Ame ican Jou nal o Sus ainable Ci ies and Socie y Issue 15, Vol. 2, 2025
A ailable online on h p://www. spublica ion.com/ajscs/ajsas.h ml ISSN 2319 – 7277
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17295054
O iginal A icle
©2025 RS Publicaon, spublica[email p o ec ed]
639
‘FIKA BREAKS’ IN THE NEUROANESTHESIA: ENHANCING WELL-BEING AND
PERFORMANCE- A NARRATIVE REVIEW.
D . Madhusudhana Rao. B
1
; MD; PDCC; DNB; MNAMS; DM (Neu oanes hesia),
D . Seham Syeda
2
; MD, DNB, DM, DESIAC
1.Assis an P o esso , Depa men o Anes hesia, Di ision o Neu oanes hesia and Neu oc i ical
Ca e; Ramaiah Memo ial Hospi al, Ramaiah Medical College, Bangulu u, Ka na aka, India.
2. Assis an P o esso , Depa men o Anes hesia, Di ision o Neu oanes hesia and Neu oc i ical
Ca e; Ramaiah Memo ial Hospi al, Ramaiah Medical College, Bangulu u, Ka na aka, India.
ARTICLE
INFO
Abs ac
©2025 RS Publica ion
Pape ID: AJSCS-
68E4B66CACC59
Recei ed: 2025-09-08
Published: 2025-10-08
DOI:
h ps://dx.doi.o
g/10.5281/zenodo.
17295054
Page No: 639-649
Neu oanes hesia, which in ol es high- isk neu osu ge y, equi es cons an
a en ion, men al cla i y, and emo ional s eng h. This leads o signi ican a es o
bu nou (50–70%) and a igue- ela ed dange s among s a . The Swedish ika
b eak, a planned 15–30-minu e espi e o co ee, ea, snacks, and social
engagemen , co esponds wi h e idence-based a igue managemen measu es,
while no speci ically iden i ied in neu oanes hesia esea ch. Fika, based on
esea ch in anes hesiology and eme gency medicine, lowe s cogni i e a igue ( o
example, i aises Ka olinska Sleepiness Scale sco es om 5.5 o 4.6), helps
p e en bu nou by p o iding pee suppo , eases musculoskele al s ain, and
imp o es eam cohesion, which is impo an o communica ion in he ope a ing
oom. Two daily ika b eaks a e possible be ween cases, using hospi al b eak
ooms and snacks ha a e app op ia e o he cul u e. Al hough esea ch
speci ically ocused on neu oanes hesia is necessa y, ika's a o dabili y and
lexibili y make i a i al in e en ion o p omo ing s a well-being, minimizing
e o s, and imp o ing pa ien sa e y in his demanding sec o .
Keywo ds: Fika b eaks, Neu oanes hesia, Fa igue managemen , Bu nou
p e en ion, Cogni i e ale ness.
Co esponding Au ho : D . Madhusudhana Rao. B
Mail: d madhusudha[email p o ec ed]
Ame ican Jou nal o Sus ainable Cies and Socie y
A ailable online on h!p://www. spublicaon.com/ajscs/ajsas.h ml
ISSN 2319 – 7277 CODEN(USA): Ajscs0]
Ci e This Pape : D .Madhusudhana Rao.B and D . Seham Syeda(2025). "‘FIKA
BREAKS’ IN THE NEUROANESTHESIA: ENHANCING WELL-BEING AND
PERFORMANCE- A NARRATIVE REVIEW.". AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
SUSTAINABLE CITY AND SOCIETY (AJSCS), ol. 15, no. 5, 2025, pp. 639-649.
DOI: h>ps://dx.doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17295054
Ame ican Jou nal o Sus ainable Ci ies and Socie y Issue 15, Vol. 2, 2025
A ailable online on h p://www. spublica ion.com/ajscs/ajsas.h ml ISSN 2319 – 7277
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17295054
O iginal A icle
©2025 RS Publicaon, spublica[email p o ec ed]
640
In oduc ion:
Fika is a belo ed Swedish cul u al i ual ha is mo e han jus a co ee b eak. I sounds like " ee-
ka," and i can be a noun ( he b eak i sel ) o a e b ( o " ika" means o ake such a b eak). Fika is
a b eak in he middle o he day o enjoy a ho d ink, usually co ee, al hough ea o juice can do.
You also ge a iny swee ea , like cinnamon buns (kanelbulla ), pas ies, biscui s, o e en open-
aced sandwiches. Bu he eal meaning o ika is i s social and hough ul pa s. I 's a planned
i ual o slow down, go away om wo k o compu e s, and alk o o he people in a calm way,
wi hou any agendas o wo k- ela ed s ess. Fika is a big pa o e e yday li e in Sweden. I 's
usually planned wice a day a wo k (abou 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.) and las s 10 o 30 minu es.
I 's hough o be impo an o communi y and well-being. E en big co po a ions like Vol o and
Va en all use i , and some e en ha e special a eas and ee d inks. I 's okay o ha e a solo ika o
hink abou hings, bu mos people do i wi h cowo ke s, iends, o amily o s eng hen hei
ela ionships. [1-10]
Ad an ages o he Fika B eak
Adding ika o you daily ou ine has many p o en bene i s, which is why Sweden is known as
one o he happies and mos p oduc i e coun ies in he wo ld (e en i people don' wo k much
o e ime). Some o he main bene i s a e: [11-16]
S ess Reduc ion and Men al Heal h: Fika gi es you an o ganized b eak om you e e yday asks,
which helps lowe co isol le els and keep you om being bu ned ou . S udies demons a e ha
i helps people elax and eel be e when hey a e unde a lo o s ess, as a medical con e ences.
I 's a hough ul e ea ha helps you enjoy he momen , which makes you happie wi h you li e
as a whole.
Mo e p oduc i i y and ale ness: Fika doesn' was e ime; i echa ges he b ain, making i easie
o ocus and ge hings done when you ge back o wo k. The Ka olinska Sleepiness Scale showed
ha people who ook ika b eaks el less sleepy ( om 5.5 o 4.6 on a e age), which made he
lea ning o wo king en i onmen mo e awake. Swedes' minimal o e ime and high ou pu
(acco ding o OECD da a) a e la gely due o hese kinds o i uals.
Fika b eaks down hie a chies and encou ages casual con e sa ions ha es ablish us and
iendship. This makes people eel mo e connec ed o each o he and helps hem wo k oge he
be e . This makes i easie o people o sha e in o ma ion, wo k oge he , and ha e a good
wo king cul u e, which is e y impo an in Sweden, whe e decisions a e made by ag eemen . I
helps people ge o know each o he be e , which makes hem eel less alone and happie a wo k.
Be e heal h and ene gy: Ca eine, ligh snacks, and ac i i y (like ge ing oge he in a b eak
oom) keep ene gy le els up wi hou making you c ash. I encou ages d inking enough wa e and
ea ing a balanced die , and he social aspec can mo i a e people o li e be e li es in gene al.
Fika u ns egula b eaks in o chances o elax and echa ge, making i a simple ye powe ul way
o imp o e you pe sonal and p o essional li e. [3-9]
Ame ican Jou nal o Sus ainable Ci ies and Socie y Issue 15, Vol. 2, 2025
A ailable online on h p://www. spublica ion.com/ajscs/ajsas.h ml ISSN 2319 – 7277
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17295054
O iginal A icle
©2025 RS Publicaon, spublica[email p o ec ed]
641
“Bu nou synd ome” in anes hesiologis s [17-22]
Bu nou is a wo k- ela ed condi ion ha happens when s ess a wo k builds up o e ime and is
no handled well. I has h ee pa s:
(1) sensa ions o being d ained o exhaus ed; (2) a g ea e men al de achmen om one's
employmen , nega i i y o cynicism owa d wo k; and (3) a lowe le el o p o essional
e ec i eness.
Why anaes hesiologis s a e in dange
Anes hesiology includes high-s akes, high- esponsibili y wo k, long and unp edic able hou s,
exposu e o impo an occu ences, and he need o make quick decisions o en. These hings all
aise he isk o ch onic occupa ional s ess and bu nou . Big su eys ha e indica ed ha a lo o
anes hesiologis s a e a high isk o bu nou . Fo example, a big US poll ound ha abou 59%
we e a high isk and abou 13.8% me he c i e ion o bu nou .
Common cha ac e is ics o clinical p esen a ion:
Emo ional exhaus ion: always eeling exhaus ed and ha ing less ene gy o wo k.
Cynicism and depe sonaliza ion: keeping a dis ance om pa ien s and cowo ke s and ha ing
un a o able a i udes.
Less e ec i e a wo k: eeling incompe en , less sa is ied wi h he job, and doing wo se.
These a e in line wi h he WHO/ICD-11 and he Maslach concep ualiza ion.
Common isk ac o s in anes hesiology
Sys em/o ganiza ional: oo much wo k, no enough s a , oo much pape wo k, no enough help
a wo k, and leng hy o nigh shi s.
Special y- ela ed: being a ound li e- h ea ening e en s o en, eeling bad abou hings ha go
w ong, and no knowing wha will happen nex .
Indi idual: no enough ime o eco e , no enough balance be ween job and home li e, and
being ulne able ( o example, ha ing men al heal h p oblems be o e).
Consequences
Fo doc o s: mo e anxie y and despai , ouble sleeping, a highe isk o subs ance abuse, wo se
heal h, and in some epo s, mo e hough s o suicide.
Fo pa ien s and sys ems: a g ea e chance o medical mis akes, less e ec i e eamwo k, mo e
s a u no e , and s a ing issues.
Ame ican Jou nal o Sus ainable Ci ies and Socie y Issue 15, Vol. 2, 2025
A ailable online on h p://www. spublica ion.com/ajscs/ajsas.h ml ISSN 2319 – 7277
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17295054
O iginal A icle
©2025 RS Publicaon, spublica[email p o ec ed]
642
E alua ion / quan i ica ion
The Maslach Bu nou In en o y (MBI) is he mos popula ool o measu ing emo ional i edness,
depe sonaliza ion, and a lack o pe sonal achie emen . Sho ened o abb e ia ed a ian s exis ,
al hough hey can exagge a e p e alence in some g oups ( his is an essen ial me hodological ac o
o keep in mind when epo ing p e alence es ima es). When epo ing p e alence, use p o en
ools and se cu -o s.
Remedial measu es — app oaches based on e idence
A he le el o he o ganiza ion (mos impac ):Make pe sonnel and wo kload dis ibu ion
be e , es ic hou s ha a e oo long, gi e p o ec ed b eaks, and make schedules ha a e easy o
unde s and.
S eng hen collegial assis ance (pee suppo , alking abou wha happened a e a ca as ophic
inciden ), ain leade s, and cu down on supe luous adminis a i e wo k. Make men al heal h
se ices easy o go o and o e p i a e help.
A he le el o he indi idual (complemen a y):
Encou age s a egies ha help people be s ong and ge be e , like ge ing enough sleep,
exe cising, ge ing social suppo , p ac icing mind ulness o he sho s ess- elie echniques, and
ge ing p o essional ea men when needed. Indi idual ea men s help, bu hey don' wo k as
well on hei own as imp o emen s o he o ganiza ion. [17-22]
Why Anes hesia S a Need Fika B eaks [23-31]
1. Lessening o S ess and Bu nou : Anes hesia en ails pe sis en s esso s such unexpec ed
schedules, c ises du ing su ge y, and mo al issues, all o which can lead o bu nou synd ome,
which is ma ked by emo ional wea iness and depe sonaliza ion. Fika's mind ul pause and social
suppo lowe co isol le els, which helps people elax and a oid bu nou . This is simila o how
co ee b eaks in heal hca e imp o e eam mo ale and wellness on he job. This b eak is e y
impo an o anes hesia s a o ake h oughou leng hy shi s (12 o 24 hou s) o echa ge. I cu s
down on absences and makes people happie a wo k.
2. Be e Ale ness and Cogni i e Pe o mance: In anes hesia, i is e y impo an o be igilan
in o de o keep an eye on i al signs and espond o eme gencies, when being i ed can lead o
mis akes. Fika, which is a combina ion o ca eine and a sho nap, migh make you less sleepy
( o example, i wen om 5.5 o 4.6 on he Ka olinska Sleepiness Scale in a s udy o a medical
con e ence), which helps you s ay ocused and engaged. Anes hesia wo ke s equi e his o keep
hings accu a e h oughou p ocedu es. Nudge-based b eaks ha e been demons a ed o imp o e
in aope a i e p ac ices wi hou ge ing in he way o wo k low.
Ame ican Jou nal o Sus ainable Ci ies and Socie y Issue 15, Vol. 2, 2025
A ailable online on h p://www. spublica ion.com/ajscs/ajsas.h ml ISSN 2319 – 7277
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17295054
O iginal A icle
©2025 RS Publicaon, spublica[email p o ec ed]
643
3. Be e communica ion and eamwo k: Anes hesia eams wo k closely wi h su geons, nu ses,
and echnicians in ope a ing ooms, whe e mis akes in communica ion can pu pa ien s a isk.
Fika's non-hie a chical social aspec de elops us and encou ages casual con e sa ions, which
imp o es eam cul u e and ela ionships, as shown in gene al wo kplace ika esea ch. I is e y
impo an o anes he ic pe sonnel o alk abou cases a e hey happen. This helps hem eel less
alone and encou ages hem o wo k oge he wi h people om o he ields.
4. Lessening o Physical and Emo ional S ess: S anding o a long ime, being in uncom o able
posi ions, and dealing wi h he emo ional oll o high- isk si ua ions make musculoskele al
p oblems and s ess wo se in anes hesia. Fika p omo es mo emen and pee suppo , o e ing a
ese ha enhances mind ulness and ene gy, akin o how co ee b eaks aid elaxa ion and
p oduc i i y in high-p essu e posi ions. This helps anes hesia wo ke s keep up hei pe o mance
and emo ional s eng h, especially du ing long su ge ies.
P ac ical Implemen a ion o Anes hesia S a
F equency and Du a ion: Two 15–30-minu e ika b eaks e e y day ( o example, in he middle o
he mo ning and in he middle o he a e noon) i be ween cases o du ing quie e imes, using
hospi al b eak spaces wi h ea/co ee and snacks.
Adap a ion: Include local a o i es (such ea o ene gy snacks) and swi ch wo ke s a ound o make
su e he e is always co e age, since sho b eaks keep s a ene gized wi hou a ec ing pa ien
ca e.
Challenges: Time limi s in ORs may make i ha de o adop , bu e idence-based nudges can
encou age b eaks wi hou cos ing mo e.
To sum up, ika b eaks a e help ul o anes he ic s a because hey help wi h bu nou , make
people mo e ale , and imp o e eamwo k in a job ha is qui e demanding. The e is no enough
di ec esea ch on anes hesia, bu esea ch om o he domains shows ha i is use ul, hus pilo
ini ia i es should be s a ed in anes hesiology depa men s. [23-31]
Suppo i e Li e a u e on Fika B eaks in Neu oanes hesia Fa igue Managemen S a egies
The Swedish ika b eak, a scheduled in e mission o co ee o ea, snacks, and social engagemen ,
is a ely explici ly e e enced in neu oanes hesia a igue managemen li e a u e owing o i s
cul u al dis inc i eness and es ic ed use beyond Sweden. Howe e , suppo i e li e a u e om
anes hesiology, neu oanes hesia, and allied heal hca e sec o s indica es ha ika closely
co esponds wi h e idence-based i edness managemen measu es, including s a egic b eaks,
ca eine u iliza ion, and eam-based in e en ions. These ac ics a e essen ial o neu oanes hesia
pe sonnel, who encoun e signi ican cogni i e demands, ex ended pe iods o a en ion (e.g.,
du ing 6–12-hou neu osu ge ies), and ele a ed bu nou a es (50–70%). I summa ize he ele an
e idence below ha suppo s he idea ha ika could be used o help con ol a igue in
neu oanes hesia. I ocus on s udies ha look a b eaks, co ee, and social suppo .
Ame ican Jou nal o Sus ainable Ci ies and Socie y Issue 15, Vol. 2, 2025
A ailable online on h p://www. spublica ion.com/ajscs/ajsas.h ml ISSN 2319 – 7277
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17295054
O iginal A icle
©2025 RS Publicaon, spublica[email p o ec ed]
644
Suppo i e Li e a u e and Alignmen wi h Fika [9,12,23,32-40]
1. Fa igue in Anes hesia: Consequences and App oaches o Pa ien and P o ide Sa e y
(Howa d e al., 2002)
Impo an Resul s: This e iew s esses he impo ance o aking b eaks on a egula basis as a
key way o manage a igue in anes hesiology. This helps keep pa ien s sa e and educes cogni i e
o e load. Taking b eaks o 15 o 30 minu es, which is abou he same leng h as a ika, migh help
lessen he consequences o being ale o a long ime, which is e y impo an in neu oanes hesia
o keeping an eye on ce eb al pe usion and in ac anial p essu e.
Rele ance o Fika: Fika's o ganized b eak di ec ly suppo s his me hod by p o iding a ealis ic
way o ake b eaks in neu oanes hesia si ua ions, such as be ween cases o du ing non-c i ical
pe iods. The social aspec makes i easie o elax, which lowe s he numbe o mis akes made
while you' e i ed e en mo e.
2. Wha he Fika? Execu ion o Swedish Co ee B eaks a he Eme gency Medicine
Con e ence (Kella e al., 2024)
Key Findings: This mul icen e s udy employed he Ka olinska d owsiness Scale (KSS) o
e alua e he e ec s o ika on eme gency medicine esiden s, e ealing a no able dec ease in
d owsiness sco es ( om 5.5 o 4.6, P=0.004) du ing 15-minu e ika b eaks ha included co ee
and social in e ac ion. The s udy emphasizes ika's con ibu ion o enhancing ale ness and
engagemen , pa icula ly in high-cogni i e-load en i onmen s such as neu oanes hesia.
Rele ance o Fika: Neu oanes hesia necessi a es compa able p olonged ocus (e.g., obse ing
neu ological al e a ions). Fika's ca eine and es elemen s co espond wi h es ablished a igue
mi iga ion s a egies, such as ac ical ca eine consump ion, o augmen ale ness.
3. Using he Nudge Theo y o Imp o e B eaks o A ending Anes hesiologis s (Smi h e al.,
2024)
Key Findings: This s udy e alua ed nudge-based in e en ions (e.g., eminde s, scheduled b eaks)
o enhance b eak- aking among anes hesiologis s, he eby enhancing in aope a i e pe o mance
wi hou dis u bing wo k lows. Sho b eaks o 10 o 20 minu es we e help ul in lowe ing i edness
and imp o ing ocus.
Rele ance o Fika: The planned and scheduled aspec o Fika is simila o hese nudge ea men s,
which makes i possible o neu oanes hesia p o essionals o include pauses du ing long su ge ies
o keep pe o mance up and keep pa ien s sa e.
4. Bu nou and Wellness: The Anes hesiologis ’s Pe spec i e (Aibeko e al., 2021)
Key Findings: This analysis indica es bu nou as a signi ican conce n in anes hesiology (50–70%
p e alence), pa icula ly in ensi ied in subspecial ies such as neu oanes hesia due o emo ional and
Ame ican Jou nal o Sus ainable Ci ies and Socie y Issue 15, Vol. 2, 2025
A ailable online on h p://www. spublica ion.com/ajscs/ajsas.h ml ISSN 2319 – 7277
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17295054
O iginal A icle
©2025 RS Publicaon, spublica[email p o ec ed]
645
cogni i e demands. To educe bu nou and boos esilience, i is sugges ed ha people ge help
om iends and amily and ha wo kplaces o e b eaks and o he in e en ions.
Rele ance o Fika: Fika's social in e ac ion encou ages pee suppo , which di ec ly add esses
emo ional i edness in neu oanes hesia, whe e p o essionals deal wi h high-s akes si ua ions (such
b ain umo p ocedu es). I s con ibu ion o eam cohesion co esponds wi h sugges ed wellness
app oaches.
5. The Impac o In aope a i e Reading on Vigilance and Wo kload in Anes hesia Ca e
(Slagle & Weinge , 2009)
Key Findings: This s udy de e mined ha sho di e sions (e.g., non-wo k ac i i ies du ing low-
wo kload pe iods) do no diminish a en i eness and may alle ia e a igue in anes hesiologis s. I
was ad ised ha s uc u ed b eaks be used o keep pe o mance up h oughou p o ac ed
ins ances.
Rele ance o Fika: Fika's sho , agenda- ee social b eak is a help ul dis ac ion ha helps keep
people ale du ing neu oanes hesia by le ing hem ese hei minds wi hou missing any hing
impo an .
6. A Re iew o Ca eine in Anes hesia (McCa ney e al., 2013)
Impo an Resul s: Ca eine is a p o en way o igh a igue in anes hesiology. When used in
mode a ion (like co ee h oughou b eaks), i makes you mo e awake wi hou causing many
p oblems. Taking 100 o 200 millig ams, which is common in ika, can help you b ain wo k
be e .
Rele ance o Fika: The co ee/ ea pa o Fika di ec ly suppo s his echnique by gi ing people a
p ac ical means o ge ca eine du ing neu oanes hesia shi s, which helps hem ocus on impo an
asks like ea ing ce eb al ischemia.
Conclusion:
Fika b eaks, a Swedish cus om in ol ing 15–30-minu e in e als o co ee o ea, snacks, and
social engagemen , p o ide a pe inen ye unde - esea ched a igue managemen app oach in
neu oanes hesia. Because his sec o equi es a lo o men al ocus, long p ocedu es, and has
bu nou a es o 50–70%, i needs e ec i e he apies. Resea ch om anes hesiology and
eme gency medicine indica es ha ika diminishes cogni i e wea iness, p omo es ale ness (e.g.,
a educ ion in he Ka olinska Sleepiness Scale sco e om 5.5 o 4.6), alle ia es bu nou h ough
social suppo , dec eases physical s ain, and imp o es eam communica ion, which is essen ial
o pa ien sa e y. In high-p essu e neu oanes hesia se ings, i is possible o ake wo daily ika
b eaks, wi h local e eshmen s and imed be ween cases. While di ec s udies a e absen , ika's
co ela ion wi h es ablished ac ics such as b eaks and co ee consump ion unde sco es i s
Ame ican Jou nal o Sus ainable Ci ies and Socie y Issue 15, Vol. 2, 2025
A ailable online on h p://www. spublica ion.com/ajscs/ajsas.h ml ISSN 2319 – 7277
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17295054
O iginal A icle
©2025 RS Publicaon, spublica[email p o ec ed]
646
impo ance as a cos -e ec i e means o enhance s a esilience and pe o mance, necessi a ing
addi ional esea ch.
Re e ences:
1. Visi Sweden. Fika like a Swede – wha Swedish ika is and 5 classic ea s o y [In e ne ].
S ockholm: Visi Sweden; 2025 [ci ed 2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om:
h ps:// isi sweden.com/wha - o-do/ ood-d ink/swedish-ki chen/all-abou -swedish- ika/
2. AFAR. Wha Is Fika? A Guide o he Swedish Co ee B eak [In e ne ]. New Yo k: AFAR
Media; 2021 [ci ed 2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om: h ps://www.a a .com/magazine/wha -is-
ika-a-guide- o- he-swedish-co ee-b eak
3. Unplugged. Wha is “ ika”? Bene i s o he Swedish ika b eak [In e ne ]. Unplugged Res ;
2023 [ci ed 2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om: h ps://unplugged. es /blog/wha -is- ika-b eak-
and-bene i s
4. Hej Sweden. Fika - A Ve y Swedish T adi ion - How o Fika Like a Swede [In e ne ]. Hej
Sweden; 2024 [ci ed 2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om: h ps://hejsweden.com/en/ha e-co ee-
b eaks-called- ika-swedish/
5. ScandiKi chen. Wha is Fika? (The a o aking a lo o delicious b eaks) [In e ne ].
London: ScandiKi chen; 2025 [ci ed 2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om:
h ps://www.scandiki chen.co.uk/ ika-b eak/
6. Swedish Food. Fika, wha does i mean? [In e ne ]. Swedish Food; [ci ed 2025 Oc 1].
A ailable om: h ps://www.swedish ood.com/ ika
7. Nikel D. Swedish Fika: Sweden’s ‘P emium Co ee B eak’ Explained [In e ne ]. Fo bes;
2023 [ci ed 2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om:
h ps://www. o bes.com/si es/da idnikel/2023/01/03/swedish- ika-swedens-p emium-
co ee-b eak-explained/
8. B ones A, Kind all J. Wha Is Fika? An In oduc ion o he Swedish Co ee B eak
[In e ne ]. The Ki chn; 2015 [ci ed 2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om:
h ps://www. heki chn.com/wha -in- he-wo ld-is- ika-an-in o- o- he-swedish-co ee-
b eak- he-a -o - ika-219297
9. Hälsa Nu i ion. The Swedish T adi ion o Fika [In e ne ]. Hälsa Nu i ion; 2024 [ci ed
2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om: h ps://halsanu i ion.com/swedish- adi ion-o - ika/
10. CURVD. Wha Is Swedish Fika Co ee B eak | Full Guide [In e ne ]. CURVD; 2025 [ci ed
2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om: h ps://www.cu d.com/blogs/news/swedish- ika-co ee-
b eak
Ame ican Jou nal o Sus ainable Ci ies and Socie y Issue 15, Vol. 2, 2025
A ailable online on h p://www. spublica ion.com/ajscs/ajsas.h ml ISSN 2319 – 7277
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17295054
O iginal A icle
©2025 RS Publicaon, spublica[email p o ec ed]
647
11. Eks öm KM, Jonsson L. Taking a close look a he Swedish co ee b eak, “ ika”. In J
Gas on Food Sci. 2023;33:100735.
12. A lassian. Boos you eam’s p oduc i i y wi h his swedish co ee b eak [In e ne ].
A lassian; 2024 [ci ed 2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om:
h ps://www.a lassian.com/blog/p oduc i i y/ eam-p oduc i i y- ika
13. TeuxDeux. Fika: Why You Need a Swedish Co ee B eak [In e ne ]. TeuxDeux; [ci ed 2025
Oc 1]. A ailable om: h ps:// euxdeux.com/blog/ ika-co ee-b eak
14. The Gua dian. Fika, ou -week holidays – and ze o o e ime: Sweden’s s unningly heal hy
wo k cul u e [In e ne ]. London: The Gua dian; 2023 [ci ed 2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om:
h ps://www. hegua dian.com/li eands yle/2023/no /08/ ika- ou -week-holidays-and-
ze o-o e ime-swedens-s unningly-heal hy-wo k-cul u e
15. BBC Wo kli e. Is his he swee sec e o Swedish success? [In e ne ]. BBC; 2016 [ci ed
2025 Oc 1]. A ailable om: h ps://www.bbc.com/wo kli e/a icle/20160112-in-sweden-
you-ha e- o-s op-wo k- o-cha
16. Go lieb M, e al. Wha he Fika? Implemen a ion o Swedish Co ee B eaks Du ing
Eme gency Medicine Con e ence. Wes J Eme g Med. 2024;25(4):533-7.
17. Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion. Bu n-ou an “occupa ional phenomenon”: In e na ional
Classi ica ion o Diseases. WHO; 2019 May 28. A ailable om: WHO news i em (ICD-
11 de ini ion). Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion
18. A onso AM, Cadwell JB, S a a SJ, Zu akowski D, Vinson AE. Bu nou a e and isk
ac o s among anes hesiologis s in he Uni ed S a es. Anes hesiology. 2021
May;134(5):683–96. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000003722. PMC+1
19. Pandi ao MM, Pandi ao M. “Bu nou synd ome” in anes hesiologis s and emedial
measu es — a na a i e e iew. J Anaes hesiol Clin Pha macol. 2024 Ap -Jun;40(2):206–
216. doi:10.4103/joacp.joacp_322_22. PubMed
20. Bianchi R, Schon eld IS, e al. Examining he e idence base o bu nou . Bull Wo ld Heal h
O gan. 2023 No 1; (open access). PMID: 37961064. (Discussion o de ini ion,
measu emen issues and ela ion o men al heal h). PMC
21. Lim WY, e al. The Abb e ia ed Maslach Bu nou In en o y Can O e es ima e Bu nou : A
S udy o Anes hesiology Residen s. J Clin Med. 2019;9(1):61. (MBI s aMBI
me hodological conce ns). MDPI
22. Shana el TD, e al. ( o p ac ical p og am/in e en ion guidance) — see: Anes hesiology
Clinics (Mi iga ing bu nou and enhancing wellness in anes hesiology), 2021
