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HEARING LOSS IN CHILDREN: CAUSES, EARLY DETECTION, AND PREVENTIVE
MEASURES
Rus amo a E ibo Ib agimo na
Depa men o O o hinola yngology, Sama kand S a e Medical Uni e si y
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17316722
In oduc ion: Hea ing loss in child en is one o he mos p e alen senso y diso de s
wo ldwide and ep esen s a c i ical public heal h conce n due o i s p o ound impac on speech,
language, cogni i e, and social de elopmen . Ea ly childhood is a i al pe iod o he acquisi ion
o communica ion skills; he e o e, undiagnosed o un ea ed hea ing impai men can esul in
long- e m educa ional and psychological challenges. Acco ding o he Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion,
o e 34 million child en globally li e wi h disabling hea ing loss, and many o hese cases a e
p e en able h ough imely de ec ion and p ope managemen . The e iology o pedia ic hea ing
loss is mul i ac o ial, encompassing gene ic ac o s, p ena al and pe ina al complica ions,
in ec ious diseases, o o oxic medica ions, and en i onmen al noise exposu e. In many de eloping
coun ies, including Uzbekis an, limi ed access o neona al sc eening and audiological se ices
leads o delayed diagnosis, which exace ba es de elopmen al delays and social in eg a ion
di icul ies. This s udy aims o analyze he majo causes o childhood hea ing loss, e alua e he
e ec i eness o ea ly de ec ion p og ams, and p opose p e en i e s a egies o minimize i s
occu ence and consequences.
Objec i e: The p ima y objec i e o his s udy is o de e mine he leading causes o
hea ing loss among child en in he Sama kand egion, assess he cu en s a e o ea ly de ec ion
p og ams, and iden i y p e en i e and in e en ional measu es ha can educe he incidence and
long- e m impac o pedia ic hea ing impai men .
Ma e ials and Me hods: A desc ip i e c oss-sec ional s udy was conduc ed in ol ing 200
child en aged be ween 0 and 10 yea s who a ended he o o hinola yngology and pedia ic
depa men s o Sama kand S a e Medical Uni e si y Hospi al du ing 2022–2024. All pa icipan s
unde wen de ailed o oscopic examina ion, pu e- one audiome y, ympanome y, and o oacous ic
emission (OAE) es ing. Da a on p ena al and pe ina al his o y, amily medical backg ound,
exposu e o o o oxic d ugs, p e ious in ec ions such as o i is media, measles, o meningi is, and
noise exposu e we e collec ed h ough s uc u ed pa en al in e iews and medical eco ds.
S a is ical analysis was pe o med using SPSS so wa e o de e mine he co ela ion be ween
e iological ac o s and he deg ee o hea ing impai men . E hical app o al was ob ained om he
uni e si y’s e iew boa d, and in o med consen was collec ed om pa en s o gua dians.
Resul s: Among he 200 examined child en, 38% we e diagnosed wi h senso ineu al
hea ing loss, 44% wi h conduc i e hea ing loss, and 18% wi h mixed ypes. The leading causes
included ch onic o i is media (29%), congeni al o gene ic diso de s (22%), pe ina al hypoxia
(14%), and pos -in ec ious sequelae o meningi is and measles (12%). Exposu e o o o oxic d ugs
accoun ed o 7% o cases, while en i onmen al noise exposu e con ibu ed o 5%. Only 31% o
child en had unde gone hea ing sc eening be o e he age o 6 mon hs, highligh ing he
insu iciency o ea ly de ec ion p og ams. Ea ly diagnosis wi hin he i s yea o li e was s ongly
co ela ed wi h be e speech de elopmen ou comes and educed educa ional delay. Child en
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diagnosed a e he age o wo exhibi ed ma kedly poo e communica ion abili ies and social
in e ac ion skills.
Discussion: The indings con i m ha p e en able and ea able causes such as o i is
media, in ec ions, and pe ina al complica ions emain majo con ibu o s o childhood hea ing loss
in he Sama kand egion. The low a e o neona al sc eening indica es a c i ical gap in ea ly
iden i ica ion and in e en ion. Uni e sal newbo n hea ing sc eening (UNHS), combined wi h
egula pedia ic audi o y moni o ing, could signi ican ly educe he p e alence o pe manen
hea ing impai men . Gene ic counseling and public heal h educa ion o pa en s, pa icula ly
ega ding o o oxic d ug use and p ena al ca e, a e essen ial p e en i e s a egies. Fu he mo e,
in eg a ion o o ola yngological assessmen in o ou ine pedia ic checkups and he expansion o
school-based hea ing p og ams would allow ea lie de ec ion o mild o p og essi e o ms o
hea ing loss ha o en emain unno iced un il hey cause lea ning di icul ies. S eng hening
collabo a ion be ween pedia icians, audiologis s, and educa o s is c ucial o ensu ing imely
diagnosis and ehabili a ion.
Conclusion: Hea ing loss in child en is a mul i ac o ial condi ion wi h p o ound
de elopmen al and social consequences i le undiagnosed o un ea ed. The s udy demons a es
ha ch onic middle ea in ec ions, pe ina al hypoxia, and gene ic diso de s a e he mos equen
e iologies, wi h a signi ican p opo ion o cases being p e en able. Ea ly de ec ion h ough
uni e sal neona al sc eening, imp o ed access o audiological se ices, and pa en al educa ion a e
i al o educing he incidence and impac o hea ing impai men in childhood. Es ablishing a
na ional sc eening p og am, enhancing p ima y heal hca e awa eness, and p omo ing ea ly
ehabili a i e in e en ions such as hea ing aids and cochlea implan s can d ama ically imp o e
quali y o li e and de elopmen al ou comes o a ec ed child en. S eng hening p e en i e
measu es and heal h educa ion will ul ima ely dec ease he bu den o childhood hea ing loss in
Uzbekis an and con ibu e o heal hie , mo e communica i e gene a ions.
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