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Applica ion o emulsi ica ion me hod in blending o so ened local wool and
polyes e , wool and ac ylic ibe s.
Nodi o a Mex iniso Ne’ma o na
Bukha a S a e Technical Uni e si y
asadiyo [email protected]
Anno a ion. The u iliza ion o local wool esou ces has become an u gen issue o he
de elopmen o Uzbekis an's ex ile indus y. Ka akul sheep wool, abundan in he
coun y, is adi ionally unde used despi e i s high he mal insula ion and elas ici y.
This esea ch in es iga es he e ec i e blending o wool wi h syn he ic ibe s (polyes e
and ac ylic) o enhance ya n pe o mance and indus ial applicabili y. Emulsi ica ion
echnology was applied o imp o e ibe compa ibili y, leading o s onge , so e , and
mo e uni o m ya ns. Resul s showed ha wool-ac ylic blends p o ide wa m h and
so ness, while wool-polyes e blends ensu e du abili y. The s udy highligh s wool's
s a egic impo ance in ad ancing sus ainable ex ile p oduc ion in Uzbekis an .
Keywo ds. Wool, Ka akul sheep, Polyes e , Ac ylic, Blended ya n, Emulsi ica ion,
Fibe compa ibili y, Tensile s eng h, Elonga ion, Uni o mi y, So ness, Du abili y,
Tex ile indus y, Spinning, Ring spinning, Ro o spinning, Hyg oscopici y, An is a ic
ea men , Ya n s uc u e, Uzbekis an.
The de elopmen o high-quali y ya ns om bo h na u al and syn he ic ibe s has
become one o he mos impo an esea ch di ec ions in mode n ex ile science. In
pa icula , he u iliza ion o local wool esou ces, such as semi-coa se Ka akul sheep
wool, and hei e ec i e blending wi h syn he ic ibe s like polyes e (PET) and ac ylic
(PAN), p o ides new oppo uni ies o enhancing ya n p ope ies, imp o ing
du abili y, and p oducing compe i i e ex ile p oduc s. The ex ile indus y
inc easingly equi es ibe s and ya ns ha a e no only s ong and elas ic bu also
capable o main aining so ness, he mal insula ion, colo as ness, and dimensional
s abili y. The e o e, sys ema ic esea ch in o he s uc u al, physical, mechanical, and
chemical p ope ies o wool and blended ya ns is highly signi ican o bo h heo e ical
ad ancemen s and indus ial applica ions.
The esea ch was ca ied ou using ya ns p oduced a " Sagdiana " LLC, Bukha a, in
collabo a ion wi h he " Cen exUz " labo a o y o he Tashken Tex ile and Ligh
Indus y Ins i u e. The expe imen al samples included 100% Ka akul wool (J100), 50%
wool + 50% ac ylic (JA50/50), and 40% wool + 60% polyes e (JP40/60). All samples
we e p epa ed acco ding o es ablished in e na ional and Uzbek s anda ds, including
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O' zDS 614-2014, O' zDS 619-2014, and ISO 2062-2014, ensu ing eliable and
compa able esul s. P io o es ing, all ibe and ya n samples we e condi ioned unde
s anda d clima ic condi ions in acco dance wi h GOST 10681-75.
One o he inno a i e aspec s o his esea ch lies in he use o he emulsi ica ion
me hod o blending so ened wool wi h syn he ic ibe s. Wool ibe s, due o hei
ke a in-based s uc u e and cu icle-co e ed hyd ophobic su ace, ypically show poo
adhesion o hyd ophobic syn he ic ibe s such as polyes e and ac ylic. To o e come
his challenge, emulsi ica ion ea men s wi h dilu ed lanolin, glyce in, an is a ic
agen s, and emulsi ie s (eg, Tween 20) we e applied o wool ibe s be o e mixing. This
p ocess modi ies he wool su ace, imp o es hyd ophilici y, educes s a ic cha ges, and
enhances in e - ibe bonding. As a esul , he emulsi ied wool blends mo e e ec i ely
wi h syn he ic ibe s, p oducing homogeneous mix u es wi h imp o ed spinnabili y.
Th ee di e en emulsi ica ion ecipes we e es ed in his s udy, each ailo ed o
speci ic ibe composi ions:
1. Fo 100% wool ya ns, highe lanolin con en was used o es o e na u al oils
and inc ease so ness.
2. Fo 50% wool + 50% ac ylic blends, he o mula ion emphasizes mois u e
e en ion, gi en ha ac ylic ibe s e ain wa e poo ly.
3. Fo 40% wool + 60% polyes e blends, he emulsion includes highe an is a ic
agen s o coun e polyes e 's high s a ic cha ge and imp o e ibe cohesion.
Expe imen al esul s demons a ed signi ican imp o emen s in ya n p ope ies when
emulsi ica ion was applied. Ya n samples p oduced wi h emulsi ied wool exhibi ed
mo e uni o m linea densi y, highe ensile s eng h, be e elonga ion beha io , and
educed a ia ion coe icien s compa ed o un ea ed blends. Fo example, he speci ic
ensile s eng h inc eased om 12.29 cN / ex in un ea ed wool o 17.9 cN / ex in
polyes e -wool blends a e emulsi ica ion. Likewise, ya ns om wool-ac ylic blends
achie ed high so ness, elas ici y, and good colo abso p ion p ope ies, while
polyes e -wool blends demons a ed enhanced du abili y and esis ance o mechanical
s esses.
The indings also e ealed ha wool-ac ylic blends (50/50) yielded ya ns wi h
p ope ies close o na u al ibe s in e ms o so ness, wa m h e en ion, and bulkiness,
making hem sui able o kni wea and win e ab ics. On he o he hand, wool-
polyes e blends (40/60) p oduced ya ns wi h highe mechanical s eng h and
dimensional s abili y, which a e pa icula ly ad an ageous o wo en ab ics equi ing
du abili y, such as uphols e y and echnical ex iles. These esul s con i m ha
app op ia e blending a ios and emulsi ica ion ea men s a e essen ial o op imizing
bo h he pe o mance and applica ion o ya ns.This esea ch u he con ibu es o he
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de elopmen o sus ainable ex ile p oduc ion in Uzbekis an by p omo ing he use o
local wool esou ces in combina ion wi h impo ed syn he ic ibe s. Mo eo e , he
p oduc ion o blended ya ns no only imp o es he physical-mechanical pe o mance
o ex ile ma e ials bu also inc eases economic e iciency by educing eliance on
impo ed aw ma e ials and enhancing he compe i i eness o domes ic ex ile
en e p ises.
In conclusion, he in oduc ion o emulsi ica ion in wool p ocessing ep esen s a
signi ican inno a ion in he ex ile sec o , pa icula ly o he p oduc ion o wool-
syn he ic blended ya ns. The esea ch esul s p esen ed in his wo k p o ide a scien i ic
ounda ion o he c ea ion o op imized ya n p oduc ion echnologies, ensu ing high-
quali y ou pu s wi h desi able mechanical, physical, and aes he ic p ope ies. These
ad ancemen s open new oppo uni ies o indus ial-scale p oduc ion o blended ya ns
in Uzbekis an, suppo ing bo h he mode niza ion o he ex ile indus y and he
e ec i e u iliza ion o local wool esou ces.
The objec o he s udy was he “Sagdiana” (Limi ed Liabili y Company) in Bukha a.
Fo his, 29.4 ex ya ns we e ob ained om a mix u e o 50% co on ibe s and 50%
wool ibe s, 50% wool ibe s and 50% polyes e ibe s, and 50% wool ibe s and 50%
ac ylic ibe s. The physical and mechanical p ope ies o he ya n we e de e mined in
he es ing labo a o y o he “Cen exUz” and “Sagdiana” (Limi ed Liabili y Company)
en e p ises unde he Tashken S a e Technical Uni e si y o Tex iles and Clo hing.
The quali y indica o s o he ya ns we e de e mined using he “Us e Tes e -5”
ins umen .
Mixed composi ion ibe s can be de ined in he ollowing places: Table-1
No.
Mix u e composi ion
Ma king
1
100% ka akul wool
J100
2
50% wool + 50% ac ylic
JA50 /50
3
40% wool + 60% polyes e
JP40 /60
Me hods o de e mining he s uc u e and physical-mechanical p ope ies o ibe s
and h eads
Be o e de e mining he quali y indica o s o ibe s and ya ns ob ained om a mix u e
o ibe s wi h di e en composi ion, he samples we e s o ed in clima ic condi ions
acco ding o he GOST 10681-75 s anda d [66].
The quali y indica o s o co on and wool ibe s we e de e mined in he labo a o y a
he Co on Indus y Scien i ic Cen e JSC. The quali y indica o s o co on and wool
ibe s we e de e mined wi h an e o o 2.2% ( ela i e).
The quali y indica o s o co on and wool ibe s we e de e mined acco ding o he
s anda d. Sampling was ca ied ou acco ding o he UzDS 614-2014 s anda d [67],
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he ela i e b eaking s eng h o co on ibe s was de e mined acco ding o he UzDS
619-2014 s anda d [68], he linea densi y and mic on index o co on ibe s we e
de e mined acco ding o he UzDS 620-2014 s anda d [69], and he leng h o co on
ibe s was de e mined acco ding o he UzDS 633-2010 s anda d [70].
The s uc u e o he ibe s was analyzed using a scanning elec on mic oscope. The
esea ch was conduc ed a he Cen e o Inno a i e Technologies. Fo his, a SEM-
EVO MA 10 (Zeiss, Ge many) ins umen was used o s udy he s uc u e o he
ob ained ibe s using a scanning elec on mic oscope .
Scanning elec on mic oscope: he p inciple o ope a ion is based on he ac ha i
emi s elec on beams o di e en ene gies. I is di ec ed a he sample unde s udy in
he o m o a spo wi h a size o no mo e han 5 nm. Due o his spo , he en i e su ace
o he objec is scanned. When he elec on beams collide wi h he su ace o he objec ,
hey pene a e i only sligh ly, while he p ocess o emi ing no only elec ons, bu also
pho ons om he objec i sel , which en e he ca hode and he ligh ube, in which hey
a e con e ed in o an image, occu s.
The wis o wool and co on ibe s was de e mined. Fo his, samples we e aken om
he ibe s and he numbe o wis s pe cm o 100 ibe s was coun ed unde an MBI-6
mic oscope wi h a magni ica ion o 300 imes. The es s we e ca ied ou in h ee
eplica es.
in he es ing labo a o y o he SAGDIANA (Limi ed Liabili y Company) en e p ise
using he Us e Tes e -5 de ice.
The composi ion o he Us e ins umen consis s o he ollowing pa s: an ins umen
ha measu es he change in linea densi y o he p oduc along i s leng h, an in eg a o ,
a spec og aph, and wo sel -mo ing de ices.
The p inciple ci cui o he capaci i e de ice includes wo pla e capaci o -senso s.
These capaci o s a e included in he chain o gene a o s ha gene a e al e na ing
ol age. The ini ial equencies o he gene a o s a e he same, ha is, he equency
di e ence is ze o.
The "Us e -Tes e -5" equipmen is ully au oma ed and p o ides comple e in o ma ion
on he quali y o aw p oduc s and spun ya ns.
Sampling o kni ing ya ns is ca ied ou acco ding o he GOST 6611.0-83 s anda d
[71].
The linea densi y o kni ing ya ns is de e mined acco ding o he GOST 6611.1-83
s anda d [72], and he ya n densi y is de e mined acco ding o he GOST 6611.3-83
s anda d [73]. The linea densi y o kni ing ya ns was de e mined wi h an e o o
3.3% ( ela i e).
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The de e mina ion o ya n elonga ion and sh inkage du ing wea ing was ca ied ou
acco ding o he s anda d GOST 6611.3-83. “Tex ile ya ns. De e mina ion o
elonga ion and sh inkage du ing wea ing” . The de e mina ion o ya n elonga ion and
sh inkage du ing wea ing was ca ied ou wi h an e o o 3.8% ( ela i e) [73].
GOST ISO 2062-2014 “Tex ile ya ns. De e mina ion o s eng h and elonga ion a
b eak” me hod. The s eng h and elonga ion a b eak o ya ns a e de e mined using he
“S a ima -C” ins umen .
UzDS 2321:2011 “Co on and mixed ibe ya ns ob ained by he combing me hod on
a pneuma ic spinning machine o wea ing. Technical condi ions” [74]. The esul s o
he ob ained mixed composi ion ya ns we e compa ed wi h he equi emen s o he
s anda d.
Applica ion o he emulsi ica ion me hod in he blending o so ened local wool and
polyes e , wool and ac ylic ibe s.
The emulsi ica ion p ocess , which is pe o med be o e blending so ened local wool
ibe s wi h syn he ic ibe s such as polyes e (PET) and ac ylic (PAN), is a e y
impo an p ocess in oday's ex ile indus y. This p ocess imp o es he physical,
mechanical, chemical, and hygienic p ope ies o wool, inc eases adhesion be ween
di e en ibe s, and p oduces high-quali y, uni o m-s uc u ed ya ns and ab ics.
Acco ding o he na u e o wool, i is a na u al p o ein ibe o med on he basis o
ke a in, and he cu icle co e s i s su ace. This coa ing is hyd ophobic and has poo
adhesion o syn he ic ibe s. The e o e, i is necessa y o modi y he su ace o wool
by emulsi ica ion be o e mixing i wi h syn he ic ibe s (in pa icula , hyd ophobic
polyes e and ac ylic) .
In emulsi ica ion usually emulsi ie s , i a ion ools , an is a ic subs ances and
glyce in is used . They a e wool ibe on he su ace ul ad ink , dilu ion , and his/he
liquid good wi h syn he ic componen s in he en i onmen in e en ion p o ides . This
is he p ocess woolen begins wi h so ening — u ea , glyce in, emulsi ie s and o ganic
acids o he cu icle laye using impac and wool ibe om agili y o he plas ic-
elas ic s a e will be b ough .
Syn he ic ibe s such as polyes e o ac ylic wool o a ela i ely s eep s uc u e , on he
su ace mic opo es absence because i is easy wi h na u al ibe does no in e e e . Bu
emulsi ica ion me hod h ough o he wool su ace hyd ophilic g oups connec ion ,
s a ic elec ici y cha ges dec ease and unde he e ec o emulsion i o syn he ic ibe s
ela i ely good con ac pe son akes colo And his h ead wo k in he p ocesses
ha es will be mix u e comple e quali a i e and same s uc u e o do possible gi es .
In emulsi ica ion applicable om subs ances one - oxye hylene nonionic emulsi ie s
a e , hey a e syn he ic and na u al ibe s be ween elas ici y educes Also s abilize s ,
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o example , based on glyce in and so bi ol subs ances , wool ibe humidi y good
holding o s and p o ides and again cons uc ion o ibe up u e du ing ahead will ake
.
No e e b his is necessa y me hod only mechanical connec ion no , bu chemical o
connec , ha is hyd ogen bonds and Van de Waals o he o ces appea ance o be
bo h help This gi es eady mechanical s eng h and elas ici y o he h ead and
cleanliness inc eases .
Conclusion as in o he wo ds , emulsi ica ion me hod - e ec i ely blend local wool
ibe wi h syn he ic componen s mixing , e wo k in he p ocess o he su ace incoming
physical indica o s s abiliza ion , quali y h ead and ab ic wo k o elease o impo an
ac o is conside ed Based on his conclusion, a ecipe was p epa ed o ob aining ya n
by emulsion in wo a ian s o he p epa a ion o a 100 kg inished p oduc based on
a 2- a ian wool mix u e ( Tables 2.-2.1) .
Emulsion ecipe op ion 1-2, which is pe o med be o e blending so ened ka akul
wool ibe wi h polyes e (PET) and ac ylic (PAN) syn he ic ibe s
Table-2
Componen
Quan i y (%)
Func ion
Op ion 1
Dilu ed lanolin
2 , 0
Na u al a eco e y , so ening
Glyce in
1 , 5
Humidi y o keep
An is a ic agen
0 , 5
S a ic cha ge educ ion
Emulsi ie ( Tween 20)
1 , 0
S able dis ibu ion
Dis illed wa e
95 , 0
Main solu ion
Op ion 2
Dilu ed lanolin
1 , 0
Wool pa o so ening
Glyce in
2 , 0
Ac ylic mois u e good does no sa e
An is a ic agen
0 , 7
Ac ylic has a high s a ic cha ge
Emulsi ie ( Tween 20)
1 , 0
S able dis ibu ion
Dis illed wa e
95 , 3
Main solu ion
Op ion 3
C conjuga ed lanolin
0 , 8
Wool pa o so ening
Glyce in
2 , 5
Polyes e mois u e wicking less
keeps
An is a ic agen
1 , 0
Polyes e has a high s a ic cha ge
Emulsi ie ( Tween 20)
1 , 2
S able dis ibu ion
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Dis illed wa e
94 , 5
Main solu ion
The p epa a ion o so ened 100% ka akul wool ibe by sp eading he wool ibe wi h
sepa a e ac ylic (PAN) ibe and sepa a e polyes e ibe in laye s and sp aying an
emulsion on each laye be o e blending was used o imp o e he uni o mi y and
spinnabili y o he blend , and he emulsion composi ion in his ecipe was applied o
h ee di e en ibe blends and he esul s we e analyzed (Table 2.1). Changes in he
quali y indica o s o kala a ya ns wi h di e en ibe con en and emulsi ica ion
con en
Table 2.1
/
Indica o s
Fibe con en , %
ISO 2062-2014
100%
wool
50% wool
and 50%
ac ylic
40% wool
and 60%
polyes e
igh -
wing
Di e ence,%
The esul s o applying he emulsion in op ion 1
1.
Linea densi y o
h ead, ex
28.1
28.4
28.4
2.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in he
linea densi y o he
h ead, %
2.9
3.4
3.1
3.
The numbe o
wis s o he h ead,
b / m
720
744
742
4.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in he
numbe o wis s o
he h ead, %
8.2
9.7
8.8
5.
Tensile s eng h o
he h ead, cN
378.25
461.4
467.2
6.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in he
ensile s eng h o
he h ead, %
8 .38
8.91
9.42
11.5
24.0
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7.
Compa ison o
ya n
b eaking o ce,
cN/ ex
13.46
16.25
16.45
10.0
4.4
8.
Elonga ion o
h ead a b eak, %
17.13
15.21
18.82
9.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in h ead
elonga ion a b eak,
%
12.4
12.68
15.39
Resul s a e applying he emulsion in op ion 2
1.
Linea densi y o
h ead, ex
28.3
28.0
28.4
2.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in he
linea densi y o he
h ead, %
3.1
2.6
2.8
3.
The numbe o
wis s o he h ead,
b / m
726
740
754
4.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in he
numbe o wis s o
he h ead, %
9.4
8.8
9.0
5.
Tensile s eng h o
he h ead, cN
358.6
481.6
468.40
6.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in he
ensile s eng h o
he h ead, %
8.20
8.15
8.10
11.5
28.6
7.
Speci ic ensile
s eng h o he
h ead, cN/ ex
12.67
17.2
16.49
10.0
15.3
8.
Elonga ion o
h ead a b eak, %
16.46
17.24
18.60
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9.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in h ead
elonga ion a b eak,
%
15.5
12.2
14.6
Resul s a e applying he emulsion in op ion 3
1.
Linea densi y o
h ead, ex
28.4
28.3
28.3
2.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in he
linea densi y o he
ya n, %
3.5
3.2
2.8
3.
The numbe o
wis s o he h ead,
b / m
728
736
750
4.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in he
numbe o wis s o
he h ead, %
9.3
9.1
8.9
5.
Tensile s eng h o
he h ead, cN
349.4
472.3
506.8
6.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in he
ensile s eng h o
he h ead, %
8.6
8.4
8.1
11.5
26.6
7.
Speci ic ensile
s eng h o he
h ead, cN/ ex
12.29
16.69
17.9
10.0
16.3
8.
Elonga ion o
h ead a b eak, %
16.1
17.4
18.82
9.
Coe icien o
a ia ion in h ead
elonga ion a b eak,
%
14.8
13.3
12.4
is a a empe a u e o 40–45 °C i i is p epa ed , i is oily subs ances be e mel s and
o he ibe good I is soaked .
sp aying he emulsion 24 hou s la e in s o age mic obes lack o de elopmen o add
a p ese a i e (0.2% sodium benzoa e). possible
