105
Mo phological and phylogene ic analyses e eal wo new species
o Rhodo e onaea (Rhampho iaceae, Rhampho iales) om China
Hong Zhang1,2,3 , Ting-Hong Tan4,5,6 , Jian Ma7,8
1 School o Food Enginee ing, Mou ai Ins i u e, Renhuai, Guizhou 564507, China
2 Guizhou Enginee ing Resea ch Cen e o Heal h-Func ional Liquo B ewing Technology, Mou ai Ins i u e, Renhuai, Guizhou 564507, China
3 Special Food Resou ces U iliza ion Talen Base o Mou ai Ins i u e, Mou ai Ins i u e, Renhuai, Guizhou 564507, China
4 School o Ag icul u e and Fo es y Enginee ing and Planning, Tong en Uni e si y, Tong en, Guizhou 554300, China
5 Guizhou P o incial Key Labo a o y o Biodi e si y Conse a ion and U iliza ion in he Fanjing Moun ain Region, Tong en Uni e si y, Tong en, Guizhou 554300, China
6 Cen e o Excellence in Fungal Resea ch, Mae Fah Luang Uni e si y, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
7 Guizhou Indus y Poly echnic College, Guiyang, Guizhou 550008, China
8 School o Food and Pha maceu ical Enginee ing, Guizhou Ins i u e o Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China
Co esponding au ho s: Ting-Hong Tan ([email p o ec ed]); Jian Ma ([email p o ec ed])
Copy igh : © Hong Zhang e al.
This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde
e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion
License (A ibu ion 4.0 In e na ional – CC BY 4.0).
Resea ch A icle
Abs ac
Du ing a ecen su ey o eshwa e ungi, ou isola es we e ob ained om decaying wood
in Chishui Ci y, Guizhou P o ince, sou he n China. Based on phylogene ic analyses o a com-
bined da ase (LSU, ITS, SSU, e 1-α, and pb2) and de ailed mo phological compa isons, wo
no el species, Rhodo e onaea aquisub opica and R. guizhouensis, a e in oduced. Comp e-
hensi e desc ip ions, illus a ions, and esul s o he phylogene ic analyses suppo ing he
axonomic placemen o hese new axa a e p o ided. Addi ionally, a checklis o cu en ly
accep ed Rhodo e onaea species suppo ed by molecula da a is included. No ably, R. aqui-
sub opica and R. guizhouensis ep esen he i s eco ds o Rhodo e onaea in he Chishui
Ri e Basin, he eby en iching he known di e si y o sub opical eshwa e habi a s.
Key wo ds: Asexual mo ph, phylogeny, So da iomyce es, axonomy, wo new species
In oduc ion
F eshwa e ungi ep esen a axonomically and ecologically di e se g oup o o -
ganisms ha a e widely dis ibu ed ac oss a ious geog aphical egions, pa ic-
ula ly in China (Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Yunnan) and no he n
Thailand (Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai) (Zhang e al. 2011; Hyde e al. 2016, 2021;
Su e al. 2016; Bao e al. 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023; Luo e al. 2019; Dong e
al. 2020, 2021a, b; F ya and Ca cheside 2023; F ya e al. 2023; Shen e al. 2024).
They play a c ucial ole in he decomposi ion o o ganic ma e and nu ien cy-
cling wi hin eshwa e ecosys ems (Luo e al. 2004; Hyde e al. 2016; Calabon
e al. 2022, 2023). These ungi ypically colonize ully o pa ially subme ged
woody subs a es in a a ie y o eshwa e habi a s, including ponds, lakes, i -
e s, s eams, and swamps, as well as a i icial en i onmen s such as pools, es-
e oi s, dams, d ainage di ches, and wa e -cooling owe s (Lu e al. 2018; Xiao e
al. 2023; Yang e al. 2023; Ma e al. 2024; Wang e al. 2024a, b; Xu e al. 2025).
Academic edi o : Xinlei Fan
Recei ed:
6 Augus 2025
Accep ed:
24 Sep embe 2025
Published:
10 Oc obe 2025
Ci a ion: Zhang H, Tan T-H, Ma
J (2025) Mo phological and
phylogene ic analyses e eal wo
new species o Rhodo e onaea
(Rhampho iaceae, Rhampho iales)
om China. MycoKeys 123:
105–119. h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/
mycokeys.123.167930
MycoKeys 123: 105–119 (2025)
DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.167930
106
MycoKeys 123: 105–119 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.167930
Hong Zhang e al.: In oduce wo new species
Rhodo e onaea was es ablished by A zanlou e al. (2007) wi h R. a iosep a a as
he ype species. Rhodo e onaea species a e p ima ily known om hei asexual
mo phs, which a e cha ac e ized by eddish-b own, sep a e, s aigh o lexuous co-
nidiopho es wi h in la ed basal cells, e minally in eg a ed conidiogenous cells wi h
c owded, sligh ly conspicuous conidium-bea ing den icles, pale b own, ellipsoidal
o obo oidal and sep a e conidia wi h a p o uding base and a ma ginal basal ill
(A zanlou e al. 2007; Réblo á 2009; Luo e al. 2019; C ous e al. 2021, 2023; Hyde
e al. 2023; Chen e al. 2024; Yang e al. 2025). The i s sexual mo ph cha ac e ized
by imme sed ascoma a wi h subglobose o conical en e bea ing conical neck,
ilamen ous, sep a e pa aphyses longe han asci, uni unica e, cylind ical asci wi h
long-s ipi a e and usi o m, sep a e, hyalina ascospo es (Réblo á 2009). Cu en ly,
eigh species a e accep ed wi hin he genus Rhodo e onaea, which occu in bo h
eshwa e and e es ial habi a s (Chen e al. 2024; Yang e al. 2025).
In his s udy, ou hyphomyce es isola es we e ob ained om eshwa e hab-
i a s in Chishui Ri e , Guizhou P o ince, China. Based on mo phological cha ac-
e is ics, illus a ions, and mul i-gene phylogene ic analyses, wo no el species
a e in oduced, namely, Rhodo e onaea aquisub opica and R. guizhouensis.
Ma e ials and me hods
Sample collec ion, examina ion, and isola ion
Samples o subme ged decaying wood pieces we e collec ed om he Chishui
Ri e , Chishui Ci y, Guizhou P o ince in sou he n China. Samples we e aken
o he labo a o y in plas ic bags wi h he collec ion de ails, including locali ies
and da es (Ra hnayaka e al. 2024). F esh specimens we e incuba ed in zip-
lock bags and s e ile, mois plas ic boxes a oom empe a u e o wo weeks.
The mic oscopic ea u es we e examined and pho og aphed using a s e eomi-
c oscope (SMZ-168, Nikon, Japan) and an ECLIPSE Ni compound mic oscope
(Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) wi h a Canon 90D digi al came a. Measu emen s we e
made using Ta oso (R) Image F ame Wo k so wa e. Pho o-pla es we e as-
sembled using Adobe Pho oshop CC 2019 (Adobe Sys ems, USA).
Single spo e isola ions we e pe o med on PDA pla es ollowing he me hods
desc ibed by Chomnun i e al. (2014) and Senanayake e al. (2020), and he ge -
mina ed conidia we e asep ically ans e ed o esh PDA pla es. Mo phological
cha ac e s o ungal mycelium, including colo , shape, and size, we e documen ed.
D ied ungal specimens we e deposi ed in he He ba ium o Guizhou Academy o
Ag icul u e Sciences (He b. GZAAS), Guiyang, China. Pu e cul u es we e deposi ed
in he Guizhou Cul u e Collec ion, China (GZCC), Guiyang, China. The MycoBank
numbe s we e ob ained as desc ibed in h ps://www.mycobank.o g/.
DNA ex ac ion, PCR ampli ica ion, and sequencing
F esh ungal mycelia we e sc aped om colonies g own on PDA pla es and
ans e ed o a 1.5 mL mic ocen i uge ube using a s e ilized lance o ge-
nomic DNA ex ac ion. Genomic DNA was ex ac ed using he Biospin Fungus
Genomic DNA Ex ac ion Ki (BioFlux, China). LR0R/LR5,ITS5/ITS4, NS1/NS4,
EF1-983F/EF1-2218R, and RPB2-5F/ RPB2-7cR we e employed o ampli y
la ge ibosomal subuni (LSU; Vilgalys and Hes e 1990), he in e nal ansc ibed
107
MycoKeys 123: 105–119 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.167930
Hong Zhang e al.: In oduce wo new species
space (ITS; Whi e e al. 1990), small subuni o he nuclea ibosomal DNA
(SSU, Rehne and Samuels 1994), ansla ion elonga ion ac o 1-α ( e 1-α; Reh-
ne and Buckley 2005), and RNA polyme ase II second la ges subuni ( pb2; Liu
e al. 1999) sequence agmen s, espec i ely. DNA p epa a ion was conduc ed
in a 50 μL mix u e, which included 2 μL o DNA, 2 μL o each o wa d and e e se
p ime , and 44 μL o 1.1 × T3 Suppe PCR Mix (Qingke Bio ech, Chongqing,
China). The condi ions o he polyme ase chain eac ion (PCR) co espond o
hose epo ed by Chen e al. (2024). The PCR p oduc s we e pu i ied and se-
quenced wi h he same p ime s a Beijing Tsingke Bio echnology Co., L d.
Phylogene ic analyses
The newly ob ained sequences we e checked and assembled using BioEdi
.7.0.5.3 (Hall 1999) and SeqMan .7.0.0 (DNASTAR, Madison, WI, USA; Swindell
and Plas e e 1997), espec i ely. The sequences inco po a ed in his s udy we e
downloaded om GenBank (Table 1; h ps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go /). Mul iple se-
quences we e aligned using MAFFT .7.473 (h ps://ma .cb c.jp/alignmen /se -
e /; Ka oh e al. 2019). The da ase was immed using imAl .1.2 e 59 so wa e
(Capella-Gu ié eze e al. 2009). A combined sequence da ase was c ea ed using
SequenceMa ix-Windows-1.7.8 so wa e (Vaidya e al. 2011).
Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis was ca ied ou using he IQ T ee on-
line websi e (h p://iq ee.cibi .uni ie.ac.a /) based on Bayesian In o ma ion
C i e ia (BIC) (Nguyen e al. 2015). The subs i u ion model was au oma ically
es ed by he se e . Bayesian In e ence (BI) analysis was pe o med by using
M Bayes on XSEDE (3.2.7a) ia CIPRES (S ama akis 2014). The aligned as a
ile was con e ed o he nexus o ma ile by using AliView (Daniel e al. 2010).
The bes - i e olu iona y model o indi idual da ase was de e mined using
M Model es . 2.3. 10 (Nylande e al. 2008). The GTR+G+I subs i u ion model
was selec ed o LSU, e 1-α, and pb2, whe eas he SYM+I+G and HKY+G mod-
els we e applied o ITS and SSU, espec i ely.The pos e io p obabili ies (BYPP)
we e de e mined based on Bayesian Ma ko chain Mon e Ca lo (BMCMC)
sampling (Huelsenbeck and Ronquis 2001). Fi e simul aneous Ma ko chains
we e un o 10,000,000 gene a ions, and ees we e sampled e e y 1,000 h gen-
e a ion. The bu n-in phase was se a 25%, and he emaining ees we e used
o calcula ing pos e io p obabili ies (BYPP).
T ees we e isualized using FigT ee .1.4.4 and edi ed wi h Adobe Illus a o
CC 2019 ( .23.1.0; Adobe Sys ems, USA).
Resul s
The phylogene ic placemen s o he ou new s ains we e de e mined by
mul i-locus phylogene ic analysis. The conca ena ed sequence ma ix com-
p ised 4,318 cha ac e s (LSU: 1–860,ITS: 861–1,402, SSU: 1,403–2,409, e 1-α:
2,410–3,309, and pb2: 3,310–4,318) ac oss 29 axa. Base equencies and
a es we e A = 0.251521, C = 0.250418, G = 0.274699, and T = 0.223362; subs i-
u ion a es we e AC = 1.428534, AG = 2.806428, AT = 1.229261, CG = 1.263192,
CT = 7.729689, and GT = 1.000000. The dis ibu ion shape pa ame e α equaled
0.144696. Fig. 1 p esen s he bes -sco ing ML ee, which had a inal log-likeli-
hood alue o -16,381.027.
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MycoKeys 123: 105–119 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.167930
Hong Zhang e al.: In oduce wo new species
Based on he mul i-gene phylogene ic ee (Fig. 1), ou collec ions ep esen
wo species o Rhodo e onaea wi hin he amily Rhampho iaceae. Ou isola es,
GZCC 24-0170 and GZCC 25-0635, g oup oge he and his clade o ms a dis-
inc lineage wi h Rhodo e onaea aqua ica (GZCC 20-0447 and MFLUCC 18-
1339) wi h 76% ML suppo . In addi ion, GZCC 25-0633 and GZCC 25-0634 o m
a clade oge he and a e sis e o Rhodo e onaea lignicola (GZCC 23-0624) wi h
92% ML and 1.00BYPP suppo .
Taxonomy
Rhodo e onaea aquisub opica H. Zhang & J. Ma, sp. no .
MycoBank No: 904169
Fig. 2
E ymology. “aqui-’’ e e s o aqua ic habi a o his ungus, and ‘‘-sub opica’’
means he clima e ype whe e he ungus was collec ed.
Holo ype. GZAAS 25-0665.
Table 1. Taxa used in his s udy and hei GenBank accession numbe s.
Taxon S ain GenBank Accessions
LSU ITS SSU e 1-α pb2
My mec idium schulze i CBS 100.54 EU041826 EU041769 ---
My mec idium so bicola CBS 143433TMH107948 MH107901 ---
Rhampho ia py i o mis CBS 139033 KT991665 KT991677 MG600406 -KT991656
Rhampho ia py i o mis CBS 139024 MG600397 MG600392 MG600405 -MG600401
Rhampho iopsis aquimic ospo a GZCC 20-0515TOP377911 OP377812 OP377996 OP472992 OP473085
Rhampho iopsis hyalospo a MFLU 19-2849TMN846342 MN846344 ---
Rhampho iopsis mu i o mis CBS 127683 MG600395 MG600389 MG600403 -MG600400
Rhampho iopsis mu i o mis CBS 131269TMG600396 -MG600404 -MG600399
Rhampho iopsis sympodialis HKAS 105172TMT079191 MT079187 ---
Rhodo e onaea aqua ica MFLUCC 18-1339TMK849785 MK828641 MK828310 MN194046 -
Rhodo e onaea aqua ica GZCC 20-0447 OP377947 OP377862 OP378027 OP473041 OP473107
Rhodo e onaea aquisub opica GZCC 25-0635TPX062375 PX062369 PX062379 PX072387 PX072391
Rhodo e onaea aquisub opica GZCC 24-0170 PX062376 PX062370 PX062380 PX072388 PX072392
Rhodo e onaea e e niae CBS 148309TOK663776 OK664737 - - OK651172
Rhodo e onaea guizhouensis GZCC 25-0633TPX062373 PX062367 PX062377 PX072385 PX072389
Rhodo e onaea guizhouensis GZCC 25-0634 PX062374 PX062368 PX062378 PX072386 PX072390
Rhodo e onaea hainanensis GZAAS 22-2020TOP748932 OP748935 ---
Rhodo e onaea hyalina GZCC 23-0622TPP102207 PP102206 PP102214 PP259403 PP259399
Rhodo e onaea lignicola GZCC 23-0624TPP102209 PP102212 PP102216 PP259405 PP259401
Rhodo e onaea nieuwwul enica CBS 149447TOQ629048 OQ628466 -OQ627955 OQ627935
Rhodo e onaea que ci HKAS 145561TPV097144 PQ932528 PV097142 PV164602 -
Rhodo e onaea sp. XX-2025aT-PV053196 PV053387 - -
Rhodo e onaea a iosep a a CBS 431.88TMH873827 MH862134 ---
Rhodo e onaea a iosep a a CBS 123472 FJ617559 MG600393 MG600408 -JX066701
Rhodo e onaea a iosep a a CBS 123473 FJ617560 KT991676 JX066710 -JX066700
Xylolen ia asep a a GZCC 20-0424TOP377944 OP377859 OP378024 OP473038 OP473104
Xylolen ia asep a a GZCC 20-0426 OP377945 OP377860 OP378025 OP473039 OP473105
Xylolen ia b unneola PRA 13611TMG600398 MG600394 MG600407 -MG600402
Xylolen ia eni o mis MFLU 19-0210TMK547648 MK547646 ---
No e: “T” indica es ex- ype s ains.Newly gene a ed sequences a e inbold. “-” indica es he una ailable da a in GenBank.
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MycoKeys 123: 105–119 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.167930
Hong Zhang e al.: In oduce wo new species
Figu e 1. Phylogene ic ee gene a ed om he RAxML analysis based on he combined LSU, ITS, SSU, e 1-α, and pb2
sequence da a. Boo s ap suppo alues o RAxML (ML) equal o o g ea e han 75%, and Bayesian pos e io p oba-
bili ies (PP) equal o o g ea e han 0.95 a e gi en nea he nodes as ML/BYPP, espec i ely. The Maximum Likelihood
(ML) and Bayesian In e ence (BI) analyses yielded simila ee opologies. Hyphen (“-”) indica es a pos e io p obabili y
lowe han 0.95 o Bayesian.My mec idium schulze i (CBS 100.54) and M. so bicola (CBS 143433) we e selec ed as
ou g oups. Ex- ype s ains a e deno ed wi h “T” and newly ob ained isola es a e in bold black on s.
110
MycoKeys 123: 105–119 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.167930
Hong Zhang e al.: In oduce wo new species
Figu e 2. Rhodo e onaea aquisub opica (GZAAS 25-0665, holo ype). a, b. Colonies on he hos su ace; c– . Conidiopho es,
conidiogenous cells and conidia; g, h. Conidiogenous cells and conidia; i–l. Conidia; m. Ge mina ed conidium; n, o. Colonies on
PDA om abo e and below a e 36 days o incuba ion a oom empe a u e. Scale ba s: 50 μm (c– ); 20 μm (g, h); 5 μm (i–m).
111
MycoKeys 123: 105–119 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.167930
Hong Zhang e al.: In oduce wo new species
Desc ip ion. Sap obic on decaying wood in a eshwa e habi a . Sexual
mo ph Unde e mined. Asexual mo ph Hyphomyce ous. Colonies on wood e -
use, hai y, sca e ed o agg ega ed, b own. Mycelium pa ly supe icial, pa ly
imme sed, composed o b anched, sep a e, gu ula e, smoo h-walled, hyalina o
b own hyphae. Conidiopho es 204–270 × 4.9–7 μm (x
– = 241.5 × 6 μm, n = 20),
mac onema ous, mononema ous, e ec , lexuous, soli a y, cylind ical, smoo h-
walled, sep a e, unb anched, black b own, mid b own, pale owa ds he apex.
Conidiogenous cells polyblas ic, in eg a ed, e minal, de e mina e, sympodial,
o ming a achis wi h subden icula e loci, lexuous, pale b own o subhyalina, pig-
men ed, wi h inconspicuous den icles. Conidia 10.5–13.5 × 4–5.5 μm (x
– = 12.5
× 4.7 μm, n = 25), ac opleu ogenous, agg ega ed in slimy masses, ellipsoidal o
na owly obo oid, 1–3-sep a e, mos ly 3-sep a e, smoo h-walled, pale yellowish
b own, gu ula e, hin-walled, some imes sligh ly cons ic ed a he sep a.
Cul u e cha ac e is ics. Conidia ge mina ing on PDA wi hin 12 hou s, p o-
ducing ge m ubes om he conidial body. Colonies on PDA a e ci cula wi h
a aised su ace and en i e ma gin, eaching 30 mm in diame e a e 36 days
a oom empe a u e (app oxima ely 25 °C), and a e b own o eddish b own in
colo on bo h he su ace and e e se sides.
Ma e ial examined. China • Guizhou P o ince, Chishui Ci y, Chishui Ri e ,
on decaying subme ged wood in a eshwa e habi a , 10 Oc obe 2024, Hong
Zhang & Jian Ma, CS12 (GZAAS 25-0665, holo ype), ex- ype li ing cul u es GZCC
25-0635; Ibid., CS18 (GZAAS 24-0083, pa a ype), li ing cul u e GZCC 24-0170.
No es. In ou phylogene ic ee (Fig. 1), ou isola es (GZCC 25-0635 and GZCC
24-0170) o med a sis e clade o Rhodo e onaea aqua ica (GZCC 20-0447 and
MFLUCC 18-1339) wi h 76% ML suppo . A compa ison o LSU, ITS, SSU, and
e 1-α sequences be ween Rhodo e onaea aqua ica (MFLUCC 18-1339) and
R. aquisub opica (GZCC 25-0635) and e eals hei nucleo ide di e ences o
3/774 bp (0.4%, wi hou gap),20/502 bp (4%, including 4 gaps), 5/852 bp (0.6%,
including 3 gaps), and 29/882 bp (3.3%, wi hou gap), espec i ely, indica ing
ha hey a e dis inc species. Mo phologically, Rhodo e onaea aquisub opica
(GZAAS 25-0665) di e s om R. aqua ica (MFLU 18-1593, ex- ype) by i s na -
owe conidiopho es (204–270 × 4.9–7 μm s.182–310 × 9–13 μm), and small-
e conidia (10.5–13.5 × 4–5.5 μm s. 23–27 × 9–11 μm) (Luo e al.2019). The e-
o e, we in oduce Rhodo e onaea aquisub opica as a no el species based on
he mul i-gene phylogene ic analysis and mo phological di e ences.
Rhodo e onaea guizhouensis H. Zhang & J. Ma, sp. no .
MycoBank No: 904170
Fig. 3
E ymology.The speci ic epi he ‘guizhouensis’ e e s o he locali y “Guizhou
P o ince”, om whe e he holo ype was collec ed.
Holo ype. GZAAS 25-0663.
Desc ip ion. Sap obic on decaying subme ged wood in a eshwa e habi a .
Sexual mo ph Unde e mined. Asexual mo ph Hyphomyce ous. Colonies on wood
e use, hai y, sca e ed o agg ega ed, b own. Mycelium pa ly supe icial, pa ly
imme sed, composed o b anched, sep a e, gu ula e, smoo h-walled, hyalina o
b own hyphae. Conidiopho es 211–268 × 4.5–6.3 μm (x
– = 234 × 5.2 μm, n = 25),
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MycoKeys 123: 105–119 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.167930
Hong Zhang e al.: In oduce wo new species
Figu e 3. Rhodo e onaeaguizhouensis (GZAAS 25-0663, holo ype). a, b. Colonies on he hos su ace; c– . Conidio-
pho es, conidiogenous cells, and conidia; g–i. Conidiogenous cells and conidia; j. A ge mina ed conidium; k–o. Conidia;
p, q. Colonies on PDA om abo e and below a e 32 days o incuba ion a oom empe a u e. Scale ba s: 60 μm (c– );
30 μm (g, h); 20 μm (i); 10 μm (j); 5 μm (k–o).
113
MycoKeys 123: 105–119 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.167930
Hong Zhang e al.: In oduce wo new species
mac onema ous, mononema ous, e ec , lexuous, soli a y, cylind ical, smoo h-
walled, sep a e, unb anched, black b own, mid b own, pale owa ds he apex.
Conidiogenous cells polyblas ic, in eg a ed, e minal, de e mina e, sympodial,
o ming a achis wi h subden icula e loci, lexuous, pale b own o subhyalina,
pigmen ed, wi h inconspicuous den icles. Conidia 11.5–17 × 4.3–6 μm (x
– = 13.8
× 5.2 μm, n = 25), ac opleu ogenous, agg ega ed in slimy masses, ellipsoidal o
na owly obo oid, 1–3-sep a e, mos ly 3-sep a e, smoo h-walled, pale yellowish
b own, gu ula e, hin-walled, some imes sligh ly cons ic ed a he sep a.
Cul u e cha ac e is ics. Conidia ge mina ing on PDA wi hin 11 hou s, p o-
ducing ge m ubes om he conidial body. Colonies on PDA a e ci cula wi h a
aised su ace and en i e ma gin, eaching 27 mm in diame e a e 32 days a
oom empe a u e (app oxima ely 25 °C), and a e whi e, eddish b own o black
in colo on bo h he su ace and e e se sides.
Ma e ial examined. China • Guizhou P o ince, Chishui Ci y, Chishui Ri e ,
on decaying subme ged wood in a eshwa e habi a , 10 Oc obe 2024, Hong
Zhang &Jian Ma, CSF2 (GZAAS 25-0663, holo ype), ex- ype li ing cul u es GZCC
25-0633; Ibid., CSF9 (GZAAS 25-0664, pa a ype), li ing cul u e GZCC 25-0634.
No es. In ou phylogene ic ee (Fig. 1), ou isola es (GZCC 25-0633 and GZCC
25-0634) o med a sis e clade o Rhodo e onaea lignicola (GZCC 23-0624) wi h
92% ML and 1.00BYPP suppo . Rhodo e onaea guizhouensis (GZAAS 25-0663)
can be dis inguished om R. lignicola (GZAAS 23-0612) by i s longe conidio-
pho es (211–268 μm s.75–125 μm), longe conidia (up o 17 μm s.9–13.5 μm)
(Chen e al. 2024). Mo eo e , base pai compa ison o Rhodo e onaea guizhouen-
sis (GZCC 25-0633) and R. lignicola (GZCC 23-0624) shows 30/528 bp di e enc-
es in ITS (5.7%, gaps 5 bp), 7/862 bp di e ences in LSU (0.8%, gaps 2 bp), 3/910
bp di e ences in SSU (0.3%, wi hou gap), 39/887 bp di e ences in e 1-α (4.4%,
wi hou gap), and 69/803 bp di e ences in pb2 (8.6%, wi hou gap). The e o e,
based on DNA molecula da a and mo phological cha ac e is ics, we in oduce
Rhodo e onaea guizhouensis as a no el species.
Discussion
The genus Rhodo e onaea cu en ly comp ises en species, including he wo
new species desc ibed in he p esen s udy (A zanlou e al. 2007; Luo e al. 2019;
C ous e al. 2021, 2023; Hyde e al. 2023; Chen e al. 2024; Yang e al. 2025).
Among hem, ou species a e ound in eshwa e habi a s and six in e es ial
habi a s (Table 2), wi h p ima y dis ibu ions in Guizhou, Yunnan, and Hainan
p o inces o China.Rhodo e onaea species a e dis ibu ed in China, Czech Re-
public, F ance, Ge many, Ne he lands, and Sweden (A zanlou e al. 2007; Réblo á
2009; Luo e al. 2019; C ous e al. 2021, 2023; Hyde e al. 2023; Chen e al. 2024;
Yang e al. 2025). They occu as sap obes on bamboo s ick, Be ia mo i o mis,
Ca pinus be ulus, E e nia p unas i, and decaying wood in bo h eshwa e and
e es ial habi a s (A zanlou e al. 2007; Réblo á 2009; Luo e al. 2019; C ous e
al. 2021, 2023; Hyde e al. 2023; Chen e al. 2024; Yang e al. 2025).
Based on mul i-gene phylogene ic analyses, conside able mo phological
a ia ion can occu e en wi hin he same Rhodo e onaea species. Fo exam-
ple, wo collec ions (MFLU 18-1593 om decaying subme ged wood in Yunnan
P o ince and HKAS 112574 om a simila subs a e in Guizhou P o ince, China)
ha e bo h been iden i ied as he same species, namely Rhodo e onaea aqua ica
