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Compa a i e analysis o algal s ains o nu ien emo al in household was ewa e :
A Sus ainable App oach
HARINI GOLI *
Bi. P. C, Depa men o Biology, VINJEE Junio College, Kuka pally, Hyde abad, Telangana S a e, India.
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 21(01), 080-082
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 20 No embe 2024; e ised on 28 No embe 2024; accep ed on 31 Decembe 2024
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.21.1.1102
Abs ac
Nu ien pollu ion, p ima ily caused by ni a es and phospha es in was ewa e , poses se e e en i onmen al h ea s
such as eu ophica ion and ecosys em dis up ion. This s udy in es iga es he po en ial o wo mic oalgal s ains,
Chlo ella ulga is and Spi ulina pla ensis, o emo e hese pollu an s om household was ewa e . A home-scale
expe imen was conduc ed, whe e was ewa e samples we e inocula ed wi h he algae and moni o ed o wo weeks.
Nu ien le els we e measu ed using s anda d wa e es ing ki s. Resul s showed ha Chlo ella ulga is was mo e
e ec i e in ni a e emo al, achie ing a educ ion o 62%, while Spi ulina pla ensis excelled in phospha e emo al wi h
a 67% educ ion. These indings highligh he p ac ical po en ial o algae as eco- iendly, low-cos bio emedia ion
agen s, pa ing he way o sus ainable was ewa e ea men solu ions.
Keywo ds: Algae; Chlo ella ulga is; Spi ulina pla ensis; Was ewa e T ea men ; Nu ien Pollu ion; Bio emedia ion;
Ni a e Reduc ion; Phospha e Up ake; Eu ophica ion; Sus ainable Solu ions.
1. In oduc ion
Nu ien pollu ion, caused by he excessi e discha ge o ni a es and phospha es in o wa e bodies, is a g owing
en i onmen al conce n. Sou ces include ag icul u al uno , indus ial discha ge, and un ea ed household was ewa e .
When nu ien - ich wa e en e s na u al ecosys ems, i leads o phenomena like eu ophica ion, cha ac e ized by algal
blooms, oxygen deple ion, and ha m o aqua ic li e.
T adi ional was ewa e ea men me hods a e expensi e and ene gy-in ensi e, c ea ing ba ie s o widesp ead
adop ion in small-scale o esou ce-limi ed se ings. Algae o e a p omising al e na i e due o hei abili y o assimila e
nu ien s du ing pho osyn hesis, he eby educing pollu an le els in wa e . Addi ionally, algae a e sus ainable and cos -
e ec i e, equi ing minimal inpu s such as sunligh and CO₂. This s udy e alua es he nu ien emo al e iciency o
Chlo ella ulga is and Spi ulina pla ensis, wo algal s ains known o hei bio emedia ion po en ial. The esea ch
ocuses on a p ac ical, home-scale se up o demons a e he easibili y o using algae o nu ien pollu ion con ol in
household was ewa e .
2. Ma e ials and Me hods
2.1. Ma e ials
•Algal s ains
oChlo ella ulga is (commonly a ailable in powde ed o m o as li e cul u es).
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 21(01), 080-082
81
o Spi ulina pla ensis (a ailable as ood supplemen s o in li e cul u es).
• Household was ewa e
o Collec ed om ki chen sinks o laund y (p e- il e ed o emo e solid deb is).
• T anspa en con aine s (1-li e capaci y) o algae cul i a ion.
• Wa e es ing ki s
o Ni a e and phospha e es ki s a ailable online o om aqua ium supply s o es.
• Measu ing ools
o Rule o isual g ow h assessmen and a scale o biomass quan i ica ion.
2.2. Me hodology
2.2.1. P epa a ion o Algal Cul u es
• Algal cul u es we e ehyd a ed and g own in esh ap wa e unde na u al sunligh o acclima iza ion.
Cul u es we e ae a ed using manual s i ing o a small ai pump o op imal g ow h.
2.2.2. Expe imen al Se up
• Household was ewa e was di ided in o h ee g oups:
o Con ol (no algae).
o Chlo ella ulga is-inocula ed.
o Spi ulina pla ensis-inocula ed.
• Each g oup was se up in iplica e o eliabili y and placed in a sunny ga den a ea.
2.2.3. Incuba ion and Moni o ing:
• The con aine s we e obse ed o wo weeks, wi h daily s i ing o ensu e e en exposu e o ligh and nu ien s.
2.2.4. Nu ien Analysis
• Ni a e and phospha e le els we e measu ed on Day 0 and Day 14 using wa e es ing ki s. Nu ien educ ion
was calcula ed as:
Reduc ion (%)= 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑋 100
2.2.5. Biomass Measu emen
• Algal g ow h was quan i ied by collec ing and d ying he biomass om he con aine s a he end o he
expe imen .
3. Resul s
Table 1 Compa ison o Ni a e and Phospha e Remo al and Biomass Yield o Chlo ella ulga is and Spi ulina pla ensis
Pa ame e
Con ol
Chlo ella Vulga is
Spi ulina pla ensis
Ni a e Reduc ion (%)
5
62
47
Phospha e Reduc ion (%)
3
54
67
Biomass Yield (g/L)
N/A
0.48
0.43
• Ni a e Remo al: Chlo ella ulga is ou pe o med Spi ulina pla ensis in ni a e educ ion, likely due o i s as e
g ow h a e and highe ni ogen assimila ion capaci y.
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 21(01), 080-082
82
• Phospha e Remo al: Spi ulina pla ensis demons a ed supe io phospha e up ake, e lec ing i s p e e ence o
phospho us- ich en i onmen s.
• Biomass Yield: Bo h algae showed compa able biomass p oduc ion, indica ing obus g ow h unde was ewa e
condi ions.
4. Discussion
The esul s con i m he po en ial o algae as e ec i e agen s o bio emedia ion. Chlo ella ulga is showed high ni a e
emo al, aligning wi h i s es ablished use in nu ien cycling s udies. I s abili y o g ow apidly and assimila e ni ogen
makes i ideal o ni ogen- ich was ewa e . Con e sely, Spi ulina pla ensis excelled in phospha e up ake, likely due o
i s me abolic adap a ions a o ing phospho us u iliza ion.
The con ol g oup exhibi ed negligible nu ien educ ion, emphasizing he signi ican impac o algal inocula ion.
Addi ionally, bo h s ains p oduced subs an ial biomass, which could be ha es ed o bioene gy, animal eed, o o he
applica ions, enhancing he economic iabili y o his app oach.
This home-scale expe imen demons a es ha algal bio emedia ion can be a p ac ical and sus ainable me hod o
educing nu ien pollu ion, pa icula ly in decen alized o small-scale was ewa e sys ems. Fu he esea ch could
explo e combining Chlo ella and Spi ulina o op imized nu ien emo al and assessing long- e m scalabili y.
5. Conclusion
This s udy highligh s he po en ial o Chlo ella ulga is and Spi ulina pla ensis in emo ing ni a es and phospha es om
household was ewa e . Chlo ella was mo e e ec i e in ni a e emo al, while Spi ulina excelled in phospha e up ake.
Toge he , hese algae o e a low-cos , eco- iendly solu ion o nu ien pollu ion. Fu u e esea ch could ocus on
in eg a ing his app oach in o communi y-scale was ewa e ea men sys ems and explo ing he addi ional bene i s o
algal biomass u iliza ion.
Re e ences
[1] Wang, H., e al. (2016). Bio emedia ion o nu ien - ich was ewa e using algae. Wa e Resea ch, 92, 87-95.
[2] Kuma , K., e al. (2015). Was ewa e ea men and bio emedia ion po en ial o mic oalgae. Applied Phycology,
27, 1245-1258.
[3] Richmond, A. (2004). Handbook o Mic oalgal Cul u e. Blackwell Science.
