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2025
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«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
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DEFINING GLOBALIZATION: DISCUSS ITS MAIN FEATURES
Ziyadullaye a Mohi a Tagaye na
Usmono Jamshid Odil o’g’li
Mama o Xasan Bozo boy o’g’li
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17532522
Abs ac . Globaliza ion ep esen s a complex and mul idimensional p ocess ha has
eshaped he economic, poli ical, and cul u al dynamics o he mode n wo ld. This s udy aims o
de ine he concep o globaliza ion and examine i s p incipal ea u es h ough an analy ical
e iew o exis ing academic li e a u e. The esea ch iden i ies globaliza ion as an e ol ing
phenomenon d i en by echnological inno a ion, libe aliza ion o ade, and he apid exchange
o in o ma ion ac oss bo de s.
Key wo ds: ne wo k socie y, global go e nance gap, globaliza ion, An hony Giddens,
in luencing economic, poli ical, social, cul u al dimensions.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ: ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ ЕЁ ОСНОВНЫХ
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК
Аннотация. Глобализация представляет собой сложный и многомерный процесс,
изменивший экономическую, политическую и культурную динамику современного мира.
Целью данного исследования является определение понятия глобализации и
рассмотрение её основных характеристик посредством аналитического обзора
существующей научной литературы. В исследовании глобализация определяется как
развивающееся явление, обусловленное технологическими инновациями, либерализацией
торговли и быстрым трансграничным обменом информацией.
Ключевые слова: сетевое общество, разрыв в глобальном управлении,
глобализация, Энтони Гидденс, влияние на экономические, политические, социальные и
культурные аспекты.
In oduc ion
Globaliza ion has become one o he mos de ining phenomena o he wen y- i s
cen u y, in luencing economic, poli ical, social, and cul u al dimensions o human li e. I e e s
o he p ocess o inc easing in e connec ion and in e dependence among na ions h ough he
mo emen o goods, se ices, capi al, in o ma ion, and people. The accele a ion o echnological
inno a ion and in e na ional communica ion has signi ican ly expanded global in e ac ions,
ans o ming he wo ld in o an in eg a ed sys em. Schola s o en desc ibe globaliza ion as bo h
an oppo uni y o p og ess and a challenge o na ional so e eign y and iden i y. The e o e,
examining he undamen al ea u es o globaliza ion is essen ial o unde s anding i s impac on
mode n socie y and global de elopmen .
Li e a u e Re iew
The concep o globaliza ion has been analyzed om mul iple academic pe spec i es,
including economics, sociology, and poli ical science. Acco ding o An hony Giddens,
globaliza ion e e s o he in ensi ica ion o wo ldwide social ela ions linking dis an locali ies,
emphasizing he ole o mode n communica ion and echnology in shaping global in e ac ions.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
In e na ional scien i ic jou nal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Simila ly, Da id Held and his colleagues a gue ha globaliza ion ep esen s a
ans o ma ion in he spa ial o ganiza ion o social ela ions and ansac ions, gene a ing
anscon inen al ne wo ks o ac i i y, in e ac ion, and powe .
Economis s such as Joseph S igli z highligh he dual na u e o globaliza ion, desc ibing i
as bo h a d i e o economic de elopmen and a sou ce o inequali y be ween na ions. In
con as , c i ics like Dani Rod ik cau ion ha globaliza ion can unde mine na ional policy
au onomy and lead o social ins abili y i no p ope ly managed. Fu he mo e, Manuel Cas ells
links globaliza ion o he eme gence o a “ne wo k socie y,” whe e in o ma ion and
communica ion echnologies eshape economies and cul u es on a global scale.
O e all, he li e a u e sugges s ha globaliza ion is a mul i ace ed p ocess wi h p o ound
implica ions o de elopmen , go e nance, and iden i y. While some schola s iew i as a
pa hway o p ospe i y and in e connec edness, o he s emphasize i s po en ial o deepen
dispa i ies and e ode adi ional s uc u es.
Analysis and Discussion o Resul s
The e iewed li e a u e e eals ha globaliza ion is no a singula o uni o m p ocess bu
a he a complex in e play o economic, echnological, and socio-cul u al o ces. Giddens
concep ualizes globaliza ion as he in ensi ica ion o wo ldwide social ela ions, emphasizing he
ans o ma i e ole o mode n communica ion echnologies. His pe spec i e highligh s he
sociological dimension, whe e spa ial and empo al ba ie s be ween socie ies diminish, c ea ing
a “global consciousness.” This idea aligns wi h Held e al who desc ibe globaliza ion as he
es uc u ing o social and economic ela ions on a anscon inen al scale. Bo h au ho s ag ee ha
echnological ad ancemen ac s as he p ima y ca alys , ye Held’s amewo k in oduces a
s onge emphasis on he ins i u ional and poli ical mechanisms ha sus ain global
in e connec i i y.
In con as , economic schola s such as S igli z app oach globaliza ion h ough he lens o
economic in eg a ion and ma ke libe aliza ion. He acknowledges i s po en ial o p omo e g ow h
and de elopmen , pa icula ly in eme ging economies, bu wa ns ha he bene i s a e unequally
dis ibu ed. This a gumen con as s sha ply wi h he op imism o ea ly globaliza ion heo is s,
sugges ing ha he global economy pe pe ua es s uc u al inequali ies a he han elimina ing
hem. Simila ly, Rod ik ex ends his c i ique by asse ing ha globaliza ion may e ode na ional
so e eign y and weaken go e nmen s’ abili y o pu sue independen policy objec i es. His
analysis in oduces he no ion o a “global go e nance gap,” whe e in e na ional ma ke s e ol e
as e han he poli ical ins i u ions mean o egula e hem.
F om a socio echnical pe spec i e, Cas ells in oduces he concep o he “ne wo k
socie y,” emphasizing ha globaliza ion is insepa able om he digi al e olu ion. His model
po ays globaliza ion no me ely as an economic o poli ical phenomenon bu as a
econ igu a ion o human in e ac ion h ough in o ma ion ne wo ks. This amewo k b oadens
he discou se by illus a ing how powe , iden i y, and cul u e a e inc easingly media ed by digi al
connec i i y.
Syn hesizing hese pe spec i es, i becomes e iden ha globaliza ion’s de ining
cha ac e is ics—in e connec edness, echnological accele a ion, and ins i u ional
ans o ma ion—ca y bo h oppo uni ies and con adic ions.
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The con e gence o ma ke s and cul u es os e s inno a ion and exchange bu
simul aneously deepens di isions be ween de eloped and de eloping egions. Consequen ly,
globaliza ion should be unde s ood no as a linea p ocess o in eg a ion bu as a dialec ical
dynamic—one ha con inuously eshapes global ela ions h ough ension, adap a ion, and
nego ia ion.
Conclusion and sugges ions
In conclusion, globaliza ion eme ges as a mul idimensional and con inuously e ol ing
phenomenon ha eshapes he ounda ions o economic, poli ical, and cul u al sys ems
wo ldwide. The e iewed li e a u e demons a es ha globaliza ion canno be unde s ood
h ough a single heo e ical lens; a he , i equi es a holis ic app oach encompassing bo h i s
in eg a i e and dis up i e dimensions. Schola s such as Giddens and Held highligh he
ans o ma i e ole o echnology and communica ion in linking dis an socie ies, while
economis s like S igli z and Rod ik unde sco e he une en dis ibu ion o i s bene i s and he
e osion o na ional au onomy.
Cas ells u he b oadens his unde s anding by linking globaliza ion o he digi al
ans o ma ion ha de ines con empo a y socie y.
The analysis e eals ha globaliza ion simul aneously p omo es in e dependence and
inequali y, in eg a ion and agmen a ion. I s de ining ea u es— echnological ad ancemen ,
libe aliza ion, and in e connec edness—p esen bo h oppo uni ies o coope a ion and
challenges o go e nance and social cohesion. The e o e, unde s anding globaliza ion equi es
no only acknowledging i s po en ial o p og ess bu also add essing i s con adic ions h ough
equi able policies and inclusi e in e na ional amewo ks. Only h ough such a balanced
app oach can he wo ld ully ha ness he posi i e ou comes o globaliza ion while mi iga ing i s
ad e se e ec s.
Re e ences
1. Cas ells, M. (1996). The Rise o he Ne wo k Socie y. Ox o d: Blackwell Publishe s.
2. h ps://schola .google.com/ci a ions? iew_op= iew_ci a ion&hl=en&use =2K N nEAA
AAJ&ci a ion_ o _ iew=2K N nEAAAAJ:IjCSPb-OGe4C
3. Giddens, A. (1990). The Consequences o Mode ni y. S an o d, CA: S an o d Uni e si y
P ess.
4. h ps://schola .google.com/ci a ions? iew_op= iew_ci a ion&hl=en&use =2K N nEAA
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7. S igli z, J. E. (2002). Globaliza ion and I s Discon en s. New Yo k: W. W. No on &
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ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
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«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
158
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