D7.3: Contextualization and Market Analysis

HYPERGRYD. This p ojec has ecei ed unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 esea ch
and inno a ion p og amme unde g an ag eemen No 101036656
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
WP7 – Exploi a ion and sus ainabili y
business model
Task 7.2.1 – Technological Scou ing
Task 7.2.2 – Ma ke Analysis
D7.3 Con ex ualiza ion and Ma ke
Analysis
Re . A es(2024)7161145 - 09/10/2024
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 2
DISCLAIMER
The opinion s a ed in his epo e lec s he opinion o he au ho s and no he opinion o he
Eu opean Commission.
All in ellec ual p ope y igh s a e owned by HYPERGRYD conso ium membe s and a e
p o ec ed by he applicable laws. Rep oduc ion is no au ho ised wi hou p io w i en
ag eemen .
The comme cial use o any in o ma ion con ained in his documen may equi e a license om
he owne o ha in o ma ion.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This p ojec has ecei ed unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 esea ch and
inno a ion p og amme unde g an ag eemen Nº 101036656.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 3
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
P ojec
P ojec Ac onym
HYPERGRYD
P ojec Ti le
Hyb id coupled ne wo ks o he mal-elec ic in eg a ed Sma Ene gy Dis ic s
G an Ag eemen
numbe
101036656
Call iden i ie
H2020-LC-GD-2020
Topic iden i ie
LC-GD-2-1-2020
Inno a i e land-based and o sho e enewable ene gy echnologies and hei
in eg a ion in o he ene gy sys em
Funding Scheme
Resea ch and Inno a ion Ac ion
P ojec du a ion
42 mon hs (F om 1 Oc obe 2021)
Coo dina o
ARCbcn
Websi e
h p://HYPERGRYD.eu
Deli e able
Deli e able No.
D7.3
Deli e able i le
Con ex ualiza ion and Ma ke Analysis
Desc ip ion
Task 7.2 Technology scou ing and Ma ke Analysis (M6-M36)
This ask will ensu e he Conso ium o be awa e and keep ab eas o ac i i ies in he
ield and plan ahead o he nex de elopmen s a e HYPERGRYD. This will allow
he conso ium o make any decision o ake any equi ed ac ion ha a change in he
en i onmen would equi e in o de o con inue gua an eeing he highes impac and
la ges exploi a ion o he p ojec . Task 7.2 is di ided in wo main pa s:
• T7.2.1: Technological scou ing: I is a wa ch ac i i y occu along he p ojec
li e ime. I looks o ele an news, echnology, ma ke end and s anda d
de elopmen s wo ldwide in he a eas add essed by HYPERGRYD. RINA-C will
se up a echnology wa ching plan cus omized o DHN new gene a ion’s needs,
sma solu ions and RES sys ems.
• T7.2.2: Ma ke analysis: The ma ke analysis will be a business in elligence-
o ien ed epo assessing he ma ke po en ial and impac o p ojec esul s ailo ed
o pa ne exploi a ion channels and gene alised o b oade con ex s. I will hen
ocus on de ining:
o The p esen and expec ed ma ke ends o he ansi ion om 3 d o he
4 h/5 h DHN gene a ion.
o Sma g id solu ions, DHN echnologies and hei ad an ages espec o he
common echnologies.
The ma ke analysis will use as inpu he esul om he o he 7.1 (D7.1) and in de ails
he cha ac e iza ion o he p ojec esul s done by he inno a ion and isks analysis
(D7.2).
WP No.
WP7
Rela ed ask
T7.2 - Technology scou ing and Ma ke Analysis
Lead Bene icia y
RINA-C
Au ho (s)
F ancesco Gue a (RINA-C) – Fabio Calzia (RINA-C)
Con ibu o (s)
All p ojec pa ne s
Type
R
Dissemina ion
PU Public
Language
English – GB
Due
30/09/2024
Submission da e
08/10/2024
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 4
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Ve sion
Da e
Au ho s
Desc ip ion
V.0.1
01/03/2024
F ancesco Gue a (RINA-C) –
Fabio Calzia (RINA-C)
Table o con en
V.0.2
01/04/2024
F ancesco Gue a (RINA-C) –
Fabio Calzia (RINA-C)
Me hodology
V.1.0
20/09/2024
F ancesco Gue a (RINA-C) –
Fabio Calzia (RINA-C)
Ve sion o in e nal e iew ( o be app o ed
by echnical coo dina ion)
V.1.1
27/09/2024
Ana T bo ich GSY
Re iew
V.1.2
27/09/2024
Da id Ve ez ARCbcn
Re iew
V.2.0
04/10/2024
F ancesco Gue a (RINA-C) –
Fabio Calzia (RINA-C)
Final e sion
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 5
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Table o Con en s
1 Execu i e Summa y ........................................................................................................ 10
2 In oduc ion ..................................................................................................................... 12
2.1 Scope and Me hodology ......................................................................................... 12
2.2 Abb e ia ions .......................................................................................................... 13
2.3 Con ibu ions o Pa ne s ........................................................................................ 14
3 DHN Ma ke Analysis .................................................................................................... 15
3.1 DHN Indus y O e iew ......................................................................................... 15
3.2 F om Fi s Gene a ion o Fou h & Fi h Gene a ion o DHN ............................... 16
3.3 Expec ed T ends o Dis ic Hea ing ...................................................................... 17
3.4 DH P os & Cons Analysis ...................................................................................... 17
4 Technology and Ma ke Analysis o HYPERGRYD’s Inno a ions ........................... 19
4.1 Hea Pump .............................................................................................................. 19
4.1.1 Technology Desc ip ion and Analysis ................................................................. 20
4.1.2 Ma ke O e iew and Size ................................................................................... 25
4.1.3 Ma ke Segmen a ion ........................................................................................... 26
4.1.4 Oppo uni ies and Ba ie s o Hea Pump ........................................................... 29
4.2 Wa e -PCM-Wa e (WPW) Hea Exchange .......................................................... 31
4.2.1 Technology Desc ip ion and Analysis ................................................................. 32
4.2.2 Wa e -PCM-Wa e (WPW) Hea Exchange Ma ke O e iew .......................... 33
4.2.3 Oppo uni ies and ba ie s o Wa e -PCM-Wa e Hea Exchange s .................. 34
4.2.4 Hea Exchange s Ma ke O e iew ..................................................................... 34
4.2.5 Hea Exchange s Ma ke Size .............................................................................. 35
4.2.6 Hea Exchange s Ba ie s and Oppo uni ies ....................................................... 36
4.2.7 Hea Exchange s Ma ke Leade s ........................................................................ 37
4.3 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age .......................................................................... 39
4.3.1 Technology Desc ip ion and Analysis ................................................................. 39
4.3.2 Compe i i e Ad an ages ...................................................................................... 45
4.3.3 Ma ke O e iew and Size ................................................................................... 45
4.3.4 Ma ke Segmen a ion ........................................................................................... 46
4.3.5 Oppo uni ies and Ba ie s o The mal Ene gy S o age (TES) .......................... 47
4.3.6 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age Ma ke Leade s .............................................. 48
4.4 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e (Cogene a ion) ..... 50

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 6
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
4.4.1 Technology Desc ip ion and Analysis ................................................................. 50
4.4.2 Ma ke O e iew and Size ................................................................................... 55
4.4.3 Ma ke Segmen a ion and Ma ke Geog aphy ..................................................... 57
4.4.4 Compe i i e Ad an ages ...................................................................................... 58
4.4.5 Oppo uni ies and Ba ie s o Mic o-CHP .......................................................... 59
4.4.6 Mic o-CHP Ma ke Leade s ................................................................................. 59
4.5 Digi al Pla o m Technologies: Managemen and Con olling Sys ems ................ 61
4.5.1 Technology Desc ip ion and Analysis ................................................................. 61
4.5.2 Ma ke O e iew and Size ................................................................................... 64
4.5.3 Oppo uni ies and Ba ie s o Managemen and Con olling Sys ems ............... 64
4.5.4 Managemen and Con olling Sys ems Ma ke Leade s ...................................... 65
4.6 Digi al Pla o m Technologies: Ene gy Simula ion So wa e ................................ 72
4.6.1 Technology Desc ip ion and Analysis ................................................................. 73
4.6.2 Ma ke O e iew and Size ................................................................................... 76
4.6.3 Ma ke T ends ...................................................................................................... 76
4.6.4 Oppo uni ies and Ba ie s o Ene gy Simula ion So wa e ............................... 78
4.6.5 Ene gy Simula ion So wa e Ma ke Leade s ...................................................... 79
5 Financing Sou ces Resea ch .......................................................................................... 85
5.1 P ojec s De elopmen Assis ance (PDA) ............................................................... 86
5.2 EU Funding Possibili ies in he Ene gy Sec o ....................................................... 86
5.3 P i a e Financing Funding Sou ces ........................................................................ 89
6 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 91
6.1 Summa y o Achie emen s..................................................................................... 91
6.2 Rela ion o Con inued De elopmen s ..................................................................... 92
6.3 O he Conclusions and Lessons Lea ned ................................................................ 92
7 Annexes ............................................................................................................................ 93
7.1 Rele an pa en s o Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange .................................... 93
7.2 Rele an pa en s o So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age ....................................... 102
7.3 Rele an pa en s o Re e sible Mic o-CHP ........................................................ 107
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 7
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Lis o Figu es
Figu e 1 Timeline o Dis ic Hea ing Gene a ions. Sou ce: RINA-C e-elabo a ion. ............ 17
Figu e 2 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Pa en publishing end ............................... 21
Figu e 3 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Top IPCs ..................................................... 22
Figu e 4 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Top s anda dized assignee .......................... 23
Figu e 5 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Pa en s’ s a us ............................................. 24
Figu e 6 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Geog aphical co e age ............................... 24
Figu e 7 De elopmen o hea pump sales, EU-21 (RINA-C e-elabo a ion) ......................... 25
Figu e 8 De elopmen o hea pump s ock, EU-21 (RINA-C e-elabo a ion) ......................... 25
Figu e 9 Sales de elopmen by ype (“Ai /ai coun s hea pumps wi h a p ima y hea ing
unc ion) ................................................................................................................................... 27
Figu e 10 The i e bigges Eu opean hea pump ma ke s in 2022 ........................................... 28
Figu e 11 U.S. Hea Exchange s Ma ke size & ends (size by p oduc s, USD Billions). Sou ce:
h ps://www.g and iew esea ch.com/indus y-analysis/hea -exchange s-ma ke ................... 35
Figu e 12 Asia Paci ic Hea Exchange Ma ke Size, 2018-2029 (USD Billion). Sou ce:
h ps://www. o unebusinessinsigh s.com/indus y- epo s/hea -exchange s-ma ke -100919 35
Figu e 13 Eu ope Hea Exchange Ma ke Size, By Technology, 2022-2032 (USD Billion).
Sou ce: h ps://www.gminsigh s.com/indus y-analysis/eu ope-hea -exchange -ma ke ........ 36
Figu e 14 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Pa en publishing end .................................. 42
Figu e 15 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Top IPCs ........................................................ 42
Figu e 16 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Top s anda dized assignee ............................. 44
Figu e 17 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Pa en s’ s a us ................................................ 44
Figu e 18 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Geog aphical co e age .................................. 45
Figu e 19 Ins alled TES capaci y p ojec ions acco ding o IRENA’s Pa is Ag eemen -aligned
T ans o ming Ene gy Scena io ................................................................................................ 46
Figu e 20 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Pa en publishing
end .......................................................................................................................................... 51
Figu e 21 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Top IPCs ............. 52
Figu e 22 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Pa en s’ s a us ..... 54
Figu e 23 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Geog aphical
co e age ................................................................................................................................... 54
Figu e 24 Elec ici y and Hea p oduced by cogene a ion globally (sou ce:
h ps://www.cogenwo ld.o g/2nd-global-cogene a ion-ma ke - epo /) .................................. 55
Figu e 25 CHP main uel use (sou ce: h ps://www.cogenwo ld.o g/wp-
con en /uploads/2023/12/CWC_2nd_Global_Ma ke _O e iew_Dec-2023.pd ) .................. 56
Figu e 26 Combined Hea and Powe Ma ke Size, By Fuel, 2022-2032 (USD Billion) Sou ce:
h ps://www.gminsigh s.com/indus y-analysis/combined-hea -and-powe -CHP-ma ke ...... 57
Figu e 27 Eu ope Combined Hea and Powe Ma ke , 2022-2032 (USD Billion) Sou ce:
h ps://www.gminsigh s.com/indus y-analysis/combined-hea -and-powe -CHP-ma ke ...... 57
Figu e 28 Eu ope Dis ic Hea ing Ma ke Size, 2019-2032 (USD Billion). Sou ce:
h ps://www. o unebusinessinsigh s.com/indus y- epo s/dis ic -hea ing-ma ke -100097 .. 64
Figu e 29 Financing Ca ego ies ............................................................................................... 85
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 8
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Lis o Tables
Table 1 Key Exploi able Technologies (KET), Exploi able Resul s (ER), and Pa ne s ......... 14
Table 2 Summa y o he cha ac e is ics o DH gene a ions. Sou ce: RINA-C e-elabo a ion
om Jodei i e al., 2022. .......................................................................................................... 17
Table 3 Common isks associa ed wi h dis ic hea ing. Bloombe g NEF, 2020. ................... 18
Table 4 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Pa en analysis c i e ia ................................. 21
Table 5 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Top IPCs desc ip ion ................................... 22
Table 6 WPW Hea Exchange [AIT, OCHS] ......................................................................... 38
Table 7 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Pa en analysis c i e ia ...................................... 41
Table 8 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Top IPCs desc ip ion ......................................... 43
Table 9 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age [CNR, SOR] ......................................................... 49
Table 10 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Pa en analysis c i e ia
.................................................................................................................................................. 51
Table 11 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Top IPCs desc ip ion
.................................................................................................................................................. 52
Table 12 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Top s anda dized
assignee .................................................................................................................................... 53
Table 13 Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e [RANO]................... 59
Table 14 Managemen and Con olling Sys ems – S a -ups analysis c i e ia: keywo d 1 ...... 63
Table 15 Managemen and Con olling Sys ems – S a -ups analysis c i e ia: keywo d 2 ...... 63
Table 16 Managemen and Con olling Sys ems – S a -ups analysis c i e ia: keywo d 3 ...... 63
Table 17 BIM-GIS oolki o DHC ne wo k piping and con igu a ion planning +
HYPERGRYD Digi al Twin Pla o m-as-a-Se ice [IDP] ...................................................... 65
Table 18 Exe goeconomic op imiza ion ool o 4 h and 5 h gene a ion o DHC [GET] ....... 67
Table 19 Edge IoT-based op imal ope a ion o hea pumps in a local ene gy ne wo k [KTH]71
Table 20 Ene gy Simula ion So wa e – S a -ups analysis c i e ia: combined keywo ds and
mos ele an esul s ................................................................................................................. 74
Table 21 SAIn - Scena io Analysis In e ace o Ene gy Sys ems (coupling modelling,
simula ion, and op imiza ion ool o la ge-scale mul i-ene gy ca ie sys em) [ENCO] ........ 80
Table 22 G id Singula i y Exchange (local ene gy ma ke place ool) + So wa e enhancemen s
o open-sou ce G id Singula i y Exchange [GSY] .................................................................. 83
Table 23 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 1 ....................................... 93
Table 24 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 2 ....................................... 93
Table 25 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 3 ....................................... 94
Table 26 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 4 ....................................... 95
Table 27 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 5 ....................................... 96
Table 28 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 6 ....................................... 97
Table 29 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 7 ....................................... 98
Table 30 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 8 ....................................... 99
Table 31 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 9 ..................................... 100
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 9
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Table 32 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 10 ................................... 100
Table 33 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 11 ................................... 101
Table 34 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 1 ........................................... 102
Table 35 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 2 ........................................... 102
Table 36 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 3 ........................................... 103
Table 37 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 4 ........................................... 104
Table 38 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 5 ........................................... 105
Table 39 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 6 ........................................... 106
Table 40 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 7 ........................................... 106
Table 41 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Rele an pa en 1 107
Table 42 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Rele an pa en 2 108
Table 43 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Rele an pa en 3 109
Table 44 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Rele an pa en 4 110
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 16
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
DH solu ions a e conside ed c ucial in as uc u es, ha can enable he deca boniza ion p ocess
(Tilia e al., 2021)
9
. Indeed, his echnology has been called one o he cos -e ec i e ways o
cu u ban ca bon emissions.
Howe e , he DH supply is s ill domina ed by ossil uels, comp omising he deca boniza ion
po en ial o his echnology.
3.2 F om Fi s Gene a ion o Fou h & Fi h Gene a ion o DHN
DH exis s since he Roman Empi e (D2G id, 2023
10
). They in en ed he “hypocaus ”, a cen al
hea ing sys em ha piped ho hai om a u nace h ough pipes placed unde loo s and behind
walls o buildings.
Findings om li e a u e shows ha DHN solu ions can be di ided in o di e en gene a ions
(D2G id, 2023, Lund e al., 2021
11
; 2014
12
; Jodei i e al., 2022
13
). Wi hin his pa ag aph, each
gene a ion o DH a e iden i ied and desc ibed.
▪ Fi s Gene a ion. As men ioned abo e, DH exis s since Roman Empi e. The
in oduc ion o DH sys em o he ma ke occu ed in he la e 1800s, in he US, using
hea as a s eam ca ie . The Fi s Gene a ion was cha ac e ized by cen al supply o
hea , uelled by coal and was e. The piping conside ed ypically on conc e e duc s. The
hea was anspo ed wi h s eam. Cu en ly, his kind o DH is conside ed ou da ed.
▪ Second Gene a ion. The Second Gene a ion o DH eme ged a ound 1930s, uelled by
wa e coal, was e, and oil uel. They used p essu ized ho wa e wi h a supply
empe a u e abo e 100°C as a hea ca ie .
▪ Thi d Gene a ion. As he Second Gene a ion o DH, he Thi d Gene a ion uses
p essu ized ho wa e as a hea ca ie . Howe e , hey can ope a e wi h lowe supply
empe a u e (below 100°C)
14
. The Thi d Gene a ion ep esen s he mains eam
echnology, cu en ly a ailable on he ma ke .
▪ Fou h Gene a ion. Fou h Gene a ion o DH is ep esen ed by sma and ene gy
e iciency-o ien ed sys ems. They a e conside ed a key echnology o ace clima e
change isk. 4DH sys ems p o ide low empe a u e dis ic hea ing o space hea ing
and wa e o domes ic pu poses (below 70°C). Fu he mo e, hey educe he hea
losses o he ne wo k by up o 75%.
9
Tilia, TU Wien, IREES, Oko-Ins i u , F aunho e ISI. 2021. O e iew o Dis ic Hea ing and Cooling Ma ke s
and Regula o y F amewo ks unde he Re ised Renewable Ene gy Di ec i e”. Eu opean Commission.
10
In e eg No h-Wes Eu ope D2G ids. Link: h ps://5gdhc.eu/di e en -gene a ions-o -dhc/
11
Lund H., Os e gaa d P.A., Nielsen T.B., We ne S., Tho sen J.E., Gudmudsson O., A abkoohsa A.,
Ma hiesen B.V. 2021. Pe spec i e on ou h and i h gene a ion o dis ic hea ing. Ene gy. V.227.
12
Lund H., We ne S., Wil shi e R., S enden S., Tho sen J.E., H elplund F., Ma hiesen B.V. 2014. 4 h Gene a ion
Dis ic Hea ing (4GDH): In eg a ing sma he mal g ids in o u u e sus ainable ene gy sys ems”. Ene gy.
V.68, pp. 1-11.
13
Jodei i A.M., Goldswo hy M.J., Bu a S., Cozzini M. 2022. Role o sus ainable hea sou ces in ansi ion
owa ds ou h gene a ion dis ic hea ing – A e iew. Renewable and Sus ainable Ene gy Re iews.
V.158.
14
Pelleg ini M., Bianchini A. 2018. The Inno a i e Concep o Cold Dis ic Hea ing Ne wo ks: A Li e a u e
Re ew. Ene gies.

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 17
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
▪ Fi h Gene a ion. Fi h Gene a ion o DH aises he ba e en u he in e ms o
e iciency and echnology. Cu en ly, hese sys ems a e in hei ea ly s ages o
de elopmen .
Nex igu e ep esen s he Timeline o he Dis ic Hea ing Gene a ions by yea o appea ance
on he ma ke .
Figu e 1 Timeline o Dis ic Hea ing Gene a ions. Sou ce: RINA-C e-elabo a ion.
The able below p o ides a summa y o he cha ac e is ics o dis ic hea ing gene a ions.
Table 2 Summa y o he cha ac e is ics o DH gene a ions. Sou ce: RINA-C e-elabo a ion om Jodei i e al., 2022.
DH
Gene a ion
En y in o
ma ke
Pe iod o bes
a ailabili y
echnology
Hea ca ie
Piping
Hea p oduc ion
1GDH
1880s
1880-1930
S eam
In si u insula ed
s eel pipes
Coal s eam boile s and some
combined hea and powe
(CHP) plan s
2GDH
1930s
1930-1980
Ho wa e > 100 °C
In si u insula ed
s eel pipes
Coal and oil-based CHP and
some hea -only boile s
3GDH
1970s/80s
1980-onwa ds
Ho wa e < 100 °C
P e-insula ed
s eel pipes
La ge-scale CHP, dis ibu ed
CHP, biomass and was e, o
ossil uel boile s
4GDH
2010s/20s
2014-onwa ds
Low empe a u e
wa e 50-70 °C
P e-insula ed
lexible (possibly
win) pipes
Renewable and excess hea
sou ces in addi ion o
con en ional
5GDH
2010s/20s
2016-onwa ds
Ambien
empe a u e wa e /
b ine 10-40 °C
P e-insula ed o
uninsula ed
lexible pipes
Low-g ade hea sou ces e.g.,
local u ban was e hea and
enewable sou ces
3.3 Expec ed T ends o Dis ic Hea ing
As p esen ed in pa ag aph 3.2, he 3GDH ep esen s he mains eam echnology. Howe e ,
4GDH and 5GDH a e eme ging. This pa ag aph p esen s he expec ed ends o DH
echnologies.
3.4 DH P os & Cons Analysis
DHN p o ides conside able ad an ages. They a e summa ized in he ollowing bulle ed lis
(F ede iksen e al., 2013; Nussbaume e al., 2014)
15
.
▪ Economy o scale in he hea p oduc ion.
▪ Economy o scope.
▪ Flexibili y.
▪ Local en i onmen al impac .
15
Nussbaume T., Thalmann S. 2014. S a us Repo on Dis ic Hea ing Sys ems in IEA Coun ies. IEA
Bioene gy Task 32, Swiss, Fede al O ice o Ene gy, Ve enum, Zu ich.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 18
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Ano he impo an bene i is he lowe ing o hea ing cos s when in e na ional uel p ices a e
high and when lowe en i onmen al o clima e impac s a e alued by in e nalisa ion o ex e nal
damage cos s in o na ional axes o ees. The hea dis ibu ion cos s a e low in dense u ban a eas
wi h concen a ed hea demands (We ne , 2017
16
).
DHN cu en issues a e depic ed in he ollowing bulle ed lis :
▪ Public Awa eness o he bene i s o DHN and sma g id a e s ill low.
▪ Payback imes could be e y long (app oxima ely 15-20 yea s).
▪ Cos -e ec i e only in densely popula ed a eas (due o he high cos o dis ibu ion
sys ems).
▪ The cos o ene gy sold could be gene ally e y high compa ed o o he sou ces
(biomass, me hane, LPG). Fo example, in I aly, connec ing o dis ic hea ing o
condominiums o en in ol es signing binding con ac s wi h monopoly ope a o s and
un egula ed a i s, esul ing in economic disad an age o he use .
▪ Cogene a ion plan s could be much noisie han adi ional boile s and can gene a e
noise pollu ion.
Table 3 Common isks associa ed wi h dis ic hea ing. Bloombe g NEF, 2020
17
.
Type o Risk
Desc ip ion
Le el o signi icance
Design
Inaccu a e hea mapping o hea supply and demand.
High
Cons uc ion
Miles ones a e no me on budge and/o ime.
Medium
Fu u e demand
Hea demand does no equal wha was o ecas o o ake is no
secu ed.
High
Ope a ional
Lack o eliance o adequa e back-up ho wa e supply in
ne wo ks.
Medium
Comme cial
Ope a ing and ixed cos s a e no co e ed by u u e demand.
Medium
Knowledge
People a e no equipped wi h he igh knowledge and expe ise o
implemen he p ojec .
Low
Financial
Miles ones a e no me and/o a e inco ec ly o ecas .
Medium
Objec i es
Social, en i onmen al, and/o economic d i e s o p ojec a e no
me .
Low
16
We ne S. 2017. In e na ional Re iew o dis ic hea ing and cooling. Ene gy. V.137, pp. 617 – 631.
17
Bloombe g NEF. (2020) Dis ic Hea Ne wo ks Need he P i a e Sec o o Deli e a Ne -Ze o T ansi ion.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 19
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
4 Technology and Ma ke Analysis o HYPERGRYD’s
Inno a ions
Based on Key Exploi able Technologies (KET) and Exploi able Resul s (ER) p esen ed in D7.1,
he e a e some inno a ions ha can s eamline he ansi ion om he 3 d Gene a ion o 4 h and
5 h Gene a ions o dis ic hea ing.
To be e ca y ou echnological and ma ke analyses, HYPERGRYD KETs and ERs shown
in Table 1 we e clus e ed as shown below o iden i y he main echnological ca ego ies:
• Hea Pump
o KET 1: ER 2 – Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age [AIT]
• WPW Hea Exchange
o KET 1: ER 3 – WPW Hea Exchange [OCHS]
• So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age
o KET 2: ER 1 – So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age [CNR, SOR]
• Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine
o KET 3: ER 4 – Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e
[RANO]
• Digi al Pla o m Technologies: Managemen and Con olling Sys ems
o KET 1 ICT: ER 5 – BIM-GIS oolki o DHC ne wo k piping and con igu a ion
planning [IDP]
o KET 1 ICT: ER 9 – HYPERGRYD Digi al Twin Pla o m-as-a-Se ice [IDP]
o KET 2 ICT: ER 13 – Edge IoT-based op imal ope a ion o hea pumps in a local
ene gy ne wo k [KTH]
o KET 3 ICT: ER 6 – Exe goeconomic op imiza ion ool o 4 h and 5 h
gene a ion o DHC [GET]
• Digi al Pla o m Technologies: Ene gy Simula ion So wa e
o KET 4 ICT: ER 7 – SAIn Scena io Analysis In e ace o Ene gy Sys ems
(coupling modelling, simula ion, and op imiza ion ool o la ge-scale mul i-
ene gy ca ie sys em) [ENCO]
o KET 5 ICT: ER 8 – G id Singula i y Ene gy Ma ke Simula ion Tool (hea
pump and DH digi al win in eg a ion) [GSY]
o KET 5 ICT: ER 16 – So wa e enhancemen s o open-sou ce G id Singula i y
Exchange [GSY]
Fo each o hese clus e s, a echnology analysis and a ma ke analysis we e ca ied ou as
desc ibed in ollowing chap e s.
4.1 Hea Pump
This chap e desc ibes he echnology and ma ke analyses o hea pumps, a ma u e echnology
in hea ing and cooling applica ions. The analyses desc ibed in his chap e co e KET 1/ER 2
“Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age” de eloped du ing HYPERGRYD by
pa ne AIT. In pa icula , his KET is a modula hea pump wi h sho - e m PCM s o age, based
on a PCM hea exchange wi h op imum PCM ma e ial and geome y de eloped h ough
nume ical simula ions. As shown in Table 1, his ER 2 is combined wi h ER 3 o de ine he
whole KET 1.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 20
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
4.1.1 Technology Desc ip ion and Analysis
The hea pump echnology is ma u e in he hea ing and cooling applica ions. I is powe ed by
he same kind o echnology as an ai condi ione o e ige a o : i akes hea om a sou ce,
such as he ambien ai , g ound-based geo he mal ene gy, adjacen wa e sou ces, o was e hea
om a plan , and hen i in ensi ies and dis ibu es he hea o he necessa y a eas. The ac ual
hea pump is made up o a hea exchange , ha emo es hea om he sou ce, and a comp esso ,
ha cycles a e ige an h ough a e ige a ion cycle. A e ha , he hea is ans e ed ia ye
ano he hea exchange o a hea sink
18
.
In pa icula o he dis ic hea ing (DH), hea pumps a e used o dis ibu e hea h oughou he
buildings since 2015. Was e hea sou ces wi h low empe a u es (below 45°C) a e used by hea
pumps, which inc ease hea le el and dis ibu e i . Hea pumps could supply abou 25% o he
ene gy ca ied by he dis ic hea ing g id, and dis ic hea ing could mee up o 50% o Eu ope’s
hea ing needs
19
.
In ac , de elopmen ac i i ies a e ocused in ob aining la ge sizes and highe empe a u es o
p oduce he so-called High Tempe a u e Hea Pumps (HTHP). This kind o equipmen will help
o educe emissions in “ha d o aba e” sec o s like pulp and pape , me al, and chemicals because
hey will eplace boile s, which a e less e icien and consume oil
20
.
Abou hea pumps in DH applica ions, he de elopmen pa h is con a y wi h he one desc ibed
abo e: in ac , o hese applica ions i is no necessa y o de elop hea pumps able o each
high empe a u es because dis ic hea ing ne wo ks (DHN) o ou h (4G) and i h gene a ion
(5G) do no need high empe a u es as hea sou ce and hea sink ( hey should be be ween 0 and
80 °C)
21
.
An in e es ing aspec o hea pumps in DHN is he e sa ili y in e ms o possible adop able
con igu a ions. In ac , i is possible o de ine speci ic con igu a ions ha ha e di e en p os
and cons depending on he adop ed echnical aspec s. As example, i is possible o de ine DHN
wi h single s age o mul i-s age hea pumps, o wi h mul iple hea sou ces. Each o he possible
con igu a ion has some bene i s ( o ope a ions, echnology, o managemen ) bu also has
cons ain s21.
4.1.1.1 Pa en analysis
The pa en analysis has been ca ied ou exploi ing he Pa Snap da abase and e ie ing ele an
pa en s iden i ied by using he ollowing sea ch que y.
Due o he cha ac e is ics o he Exploi able Resul s, RINA-C decided o ca y ou a
comp ehensi e pa en analysis o bo h he ER2 “Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM
s o age” made by OCHS and he ER3 “WPW (wa e -PCM-Wa e ) hea exchange ” made by
AIT o be e analyse simila solu ions which add ess bo h opics simul aneously.
18
IEA (2022), The Fu u e o Hea Pumps, IEA, Pa is h ps://www.iea.o g/ epo s/ he- u u e-o -hea -pumps,
Licence: CC BY 4.0
19
h ps://www.iea.o g/a icles/hea -pumps-in-dis ic -hea ing-and-cooling-sys ems
20
IEA HPT Annex 58, High-Tempe a u e Hea Pumps, Task 1 – Technologies, Task Repo , Augus 2023,
Repo no. HPT-AN58-2
21
J. Ba co-Bu gos, J.C. B uno, U. Eicke , A.L. Saldaña-Robles, V. Alcán a -Cama ena, Re iew on he
in eg a ion o high- empe a u e hea pumps in dis ic hea ing and cooling ne wo ks, Ene gy, Volume
239, 2022, h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ene gy.2021.122378.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 21
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Table 4 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Pa en analysis c i e ia
Que y
TA_ALL:((Modula e e sible hea pump) OR (Phase change ma e ial s o age) OR
(PCM he mal s o age sys em) OR (The mal ene gy densi y) OR (La en hea s o age)
OR (Wa e -PCM-wa e hea exchange )) AND PBD:[20100101 TO *] AND
MIPC:(F24* OR F25* OR F28*)
Time pe iod
F om 01/01/2010 o *
Resul s
2926 pa en s
Since he que y was ca ied ou wi h he keywo ds ag eed by he pa ne s and i esul ed in a
manageable numbe o pa en s, RINA-C did no e ine i . All he ollowing analyses and g aphs
ha e been based on he pa en s selec ed by he sea ch que y.
Pa en ing end
Figu e 2 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Pa en publishing end
The end is s ongly inc easing. Since da a om 2024 a e no ep esen a i e due o he iming
o he p ocedu es ela ed o accep ance and publica ion o a pa en , i seems ha he inc easing
could con inue.
Analysing he cu e, he cha e eals ha he echnology passed he i s “inno a ion window”
and “ea ly adop ion phase” and is now in a phase o “g ow h”. This aspec indica es ha
esea ch ac i i ies abou his combina ion o echnologies is s ong because companies and
esea ch cen es a e ob aining angible esul s.

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 22
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
IPC and key a eas o esea ch
Figu e 3 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Top IPCs
The abo e igu e shown he numbe o pa en s published in he selec ed pe iod ( om Janua y
2010 o Augus 2024), ela ed o he IPC code used o classi y pa en opics.
Based on he numbe o iden i ied pa en s, he ollowing 10 IPC codes desc ibed in he able
a e he ones wi h mos occu ences and, consequen ly, mos ele an o he in es iga ed opic.
Table 5 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Top IPCs desc ip ion
IPC Code
Pa en s
Desc ip ion
F28D 20/02
1305
Hea s o age plan s o appa a us in gene al; Regene a i e hea -exchange
appa a us no co e ed by g oups F28D 17/00 o F28D 19/00: using la en
hea
F28D 20/00
403
Hea s o age plan s o appa a us in gene al (specially adap ed o pa icula
applica ions); Regene a i e hea -exchange appa a us no co e ed by g oups
F28D 17/00 o F28D 19/00
F24F 5/00
284
Ai -condi ioning sys ems o appa a us no co e ed by g oup F24F 1/00 o
F24F 3/00
C09K 5/06
169
Hea - ans e , hea -exchange o hea -s o age ma e ials, e.g. e ige an s;
Ma e ials o he p oduc ion o hea o cold by chemical eac ions o he han
by combus ion: Ma e ials unde going a change o physical s a e when used,
he change o s a e being om liquid o solid o ice- e sa
F24S 60/10
158
A angemen s o s o ing hea collec ed by sola hea collec o s (in wo king
luids o ming pools o ponds F24S 10/10): using la en hea [2018.01]
F24D 19/10
152
De ails: A angemen o moun ing o con ol o sa e y de ices (only he
hea e being con olled F24H 9/20)
F24D 11/00
150
Cen al hea ing sys ems using hea accumula ed in s o age masses
F24D 15/02
147
O he domes ic- o space-hea ing sys ems: consis ing o sel -con ained
hea ing uni s, e.g. s o age hea e s
F24J 2/34
125
Use o sola hea , e.g. sola hea collec o : Sola hea collec o s ha ing
wo king luid con eyed h ough collec o , ha ing hea s o age mass
F24H 7/02
118
S o age hea e s, i.e. hea e s in which he ene gy is s o ed as hea in masses
o subsequen elease: he eleased hea being con eyed o a ans e luid
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 23
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
The analysis o he op IPC codes e eals ha he e o is mainly add essed in IPCs F28D
20/02, F28D 20/00, and F24F 5/00, which a e espec i ely:
• Hea s o age plan s o appa a us in gene al; Regene a i e hea -exchange appa a us no
co e ed by g oups F28D 17/00 o F28D 19/00: using la en hea .
• Hea s o age plan s o appa a us in gene al (specially adap ed o pa icula
applica ions); Regene a i e hea -exchange appa a us no co e ed by g oups F28D 17/00
o F28D 19/00.
• Ai -condi ioning sys ems o appa a us no co e ed by g oup F24F 1/00 o F24F 3/00.
Assignee and dead/ali e pa en s
Figu e 4 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Top s anda dized assignee
In he abo e igu e, Top s anda dized assignees o he published pa en s conside ed in his
analysis. Among hese 10 assignees, he e a e companies such as Sha p and Panasonic,
mul ina ionals ope a ing in di e en sec o s including he p oduc ion o hea pump sys ems,
and Pionee Ene gy, a Chinese company ha de elops he mal ene gy s o age echnologies ha
is being used o hea a ms, schools, and buildings (bo h indus ial and ci il), p e en ing ene gy
was e. Also, he e a e many esea ch cen es: hey a e mainly Chinese uni e si ies, bu he e is
e en he CEA (Commissa ia à l’Éne gie A omique e aux Éne gies Al e na i es), a majo
F ench na ional esea ch o ganisa ion ocused on undamen al esea ch in many and a ious
ields, such as low-ca bon ene gy (nuclea and enewable), digi al echnology, echnology o
medicine o he u u e, and de ence and na ional secu i y.
Mo eo e , o he la ge mul ina ional companies ac i e in he he mal ene gy sys ems a e in he
pa en s’ lis wi h less occu ences (e.g., Mi subishi, LG, Bosch, Siemens), as many o he
uni e si ies and esea ch cen es.
This da a shows ha hea pumps and WPW hea exchange s a e in e es ing esea ch ields o
bo h public and p i a e labo a o ies. E en companies a e in es ing in o he de elopmen o
hese sys ems acco ding o he g ow h o he ma ke in ci il and indus ial sec o s.
The below igu e shows he pa en s’ s a us as he o al numbe o dead, ali e, and inde e mina e
pa en s. As can be seen in he g aph, he majo i y o IP is cu en ly dead; howe e , ali e pa en s
a e s ill a la ge pe cen age: his ac could e idence ha he echnology is in a s ong
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 24
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
de elopmen phase, whe e solu ions a e going o be apidly de eloped. This easoning is in
acco ding o he pa en s’ end showed in he i s igu e o his chap e .
Figu e 5 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Pa en s’ s a us
Geog aphical a eas and ma ke s
Figu e 6 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Geog aphical co e age
In addi ion o wha is shown in he igu e, he e a e also 121 pa en s egis e ed a he WIPO
o ice and 240 a he EPO o ice. Applican s mainly come om China (1549), Asia (336 om
Japan, 162 om Ko ea, 89 om India), Uni ed S a es (189), and Eu ope (104 om Ge many).
The mos ac i e coun ies a e he ones wi h a s ong indus ial knowledge, bu a signi ican
aspec is ha he mos ac i e coun ies a e he ones ha ha e e y la ge ci ies wi h e y high
popula ion densi y and whe e sus ainabili y is becoming mo e and mo e impo an : p obably
o hese easons, hese coun ies a e in e es ed in de eloping new inno a i e echnologies in
his sec o and o hese applica ions.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 25
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Rele an pa en s
Please e e o chap e “Rele an pa en s o Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange ” in Annexes
sec ion.
4.1.2 Ma ke O e iew and Size
Hea pump p oduc ion is a g owing sec o . Wo ldwide sales o hea pumps a e se o soa in he
coming yea s. Acco ding o he Eu opean Hea Pump Associa ion (EHPA), he Eu opean sales
o hea pumps amoun ed o 3 million in 2022. This alue is 37% highe han he sales eco ded
in 2021 (2.2 million).
Figu e 7 De elopmen o hea pump sales, EU-21 (RINA-C e-elabo a ion)
Figu e 8 De elopmen o hea pump s ock, EU-21 (RINA-C e-elabo a ion)
0 €
500,000 €
1,000,000 €
1,500,000 €
2,000,000 €
2,500,000 €
3,000,000 €
3,500,000 €
Sales
Sales
-
4,000,000
8,000,000
12,000,000
16,000,000
20,000,000
24,000,000
S ock
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 32
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
4.2.1 Technology Desc ip ion and Analysis
Hea exchange s (HEX) a e de ices able o ans e hea om a p ima y luid o a seconda y
one. Liquid, gaseous, o e en solid componen s could make up he p ima y and seconda y sides
o hea exchange s. Con igu a ions, compac ness, hea ans e p ocess, low and pass o de s,
phase o he hea ans e luids, and hea ans e mechanism a e ypically used in he indus y
o ca ego ize hea exchange s.
25
Ac ually, a la ge numbe o hea exchange s’ designs a e easible; he e is no conc e e objec i e
unc ion ha can be de ined explici ly as a unc ion o he design a iables.
26
Fu he mo e, many ma e ials can be used in hea exchange s o s o e hea ene gy: an example
can be he phase-change ma e ials. Phase-change ma e ials (PCM) a e subs ances ha eleases
o abso bs enough ene gy du ing a phase ansi ion o p o ide usable hea o cooling. Usually,
he ansi ion will be om solid o m o liquid o m and ice e sa. The phase ansi ion could
also be be ween non-classical s a es o ma e , like he con o mi y o c ys als, whe e he
ma e ial changes om con o ming o one c ys alline s uc u e o ano he , which may be a highe
o lowe ene gy s a e, he e may also be a phase ansi ion.
27
PCMs all in o h ee main ca ego ies: o ganic ma e ials (ca bon-con aining, made om
pe oleum, plan s, o animals, such as pa a ine), sal hyd a es ( ypically made om mine al
deposi s, sal s, o byp oduc s o o he ope a ions), and eu ec ic ma e ials (composed o wo o
mo e PCMs, which migh be ino ganic, o ganic, o e en bo h).
28
PCMs can be used in a a ie y o a eas such as e ige a o s, sola plan s and d ying,
pho o ol aic elec ici y gene a ions, ho wa e sys ems o household, hea ing and cooling o
households, was e hea eco e y, and DHN. In ac , PCMs can also be used o p oduce hea
exchange s jus o hei abili y in s o ing hea and exchange his ene gy du ing hei
ans o ma ion.28
Packed bed, la pla e, shall and ube, o inned ube a e only ew possible designs o de elop a
PCM hea exchange . The bes design depends on he applica ion’s cons ain s, such as cos ,
en i onmen , a ailable ma e ials, e c.27
HYPERGRYD p ojec is a good example o PCM hea exchange : in he p ojec , his is coupled
wi h a hea pump which p o ides ho wa e along he DHN. The in e aces o he PCM hea
exchange a e wi h he wa e pumped by he hea pump, ha is he eason o he name (WPW,
wa e -PCM-wa e ).
This echnology is designed o be a decen alized, sound-op imized solu ion o hea ing and
po en ially eplacing gas- i ed boile s in esiden ial o neighbou hood cons uc ions. I aims o
maximize deca boniza ion le els o exis ing housing by using enewable echnology.
25
Sajjad Mahmoudinezhad, Meisam Sadi, Hamed Ghiasi ad, Ahmad A abkoohsa , A comp ehensi e
e iew on he cu en echnologies and ecen de elopmen s in high- empe a u e hea exchange s,
Renewable and Sus ainable Ene gy Re iews, 2023, h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j. se .2023.113467.
26
Upadhyay, Heman . (2019). ‘A e iew on hea exchange design’.
27
Hussein Togun, Hakim S. Sul an, Hayde I. Mohammed, A c i ical e iew on phase change ma e ials
(PCM) based hea exchange : Di e en hyb id echniques o he enhancemen , Jou nal o Ene gy
S o age, 2024, h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.es .2023.109840.
28
Ragh end a Kuma Mish a, Ka ikey Ve ma, Vinayak Mish a, Babulal Chaudha y, A e iew on ca bon-
based phase change ma e ials o he mal ene gy s o age, Jou nal o Ene gy S o age, 2022,
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.es .2022.104166.

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 33
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
The hea pump ope a es wi h an op imum amoun o e ige an pe ci cui , ensu ing e icien
ene gy use and minimum noise emissions. The sys em is in ended o new buildings and can
be adap ed o eplace exis ing gas boile s in apa men s, ocusing on u ban a eas.
The inno a ion includes a modula design ha allows e ige a ion ci cui modules o be
connec ed in se ies o pa allel o lexible ope a ion. This design ca e s o di e en hea ing
equi emen s and can be in eg a ed in o he exis ing he mal g id.
4.2.1.1 Pa en analysis
The pa en analysis has been ca ied ou exploi ing he Pa Snap da abase and e ie ing ele an
pa en s iden i ied by using he ollowing sea ch que y.
Due o he cha ac e is ics o he Exploi able Resul s, RINA-C decided o ca y ou a
comp ehensi e pa en analysis o bo h he ER2 “Modula Hea Pump wi h sho - e m PCM
s o age” made by OCHS and he ER3 “WPW (wa e -PCM-Wa e ) hea exchange ” made by
AIT o be e analyse simila solu ions which add ess bo h opics simul aneously.
Fo his eason, please e e o he chap e “Pa en analysis“ in “Hea Pump“ sec ion o he
pa en analysis o he whole solu ion. Fu he mo e, please e e o chap e “Rele an pa en s o
Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange ” in Annexes sec ion o ele an pa en s.
4.2.2 Wa e -PCM-Wa e (WPW) Hea Exchange Ma ke O e iew
The wa e -Phase Change Ma e ial (PCM)-wa e hea exchange ma ke is gaining ac ion due
o i s po en ial in a ious applica ions, including spacec a he mal con ol sys ems, domes ic
ho wa e gene a ion, and indus ial hea managemen . The use o wa e as a PCM is
ad an ageous due o i s high la en hea o usion, his means ha i can abso b and elease a
la ge amoun o he mal ene gy du ing he mel ing and solidi ica ion p ocess, making i an
e icien medium o he mal ene gy s o age and ans e . This s o age is also capable o
supplying domes ic ho wa e a low empe a u es, con ibu ing o he e iciency o he 5 h
gene a ion dis ic hea ing and cooling sys ems.
Key De elopmen s
NASA has been ac i ely de eloping wa e -based PCM hea exchange s o spacec a
applica ions. These hea exchange s a e designed o handle cyclical he mal en i onmen s, such
as hose encoun e ed in low luna o bi . The de elopmen ocuses on op imizing he design o
mee he hea ejec ion demands wi hou using consumables, he eby educing launch mass and
olume equi emen s
2930
.
A echno-economic analysis o a hea pump cycle, including a h ee-media
e ige an /PCM/wa e hea exchange , has shown p omising esul s o e icien domes ic ho
29
h ps://n s.nasa.go /api/ci a ions/20150003500/downloads/20150003500.pd Con inued Wa e -Based
Phase Change Ma e ial Hea Exchange De elopmen , 45 h In e na ional Con e ence on
En i onmen al Sys ems 12-16 July 2015, Belle ue, Washing on
30
h ps://n s.nasa.go /api/ci a ions/20140009567/downloads/20140009567.pd Wa e -Based Phase
Change Ma e ial Hea Exchange De elopmen , 44 h In e na ional Con e ence on En i onmen al
Sys ems 13-17 July 2014, Tucson, A izona
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 34
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
wa e gene a ion. The in eg a ion o PCM in he hea exchange enhances ene gy sa ings and
educes in es men cos s
31
.
4.2.3 Oppo uni ies and ba ie s o Wa e -PCM-Wa e Hea Exchange s
The high la en hea o usion o wa e makes i an e icien PCM, leading o signi ican ene gy
sa ings in a ious applica ions. This e iciency is a key d i e o he adop ion o wa e -based
PCM hea exchange s in bo h indus ial and esiden ial sec o s.
Wa e -based PCM hea exchange s do no ely on consumables, educing was e and
en i onmen al impac . This aligns wi h he g owing emphasis on sus ainable and eco- iendly
echnologies.
The de elopmen o wa e -based PCM hea exchange s aces challenges ela ed o eezing
wa e in enclosed olumes. Issues such as ice o ma ion, eeze on p opaga ion, and
solidi ica ion p ocesses need o be add essed o ensu e eliable pe o mance30.
While wa e -based PCM hea exchange s o e long- e m ene gy sa ings, he ini ial in es men
cos s could be high. Balancing cos and pe o mance a e c ucial o ma ke adop ion.
Fu u e P ospec s
The ma ke o wa e -based PCM hea exchange s is expec ed o g ow as ad ancemen s in
echnology add ess exis ing challenges. Con inued esea ch and de elopmen , coupled wi h
inc easing demand o ene gy-e icien and sus ainable solu ions, will d i e he ma ke o wa d.
4.2.4 Hea Exchange s Ma ke O e iew
The global hea exchange s ma ke is expe iencing signi ican g ow h, d i en by he ising ocus
on e icien he mal managemen ac oss a ious indus ies, including oil & gas, powe
gene a ion, chemical & pe ochemical, ood & be e age, and HVAC & e ige a ion
32
.
31
Emho e , J.; Ma x, K.; Ba z, T.; Hochwallne , F.; Cabeza, L.F.; Zsembinszki, G.; S ehlow, A.; Ni sch, B.;
Wies lecke , M.; Pink, W. Techno-Economic Analysis o a Hea Pump Cycle Including a Th ee-Media
Re ige an /Phase Change Ma e ial/Wa e Hea Exchange in he Ho Supe hea ed Sec ion o
E icien Domes ic Ho Wa e Gene a ion. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 7873.
h ps://doi.o g/10.3390/app10217873
32
h ps://www.g and iew esea ch.com/indus y-analysis/hea -exchange s-ma ke Hea Exchange s
Ma ke Size, Sha e & T ends Analysis Repo by P oduc (Pla e & F ame (B azed, Gaske ed, Welded),
By End-use (Chemical & Pe ochemical, Oil & Gas, Powe Gene a ion), By Ma e ial, By Region, And
Segmen Fo ecas s, 2024 - 2030
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 35
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Figu e 11 U.S. Hea Exchange s Ma ke size & ends (size by p oduc s, USD Billions). Sou ce:
h ps://www.g and iew esea ch.com/indus y-analysis/hea -exchange s-ma ke
4.2.5 Hea Exchange s Ma ke Size
The global hea exchange s ma ke size was alued a USD 15.94 billion in 2021 and is
p ojec ed o g ow o USD 27.55 billion by 2029, exhibi ing a CAGR o 7.5% du ing he o ecas
pe iod.
33
The Asia Paci ic egion domina ed he ma ke wi h a sha e o 33.25% in 202133.
Technological Ad ancemen s: Inno a ions such as ube inse s in hea exchange s a e expec ed
o complemen ma ke g ow h.32
Figu e 12 Asia Paci ic Hea Exchange Ma ke Size, 2018-2029 (USD Billion). Sou ce:
h ps://www. o unebusinessinsigh s.com/indus y- epo s/hea -exchange s-ma ke -100919
The Eu opean hea exchange ma ke was alued a app oxima ely USD 5.7 billion in 2023 and
is p ojec ed o g ow a a CAGR o 7.8% om 2024 o 203234. This g ow h is d i en by ising
33
h ps://www. o unebusinessinsigh s.com/indus y- epo s/hea -exchange s-ma ke -100919 Hea
Exchange Ma ke Size, Sha e & Indus y Analysis, By Type (Shell & Tube, Pla e & F ame, Ai Coole s,
Cooling Towe s, O he s), By Applica ion (Chemicals, Oil & Gas, Powe Gene a ion, HVAC, Au omobile,
Pha maceu icals, Food & Be e ages, O he s), and Regional Fo ecas , 2024-2032
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 36
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
ene gy demands o hea ing and cooling sys ems in building in as uc u e and inc easing
in es men s in hea y-du y indus ial ope a ions34.
Figu e 13 Eu ope Hea Exchange Ma ke Size, By Technology, 2022-2032 (USD Billion). Sou ce:
h ps://www.gminsigh s.com/indus y-analysis/eu ope-hea -exchange -ma ke
4.2.6 Hea Exchange s Ba ie s and Oppo uni ies
The demand o ene gy-e icien hea exchange s is inc easing due o he need o op imizing
hea ans e and enhancing ene gy sa ings in indus ial p ocesses32.
Signi ican powe ma ke s like China, he U.S., India, Russia, and Japan a e es uc u ing hei
ope a ing models o adop enewable ene gy and e icien u iliza ion o ene gy by ins alling
hea exchange s32.
The implemen a ion o he Eu opean G een Deal and o he ene gy e iciency no ms a e
signi ican d i e s. These egula ions equi e subs an ial in es men s o enhance ene gy
in as uc u e and p omo e he adop ion o e icien clima e con ol solu ions
34
.
Accele a ed in es men s in indus ial in as uc u e, pa icula ly in sec o s like oil & gas,
chemical, and powe gene a ion, a e boos ing he demand o hea exchange s34.
The expansion o u ban a eas and he cons uc ion sec o inc eases he need o HVAC sys ems,
u he d i ing he ma ke
35
.
The signi ican cos s associa ed wi h he ins alla ion and main enance o hea exchange s can
be a ba ie o ma ke g ow h34.
34
h ps://www.gminsigh s.com/indus y-analysis/eu ope-hea -exchange -ma ke Eu ope Hea
Exchange Ma ke Size – By Technology, By Applica ion (Oil & Gas, Chemical, Powe Gene a ion &
Me allu gy, Ma ine, Mechanical Indus y, Cen al Hea ing & Re ige a ion, Food P ocessing), Coun y
Ou look & Fo ecas , 2024 – 2032
35
h ps://www.nex msc.com/ epo /eu ope-hea -exchange s-ma ke Eu ope Hea Exchange s Ma ke
by Type (Shell & Tube, Pla e & F ame, Ai Cooled, and O he s), by Ma e ial (Me als, Alloys, and B azing-
CLAD), and by End Use (Chemical, Ene gy & Powe , Hea ing, Ven ila ion, Ai Condi ioning, and
Re ige a ion (HVACR), Food & Be e age, Pulp & Pape , and O he s)– Oppo uni y Analysis and
Indus y Fo ecas , 2024–2030
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 37
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Rapid echnological changes equi e con inuous inno a ion and adap a ion, posing a challenge
o manu ac u e s35.
Manu ac u e s also ace challenges such as inc easing demand a iabili y, in ense global
compe i ion, and mo e en i onmen al compliance egula ions32.
Finally, he pandemic posed challenges in wo king condi ions, leading o manu ac u ing delays
and supply chain dis up ions33.
Fu u e P ospec s
The ma ke is expec ed o ha e a posi i e impac pos -pandemic wi h inc eased p e e ence o
dis ic ene gy and enewable ene gy a ge s, along wi h he need o sa is y HVAC (Hea ing,
Ven ila ion and Ai Condi ioning) demand33.
The ma ke is expec ed o each USD 11.3 billion by 2032, d i en by con inuous ad ancemen s
in hea exchange echnologies and inc easing in es men s in ene gy-e icien in as uc u e34.
The ocus on u ilizing was e hea om indus ial p ocesses and he ha sh win e condi ions in
se e al Eu opean coun ies will u he augmen ma ke g ow h34.
4.2.7 Hea Exchange s Ma ke Leade s
Al a La al (Sweden): Al a La al is specialized in hea ans e , sepa a ion, and luid handling.
They p o ide ad anced hea exchange solu ions o a ious indus ies, including ene gy, ood,
wa e , and ma ine sec o s. Thei p oduc s a e known o hei e iciency and eliabili y in
he mal p ocesses
36
.
Kel ion Holding GmbH (Ge many): Kel ion is a leading global manu ac u e o hea
exchange s, o e ing solu ions o HVAC, powe gene a ion, and p ocess cooling. They p o ide
a wide ange o hea exchange s, including pla e, shell and ube, and inned- ube hea
exchange s, ailo ed o mee he needs o di e se indus ial applica ions
37
.
GEA G oup (Ge many): GEA G oup is one o he la ges supplie s o p ocess echnology o
he ood, be e age, and pha maceu ical sec o s. They ocus on machine y, plan s, and ad anced
p ocess echnology, including hea exchange s ha a e in eg al o hei he mal p ocessing
solu ions
38
.
SWEP In e na ional AB (Sweden): SWEP is specialized in b azed pla e hea exchange s,
o e ing e icien hea ing and cooling solu ions. Thei p oduc s a e designed o maximize
ene gy e iciency and a e used in HVAC, e ige a ion, and indus ial applica ions
39
.
36
Al a La al p in ed ci cui hea exchange s (PCHEs) | Al a La al
37
Hea Exchange s: Cooling & Hea ing Sys ems | Kel ion
38
Hea exchange s | liquid p ocessing sys ems (gea.com)
39
Challenge e iciency - SWEP

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 38
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
The max Limi ed (India): The max o e s sus ainable solu ions in ene gy and he en i onmen ,
including hea ing, cooling, wa e , and was e managemen . Thei hea exchange s a e used in
a ious indus ial p ocesses o imp o e ene gy e iciency and educe emissions
40
.
API Hea T ans e (U.S.): API Hea T ans e p o ides high-pe o mance hea ans e solu ions
o indus ies such as da a cen es, powe gene a ion, and ood and be e ages. They o e a
ange o hea exchange s, including pla e, shell and ube, and ai -cooled hea exchange
41
.
T an e , Inc. (U.S.): T an e specializes in gaske ed and welded pla e hea exchange s, se ing
indus ies like oil and gas, chemical, and HVAC. Thei p oduc s a e known o hei compac
design and high e iciency in hea ans e applica ions
42
.
Me sen (F ance): Me sen is a global expe in elec ical powe and ad anced ma e ials,
p o iding solu ions o powe managemen and an ico osion. They manu ac u e a a ie y o
hea exchange s, including g aphi e block and shell and ube hea exchange s, o use in
co osi e chemical p ocesses
43
.
Linde Enginee ing (U.K.): Linde Enginee ing is a leade in he p oduc ion, p ocessing, s o age,
and dis ibu ion o hyd ogen, wi h a ocus on clean ene gy solu ions. They p o ide ad anced
pla e- in and coil-wound hea exchange s o a ious indus ial applica ions
44
.
Table 6 WPW Hea Exchange [AIT, OCHS]
P oduc s/ se ices
Sho desc ip ion
WPW (wa e -PCM-Wa e ) hea exchange
The design is based on he WPW (Wa e -PCM-Wa e )-hea exchange
design de eloped in he HYBUILD and CHALLENGE EU- unded p ojec s
and will be a h ee media HEX wi h Domes ic Ho Wa e , PCM and wa e
passages (DPW-HEX). The PCM is cha ged wi h ho wa e p o ided by
he wa e cycle o he HP h ough he wa e passages. Du ing
discha ging, esh wa e a abou 15°C will be hea ed up o abou 50-
60°C on demand o p o ide DHW o he apa men occupan s.
Compe i i e
ad an ages
Ins ead o a s a e-o - he-a DHW s o age loca ed in he apa men s, a
space sa ing ins an aneous wa e hea e based on PCM ma e ials
p o ides a mo e compac solu ion and allows as e wa e hea ing
a es.
Time o ma ke
2028
P ice
EUR 6.000 excl. VAT
Ma ke
Po en ial
Ta ge ma ke (s))/
sec o (s)
HVAC
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
desc ip ion
The p oduc aims a he hea ing and cooling ma ke o esiden ial use.
I ’s b s su d w n u b s m n m k s w s n w
buildings ma ke .
40
P ess- elease-The maxs-key-announcemen s-aligned- o-ene gy- ansi ion.pd ( he maxglobal.com)
41
Indus y Expe ise - API Hea T ans e
42
Hea exchange s o you company’s ene gy ansi ion ( an e .com)
43
MERSEN | hea exchange | hea ans e | design | condense | coole
44
Pla e-Fin Hea Exchange s (PFHEs) | A Linde Company (linde-enginee ing.com)
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 39
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
size
The Ge man ma ke o yea ly sold hea ing uni s is abou 1 mio. Uni s.
Adding Aus ia (one 10 h o he size) and he Swiss ma ke would
n s m k s z 1.2 m un s. I ’s ssum d
changeo e o a Hea pump-based solu ion equi es an ene gy s o age
uni .
G ow h ends
The hea pump ma ke has encoun e ed an ex eme g ow h phase
since 2020 wi h yea ly g ow h a es in he ange o 20 o 50%.
Ba ie s o en y
High ini ial cos and he a ailabili y o 5GDHN hinde he ease o access
s ER. F m n w n n s n’ nd d
o ansi ion o a sus ainable solu ion and la owne s depend on he
app o al o hei neighbou ing la owne s.
Compe i ion
Key compe i o
Con en ional wa e based s o age ank
Ma ke sha e
>96 %
S eng hs
Cheap solu ions wi h well-es ablished sales and main enance pa hs.
Widesp ead usage wi h mains eam ins alla ion p ocedu es and
adequa e numbe o well-educa ed ins alle s.
Weaknesses
Space equi emen s a e much la ge han o he ER. This becomes
ex emely c i ical o small la sizes and e u bishmen solu ions.
Cus ome s
Key Cus ome s
The WPW-s o age manu ac u e will mos likely no sell di ec ly o he
end cus ome . The ypical pa hway is WPW-s o age manu ac u e ->
eselle s -> ins alle s -> end-use .
Pu chase beha iou
P oduc s a e ypically eplaced e e y 10 o 20 yea s.
Cus ome need
Gene al need o hea s o age is ul illed wi h his ER.
Communica ion
channels
Communica ion
s a egy
P esence a na ional and in e na ional ai s as well. Di ec app oach o
OEM cus ome s by he WPW-s o age manu ac u e . Mou h- o-mou h
ad e ising by sa is ied cus ome s is conside ed c ucial.
Budge
Less han 10% o yea ly expec ed sales o p oduc
4.3 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age
This chap e desc ibes he echnology and ma ke analyses o so p ion he mal ene gy s o ages
(STES), a echnology able o s o e he mal ene gy in a ma e ial made a leas by a so ben and
a so ba e. The analyses desc ibed in his chap e co e KET 2/ER 1 “So p ion The mal Ene gy
S o age” de eloped du ing HYPERGRYD by pa ne s CNR and SOR. In pa icula , his KET
is an inno a i e so p ion s o age con igu a ion o he lexible applica ion in hyb id he mal-
elec ic g ids.
4.3.1 Technology Desc ip ion and Analysis
So p ion he mal ene gy s o age (STES) is based on s o ing he mal ene gy in a ma e ial made
a leas by wo componen s: a so ben (e.g. sal hyd a es, silica gel, zeoli es) and a so ba e (e.g.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 40
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
wa e apo ). The wo componen s pa icipa e in a e e sible eac ion in which he mal ene gy
can be s o ed wi hin he chemical and physical bonds o he ma e ial.
45
The mal ene gy s o ages ope a e as ollows: he he mal ene gy ma e ial used (so ben o phase-
change ma e ials, PCM) will e ain he excess he mal ene gy om a liquid (ai o wa e ) ha
is wa me han i ; while he ma e ial will elease i s s o ed he mal ene gy o he liquid i his is
colde .
Main he mal ene gy s o age sys ems ha e been classi ied in o sensible hea s o age (SHS),
la en hea s o age (LHS) and so p ion he mal ene gy s o age (STES)
46
.
Sensible hea s o age (SHS) sys ems use he p ocess o media ma e ials’ empe a u e inc ease
o dec ease o s o e o elease he mal hea . The media ma e ials include di , ock, wa e ,
conc e e, and o he elemen s46.
Phase change ma e ials (PCMs), which s o e o elease hea h ough he phase change p ocess
a cons an empe a u es g ea e o lowe han he phase change empe a u e, a e used as media
ma e ials in la en hea s o age (LHS) sys ems. O ganic subs ances like pa a in and a y acids,
ino ganic subs ances like sal and sal hyd a es, and eu ec ic subs ances like u ea-ace amide a e
among he PCMs ha ha e been used46.
The cha ging and discha ging p ocess is ca ied ou ia so p ion he mal ene gy s o age (STES)
de ices, which ely on he e e sible p ocesses ha occu be ween he so ben and so ba e46.
Ou o he h ee he mal ene gy s o age me hods, concen a ed sola powe (CSP) sys ems and
sola wa e hea e s ha e been de eloped using SHS and LHS, which ha e unde gone ex ensi e
esea ch and p ac ice, while STES ha e been less in es iga ed a he momen . Howe e , STES
echnology has se e al ad an ages o e SHS and LHS echnologies, such as he possibili y o
long- e m ene gy p ese a ion wi h negligible hea loss once he so ben and so ba e a e
sepa a ed, as well as a high s o age densi y esul ing om he s ong bonding o ce be ween he
wo. As a esul , hese sys ems a e ecei ing mo e a en ion and a e being s udied in g ea e
de ail: he c ea ion o new wo king cycles, eac o and p o o ype design, and he syn hesis and
cha ac e isa ion o no el so p ion ma e ials a e he key a eas o s udy on STES echnology46.
In pa icula , esea che s a e in es iga ing in ma e ials wi h he ollowing cha ac e is ics:
• High massi e o olume ic ene gy s o age densi y.
• Low cha ging empe a u e.
• High so p ion capaci y.
• La ge he mal conduc i i y and good hea and mass ans e .
• Non- oxici y, non-co osi eness, and non-ha m ulness o he en i onmen and humans.
• Low cos .
• Good he mal s abili y and mechanical s eng h46.
Based on hese, he ocus is on ma e ials wi h:
• Po ous s uc u e (po e size, dis ibu ion, olume, and speci ic su ace a ea).
• So p ion capaci y (high so p ion capaci y a ce ain condi ions o empe a u e and
p essu e).
• So p ion/deso p ion a e (which de e mines imes o cha ging/discha ging p ocesses).
45
Techno-economic op imiza ion o an ene gy sys em wi h so p ion he mal ene gy s o age in di e en
ene gy ma ke s, Luca Scapino, Ca lo De Se ia, He be A. Zondag, Jan Di ikena, Camilo C.M. Rind ,
Ad iano Sciaco elli
46
Yannan Zhang, Ruzhu Wang, So p ion he mal ene gy s o age: Concep , p ocess, applica ions and
pe spec i es, Ene gy S o age Ma e ials, 2020, h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ensm.2020.02.024.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 41
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
• So p ion hea (ene gy s o age densi y and occupied a ea).
• The mal conduc i i y (which in luences hea exchange e iciency be ween he hea
ans e luid (HTF) and so ben )46.
The ma e ials mainly used a e:
• Solid adso ben s, such as silica gel, zeoli e sie es, ac i a ed ca bon and na u al ocks.
• No el po ous ma e ials, wi h be e so p ion p ope ies compa ed o solid ma e ials,
such as aluminophospha es (AlPOs), silico-aluminophospha es (SAPOs) and me al
o ganic amewo ks (MOFs).
• Chemical so ben s, in pa icula sal hyd a es because hey ha e highe so p ion hea
due o he la ge eac ion en halpy o he chemical eac ion compa ed wi h physical
so ben s. They include chlo ide sal s (LiCl, CaCl2, MgCl2), b omine sal s (S B 2 and
LiB ) and sulpha es (MgSO4).
• Liquid abso ben s, whe e H2O solu ions wi h chemical so ben s (such as sal s) abso b
he ela ed so ba e and ans o ms in o a weak solu ion.
• Composi e so ben s, which a e made such as a “hyg oscopic sal inside a po ous ma ix
wi h open po es”, inse ing sal hyd a es in o he po es o he ma ix, p oducing a
composi ion o physical so ben s (wi h s able pe o mance bu low ene gy s o age
densi y) and sal hyd a es (which ha e high s o age densi y bu low s abili y du ing
ime)46.
4.3.1.1 Pa en analysis
The pa en analysis has been ca ied ou exploi ing he Pa Snap da abase and e ie ing ele an
pa en s iden i ied by using he ollowing sea ch que y.
Table 7 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Pa en analysis c i e ia
Que y
TA_ALL:(so p * AND ( he m* OR hea *) AND s o *) AND PBD:[20100101 TO *]
AND MIPC:(G01* OR F25* OR F24* OR F04*)
Time pe iod
F om 01/01/2010 o *
Resul s
42 pa en s
While he que y esul ed in a small numbe o pa en s, RINA-C did no e ine i . All he
ollowing analyses and g aphs ha e been based on he pa en s selec ed by he sea ch que y.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 48
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
suppo mechanisms, clea guidelines and egula ions, and p ice suppo mechanisms o
enewable dis ic hea ing and cooling o accele a e p ojec s. Ano he oppo uni y could de i e
p o iding ecosys em suppo o emphasize he bene i s o he mal ene gy s o age (TES) in
enewable dis ic ene gy p ojec s.
Buildings
The buildings sec o lacks consume awa eness and ma ke demand o TES solu ions. The
buildings sec o can use TES solu ions o manage he inc easing sha e o enewables and
elec i ica ion, bu hey a e no ye cos -compe i i e. I is impo an o highligh he lack o
consume awa eness and ma ke demand o no el TES solu ions, such as phase change
ma e ials, and he eliance on incumben echnologies and in as uc u e, such as gas boile s.
Policy make s should und R&D and demons a ion p ojec s, p o ide ecosys em suppo and
p ice suppo mechanisms, and encou age he up ake o hea pumps and o he enewable hea ing
solu ions.
4.3.6 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age Ma ke Leade s
Sunamp
Sunamp is a wo ldwide company, p oduces he mal ba e ies using phase change ma e ials ha
make p oduc s e y ene gy-dense and space-e icien , he e o e e y e sa ile o ins alla ion
wi h any enewable ene gy sou ce, whe he hea pumps o pho o ol aics. Besides, Sunamp
akes ca e o he g eenness o i s solu ions: i s i es o minimize CO2 emissions and achie e
ne -ze o. Howe e , Sunamp being ela i ely newe o he ma ke , aces he issues o ma ke
pene a ion and b and ecogni ion agains he mo e es ablished i ms.
49
FAHRENHEIT
FAHRENHEIT, a Ge man company, is a high-e iciency adso p ion chille specialis wi h
minimal impac on he en i onmen . The p oduc s om his company educe ene gy
consump ion and sa e on ope a ing cos s; an appeal o ene gy-conscious consume ma ke s is,
he e o e, s ong. FAHRENHEIT ocuses on abso p ion echnology ha is a niche ma ke and
may he e o e miss ou on many o he ma ke oppo uni ies. In addi ion, his his ype o sys em
could be expensi e a he poin o ini ial sale, sca ing away some p ospec i e buye s.
5051
Va-Q- ec
Va-Q- ec is a Ge man company which added o i s echnologies he inno a ion o VIPs
52
(Vacuum Insula ion Panels), which gi e supe b he mal insula ion in con ined spaces. Thei
sys ems o he mal packaging main ain he empe a u e wi hou any ex e nal ene gy inpu o e
longe pe iods his could be exploi able o di e en applica ions. Finally, hough, e en as
49
h ps://sunamp.com/abou -sunamp/
50
h ps://www.hpcwi e.com/o - he-wi e/ ah enhei - eleases- ack-in eg a ed-adso p ion-chille s/
51
h ps:// ah enhei .cool/en/ e e ences/
52
h ps://i . a-q-
ec.com/download/companies/ aq ec/CompanyP esen a ion/210622_IR_Company_p esen a ion_
FF.pd

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 49
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
echnology ad ances o Va-Q- ec’s p oduc s, i could be p icie han con en ional insula ion
solu ions.
53
Calmac
Calmac is an USA company i has been a ed in he indus y as a e e an company dealing in
empe a u e ene gy s o age sys ems using ice. Thei echnologies a e good in peak ene gy
demand educ ion. Howe e , some o he sys ems o echnologies used by Calmac could be
ela i ely ou da ed and could equi e in ensi e main enance
54
.
Table 9 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age [CNR, SOR]
P oduc s/ se ices
Sho desc ip ion
Technology sho desc ip ion, key ea u es
TCM – he mochemical s o age. Long- e m
s o age p o iding hea ing/cooling
Compe i i e
ad an ages
Compe i i e ad an ages o he p oduc /se ice, inno a i eness o he
p oduc s TMC speci ically design o 4 h and 5 h gene a ion DHC
ne wo k.
Used o composi e ma e ial sui able o low- empe a u e hea
cha ge, exploi ing was e hea and sola hea , and o he op ions.
An inno a i e mul i-modula con igu a ion highe lexibili y in adap ing
o he di e en hea sou ces in he g id, and modula powe p o ided.
Op imiza ion o ope a ion as a mul i-di ec ional sys em o p o ide
hea ing and cooling bo h o- and om- o a be e in eg a ion in DHC
sys em
Reco e y low empe a u e excess hea and include low en halpy RES
Time o ma ke
Expec ed s a ing p oduc sell (Yea ) 2030
P ice
Ex d s n 350/400 €/kW sys m 100kW nd u
6kWcold p o ided
Ma ke Po en ial
Ta ge ma ke (s)/
sec o (s)
In HYPERGRYD i p ima ily add esses he DHCN e e ence ma ke .
I can be a ge ing o he ma ke when hea ing/cooling s o ages a e
needed. Focus on cooling po en ial ma ke mo e han hea ing.
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
desc ip ion
Single and mul i amily house, small o ice/comme cial ac i i ies and
wo kshops
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
size
F om GA Ma ke size in e ms o alue and olume
The global DHC Ma ke size in 2017 was es ima ed a o e USD 200
b n. In 2013 DH s s n Eu d € 23 billion
(acco ding o eu ohea .o g)
G ow h ends
F om GA In 2013 he capaci y o DHC sales in Eu ope was p ojec ed o
ise om abou 9% o 50% o o al H/C demand. The global HP ma ke
s z su ss d € 40 b n n 2019, and annual uni s sold is an icipa ed
o exceed 13 million uni s by 2026 wi h a CAGR o 5%.
Ba ie s o en y
High cos o p oduc ion and de elop, young echnologies, lack o
e e ence o ce i ica ions
Compe
i ion
Key compe i o
No di ec compe i o s. Some simila i y wi h PCM solu ion
Ma ke sha e
Di ec con ac has no ma ke . PCM supplie less han 5%
53
h ps://www. a-q- ec.com/en/
54
h ps://www.calmac.com/icebank-ene gy-s o age-bene i s
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 50
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
S eng hs
P esen in he ma ke since se e al yea s. Compac uni easy o be
ins alled and low main enance
Weaknesses
High p ices, young echnologies, well known o small applica ion
Cus ome s
Key Cus ome s
B2B o each di e en sec o s and expand he echnologies wi h
ins alle , gene al con ac o , agency
Pu chase beha iou
Single pu chasing, o be ins alled in exis ing sys em o new design
solu ion
Cus ome need
G een sa es ene gy, ci cula economy o use and euse was e a ailable
hea . Economical ad an age o smoo h he peak and sa e cos by
discha ging he sys em when he cos o he ene gy is highe
Communica ion
channels
Communica ion
s a egy
LinkedIn/webpage in he u u e di ec con ac o B2B in exhibi ion
Budge
Ex d bud mmun n. F m 2 5k€
depending on si ua ion
4.4 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e
(Cogene a ion)
This chap e desc ibes he echnology and ma ke analyses o cogene a ion (CHP) sys ems,
ocusing on mic o-CHP sys ems wi h s eam engines and bu e s, which a e sys ems able o
inc ease he ene gy e iciency o buildings, p o iding bo h elec ic ene gy and hea . The
analyses desc ibed in his chap e co e KET 3/ER 4 “Re e sible mic o-CHP wi h S eam
Engine and S eam Bu e ” de eloped du ing HYPERGRYD by pa ne RANO. In pa icula ,
his KET is a CHP solu ion able o be d i en by di e en enewable ene gy sou ces (RES), wi h
he possibili y o op imized e e sible ope a ion o he imp o emen o exis ing he mal g ids
and he p o ision o se ices o elec ical g ids.
4.4.1 Technology Desc ip ion and Analysis
This echnology is a compac s eam engine ha gene a es elec ici y and s o es s eam, o be
used as was e hea o wi h sola ene gy o p oduce addi ional powe . The design aims o be
du able and e icien , a oiding he need o oil and educing uel consump ion. The c ea o s a e
expe imen ing wi h ma e ials o ind he bes op ions ha wi hs and hea and co osion,
con ibu ing o en i onmen al sus ainabili y.
The p oduc ion o elec ic ene gy wi h he euse o he hea gene a ed by he engine and/o he
combus ion is called “cogene a ion” o “combined hea and powe ” (CHP). This kind o
gene a o is mo e e icien compa ed o s anda d combus ion gene a o s because i eco e s he
hea ha , o he wise, will be los .
In las yea s, he esea ch is ocused on he de elopmen o small and mic o-CHP (mCHP)
sys ems because hey can o e po en ial bene i s o he en i onmen such as he educ ion o
g eenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, he decen aliza ion o ene gy supply and he imp o emen
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 51
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
o ene gy secu i y, he educ ion o ene gy losses om elec ici y ansmission and dis ibu ion
ne wo ks, and he educ ion o ene gy cos o consume s.
55
The main componen s o hese sys ems a e a p ime mo e (e.g., S e ling engine, ecip oca ing
engines, s eam engines, gas u bines, mic o u bines) and an O ganic Rankine cycle. This
combina ion allows o simul aneously p oduce powe and hea , and each adop ed echnology
has p os and cons. Thei use in building sec o , especially in esiden ial buildings, may eally
p o ide bene i s, in pa icula acco ding o he ene gy consump ion and he g eenhouse gases
(GHG) emissions: i will p o ide elec ic ene gy, ho wa e o s eam, and hea o he building.55
4.4.1.1 Pa en analysis
The pa en analysis has been ca ied ou exploi ing he Pa Snap da abase and e ie ing ele an
pa en s iden i ied by using he ollowing sea ch que y.
Table 10 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Pa en analysis c i e ia
Que y
TA_ALL:((mic * AND (CHP OR cogene a *)) AND s eam*) AND PBD:[20100101
TO *]
Time pe iod
F om 01/01/2010 o *
Resul s
27 pa en s
While he que y esul ed in a small numbe o pa en s, RINA-C did no e ine i . All he
ollowing analyses and g aphs ha e been based on he pa en s selec ed by he sea ch que y.
Pa en ing end
Figu e 20 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Pa en publishing end
55
S. Mu ugan, Bohumil Ho ák, A e iew o mic o combined hea and powe sys ems o esiden ial
applica ions, Renewable and Sus ainable Ene gy Re iews, 2016,
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j. se .2016.04.064.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 52
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
The end shows an i egula shape, wi h an inc ease ha culmina e in he 2018 peak ollowed
by a low numbe o published pa en s. E en i da a om 2024 a e no o ally ep esen a i e due
o he iming o he p ocedu es ela ed o accep ance and publica ion o a pa en , i seems ha
a new peak could happened in his yea . This inal aspec could indica e a possible new inc ease
in he esea ch ac i i ies abou he combina ion o mic o-CHP and s eam engines/bu e s.
Conside ing his, om he small numbe o pa en s eme ged ha he echnology is in a
p elimina y phase o de elopmen .
IPC and key a eas o esea ch
Figu e 21 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Top IPCs
The abo e igu e shown he numbe o pa en s published in he selec ed pe iod ( om Janua y
2010 o Augus 2024), ela ed o he IPC code used o classi y pa en opics.
Based on he numbe o iden i ied pa en s, he ollowing 5 IPC codes desc ibed in he able a e
he ones wi h mos occu ences and, consequen ly, he mos ele an o he in es iga ed opic.
Table 11 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Top IPCs desc ip ion
IPC Code
Pa en s
Desc ip ion
F22B 33/18
2
S eam-gene a ion plan s, e.g. comp ising s eam boile s o di e en ypes
in mu ual associa ion: Combina ions o s eam boile s wi h o he appa a us
F01K 13/00
2
Combina ions o wo o mo e machines o engines
C01B 32/336
2
Ca bon; Compounds he eo : Ac i e ca bon p epa a ion cha ac e ised by
gaseous ac i a ing agen s
F01K 27/00
2
Plan s o con e ing hea o luid ene gy in o mechanical ene gy, no
o he wise p o ided o
F01D 15/10
2
Adap a ions o machines o engines o special use; Combina ions o
engines wi h de ices d i en he eby ( egula ing o con olling, see he
ele an g oups; aspec s p edominan ly conce ning d i en de ices, see he
ele an classes o he de ices): Adap a ions o d i ing, o combina ions
wi h, elec ic gene a o s
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 53
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
The analysis o he op IPC codes e eals ha he e is no a main ield o esea ch o his opic.
Howe e , main IPCs a e in he “F – Mechanical Enginee ing; Ligh ing; Hea ing; Weapons;
Blas ing” ield:
• F01-F04 “Engines o Pumps”.
• F21-F28 “Ligh ing; Hea ing”.
Mo eo e , he analysis also iden i ied o he IPC codes ela ed o he opic, such as “B –
Pe o ming Ope a ions; T anspo ing”, “C – Chemis y; Me allu gy”, and “G – Physics”.
Assignee and dead/ali e pa en s
Table 12 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Top s anda dized assignee
S anda dized Cu en Assignee
Pa en s
Hepu Ene gy En i onmen al Technology Co L d
2
En i o Powe LLC
1
Flow Tech
1
Se ices Shukasiewicz - Wa szawski Ins o Tech | Ma czenko Wodzimie z
1
Hebei Uni o Tech
1
Ozhikeno a Zhana Fa ha o na
1
China Pe oleum & Chem Co p | 石化盈科信息技术有限责任公司
1
庞永清 | 庞峥 | 庞凯元
1
No h China Elec ic Powe Uni
1
Ene ge ix Genlec
1
박영배
1
Mingguang Jinyang Sola Ene gy
1
Voon Ge a d
1
Ясаков Николай Васильевич
1
Uni Moulay Ismail
1
Nanjing Fo es y Uni | No 63971 T oops Pla
1
Inha Uni Res & Business Founda ion
1
Fede alnoe Gosuda s ennoe A onomnoe Ob azo a elnoe Uch ezhdenie Vysshego
Ob azo aniya Sama skij Na sionalnyj Issledo a elskij Uni Imeni Akadka S P
Ko ole a | Ak sione noe Obshches o Me allis Sama a
1
Sichuan Leiming Biology En i onmen al P o ec ion P ojec Co L d
1
Rau a Ion
1
Amicable In en ions LLC
1
Nes ec SA
1
P o on Powe
1
The T us ees o Columbia Uni in he Ci y o New Yo k
1
Uni s Gadjah Mada
1
Ka ahan Ahme
1
The abo e able shows he 26 s anda dized assignees o he published pa en s conside ed in his
analysis. The only one wi h 2 pa en s is Hepu Ene gy En i onmen al Technology Co L d, a
na ional Chinese high- ech en e p ise ha ope a es in ene gy powe consump ion, he mal
powe lexibili y, s eam s o age ans o ma ion, and comp ehensi e ene gy se ices. O he

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 54
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
iden i ied companies ac i e in he ene gy sec o a e En i o Powe , Flow Tech, Nes ec, and
P o on Powe . The o he assignees a e uni e si ies, esea ch cen es, and in en o s.
This da a shows ha mic o-CHPs ha wo ks wi h s eam a e in a de eloping phase and ha , a
he momen , he esea ch on his opic is a he beginning.
The below igu e shows he pa en s’ s a us as he o al numbe o dead, ali e, and inde e mina e
pa en s. As can be seen in he g aph, he majo i y o IP is cu en ly dead: his ac could e idence
ha he echnology is s ill in a i s de elopmen phase, e en acco ding o he pa en s’ end
showed in he i s igu e o his chap e .
Figu e 22 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Pa en s’ s a us
Geog aphical a eas and ma ke s
Figu e 23 Re e sible Mic o-CHP wi h S eam Engine and S eam Bu e – Geog aphical co e age
In addi ion o wha is shown in he igu e, he e a e also 2 pa en s egis e ed a he WIPO o ice.
Applican s mainly come om Asia (8 om China, 4 om Singapo e, 3 om Ko ea, and 1 om
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 55
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Japan, Kazakhs an, and Indonesia), while he es is di ided in Eu ope, A ica, and No h
Ame ica.
A signi ican aspec is ha mos ac i e coun ies a e he ones wi h a s ong indus ial
knowledge, wi h ac i e wo k o ce in ene gy sys ems ha is commi ed o sus ainabili y.
Because o his, hese coun ies a e in e es ed in de eloping new inno a i e echnologies.
Rele an pa en s
Please e e o chap e “Rele an pa en s o Re e sible Mic o-CHP” in Annexes sec ion.
4.4.2 Ma ke O e iew and Size
The global ma ke o cogene a ion solu ions is apidly expanding, d i en by inc easing demand
o ene gy e iciency and he need o educe CO2 emissions. Mic o-CHP echnologies ep esen
a signi ican po ion o his ma ke , wi h applica ions in bo h esiden ial and comme cial
se ings
56
. Technological inno a ion and s ic e en i onmen al egula ions a e os e ing he
adop ion o mic o-CHP sys ems.
Acco ding o he epo o COGEN Wo ld Coali ion (CWC), GLOBAL COGENERATION
MARKET OVERVIEW 2nd Edi ion (Decembe 2023), he o al capaci y o CHP plan s and
ins alla ions wo ldwide, in e ms o hei combined hea ou pu , has inc eased by mo e han
25% since 2010.
57
Be ween 2010 and 2020, annual CHP hea and powe ou pu inc eased on a e age by 3% and
2% espec i ely. In 2020, elec ici y gene a ion dec eased by 1%, which can be explained by
Co id-19 pandemic.57
Figu e 24 Elec ici y and Hea p oduced by cogene a ion globally (sou ce: h ps://www.cogenwo ld.o g/2nd-global-
cogene a ion-ma ke - epo /)
56
h ps://www.g and iew esea ch.com/indus y-analysis/cogene a ion-equipmen -ma ke
Cogene a ion Equipmen Ma ke Size, Sha e & T ends Analysis Repo by Applica ion, Regional
Ou look, Compe i i e S a egies, And Segmen Fo ecas s, 2019 To 2025
57
h ps://www.cogenwo ld.o g/2nd-global-cogene a ion-ma ke - epo / CWC’s 2nd Global Ma ke
Repo con i ms g owing use o cogene a ion echnologies a ound he wo ld
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 56
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Acco ding o he la es da a ( om 2020), he annual ou pu o CHP sys ems globally amoun s
o 11,449 TWh o hea and 4,119 TWh o elec ici y, which ep esen s jus o e 15% o o al
elec ici y gene a ion.
CHP sys ems a e p ima ily being d i en by ossil uels, especially coal and coal p oduc s
(59.6%) and na u al gas (31.8%)
58
. Fu u e ends and oppo uni ies o he e e sible mic o-
CHP wi h s eam engine and s eam bu e could be he g adual phaseou o coal (howe e e y
slow) and elec i ica ion o indus y.
Figu e 25 CHP main uel use (sou ce: h ps://www.cogenwo ld.o g/wp-
con en /uploads/2023/12/CWC_2nd_Global_Ma ke _O e iew_Dec-2023.pd )
The global combined hea and powe (CHP) ma ke size was alued a USD 18.6 billion in
2021 and is p ojec ed o expand a a CAGR o o e 8.1% om 2022 o 2028. This echnology
wi nessed a subs an ial pene a ion ac oss he globe hanks o ongoing e o s o educe he
eliance on coal powe plan s and he in oduc ion o cleane gene a ion echnologies o cu b
soa ing emissions
59
.
58
h ps://www.cogenwo ld.o g/wp-
con en /uploads/2023/12/CWC_2nd_Global_Ma ke _O e iew_Dec-2023.pd GLOBAL
COGENERATION MARKET OVERVIEW 2nd Edi ion (Decembe 2023), Cogen wo ld coali ion
59
h ps://www.gminsigh s.com/indus y-analysis/combined-hea -and-powe -CHP-ma ke Combined
Hea and Powe (CHP) Ma ke Size - By Fuel (Na u al Gas, Coal, Biomass), By End Use (Residen ial,
Comme cial, Indus ial), By Capaci y (1 kW – 0.5 MW, 0.5MW - 5MW, Abo e 5 MW), By Technology &
Fo ecas , 2024 - 2032
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 57
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Figu e 26 Combined Hea and Powe Ma ke Size, By Fuel, 2022-2032 (USD Billion) Sou ce:
h ps://www.gminsigh s.com/indus y-analysis/combined-hea -and-powe -CHP-ma ke
4.4.3 Ma ke Segmen a ion and Ma ke Geog aphy
Asia-Paci ic, Eu ope and No h Ame ica a e he egions wi h he mos de eloped ma ke s o
cogene a ion echnologies. CHP sys ems a e widely used in ene gy-in ensi e indus ies such as
chemicals, pulp and pape , as well as ood and d ink, and hey a e inc easingly being deployed
o p o ide elec ici y and hea o acili ies such as hospi als and uni e si ies, as well as dis ic
hea ing and cooling ne wo ks57.
Eu ope: CHP sha e in o al elec ici y gene a ion is o e all s able a a ound 19%. The main
uels a e na u al gas and coal, ollowed by bio uels and was e. Na u al gas has a s able sha e o
60%; coal is declining a a e y slow a e (-3% in 10 yea s); bio uels and was e ha e a modes
g ow h end (+5% in 10 yea s). Ge many is he bigges CHP ma ke , ep esen ing c. 31% o
o al CHP elec ici y p oduc ion in EU, ollowed by Poland (20%) and I aly (13%). Toge he
hey ep esen 64% o o al CHP ma ke .
Figu e 27 Eu ope Combined Hea and Powe Ma ke , 2022-2032 (USD Billion) Sou ce:
h ps://www.gminsigh s.com/indus y-analysis/combined-hea -and-powe -CHP-ma ke
The Eu opean combined hea and powe ma ke has seen s ong g ow h, wi h o ecas s
indica ing i will exceed USD 17.5 billion by 2032. This g ow h is d i en by inc easing ene gy
e iciency egula ions, ising demand o sus ainable and decen alized ene gy solu ions, and
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 64
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
4.5.2 Ma ke O e iew and Size
The ma ke o digi al pla o m echnologies used in managing and con olling sys ems o
building dis ic hea ing and cooling (DHC) is g owing signi ican ly. This ma ke is pa o he
b oade dis ic hea ing ma ke , which was alued a USD 168.29 billion in 2023 and is
p ojec ed o each USD 241.27 billion by 2032, wi h a compound annual g ow h a e (CAGR)
o 4.43%.
67
Figu e 28 Eu ope Dis ic Hea ing Ma ke Size, 2019-2032 (USD Billion). Sou ce:
h ps://www. o unebusinessinsigh s.com/indus y- epo s/dis ic -hea ing-ma ke -100097
The digi aliza ion o DHC sys ems in ol es in eg a ing ad anced echnologies like sma
me e s, demand-based hea ing sys ems, and home au oma ion. These echnologies help
op imize ene gy use, imp o e e iciency, and suppo he ansi ion o mo e sus ainable ene gy
sys ems.
68
4.5.3 Oppo uni ies and Ba ie s o Managemen and Con olling Sys ems
A g owing emphasis on educing ca bon oo p in s and enhancing ene gy e iciency d i es he
adop ion o ad anced managemen and con ol sys ems. Go e nmen egula ions and policies
p omo ing enewable ene gy and g id mode niza ion push he demand o sophis ica ed ene gy
con ol and managemen echnologies. Inno a ions in digi al echnologies, including AI,
machine lea ning, and IoT, a e enhancing he capabili ies and applica ions o managemen
sys ems. The need o esilien and eliable ene gy sys ems, pa icula ly in he ace o inc easing
g id complexi ies a e ano he sou ce o oppo uni y o new digi al solu ions.
67
h ps://www. o unebusinessinsigh s.com/indus y- epo s/dis ic -hea ing-ma ke -100097 Dis ic
Hea ing Ma ke Size, Sha e & Indus y Analysis, By Hea Sou ce (Coal, Na u al Gas, Renewables, Oil &
Pe oleum P oduc s, and O he s), By Plan Type (Boile , CHP, and O he s), By Applica ion (Residen ial,
Comme cial, and Indus ial), and Regional Fo ecas , 2024-2032
68
h ps://www.cohe en ma ke insigh s.com/ma ke -insigh /dis ic -hea ing-ma ke -5980 Dis ic Hea ing
Ma ke Analysis, Dis ic Hea ing Ma ke , By Plan Type (Boile Plan , Combined Hea and Powe (CHP)),
By Hea Sou ce (Coal, Na u al Gas, Renewables, Oil and Pe oleum P oduc s), By Applica ion
(Residen ial Comme cial and Indus ial), and By Geog aphy (No h Ame ica, Eu ope, Asisa Paci ic,
La in Ame ica, and Middle Eas & A ica)

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 65
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Ba ie s en ail subs an ial by ini ial in es men equi ed o deploying ad anced managemen
and con ol sys ems. In eg a ing hese managemen and con olling sys ems wi h exis ing
in as uc u e and ensu ing compa ibili y ac oss di e en pla o ms and de ices can be
challenging. Finally, handling and analysing as amoun s o da a gene a ed by hese sys ems
equi e obus da a managemen solu ions and in as uc u e.
4.5.4 Managemen and Con olling Sys ems Ma ke Leade s
La ge global digi al solu ions p o ide s in he ene gy indus y include he ollowing:
Siemens AG is a Ge man company, i is leade in ene gy managemen sys ems, p o iding
comp ehensi e solu ions o ene gy au oma ion and sma g id echnologies
69
.
Schneide Elec ic, a F ench company, o e s a ange o ene gy managemen and au oma ion
solu ions ha imp o e e iciency and sus ainabili y in ene gy sys ems
70
.
ABB G oup, a Swiss company, is specialized in con ol sys ems o u ili ies and indus ies,
emphasizing sma g ids and digi aliza ion
71
.
Gene al Elec ic (GE), an Ame ican company, p o ides ad anced so wa e solu ions o g id
managemen and con ol, ocusing on digi al ene gy ans o ma ion
72
.
In addi ion, he e a e many o he solu ion p o ide s and in he Eu opean Union hey gene ally
pa icipa e as membe s o he sma En business associa ion in eg a ing he consume -d i en
solu ions o he clean ene gy ansi ion.
Below is a abula p esen a ion o he ma ke assessmen o digi al ools de eloped in he
HYPERGRYD p ojec :
Table 17 BIM-GIS oolki o DHC ne wo k piping and con igu a ion planning + HYPERGRYD Digi al Twin Pla o m-as-a-
Se ice [IDP]
P oduc s/ se ices
Sho desc ip ion
BIM-GIS oolki o DHC ne wo k piping and con igu a ion planning +
HYPERGRYD Digi al Twin Pla o m-as-a-Se ice
This no el Building In o ma ion Modelling (BIM) me hodology enhances
in e ope abili y wi h o he o ma s and so wa e ools used by end-
use s, inco po a ing all ele an da a in o a common da abase using an
open BIM o ma . Designed o suppo decision-making, i gene a es
op imized ne wo k layou s and dimensioning pa ame e s o nex -
gene a ion dis ic hea ing ne wo ks’ in as uc u e planning,
applicable o bo h new and exis ing ne wo ks.
69
h ps://www.siemens.com/global/en/p oduc s/ene gy/g id-so wa e/ope a ion/g id-
con ol.h ml?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIkdLal jWhwMV2ahoCR10UAThEAAYASAAEgJF4PD_BwE&acz=1&ga
d_sou ce=1
70
h ps://www.se.com/ww/en/
71
h ps://new.abb.com/buildings
72
h ps://www.ge e no a.com/news/p ess- eleases/GE-Digi al-Announces-G idOS-So wa e
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 66
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Compe i i e
ad an ages
• P o ides a isual decision suppo use in e ace and gene a es
op imized ne wo k layou s and dimensioning pa ame e s o
he in as uc u e planning o he nex gene a ion DHC
ne wo ks.
• Ex ends BIM me hodology o make i in e ope able wi h GIS o
model in e modal e minals (In aBIM).
• Assess and alida e de ined KPIs which equi ed he da a
exchange om di e se so wa e ools h ough API
de elopmen
• Geospa ial ne wo k op imiza ion ool based on exe go-
economic models.
Time o ma ke
No de ined.
P ice
Licence mon hly and yea ly p ice no de ined.
Ma ke Po en ial
Ta ge ma ke (s))/
sec o (s)
Building In o ma ion Modelling (BIM)
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
desc ip ion
Wi h he in oduc ion o compu e so wa e, planning and modelling
o a chi ec u e ha e unde gone a pa adigm shi in ecen yea s.
Imp o emen s in digi al design ools, compu e -con olled ab ica ion,
connec i i y, and in e connec edness ha e opened up a new s age o
he design and build p ocess. Building in o ma ion modelling has seen
a lo o expendi u es and de elopmen s.
Sou ce: h ps://www.mo do in elligence.com/indus y-
epo s/building-in o ma ion-modelling-ma ke
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
size
Es ima ed a USD 8.72 billion in 2024.
Sou ce: h ps://www.mo do in elligence.com/indus y-
epo s/building-in o ma ion-modelling-ma ke
G ow h ends
Expec ed o each USD 16.72 billion by 2029, g owing a a CAGR o
13.90% du ing he o ecas pe iod (2024-2029).
Sou ce: h ps://www.mo do in elligence.com/indus y-
epo s/building-in o ma ion-modelling-ma ke
Ba ie s o en y
Cos , complexi y, lack o s anda diza ion, skills gap, and egula o y
challenges.
Compe i ion
Key compe i o
Es i, Au odesk, QGIS.
Ma ke sha e
F agmen ed – Highly compe i i e ma ke wi hou dominan playe s.
S eng hs
Ma ke s ablished solu ions.
Weaknesses
• High-cos so wa e
• Limi a ion o he ained p o essionals
• Implemen a ion Issues
Sou ce: h ps://www.mo do in elligence.com/indus y-
epo s/building-in o ma ion-modelling-ma ke
Cus ome s
Key Cus ome s
B2B & B2C
Pu chase beha iou
Mon hly and yea ly license.
Cus ome need
• A use - iendly web pla o m ha doesn’ equi e speci ic ools
o usabili y.
• License ees mo e a o dable compa ed o compe i o s.
• Main enance and consul ing se ices p o ided o he clien .
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 67
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Communica ion
channels
Communica ion
s a egy
HYPERGRYD communica ion plan.
Budge
No de ined.
Table 18 Exe goeconomic op imiza ion ool o 4 h and 5 h gene a ion o DHC [GET]
P oduc s/ se ices
Sho desc ip ion
The Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool is designed o he design and
ope a ion op imiza ion o 4 h and 5 h gene a ion Dis ic Hea ing and
Cooling (DHC) sys ems. I in eg a es economic and he mal modelling,
aiming o cos -e ec i eness and ene gy e iciency. Key ea u es
include he u iliza ion o Geog aphic In o ma ion Sys em (GIS) da a,
loads, ene gy p ices, Renewable Ene gy Sou ces (RES), and s o age
da a. I suppo s scena io compa ison, exe gy-based analysis, and
isualizes esul s like low a es, empe a u es, and p essu e d ops. The
ool is enhanced wi h Py hon sc ip s and ope a es wi hin he QGIS
pla o m, enabling de ailed planning, ope a ion op imiza ion, and
in eg a ion wi h he HYPERGRYD pla o m o b oade analysis and
decision-making.
Compe i i e
ad an ages
The Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool o 4 h and 5 h gene a ion
Dis ic Hea ing and Cooling sys ems p esen s a unique compe i i e
ad an age by combining he mal and economic op imiza ion wi hin a
single amewo k. This inno a i e app oach allows o he in eg a ion
o enewable ene gy sou ces and he op imiza ion o he sys em’s
ope a ion and design, emphasizing cos -e ec i eness and ene gy
e iciency. The ool’s in eg a ion wi h GIS enhances i s unc ionali y,
enabling p ecise planning and op imiza ion based on eal-wo ld
geog aphic da a. I s capabili y o handle a ious inpu da a ypes,
including loads, ene gy p ices, and enewable ene gy sou ces, u he
dis inguishes i om adi ional op imiza ion ools.
Mo eo e , he ool’s abili y o pe o m de ailed scena io compa isons
and isualize esul s h ough low a es, empe a u es, and p essu e
d ops o e s use s aluable insigh s in o he po en ial imp o emen s
and cos sa ings o DHC sys ems. This le el o de ail and in eg a ion
wi h he HYPERGRYD pla o m, h ough an API in e ace, acili a es a
b oade analysis and decision-making p ocess ha is bo h inno a i e
and p ac ical o planne s, sys em ope a o s, and de elope s. The ool’s
lexibili y, comp ehensi e analysis capabili ies, and ocus on enewable
ene gy in eg a ion ep esen signi ican ad ances in he ield o DHC
sys em op imiza ion, se ing a new s anda d o e iciency and
sus ainabili y in ene gy managemen
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 68
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Time o ma ke
The Tool is no planned o be sold as a s andalone p oduc . Ins ead, he
ocus is on o e ing i as a se ice o he op imiza ion o dis ic hea ing
ne wo ks. This se ice is expec ed o become a ailable s a ing om
mid-2025. The shi om a p oduc -based model o a se ice-o ien ed
app oach e lec s a s a egic decision o p o ide specialized
op imiza ion se ices di ec ly o ope a o s and planne s o DHC
sys ems, le e aging he ool’s capabili ies o enhance e iciency,
sus ainabili y, and cos -e ec i eness o hea ing and cooling solu ions.
P ice
As he Tool is in ended o be o e ed as a se ice o op imizing Dis ic
Hea ing and Cooling sys ems, he e is no se sale p ice o he ool i sel .
Ins ead, he cos o his se ice will p ima ily be composed o consul ing
ees. These ees will be ailo ed o he speci ic needs and equi emen s
o each p ojec , including he scale o he DHC sys em being op imized,
he complexi y o he analysis, and he le el o expe consul a ion
equi ed. This app oach allows o a lexible p icing model ha can
adap o he di e se needs o clien s, ocusing on deli e ing alue
h ough expe op imiza ion o DHC sys ems o imp o ed e iciency
and sus ainabili y.
Ma ke Po en ial
Ta ge ma ke (s))/
sec o (s)
The a ge ma ke o he Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool
encompasses he ene gy sec o , speci ically ocusing on Dis ic Hea ing
and Cooling sys ems.
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
desc ip ion
The Tool a ge s he e ol ing ene gy sec o , pa icula ly ocusing on he
op imiza ion o DHC sys ems. This ool ep esen s a key enabling
echnology ha o e s se ices o enhancing he e iciency,
sus ainabili y, and cos -e ec i eness o DHC sys ems h ough ad anced
exe goeconomic analysis. I aligns wi h he inc easing demand o
in eg a ing enewable ene gy sou ces and op imizing ene gy sys ems.
Key playe s in his ma ke segmen include ene gy se ice companies,
u ili y p o ide s, municipali ies, and de elope s o DHC sys ems, who
a e all pi o al in adop ing and implemen ing hese op imiza ion
solu ions. The sec o is ma ked by a end owa ds sus ainabili y and
ene gy e iciency, d i en by en i onmen al conce ns and he need o
educe ope a ional cos s.
G ow h ends indica e a ising in e es in echnologies ha can
seamlessly in eg a e enewables and op imize ene gy dis ibu ion and
consump ion. Howe e , ba ie s o en y include he echnical
complexi y o DHC sys ems, he need o specialized knowledge in
exe goeconomic analysis, and he compe i i e landscape o ene gy
managemen solu ions. Despi e hese challenges, he ool’s inno a i e
app oach posi ions i o mee he needs o his dynamic ma ke ,
o e ing signi ican oppo uni ies o impac in he ene gy sec o .
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
size
The ma ke size o he Tool is closely ied o he global g ow h o DHC
sys ems. Wi h ends leaning owa ds ene gy e iciency and sus ainable
p ac ices, he DHC sec o ’s expansion signals a b oad ma ke
oppo uni y. The ool’s ma ke alue is linked o consul ing se ices o
sys em op imiza ion, a ge ing u ban a eas, municipali ies, and ene gy
companies. The olume o he ma ke co esponds o he ising numbe
o DHC sys ems ha equi e op imiza ion, indica ing a subs an ial
po en ial ma ke in bo h alue and olume e ms, in luenced by he
demand o imp o ed e iciency and sus ainabili y.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 69
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
G ow h ends
The ma ke o DHC sys ems is expe iencing g ow h, d i en by he shi
owa ds sus ainable and e icien ene gy solu ions. This g ow h end,
ele an o bo h alue and olume, e lec s he inc easing demand o
enewable ene gy in eg a ion and op imiza ion o ene gy sys ems. The
Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool, wi h i s ocus on imp o ing DHC
sys ems’ e iciency and sus ainabili y, is well-posi ioned wi hin his
expanding ma ke , indica ing i s po en ial o signi ican impac in he
e ol ing ene gy sec o .
Ba ie s o en y
En e ing he ma ke o DHC sys ems op imiza ion ools can ace
economic ba ie s such as high ini ial de elopmen and ope a ional
cos s, need o specialized knowledge and expe ise, and in ense
compe i ion om es ablished playe s. Legal ba ie s migh include
egula o y compliance, in ellec ual p ope y igh s, and he need o
na iga e complex ene gy sec o egula ions. These ba ie s can a ec
he adop ion and scalabili y o inno a i e solu ions like he
Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool, equi ing s a egic planning and
pa ne ships o o e come.
Compe i ion
Key compe i o
Po en ial key compe i o s o he Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool in
he ma ke include es ablished ene gy managemen so wa e
p o ide s, companies specializing in dis ic ene gy solu ions, and
de elope s o ad anced op imiza ion algo i hms o hea ing and cooling
sys ems. These compe i o s likely o e simila analy ics, op imiza ion
capabili ies, and consul ing se ices, aiming o enhance he e iciency
and sus ainabili y o DHC sys ems.
Ma ke sha e
Es ablished playe s in he ene gy managemen and dis ic hea ing and
cooling op imiza ion sec o could command signi ican po ions o he
ma ke , depending on hei geog aphical p esence, echnological
ad ancemen s, and se ice o e ings. Ma ke sha e would a y widely,
in luenced by ac o s like inno a ion, cus ome ela ionships, and he
abili y o mee e ol ing egula o y and sus ainabili y equi emen s.
S eng hs
Compe i o s’ s eng hs may include o e ing inished so wa e p oduc s
o di ec sale, enabling hem o quickly capi alize on ma ke demands.
Thei p oduc s migh gene a e aluable consume da a using simple
algo i hms, enhancing use engagemen and decision-making. S ong
ma ke posi ioning, achie ed h ough es ablished b and ecogni ion,
alongside e ec i e ma ke ing s a egies ha highligh hei p oduc s’
ease o use and immedia e bene i s, u he solidi ies hei compe i i e
edge.
Weaknesses
A signi ican d awback migh be hei inabili y o p o ide de ailed
analyses, calcula ions, o e alua ions o clien s’ speci ic p ojec s,
limi ing he ool’s p ac ical applicabili y. Lack o expe ience and
guidance o new cus ome s on e ec i ely u ilizing he ool could
hinde use sa is ac ion. Addi ionally, compe i o s migh no o e
solu ions o gene a ing missing da a in case o da a gaps, diminishing
he ool’s u ili y. The absence o a s uc u ed p ocess o inco po a ing
use eedback in o so wa e de elopmen could impede ongoing
imp o emen and ele ance o hei p oduc s.
Cus ome s
Key Cus ome s
Key cus ome s o he Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool’s se ices
could include u ili ies managing DHC sys ems, ene gy se ice
companies (ESCOs) ocusing on sus ainable and e icien ene gy
solu ions, and de elope s o planne s o u ban in as uc u e p ojec s
seeking o in eg a e enewable ene gy sou ces and op imize ene gy
sys ems o cos -e ec i eness and e iciency. Addi ionally, la ge-scale

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 70
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
p ope y de elope s and manage s o complex building hea ing g ids
could bene i om he ool’s de ailed planning and op imiza ion
capabili ies.
Pu chase beha iou
Cus ome pu chase beha iou o he se ices u ilizing he
Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool is cha ac e ized by long- e m
engagemen and ongoing suppo o e yea s, indica ing a p e e ence
o con inuous sys em op imiza ion. Sales channels include wo d-o -
mou h and exis ing clien e e als, LinkedIn o p o essional
ne wo king, and connec ions wi hin he “QM-Heizwe ke-Ne zwe k” in
Aus ia, emphasizing a a ge ed and communi y-based app oach o
clien acquisi ion. This s a egy sugges s cus ome s alue us ,
eliabili y, and p o en e ec i eness in hei pu chasing decisions.
Cus ome need
Pu chase mo i a ions o cus ome s seeking se ices u ilizing he
Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool a e p ima ily d i en by he desi e
o ailo ed solu ions a he han a s andalone so wa e p oduc . Many
po en ial clien s p e e expe assis ance due o a lack o pe sonnel
skilled in using such specialized ools. They seek o collabo a e wi h
p o essionals in de eloping solu ions, especially o op imizing DHC
g ids. The psychological mo i a ion s ems om us in expe ise and
he desi e o ope a ional e iciency, while he physical mo i a ion is
ancho ed in achie ing economic bene i s, such as cos sa ings and
s a egic in es men in in as uc u e. This app oach unde lines a
demand o con enience, eliabili y, and he assu ance o ob aining
angible bene i s, os e ing cus ome loyal y owa ds businesses ha
can deli e expe , cus omized solu ions.
Communica ion channels
Communica ion
s a egy
Communica ion channels o ad e ising and p omo ing he se ices
u ilizing he Exe goeconomic Op imiza ion Tool include a blend o
pe sonal and digi al s a egies. Wo d-o -mou h and e e als om
exis ing cus ome s o m he co ne s one o he ma ke ing app oach,
le e aging us and p o en esul s o a ac new clien s. P o essional
ne wo king pla o m LinkedIn is u ilized o engage wi h indus y
p o essionals and decision-make s, while pa icipa ion in he “QM-
Heizwe ke-Ne zwe k” in Aus ia p o ides a a ge ed channel o connec
wi h po en ial cus ome s wi hin he hea ing u ili ies sec o . These
channels enable di ec , meaning ul in e ac ions wi h he a ge
audience, emphasizing he alue o expe solu ions and os e ing
communi y wi hin he indus y.
Budge
The expec ed budge o communica ion e o s p ima ily in ol es
alloca ing esou ces owa ds pe sonnel hou s dedica ed o c ea ing
LinkedIn pos s, ne wo king ac i i ies, and main aining ela ionships
wi h exis ing cus ome s. Gi en he emphasis on di ec engagemen and
p o essional ne wo ks, he budge should ocus on suppo ing s a in
hese ac i i ies, including con en c ea ion, s a egic planning o
ou each, and egula in e ac ion wi h he communi y and clien s. This
app oach sugges s a budge ha p io i izes human esou ces o e
adi ional ad e ising spends, aiming o maximize he impac o
pe sonalized communica ion and ela ionship-building in he
p o essional and indus y-speci ic ne wo ks.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 71
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Table 19 Edge IoT-based op imal ope a ion o hea pumps in a local ene gy ne wo k [KTH]
P oduc s/ se ices
Sho desc ip ion
An edge con ol panel wi h da a-d i en sma ene gy managemen ha
upg ades exis ing BMS sys ems.
Compe i i e
ad an ages
- The ac ha i is da a-d i en makes i highly scalable o i any
mode n he mal o elec ic-based hea ing and cooling sys em
(e.g., hea pumps, HVAC, chille s, e c) including mode n ones
(so p ion s o age, PCM, e c).
- I is designed o suppo all indus ial communica ion
p o ocols and mode n machine- o-machine communica ion.
- Da a collec ion, s o age, p ocessing, and analysis a e all
handled locally in he panel.
- The e is a possibili y o b idge da a o he cloud in a secu e way
o backup and o public isualiza ion. Local da a isualiza ion,
wi hou need o cloud se ices, is also possible.
- Ene gy asse s a e d i en hanks o a i icial in elligence
algo i hms.
- This local sma ene gy managemen ool is designed o
coo dina e con ol wi h he al eady implemen ed BMS i i
exis s.
- Ad anced sys em diagnosis and p edic i e main enance
unc ions.
- As an op ional ea u e, a use in e ace ool, wi h sma
human-machine in e ac ion se ice, can be added.
Time o ma ke
Fi s p o o ype in 2025
P ice
I will be based on he scalabili y and ea u es p o ided. Taking in o
conside a ion ac o s such as sys em size, complexi y, and addi ional
us n ns. B s s n s 15 k€
Ma ke Po en ial
Ta ge ma ke (s))/
sec o (s)
Indus ial sec o s wi h a ocus on HVAC and BMS. This includes
comme cial, public, and pa ially esiden ial buildings.
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
desc ip ion
Businesses and o ganiza ions wi h a need o e icien ene gy
managemen solu ions o hei HVAC sys ems. I ca e s o sec o s
whe e op imizing ene gy consump ion is c i ical o cos sa ings and
en i onmen al sus ainabili y.
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
size
La ge, gi en he widesp ead use o HVAC sys ems and BMS in a ious
indus ies.
G ow h ends
Highly g owing due o inc easing awa eness o ene gy e iciency,
sus ainabili y goals, and he need o ad anced solu ions in building
managemen . The in eg a ion o AI and da a-d i en echnologies aligns
wi h he g owing end owa ds sma and sus ainable in as uc u e.
Ba ie s o en y
Ba ie s o en y may include:
- A need o specialized knowledge in ene gy managemen ,
compliance wi h indus y s anda ds.
- Es ablishing pa ne ships wi h manu ac u e s and sys em
in eg a o s.
- Regula o y compliance and gaining us in da a secu i y.
Compe i
ion
Key compe i o
Mode n BMS companies ha s a ed adding new sma in eg a ed
ea u es, such as IoT.
Ma ke sha e
Es ima ed ma ke sha e in indus ial and public BMS o /and HVAC can
c oss 20 %. Howe e , wi h lowe es ima ion o companies o
esiden ial sec o , c.a. 10%.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 72
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
S eng hs
The s eng hs lie in he p oduc ’s scalabili y, compa ibili y wi h a ious
sys ems, local da a handling capabili ies, and in eg a ion o AI o
e icien ene gy managemen . The abili y o b idge da a o he cloud
secu ely and o he IoT ea u es.
Weaknesses
Po en ial weaknesses could be:
- Po en ial complexi y o implemen a ion o legacy sys ems.
- Po en ial esis ance o adop ing new echnologies.
- Lack o knowledge o he need o ene gy e iciency and
deca boniza ion o hea ing and cooling sys ems.
- Need o aining use s.
Cus ome s
Key Cus ome s
B2B (Business- o-Business):
- Comme cial eal es a e de elope s,
- indus ial complexes
- Facili ies managemen companies.
- any business wi h la ge-scale HVAC sys ems.
B2C (Business- o-Consume ):
- No po en ial en isaged cus ome s!
Pu chase beha iou
Pu chase F equency: i may a y depending on he indus y and he
li ecycle o he building sys ems. Typically, businesses migh make his
kind o in es men when upg ading o ins alling new HVAC sys ems,
leading o longe pu chase cycles.
Pu chase Channels: B2B cus ome s migh p e e pu chasing h ough
di ec sales channels, possibly in ol ing consul a ions, demons a ions,
and cus omized solu ions. Addi ionally, an online p esence o p oduc
in o ma ion and ini ial inqui ies could be c ucial.
Cus ome need
- Awa e o a p ecise payback e alua ion o each case speci ica ion.
- Awa e o he expec ed impac ega ding being en i onmen ally
esponsible.
- The need o a eliable and ad anced ene gy managemen sys em o
ex ended li e- ime o HVAC sys em and e icien diagnosis unc ions.
Communica ion
channels
Communica ion
s a egy
- Communica ion Channels: U ilize a mix o channels o B2B
communica ion, including di ec sales eams o pe sonalized
engagemen , indus y e en s and con e ences o ne wo king, and an
online p esence o in o ma ion dissemina ion. Social media can be
e ec i e o c ea ing awa eness and showcasing success s o ies.
Ad e ising: Ta ge ed ad e ising in indus y publica ions and
pla o ms, bo h online and o line.
- E en s: Pa icipa e in indus y e en s, ade shows, and con e ences
o showcase you p oduc , connec wi h po en ial cus ome s, and s ay
upda ed on indus y ends.
Budge
An s m d bud s u s n 12 k€.
4.6 Digi al Pla o m Technologies: Ene gy Simula ion So wa e
This chap e desc ibes he echnology and ma ke analyses o digi al so wa e o he simula ion
o ene gy sys ems, ocusing on echnologies de eloped o DHN and ne wo ks wi h dis ibu ed
ene gy esou ces (DER). The analyses desc ibed in his chap e co e he ollowing KETs
de eloped du ing HYPERGRYD:
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 73
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
• KET 4 ICT: ER 7 – SAIn Scena io Analysis In e ace o Ene gy Sys ems (coupling
modelling, simula ion, and op imiza ion ool o la ge-scale mul i-ene gy ca ie
sys em) [ENCO]
• KET 5 ICT: ER 8 – G id Singula i y Ene gy Ma ke Simula ion Tool (hea pump and
DH digi al win in eg a ion) [GSY]
• KET 5 ICT: ER 16 – So wa e enhancemen s o open-sou ce G id Singula i y Exchange
[GSY]
In pa icula , hese KETs a e digi al solu ions able o model, simula e, and op imize DHC
ne wo ks, ene gy ma ke s, and ene gy sys ems. Each o hem has speci ic cha ac e is ics such
as he ype o con ol and op imiza ion me hods.
Ad anced ene gy simula ion so wa e is a subse o digi al pla o m echnologies ha in ol es
modelling and simula ion o an ene gy sys em and in some cases also o an ene gy ma ke . Such
so wa e is c ucial o he HYPERGRYD p ojec , which aims o e alua e and imp o e he
ope a ion o an ene gy sys em ha couples hea ing, elec ici y, and gas ne wo ks, such as a
DHC ne wo k in eg a ed wi h he elec ic g id and decen alized enewables and s o age. In
HYPERGRYD, a eam o o ganiza ions (GSY, GET, SONNE, ENVI, and KTH) is wo king
oge he o de elop a sys em ha ad ances local ene gy ading, while also accoun ing o
he mal ene gy asse s, namely hea pumps and dis ic hea ing. The goal is o simula e and
manage a local ma ke place whe e ene gy can be aded di ec ly, pee - o-pee (P2P)
73
.
The ollowing ma ke analysis del es in o he ma ke dynamics, key playe s, ends, and
oppo uni ies wi hin he ene gy simula ion so wa e sec o
4.6.1 Technology Desc ip ion and Analysis
Ene gy simula ion so wa e and ools a e essen ial o designing, managing and op imising
DHCN. They a e used by companies ha manage hese ne wo ks, such as ene gy se ice
companies (ESCOs) and hea dis ibu ion companies, bu also by esea ch cen es and
uni e si ies o s udy pu poses and by companies which would en e in his business, o
simula e he echnical aspec s o his in es men .
74
These ools a e also becoming inc easingly
impo an o ene gy ci izens and ene gy communi ies.
Ene gy simula ions ools ha e many uses. In he he mal ene gy sec o , hey allow companies
and echnicians o analyse DHN beha iou s in case o di e en ope a ing condi ions (such as
load a ia ions, aul s o main enance in e en ions) and di e en designs: in ac , hese sys ems
can easily help he e alua ion o di e en ne wo ks’ con igu a ions (such as change in pipe
sizing, subs a ion posi ioning, e c.) o iden i y he bes solu ions in e ms o e iciency and cos -
e ec i eness.Mo eo e , accu a e simula ions can help companies o p edic eliabili y,
es ima ing he p obabili y o aul s and in e up ions (p e en i e main enance sys ems and
in e en ions can be planned based on hese), and o assess he impac o new echnologies,
73
HYPERGRYD G an Ag eemen
74
S. Kun ua o a, T. Licklede e , T. Huynh, D. Zinsmeis e , T. Hamache , V. Pe ić, Design and simula ion o
dis ic hea ing ne wo ks: A e iew o modeling app oaches and ools, Ene gy, 2024,
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ene gy.2024.132189.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 80
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
HOMER Ene gy, now pa o UL Solu ions, is headqua e ed in Boulde , Colo ado, Uni ed
S a es. HOMER is a hyb id ene gy simula ion so wa e ha op imizes mic og id design ac oss
all sec o s. HOMER combines enginee ing and economics in o a single powe ul model
89
.
OpenS udio, an USA p ojec , is an open-sou ce so wa e de elopmen ki (SDK) o Building
Ene gy Modelling (BEM). OpenS udio is a de elopmen pla o m aimed a d as ically educing
he e o equi ed o build and main ain applica ions ha use BEM. OpenS udio allows hi d
pa ies o ocus on adding indi idual di e en ia ing alue and se ing hei cus ome s by
p o iding a common in as uc u e
90
.
No ably, none o hese a e di ec compe i o s o he GSY-de eloped ool desc ibed below since
hey do no model local ene gy ading. Cu en ly GSY is he only se ice p o ide ha
acili a es his ype o ene gy simula ion.
Table 21 SAIn - Scena io Analysis In e ace o Ene gy Sys ems (coupling modelling, simula ion, and op imiza ion ool o
la ge-scale mul i-ene gy ca ie sys em) [ENCO]
P oduc s/ se ices
Sho desc ip ion
SAIn is a so wa e applica ion ha enables he modelling, planning,
and ope a ion o di e en ypes o ene gy ne wo ks, such as hea ing,
gas (na u al gas o hyd ogen) and elec ici y ne wo ks. Key ea u es o
he so wa e a e:
- use - iendly g aphical use in e ace;
- ne wo k d awing ools;
- scena io de elopmen ools;
- simula ion o single ene gy ne wo ks;
- co-simula ion o hea , gas, and elec ici y ne wo ks;
- combined simula ion o hea and elec ici y ne wo ks;
- g aphical and abula epo ing o esul s;
- API o in e ac ing wi h o he so wa e ools.
Compe i i e
ad an ages
- Well-documen ed so wa e ools.
- In eg a ion o mul iple ypes o ne wo ks in he same en i onmen
o physical simula ions;
- In eg a ion o mul iple ypes o ne wo ks in he same en i onmen
o co-simula ions o op imisa ion and physical simula ion;
- Flexible da a impo om indus y-s anda d so wa e ools o
simula ion/op imisa ion o single ene gy ne wo ks.
Time o ma ke
The comme cialisa ion o a e sion o SAIn ha is missing he
unc ionali ies de eloped wi hin he Hype g id p ojec s a ed in 2017.
The new e sion o he p oduc will s a comme cialisa ion in 2024.
P ice
Use license s uc u e s n 28.000€ y us .
Ma ke
Po en ial
Ta ge ma ke (s))/
sec o (s)
The a ge sec o is wi hin he scope o g oup “D ELECTRICITY, GAS,
STEAM AND AIR CONDITIONING SUPPLY” (NACE Re .2.1) wi h codes:
35.13 T ansmission o elec ici y, 35.14 Dis ibu ion o elec ici y, 35.22
Dis ibu ion o gaseous uels, 35.3 S eam and ai condi ioning supply.
We p ima ily aim a ansmission companies and u ili ies in need o an
in eg a ed simula ion ool o planning and assessing deca bonisa ion
s a egies and elec i ica ion plans.
89
h ps://home ene gy.com/
90
h ps://opens udio.ne /

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 81
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
We also ca y ou consul ancy ac ions, which should i “71.12
Enginee ing ac i i ies and ela ed echnical consul ancy”.
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
desc ip ion
SAIn i s he needs o an Ene gy Company (e.g., T ansmission Sys em
Ope a o , Dis ibu ion Sys em Ope a o , S o age Ope a o ,
Consul ancy) add essing deca bonisa ion p ojec s, sec o coupling
p ojec s, and in eg a ed ene gy ma ke p oblems.
SAIn has no impac on Key Enabling Tool (i.e.., mic o and
nanoelec onics, nano echnology, indus ial bio echnology, ad anced
ma e ials, pho onics, and ad anced manu ac u ing echnologies).
SAIn is an inno a i e so wa e pla o m because i allows o add ess
mul i-ene gy ne wo ks simula ion/op imiza ion wi hin he same
en i onmen . Today he p ac ice is o use specialised so wa e o each
ene gy ca ie and ans e da a among en i onmen s. Bu SAIn is buil
using s a e-o - he-a ICT ools and indus y-s anda d p og amming
languages, so i has no link o “key enabling ools”.
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
size
We es ima e his ma ke a mo e han 3 billion €. Bu w k s
da a, so we p o ide a e e ence, conside ing EUROSTAT igu es o he
sec o “D ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND AIR CONDITIONING SUPPLY”
(NACE Re .2.1).
Da a a e a ailable om his page o 2020 and om his page o
p e ious yea s.
In EU27, he numbe o companies in his sec o was 166,164 wi h a
1.4% inc ease o e 2018. In Ge many, we had 62,531 companies in
2020 and a dec ease o 8% due o he s op o he business o small local
dis ibu ion ope a o s.
In EU27, u n n s s w s 1,310,000 M€, w 9.6%
d s 2018. In m ny, w d 582,225 M€ n 2020, w
dec ease o 5%.
In EU27, u dd d s n s s w s 234,584 M€,
w 9.5% n s 2018. In m ny, w d 59,709 M€ n 2020,
wi h an inc ease o 6.3%.
In EU27, he g oss in es men in angible goods (i.e., mainly
n s u u ) n s s w s 86,647 M€, w 13.6% n s
2018. In m ny, w d 20,388 M€ n 2020, w n n s
36.8%.
G ow h ends
Fo he speci ic con ex o so wa e ools o mul i-ene gy planning, we
do no ha e igu es. Wha we no iced is ha ou base o clien s has
g own since 2019 by an a e age o 10% yea o e yea .
A second ema k is ha compe i o has s a ed o eb and he
unc ionali ies o hei sec o ial p oduc s o hin a he possibili y o
sys em coupling and combined simula ions.
We a e con iden o a slow g ow h o he sec o , also pulled by he
es uc u ing o he ene gy sec o and i s deca bonisa ion.
New echnologies, egula o y equi emen s, and emissions goals a e
d i ing apid change. This ma ke was non-exis en 10 yea s ago. I has
g own apidly o e he las h ee yea s.
Ba ie s o en y
T ansmission and Dis ibu ion sys em ope a o s ha e legacy so wa e
ools in place o he managemen o hei ne wo ks. Such pla o ms
a e also used o planning in he speci ic ene gy sec o . Swi ching o a
new p oduc is di icul as long as he cus ome hinks ha he can s ill
do wi h wha he has in-house.
P oduc p icing is o conce n o Consul ancies o Resea ch Ins i u es
whe e po en ial cus ome s wi h mo e budge - es ic ed li es.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 82
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
T ansmission and Dis ibu ion sys em ope a o s a e al eady paying high
p ices o hei legacy pla o ms. SAIn is p iced oughly o be cheap o
he se o unc ionali ies p o ided compa ed o he legacy pla o ms.
SAIn p icing is also di e en ia ed based on he ype o cus ome , wi h
Resea ch Ins i u es and Public Au ho i ies ha ing subs an ial discoun s
o e Indus ial Cus ome s.
Compe i ion
Key compe i o
Main comme cial compe i o s (some only o a speci ic subse o
unc ionali ies) a e:
- DVL wi h Syne gi Gas, Syne gy Elec ic
- Liwacome wi h Simone
- Eme son wi h PipelineS udio
- Ene gy Exempla wi h Plexos
- CYME In e na ional Inc. wi h CYME
- Siemens wi h PSS®E
- nP o wi h nP o
The e a e also open-sou ce p ojec s co e ing pa o SAIn
unc ionali ies, like:
- OpenDSS
- Pandapipes
- Pandapowe
Ma ke sha e
Conside ing ha encoo d GmbH is s ill a s a -up and he
comme cializa ion o SAIn s a ed since 2019, he sha e o he ma ke
we ha e been able o gain is p ac ically ze o. We ha e a ound 35 clien s
as o oday be ween Uni e si ies, Resea ch Ins i u es and T ansmission
Sys em Ope a o s.
S eng hs
Incumben solu ions ha only mee one pa o he o e all need. They
a e ha d o displace e en wi h a be e , mo e comp ehensi e solu ion.
Weaknesses
No compe i o o e s a ully in eg a ed solu ion and he possibili y o
in eg a ing da a om many es ablished indus y pla o ms.
Cus ome s
Key Cus ome s
B2B: T ansmission Sys em Ope a o s, Dis ibu ion Sys em Ope a o s,
Ene gy Consul ing Companies, Resea ch Ins i u es (p i a e o public),
In es men Companies
Pu chase beha iou
Pu chase beha iou o he cus ome :
- Annual o mul i-annual subsc ip ions o a SAIn module o
g oups o modules
- Cus ome s a e con ac ed di ec ly by ou sales depa men , we
do no ha e eselle s o dis ibu o s
- The module o “p oduc ion cos modelling”, o “elec ic
simula ion”, and o “hyd aulic simula ion” a e h ee mos
eques ed SAIn ea u es.
Cus ome s a e slow o adop new solu ions. The ma ke and egula o s
a e d i ing hem o adap . This c ea es slow sales cycles bu e y loyal
cus ome s once he solu ion is in place. A con ac will o en s a small
and expand o e he cus ome ’s li e ime.
Cus ome need
When planning o sec o coupling o deca bonisa ion, ou use s s a
om hei legacy so wa e wi h sec o ial ene gy analysis. Resul s a e
exchanged be ween pla o m, gene ally wi h manual in e en ion and
da a ans o ma ion. The o e all wo k low equi es di e en
depa men s o in e ac and equi es coo dina ion in assump ion and
bounda y condi ions o each simula ion.
SAIn p o ides a cen al en i onmen whe e o pe o m da a inges ion,
p ocessing, model c ea ing, scena io simula ion o op imisa ion, wi h
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 83
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
he key ac o o in eg a ing di e en ene gy ne wo ks. No mo e da a
ans e be ween pla o ms o con e sion among o ma s.
SAIN also allows o use s o expe imen in ex ending hei exis ing
modelling and op imiza ion capabili ies by le e aging in eg a ed
ne wo ks.
We also o e a 24/7 cus ome se ice which p o ides suppo and
answe s o ou clien s. This se ice has been ecognised as ex emely
aluable by all ou exis ing clien s.
We also o e aining o suppo ou clien s in le e aging SAIn ’s
po en ial quickly.
Communica ion
channels
Communica ion
s a egy
Accoun -based ma ke ing, e en - ocused hough leade ship, and
b and ma ke ing p ac ices and building awa eness.
Communica ion mainly ake place ia:
- Company’s websi e
- Company’s social media accoun s
- Pa icipa ion o na ional and in e na ional e en s (scien i ic
and no )
- Di ec con ac o po en ial cus ome s
- Facili a ed con ac h ough exis ing cus ome s
Budge
We ha e ocused mainly on e en pa icipa ion (10.000 eu o/yea ).
O he ools a e unde assessmen .
Table 22 G id Singula i y Ene gy Ma ke Simula ion Tool (hea pump and DH digi al win in eg a ion) + So wa e
enhancemen s o open-sou ce G id Singula i y Exchange [GSY]
P oduc s/ se ices
Sho desc ip ion
G id Singula i y Ene gy Ma ke Simula ion Tool (Singula i y Map), and
so wa e enhancemen s o open-sou ce G id Singula i y Exchange o
include he mal asse s (de eloped unde GPL .3 open sou ce licence,
wi h copy igh p o ec ed in e aces); he objec i e o GSY so wa e
ools a e o simula e (and ul ima ely deploy) local g id-awa e ene gy
ma ke places (including he mal asse s like hea pumps), in e acing
wi h g id ope a o s and ene gy asse s (gene a ion and consump ion) o
acili a e au oma ed and decen alized pee - o-pee ansac ions.
Compe i i e
ad an ages
The only simula ion ool on he ma ke ha can simula e and assess he
bene i s o pee - o-pee ene gy ading
Time o ma ke
The be a e sion o he ool is a ailable.
P ice
Cu en ly ee o es ing and u he de elopmen . Fu u e p icing o be
based on complexi y and any consul ing o aining equi ed.
Ma ke Po en ial
Ta ge ma ke (s))/
sec o (s)
• Educa ion
• Consul ing se ices
• C oss-selling o o he ha dwa e and so wa e
• Cus omiza ion o he open-sou ce so wa e o he n s’
needs bo h in o m o en e p ise so wa e e sion and/o
addi ional so wa e de elopmen se ices
• T aining & echnical suppo o he use o open-sou ce
so wa e
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
desc ip ion
Re e o chap e 4.6.2
Ma ke (s))/ sec o (s)
size
• Ene gy co po a es so wa e acquisi ion ending: “Enel’s $300
million pu chase o demand esponse p o ide Ene NOC,
Cen ica’s $81.4 million pu chase o REs o e, and O ma ’s $35
million o Vi idi y Ene gy”
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 84
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
“Memoo i es ima es ha he ma ke o Building Pe o mance
So wa e in Sma Buildings gene a ed $12.72Bn in 2015, and we expec
his alue o ise o $18.78Bn by 2020, ep esen ing a heal hy CAGR o
8.1% pe annum. Ene gy So wa e accoun s o o e 50% o he ma ke ,
a $6.46Bn in 2015, and we expec his alue o ise o jus o e $9.7Bn
by 2020. En e p ise Ene gy Managemen Sys ems (EEMs) make up he
la ges p opo ion o his ma ke in 2015.”
G ow h ends
The concep o ene gy communi ies and/o coope a i es is gaining
g ound, especially in he Eu opean Union, inc easing he a ge ma ke .
Ba ie s o en y
This is a complex so wa e o de elop, equi ing a high le el o inancing
wi h slow comme cialisa ion
Compe i ion
Key compe i o s
No e: None o hese a e di ec compe i o s as he e a e no o he
simula ion ools ha simula e local ene gy ma ke ading.
Open sou ce (pe missi e):
• Quin el In elligence (Ene gy T ansi ion Model)
• E ol ed Ene gy Resea ch (Ene gyPATHWAYS)
• PSERC (MATPOWER)
• F aunho e (OGEMA)
• Open Ene gy E iciency (Open Ene gy E iciency Me e )
• FlexiblePowe Alliance Ne wo k (Powe Ma che , Ene gy
Flexibili y In e ace)
• Linux Founda ion Ene gy / Vande bil Uni e si y (RIAPS)
• Paci ic No hwes Na ional Labo a o y (VOLTTRON)
Open sou ce (copyle ):
• Linux Founda ion Ene gy (POWSYBL)
• Megni Ene gy (OpenEne gyMoni o )
• FENECON (OpenEMS)
• Sus ainable Ene gy Now (SEN In eg a ed Renewable, Ene gy
Ne wo k oolki simula ion)
• Neon ene gy (EMMA Elec ici y Ma ke Model)
Closed sou ce:
• D i Ene gy (D i Ma ke place)
• BeeB y e (Hi e Vision/Op imal/Supply)
• Ene gy Exempla (PLEXOS Powe Simula ion)
• Siemens (Powe Sys em Simula ion PSS)
Ma ke sha e
To be de ined
S eng hs
Cu en ly he only ool o simula e local ene gy ma ke s and pee - o-
pee ene gy ading, and he only comp ehensi e ene gy communi y
managemen so wa e
Open sou ce s ill o e s wide ange o possible se ice/p oduc sales
s a egies.
Weaknesses
Ea ly ma ke de elopmen wi h unclea no el egula ion; low ene gy
da a g anula i y and da a in e ope abili y
Cus ome s
Key Cus ome s
Ene gy communi y manage s, ene gy esea che s
Pu chase beha iou
To be de ined
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 85
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Cus ome need
- Tool o ma ke simula ion o LECs including bo h hea and
elec ici y ma ke s
- Consul ing se ices
- C oss-selling o o he ha dwa e and so wa e
- Cus omiza ions
- T ainings
Communica ion
channels
Communica ion
s a egy
To be de ined
Budge
To be de ined
5 Financing Sou ces Resea ch
Conside ing he in e en ion a eas en isaged in p ojec implemen a ion, di e en inancing
modali ies can be iden i ied. In gene al, inancing oppo uni ies o he de elopmen o ene gy
ansi ion and enewable ene gy p ojec s a e nume ous and coun y speci ic. Despi e hei
di e ences hey a e esembled in h ee main ca ego ies: unds p o ided in he o m o g an s,
unds p o ided in he o m o loans and sel - inancing as ep esen ed in Figu e 29.
Figu e 29 Financing Ca ego ies
The ypes o inance mechanisms cu en ly in use in Eu ope, especially o p ojec s whose
implemen a ion in ol es en i onmen al bene i s, ha e been iden i ied and agg ega ed in he
ollowing lis :
• Financing sou ces:
o Na ional Public Adminis a ion
o EU Budge
o EU Public Financial Ins i u ions
o Na ional P omo ional Bank
o Comme cial Banks
o Financial Ma ke s
• In es men ins umen s:

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 86
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
o Public Di ec In es men s
o Policy Based Incen i es
o G an s
o Public P i a e Pa ne ship
o Concessional Deb
o Comme cial Ma ke Ra e Deb
o Sel - inancing
o Equi y
A EU le el, di e en oppo uni ies a e a ailable. The mos ele an ones a e b ie ly p esen ed
as ollows.
5.1 P ojec s De elopmen Assis ance (PDA)
The P ojec De elopmen Assis ance (PDA) suppo will be p o ided by he Eu opean
In es men Bank (EIB). This suppo is ailo -made o he speci ic p ojec s, based on hei needs
iden i ied in he e alua ion. The aim is o es ablish bankable and sus ainable p ojec s. Possible
PDA suppo may include:
• imp o emen and de elopmen o a p ojec documen a ion, o o componen s o he
p ojec design, wi h a iew o ensu e he su icien ma u i y o he p ojec , including
suppo wi h he pe mi s plan;
• assessmen o he easibili y o he p ojec , including echnical and economic s udies
(e.g., e ms o e e ences o he FEED s udy) and due diligence;
• ad ice on he inancial and legal s uc u e o he p ojec
• capaci y building o he applican
91
.
5.2 EU Funding Possibili ies in he Ene gy Sec o
The Eu opean Commission websi e
92
p o ides an o e iew o a ious EU unding p og ammes
ha suppo ene gy- ela ed p ojec s ha bene i he en i onmen , such as educing g eenhouse
gas emissions, inc easing he use o enewable ene gy o imp o ing ene gy e iciency. Some
o he p og ammes a e he Cohesion Fund, he Connec ing Eu ope Facili y, he Eu opean
In es men Bank and he Eu opean Fund o S a egic In es men s, and he Eu opean Regional
De elopmen Fund.
Cohesion Fund
The EU’s Cohesion Fund aims o educe economic and social dispa i y be ween EU coun ies
and p omo e sus ainable de elopmen . The und suppo s ene gy- ela ed p ojec s ha bene i
he en i onmen o example by educing g eenhouse gas emissions, inc easing he use o
enewable ene gy o imp o ing ene gy e iciency. Pa o he Cohesion Fund is used o
implemen he ene gy union s a egy wi h he help o he Ene gy and Managing Au ho i ies
Ne wo k (EMA)
93
.
91
h ps://clima e.ec.eu opa.eu/eu-ac ion/eu- unding-clima e-ac ion/inno a ion- und/p ojec -
de elopmen -assis ance_en
92
h ps://ene gy.ec.eu opa.eu/ opics/ unding-and- inancing_en
93
h ps://ec.eu opa.eu/ egional_policy/ unding/cohesion- und_en
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 87
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Connec ing Eu ope Facili y
The Connec ing Eu ope Facili y (CEF) is he EU’s unding ins umen o boos ing ene gy,
anspo , and digi al in as uc u e. In 2018, he CEF was enewed o 2021-2027 wi h a budge
o €42.3 billion o suppo in es men s in EU in as uc u e ne wo ks o ene gy (€8.7 billion),
anspo (€30.6 billion) and digi al (€3 billion)
94
.
Eu opean In es men Bank and he Eu opean Fund o S a egic In es men s
The Eu opean In es men Bank (EIB) helps inance ene gy p ojec s by p o iding companies
wi h loans and o he inancial ins umen s. The EIB, oge he wi h he Eu opean Commission,
launched he Eu opean In es men Ad iso y Hub as pa o he In es men Plan o Eu ope.
The Eu opean Fund o S a egic In es men s (EFSI) is a join ini ia i e be ween he EIB G oup
( he EIB and he Eu opean In es men Fund) and he Commission. I aims o mobilise p i a e
in es men in p ojec s which a e s a egically impo an o he EU, including he a eas o
ene gy e iciency, enewable ene gy, powe g ids and in e connec o s – all essen ial o speed
up he deca bonisa ion o he EU economy
95
.
In es EU
The In es EU P og amme suppo s sus ainable in es men , inno a ion and job c ea ion in
Eu ope. I will b ing oge he , unde one oo , he Eu opean Fund o S a egic In es men s and
13 o he EU inancial ins umen s and aims o igge mo e han €372 billion in addi ional
in es men o e he pe iod 2021-2027.
Jus T ansi ion Mechanism
96
The Jus T ansi ion Mechanism is a inancial ool ha p o ide ailo ed suppo o he mos
ulne able and coal-in ensi e egions in he ansi ion o a g eene economy. O e he pe iod
2021-2027, i will mobilise a leas €150 billion o in es men s o alle ia e he socio-economic
impac . The mechanism consis s o h ee pilla s:
• a Jus T ansi ion Fund o €40 billion o p ima ily p o ide g an s
• a dedica ed scheme unde In es EU o c owd in p i a e in es men s
• a public sec o loan acili y wi h he EIB G oup o mobilise addi ional in es men s and
le e age public inancing
LIFE: Clean Ene gy T ansi ion
Wi h a budge close o € 1 billion o he pe iod 2021-2027, he new sub-p og amme o he
LIFE P og amme is dedica ed o clean ene gy ansi ion. I aims o o e suppo o deli e on
94
h ps://cinea.ec.eu opa.eu/p og ammes/connec ing-eu ope-
acili y_en#:~: ex =The%20Connec ing%20Eu ope%20Facili y%20(CEF,and%20upg ading%20 he%20e
xis ing%20one.
95
h ps://www.consilium.eu opa.eu/en/policies/in es men -plan/s a egic-in es men s- und/
96
h ps://commission.eu opa.eu/s a egy-and-policy/p io i ies-2019-2024/eu opean-g een-
deal/ inance-and-g een-deal/jus - ansi ion-mechanism_en
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 88
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
sus ainable ene gy- ela ed polices ha con ibu e o each he Eu opean G een Deal
objec i es
97
.
Mode nisa ion und
This und will con ibu e o he in es men needs o he 10 lowe -income EU coun ies:
Bulga ia, C oa ia, Czechia, Es onia, Hunga y, La ia, Li huania, Poland, Romania and
Slo akia. I suppo s in es men s in gene a ion and use o ene gy om enewable ene gy
sou ces, ene gy e iciency, ene gy s o age, mode nisa ion o ene gy ne wo ks and he jus
ansi ion in ca bon-dependen egions
98
.
Reco e y and Resilience Facili y
The Reco e y and Resilience Facili y (RRF) is he key ins umen a he hea o
Nex Gene a ionEU, he EU’s plan o eme ging s onge om he COVID-19 pandemic. I is
s uc u ed a ound 6 pilla s: g een ansi ion; digi al ans o ma ion; economic cohesion,
p oduc i i y and compe i i eness; social and e i o ial cohesion; heal h, economic, social and
ins i u ional esilience; policies o he nex gene a ion. The RRF will help he EU achie e i s
a ge o clima e neu ali y by 2050
99
.
The Inno a ion Fund
The Inno a ion Fund is managed by he Eu opean Clima e, In as uc u e and En i onmen
Execu i e Agency (CINEA).
Wi h an es ima ed e enue o €40 billion om he EU Emissions T ading Sys em be ween 2020
and 2030, he Inno a ion Fund aims o c ea e inancial incen i es o companies and public
au ho i ies o in es in cu ing-edge low-ca bon and ne ze o echnologies and suppo Eu ope’s
ansi ion o clima e neu ali y
100
.
Imp o ing SMEs’ access o inance and ma ke s
The Single Ma ke P og amme aims o imp o e SMEs’ access o inance and ma ke s. The
p og amme is managed by he Eu opean Inno a ion Council and SMEs Execu i e Agency
(EISMEA).
SMEs suppo ing he EU’s ene gy, anspo and digi al ne wo ks
SMEs a e also eligible o unding unde he Connec ing Eu ope Facili y (CEF) p og amme,
which inances p ojec s ela ed o ene gy, anspo and ICT. The CEF s ands a e managed by
he Eu opean Clima e, In as uc u e and En i onmen Execu i e Agency (CINEA) and he
Eu opean Heal h and Digi al Execu i e Agency (HaDEA)
101
.
97
h ps://cinea.ec.eu opa.eu/p og ammes/li e/clean-ene gy- ansi ion_en
98
h ps://clima e.ec.eu opa.eu/eu-ac ion/eu- unding-clima e-ac ion/mode nisa ion- und_en
99
h ps://commission.eu opa.eu/business-economy-eu o/economic- eco e y/ eco e y-and- esilience-
acili y_en
100
h ps://ene gy.ec.eu opa.eu/ opics/ unding-and- inancing/eu- unding-possibili ies-ene gy-sec o _en
101
h ps://commission.eu opa.eu/ unding- ende s/how-apply/eligibili y-who-can-ge - unding/ unding-
oppo uni ies-small-businesses_en
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 89
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Eu opean Regional De elopmen Fund
102
The Eu opean Regional De elopmen Fund (ERDF) is designed o s eng hen economic, social
and e i o ial cohesion in he Eu opean Union. I aims o do his by co ec ing imbalances
be ween egions enabling in es men s in a sma e , g eene , mo e connec ed and mo e social
Eu ope ha is close o i s ci izens.
In 2021-2027, he und will enable in es men s o make Eu ope and i s egions:
• mo e compe i i e and sma e ;
• g eene ;
• mo e connec ed;
• mo e social;
• close o ci izens.
5.3 P i a e Financing Funding Sou ces
Bank Loans
Con en ional lending h ough a inancial ins i u ion such as a bank o c edi union is a ailable
o a p i a e business ha can p o ide p oo o a s ong inancial ack eco d.
Angel In es o s
An angel in es o is ypically a high-ne -wo h indi idual who lends unds in exchange o an
owne ship s ake in he company. Because o he equi y posi ion wi hin he company, angel
in es o s a e mo e likely o p o ide subs an ial amoun s o capi al when hey ind a business in
which hey wan o in es . Mos angel in es o s a e p o essionals in p i a e equi y, meaning
he business seeking unding mus pi ch i s need o inancing along wi h cu en inancial
s a emen s, i s business plan, and a iable exi s a egy.
Ven u e Capi alis s
A en u e capi alis is simila o an angel in es o . This is a g oup o high o ul a high-ne -
wo h indi iduals o a company ha manages he asse s o hose indi iduals. Because o he
olume o money ha lows in o en u e capi al i ms, businesses able o secu e capi al h ough
his medium a e awa ded deals in he millions on a e age.
103
C owd unding
C owd unding is a widesp ead scheme o capi al collec ion o a speci ic pu pose o p ojec .
One inno a i e model o c owd unding is he so-called “ene gy c owd unding”. Th ough
ene gy c owd unding a p omo e can collec capi al o i s p ojec ega ding sus ainabili y,
ene gy e iciency, o ene gy ansi ion wi h he goal o educing dependence on non- enewable
sou ces o ene gy.
C owd unding in es men s in he ene gy sec o o e a combina ion o inancial p oduc s and
e hical alue ha is a ac ing se e al in es o s. Mos in es o s a e inancial planne s,
expe ienced in es o s ocused on he inancial e u n o he p oduc , howe e a new ca ego y
o in es o s is showing up - “e hical in es o s”.  E hical in es o s a e conce ned abou he
impac o hei in es men ac i i ies and a e mo i a ed by he “g een alue” o he in es men .
102
h ps://ec.eu opa.eu/ egional_policy/ unding/e d _en
103
Types o Funding Op ions A ailable o P i a e Companies (in es opedia.com)
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 96
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Images
Table 27 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 5
Pa en
AT526452A1
Ti le
Combined hea ing and cooling sys em wi h b ine-wa e hea pump and wo
en i onmen al hea sou ces
S a us
Published
Publica ion Da e
15/03/2024
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
Jose Masswohl Dipl. - Ing D Techn
IPCs
F24F 5/00 - F24D 11/02
Abs ac
The in en ion ela es o a combined hea ing and cooling sys em (1) based on a
b ine-wa e hea pump (2), which d aws ambien hea bo h om he ambien ai
(4a) and om an unde g ound s o age uni (3).
The bu ied s o age (3) allows he b ine-wa e hea pump (2) o ope a e e icien ly
in hea ing mode (12), e en a e y low ai empe a u es. In cooling mode (13), i
se es as a cold s o age de ice, which is buil up when inexpensi e elec ici y is
a ailable, in pa icula om pho o ol aic sys ems, and la e deli e s cold o a
consume (5) wi hou ac i a ing he b ine-wa e hea pump (2).
The bu ied s o age de ice (3) is ope a ed a leas empo a ily as a la en hea
s o age de ice in bo h ope a ing modes, wi h he phase change ma e ial wa e
(3c) p e e ably being loca ed in he po e space o a solid ma ix (3d).
Fu he mo e, he unde g ound s o age (3) is no designed as a seasonal s o age,
bu as small as possible. Du ing he hea ing season i is con inually egene a ed
by mo ing hea om he ambien ai (4a) in o he s o age ank (3) wi hou
ac i a ing he b ine-wa e hea pump (2).

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 97
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Images
Table 28 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 6
Pa en
CN110296544A
Ti le
Double-sou ce combined hea pump sys em based on PVT componen
S a us
Examining - Dual iling (Double applica ion)
Publica ion Da e
01/10/2019
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
G ee Elec ic Appliances, Inc. o Zhuhai
IPCs
F25B 13/00 - F25B 27/00 - F25B 29/00 - F25B 41/04 - F25B 41/06 - F25B 41/20
- F25B 41/30
Abs ac
The in en ion p o ides a double-sou ce combined hea pump sys em based on a
PVT componen . The double-sou ce combined hea pump sys em based on he
PVT componen comp ises a i s hea sou ce hea pump subsys em and a second
hea sou ce hea pump subsys em, whe ein he i s hea sou ce hea pump
subsys em and he second hea sou ce hea pump subsys em a e he mally
coupled h ough a second hea sou ce hea exchange , so ha a i s e ige an
in he i s hea sou ce hea pump subsys em can be subjec ed o hea exchange
wi h a second e ige an in he second hea sou ce hea pump subsys em; he
second hea sou ce hea pump subsys em in ol es he PVT componen and an
ene gy s o age de ice, whe ein a hi d e ige an is a anged in he PVT
componen , and an ene gy s o age phase change ma e ial is a anged in he
ene gy s o age de ice; and he PVT componen is he mally coupled wi h he
ene gy s o age phase change ma e ial h ough he hi d e ige an , and he
second hea sou ce hea exchange is he mally coupled wi h he ene gy s o age
phase change ma e ial h ough wa e in he second hea sou ce hea exchange .
Acco ding o he double-sou ce combined hea pump sys em based on he PVT
componen , he PVT componen is connec ed wi h he second hea sou ce hea
exchange h ough he ene gy s o age de ice in an indi ec and he mally coupled
mode, so ha ad e se in luence caused by en i onmen al changes a e e ec i ely
o e come.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 98
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Images
Table 29 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 7
Pa en
CN114383320A
Ti le
Hea pump ho wa e sys em based on ac al phase change ene gy accumula o
S a us
Examining
Publica ion Da e
22/04/2022
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
Eas China Jiao ong Uni e si y
IPCs
F24H 4/02 - F24H 1/10 - F24H 9/00 - F24H 9/1818 - F24H 9/20 - F24H 15/305
- F24H 15/429
Abs ac
The in en ion discloses a hea pump ho wa e sys em based on a ac al phase
change ene gy s o age de ice. The hea pump ho wa e sys em comp ises a hea
pump uni , a ac al phase change ene gy s o age de ice, a wa e pump, an
elec ic hea e , a senso , al es and o he main componen s.
The hea pump uni , he ac al phase change ene gy s o age de ice, he wa e
pump, he elec ic hea e and he al es a e sequen ially connec ed h ough
pipelines acco ding o he igu e 1. Opening and closing o he al e a e
con olled h ough a empe a u e senso and a low senso , so ha ope a ion
modes a e swi ched.
The ope a ion modes o he hea pump ho wa e sys em comp ise a hea pump
uni independen hea ing mode, an ene gy s o age de ice independen hea
s o age mode, an ene gy s o age de ice independen hea elease mode, a hea
pump uni hea ing and ene gy s o age de ice hea s o age mode and a hea pump
uni hea ing and ene gy s o age de ice hea elease mode.
Acco ding o he hea pump ho wa e sys em, he phase change ma e ial is
adop ed as an ene gy s o age medium, he ope a ion s abili y and he hea ing
e iciency o he sys em can be imp o ed, and he cold wa e bypass pipeline is
addi ionally a anged, so ha hea s o age and hea elease in eg a ion o he
ac al phase change ene gy s o age de ice can be achie ed unde he condi ion
ha he sys em ope a es unde a single wo king condi ion.
The ac al phase change ene gy s o age de ice has he ad an ages o being small
in size, la ge in ene gy s o age densi y, apid in hea s o age and elease and
cons an in wa e supply empe a u e.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 99
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Images
Table 30 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 8
Pa en
CN115200116A
Ti le
Sel -adap i e ene gy s o age ype in eg a ed hea sou ce owe hea pump uni
based on phase change wax
S a us
Examining
Publica ion Da e
18/10/2022
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
Nanjing Tianshi New Ma e ial Tech - Nanjing Ins i u e o Technology -
Yangzhou Tianshi New Ma e ial Technology Co L d
IPCs
F24F 5/00 - F24F 11/89 - F25B 41/20 - F25B 41/40
Abs ac
The in en ion ela es o a hea pump uni , in pa icula o a sel -adap i e ene gy
s o age ype in eg a ed hea sou ce owe hea pump uni based on phase change
wax, which comp ises a e ige a ing/hea ing assembly, and he e ige a ing/
hea ing assembly is used o hea ing o cooling wa e o solu ion p o ided by a
use side and hen con eying he wa e o solu ion o he use side o use; a phase
change ma e ial in he cooling/hea sou ce owe ca ies ou phase change ene gy
s o age acco ding o he ou doo we bulb empe a u e and ca ies ou
empe a u e adjus men on he wa e o solu ion con eyed by he e ige a ion/
hea ing assembly; a phase change ma e ial in he use ene gy s o age box can
conduc phase change ene gy s o age when he indoo load is low o he
elec ici y p ice is low, and when he indoo load is high o he elec ici y p ice
is he peak alue, he ene gy o he use ene gy s o age box can be eleased o
he use side. The sys em is p o ided wi h he phase change ene gy s o age
de ice, lexible peak egula ion o he sys em can be achie ed, and he e o e he
e ec s o demand side quick esponse and ene gy sa ing a e achie ed.
Images
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 100
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Table 31 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 9
Pa en
CN118149631A
Ti le
Phase change he mal s o age hea exchange de ice, hea pump wa e hea e and
hea exchange me hod
S a us
Examining
Publica ion Da e
07/06/2024
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
Shanghai Hi achi Elec ical Appliances Co L d
IPCs
F28D 20/02
Abs ac
The in en ion discloses a phase change he mal s o age hea exchange de ice, a
hea pump wa e hea e and a hea exchange me hod. The phase change he mal
s o age hea exchange de ice includes a hea s o age box and a e ige an
ci cula ion pipe. The hea s o age box is connec ed o an inle . The wa e pipe
and he wa e ou le pipe a e used o he ci cula ion o he medium o be hea
exchanged. The e ige an ci cula ion pipe is a anged in he hea s o age box.
The hea s o age box is also illed wi h a leas wo phase change hea s o age
uni s wi h di e en phase change empe a u es. Along he di ec ion o e ige an
low, he phase change empe a u e o he phase change hea s o age uni
dec eases. Each phase change hea s o age uni includes se e al independen
phase change hea s o age bodies, and each phase change hea s o age body
includes a sealed shell, he inne ca i y o he shell is illed wi h phase change
hea s o age ma e ial. The phase change hea s o age uni can no only di ec ly
exchange hea wi h he medium o be hea exchanged, bu also exchange hea
wi h he e ige an ci cula ion pipe o imp o e hea exchange e iciency. Phase
change hea s o age uni s wi h di e en phase change empe a u es a e used o
s o e hea in cascades, which can e ec i ely imp o e sys em e iciency and
educe i e e sible loss o e ige an hea ans e .
Images
Table 32 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 10
Pa en
CA3115593A1
Ti le
The mal caisson ene gy sys em o g ound sou ce hea pump applica ions
S a us
Published
Publica ion Da e
20/10/2022
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 101
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
Cap u e Technologies Co po a ion
IPCs
F24T 10/10 - E02D 23/00 - F28D 20/00
Abs ac
A hyb id s uc u al/ he mal caisson o a building ounda ion, he hyb id
s uc u al/ he mal caisson including a leas one e ically o ien ed eba cage o
con ainmen wi hin a e ical building ounda ion hole i) a leas one hea
exchange ; and ii) a leas one ene gy s o age uni including a leas one phase
change ma e ial (PCM); whe ein he a leas one hea exchange and he a leas
one ene gy s o age uni a e con ained wi hin he a leas one e ically o ien ed
eba cage, and he building ounda ion hole u he includes a load bea ing
s uc u al suppo ing ma e ial and a he mal con ac ma e ial o he mal con ac
be ween he a leas one hea exchange and he a leas one ene gy s o age uni .
Images
n/a
Table 33 Hea Pump & WPW Hea Exchange – Rele an pa en 11
Pa en
WO2024173741A1
Ti le
Packaged mul i- unc ional ai sou ce hea pump in eg a ed wi h a hyd onic loop
o cooling/hea ing ene gy s o age
S a us
-
Publica ion Da e
22/08/2024
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
UT Ba elle LLC
IPCs
F25B 13/00 - F24F 5/00 - F25B 25/00 - F25B 41/20 - F25B 43/00 - F25B 49/02
Abs ac
An imp o ed ASHP ha ing an in eg a ed hyd onic loop o he mal ene gy
s o age is p o ided.
The hyd onic loop includes a phase change ma e ial s o age module o elease
ene gy capaci y du ing peak elec ici y hou s. The ASHP u he includes an
indoo ai - o- e ige an hea exchange , an ou doo ai - o- e ige an hea
exchange , a e ige an - o-wa e hea exchange , h ee elec onic expansion
al es o con ol e ige an low, and a mul i-capaci y comp esso wi h a suc ion
line accumula o o s o e excess e ige an cha ge.
The ASHP includes a leas six wo king modes o ope a ion, including:
1) space cooling mode;
2) cooling ene gy cha ge/simul aneous space cooling and cooling ene gy
cha ge/de os mode;
3) cooling s o age discha ge mode;
4) space hea ing mode;
5) hea ing ene gy cha ge mode;
6) hea ing s o age discha ge mode.
This and o he embodimen s a e uniquely sui ed o esiden ial space cooling,
space hea ing, wa e hea ing, and comme cial applica ions wi h high wa e
hea ing and space cooling demands.

D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 102
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Images
7.2 Rele an pa en s o So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age
Table 34 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 1
Pa en
US9016084B2
Ti le
P essu e swing adso p ion / deso p ion hea ing, cooling, and ene gy s o age
p ocess and appa a us
S a us
G an ed
Publica ion Da e
28/04/2015
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
Alden Ray M - Ri e James A - Ebne A min D
IPCs
F25B 29/00 - F25B 27/00
Abs ac
The in en ion desc ibed he ein enables a a ie y o hea ing, cooling, ene gy
ans o ma ion, and ene gy s o age op ions wi h a small numbe o componen s.
Desc ibed a e P essu e Swing Adso p ion and P essu e Swing Deso p ion cycles,
p ocesses, and appa a uses including mul iple so p ion beds and ac i e ene gy
inpu by a pump and ene gy s o age as p essu e di e en ials.
A p e e ed embodimen includes wo zeoli e 13X so p ion beds, CO2 adso ba e,
solenoid al es, and a comp esso pump. In ope a ion hese componen s p o ide
a ange o hea ing, cooling, and ene gy s o age op ions. Ope a ional cycles a e
desc ibed.
Images
Table 35 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 2
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 103
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Pa en
DE102015006857B4
Ti le
Adso p ion memo y o cooling a passenge compa men o a ehicle ha ing an
ai condi ioning sys em
S a us
G an ed
Publica ion Da e
15/07/2021
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
AUDI AG
IPCs
F25B 37/00 - B60H 1/00 - F25B 35/00
Abs ac
Adso p ion s o e (1) o cooling a passenge compa men o a ehicle ha ing an
ai condi ioning sys em wi h a e ige an ci cui (2), comp ising:
• A i s subassembly wi h an adso be and deso be uni (3) con aining a
so p ion ma e ial (3.0) and an e apo a o hea exchange uni (4)
con aining a wa e supply wi h connec ions (5, 5.0) o connec ion o he
e ige an ci cui (2) o he ai condi ioning sys em, he Adso be and
deso be uni (3) can be low-connec ed o he e apo a o hea exchange
uni (4) ia a check al e (6) ha can be opened.
• A second subassembly wi h an adso be and deso be uni (3.1) ha ing
a so p ion ma e ial (3.0) and an e apo a o -hea exchange uni (4.1)
ha ing a wa e supply, he adso be and deso be uni (3.1) being
connec ed o he e apo a o -hea exchange uni (4.1) ia ano he pilo -
ope a ed check al e (6) can be low-connec ed.
• A acuum- igh housing (1.1) o accommoda ing he i s assembly wi h
he adso be and deso be uni (3) and he e apo a o -hea exchange
uni (4) and he second assembly wi h he abso be and deso be uni
(3.1) and he e apo a o -hea exchange uni (4.1 ).
Images
Table 36 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 3
Pa en
WO2016091627A1
Ti le
So p ion module
S a us
PCT-NP (Pas ime limi )
Publica ion Da e
16/06/2016
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 104
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
MAHLE In e na ional GmbH
IPCs
F25B 17/08 - F25B 37/00 - F25B 39/00 - F25B 17/06 - F25B 49/04 - F25B 35/04
Abs ac
The p esen in en ion ela es o a so p ion module (2) o a so p ion empe a u e
con ol de ice (1), comp ising a housing (5), enclosing a wo king chambe (6)
in which a so p ion zone (7) and a phase- change zone (8) a e a anged and in
which a wo king medium can be e e sibly mo ed be ween he so p ion zone (7)
and he phase-change zone (8), a so p ion s uc u e (9) being a anged in he
so p ion zone (7) and being coupled in a hea - ans e ing manne o a so p ion
pa h (10) o guiding a so p ion pa h medium, and a phase-change s uc u e (11)
being a anged in he phase-change zone (8) and being coupled in a hea -
ans e ing manne o a phase change pa h (12) o guiding a phase-change pa h
medium.
In o de o imp o e he usabili y o said so p ion module (2) as a hea o cold
s o e uni , i comp ises a con ol de ice (14) o con olling a luidic connec ion
(13) h ough which he wo king medium can be e e sibly mo ed be ween he
so p ion zone (7) and he phase-change zone (8).
Images
Table 37 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 4
Pa en
PL1896791T3
Ti le
Hea s o e wi h a high s o age densi y
S a us
Non-paymen
Publica ion Da e
31/05/2012
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
PBB
IPCs
F25B 25/02 - F28D 20/00
Abs ac
The in en ion ela es o a so p ion-based hea s o e wi h a high s o age densi y
and imp o ed ci cula ion o he wo king medium, being in pa icula o he
pe iodic sho - e m s o age o a ailable hea using mic opo ous so ben s.
The s o age o hea has applica ions in he housing and building echnologies,
including he s o age o low empe a u e hea om sola o e es ial sou ces.
D7.3 Con ex ualisa ion and Ma ke Analysis 105
Secu i y le el: RINA/CL/SENSITIVE
Du ing o -peak pe iods, i is possible o s o e was e hea which accumula es in
ene gy-in ensi e p ocesses and which, hi he o, has been los in an uneconomical
manne .
The p oblem add essed by he p esen in en ion is ha o de eloping la ubes
o he ci cula ion o hea in la ge hea s o es whils elimina ing he
disad an ages o an unsa is ac o y low ci cula ion o he wo king medium in an
axial di ec ion.
Acco ding o he in en ion, he hea s o e (1) can include a leas one ube base
(8) and one low pla e (9) wi h a laye o non-wo en ib es (13) and he hea
ans e ubes (10) a e in eg a ed in o he ube base (8) by ma e ial i , di ec ional,
pe o a ed ape u es (12) being he eby p oduced in he so ben bed (14), he low
channels (11) being o med in he low pla e (9) and he conca e o U-o S-
shaped wo king-medium guides (16) being led, unsecu ed, h ough he ape u es
(12), connec ion he e o by ma e ial i being non-essen ial.
Al e na i e o ms o he hea s o e include he use o ex uded p o iles wi h a
leas wo passages o olled p o iles and o bundles o hea ca ie ubes (10).
Ho izon al and oblique ube bases (8; 8’) o low pla es (9; 9) wi h said laye s o
non-wo en ib e (13; 13’) do no a ec he ope a ion o he hea s o e (1).
Images
Table 38 So p ion The mal Ene gy S o age – Rele an pa en 5
Pa en
WO2020007910A1
Ti le
So p ion con aine , so p ion s o e, hea pump and hea ans o me
S a us
Non-En y PCT-NP (Pas ime limi )
Publica ion Da e
09/01/2020
S anda dized
Cu en Assignee
F aunho e Gesellscha zu Foe de ung de Angewand en Fo schung E
IPCs
F25B 17/08 - F25B 37/00 - F28D 20/00
Abs ac
The in en ion ela es o a so p ion con aine (1) comp ising a lexible co e ing
(10) which delimi s an in e nal olume (11), in which a leas one wo king
medium (7) and a i s so p ion medium (3) a e in oduced, he so p ion medium,
when hea is applied, eleasing he wo king medium (7) in he o m o a gas and
when hea is dissipa ed, abso bing he wo king medium.
The in e nal olume (11) is sub-di ided in o a leas one i s sub- olume (111),
a leas one second sub- olume (112) and a leas one hi d sub- olume (113),
he i s sub- olume (111) con aining he i s so p ion medium (3) and he