Ci e his A icle as : HARFI, I. (2025). Spo & Technology: Fac o s In ol ed in Adop ing Eme ging Technologies in T aining Cou ses Dedica ed o Spo s P o essions.
In e na ional Jou nal o Business and Technology S udies and Resea ch, .7, n. 2, 12 pages, ISSN 2665-7716.
SPORT & TECHNOLOGY: FACTORS INVOLVED IN ADOPTING EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN TRAINING
COURSES DEDICATED TO SPORTS PROFESSIONS
Içam HARFI1
1 Maî e de Con é ences en Managemen des Sys èmes d’Éduca ion e de Fo ma ion dédiés aux Mé ie s de Spo , Ins i u des Mé ie s de Spo , Uni e si é Ibn
To ail Kéni a Ma oc
Abs ac : Discussions on he collec ion and in e p e a ion o massi e da a dedica ed o spo a e all he age. In a con ex o
agmen a ion o spo ing p ac ice and he weakening o adi ional s uc u es o p ocessing and analyzing spo ing da a in a
scien i ic manne , new o ms o managemen a e eme ging, con ibu ing o he es uc u ing and digi aliza ion o he spo ing
landscape (Phomsoupha e al., 2021). The quali a i e da a collec ion ook place du ing he second semes e , om Feb ua y 11
o Ap il 10, as pa o his esea ch p ocess. The in eg a ion o e iginous de ices ha aim o imp o e spo s pe o mance by
elying on A i icial In elligence and Big Da a Analy ics would be a ac o ha a o s bo h he imely s o age o ele an da a,
he e i ica ion o lea ning and spo s op imiza ion and sel -assessmen (Sounda djee e al., 2020) o maximize he pe o mance
o a hle es, playe s and eams and make p edic ions (Bossa d e al., 2009). In ac , he challenge o ins i u ionalizing hese ools
is o ancho speci ic aining cou ses in he long e m and o ensu e ha hei claims pene a e he Mo occan educa ion sys em.
Wi h his in mind, we analyzed he ac o s in ol ed in he adop ion and app op ia ion o echnologies as pa o he Spo
Analysis and Technology s udy p og am a he Spo P o ession Ins i u e. The pa icipan s in his s udy we e i s -yea s uden s
en olled in he Spo Analysis and Technology p og am, aged be ween 19 and 20 yea s, and engaged in di e en ypes o spo s
ac i i ies. To do his, we documen ed how s uden s en olled in such a cou se econcile hese ac i i ies wi h mode n echnological
e o m. On he o he hand, he use o a quali a i e s udy based on semi-s uc u ed in e iews p o ed p omising o explo e and
unde s and he ex en o which he explosion o hese inno a ions in he educa ional and spo ing sphe es has changed he
a en ions, in e es s and s akes o hese s uden s.
Key Wo ds: Digi aliza ion, Sys ems, Spo Pe o mance, Ins i u ionaliza ion, Spo P o essions
In e na ional Jou nal o Business and Technology S udies and Resea ch
ISSN: 2665
-
7716
h p://
www.ijb s .o g
Volume 7, Issue 2 - 2025
© In e na ional Jou nal o Business and Technology S udies and Resea ch- IJBTSR 2
1. INTRODUCTION
In e es in da a analysis has g own eno mously in ecen
yea s. Resea che s and expe s a e unanimous in poin ing
o he e ec i eness o hese ools in massaging
in o ma ion and exploi ing i o analysis and decision-
making pu poses. This massi e da a, gene ally collec ed
digi ally, p o ides c ucial in o ma ion o upg ading he
a ious s a egies o companies, wha e e hei special y
is. Like he digi al wo ld, he ield o Big Da a is unde going
a e i able expansion. Fo ecas s p edic an exponen ial
a e o g ow h, pa icula ly in echnologies dedica ed o
spo , and a e ans o ming his wo ld a b eakneck speed
(Williams e al., 2017). This logic is in line wi h he
po en ial o a ionaliza ion ha began wi h he second
indus ial e olu ion and has been ampli ied by he e a o
he hype mode n 'Technosphe e'. These digi al de ices
a e widesp ead h oughou he spo ing wo ld, used daily
in all i s ace s, and ha e p o ed o be pa icula ly sui able
o assessing and op imizing spo ing pe o mance and
can also gene a e key in o ma ion abou spo s and hei
echnical, ac ical and s a egic dimensions (Giblin e al.,
2016). Conside he impo ance o a da a analys in
collec ing, analyzing and in e p e ing la ge quan i ies o
da a du ing a ma ch o d aw use ul conclusions. Fo bo h
coaches and playe s/a hle es, he deploymen o digi al
echnology is conside ably changing wo king condi ions,
is making aining sessions mo e dynamic and is p o iding
a mo e imme si e expe ience, gene a ing a low o da a
while conside ing he a ious es ablished c i e ia, which,
once s o ed, can gi e ise o eliable analy ical esul s.
Gene ally, hese app oaches make i possible o p o ide a
cohe en ision o he o e all ac i i y o a hle es and
spo s o ganiza ions, o iden i y oppo uni ies o
imp o emen , o guide hei s a egic managemen o o
an icipa e ma ke s uc u es linked o he di icul ies o
moni o ing he e olu ion o supply and demand in e ms
o spo s p ac ices (Hallmann e al., 2011).
In ac , uni e si ies a e subjec o he same cons ain s as
o he pa s o he economy and a e obliged o ans o m
and adap o he new echnological and compe i i e wo ld
in o de o emain p ac ically iable. They will be apidly
and simul aneously implemen ing a mo e global and
cul u al app oach o he use o echnology in educa ion
(Migue , 2010). In addi ion, he ma ke dimension and he
co po a e issues in ol ed in de ining and s uc u ing
expe ise in he ield o knowledge and educa ion a e
sus ainable in he long e m, and he inno a i e use o
aining ools and p og ams a e all elemen s ha need o
be conside ed in his complex p ocess (S aii, s. d.).
Educa ion is no excep ion o his end, and many
go e nmen s a e in es ing in his sec o in he hope o
making hei educa ion sys ems mo e e icien and
e ec i e. In his espec , he Mo occan educa ional sys em
gene ally o e s a a o able o ganiza ional en i onmen
o ma ching uni e si y es ablishmen s o his
echnological and digi al ansi ion inhe en in educa ional
sys ems, which is sough by he playe s conce ned o
es ablish an asse i e and cohe en policy in e ms o he
use and app op ia ion o he ools o mode niza ion,
enabling uni e si ies o econs i u e a mo e e ec i e
na ional go e nance amewo k in he se ice o a be e
pe o mance o he Mo occan educa ional sys em.
O e he las ew yea s, his ques o pe o mance has
seen new echnologies e olu ionize he ield o spo , he
way in which spo is p ac iced and he aining cou ses
dedica ed o spo - ela ed p o essions. Spo s
o ganiza ions no longe seem o hink much abou his
eali y, which could be he d i ing o ce behind economic
and social de elopmen in he same way as he abili y o
imp o e he quali y o educa ion and aining in e ms o
he educa ional p og ams on o e by implemen ing an
inno a i e ec ui men and pedagogical suppo
s a egy(Tan e al., 2025). The e is a dea h o esea ch and
wo k on he use o echnology in he Mo occan spo s
con ex , and he issue o he ele ance o aining cu icula
cen e ed on spo s p o essions in ela ion o echnology
emains la gely undiscussed.
The aim o his a icle is o e ace he con ex o he
eme gence and he ac o s in ol ed in he adop ion and
app op ia ion o he Spo Analysis and Technology
p og am wi hin he Ins i u des Mé ie s de Spo . The
objec we in end o desc ibe is ope a ionalized in he o m
o a p ocess ha e ol es o e ime. This leads us o ame
his esea ch in e ms o wo undamen al ques ions: wha
is he ela ionship be ween spo and echnology, and o
wha ex en can he in eg a ion o diploma cou ses in
echno-spo , combined wi h a comme cial a ionale,
sa is y he equi emen s o he job ma ke ? I should be
no ed ha e ec i e segmen a ion can en ich p e e ences
and dis inc sou ces o choice and sa is ac ion o ainees
(S ewa e al., 2003). In pa icula , he aim is o show ha
hese wo sec o s a e no longe o ally disconnec ed, and
ha hey ha e come close oge he o e he las ew
decades, whe eas ini ially hey had e e y in en ion o
d i ing apa and being con ined o sepa a e sphe es
(Ba busse, 2002).
2. SPORTS TECHNOLOGY: THEORETICAL
BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY: STATE OF
KNOWLEDGE
Technology has become he subjec o mul iple and a ied
e-in ensi ied use o e he las en yea s o so, and has
become a polysemic e m (Masseglia, 2011). This
e ymological di e sion has gi en ise o ambigui y and
con usion in de ining he e m, especially when i is used
© In e na ional Jou nal o Business and Technology S udies and Resea ch- IJBTSR 3
in a sec o o ac i i y unde going con inuous change and in
ela ion o hyb id s uc u es such as spo s o ganiza ions
(Bayle, 2007). We in end o lis a ce ain numbe o
designa ions ela ing o echnology. In i s o iginal sense, i
is unde s ood as he s udy o ools and
echniques(Raynaud, 2016). By ex ension, Mans ield
(1970) de ines i as "a body o social knowledge conce ning
he indus ial a s"; whe eas Mélèse (1972) conside s i o
be a sub-sys em o a company and de ines i in ope a ional
e ms, i.e. a he le el o p oduc ion wo kshops and he
sales o ce. Haw ho ne (1971) cha ac e izes i as "a se o
me hodical p ocesses based on scien i ic knowledge
employed in p oduc ion". Jude and Pe in (1971) go on o
desc ibe " echnology as a complex se o scien i ic
knowledge, machines and ools, bu also he sys ema ic
mas e y o an e icien o ganiza ion o p oduc ion". Fo
hei pa , Nicolas, Sale ni and T onchon (1979) con i m
ha he e m gene ally co e s all he echniques
associa ed wi h he a s and sciences, o ganized and
in ended o he p oduc ion o he ans o ma ion p ocess.
Wi h hindsigh , i appea s ha echnology is no a simple
concep o acqui e. I is su p ising o no e ha he e is no
p ecise and consensual meaning o wha echnology is,
e en hough hese au ho s a emp o de ine i , albei only
pa ially. The in e es ing hing is o ealize ha he e a e
many o hem, and ha we ne e heless ind in mos o
hem he e ms which cons i u e he co e o wha will
p og essi ely de ine he concep ion o " echnology". The
concluding e lec ion ha can be made wi h ega d o
hese de ini ions e e s o he sys ems and me hods o
o ganiza ion ha make possible a pa icula le el o
ac i i y and design ( echnological po en ial) as well as all
he ields o s udy and p oduc s ha esul om i (Robène,
2017).
2.1. The scope o echnology in spo
The e m mode niza ion o spo o en appea s as a
consume ac i i y a ec ing pe o mance and spo ing
excellence (e iciency o mo emen , aining me hods,
op imiza ion o ools, e olu ion o in as uc u es and
egula ions, e c.). Howe e , heo e ical con ibu ions ha e
e ealed ha he uses o Da a, as we know hem in hei
cu en o m, only appea ed wo decades ago. The majo
scien i ic ad ances and eme ging ends in his a ea ha e
e ealed he way in which spo s a e p ac iced, moni o ed
and analyzed. This majo u ning poin led o he
p o essionaliza ion o all ac i i ies and a s eng hening o
he spo ing, educa ional and poli ical issues su ounding
spo s playe s (Robène & Lézia , 2006). Using a ew
s a egic de ices in he game, igh h ough o a i icial
in elligence and mo o image y, he e is a clea link wi h
he ce eb al men al ep esen a ion o an ac ion, wi hou i s
ac ual mo o execu ion on he pi ch. Digi iza ion,
memo iza ion and b ain-en i onmen in e ac ion
p ocesses a e impo an in ha hey o e in aluable help
in imp o ing spo s pe o mance (Cuenca-Ma ínez e al.,
2020). These ools seek o combine i ual eali y and
mo o image y o p o ide coaches wi h a de ailed,
quan i iable analysis o help hem acqui e a be e mo o
pa e n o echnical mo emen s(Pu an o e al., 2023). In
p inciple, hese a e he majo ounda ions o s a is ical
analysis and he elemen s ha make hem up, which a e
used o s udy phenomena h ough an in o ma ion sys em
based on da a collec ion, p ocessing, analysis,
in e p e a ion and dissemina ion o esul s o make he
da a unde s andable o spo s playe s. Spo and all i s
bodies a e o cou se a ec ed by his phenomenon, which
highligh s bo h he di icul y o exploi ing massi e da a in
e ms o olume, di e si y and speed; his ep esen s a
majo s a egic issue and a conside able echnical
challenge. These essen ial aspec s shed ligh , o example,
on he now undamen al dis inc ion be ween ancien and
mode n spo . O e ime, human in en i eness has mo ed
beyond in-dep h examina ions o s a is ics and es s
in ol ing he ex ac ion o in o ma ion and nume ical da a
o make in o med decisions owa ds new app oaches ha
aim o e hink he combina ion o spo
echnologies(Ra en, 2020), as well as he conce ns
associa ed wi h he p oduc ion o pe o mance and
spo ing ou pu (Loudche , 2011). This las poin is
undamen al because i unde lines he impo ance o he
in e ac ion be ween echnological inno a ion and spo by
ein eg a ing i in o a much b oade se o mechanisms
ela ing o AI and machine lea ning, which ha e now
become a ele an analyze o unde s anding he
meaning o spo . These ha e now become a ele an
analyze o unde s anding he meaning ha mode n
spo ing p ac ices a e acqui ing and an essen ial condi ion
o iden i ying cu en ends ha a e p o oundly
changing spo .
2.2. The ins i u ional con ex o spo s aining in
highe educa ion in Mo occo
The impo ance o highe educa ion o he de elopmen
o human capi al is a opical issue. The p og ess o human
capi al is based on he ounda ion o a high-quali y
© In e na ional Jou nal o Business and Technology S udies and Resea ch- IJBTSR 4
educa ion sys em, which is a eal le e o i s de elopmen .
F om his pe spec i e, he challenge acing uni e si ies is
becoming e e g ea e . Thei mission is o suppo he
de elopmen o lea ne s, ansmi knowledge, p oduce
esea ch and ain gene a ions o s uden s. To ul il his
mission, he go e nmen and he playe s in ol ed a e
obliged o ain highly quali ied human capi al wi h he
skills equi ed o mee he demands o he job ma ke . The
aim is o pu in place a cohe en s a egy based on a
aining and esea ch ecosys em ha aims o excellence
in i s s uc u es, sys ems and componen s, and ha elies
on ansdisciplina i y and he necessa y coo dina ion
be ween aining and esea ch o enhance he
a ac i eness o Mo occan uni e si ies.
A quali a i e su ey ca ied ou by he Mo occan Highe
Council o Educa ion, T aining and Scien i ic Resea ch
(CSEFRS, 2022) highligh ed he Kingdom's in en ion o
join he eme ging coun ies and build a knowledge-based
economy, which ine i ably in ol es p omo ing scien i ic
and echnological esea ch, h ough h ee majo
objec i es:
• Es ablish an o e iew o he scien i ic and
echnological esea ch sys em in Mo occo and i s
po en ial.
• Gi e scien i ic esea ch a g ea e ole,
• Shed mo e ligh on he implemen a ion o amewo k
law no. 51-17, p omulga ed in Augus 2019,
conce ning he educa ion, aining and scien i ic
esea ch sys em.
To assess he le el o aining, scien i ic esea ch,
go e nance and s a egy, he CSEFRS, in i s epo en i led
"Re o m o Highe Educa ion: S a egic Pe spec i es",
highligh ed ele an ecommenda ions wi h a iew o
p o iding a s uc u ing amewo k and a new dynamic o
he de elopmen o highe educa ion in Mo occo. These
include:
- The impe a i e o be pa o Mo occo's new socio-
economic de elopmen model by p o iding a ange o
aining cou ses in line wi h he expec a ions and
ambi ions o he Mo occan social p ojec , he needs o
he labo ma ke and he objec i es o social inclusion
o he a ious ca ego ies o he public conce ned.
- The obliga ion o in eg a e he p o ound changes and
mu a ions ha he digi al e olu ion is in he p ocess
o dissemina ing in all he compa men s and
ope a ing segmen s o hese componen s o he
sys em in o he educa ional o e , o ganiza ion and
go e nance o highe educa ion en i ies: ad ances in
academic and echnological knowledge, inno a ions in
e ms o modes o acquisi ion, lea ning and eaching,
modes o managemen and go e nance o ins i u ions
and o ganiza ions, ela ions be ween s akeholde s,
s eng hening o managemen skills, imp o emen o
ecep ion, accommoda ion and en e ainmen
condi ions in a eas dedica ed o s uden s, e c.
- The need o e isi he ways in which highe educa ion
ins i u ions a e oo ed in hei local en i onmen , in
he ligh o changes in local go e nance agains a
backd op o ad anced egionaliza ion, which calls o
new o ms o con ac ualiza ion be ween uni e si ies
on he one hand, and he S a e and he Region on he
o he , as well as wi h economic playe s, he business
wo ld, ci il socie y and he en i e ecosys em o highe
educa ion ins i u ions.
As a as spo is conce ned, se e al success ul
expe imen s ha e been ca ied ou a a ious uni e si ies
in e ms o business s a -ups, pa ne ships, con inuing
educa ion, social ini ia i es and cul u al and spo ing
e en s. The de elopmen o cul u al and spo ing ac i i ies
he e o e calls o he design o all he necessa y and
app op ia e in as uc u e and supe ision o make he
uni e si y a place o lea ning and li ing. In his espec ,
he app oach adop ed e e s o he p o isions o he
Cons i u ion, in pa icula a icle 33, which p o ides o
he inclusion o spo as a igh o e e y ci izen: " o ex end
and gene alize he pa icipa ion o young people in he
social, economic, cul u al and poli ical de elopmen o he
coun y; o help young people in eg a e ac i e and
associa i e li e and lend assis ance o hose expe iencing
di icul ies in adap ing academically, socially o
p o essionally; o acili a e young people's access o cul u e,
science, a , spo and leisu e, while c ea ing condi ions
conduci e o he ull deploymen o hei c ea i e and
inno a i e po en ial in all hese a eas". Beyond i s
undeniable con ibu ion o he physical and men al heal h
o s uden s, as well as o hei open-mindedness, spo
mus be conside ed in he planning and ex ension o he
uni e si y sys em and in he mas e plans o aining
cou ses, in o de o design an inno a i e enginee ing o
aining, cou ses dedica ed o young people wishing o
make hei ca ee in he ield o spo . S uc u ing was one
o he ecommenda ions made when he 2008-2020
s a egy o spo was d awn up a he Na ional
Con e ence on Spo . This s a egic planning a ionalized
© In e na ional Jou nal o Business and Technology S udies and Resea ch- IJBTSR 5
he sec o 's le e s o make i s ou pu clea e . I a ge ed all
a eas o spo , in e ms o how i is pe cei ed and
p ac iced, o se e as a le e o he coun y's
de elopmen , while de ising mechanisms and esou ces
o injec dynamism in o spo s s uc u es. The igu e
below shows he i e main le e s o he na ional spo
s a egy. The way in which academics iew his app oach
demons a es he ambi ion o he playe s in ol ed o
mode nize he go e nance o he spo s sec o , which is
becoming inc easingly impo an , by in oducing e o ms
in he aining sys em. In ela ion o his poin , i is up o
he go e nmen o ensu e a public policy o highe
educa ion, and o gua an ee he necessa y suppo and
elays a he le el o all he depa men s in ol ed. I is also
impo an o ensu e e icien coo dina ion be ween he
sec o al guidelines and hose o highe educa ion
p o ision, o achie e g ea e syne gy be ween he
exp ession o needs and he planning o ele an aining
cou ses a ound he main objec i es and
ecommenda ions, which conside he ollowing
dimensions:
1. De elop diploma cou ses o spo s p o essions.
2. De elop "p o essionalizing" aining cou ses
dedica ed o op-le el a hle es.
3. Boos he de ec ion p ocess and de elop i in
pa ne ship wi h he managemen eams wi hin he
school and ede a ions.
4. P omo e olun a y wo k o p o ide high-quali y
echnical suppo o spo s ac i i ies.
5. Regula e p i a e aining cen e s and es ablish an
o icial classi ica ion.
The aim is o p o ide he na ional employmen ma ke , as
a as possible, wi h he human esou ces and skills i
needs. The app op ia ion o aining in eme ging
echnologies cen e ed on spo calls o an op imal
con igu a ion.
Figu e 1: Le e s o he Na ional Spo S a egy 2008-2020/
Sou ce: F ench De elopmen Agency (AFD)
As men ioned abo e, howe e , he ques ion dese es o be
e hough in e ms o a pa hway, o he e y idea o
' echnology' and i s ela ionship wi h he concep o 'spo '
is oo ed in he genesis o close links wi h a e y lo y goal
o pe ec ion and inno a ion.
Following his s a e o play, we will se ou he
me hodology o ou ield s udy; he la e will enable us o
highligh he impo ance o his subjec and ill in he gap
in esea ch on his unde -exploi ed a ea. The s udy will
ocus on he aining cou ses on o e a he Ins i u e o
Spo s P o essions in e ms o he de elopmen s a egies
adop ed and made a ailable in ela ion o spo s
echnologies. I will also in ol e an explo a o y e alua ion
o he aining cou ses in spo s analysis and echnology
cu en ly in ope a ion, as well as hei e olu ion and
de elopmen p ospec s.
3. METHODOLOGY
Ou in en ion is o answe he ollowing ques ions:
1- How do s uden s on he spo analysis and echnology
pa hway mani es hemsel es bo h in he ques o
inno a i e p ac ices and in he pu sui o spo ing
pe o mance?
2- How can such a cou se maximize imme si e
knowledge and expe ience in e ms o da a analysis
and p ocessing?
3- Wha a e he di e en ways in which s uden s a e
cu en ly ackling his one ous ask?
While he in es iga i e echnique used du ing his
esea ch has enabled us o gain a be e unde s anding o
he speci ics o he esponses p ocessed, he appeal ha
his ques ioning may con e in he eyes o spo s playe s
can be adop ed on a la ge scale o iden i y he use o
echnology in spo and unde s and i s impac .
3.1. P esen a ion o he adop ed me hodology
F om a me hodological poin o iew, ou esea ch op s o
a quali a i e su ey echnique, based on a di ec ion ha is
as p ecise as possible, a he han a quan i a i e analysis.
The quali a i e phase o da a collec ion was conduc ed
du ing he second semes e , be ween Feb ua y 11 o Ap il
10 2024. The aim is o ob ain an unde s anding o he
issues ela ed o ou p oblem h ough a lexible and
ela i ely s uc u ed app oach. The highly con ex ualized
na u e o he esea ch gi es in e p e a ion a cen al
ole(Res i o e al., 2018). Fo his eason, we ha e op ed
© In e na ional Jou nal o Business and Technology S udies and Resea ch- IJBTSR 6
o he in e p e i is pa adigm as he ame o e e ence
o ou esea ch.
3.2. Induc i e and ela i is ic easoning in esea ch
Acco ding o Van de Ma en (1995), induc i e o
explo a o y esea ch is " esea ch in which we wan o ind
hings a he han p o e hings. I is he ype o esea ch
ha seems mos use ul, a leas a p esen , in educa ion".
This echnique, which esembles hema ic guidance, is
cha ac e ized on he one hand by i s induc i e
easoning(DEHBI & ANGADE, 2019), highligh ing he
passage o one o mo e obse a ions and hen leading o a
gene al conclusion, and on he o he by i s in e p e abili y
and i s me hodological s ance, which is cha ac e ized,
among o he hings, by he ac ha he cou se o he
in e iew and he o ien a ion o he ques ions a e se by
he in e iewe , and ha he wo king ins uc ions gi en a
he s a o he in e iew emphasize subjec - esea che
in e ac ion. This ool, bo owed as much om science as
om sociology, is essen ial o unde s anding he
dynamics and ep esen a ions o lea ning and he
ansmission o skills as pe cei ed by s uden s.
3.3 Semi-s uc u ed in e iews as a means o
ep esen ing knowledge
In addi ion o he igo ous analysis o he s udy, ou aim is
o highligh ele an aspec s ha shed o iginal ligh on he
s uden s' app op ia ion o a mode n aining p og am
dedica ed o he spo s p o essions, which is o en opaque
and li le in es iga ed in esea ch. The in e ac i e
dimension, howe e , p esen s aspec s o exchange and
con e sa ion ha guide he cou se o he semi-s uc u ed
in e iews, and ac on he ep esen a ions deeply
insc ibed in he minds o he s uden s in e iewed and he
meaning hey gi e o he objec unde s udy. Acco ding o
(Bauma d & Ibe , 2007), " he in e iew is a echnique
designed o collec , wi h a iew o hei analysis, discu si e
da a e lec ing in pa icula he conscious o unconscious
men al uni e se o indi iduals". I is wi hin his amewo k
ha we will collec da a, on he basis o a co pus made up
o wen y-se en in e iews, on which coding and analysis
a e ca ied ou and cen e ed a ound well-de ined hemes.
Cons an moni o ing o esponden s' con ibu ions
equi es egula eminde s o he ins uc ions and
explana ions o he closely ela ed ques ions. Ou ac ical
in e en ion was in ac able o limi some o he
subjec i i y pi alls encoun e ed by he in e iewees in
connec ion wi h an ins i u ional subjec ion ha guides he
concep ions o hei answe s:
• Use simple, cohe en e ms o make i easie o
esponden s o unde s and;
• A oid any a ec i e o emo ional cha ge ha may
in luence esponden s and de ia e om he meaning
o hei answe s;
• Use simple p omp s o acili a e he in e iew
p ocess;
• Cons an ly moni o he in e iew p ocess and
es ablish a ela ionship o us wi h esponden s.
Table 1: Resea ch design / Sou ce Au ho
Objec o analysis
T aining in Spo s Analysis
and Technology (AST) a he
Spo P o ession Ins i u e
(IMS).
Analysis amewo k
Mobiliza ion o an encoding
sys em (S auss & Co bin,
1997)
Analysis uni
Fac o s o he app op ia ion
o eme ging echnologies by
AST s uden s
Epis emological
pa adigm
In e p e a i ism
Modes o easoning
Induc i e case s udy
Da a collec ion and
analysis
Thema ic analysis and
seman ic p ocessing
The choice was made o conduc he quali a i e s udy ace-
o- ace. The objec i es we e de ined in ad ance o examine
he ele ance o p ac ices and mechanisms leading o he
acquisi ion o know-how, knowledge o skills acqui ed by
s uden s in he con ex o hei ac ualiza ion (B u, 2014).
To pu his concep o he es , we ocused ou a en ion
p ima ily on how s uden s en olled in such a cou se
econcile eaching p ac ices wi h mode n echnological
e o m. In gene al e ms, we a e conce ned wi h access o
he a ious echnologies and equipmen used in he ield
o spo . In his con ex , he i s axis de e mines he
easons behind s uden s' choice o cou se. The second
ocuses on he challenges o p o essionalizing he aining
o e and massi ying he echnological in as uc u e. The
© In e na ional Jou nal o Business and Technology S udies and Resea ch- IJBTSR 7
quali y o pedagogical suppo and awa eness o he use o
spo -cen e ed echnologies we e ex ensi ely
in es iga ed. Finally, we asked s uden s abou hei
egula use o sma phone pla o ms and applica ions o
spo s- ela ed da a p ocessing and analysis. A e gi ing
he in e iewee he oppo uni y o exp ess hemsel es
eely on each main heme, ollow-ups we e planned
du ing he in e iew on speci ic poin s o a oid bias
ela ed o he simple jux aposi ion o in o ma ion. The
ease o exp ession and le el o commi men o he s uden s
in e iewed la gely con ibu ed o he success ul
comple ion o he in e iew.
4. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS
The aim o his s udy was o documen how a hle es,
en olled in spo analysis and echnology aining,
app op ia e he echnological de ices used in spo . The
le el o adop ion o such a p og am depends on how i is
pe cei ed, i s use ulness, he easons gi en o choosing i
and he s uc u e in ol ed in i s adop ion. The use o
in e iews also p o ed ele an , since he app op ia ion
p ocesses s udied in a speci ic con ex , ha o eaching,
ha e been a ela i ely li le-add essed issue un il now. The
in e p e i is pe spec i e enabled us o unde s and he
phenomena and p ocesses linked o he adop ion and
app op ia ion o echnologies in he con ex o aining
analysis o echnology spo s, and o access and in e p e
he ep esen a ions o he in e iewees (Deme s, 2019).
We s opped he in es iga ion when we ealized ha we
had eached he poin o heo e ical sa u a ion (He pin,
2010) and had acqui ed a ela i ely accu a e gene al
knowledge o he p oblem unde s udy (Glase & S auss,
1967).
4.1. Thema ic Con en Analysis
This a icle hus p oposes a me hod o hema ic analysis
o he in-dep h examina ion o discu si e s a emen s. I is
based on he p emise ha he ea men o discou se
analysis uni s (wo ds, exp essions o simila meanings,
sen ences, pa ag aphs) is ou undamen al conce n. The
ex is cu up and o de ed using T opes so wa e, which
b ings ou he uni e ses o e e ence, men ions he
e ba ims and e i ies he ele ance o he p oposed
coding by espec ing he induc i e logic. Finally, he
p ocess p oceeds o shaping and modeling o in-dep h
in e p e a ion o he da a (Hube man & Miles, 1991). The
seman ic analysis o ex s ca ied ou by T opes enabled us
o exploi discu si e p oposi ional uni e ses based on
p econcei ed e e ences and scena ios. I also p o ided us
Figu e 2: The p ocess o g ounded heo y using he T opes
so wa e.
wi h classi ica ions a di e en le els o gene ali y
(wo ds, classes, ca ego ies, e c.). The igu e below shows a
schema ic ep esen a ion o he ca ego ical analysis
adop ed o he objec o ou s udy.
Figu e 3: Themes selec ed om he encoding sys em ca ied
ou / Sou ce Au ho .
4.2. Impo ance o echnology in spo s aining
p og ams
Fi s ly, al hough his axis is di ec ly linked o he Re o m
o he Mo occan Educa ional Sys em and o he
Uni e si y's ins i u ional policies and depends e y much
on well-planned s udy plans o gua an ee wide and
di e si ied access o basic digi al ools, eache s a e also
expec ed o be con inced o his echnological con ibu ion
and mus p epa e con en and p og ams de ining hei
© In e na ional Jou nal o Business and Technology S udies and Resea ch- IJBTSR 8
in eg a ion in o p o essional and spo ing li e. Some
s uden s poin o e ec i e eaching p ac ices as a
sp ingboa d o lea ning abou echnology: "... We need o
edouble ou e o s o p o ide echnological esou ces and
di e si y he ange o ac i i ies on o e , because s uden s
ha e needs [...] An e o on he pa o he eaching s a and
he adminis a ion o c ea e a clima e conduci e o
lea ning" (STUDENT 3).
Figu e 4: Cons ella ion o he Technology, Spo and
Educa ion Sphe es/ Sou ce T opes
The g aph abo e illus a es his idea pe ec ly. The
p opo ionali y is jus i ied no only by he close dis ance
be ween he "Technology", "Spo " and "Educa ion"
sphe es, bu also by he numbe o ela ionships ha link
hem.
When wo o mo e e e ences a e close oge he , hey ha e
many ela ionships in common. Wha 's mo e, he second
occu ence on he le o he "Teaching" sphe e as an ac an
elemen clea ly shows ha eache s a e leaning mo e
owa ds adop ing an inno a i e pedagogical app oach
inno a i e pedagogical app oach o he use o new
echnologies in spo . Such an app oach mus , while
mobilizing scien i ic knowledge, en ich hinking a ound
new digi al ools exploi ed in spo ing si ua ions, i.e. ools
exploi ed in he ield, and he p ocessing o all a iables
ob ained by hese ins umen s.
4.3. In as uc u e, equipmen & echnological ools a
he Spo P o ession Ins i u e (IMS)
Thanks o echnological p og ess, scien is s ha e made
signi ican ad ances in spo s science. In as uc u e is he
d i ing o ce behind his e olu ion, and he backbone o
any mode n o ganiza ion. I can ep esen a signi ican
in es men , and globally co esponds o all he equipmen ,
so wa e and p o ocols equi ed o i s smoo h ope a ion.
The second elemen is he IMS in as uc u e. Fo his, i 's
impo an o look ahead and p ecisely de ine you
equi emen s, no only now, bu also in he u u e. Tha 's
why ou ques ion ocused essen ially on he ele ance o
he equipmen , ooms and ools a ailable o he ins i u e
and hei use in he ield o spo s, and on he cohesion o
i s a chi ec u e wi h s uden expec a ions.
Figu e 5: "In as uc u e" cen e class and i s ela ionship
wi h he " echnology" sphe e / Sou ce T opes
The quali y and co e age o he in as uc u e ne wo k is
amply demons a ed in esponden s' answe s: "... he
Ins i u e has a compu e oom equipped wi h compu e s and
a mul imedia oom, spo s in as uc u es and acili ies, e c.
in sho , condi ions a e sa is ac o y". (STUDENT 9).
Howe e , he p esence o he "expe imen a ion" sphe e, a
om he cen e , poin s o he absence o lea ning
si ua ions ha enable s uden s o app op ia e an
expe imen al app oach, whe e eache s a e in sea ch o
pedagogical imp o emen . The cu en in as uc u e is
no conduci e o s udies ha ha e ocused on in es iga i e
app oaches, and p ac ical wo k ha has a posi i e impac
on he de elopmen o expe imen al skills.
In addi ion, isi s a e scheduled by he Ins i u e's
adminis a ion o o eign uni e si ies o p omo e
coope a ion and encou age inno a ion, he eby inc easing
he body o knowledge on he use o new and
e olu iona y spo s echnologies. As a esul o his
expe ience, he Di ec o o he Ins i u e o Spo s
P o essions, du ing his isi o he Uni e si y o Bo deaux,
commi ed himsel o exchanging bes p ac ices and
p og aming academic esea ch, scien i ic semina s and
con e ences be ween he wo ins i u ions, and o signing
ag eemen s conce ning he impo o ce ain echnological
ools used o op imize spo ing pe o mance.
© In e na ional Jou nal o Business and Technology S udies and Resea ch- IJBTSR 9
4.4. Fac o s in he adop ion and app op ia ion o
echnological ools in spo
Spo is a cons an sou ce o inno a ion(Isse e e al.,
2023). A en ion o s uden s' lea ning and o hei
pedagogical and scien i ic objec i es is an impo an ac o
in his s udy, pa icula ly when i comes o s uden s'
pe cep ions o how o app op ia e inno a i e
echnological ools aimed a imp o ing pe o mance,
expe ience o accessibili y o spo . Based on he in e iew
esponses, he s uden s ag ee mainly on he analysis o
spo s da a wi h he aim o imp o ing playe pe o mance
and gaining a compe i i e edge(Glebo a & Des on aine,
2020). This in ol es he sys ema ic compu e analysis o
spo s- ela ed da a, using so wa e oo ed in adi ional
uses such as o ice au oma ion o s a is ics (Phomsoupha
e al., 2021).
As a esul , he esul s highligh a gene ally unclea
pe cep ion. The app op ia ions on echnology adop ion
a e summed up in he Da a-Analys p o ession, as he
ollowing ex ac s poin ou : "I wan o be a Da a-Analys in
a Foo ball eam" (STUDENT 15), "Since childhood I' e been
passiona e abou spo and I d eam o being a spo sman o
wo king in a ield ela ed o spo as a Da a-Analys "
(STUDENT 8), o "... I wan o become a Da a-Analys ... i can
play a decisi e ole in he eam especially Foo ball.... I can
deli e he s a is ics needed o co ec e o s and s abilize
playe pe o mance..." (STUDENT 1).
Figu e 6: s a is ical da a analysis as a undamen al s uden
pe cep ion
In iew o hese s a emen s, i is necessa y o poin ou ha
a signi ican p opo ion o s uden s a e unable o
inco po a e o he ou le s o hei aining, and hei
pe cep ion o he cou se emains limi ed. s uden s should
be awa e ha he cou se o e s nume ous ca ee
oppo uni ies and equips hem wi h he knowledge and
skills equi ed o mas e he undamen als o spo s
p ac ice in ela ion o eme ging echnologies; he cou se is
based on a mul i-disciplina y ision co e ing he a ious
spo s p o essions, and no jus he Da a-analys
p o ession.
5. CONCLUSION
A he end o his e lec ion, we ha e aken an
explo a o y look a he elemen s ob ained om he s udy,
in o de o obse e wha s uden s' cu en pe cep ion and
app op ia ion o he Spo Analysis and Technology
S eam migh e eal in e ms o meaning. Ques ioning he
place acco ded o he de elopmen o such a newly-
launched aining p og am, whe e i is s ill di icul o
iden i y ecu ing modes o use o he eme ging
echnology, has so a p o ed a challenge.
Fi s ly, analysis o he in e iews e ealed an o e all
posi i e a i ude owa ds aining, suppo ed by se e al
bene i s pe cei ed by he s uden s. S uden s' pe cep ions
o he main uses and bene i s inhe en in he use o spo s
echnologies os e ed a good lea ning expe ience. On he
o he hand, he spo s pe o mance and echnology
indus y a e an exci ing and as -g owing ield ha is
ha ing a p o ound impac on he wo ld o spo . Al hough
su icien echnology in as uc u e is a ailable, i is
la gely gea ed owa ds compu e and o ice lea ning, and
alls a sho o p o iding a pla o m o ad anced
algo i hms and he p ocessing o la ge amoun s o da a in
eal ime o be e unde s and playe pe o mance and
s a egy, o p edic i e analysis o help eams and coaches
make be e decisions.
Ano he ema kable inding o his s udy is ha i is
impo an o poin ou ha he ounda ion o an inno a i e
aining sys em by he supe iso y minis y is oday mo e
in e es ing o wha i will gene a e as a mo emen
accompanying a whole ange o ac o s and s akeholde s
(spo s mo emen , p og am ini ia o s, p ojec leade s,
s uden s, use s, e c.). This means ha eache - aine s
need o ha e an excellen g asp o echnologies and hei
pedagogical in eg a ion in o eaching.
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- B u, M. (2014). Le choix de l’obse a ion pou l’é ude
des p a iques enseignan es. Reche ches en éduca ion,
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- Da id, A. (1999). Logique, épis émologie e
mé hodologie en sciences de ges ion. Con é ence de
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