Co esponding au ho : Mohammad Subhi Al-Saudi
Copy igh © 2025 Au ho (s) e ain he copy igh o his a icle. This a icle is published unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion Liscense 4.0.
Lung cance in emales: Mili a y cance cen e expe ience in Jo dan
Mohammad Subhi Al-Saudi 1, *, Hashem Sami Alnajdawi 1, Lay h Hamdan Z ayga 1, Hasan Hashem Al Abdalla 1,
Osamah Youse Al halge 2 and Yasmin Mahmoud Alsaida 3
1 Depa men o Haema o-oncology, Mili a y Cance Cen e , Jo danian Royal Medical Se ices, Amman, Jo dan.
2 Depa men o Anes hesia and in ensi e ca e, Jo danian Royal Medical Se ices, Amman, Jo dan.
3 Depa men o His opa hology, Jo danian Royal Medical Se ices, Amman, Jo dan.
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 21(01), 359-363
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 03 Decembe 2024; e ised on 08 Janua y 2025; accep ed on 10 Janua y 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.21.1.0028
Abs ac
Objec i e: o e alua e he clinical p ope ies, pa hological p ope ies and he su i al da a o 80 lung cance emale
pa ien s who we e managed in ou cen e .
Me hods: his e ospec i e s udy included 80 emale pa ien s wi h lung cance ha we e ea ed in The Mili a y Cance
Cen e o he Jo danian Royal Medical se ices be ween Janua y 2022 and Janua y 2024, he pa ien s pa hological,
clinical and su i al da a will be e iewed and analyzed.
Resul s: g oup age was be ween 41 o 82 yea s (mean o 60.18 ± 11.72). 82.5% o pa ien s we e diagnosed wi h non-
small cell lung cance (NSCLC), 17.5% o pa ien s had small cell lung cance (SCLC), 30% o pa ien s we e smoke s.
Signi ican weigh loss was obse ed in 40% o pa ien s. Como bidi y was p esen in 43.75% o pa ien s wi h
hype ension being he mos common one 36.25%. Adenoca cinoma was he mos common his ological sub ype 56%.
The one-yea su i al a e was 70% and he wo-yea su i al a e was 37.5%.
Conclusion: ou s udy showed ha ad anced s age, weigh loss, poo ECOG sco e and NSCLC sub ype we e a main
p ognos ic ac o s in emales wi h lung cance in Jo dan.
Keywo ds: Female; Lung cance ; Smoking, Jo dan; Su i al; Adenoca cinoma
1. In oduc ion
Lung cance is conside ed numbe one cause o dea hs ela ed o cance in males wo ldwide and i is conside ed he
second leading cause o cance ela ed dea hs in emales a e b eas cance .(1)
The incidence o lung cance in emales has a wide ange be ween (0.6 - 35.6) housand pe cen , his ange depends on
he geog aphical a ea.(2) Due o he an i-smoking wo ldwide consciousness and campaigns he mo ali y ela ed o
lung cance has been educed among males while in emales he e has been a signi ican ise in he mo ali y ela ed o
lung cance , his could be a ibu ed o he inc eased numbe o emale smoke s.(3)
In compa ison o males a a ie y o ea u es di e among emales such as he e iology, he his ological ype o cance o
he a es o su i al o lung cance , howe e smoking s ill he main isk ac o among bo h gende s.(4) O he ela ed
isk ac o s o lung cance in non-smoke s a e passi e smoking, exposu e o asbes os, adon, gene ic and ho monal
ac o s.(5)In ou s udy we aim o e alua e he clinical p ope ies, pa hological p ope ies and he su i al da a o 80
lung cance emale pa ien s who we e managed in ou cen e .
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 21(01), 359-363
360
2. Me hods
The medical eco ds o 80 emale pa ien s wi h lung cance a e analyzed e ospec i ely. The a ge ed g oup o pa ien s
ha e been ea ed in The Mili a y Cance Cen e o he Jo danian Royal Medical se ices be ween Janua y 2022 and
Janua y 2024. The pa ien s pa hological, clinical and su i al da a will be e iewed and analyzed.
The analysis o da a will be on he his opa hological ype o lung cance , he s age o cance , he pe o mance s a us, he
p esence o weigh loss, hemoglobin le el, age, smoke o no , and he p esence o como bidi ies (hype ension, diabe es
melli us and co ona y a e y disease).
The pe o mance s a us o he pa ien s be o e ini ia ing he ea men will be e iewed and e alua ed using he
pe o mance sco ing o Eas e n Coope a i e Oncology G oup (ECOG).(6) Using he Ame ican Join Commi ee on Cance
(AJCC) TNM (8 h edi ion) he s ages o cance will be de e mined.(7)
Signi ican weigh loss will be de ined as weigh loos o >10 % in he las six mon hs a he ime o he diagnosis. The
hemoglobin le el ob ained om he ou ine blood es ha was done be o e he ea men .
The ob ained da a will be s a is ically analyzed using S a is ical Package o he Social Sciences o Windows.; e 24.
(A mok. NY: IBM Co p) so wa e o s a is ical analysis.
3. Resul s
The e we e 80 emale pa ien s in ou s udy aged be ween 41 o 82 yea s (mean o 60.18 ± 11.72), o hose 49 pa ien s
(61.25%) aged less han 65 yea s and 31 pa ien s (38.75%) aged 65 yea s and abo e. In ou s udy g oup he e we e 66
pa ien s (82.5%) diagnosed o ha e non-small cell lung cance (NSCLC) and 14 pa ien s (17.5%) o ha e small cell lung
cance (SCLC). The his opa hological sub ypes we e ound o be 56% adenoca cinoma (37 pa ien s), 16.67% squamous
cell ca cinoma (11 pa ien s), 15.15% la ge cell ca cinoma (10 pa ien s) and in 12.12% a e neu oendoc ine ca cinoma
(8 pa ien s), Table 1. 24 pa ien s (30%) we e smoke s. Rega ding signi ican loss o weigh was posi i e in 32 pa ien s
(40%). 35 pa ien s (43.75%) we e ound o ha e como bidi y, hose was as ollowing: 29 pa ien s (36.25%) wi h
hype ension, 12 pa ien s (15%) wi h diabe es melli us and 11 pa ien s (13.75%) wi h co ona y a e y disease. The
ECOG sco es we e ound o be 0 in 26 pa ien s (32.5%), 1 in 39 pa ien s (48.75%) and sco e o 2 and abo e in 15 pa ien s
(18.75%). Rega ding he s age o he disease; 3 pa ien s (3.75%) o NSCLC we e s age 1, 9 pa ien s (11.25%) we e s age
2, 22 pa ien s (27.5%) s age 3 and 32 pa ien s (40.0) % we e s age 4. S aging in he SCLC pa ien s was as ollowing: 6
pa ien s (7.5%) o ha e limi ed s age and 8 pa ien s (10%) o ha e ex ensi e s age, Table 2.
Table 1 His ological ype and sub ype o lung cance in emales
Type
Numbe o pa ien s
Pe cen age %
Non-small cell lung cance
66
82.5%
Small cell lung cancce
14
17.5%
To al
80
100%
Non -small cell lung cance sub ypes
Adenoca cinoma
37
56%
Squamous cell ca cinoma
11
16.67%
La ge cell ca cinoma
10
15.15%
Neu oendoc ine ca cinoma
8
12.12%
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 21(01), 359-363
361
Table 2 Risk ac o s in emale pa ien s wi h lung cance
Numbe o pa ien s
Pe cen age %
Age
<65 yea s
49
61.25%
≥65 yea s
31
38.75%
Smoking
Yes
24
30%
No
56
70%
Weigh loss
Yes
32
40%
No
48
60%
Como bidi ies
yes
35
43.75%
No
45
56.25%
Hype ension
29
36.25%
Diabe es melli us
12
15%
Co ona y a e y disease
11
13.75%
Ini ial ECOG
ECOG 0
26
32.5%
ECOG 1
39
48.75%
ECOG ≥2
15
18.75%
NSCLC s age
S age 1
3
3.75%
S age 2
9
11.25%
S age 3
22
27.5%
S age 4
32
40.0%
SCLC s age
Limi ed
6
7.5%
ex ensi e
8
10%
ECOG Eas e n Coope a i e Oncology G oup, NSCLC non small cell lung cance , SCLC small cell lung cance
Table 3 ea ing modali y ype and numbe s
Type
Numbe o pa ien s
Pe cen age %
Su ge y
14
17.5%
chemo adio he apy
25
31.25%
Sys emic ea men
37
46.25%
Pallia i e ca e
4
5.00%
Rega ding he ea men , 14 pa ien s (17.5%) had su ge y (ei he wi h o wi hou adju an he apy), 25 pa ien s
(31.25%) had chemo adio he apy (ei he wi h consolida i e managemen o no ), 37 pa ien s (46.25%) had sys emic
ea men (Chemo he apy, immuno he apy o a ge ed ea men ) and pallia i e managemen was applied in 4 pa ien s
(5.0%), Table 3. The o e all su i al (OS) du ing he ollow up pe iod was as he ollowing: one-yea OS was (70%) and
wo-yea s OS was (37.5%). The ac o s ha a ec ed he a e o su i al we e NSCLC sub ype, ad anced s age, weigh
loss and low ECOG sco e a ime o diagnosis.
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4. Discussion
Wo ldwide i is es ima ed ha 1 in 17 women o e hei li e ime will de elop lung cance , and o e 600,000 women
die each yea om lung cance .(8) Acco ding o he wo ld heal h o ganiza ion lung cance emains he leading cause o
dea h ela ed o cance es ima ed o be 1.8 million dea hs 18% in 2020, unluckily abou 58% o newly diagnosed lung
cance cases occu in he de eloping coun ies.(9)
E en hough lung cance occu s mo e equen in males, i is conside ed a se ious h ea o emales oday. In ou
coun y Jo dan, acco ding o he da a om Jo dan Cance Regis y published in 2022; lung cance is he 8 h mos
common cance in emales and i is he 3 d mos common cause o mo ali y ela ed o cance among emales.(10)
Smoking is conside ed he leading cause o lung cance in bo h males and emales, app oxima ely esponsible o 85%
o cases, and among smoke s abou 20% de elop lung cance .(11) Acco ding o he da a om ou coun y Jo dan in
2022, i is es ima ed ha obacco use s and smoke s a e 2.77 million people, 2.29 million o hem a e males and 483,000
a e emales,(12) and his numbe a e inc easing. In ou s udy, he esul s showed ha 30 % o ou emale pa ien s go
his o y o smoking. The li e a u e shows ha he a es o non smoke emale pa ien s who de elop lung cance a e
20%,(13) howe e in ou s udy he numbe o non smoke emales was highe 70%, we hink his is ela ed o passi e
smoking, en i onmen al ac o s like using wood based o ens and hea e , and o he social emba assmen o emales in
ou coun y o admi he ac hey a e smoke s o had a his o y o smoking.
When e alua ing he his ological sub ypes o lung cance , i appea s ha SCLC makes be ween 17-34% o lung cance s
in emales acco ding o he li e a u e,(14) and in ou s udy esul s i shows ha SCLC a e 17.5% which is keeping in
line wi h he li e a u e.(15) Adenoca cinoma is conside ed he mos common sub ype o NSCLC ha is p esen in
emales making abou 60% o he cases. Howe e , squamous cell lung cance which ela ed o smoking occu s in 30%
o emales wi h lung cance which is less han male a es,(16) in ou s udy esul s i shows ha 56% o emales had
adenoca cinoma, 16.67% had squamous cell ca cinoma, 15.15% had la ge cell ca cinoma and 12.12% had
neu oendoc ine ca cinoma.
A numbe o published s udies shows ha su i al is being be e in emales han males,(17) his could be a ibu ed o
emales being espond be e o pla inum-based chemo he apies and his esponse being signi ican mo e in he
adenoca cinoma.(18)Ou s udy esul s show one-yea su i al a e o 70% and wo-yea su i al a e o 37.5% in
pa ien s which is consis en wi h he li e a u e.
Many p ognos ic ac o s play an impo an ole in lung cance , o hose a e: weigh loos, ad anced s age, male gende ,
poo pe o mance s a us and non-su gical ea men a e conside ed he mos un a o able ones.(19) In ou s udy he
esul s show ha weigh loss and ad anced s age a e nega i e p ognos ic ac o s o lung cance in emale pa ien s.
5. Conclusion
Lung cance among emales is a majo heal h issue in ou coun y. The low ECOG sco e, ad anced s age, weigh loss and
squamous cell lung cance all a e iden i iable isk ac o s ha a ec he su i al. Mo e s udies wi h la ge numbe s
among emale pa ien s wi h lung cance need o be done in o de o in es iga e he e iological and p ognos ic ac o s
besides smoking in ou coun y.
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Acknowledgmen s
Ou g ea app ecia ion o ou acili y “Royal Medical se ices” o hei con inuous suppo and assis ance. G ea hank
o ou colleague doc o Anas Elamai eh o his suppo and assis ance.
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
No con lic o in e es o be disclosed.
S a emen o e hical app o al
The p esen esea ch wo k does no con ain any s udies pe o med on animals/human subjec s by any o he au ho s.
Wo ld Jou nal o Biology Pha macy and Heal h Sciences, 2025, 21(01), 359-363
363
S a emen o in o med consen
Due o he e ospec i e na u e o his s udy, In o med consen om pa ien s was wai ed.
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