In e na ional Jou nal o Social Science and Human Resea ch
ISSN (p in ): 2644-0679, ISSN (online): 2644-0695
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijssh / 8-i10-43, Impac ac o - 8.007
Page No: 7898-7904
IJSSHR, Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025 www.ijssh .in Page 7898
De eloping A Sys em o Vocabula y Exe cises o G ade 5 S uden s wi hin A
Compe ency based App oach
Nguyen Manh Tien1, Nguyen Thi Thu Hang2
1Thái Nguyên Uni e si y o Educa ion, Vie Nam
2T ung Vuong P ima y School, Thai Nguyen P o ice
ABSTRACT: This pape p esen s he heo e ical ounda ion, p ac ical e idence, and esea ch esul s conce ning he cons uc ion
o a sys em o ocabula y exe cises o i h-g ade s uden s in line wi h a compe ency-based app oach. D awing on he Vie namese
Language Cu iculum o p ima y schools, we ha e de eloped a logically s uc u ed, di e se and di e en ia ed se o exe cises ha
is pedagogically easible in ocabula y ins uc ion a p ima y le el. The sys em comp ises i e g oups: ocabula y expansion; pa s
o speech, synonyms; polysemy; idioms; and co ec ing wo d usage e o s. This sys em con ibu es o de eloping linguis ic
compe ency in p ima y s uden s and enhancing he quali y o Vie namese language eaching in G ade 5.
KEYWORDS: sys em o exe cise; pa s o speech; synonyms; polysemy; idioms
I.INTRODUCTION
The Gene al Educa ion Cu iculum o 2018 aims o os e bo h quali ies and compe encies in lea ne s. A he p ima y le el,
he Vie namese language subjec plays a c ucial ole in de eloping linguis ic compe ence, while also se ing as a undamen al ool
and ounda ion o lea ning o he subjec s. In G ade 5, he expec ed language ou comes equi e s uden s no only o acqui e
knowledge o Vie namese bu also o apply i e ec i ely in communica ion (bo h in comp ehension and ex p oduc ion). Howe e ,
class oom p ac ice e eals ha many i h-g ade s uden s possess a limi ed ocabula y, o en con use wo d classi ica ion, and use
wo ds inaccu a ely; meanwhile, eache s encoun e di icul ies in implemen ing ins uc ion unde he new ex book se ies.
F om his eali y, he p esen s udy seeks o: (1) sys ema ize he heo e ical and p ac ical ounda ions o ocabula y eaching
wi hin a compe ency-based o ien a ion; and (2) de elop a sys em o ocabula y exe cises aligned wi h he expec ed lea ning
ou comes o he Vie namese Language Cu iculum in G ade 5 ha is easible and pedagogically app op ia e.
II. METHODOLOGY
This s udy employs a combina ion o heo e ical analysis and p ac ical in es iga ion. Speci ically, i sys ema izes he
heo e ical ounda ions o ocabula y ins uc ion wi hin a compe ency-based o ien a ion and su eys he cu en p ac ice o
Vie namese language eaching a he p ima y le el. On his basis, a sys em o ocabula y exe cises has been de eloped ha is
logically s uc u ed, di e se, di e en ia ed acco ding o lea ne s’ p o iles, and pedagogically easible and app op ia e o class oom
applica ion.
III. RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Enhancing he Quali y o Vocabula y Ins uc ion h ough he De elopmen o a Sys em o Exe cises
1. The Concep o a Sys em o Exe cises
A sys em o Vie namese ocabula y exe cises is unde s ood as a s uc u ed se o asks designed o help s uden s p ac ice
and de elop hei knowledge o ocabula y, seman ics, and he g amma ical ca ego ies o wo ds in Vie namese.
2. The Role o a Sys em o Exe cises in Vocabula y Ins uc ion a he P ima y Le el
Exe cises cons i u e a i al componen o he eaching and lea ning p ocess. In con empo a y pedagogy, which emphasizes
lea ne -cen e ed app oaches and p ac ical applica ion, exe cises become e en mo e indispensable.
Fo eache s, exe cises se e as essen ial ools o o ganizing he eaching p ocess; h ough hem, eache s impa
knowledge, cul i a e skills, and os e s uden s’ quali ies and compe encies.
Fo s uden s, sol ing exe cises equi es he ac i a ion o cogni i e ope a ions such as obse a ion, analysis, compa ison,
syn hesis, and he applica ion o knowledge and expe ience o a i e a solu ions. This, in u n, con ibu es o in ellec ual
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de elopmen . Exe cises also unc ion as a aluable means o educa ion: comple ing hem demands pe sis ence, hones y, sel -
discipline, and a sense o esponsibili y in ul illing assigned asks.
B. De eloping a Sys em o Vocabula y Exe cises o Fi h-G ade S uden s
1. P inciples o De eloping he Sys em o Exe cises
● Ensu ing alignmen wi h he objec i es o p ima y educa ion
● Ensu ing scien i ic alidi y and sys ema ic o ganiza ion
● Ensu ing easibili y
● Ensu ing e ec i eness
● Ensu ing app op ia eness o lea ne s’ cha ac e is ics
2. An O e iew o he Sys em o Exe cises
The sys em o exe cises e e s o he en i e se o asks a anged in a speci ic, logically cohe en sequence. The con en o he
exe cise sys em is unde s ood as he body o Vie namese language knowledge (wi h a ocus on ocabula y) p esc ibed in he 2018
cu iculum o G ade 5, as well as he a ying le els o knowledge and skills ha s uden s a e equi ed o a ain. Based on his body
o knowledge, we ha e iden i ied a sys em o exe cises comp ising g oups, ypes, and o ms o asks as ou lined in he ollowing
schema:
3. A Sys em o Vocabula y Exe cises o Fi h-G ade S uden s
(1) G oup o Exe cises on Vocabula y Expansion wi h he Theme On he Pa h o Lea ning
Exe cise 1. Find wo ds ela ed o “ he pa h o lea ning” acco ding o he ollowing p omp s:
a) Wo ds deno ing pa icipan s in lea ning: …………………………………….………
b) Wo ds deno ing lea ning ac i i ies: ……………………………………………………
c) Wo ds deno ing lea ning ools: ………………………………………….…………….
d) Wo ds deno ing quali ies equi ed in lea ning: …………………………………………
Exe cise 2. Find a leas h ee synonyms o he ollowing wo ds:
a) ( o s udy/lea ning): …………………………………………………………
b) (diligen ): …………………………………………………………………
c) ( alen ed): ……………………………………………………………………
Exe cise 3. Ma ch he p o e bs in Column A wi h he co esponding meanings in Column B.
A. P o e bs
B. Meanings
1) Wi h e o , an i on ba can be
g ound down in o a needle.
a) Ad ises people o be skill ul in hei wo k and in e e yday conduc .
2) Lea n o ea , lea n o speak, lea n
o w ap, lea n o open.
b) Emphasizes ha pe se e ance and pa ience a e essen ial o success.
3) Wi hou a eache , you can’ make
i .
c) A i ms he ole and impo ance o he eache in each indi idual’s li e.
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Exe cise 4. Fill in he hema ic wo d g oups co esponding o he gi en ocabula y:
Thema ic g oup
Wo ds
……………………
ex book, pencil, no ebook, ule , compass, e ase
……………………
class oom, compu e oom, lib a y, labo a o y, schoolya d
……………………
aking no es, lis ening o lec u es, discussion, p ac ice, expe imen , obse a ion
Exe cise 5. W i e a sho pa ag aph (5–7 sen ences) abou a lea ning ole model you know ( his could be a iend, sibling, o a
cha ac e in a book).
Sugges ion: Men ion he con ex , di icul ies aced, e o s made, ou comes achie ed, and he lesson lea ned.
(2) G oup o Exe cises on Pa s o Speech
a) Exe cises on P onouns
Exe cise 1. Ma ch he sen ences in he le column wi h he app op ia e ypes in he igh column.
→ Wha amous scenic spo s does Thái Nguyên ha e?
Sen ence using pe sonal p onouns
Thái Nguyên is a p o ince in he No heas egion, and
i s people a e e y gen le and hospi able.
Sen ence using in e oga i e p onouns
I you ha e he chance, please come and isi ou
home own, Thái Nguyên!
Sen ence using subs i u e p onouns
Exe cise 2. Conside he ollowing sen ences:
- We wande ed aimlessly in he as peach ga den.)
- Who is knocking a he doo ?
- Ea ly in he mo ning, he sunligh was al eady dazzling—who knows when summe will end?
- Those squi els diligen ly ga he pine cones o b ing back o hei nes e e y day.
a) Iden i y he p onouns ha appea in he sen ences abo e.
b) Classi y he iden i ied p onouns in o he ollowing g oups:
- pe sonal p onouns:…………………………………………..
- in e oga i e p onouns: ………………………………………
- subs i u e p onouns:………………………………………….
Exe cise 3. Fo each p onoun in bold in he sen ences below, indica e which wo d o ph ase in he p eceding sen ence i eplaces.
a. The child en al eady know how o help adul s. Tha is good.
b. Lan is exci ed abou he o es ip. So a e we.
c. We ca ied baske s and hoes o he i e bank. The e, we ound many bamboo and mai shoo s.
Exe cise 4. Iden i y he p onouns in he ollowing lines:
"When I e u n, will you emembe me?
When you e u n, I emembe bo h he lowe s and he people."
(To Huu)
P onouns: _______________________________________
Exe cise 5. Iden i y he in e oga i e p onouns and p o ide he answe o each o he ollowing iddles:
a. Wha ee has a all unk,
Lea es spa se like comb,
Whose ui is illed
Wi h swee wa e ?
b. Who, om he illage o Nà Mạ,
Was innocen ye cou ageous,
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Sac i iced a a young age,
And le a name in he na ion’s his o y?
Exe cise 5. W i e a sho pa ag aph (5–7 sen ences) using a leas h ee di e en p onouns.
Sec ion B – Exe cises on Connec i es
Exe cise 1. Find he connec i es and pai s o connec i es in he ollowing passage, and s a e hei unc ion:
"The S o k and he He on we e b o he s, ye hei empe amen s we e e y di e en . The S o k was obedien and diligen in his
s udies, while he He on was lazy, lying idle all day. The S o k kep u ging him, bu he He on would no lis en. Thanks o his
diligence, he S o k became he bes s uden in he class."
— F om a Vie namese olk ale
● Connec i es used: ____________________________________________
● Func ion: _________________________________________________
Exe cise 2. Choose he app op ia e pai o connec i es o ill in he blanks so ha he sen ences a e comple e.
- because... he e o e / because... so
- no only... bu also
- al hough / e en hough... bu
a) Sp ing ………… b ings o he wo ld a esh g een colo ………… b ea hes in o he ai a sense o wa m h and com o .
b) ………… sp ing has b ough wa m sunshine o he o es ………… he ba e b anches ha e no ye sp ou ed new buds.
c) ………… sp ing has b ough ays o wa m sunshine ………… he scene y on ea h appea s mo e adian and ull o i ali y.
Exe cise 3. Cons uc a sen ence wi h each o he ollowing connec i es: o , in o de o, due o, by/wi h, wi h, o .
● o : ..............................................................................
● in o de o: ..................................................................
● due o: ........................................................................
● by/wi h: ......................................................................
● wi h: ............................................................................
● o : ................................................................................
Exe cise 4. T ans o m he ollowing simple sen ences in o compound sen ences by using connec i es.
a) The sky g ew da k. The wind blew iolen ly.
..................................................................................................................
b) I ained hea ily. I s ill wen o school.
..................................................................................................................
c) I was sick. I had o s ay home om school.
..................................................................................................................
d) Many people we e al eady wai ing a he pie . The boa had no ye a i ed.
..................................................................................................................
Exe cise 5. W i e a sho pa ag aph (5–7 sen ences) abou a na ional he o in which you use connec i es. S a e he unc ion o he
connec i es employed.
3) G oup o Exe cises on Synonyms and Polysemy
a) Exe cises on Synonyms
Exe cise 1. Which wo d can eplace he wo d in bold in he ollowing sen ence?
Bảo An was sick and had o s ay home o a week; she is making g ea e o s o ca ch up wi h he classma es.
A. pe se e ance
B. e o
C. excellence
D. agili y
Exe cises on Synonyms
Exe cise 2.
a) Find a synonym o each o he ollowing wo ds:
ca ing
diligen / ha dwo king
pe se e an / pe sis en
b a e / cou ageous
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b) Compose a sen ence using one o he synonyms you ha e iden i ied.
..................................................................................................................
Exe cise 3. Find synonyms o he wo d black o desc ibe he ollowing:
a) a ca : ...............................................................................................
b) a dog: ...............................................................................................
c) a pai o eyes: ..................................................................................
Exe cise 4. Dis inguish he nuances o meaning in he synonyms (in bold) in he ollowing se s o exp essions:
a) “… pale aces, oo s eps hea y as i weighed down by s one.”
b) A lily wi h pu e whi e blossoms.
c) A lock o s o ks dazzlingly whi e.
d) The ban lowe blooming, co e ing he moun ains in a blinding whi e.
Exe cise 5. Iden i y he synonyms in he ollowing sen ences. Unde line hose wo ds.
a) The Hùng King sough a son-in-law o P incess Mị Nương.
b) They we e selec ing wooden pilla s o equal heigh .
c) We we e choosing he s onges c icke s o a igh .
d) The company has jus ec ui ed new wo ke s.
Exe cise 6.
W i e a sho pa ag aph (5–7 sen ences) desc ibing ei he a sun ise o a sunse a a place you lo e, using a leas wo wo ds ha
deno e he colo yellow.
b) Exe cises on Polysemy
Exe cise 1. In each o he ollowing sen ences, indica e whe he he bold aced wo d is used in i s li e al meaning o in a igu a i e
meaning.
Sen ence
Meaning
a) When e e yone lends a hand, he wo k is quickly comple ed.
………………………..
b) A e he success o he Augus Re olu ion, poli ical powe
came in o he hands o he people.
………………………..
c) Huy opened his schoolbag, ook ou he new pen gi en by
his eache , and placed i in his hand o admi e..
………………………..
Exe cise 2. Cons uc sen ences o dis inguish be ween he li e al and igu a i e meanings o each o he ollowing wo ds:
● un
○ Li e al meaning: ________________________________________________
○ Figu a i e meaning: _____________________________________________
● swee
○ Li e al meaning: ________________________________________________
○ Figu a i e meaning: _____________________________________________
Exe cise 3.
In he ollowing sen ence, is he bold aced wo d used in i s li e al o igu a i e sense? Then compose a sen ence in which he
bold aced wo d con eys a igu a i e meaning.
“Bon has je -black eyes ha look uly beau i ul.”
● The bold aced wo d is used in he sense o : __________________________
● Compose a sen ence: _____________________________________________
Exe cise 4.
a) Ma ch he app op ia e meaning in Column B wi h he wo d “s and” in each sen ence om Column A:
A
B
I s ood wai ing o you a he school ga e.
o ope a e o wo k in a s anding posi ion
The wo ke ope a ed he machine (“s ood a he
machine”) o eigh hou s a day.
To be in an up igh pos u e, wi h he body s aigh and he
ee placed on he g ound
The moun ain s ood owe ing in on o us.
To be posi ioned e ically, pe pendicula o he su ace o
he ea h
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(b) In which sen ence om Exe cise 4 does he wo d “s and” con ey i s li e al meaning?
………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Compose sen ences using he wo d “s and” wi h he ollowing meanings:
● To occupy a ce ain posi ion in a lis o anking: …………………………………………
● To be in a s a e o immobili y o no mo emen : …………………………………………
Exe cise 5.
W i e a sho pa ag aph (5–7 sen ences) abou you school, in which you employ one polysemous wo d used in i s igu a i e sense.
4) G oup o Exe cises on Idioms
Exe cise 1.
Unde line he synonymous wo ds in each o he ollowing idioms:
a) o b andish big kni es and hamme s
b) o be o e ly picky, like choosing ish o b o h
c) a black dog gua ding ink
d) calm wa es and quie seas
e) young in age and imma u e in mind
Exe cise 2.
In which o he ollowing idioms does he wo d “ hành” (“ o become/achie emen / o ess”) bea a di e en meaning om he
o he s?
A. so beau i ul as o opple ci ies and kingdoms
B. success comes wi h he a i al o he ho se
C. small hings accumula e in o some hing g ea
D. o succeed in bo h achie emen s and epu a ion
Exe cise 3.
Iden i y na u al objec s o phenomena embedded in he ollowing idioms:
a) going up wa e alls, going down apids
b) winds ga he o become a s o m
c) lowing wa e wea s away s one
d) golden o es s, sil e seas
Exe cise 4. The bolded pa s in he sen ences in Column A can be eplaced by which idioms in Column B?
A
B
1) Li e is becoming inc easingly mode n and de eloped,
ye he Vie namese people s ill p ese e he ine
adi ional cus oms o he na ion.
a) Shoulde o shoulde
2) E e y yea , my wa d usually o ganizes ac i i ies o
hono and epay hose who ha e con ibu ed o he
e olu ion.
b) Fine cus oms and adi ions
3) In imes o ha dship and ad e si y, we ha e always
s ood by each o he , o e ing help and o e coming
e e y challenge oge he .
c) G a i ude and ecip oci y
Exe cise 5. Ma ch he idioms in Column A wi h hei co esponding meanings in Column B.
A
B
Plough deep and hoe
ho oughly
a) A place a o able o li elihood will a ac many people o se le.
Fi m ee can so en
s ones
b) To wo k diligen ly and indus iously (in a ming).
Whe e he land is good,
bi ds will se le
c) To be s ong and esilien , o e coming di icul ies and challenges.
Exe cise 6. Cons uc sen ences using he ollowing idioma ic exp essions:
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● Da e o hink, da e o ac
● Choose iends wi h ca e
● Fallen lea es e u n o hei oo s
● “Descendan s o he D agon and Fai y”
5) Exe cises on Co ec ing Lexical E o s
Exe cise 1. Iden i y he inco ec ly used wo ds in he ollowing sen ences and co ec hem.
a) “How wonde ul! Today is Sa u day, I woke up ea ly o un along he seasho e and b ea he he c ys al-clea ai .”
b) “The bus ca ied ou schoolma es on a seaside ip. E e yone was chee ul and exci ed. On he bus, hey sang, cha ed, and
giggled.”
c) “A e a busy day o wo k, in he e ening, unde he golden moonligh , he illage s ga he ed peace ully o es and sha e s o ies.”
Exe cise 2. Choose he app op ia e wo ds in pa en heses o eplace he i alicized ones so ha he sen ence con eys he in ended
meaning.
(peace ul, anquil, se ene, a duous, di icul , us ling, whispe ing)
a) “Looking a he ipened golden ice ields, I el ha my illage was uly a peace.”
b) “Tà Xùa is one o he mos beau i ul ‘cloud-hun ing pa adises’ in he no he n moun ains, bu he oad leading he e is indeed
a duous.”
c) “Whene e he wind blows, he lea es us le as hey b ush agains one ano he .”
Exe cise 3. Do he connec i es “bu ”, “so ha ”, and “and/while” in he ollowing sen ences co ec ly exp ess he seman ic
ela ions in ended? I no , which connec i es should be subs i u ed?
a) “My g and a he is old, bu his eyes a e no longe b igh .”
b) “The almond ee in he schoolya d is e y use ul o ou play so ha i p o ides shade.”
c) “Summe has a i ed! The lamboyan lowe s bloom c imson ac oss he schoolya d, while cicadas buzz h oughou he noon.”
Exe cise 4. Remo e edundan synonymous wo ds in he ollowing sen ences.
a) “The ields o my illage s e ch wide and as , ippling wi h wa es o ice.”
b) “Suddenly ain pou ed down; he lock o chickens scu ied chao ically in e e y di ec ion.”
c) “The school is he place whe e we g ow and ma u e.”
Exe cise 5. Replace he w ongly used wo ds in he ollowing sen ences wi h mo e app op ia e choices. In you iew, wha is he
main eason o hese misuses?
a) “A he Monday mo ning lag- aising ce emony, we lis ened o he highly aluable eachings o ou p incipal.”
b) “The days I e u ned o he coun yside o pick ea lea es we e he mos joy ul days.”
c) “Ha ing le he school, I miss dea ly e e y pa ch o g ass, e e y ee, he s ai ways, he class ooms, and my belo ed sea beside
my gi l iends.”
IV. CONCLUSION
The cons uc ion o a lexical exe cise sys em o G ade 5 s uden s, o ien ed owa d compe ency de elopmen , p o es o be
necessa y and easible in he p ac ical eaching o he Vie namese Language. The exe cise sys em no only p o ides eache s wi h
a ich esou ce o o ganizing lea ning ac i i ies bu also c ea es condi ions o s uden s o p ac ice, expe ience, and de elop hei
linguis ic compe ency ac i ely and c ea i ely.
Pa icula ly, he exe cises a e designed wi h di e en ia ion and eal-li e ele ance, helping o add ess limi a ions in ocabula y,
os e accu a e and e ec i e use o Vie namese, and nu u e s uden s’ lea ning mo i a ion. The esea ch esul s a i m he c ucial
ole o such an exe cise sys em as a ool ha simul aneously suppo s eaching, os e s educa ional de elopmen , and p o ides
assessmen oppo uni ies— he eby con ibu ing o he o e all imp o emen o Vie namese language ins uc ion in p ima y schools.
REFERENCES
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2) Diep Quang Ban, Hoang Văn Thung (2006), Vie namese G amma , Vol. 1, Vie nam Na ional Uni e si y, Hanoi P ess.
3) Diệp Quang Ban, Hoàng Văn Thung (2006), Vie namese G amma , Vol. 2, Vie nam Na ional Uni e si y, Hanoi P ess.
4) Hoang Hoa Binh - Nguyen Minh Thuye (2013), Vie namese Language Teaching Me hods om he P ima y School
Pe spec i e, Vie nam Educa ion Publishing House.
5) Minis y o Educa ion and T aining (2018), P omulga ing he Gene al Educa ion P og am.
6) Minis y o Educa ion and T aining, Vie namese Language Tex book G ade 5, Volumes 1 and 2, "Connec ing Knowledge o
Li e" se ies, Vie nam Educa ion Publishing House.
