ISSN:
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2025
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«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
186
FIRST MEDICAL AID IN FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS
Kasimo K.A.
Candida e o Medical Sciences.
Rezyapo a D.R.
Uma o a X.M.
Al aganus Uni e si y non-go e nmen al o ganiza ion highe educa ion,
Tashken , Uzbekis an.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17329390
Anno a ion. This e iew a icle discusses he clinical p esen a ion, diagnosis, i s
medical aid, and ea men o ac u es and disloca ions. These inju ies a e among he mos
common causes o disabili y and equi e apid and e ec i e i s aid o p e en complica ions.
The pape highligh s he mechanisms o inju y, classi ica ion, signs and symp oms, and
diagnos ic me hods. I also emphasizes he impo ance o immobiliza ion, pain managemen , and
imely anspo a ion o a medical acili y. P ope i s aid and ea ly medical in e en ion
signi ican ly educe he isk o long- e m complica ions and imp o e unc ional eco e y.
Keywo ds: ac u e, disloca ion, i s aid, diagnosis, immobiliza ion, auma, ea men ,
bone inju y, eme gency ca e.
ПЕРВАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ПОМОЩЬ ПРИ ПЕРЕЛОМАХ И ВЫВИХАХ
Аннотация. В данной обзорной статье рассматриваются клиническая картина,
диагностика, первая медицинская помощь и лечение переломов и вывихов. Эти травмы
являются одной из наиболее частых причин инвалидности и требуют быстрого и
эффективного оказания первой помощи для предотвращения осложнений. В статье
освещаются механизмы травмы, классификация, признаки и симптомы, а также
методы диагностики. Также подчеркивается важность иммобилизации, обезболивания и
своевременной транспортировки в медицинское учреждение. Правильная первая помощь и
раннее медицинское вмешательство значительно снижают риск развития долгосрочных
осложнений и ускоряют восстановление функций.
Ключевые слова: перелом, вывих, первая помощь, диагностика, иммобилизация,
травма, лечение, повреждение кости, неотложная помощь.
In oduc ion
F ac u es and disloca ions a e among he mos equen inju ies encoun e ed in auma
medicine. They can occu as a esul o di ec o indi ec mechanical o ces such as alls, oad
a ic acciden s, o spo s inju ies.
The main objec i e o i s medical aid is o p e en u he damage, alle ia e pain, and
ensu e p ope anspo o he inju ed pe son o a heal hca e acili y.
Timely and adequa e i s aid plays a decisi e ole in he p ognosis and unc ional
ou come o he inju ed limb. This a icle p o ides an o e iew o he clinical signs, diagnosis,
eme gency managemen , and ea men p inciples o ac u es and disloca ions.
Ana omy and Mechanism o Inju y
A ac u e is a comple e o pa ial b eak in he con inui y o a bone caused by auma o
pa hological p ocesses ha weaken bone issue.
ISSN:
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In e na ional scien i ic jou nal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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A disloca ion e e s o he displacemen o he a icula su aces o bones o ming a join ,
leading o loss o join cong uence and unc ion.
Common mechanisms o inju y include:
• Di ec auma: impac o blow a he si e o inju y;
• Indi ec auma: all on an ou s e ched a m causing ac u e o he cla icle o adius;
• Muscula con ac ion: sudden muscle pull du ing seizu e o elec ic shock;
• Pa hological ac u e: bone b eak due o disease (os eopo osis, umo ).
Clinical Fea u es
1. F ac u es:
Typical signs include:
• In ense pain a he si e o inju y;
• De o mi y o he limb;
• Abno mal mobili y and c epi us;
• Swelling, b uising, and hema oma;
• Func ional impai men and inabili y o mo e he limb;
• Sho ening o abno mal posi ion o he limb.
2. Disloca ions:
Cha ac e is ic ea u es include:
• Se e e pain and limi ed ange o mo ion;
• Visible de o mi y o he join ;
• Fixed abno mal posi ion o he limb;
• Absence o no mal join con ou ;
• Possible comp ession o ne es and essels, leading o numbness o loss o pulse.
3. Diagnosis
Diagnosis o ac u es and disloca ions is based on:
1. Clinical examina ion – inspec ion, palpa ion, and assessmen o limb unc ion;
2. Radiological examina ion – X- ay in a leas wo p ojec ions o con i m he diagnosis
and iden i y he ype and loca ion o he inju y;
3. Addi ional imaging – CT o MRI o complex join inju ies o in a-a icula ac u es;
4. Vascula and neu ological assessmen – o exclude damage o majo essels o ne es.
Ea ly and accu a e diagnosis de e mines he success o subsequen ea men .
Fi s Medical Aid
P ope i s aid o ac u es and disloca ions aims o p e en addi ional inju y, elie e
pain, and immobilize he a ec ed a ea.
The main s eps include:
1. Ensu e sa e y and calm he ic im.
2. S op bleeding (i p esen ) using p essu e bandage o ou nique .
3. Pain elie : adminis a ion o analgesics (ibup o en, pa ace amol) o cold applica ion.
4. Immobiliza ion:
• Use o splin s (imp o ised o medical) o ix he inju ed limb in a unc ional posi ion;
• Immobilize wo adjacen join s abo e and below he inju y si e;
• Do no a emp o ealign a de o mi y o eposi ion disloca ed join s.
ISSN:
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«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
188
5. Cold applica ion o educe swelling and pain.
6. T anspo a ion: ca e ully mo e he pa ien o a medical acili y, a oiding unnecessa y
mo emen o he inju ed limb.
In he case o open ac u es, co e he wound wi h a s e ile d essing be o e applying he
splin o p e en in ec ion.
T ea men
The de ini i e ea men o ac u es and disloca ions is ca ied ou in a hospi al and
includes:
1. F ac u e managemen :
• Closed educ ion – non-su gical ealignmen o bone agmen s;
• Open educ ion and in e nal ixa ion (ORIF) – su gical s abiliza ion using pla es,
sc ews, o ods;
• Immobiliza ion – plas e cas s, splin s, o o hopedic de ices;
• Physio he apy and ehabili a ion – o es o e muscle s eng h and join mobili y.
2. Disloca ion managemen :
• Closed educ ion unde anes hesia o seda ion;
• Immobiliza ion wi h bandage o splin o 2–3 weeks;
• Rehabili a ion exe cises a e immobiliza ion o p e en s i ness.
Complica ions
Possible complica ions include:
• Nonunion o malunion o ac u es;
• Join s i ness o con ac u e;
• Ne e o essel inju y;
• In ec ion (especially in open ac u es);
• Pos - auma ic a h i is (in disloca ions).
P e en ion o complica ions equi es ca e ul immobiliza ion, asep ic wound managemen ,
and ea ly unc ional he apy.
P e en ion and P ognosis
P e en i e measu es include:
• Use o p o ec i e gea du ing spo s and wo k;
• Fall p e en ion in he elde ly;
• T ea men o os eopo osis;
• Road a ic sa e y educa ion.
The p ognosis is a o able in mos cases wi h imely i s aid and p ope medical
managemen . Delay o imp ope handling can lead o long- e m unc ional impai men o
de o mi y.
Conclusion:
F ac u es and disloca ions a e se ious inju ies ha equi e immedia e and compe en i s
aid. P ope immobiliza ion, pain elie , and ca e ul anspo a ion a e c ucial o p e en
complica ions. Subsequen ea men , including educ ion, ixa ion, and ehabili a ion, ensu es
ull eco e y o limb unc ion and educes disabili y isk. Heal h educa ion and p e en i e
measu es play a i al ole in minimizing auma incidence.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
In e na ional scien i ic jou nal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
189
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