Wha mechanisms could be occu ing
in he disk o a ec he C/O a io?
Hyd oca bon chemis y
is sensi i e o C/O a ios
an Dishoeck+2023, Tabone+2023, Díaz-Be íos, J. K., Walsh, C., and an Dishoeck, E. F. (submiBed o ApJ, unde e iew)
C edi s backg ound: NASA/JPL-Cal ech
How o explain
he high abundances?
C- ich
g ains
Silica e
g ains
CO2-ice
man le
10 AU1 AU0.1 AU
H2O-ice
man le
H2OCO2
Soo
line
4
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Chemical model
Hyd oca bon chemis y
is sensi i e o C/O a ios
Wha mechanisms could be occu ing
in he disk o a ec he C/O a io?
C edi s backg ound: NASA/JPL-Cal ech
How o explain
he high abundances?
Ca bon g ain des uc ion eleasing
ca bon in o he gas phase
an Dishoeck+2023, Tabone+2023, Díaz-Be íos, J. K., Walsh, C., and an Dishoeck, E. F. (submiBed o ApJ, unde e iew)
C- ich
g ains
Silica e
g ains
CO2-ice
man le
10 AU1 AU0.1 AU
H2O-ice
man le
H2OCO2
Gap
Soo
line
4
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Chemical model
Hyd oca bon chemis y
is sensi i e o C/O a ios
Wha mechanisms could be occu ing
in he disk o a ec he C/O a io?
C edi s backg ound: NASA/JPL-Cal ech
How o explain
he high abundances?
Ca bon g ain des uc ion eleasing
ca bon in o he gas phase
Oxygen deple ion due o icy pebble
apping in he ou e disk
an Dishoeck+2023, Tabone+2023, Díaz-Be íos, J. K., Walsh, C., and an Dishoeck, E. F. (submiBed o ApJ, unde e iew)
Ca bon g ain des uc ion eleasing
ca bon in o he gas phase
Oxygen deple ion due o icy pebble
apping in he ou e disk
Hyd oca bon chemis y
is sensi i e o C/O a ios
C- ich
g ains
Silica e
g ains
CO2-ice
man le
10 AU1 AU0.1 AU
H2O-ice
man le
H2OCO2
Gap
Soo
line
4
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Chemical model
Wha mechanisms could be occu ing
in he disk o a ec he C/O a io?
C edi s backg ound: NASA/JPL-Cal ech
How o explain
he high abundances?
Goal o his wo k
Wha deg ee o ca bon en ichmen and/o oxygen deple ion
ep oduce he end in obse a ions?
an Dishoeck+2023, Tabone+2023, Díaz-Be íos, J. K., Walsh, C., and an Dishoeck, E. F. (submiBed o ApJ, unde e iew)
J160532
ISO-ChaI 147
Díaz-Be íos+submiBed
C2H2/CO2
How do he models compa e wi h obse a ions?
SOME TRENDS: COLUMN DENSITY RATIOS
C/O
1
ca bon!
ich
oxygen
ich
10 100
6
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Discussion
Sz28
A mosphe e + Midplane componen !
up o 0.1 au
J160532
ISO-ChaI 147
Díaz-Be íos+submiBed
C2H2/CO2
How do he models compa e wi h obse a ions?
SOME TRENDS: COLUMN DENSITY RATIOS
C/O
1
ca bon!
ich
oxygen
ich
10 100
6
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Discussion
Sz28
Despi e Sz28 and ISO-ChaI 147 appea ing signi ican ly mo e hyd oca bon ich han
J160532 h ough he numbe o species de ec ed, he a io be ween C2H2/CO2
sugges s ha hese sou ces a e globally less ca bon- ich han J160532.
7
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Discussion
Whe e is he ca bon going?
MAIN CARBON CARRIERS IN THE DISK
A mosphe e componen
C/O~8.8!
↑C⨉2!
↓Ox10
Fiducial!
C/O~0.44!
(Walsh+2015)
0.04 au 1 au
7
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Discussion
Whe e is he ca bon going?
MAIN CARBON CARRIERS IN THE DISK
A mosphe e componen
C/O~8.8!
↑C⨉2!
↓Ox10
Fiducial!
C/O~0.44!
(Walsh+2015)
0.04 au
HCN!
8%
O he
CO!
19%
LCC!
61%
C2H2!
6%
7
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Discussion
Whe e is he ca bon going?
MAIN CARBON CARRIERS IN THE DISK
A mosphe e componen
C/O~8.8!
↑C⨉2!
↓Ox10
Fiducial!
C/O~0.44!
(Walsh+2015)
0.04 au
HCN!
8%
O he
CO!
19%
LCC!
61%
C2H2!
6%
1 au O he
LCC!
3%
CO!
86%
CO2!
5%
7
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Discussion
Whe e is he ca bon going?
MAIN CARBON CARRIERS IN THE DISK
A mosphe e componen
C/O~8.8!
↑C⨉2!
↓Ox10
Fiducial!
C/O~0.44!
(Walsh+2015)
0.04 au
HCN!
8%
O he
CO!
19%
LCC!
61%
C2H2!
6%
1 au O he
LCC!
3%
CO!
86%
CO2!
5%
HCN!
7%
CO!
6%
LCC!
78%
O he
0.04 au
LCC!
92%
O he
1 au
7
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Discussion
Whe e is he ca bon going?
MAIN CARBON CARRIERS IN THE DISK
A mosphe e componen
C/O~8.8!
↑C⨉2!
↓Ox10
Fiducial!
C/O~0.44!
(Walsh+2015)
0.04 au
HCN!
8%
O he
CO!
19%
LCC!
61%
C2H2!
6%
1 au O he
LCC!
3%
CO!
86%
CO2!
5%
HCN!
7%
CO!
6%
LCC!
78%
O he
0.04 au
LCC!
92%
O he
1 au
Long ca bon chains domina e he ca bon budge a 0.04 au in he disk a mosphe e
when C/O=0.44, showing ha ca bon en ichmen is no always necessa y o he
efficien syn hesis o hyd oca bons.
key poin s and conclusions
WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM THE MODELS?
8
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Conclusions
C edi s backg ound: NASA/JPL-Cal ech
Which physical mechanisms lead o ha
pa icula C/O a io is s ill an open ques ion.
The sys ems obse ed so a show a ange o C/O, sugges ing ha he magni ude
o he mechanisms ha se he inne -disk composi ion is no necessa ily equal
o he sou ces e en i hey all show a hyd oca bon- ich inne disk.
key poin s and conclusions
WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM THE MODELS?
8
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Conclusions
C edi s backg ound: NASA/JPL-Cal ech
Ou esul s sugges ha ca bon en ichmen is no necessa ily
equi ed o each he column densi ies o obse ed
hyd oca bon species p o ided ha he midplane is exposed.
Do we always need a C/O>1 o ob ain he high abundances o hyd oca bons?
Which physical mechanisms lead o ha
pa icula C/O a io is s ill an open ques ion.
The sys ems obse ed so a show a ange o C/O, sugges ing ha he magni ude
o he mechanisms ha se he inne -disk composi ion is no necessa ily equal
o he sou ces e en i hey all show a hyd oca bon- ich inne disk.
Wha a e he implica ions o plane o ma ion?
On he o he hand, e es ial plane s could be
acc e ing ca bon-poo ma e ial.
I gas gian plane s a e ac i ely o ming in hese
disks hey could be acc e ing ca bon- ich gas.
key poin s and conclusions
WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM THE MODELS?
8
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Conclusions
Which physical mechanisms lead o ha
pa icula C/O a io is s ill an open ques ion.
C edi s backg ound: NASA/JPL-Cal ech
Ou esul s sugges ha ca bon en ichmen is no necessa ily
equi ed o each he column densi ies o obse ed
hyd oca bon species p o ided ha he midplane is exposed.
Do we always need a C/O>1 o ob ain he high abundances o hyd oca bons?
The sys ems obse ed so a show a ange o C/O, sugges ing ha he magni ude
o he mechanisms ha se he inne -disk composi ion is no necessa ily equal
o he sou ces e en i hey all show a hyd oca bon- ich inne disk.
5
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Backup
How do he models compa e wi h obse a ions?
COLUMN DENSITIES AND RATIOS
Quan i ying he C/O a io in he plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s 19
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
J160532
(Tabone+2024)
ISO-ChaI 147
(A abha i+2024)
(Kaeu e +2024)
Sz28
Sz28
(Kanwa +2024b)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 10.0 au (a mosphe e)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 1.0 au (a mosphe e)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 0.1 au (a mosphe e)
Figu e 12. Le : Column densi ies o C2H2,H
2O, CO2,C
6H6,C
4H2,CH
4,HCN,C
2H4,andC
3H4. The alues es ima ed
he e a e he disk-a e aged column densi y up o 0.1, 1, and 10 au (each ow), in eg a ing e ically down o he ⌧= 1 su ace
a 14 µm. Middle and igh : Column densi y a ios o C2H2/H2O, C2H/CO2,andCO
2/H2O. The o ange, g een, and pu ple
c osses ep esen he esul s om Tabone e al. (2023), A abha i e al. (2024), Kanwa e al. (2024b)andKaeu e e al. (2024)
o he J160532, ISO-ChaI 147, and Sz28 disks, espec i ely. The shaded blue ba s in he le -hand and middle panels ep esen
he esul s om ou chemical models wi h di↵e en C/O a ios. The igh -hand panel shows he disc e e alues o he di↵e en
models.
6
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Backup
How do he models compa e wi h obse a ions?
COLUMN DENSITIES AND RATIOS
Quan i ying he C/O a io in he plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s 19
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
J160532
(Tabone+2024)
ISO-ChaI 147
(A abha i+2024) (Kaeu e +2024)
Sz28
Sz28
(Kanwa +2024b)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 10.0 au (a mosphe e)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 1.0 au (a mosphe e)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 0.1 au (a mosphe e)
Figu e 12. Le : Column densi ies o C2H2,H
2O, CO2,C
6H6,C
4H2,CH
4,HCN,C
2H4,andC
3H4. The alues es ima ed
he e a e he disk-a e aged column densi y up o 0.1, 1, and 10 au (each ow), in eg a ing e ically down o he ⌧= 1 su ace
a 14 µm. Middle and igh : Column densi y a ios o C2H2/H2O, C2H/CO2,andCO
2/H2O. The o ange, g een, and pu ple
c osses ep esen he esul s om Tabone e al. (2023), A abha i e al. (2024), Kanwa e al. (2024b)andKaeu e e al. (2024)
o he J160532, ISO-ChaI 147, and Sz28 disks, espec i ely. The shaded blue ba s in he le -hand and middle panels ep esen
he esul s om ou chemical models wi h di↵e en C/O a ios. The igh -hand panel shows he disc e e alues o he di↵e en
models.
7
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Backup
How do he models compa e wi h obse a ions?
COLUMN DENSITIES AND RATIOS
Quan i ying he C/O a io in he plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s 19
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
J160532
(Tabone+2024)
ISO-ChaI 147
(A abha i+2024) (Kaeu e +2024)
Sz28
Sz28
(Kanwa +2024b)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 10.0 au (a mosphe e)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 1.0 au (a mosphe e)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 0.1 au (a mosphe e)
Figu e 12. Le : Column densi ies o C2H2,H
2O, CO2,C
6H6,C
4H2,CH
4,HCN,C
2H4,andC
3H4. The alues es ima ed
he e a e he disk-a e aged column densi y up o 0.1, 1, and 10 au (each ow), in eg a ing e ically down o he ⌧= 1 su ace
a 14 µm. Middle and igh : Column densi y a ios o C2H2/H2O, C2H/CO2,andCO
2/H2O. The o ange, g een, and pu ple
c osses ep esen he esul s om Tabone e al. (2023), A abha i e al. (2024), Kanwa e al. (2024b)andKaeu e e al. (2024)
o he J160532, ISO-ChaI 147, and Sz28 disks, espec i ely. The shaded blue ba s in he le -hand and middle panels ep esen
he esul s om ou chemical models wi h di↵e en C/O a ios. The igh -hand panel shows he disc e e alues o he di↵e en
models.
8
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Backup
How do he models compa e wi h obse a ions?
COLUMN DENSITIES AND RATIOS
Quan i ying he C/O a io in he plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s 21
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
J160532
(Tabone+2024)
ISO-ChaI 147
(A abha i+2024)
(Kaeu e +2024)
Sz28
Sz28
(Kanwa +2024b)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 10.0 au (midplane)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 1.0 au (midplane)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 0.1 au (midplane)
Figu e 13. Same as Fig. 12 o in eg a ion down o he midplane.
9
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Backup
How do he models compa e wi h obse a ions?
COLUMN DENSITIES AND RATIOS
Quan i ying he C/O a io in he plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s 21
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
J160532
(Tabone+2024)
ISO-ChaI 147
(A abha i+2024) (Kaeu e +2024)
Sz28
Sz28
(Kanwa +2024b)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 10.0 au (midplane)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 1.0 au (midplane)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 0.1 au (midplane)
Figu e 13. Same as Fig. 12 o in eg a ion down o he midplane.
10
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Backup
How do he models compa e wi h obse a ions?
COLUMN DENSITIES AND RATIOS
Quan i ying he C/O a io in he plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s 21
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
J160532
(Tabone+2024)
ISO-ChaI 147
(A abha i+2024) (Kaeu e +2024)
Sz28
Sz28
(Kanwa +2024b)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 10.0 au (midplane)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 1.0 au (midplane)
Disk-a e aged column densi y up o 0.1 au (midplane)
Figu e 13. Same as Fig. 12 o in eg a ion down o he midplane.
7
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Discussion
Whe e is he ca bon going?
MAIN CARBON CARRIERS IN THE DISK
C/O~8.8!
↑C⨉2!
↓Ox10
A mosphe e componen A mosphe e + Midplane componen
0.04 au 1 au 0.04 au 1 au
Fiducial!
C/O~0.44!
(Walsh+2015)
7
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Discussion
Whe e is he ca bon going?
MAIN CARBON CARRIERS IN THE DISK
0.04 au 1 au
C/O~8.8!
↑C⨉2!
↓Ox10
HCN!
8%
O he
CO!
19%
LCC!
61%
HCN!
7%
CO!
6%
LCC!
78%
O he
A mosphe e componen
O he
LCC!
3%
CO!
86%
LCC!
92%
O he
CH4!
28%
HCN!
10%
LCC!
12%
CO!
48%
O he
HCN!
8%
LCC!
58%
O he
O he
CO!
68%
LCC!
87%
O he
0.04 au 1 au
0.04 au 1 au 0.04 au 1 au
A mosphe e + Midplane componen
Fiducial!
C/O~0.44!
(Walsh+2015)
C2H2!
6%
CO2!
5%
CO2!
17%
CO!
7%
CH4!
27%
LCC!
5%
7
QuanN ying he C/O aNo in plane - o ming en i onmen s a ound e y low-mass s a s — Discussion
Whe e is he ca bon going?
MAIN CARBON CARRIERS IN THE DISK
0.04 au 1 au
C/O~8.8!
↑C⨉2!
↓Ox10
HCN!
8%
O he
CO!
19%
LCC!
61%
HCN!
7%
CO!
6%
LCC!
78%
O he
A mosphe e componen
O he
LCC!
3%
CO!
86%
LCC!
92%
O he
CH4!
28%
HCN!
10%
LCC!
12%
CO!
48%
O he
HCN!
8%
LCC!
58%
O he
O he
CO!
68%
LCC!
87%
O he
0.04 au 1 au
0.04 au 1 au 0.04 au 1 au
A mosphe e + Midplane componen
Fiducial!
C/O~0.44!
(Walsh+2015)
C2H2!
6%
CO2!
5%
CO2!
17%
CO!
7%
CH4!
27%
LCC!
5%
Long ca bon chains domina e he ca bon budge a 0.04 au in he disk a mosphe e
when C/O=0.44, showing ha ca bon en ichmen is no always necessa y o he
efficien syn hesis o hyd oca bons.
